that Manuel Zelaya, the president
+ # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
+ # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
+ # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
+@@ -3085,7 +3011,7 @@ Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+ # Montserrat
+-# See 'southamerica'.
++# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+ # Nicaragua
+ #
+@@ -3110,25 +3036,25 @@ Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890
+ # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
+ # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
+ # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
+-# during the Arnoldo Aleman administration."...
++# during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
+ # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
+ # since December 1998. I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
+ # changes in 2000. Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
+ # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
+ #
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
+ # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
+ # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
+ # (2005-09-26)
+ #
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
+ # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
+ # (my informal translation)
+-# By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolanos, Nicaragua
++# By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
+ # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
+-# morning, and will stay that way until 30.th. of september.
++# morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
+ #
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
+ # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
+ # My informal translation runs:
+ # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
+@@ -3155,7 +3081,7 @@ Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890
+ # Panama
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890
+- -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colon Mean Time
++ -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
+ -5:00 - EST
+
+ # Puerto Rico
+@@ -3168,7 +3094,7 @@ Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 2
+
+ # St Kitts-Nevis
+ # St Lucia
+-# See 'southamerica'.
++# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+ # St Pierre and Miquelon
+ # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
+@@ -3179,7 +3105,7 @@ Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 #
+ -3:00 Canada PM%sT
+
+ # St Vincent and the Grenadines
+-# See 'southamerica'.
++# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+ # Turks and Caicos
+ #
+@@ -3214,4 +3140,9 @@ Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
+
+ # British Virgin Is
+ # Virgin Is
+-# See 'southamerica'.
++# See America/Port_of_Spain.
++
++
++# Local Variables:
++# coding: utf-8
++# End:
+Index: contrib/tzdata/pacificnew
+===================================================================
+--- contrib/tzdata/pacificnew (revision 273102)
++++ contrib/tzdata/pacificnew (working copy)
+@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
+-#
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+Index: contrib/tzdata/southamerica
+===================================================================
+--- contrib/tzdata/southamerica (revision 273102)
++++ contrib/tzdata/southamerica (working copy)
+@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
+-#
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+@@ -30,17 +29,17 @@
+ # I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
+ # _daylight-saving time_. _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
+ # in Europe and South America.
+-# -- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
++# -- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
+ # H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
+ #
+ # Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
+ # for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
+-# "summer time". Reinaldo Goulart, a Sao Paulo businessman active in
++# "summer time". Reinaldo Goulart, a São Paulo businessman active in
+ # the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
+ # The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
+-# Brazil. Let's say that "the Brasilia time" is considered the
+-# "official time" because Brasilia is the capital city.
+-# The other three time zones are called "Brasilia time "minus one" or
++# Brazil. Let's say that "the Brasília time" is considered the
++# "official time" because Brasília is the capital city.
++# The other three time zones are called "Brasília time "minus one" or
+ # "plus one" or "plus two". As far as I know there is no such
+ # name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
+ # So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
+@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@
+ # Corrections are welcome!
+ # std dst
+ # -2:00 FNT FNST Fernando de Noronha
+-# -3:00 BRT BRST Brasilia
++# -3:00 BRT BRST Brasília
+ # -4:00 AMT AMST Amazon
+ # -5:00 ACT ACST Acre
+
+@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@
+ # Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
+ # Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974. Switches at midnight.
+
+-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-199):
++# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-19):
+ # ARGENTINA 3 H BEHIND UTC
+
+ # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
+@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ Rule Arg 1988 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
+ # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
+ # These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
+ # obtaining the data from the:
+-# Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina
++# Talleres de Hidrografía Naval Argentina
+ # (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
+ Rule Arg 1989 1993 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Arg 1989 1992 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+@@ -117,13 +116,13 @@ Rule Arg 1999 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Arg 2000 only - Mar 3 0:00 0 -
+ #
+ # From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
+-# We just checked with our Sao Paulo office and they say the government of
++# We just checked with our São Paulo office and they say the government of
+ # Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
+ # So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
+ #
+-# From Fabian L. Arce Jofre (2000-04-04):
++# From Fabián L. Arce Jofré (2000-04-04):
+ # The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
+-# de la Rua on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
++# de la Rúa on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
+ # in the winter time, rather than less. The change took effect on March 3.
+ #
+ # From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
+@@ -156,15 +155,13 @@ Rule Arg 2000 only - Mar 3 0:00 0 -
+ # that Argentina will use DST next year as well, from October to
+ # March, although exact rules are not given.
+ #
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
+ # The last hurdle of Argentina DST is over, the proposal was approved in
+-# the lower chamber too (Deputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
++# the lower chamber too (Diputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
+ # By the way thanks to Mariano Absatz and Daniel Mario Vega for the link to
+ # the original scanned proposal, where the dates and the zero hours are
+ # clear and unambiguous...This is the article about final approval:
+-#
+ # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/nota.asp?nota_id=973996
+-#
+ #
+ # From Paul Eggert (2007-12-22):
+ # For dates after mid-2008, the following rules are my guesses and
+@@ -174,13 +171,8 @@ Rule Arg 2000 only - Mar 3 0:00 0 -
+ # As per message from Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz (Nicaragua),
+ # Argentina will start DST on Sunday October 19, 2008.
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina03.html
+-#
+-# OR
+-#
+ # http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=57832 (in spanish)
+-#
+
+ # From Rodrigo Severo (2008-10-06):
+ # Here is some info available at a Gentoo bug related to TZ on Argentina's DST:
+@@ -189,48 +181,37 @@ Rule Arg 2000 only - Mar 3 0:00 0 -
+ # Hi, there is a problem with timezone-data-2008e and maybe with
+ # timezone-data-2008f
+ # Argentinian law [Number] 25.155 is no longer valid.
+-#
+ # http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/60000-64999/60036/norma.htm
+-#
+ # The new one is law [Number] 26.350
+-#
+ # http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/135000-139999/136191/norma.htm
+-#
+ # So there is no summer time in Argentina for now.
+
+ # From Mariano Absatz (2008-10-20):
+ # Decree 1693/2008 applies Law 26.350 for the summer 2008/2009 establishing DST in Argentina
+ # From 2008-10-19 until 2009-03-15
+-#
+ # http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=16102008&pi=3&pf=4&s=0&sec=01
+-#
+ #
+-# Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer 2008/2009:
+-# Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La Pampa, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz
+-# and Tierra del Fuego
+-#
++
++# Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer
++# 2008/2009: Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La
++# Pampa, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego
+ # http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=17102008&pi=1&pf=1&s=0&sec=01
+-#
+ #
+ # Press release 235 dated Saturday October 18th, from the Government of the Province of Jujuy saying
+ # it will not apply DST either (even when it was not included in Decree 1705/2008)
+-#
+ # http://www.jujuy.gov.ar/index2/partes_prensa/18_10_08/235-181008.doc
+-#
+
+ # From fullinet (2009-10-18):
+ # As announced in
+-#
+ # http://www.argentina.gob.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=356
+-#
+ # (an official .gob.ar) under title: "Sin Cambio de Hora" (english: "No hour change")
+ #
+-# "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvio no modificar la hora
+-# oficial, decision que estaba en estudio para su implementacion el
+-# domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificacion se anuncio
+-# que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorologicas, no necesita
+-# la modificacion del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
+-# crecimiento en la produccion y distribucion energetica."
++# "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvió no modificar la hora
++# oficial, decisión que estaba en estudio para su implementación el
++# domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificación se anunció
++# que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorológicas, no necesita
++# la modificación del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
++# crecimiento en la producción y distribución energética."
+
+ Rule Arg 2007 only - Dec 30 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Arg 2008 2009 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+@@ -245,9 +226,9 @@ Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ # now we'll assume it's for this year only.
+ #
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+-#
+ # Hora de verano para la Republica Argentina (2003-06-08)
+-# says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
++#
++# says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
+ # to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25. Go with this more-precise value
+ # over Shanks & Pottenger.
+ #
+@@ -262,10 +243,10 @@ Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ # time in October 17th.
+ #
+ # Catamarca, Chubut, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz,
+-# Tierra del Fuego, Tucuman.
++# Tierra del Fuego, Tucumán.
+ #
+ # From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-14):
+-# ... this weekend, the Province of Tucuman decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
++# ... this weekend, the Province of Tucumán decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
+ # yesterday midnight (that is, at 24:00 Saturday 12th), since the people's
+ # annoyance with the change is much higher than the power savings obtained....
+ #
+@@ -300,28 +281,19 @@ Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ # Here are articles that Argentina Province San Luis is planning to end DST
+ # as earlier as upcoming Monday January 21, 2008 or February 2008:
+ #
+-# Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del pais
++# Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del país
+ # (Argentine Province delayed clock and mark difference with the rest of the
+ # country)
+-#
+ # http://cl.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200801171849_EFE_ET4373&idtel
+-#
+ #
+ # Es inminente que en San Luis atrasen una hora los relojes
+ # (It is imminent in San Luis clocks one hour delay)
+-#
+-# http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/vernotae.asp?id_nota=253414
+-#
+-#
+-#
++# http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/nota/253414/Economia/Es-inminente-que-en-San-Luis-atrasen-una-hora-los-relojes.html
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_argentina02.html
+-#
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
+ # The page of the San Luis provincial government
+-#
+ # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=0&id=22812
+-#
+ # confirms what Alex Krivenyshev has earlier sent to the tz
+ # emailing list about that San Luis plans to return to standard
+ # time much earlier than the rest of the country. It also
+@@ -334,15 +306,13 @@ Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ # independent changes in the southamerica file of San Luis in
+ # 1990 and 1991 which has not been confirmed).
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
+ # Unfortunately the below page has become defunct, about the San Luis
+ # time change. Perhaps because it now is part of a group of pages "Most
+ # important pages of 2008."
+ #
+ # You can use
+-#
+ # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=8141&id=22834
+-#
+ # instead it seems. Or use "Buscador" from the main page of the San Luis
+ # government, and fill in "huso" and click OK, and you will get 3 pages
+ # from which the first one is identical to the above.
+@@ -376,14 +346,9 @@ Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ # to utc-04:00 until the second Saturday in October...
+ #
+ # The press release is at
+-#
+ # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/SL/Paginas/NoticiaDetalle.asp?TemaId=1&InfoPrensaId=3102
+-#
+-# (I couldn't find the decree, but
+-#
+-# www.sanluis.gov.ar
+-#
+-# is the official page for the Province Government).
++# (I couldn't find the decree, but www.sanluis.gov.ar
++# is the official page for the Province Government.)
+ #
+ # There's also a note in only one of the major national papers ...
+ # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1107912
+@@ -400,9 +365,7 @@ Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ # ...the Province of San Luis is a case in itself.
+ #
+ # The Law at
+-#
+ # is ambiguous because establishes a calendar from the 2nd Sunday in
+ # October at 0:00 thru the 2nd Saturday in March at 24:00 and the
+ # complement of that starting on the 2nd Sunday of March at 0:00 and
+@@ -433,17 +396,13 @@ Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-09):
+ # According to news reports from El Diario de la Republica Province San
+ # Luis, Argentina (standard time UTC-04) will keep Daylight Saving Time
+-# after April 11, 2010--will continue to have same time as rest of
++# after April 11, 2010 - will continue to have same time as rest of
+ # Argentina (UTC-3) (no DST).
+ #
+-# Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
+-#
++# Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
+ # http://www.eldiariodelarepublica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29383&Itemid=9
+-#
+ # or (some English translation):
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina08.html
+-#
+
+ # From Mariano Absatz (2010-04-12):
+ # yes...I can confirm this...and given that San Luis keeps calling
+@@ -463,13 +422,13 @@ Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ # setting for time stamps past 2038.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+-# Milne says Cordoba time was -4:16:48.2. Round to the nearest second.
++# Milne says Córdoba time was -4:16:48.2. Round to the nearest second.
+
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #
+ # Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
+ Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
++ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Córdoba Mean Time
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
+@@ -476,7 +435,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT
+ #
+-# Cordoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
++# Córdoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
+ # Chaco (CC), Formosa (FM), Santiago del Estero (SE)
+ #
+ # Shanks & Pottenger also make the following claims, which we haven't verified:
+@@ -496,7 +455,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT 1894
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT
+ #
+-# Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquen (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
++# Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquén (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
+ Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+@@ -508,7 +467,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT 1894 O
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 2008 Oct 18
+ -3:00 - ART
+ #
+-# Tucuman (TM)
++# Tucumán (TM)
+ Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+@@ -620,7 +579,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT 189
+ #
+ # Santa Cruz (SC)
+ Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
++ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Córdoba Mean Time
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
+@@ -630,9 +589,9 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 2008 Oct 18
+ -3:00 - ART
+ #
+-# Tierra del Fuego, Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (TF)
++# Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (TF)
+ Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
++ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Córdoba Mean Time
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
+@@ -663,13 +622,13 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+
+ # From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
+ # _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
+-# Santa Catarina (SC), Parana (PR), Sao Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
+-# Espirito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goias (GO),
++# Santa Catarina (SC), Paraná (PR), São Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
++# Espírito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goiás (GO),
+ # Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
+ # [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
+
+ # From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
+-# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goias until 1989), and other
++# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goiás until 1989), and other
+ # sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
+ # always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
+ # The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91. Each issue from then until
+@@ -683,16 +642,14 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+ # However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
+ # Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil. For each
+ # airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM. From that
+-# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapa (AP), Ceara (CE),
+-# Maranhao (MA), Paraiba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piaui (PI), and Rio Grande do
+-# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Para (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
++# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapá (AP), Ceará (CE),
++# Maranhão (MA), Paraíba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piauí (PI), and Rio Grande do
++# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Pará (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
+
+ # From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
+-#
+-# Brazilian official page
+-#
++# Brazilian official page
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard (2000-11-03):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard (2000-11-03):
+ # [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
+ # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
+ # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm
+@@ -725,13 +682,13 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+
+ # From Paul Schulze (2008-06-24):
+ # ...by law number 11.662 of April 24, 2008 (published in the "Diario
+-# Oficial da Uniao"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
++# Oficial da União"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
+ # effective today (00:00am at June 24, 2008) as follows:
+ #
+ # a) The timezone UTC+5 is e[x]tinguished, with all the Acre state and the
+ # part of the Amazonas state that had this timezone now being put to the
+ # timezone UTC+4
+-# b) The whole Para state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
++# b) The whole Pará state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
+ # part of it, as was before.
+ #
+ # This change follows a proposal of senator Tiao Viana of Acre state, that
+@@ -744,13 +701,11 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+
+ # From Rodrigo Severo (2008-06-24):
+ # Just correcting the URL:
+-#
+ # https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=do&secao=1&pagina=1&data=25/04/2008
+-#
+ #
+ # As a result of the above Decree I believe the America/Rio_Branco
+ # timezone shall be modified from UTC-5 to UTC-4 and a new timezone shall
+-# be created to represent the...west side of the Para State. I
++# be created to represent the...west side of the Pará State. I
+ # suggest this new timezone be called Santarem as the most
+ # important/populated city in the affected area.
+ #
+@@ -759,19 +714,16 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+
+ # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-24):
+ # This is a quick reference page for New and Old Brazil Time Zones map.
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/brazil-time-new-old.php
+-#
+ #
+-# - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones-eliminating time zone UTC- 05
+-# (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT- 04) - western
+-# part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC- 03 (from UTC -04).
++# - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones - eliminating time zone UTC-05
++# (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT-04) - western
++# part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC-03 (from UTC-04).
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10):
+ # The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from
+-#
+-# Decretos sobre o Horario de Verao no Brasil
+-# .
++# Decretos sobre o Horário de Verão no Brasil
++# .
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-29):
+ # As announced by the government and many newspapers in Brazil late
+@@ -783,25 +735,17 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+ # It has not yet been posted to http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
+ #
+ # An official page about it:
+-#
+ # http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do?newsId=16722
+-#
+ # Note that this link does not always work directly, but must be accessed
+ # by going to
+-#
+ # http://www.mme.gov.br/first
+-#
+ #
+ # One example link that works directly:
+-#
+ # http://jornale.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13530&Itemid=54
+ # (Portuguese)
+-#
+ #
+ # We have a written a short article about it as well:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-dst-2008-2009.html
+-#
+ #
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-04):
+ # State Bahia will return to Daylight savings time this year after 8 years off.
+@@ -809,17 +753,12 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+ # television station in Salvador.
+
+ # In Portuguese:
+-#
+ # http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2011/10/governador-jaques-wagner-confirma-horario-de-verao-na-bahia.html
+-# and
+-#
+ # http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI5390887-EI8139,00-Bahia+volta+a+ter+horario+de+verao+apos+oito+anos.html
+-#
+
+ # From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-07):
+ # There is news in the media, however there is still no decree about it.
+-# I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at
+-# http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the
++# I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the
+ # official agency about time in Brazil, and she confirmed that the old rule is
+ # still in force.
+
+@@ -831,9 +770,7 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+ #
+ # DECRETO No- 7.584, DE 13 DE OUTUBRO DE 2011
+ # Link :
+-#
+ # http://www.in.gov.br/visualiza/index.jsp?data=13/10/2011&jornal=1000&pagina=6&totalArquivos=6
+-#
+
+ # From Kelley Cook (2012-10-16):
+ # The governor of state of Bahia in Brazil announced on Thursday that
+@@ -861,42 +798,42 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+ # For now, assume western Amazonas will change as well.
+
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-# Decree 20,466 (1931-10-01)
+-# Decree 21,896 (1932-01-10)
++# Decree 20,466 (1931-10-01)
++# Decree 21,896 (1932-01-10)
+ Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1932 1933 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Brazil 1932 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 S
+-# Decree 23,195 (1933-10-10)
++# Decree 23,195 (1933-10-10)
+ # revoked DST.
+-# Decree 27,496 (1949-11-24)
+-# Decree 27,998 (1950-04-13)
++# Decree 27,496 (1949-11-24)
++# Decree 27,998 (1950-04-13)
+ Rule Brazil 1949 1952 - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1950 only - Apr 16 1:00 0 -
+ Rule Brazil 1951 1952 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 32,308 (1953-02-24)
++# Decree 32,308 (1953-02-24)
+ Rule Brazil 1953 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 34,724 (1953-11-30)
++# Decree 34,724 (1953-11-30)
+ # revoked DST.
+-# Decree 52,700 (1963-10-18)
++# Decree 52,700 (1963-10-18)
+ # established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
+ # in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
+-# Decree 53,071 (1963-12-03)
++# Decree 53,071 (1963-12-03)
+ # extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
+ Rule Brazil 1963 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 S
+-# Decree 53,604 (1964-02-25)
++# Decree 53,604 (1964-02-25)
+ # extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
+ Rule Brazil 1964 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 55,639 (1965-01-27)
++# Decree 55,639 (1965-01-27)
+ Rule Brazil 1965 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1965 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 57,303 (1965-11-22)
++# Decree 57,303 (1965-11-22)
+ Rule Brazil 1965 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
+-# Decree 57,843 (1966-02-18)
++# Decree 57,843 (1966-02-18)
+ Rule Brazil 1966 1968 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Brazil 1966 1967 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
+-# Decree 63,429 (1968-10-15)
++# Decree 63,429 (1968-10-15)
+ # revoked DST.
+-# Decree 91,698 (1985-09-27)
++# Decree 91,698 (1985-09-27)
+ Rule Brazil 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
+ # Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
+ # Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
+@@ -904,42 +841,42 @@ Rule Brazil 1986 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 -
+ # Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
+ Rule Brazil 1986 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1987 only - Feb 14 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 94,922 (1987-09-22)
++# Decree 94,922 (1987-09-22)
+ Rule Brazil 1987 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 96,676 (1988-09-12)
++# Decree 96,676 (1988-09-12)
+ # except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
+ Rule Brazil 1988 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1989 only - Jan 29 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 98,077 (1989-08-21)
++# Decree 98,077 (1989-08-21)
+ # with the same exceptions
+ Rule Brazil 1989 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1990 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 99,530 (1990-09-17)
++# Decree 99,530 (1990-09-17)
+ # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
+ # Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
+ Rule Brazil 1990 only - Oct 21 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1991 only - Feb 17 0:00 0 -
+-# Unnumbered decree (1991-09-25)
++# Unnumbered decree (1991-09-25)
+ # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
+ Rule Brazil 1991 only - Oct 20 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1992 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 -
+-# Unnumbered decree (1992-10-16)
++# Unnumbered decree (1992-10-16)
+ # adopted by same states.
+ Rule Brazil 1992 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 942 (1993-09-28)
++# Decree 942 (1993-09-28)
+ # adopted by same states, plus AM.
+-# Decree 1,252 (1994-09-22;
++# Decree 1,252 (1994-09-22;
+ # web page corrected 2004-01-07) adopted by same states, minus AM.
+-# Decree 1,636 (1995-09-14)
++# Decree 1,636 (1995-09-14)
+ # adopted by same states, plus MT and TO.
+-# Decree 1,674 (1995-10-13)
++# Decree 1,674 (1995-10-13)
+ # adds AL, SE.
+ Rule Brazil 1993 1995 - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Brazil 1996 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 2,000 (1996-09-04)
++# Decree 2,000 (1996-09-04)
+ # adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
+ Rule Brazil 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1997 only - Feb 16 0:00 0 -
+@@ -952,53 +889,51 @@ Rule Brazil 1997 only - Feb 16 0:00 0 -
+ #
+ # Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
+ Rule Brazil 1997 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
+-# Decree 2,495
++# Decree 2,495
+ # (1998-02-10)
+ Rule Brazil 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 2,780 (1998-09-11)
++# Decree 2,780 (1998-09-11)
+ # adopted by the same states as before.
+ Rule Brazil 1998 only - Oct 11 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1999 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 3,150
++# Decree 3,150
+ # (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
+-# Decree 3,188 (1999-09-30)
++# Decree 3,188 (1999-09-30)
+ # adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
+ Rule Brazil 1999 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 2000 only - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 3,592 (2000-09-06)
++# Decree 3,592 (2000-09-06)
+ # adopted by the same states as before.
+-# Decree 3,630 (2000-10-13)
++# Decree 3,630 (2000-10-13)
+ # repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
+-# Decree 3,632 (2000-10-17)
++# Decree 3,632 (2000-10-17)
+ # repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
+-# Decree 3,916
++# Decree 3,916
+ # (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
+ Rule Brazil 2000 2001 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 2001 2006 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+ # Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
+-# 4,399
++# 4,399
+ Rule Brazil 2002 only - Nov 3 0:00 1:00 S
+ # Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO.
+-# 4,844
++# 4,844
+ Rule Brazil 2003 only - Oct 19 0:00 1:00 S
+ # Decree 5,223 (2004-10-01) reestablishes DST in MT.
+-# 5,223
++# 5,223
+ Rule Brazil 2004 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
+-# Decree 5,539 (2005-09-19),
++# Decree 5,539 (2005-09-19),
+ # adopted by the same states as before.
+ Rule Brazil 2005 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 S
+-# Decree 5,920 (2006-10-03),
++# Decree 5,920 (2006-10-03),
+ # adopted by the same states as before.
+ Rule Brazil 2006 only - Nov 5 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 2007 only - Feb 25 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 6,212 (2007-09-26),
++# Decree 6,212 (2007-09-26),
+ # adopted by the same states as before.
+ Rule Brazil 2007 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
+ # From Frederico A. C. Neves (2008-09-10):
+ # According to this decree
+-#
+ # http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2008/Decreto/D6558.htm
+-#
+ # [t]he DST period in Brazil now on will be from the 3rd Oct Sunday to the
+ # 3rd Feb Sunday. There is an exception on the return date when this is
+ # the Carnival Sunday then the return date will be the next Sunday...
+@@ -1033,29 +968,29 @@ Zone America/Noronha -2:09:40 - LMT 1914
+ -2:00 Brazil FN%sT 2002 Oct 1
+ -2:00 - FNT
+ # Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
+-# These include Trindade and Martin Vaz (administratively part of ES),
+-# Atol das Rocas (RN), and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo (PE).
++# These include Trindade and Martim Vaz (administratively part of ES),
++# Rocas Atoll (RN), and the St Peter and St Paul Archipelago (PE).
+ # Fernando de Noronha was a separate territory from 1942-09-02 to 1989-01-01;
+ # it also included the Penedos.
+ #
+-# Amapa (AP), east Para (PA)
+-# East Para includes Belem, Maraba, Serra Norte, and Sao Felix do Xingu.
+-# The division between east and west Para is the river Xingu.
++# Amapá (AP), east Pará (PA)
++# East Pará includes Belém, Marabá, Serra Norte, and São Félix do Xingu.
++# The division between east and west Pará is the river Xingu.
+ # In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
+-# the border with Amapa) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
++# the border with Amapá) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
+ Zone America/Belem -3:13:56 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -3:00 - BRT
+ #
+-# west Para (PA)
+-# West Para includes Altamira, Oribidos, Prainha, Oriximina, and Santarem.
++# west Pará (PA)
++# West Pará includes Altamira, Óbidos, Prainha, Oriximiná, and Santarém.
+ Zone America/Santarem -3:38:48 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -4:00 - AMT 2008 Jun 24 00:00
+ -3:00 - BRT
+ #
+-# Maranhao (MA), Piaui (PI), Ceara (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
+-# Paraiba (PB)
++# Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
++# Paraíba (PB)
+ Zone America/Fortaleza -2:34:00 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17
+ -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30
+@@ -1102,8 +1037,8 @@ Zone America/Bahia -2:34:04 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2012 Oct 21
+ -3:00 - BRT
+ #
+-# Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
+-# Espirito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Sao Paulo (SP), Parana (PR),
++# Goiás (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
++# Espírito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR),
+ # Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
+ Zone America/Sao_Paulo -3:06:28 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1963 Oct 23 00:00
+@@ -1120,7 +1055,7 @@ Zone America/Cuiaba -3:44:20 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 - AMT 2004 Oct 1
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT
+ #
+-# Rondonia (RO)
++# Rondônia (RO)
+ Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -4:00 - AMT
+@@ -1132,7 +1067,7 @@ Zone America/Boa_Vista -4:02:40 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 2000 Oct 15
+ -4:00 - AMT
+ #
+-# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutai, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
++# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutaí, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
+ # The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
+ # east from west Amazonas.
+ Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914
+@@ -1142,7 +1077,7 @@ Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 - AMT
+ #
+ # west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
+-# Eirunepe, Envira, Ipixuna
++# Eirunepé, Envira, Ipixuna
+ Zone America/Eirunepe -4:39:28 - LMT 1914
+ -5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -5:00 - ACT 1993 Sep 28
+@@ -1175,7 +1110,7 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2006-10-08):
+ # http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-08):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-08):
+ # I think that there are some obvious mistakes in the suggested link
+ # from Oscar van Vlijmen,... for instance entry 66 says that GMT-4
+ # ended 1990-09-12 while entry 67 only begins GMT-3 at 1990-09-15
+@@ -1185,36 +1120,28 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-27):
+ # The following data for Chile and America/Santiago are from
+ # (2006-09-20), transcribed by
+-# Jesper Norgaard Welen. The data for Pacific/Easter are from Shanks
++# Jesper Nørgaard Welen. The data for Pacific/Easter are from Shanks
+ # & Pottenger, except with DST transitions after 1932 cloned from
+ # America/Santiago. The pre-1980 Pacific/Easter data are dubious,
+ # but we have no other source.
+
+-# From German Poo-Caaman~o (2008-03-03):
++# From Germán Poo-Caamaño (2008-03-03):
+ # Due to drought, Chile extends Daylight Time in three weeks. This
+ # is one-time change (Saturday 3/29 at 24:00 for America/Santiago
+ # and Saturday 3/29 at 22:00 for Pacific/Easter)
+ # The Supreme Decree is located at
+-#
+ # http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf
+-#
+ # and the instructions for 2008 are located in:
+-#
+ # http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
+-# .
+
+-# From Jose Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
++# From José Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
+ # ...
+ # You could see the announces of the change on
+-#
+ # http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm
+-# .
+
+ # From Angel Chiang (2010-03-04):
+ # Subject: DST in Chile exceptionally extended to 3 April due to earthquake
+-#
+ # http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewNoticia.aspx?idArticulo=30098
+-#
+ # (in Spanish, last paragraph).
+ #
+ # This is breaking news. There should be more information available later.
+@@ -1226,15 +1153,11 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
+ # It appears that the Chilean government has decided to postpone the
+ # change from summer time to winter time again, by three weeks to April
+ # 2nd:
+-#
+ # http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=467651
+-#
+ #
+ # This is not yet reflected in the official "cambio de hora" site, but
+ # probably will be soon:
+-#
+ # http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
+-#
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2011-03-02):
+ # The emol.com article mentions a water shortage as the cause of the
+@@ -1242,9 +1165,7 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
+
+ # From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-28):
+ # The article:
+-#
+ # http://diario.elmercurio.com/2011/03/28/_portada/_portada/noticias/7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E.htm?id=3D{7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E}
+-#
+ #
+ # In English:
+ # Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead
+@@ -1275,6 +1196,13 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
+ # start date is 2013-09-08 00:00....
+ # http://www.gob.cl/informa/2013/02/15/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de-hora-para-el-ano-2013.htm
+
++# From José Miguel Garrido (2014-02-19):
++# Today appeared in the Diario Oficial a decree amending the time change
++# dates to 2014.
++# DST End: last Saturday of April 2014 (Sun 27 Apr 2014 03:00 UTC)
++# DST Start: first Saturday of September 2014 (Sun 07 Sep 2014 04:00 UTC)
++# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl//media/2014/02/19/do-20140219.pdf
++
+ # NOTE: ChileAQ rules for Antarctic bases are stored separately in the
+ # 'antarctica' file.
+
+@@ -1334,13 +1262,13 @@ Zone Pacific/Easter -7:17:44 - LMT 1890
+ -7:00 Chile EAS%sT 1982 Mar 13 21:00 # Easter I Time
+ -6:00 Chile EAS%sT
+ #
+-# Sala y Gomez Island is like Pacific/Easter.
+-# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernandez Is, San Ambrosio,
+-# San Felix, and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
++# Salas y Gómez Island is uninhabited.
++# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernández Is, Desventuradas Is,
++# and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
+
+ # Colombia
+
+-# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogota time in 1899; round to nearest. He writes,
++# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899; round to nearest. He writes,
+ # "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare."
+
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+@@ -1348,14 +1276,14 @@ Rule CO 1992 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule CO 1993 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 -
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone America/Bogota -4:56:16 - LMT 1884 Mar 13
+- -4:56:16 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
++ -4:56:16 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time
+ -5:00 CO CO%sT # Colombia Time
+ # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
+ # no information; probably like America/Bogota
+
+-# Curacao
++# Curaçao
+
+-# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curacao mean time; round to nearest.
++# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest.
+ #
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
+@@ -1362,10 +1290,10 @@ Zone America/Bogota -4:56:16 - LMT 1884 Mar 13
+ # -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
+ # Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
+ # 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say
+-# Saba Island has been like Curacao.
++# Saba Island has been like Curaçao.
+ # This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
+ #
+-# By July 2007 Curacao and St Maarten are planned to become
++# By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become
+ # associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
+ # Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
+ # Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones
+@@ -1378,7 +1306,7 @@ Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 #
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
+ # use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
+-# The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen charaters
++# The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen characters
+ # and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
+
+ Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes # Sint Maarten
+@@ -1386,7 +1314,7 @@ Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk # Caribbea
+
+ # Ecuador
+ #
+-# Milne says the Sentral and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
++# Milne says the Central and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
+ #
+ # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-04):
+ # Apparently Ecuador had a failed experiment with DST in 1992.
+@@ -1400,7 +1328,7 @@ Zone America/Guayaquil -5:19:20 - LMT 1890
+ -5:00 - ECT # Ecuador Time
+ Zone Pacific/Galapagos -5:58:24 - LMT 1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
+ -5:00 - ECT 1986
+- -6:00 - GALT # Galapagos Time
++ -6:00 - GALT # Galápagos Time
+
+ # Falklands
+
+@@ -1409,7 +1337,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Galapagos -5:58:24 - LMT 1931 # Puert
+ # the IATA gives 1996-09-08. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+
+ # From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
+-# via Jesper Norgaard:
++# via Jesper Nørgaard:
+ # ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
+ # April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
+ # September. It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
+@@ -1458,9 +1386,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Galapagos -5:58:24 - LMT 1931 # Puert
+ # daylight saving time.
+ #
+ # One source:
+-#
+ # http://www.falklandnews.com/public/story.cfm?get=5914&source=3
+-#
+ #
+ # We have gotten this confirmed by a clerk of the legislative assembly:
+ # Normally the clocks revert to Local Mean Time (UTC/GMT -4 hours) on the
+@@ -1525,8 +1451,8 @@ Zone America/Guyana -3:52:40 - LMT 1915 Mar # Geor
+ # Paraguay
+ #
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+-# Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are from 01:00 -> 02:00,
+-# and autumn transitions are from 00:00 -> 23:00. Go with pre-1999
++# Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are 01:00 -> 02:00,
++# and autumn transitions are 00:00 -> 23:00. Go with pre-1999
+ # editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
+ #
+ # From Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo (2013-09-20):
+@@ -1552,9 +1478,8 @@ Rule Para 1996 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+ # (10-01).
+ #
+ # Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
+-#
+-# Noticias, a daily paper in Asuncion, Paraguay (2000-10-01)
+-# :
++# Noticias, a daily paper in Asunción, Paraguay (2000-10-01)
++# :
+ # Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
+ # fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power.... The time change
+ # system has been operating for several years. Formerly there was a separate
+@@ -1575,21 +1500,18 @@ Rule Para 1998 2001 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Para 2002 2004 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Para 2002 2003 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+ #
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
+ # There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made
+ # a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
+ # Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05)
+-# From Carlos Raul Perasso via Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
++# From Carlos Raúl Perasso via Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
+ #
+ Rule Para 2004 2009 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Para 2005 2009 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00 0 -
+-# From Carlos Raul Perasso (2010-02-18):
+-# By decree number 3958 issued yesterday (
+-#
++# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2010-02-18):
++# By decree number 3958 issued yesterday
+ # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/decreto3958.pdf
+-#
+-# )
+ # Paraguay changes its DST schedule, postponing the March rule to April and
+ # modifying the October date. The decree reads:
+ # ...
+@@ -1605,14 +1527,17 @@ Rule Para 2010 2012 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 0 -
+ # Paraguay will end DST on 2013-03-24 00:00....
+ # http://www.ande.gov.py/interna.php?id=1075
+ #
+-# From Carlos Raul Perasso (2013-03-15):
++# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2013-03-15):
+ # The change in Paraguay is now final. Decree number 10780
+ # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/uploads/pdf/presidencia-3b86ff4b691c79d4f5927ca964922ec74772ce857c02ca054a52a37b49afc7fb.pdf
++# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2014-02-28):
++# Decree 1264 can be found at:
++# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/archivos/documentos/DECRETO1264_ey9r8zai.pdf
+ Rule Para 2013 max - Mar Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
+
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890
+- -3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
++ -3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asunción Mean Time
+ -4:00 - PYT 1972 Oct # Paraguay Time
+ -3:00 - PYT 1974 Apr
+ -4:00 Para PY%sT
+@@ -1619,8 +1544,8 @@ Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890
+
+ # Peru
+ #
+-#
+-# From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26):
++# From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26)
++# :
+ # When we were in Peru in 1985-1986, they apparently switched over
+ # sometime between December 29 and January 3 while we were on the Amazon.
+ #
+@@ -1666,18 +1591,19 @@ Zone America/Paramaribo -3:40:40 - LMT 1911
+ Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
+ -4:00 - AST
+
++# These all agree with Trinidad and Tobago since 1970.
+ Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Anguilla
+ Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Dominica
+ Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Grenada
+ Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Guadeloupe
+-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot
++Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot # St Martin (French part)
+ Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Montserrat
+-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy
+-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts
++Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy # St Barthélemy
++Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts # St Kitts & Nevis
+ Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Lucia
+-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas
++Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas # Virgin Islands (US)
+ Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Vincent
+-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Tortola
++Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Tortola # Virgin Islands (UK)
+
+ # Uruguay
+ # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
+@@ -1745,7 +1671,7 @@ Rule Uruguay 2005 only - Mar 27 2:00 0 -
+ # 02:00 local time, official time in Uruguay will be at GMT -2.
+ Rule Uruguay 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Uruguay 2006 only - Mar 12 2:00 0 -
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
+ # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_web/decretos/2006/09/CM%20210_08%2006%202006_00001.PDF
+ Rule Uruguay 2006 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Uruguay 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 0 -
+@@ -1760,8 +1686,8 @@ Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 - LMT 1898 Jun 28
+ # From John Stainforth (2007-11-28):
+ # ... the change for Venezuela originally expected for 2007-12-31 has
+ # been brought forward to 2007-12-09. The official announcement was
+-# published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la Republica Bolivariana
+-# de Venezuela, numero 38.819" (official document for all laws or
++# published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la República Bolivariana
++# de Venezuela, número 38.819" (official document for all laws or
+ # resolution publication)
+ # http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=72208
+
+Index: contrib/tzdata/systemv
+===================================================================
+--- contrib/tzdata/systemv (revision 273102)
++++ contrib/tzdata/systemv (working copy)
+@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
+-#
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+Index: contrib/tzdata/yearistype.sh
+===================================================================
+--- contrib/tzdata/yearistype.sh (revision 273102)
++++ contrib/tzdata/yearistype.sh (working copy)
+@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
+
+ case $#-$1 in
+ 2-|2-0*|2-*[!0-9]*)
+- echo "$0: wild year - $1" >&2
++ echo "$0: wild year: $1" >&2
+ exit 1 ;;
+ esac
+
+@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ case $#-$2 in
+ *) exit 1 ;;
+ esac ;;
+ 2-*)
+- echo "$0: wild type - $2" >&2 ;;
++ echo "$0: wild type: $2" >&2 ;;
+ esac
+
+ echo "$0: usage is $0 year even|odd|uspres|nonpres|nonuspres" >&2
+Index: contrib/tzdata/zone.tab
+===================================================================
+--- contrib/tzdata/zone.tab (revision 273102)
++++ contrib/tzdata/zone.tab (working copy)
+@@ -1,34 +1,21 @@
+-# TZ zone descriptions
++# tz zone descriptions (deprecated version)
+ #
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+ #
+-# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-14):
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
++# This file is intended as a backward-compatibility aid for older programs.
++# New programs should use zone1970.tab. This file is like zone1970.tab (see
++# zone1970.tab's comments), but with the following additional restrictions:
+ #
+-# This file contains a table where each row stands for an area that is
+-# the intersection of a region identified by a country code and of a
+-# zone where civil clocks have agreed since 1970. The columns of the
+-# table are as follows:
++# 1. This file contains only ASCII characters.
++# 2. The first data column contains exactly one country code.
+ #
+-# 1. ISO 3166 2-character country code.
+-# See the file '/usr/share/misc/iso3166.tab'.
+-# 2. Latitude and longitude of the area's principal location
+-# in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format,
+-# either +-DDMM+-DDDMM or +-DDMMSS+-DDDMMSS,
+-# first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
+-# 3. Zone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
+-# Please see the 'Theory' file for how zone names are chosen.
+-# If multiple zones overlap a country, each has a row in the
+-# table, with column 1 being duplicated.
+-# 4. Comments; present if and only if the country has multiple rows.
++# Because of (2), each row stands for an area that is the intersection
++# of a region identified by a country code and of a zone where civil
++# clocks have agreed since 1970; this is a narrower definition than
++# that of zone1970.tab.
+ #
+-# Columns are separated by a single tab.
+-# The table is sorted first by country, then an order within the country that
+-# (1) makes some geographical sense, and
+-# (2) puts the most populous areas first, where that does not contradict (1).
+-#
+-# Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
+-#
+ # This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
+ # zone data appropriate for their practical needs. It is not intended
+ # to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
+@@ -52,6 +39,7 @@ AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey Station, Bai
+ AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok Station, Lake Vostok
+ AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville Station, Terre Adelie
+ AQ -690022+0393524 Antarctica/Syowa Syowa Station, E Ongul I
++AQ -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll Station, Queen Maud Land
+ AR -3436-05827 America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
+ AR -3124-06411 America/Argentina/Cordoba most locations (CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
+ AR -2447-06525 America/Argentina/Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
+@@ -128,7 +116,7 @@ CA +4901-08816 America/Nipigon Eastern Time - Onta
+ CA +4823-08915 America/Thunder_Bay Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
+ CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern Time - east Nunavut - most locations
+ CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Eastern Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
+-CA +744144-0944945 America/Resolute Central Standard Time - Resolute, Nunavut
++CA +744144-0944945 America/Resolute Central Time - Resolute, Nunavut
+ CA +484531-0913718 America/Atikokan Eastern Standard Time - Atikokan, Ontario and Southampton I, Nunavut
+ CA +624900-0920459 America/Rankin_Inlet Central Time - central Nunavut
+ CA +4953-09709 America/Winnipeg Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
+@@ -153,13 +141,10 @@ CH +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich
+ CI +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan
+ CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga
+ CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago most locations
+-CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island & Sala y Gomez
++CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island
+ CM +0403+00942 Africa/Douala
+-CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai east China - Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, etc.
+-CN +4545+12641 Asia/Harbin Heilongjiang (except Mohe), Jilin
+-CN +2934+10635 Asia/Chongqing central China - Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Guizhou, etc.
+-CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi most of Tibet & Xinjiang
+-CN +3929+07559 Asia/Kashgar west Tibet & Xinjiang
++CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time
++CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time
+ CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota
+ CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica
+ CU +2308-08222 America/Havana
+@@ -341,23 +326,26 @@ RE -2052+05528 Indian/Reunion
+ RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest
+ RS +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade
+ RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad
+-RU +5545+03735 Europe/Moscow Moscow+00 - west Russia
++RU +554521+0373704 Europe/Moscow Moscow+00 - west Russia
++RU +4457+03406 Europe/Simferopol Moscow+00 - Crimea
+ RU +4844+04425 Europe/Volgograd Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
+-RU +5312+05009 Europe/Samara Moscow+00 - Samara, Udmurtia
++RU +5312+05009 Europe/Samara Moscow+00 (Moscow+01 after 2014-10-26) - Samara, Udmurtia
+ RU +5651+06036 Asia/Yekaterinburg Moscow+02 - Urals
+ RU +5500+07324 Asia/Omsk Moscow+03 - west Siberia
+ RU +5502+08255 Asia/Novosibirsk Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk
+-RU +5345+08707 Asia/Novokuznetsk Moscow+03 - Novokuznetsk
++RU +5345+08707 Asia/Novokuznetsk Moscow+03 (Moscow+04 after 2014-10-26) - Kemerovo
+ RU +5601+09250 Asia/Krasnoyarsk Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
+ RU +5216+10420 Asia/Irkutsk Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal
++RU +5203+11328 Asia/Chita Moscow+06 (Moscow+05 after 2014-10-26) - Zabaykalsky
+ RU +6200+12940 Asia/Yakutsk Moscow+06 - Lena River
+ RU +623923+1353314 Asia/Khandyga Moscow+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
+ RU +4310+13156 Asia/Vladivostok Moscow+07 - Amur River
+ RU +4658+14242 Asia/Sakhalin Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island
+ RU +643337+1431336 Asia/Ust-Nera Moscow+07 - Oymyakonsky
+-RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan Moscow+08 - Magadan
+-RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka Moscow+08 - Kamchatka
+-RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr Moscow+08 - Bering Sea
++RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan Moscow+08 (Moscow+07 after 2014-10-26) - Magadan
++RU +6728+15343 Asia/Srednekolymsk Moscow+08 - E Sakha, N Kuril Is
++RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Kamchatka
++RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Bering Sea
+ RW -0157+03004 Africa/Kigali
+ SA +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh
+ SB -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal
+@@ -399,7 +387,6 @@ TZ -0648+03917 Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
+ UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev most locations
+ UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Ruthenia
+ UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozh'ye, E Lugansk / Zaporizhia, E Luhansk
+-UA +4457+03406 Europe/Simferopol central Crimea
+ UG +0019+03225 Africa/Kampala
+ UM +1645-16931 Pacific/Johnston Johnston Atoll
+ UM +2813-17722 Pacific/Midway Midway Islands
+@@ -425,6 +412,7 @@ US +394421-1045903 America/Denver Mountain Time
+ US +433649-1161209 America/Boise Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
+ US +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix Mountain Standard Time - Arizona (except Navajo)
+ US +340308-1181434 America/Los_Angeles Pacific Time
++US +550737-1313435 America/Metlakatla Pacific Standard Time - Annette Island, Alaska
+ US +611305-1495401 America/Anchorage Alaska Time
+ US +581807-1342511 America/Juneau Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
+ US +571035-1351807 America/Sitka Alaska Time - southeast Alaska panhandle
+@@ -431,7 +419,6 @@ US +571035-1351807 America/Sitka Alaska Time - sou
+ US +593249-1394338 America/Yakutat Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck
+ US +643004-1652423 America/Nome Alaska Time - west Alaska
+ US +515248-1763929 America/Adak Aleutian Islands
+-US +550737-1313435 America/Metlakatla Metlakatla Time - Annette Island
+ US +211825-1575130 Pacific/Honolulu Hawaii
+ UY -3453-05611 America/Montevideo
+ UZ +3940+06648 Asia/Samarkand west Uzbekistan
+Index: contrib/tzdata/zone1970.tab
+===================================================================
+--- contrib/tzdata/zone1970.tab (revision 0)
++++ contrib/tzdata/zone1970.tab (working copy)
+@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
++# tz zone descriptions
++#
++# This file is in the public domain.
++#
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
++# This file contains a table where each row stands for a zone where
++# civil time stamps have agreed since 1970. Columns are separated by
++# a single tab. Lines beginning with '#' are comments. All text uses
++# UTF-8 encoding. The columns of the table are as follows:
++#
++# 1. The countries that overlap the zone, as a comma-separated list
++# of ISO 3166 2-character country codes.
++# See the file '/usr/share/misc/iso3166'.
++# 2. Latitude and longitude of the zone's principal location
++# in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format,
++# either +-DDMM+-DDDMM or +-DDMMSS+-DDDMMSS,
++# first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
++# 3. Zone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
++# Please see the 'Theory' file for how zone names are chosen.
++# If multiple zones overlap a country, each has a row in the
++# table, with each column 1 containing the country code.
++# 4. Comments; present if and only if a country has multiple zones.
++#
++# If a zone covers multiple countries, the most-populous city is used,
++# and that country is listed first in column 1; any other countries
++# are listed alphabetically by country code. The table is sorted
++# first by country code, then (if possible) by an order within the
++# country that (1) makes some geographical sense, and (2) puts the
++# most populous zones first, where that does not contradict (1).
++#
++# This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
++# zone data appropriate for their practical needs. It is not intended
++# to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
++#
++#country-
++#codes coordinates TZ comments
++AD +4230+00131 Europe/Andorra
++AE,OM +2518+05518 Asia/Dubai
++AF +3431+06912 Asia/Kabul
++AL +4120+01950 Europe/Tirane
++AM +4011+04430 Asia/Yerevan
++AQ -6734-06808 Antarctica/Rothera Rothera Station, Adelaide Island
++AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer Station, Anvers Island
++AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson Station, Holme Bay
++AQ -6835+07758 Antarctica/Davis Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
++AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
++AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok Station, Lake Vostok
++AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville Station, Terre Adelie
++AQ -690022+0393524 Antarctica/Syowa Syowa Station, E Ongul I
++AQ -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll Station, Queen Maud Land
++AR -3436-05827 America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
++AR -3124-06411 America/Argentina/Cordoba most locations (CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
++AR -2447-06525 America/Argentina/Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
++AR -2411-06518 America/Argentina/Jujuy Jujuy (JY)
++AR -2649-06513 America/Argentina/Tucuman Tucumán (TM)
++AR -2828-06547 America/Argentina/Catamarca Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
++AR -2926-06651 America/Argentina/La_Rioja La Rioja (LR)
++AR -3132-06831 America/Argentina/San_Juan San Juan (SJ)
++AR -3253-06849 America/Argentina/Mendoza Mendoza (MZ)
++AR -3319-06621 America/Argentina/San_Luis San Luis (SL)
++AR -5138-06913 America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos Santa Cruz (SC)
++AR -5448-06818 America/Argentina/Ushuaia Tierra del Fuego (TF)
++AS,UM -1416-17042 Pacific/Pago_Pago Samoa, Midway
++AT +4813+01620 Europe/Vienna
++AU -3133+15905 Australia/Lord_Howe Lord Howe Island
++AU -5430+15857 Antarctica/Macquarie Macquarie Island
++AU -4253+14719 Australia/Hobart Tasmania - most locations
++AU -3956+14352 Australia/Currie Tasmania - King Island
++AU -3749+14458 Australia/Melbourne Victoria
++AU -3352+15113 Australia/Sydney New South Wales - most locations
++AU -3157+14127 Australia/Broken_Hill New South Wales - Yancowinna
++AU -2728+15302 Australia/Brisbane Queensland - most locations
++AU -2016+14900 Australia/Lindeman Queensland - Holiday Islands
++AU -3455+13835 Australia/Adelaide South Australia
++AU -1228+13050 Australia/Darwin Northern Territory
++AU -3157+11551 Australia/Perth Western Australia - most locations
++AU -3143+12852 Australia/Eucla Western Australia - Eucla area
++AZ +4023+04951 Asia/Baku
++BB +1306-05937 America/Barbados
++BD +2343+09025 Asia/Dhaka
++BE +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels
++BG +4241+02319 Europe/Sofia
++BM +3217-06446 Atlantic/Bermuda
++BN +0456+11455 Asia/Brunei
++BO -1630-06809 America/La_Paz
++BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Atlantic islands
++BR -0127-04829 America/Belem Amapá, E Pará
++BR -0343-03830 America/Fortaleza NE Brazil (MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
++BR -0803-03454 America/Recife Pernambuco
++BR -0712-04812 America/Araguaina Tocantins
++BR -0940-03543 America/Maceio Alagoas, Sergipe
++BR -1259-03831 America/Bahia Bahia
++BR -2332-04637 America/Sao_Paulo S & SE Brazil (GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
++BR -2027-05437 America/Campo_Grande Mato Grosso do Sul
++BR -1535-05605 America/Cuiaba Mato Grosso
++BR -0226-05452 America/Santarem W Pará
++BR -0846-06354 America/Porto_Velho Rondônia
++BR +0249-06040 America/Boa_Vista Roraima
++BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus E Amazonas
++BR -0640-06952 America/Eirunepe W Amazonas
++BR -0958-06748 America/Rio_Branco Acre
++BS +2505-07721 America/Nassau
++BT +2728+08939 Asia/Thimphu
++BY +5354+02734 Europe/Minsk
++BZ +1730-08812 America/Belize
++CA +4734-05243 America/St_Johns Newfoundland Time, including SE Labrador
++CA +4439-06336 America/Halifax Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (most places), PEI
++CA +4612-05957 America/Glace_Bay Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia - places that did not observe DST 1966-1971
++CA +4606-06447 America/Moncton Atlantic Time - New Brunswick
++CA +5320-06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlantic Time - Labrador - most locations
++CA +5125-05707 America/Blanc-Sablon Atlantic Standard Time - Quebec - Lower North Shore
++CA +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations
++CA +4901-08816 America/Nipigon Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
++CA +4823-08915 America/Thunder_Bay Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
++CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern Time - east Nunavut - most locations
++CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Eastern Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
++CA +744144-0944945 America/Resolute Central Time - Resolute, Nunavut
++CA +484531-0913718 America/Atikokan Eastern Standard Time - Atikokan, Ontario and Southampton I, Nunavut
++CA +624900-0920459 America/Rankin_Inlet Central Time - central Nunavut
++CA +4953-09709 America/Winnipeg Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
++CA +4843-09434 America/Rainy_River Central Time - Rainy River & Fort Frances, Ontario
++CA +5024-10439 America/Regina Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - most locations
++CA +5017-10750 America/Swift_Current Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - midwest
++CA +5333-11328 America/Edmonton Mountain Time - Alberta, east British Columbia & west Saskatchewan
++CA +690650-1050310 America/Cambridge_Bay Mountain Time - west Nunavut
++CA +6227-11421 America/Yellowknife Mountain Time - central Northwest Territories
++CA +682059-1334300 America/Inuvik Mountain Time - west Northwest Territories
++CA +4906-11631 America/Creston Mountain Standard Time - Creston, British Columbia
++CA +5946-12014 America/Dawson_Creek Mountain Standard Time - Dawson Creek & Fort Saint John, British Columbia
++CA +4916-12307 America/Vancouver Pacific Time - west British Columbia
++CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse Pacific Time - south Yukon
++CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson Pacific Time - north Yukon
++CC -1210+09655 Indian/Cocos
++CH,DE,LI +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich Swiss time
++CI,BF,GM,GN,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,ST,TG +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan
++CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga
++CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago most locations
++CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island
++CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time
++CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time
++CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota
++CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica
++CU +2308-08222 America/Havana
++CV +1455-02331 Atlantic/Cape_Verde
++CW,AW,BQ,SX +1211-06900 America/Curacao
++CX -1025+10543 Indian/Christmas
++CY +3510+03322 Asia/Nicosia
++CZ,SK +5005+01426 Europe/Prague
++DE +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin Berlin time
++DK +5540+01235 Europe/Copenhagen
++DO +1828-06954 America/Santo_Domingo
++DZ +3647+00303 Africa/Algiers
++EC -0210-07950 America/Guayaquil mainland
++EC -0054-08936 Pacific/Galapagos Galápagos Islands
++EE +5925+02445 Europe/Tallinn
++EG +3003+03115 Africa/Cairo
++EH +2709-01312 Africa/El_Aaiun
++ES +4024-00341 Europe/Madrid mainland
++ES +3553-00519 Africa/Ceuta Ceuta & Melilla
++ES +2806-01524 Atlantic/Canary Canary Islands
++FI,AX +6010+02458 Europe/Helsinki
++FJ -1808+17825 Pacific/Fiji
++FK -5142-05751 Atlantic/Stanley
++FM +0725+15147 Pacific/Chuuk Chuuk (Truk) and Yap
++FM +0658+15813 Pacific/Pohnpei Pohnpei (Ponape)
++FM +0519+16259 Pacific/Kosrae Kosrae
++FO +6201-00646 Atlantic/Faroe
++FR +4852+00220 Europe/Paris
++GB,GG,IM,JE +513030-0000731 Europe/London
++GE +4143+04449 Asia/Tbilisi
++GF +0456-05220 America/Cayenne
++GH +0533-00013 Africa/Accra
++GI +3608-00521 Europe/Gibraltar
++GL +6411-05144 America/Godthab most locations
++GL +7646-01840 America/Danmarkshavn east coast, north of Scoresbysund
++GL +7029-02158 America/Scoresbysund Scoresbysund / Ittoqqortoormiit
++GL +7634-06847 America/Thule Thule / Pituffik
++GR +3758+02343 Europe/Athens
++GS -5416-03632 Atlantic/South_Georgia
++GT +1438-09031 America/Guatemala
++GU,MP +1328+14445 Pacific/Guam
++GW +1151-01535 Africa/Bissau
++GY +0648-05810 America/Guyana
++HK +2217+11409 Asia/Hong_Kong
++HN +1406-08713 America/Tegucigalpa
++HT +1832-07220 America/Port-au-Prince
++HU +4730+01905 Europe/Budapest
++ID -0610+10648 Asia/Jakarta Java & Sumatra
++ID -0002+10920 Asia/Pontianak west & central Borneo
++ID -0507+11924 Asia/Makassar east & south Borneo, Sulawesi (Celebes), Bali, Nusa Tengarra, west Timor
++ID -0232+14042 Asia/Jayapura west New Guinea (Irian Jaya) & Malukus (Moluccas)
++IE +5320-00615 Europe/Dublin
++IL +314650+0351326 Asia/Jerusalem
++IN +2232+08822 Asia/Kolkata
++IO -0720+07225 Indian/Chagos
++IQ +3321+04425 Asia/Baghdad
++IR +3540+05126 Asia/Tehran
++IS +6409-02151 Atlantic/Reykjavik
++IT,SM,VA +4154+01229 Europe/Rome
++JM +175805-0764736 America/Jamaica
++JO +3157+03556 Asia/Amman
++JP +353916+1394441 Asia/Tokyo
++KE,DJ,ER,ET,KM,MG,SO,TZ,UG,YT -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi
++KG +4254+07436 Asia/Bishkek
++KI +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilbert Islands
++KI -0308-17105 Pacific/Enderbury Phoenix Islands
++KI +0152-15720 Pacific/Kiritimati Line Islands
++KP +3901+12545 Asia/Pyongyang
++KR +3733+12658 Asia/Seoul
++KZ +4315+07657 Asia/Almaty most locations
++KZ +4448+06528 Asia/Qyzylorda Qyzylorda (Kyzylorda, Kzyl-Orda)
++KZ +5017+05710 Asia/Aqtobe Aqtobe (Aktobe)
++KZ +4431+05016 Asia/Aqtau Atyrau (Atirau, Gur'yev), Mangghystau (Mankistau)
++KZ +5113+05121 Asia/Oral West Kazakhstan
++LB +3353+03530 Asia/Beirut
++LK +0656+07951 Asia/Colombo
++LR +0618-01047 Africa/Monrovia
++LT +5441+02519 Europe/Vilnius
++LU +4936+00609 Europe/Luxembourg
++LV +5657+02406 Europe/Riga
++LY +3254+01311 Africa/Tripoli
++MA +3339-00735 Africa/Casablanca
++MC +4342+00723 Europe/Monaco
++MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau
++MH +0709+17112 Pacific/Majuro most locations
++MH +0905+16720 Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein
++MM +1647+09610 Asia/Rangoon
++MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulaanbaatar most locations
++MN +4801+09139 Asia/Hovd Bayan-Ölgii, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
++MN +4804+11430 Asia/Choibalsan Dornod, Sükhbaatar
++MO +2214+11335 Asia/Macau
++MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique
++MT +3554+01431 Europe/Malta
++MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius
++MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives
++MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Time - most locations
++MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Central Time - Quintana Roo
++MX +2058-08937 America/Merida Central Time - Campeche, Yucatán
++MX +2540-10019 America/Monterrey Mexican Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas away from US border
++MX +2550-09730 America/Matamoros US Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas near US border
++MX +2313-10625 America/Mazatlan Mountain Time - S Baja, Nayarit, Sinaloa
++MX +2838-10605 America/Chihuahua Mexican Mountain Time - Chihuahua away from US border
++MX +2934-10425 America/Ojinaga US Mountain Time - Chihuahua near US border
++MX +2904-11058 America/Hermosillo Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
++MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana US Pacific Time - Baja California near US border
++MX +3018-11452 America/Santa_Isabel Mexican Pacific Time - Baja California away from US border
++MX +2048-10515 America/Bahia_Banderas Mexican Central Time - Bahía de Banderas
++MY +0310+10142 Asia/Kuala_Lumpur peninsular Malaysia
++MY +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah & Sarawak
++MZ,BI,BW,CD,MW,RW,ZM,ZW -2558+03235 Africa/Maputo Central Africa Time (UTC+2)
++NA -2234+01706 Africa/Windhoek
++NC -2216+16627 Pacific/Noumea
++NF -2903+16758 Pacific/Norfolk
++NG,AO,BJ,CD,CF,CG,CM,GA,GQ,NE +0627+00324 Africa/Lagos West Africa Time (UTC+1)
++NI +1209-08617 America/Managua
++NL +5222+00454 Europe/Amsterdam
++NO,SJ +5955+01045 Europe/Oslo
++NP +2743+08519 Asia/Kathmandu
++NR -0031+16655 Pacific/Nauru
++NU -1901-16955 Pacific/Niue
++NZ,AQ -3652+17446 Pacific/Auckland New Zealand time
++NZ -4357-17633 Pacific/Chatham Chatham Islands
++PA,KY +0858-07932 America/Panama
++PE -1203-07703 America/Lima
++PF -1732-14934 Pacific/Tahiti Society Islands
++PF -0900-13930 Pacific/Marquesas Marquesas Islands
++PF -2308-13457 Pacific/Gambier Gambier Islands
++PG -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby
++PH +1435+12100 Asia/Manila
++PK +2452+06703 Asia/Karachi
++PL +5215+02100 Europe/Warsaw
++PM +4703-05620 America/Miquelon
++PN -2504-13005 Pacific/Pitcairn
++PR +182806-0660622 America/Puerto_Rico
++PS +3130+03428 Asia/Gaza Gaza Strip
++PS +313200+0350542 Asia/Hebron West Bank
++PT +3843-00908 Europe/Lisbon mainland
++PT +3238-01654 Atlantic/Madeira Madeira Islands
++PT +3744-02540 Atlantic/Azores Azores
++PW +0720+13429 Pacific/Palau
++PY -2516-05740 America/Asuncion
++QA,BH +2517+05132 Asia/Qatar
++RE,TF -2052+05528 Indian/Reunion Réunion, Crozet Is, Scattered Is
++RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest
++RS,BA,HR,ME,MK,SI +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade
++RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad
++RU +554521+0373704 Europe/Moscow Moscow+00 - west Russia
++RU +4457+03406 Europe/Simferopol Moscow+00 - Crimea
++RU +4844+04425 Europe/Volgograd Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
++RU +5312+05009 Europe/Samara Moscow+00 (Moscow+01 after 2014-10-26) - Samara, Udmurtia
++RU +5651+06036 Asia/Yekaterinburg Moscow+02 - Urals
++RU +5500+07324 Asia/Omsk Moscow+03 - west Siberia
++RU +5502+08255 Asia/Novosibirsk Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk
++RU +5345+08707 Asia/Novokuznetsk Moscow+03 (Moscow+04 after 2014-10-26) - Kemerovo
++RU +5601+09250 Asia/Krasnoyarsk Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
++RU +5216+10420 Asia/Irkutsk Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal
++RU +5203+11328 Asia/Chita Moscow+06 (Moscow+05 after 2014-10-26) - Zabaykalsky
++RU +6200+12940 Asia/Yakutsk Moscow+06 - Lena River
++RU +623923+1353314 Asia/Khandyga Moscow+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
++RU +4310+13156 Asia/Vladivostok Moscow+07 - Amur River
++RU +4658+14242 Asia/Sakhalin Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island
++RU +643337+1431336 Asia/Ust-Nera Moscow+07 - Oymyakonsky
++RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan Moscow+08 (Moscow+07 after 2014-10-26) - Magadan
++RU +6728+15343 Asia/Srednekolymsk Moscow+08 - E Sakha, N Kuril Is
++RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Kamchatka
++RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Bering Sea
++SA,KW,YE +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh
++SB -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal
++SC -0440+05528 Indian/Mahe
++SD,SS +1536+03232 Africa/Khartoum
++SE +5920+01803 Europe/Stockholm
++SG +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore
++SR +0550-05510 America/Paramaribo
++SV +1342-08912 America/El_Salvador
++SY +3330+03618 Asia/Damascus
++TC +2128-07108 America/Grand_Turk
++TD +1207+01503 Africa/Ndjamena
++TF -492110+0701303 Indian/Kerguelen Kerguelen, St Paul I, Amsterdam I
++TH,KH,LA,VN +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok
++TJ +3835+06848 Asia/Dushanbe
++TK -0922-17114 Pacific/Fakaofo
++TL -0833+12535 Asia/Dili
++TM +3757+05823 Asia/Ashgabat
++TN +3648+01011 Africa/Tunis
++TO -2110-17510 Pacific/Tongatapu
++TR +4101+02858 Europe/Istanbul
++TT,AG,AI,BL,DM,GD,GP,MF,LC,KN,MS,VC,VG,VI +1039-06131 America/Port_of_Spain
++TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti
++TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei
++UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev most locations
++UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Ruthenia
++UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozh'ye, E Lugansk / Zaporizhia, E Luhansk
++UM +1917+16637 Pacific/Wake Wake Island
++US +404251-0740023 America/New_York Eastern Time
++US +421953-0830245 America/Detroit Eastern Time - Michigan - most locations
++US +381515-0854534 America/Kentucky/Louisville Eastern Time - Kentucky - Louisville area
++US +364947-0845057 America/Kentucky/Monticello Eastern Time - Kentucky - Wayne County
++US +394606-0860929 America/Indiana/Indianapolis Eastern Time - Indiana - most locations
++US +384038-0873143 America/Indiana/Vincennes Eastern Time - Indiana - Daviess, Dubois, Knox & Martin Counties
++US +410305-0863611 America/Indiana/Winamac Eastern Time - Indiana - Pulaski County
++US +382232-0862041 America/Indiana/Marengo Eastern Time - Indiana - Crawford County
++US +382931-0871643 America/Indiana/Petersburg Eastern Time - Indiana - Pike County
++US +384452-0850402 America/Indiana/Vevay Eastern Time - Indiana - Switzerland County
++US +415100-0873900 America/Chicago Central Time
++US +375711-0864541 America/Indiana/Tell_City Central Time - Indiana - Perry County
++US +411745-0863730 America/Indiana/Knox Central Time - Indiana - Starke County
++US +450628-0873651 America/Menominee Central Time - Michigan - Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron & Menominee Counties
++US +470659-1011757 America/North_Dakota/Center Central Time - North Dakota - Oliver County
++US +465042-1012439 America/North_Dakota/New_Salem Central Time - North Dakota - Morton County (except Mandan area)
++US +471551-1014640 America/North_Dakota/Beulah Central Time - North Dakota - Mercer County
++US +394421-1045903 America/Denver Mountain Time
++US +433649-1161209 America/Boise Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
++US +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix Mountain Standard Time - Arizona (except Navajo)
++US +340308-1181434 America/Los_Angeles Pacific Time
++US +550737-1313435 America/Metlakatla Pacific Standard Time - Annette Island, Alaska
++US +611305-1495401 America/Anchorage Alaska Time
++US +581807-1342511 America/Juneau Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
++US +571035-1351807 America/Sitka Alaska Time - southeast Alaska panhandle
++US +593249-1394338 America/Yakutat Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck
++US +643004-1652423 America/Nome Alaska Time - west Alaska
++US +515248-1763929 America/Adak Aleutian Islands
++US,UM +211825-1575130 Pacific/Honolulu Hawaii time
++UY -3453-05611 America/Montevideo
++UZ +3940+06648 Asia/Samarkand west Uzbekistan
++UZ +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent east Uzbekistan
++VE +1030-06656 America/Caracas
++VU -1740+16825 Pacific/Efate
++WF -1318-17610 Pacific/Wallis
++WS -1350-17144 Pacific/Apia
++ZA,LS,SZ -2615+02800 Africa/Johannesburg
Property changes on: head/share/security/patches/EN-14:10/tzdata-10.0.patch
___________________________________________________________________
Added: fbsd:nokeywords
## -0,0 +1 ##
+yes
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/share/security/patches/EN-14:10/tzdata-10.0.patch.asc
===================================================================
--- head/share/security/patches/EN-14:10/tzdata-10.0.patch.asc (nonexistent)
+++ head/share/security/patches/EN-14:10/tzdata-10.0.patch.asc (revision 45862)
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
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Property changes on: head/share/security/patches/EN-14:10/tzdata-10.0.patch.asc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: fbsd:nokeywords
## -0,0 +1 ##
+yes
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/share/security/patches/EN-14:10/tzdata-8.4.patch
===================================================================
--- head/share/security/patches/EN-14:10/tzdata-8.4.patch (nonexistent)
+++ head/share/security/patches/EN-14:10/tzdata-8.4.patch (revision 45862)
@@ -0,0 +1,10523 @@
+Index: share/zoneinfo/africa
+===================================================================
+--- share/zoneinfo/africa (revision 273102)
++++ share/zoneinfo/africa (working copy)
+@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
+-#
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+@@ -6,7 +5,7 @@
+ # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
+ # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+
+-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+ #
+ # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+ # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+@@ -25,6 +24,10 @@
+ # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
+ # I found in the UCLA library.
+ #
++# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
++# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
++# .
++#
+ # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
+ # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
+ #
+@@ -31,13 +34,13 @@
+ # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
+ # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
+ # but Mark R V Murray reports that
+-# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
+-# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
+-# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
+-# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
+-# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
++# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
++# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
++# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
++# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
++# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
+ #
+-# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
++# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
+ # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
+ # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
+ # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
+@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@
+ # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
+ # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
+ # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
+-# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
++# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
+ # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
+ # until we get more information.
+ #
+@@ -116,16 +119,18 @@ Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+ # Botswana
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
++# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
++# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
++ 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
+ 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+ # Burkina Faso
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912
+- 0:00 - GMT
++# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+ # Burundi
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -153,7 +158,7 @@ Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912
+
+ # Chad
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912
++Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
+ 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
+ 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
+ 1:00 - WAT
+@@ -175,10 +180,20 @@ Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
+ Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+-# Cote D'Ivoire
++# Côte D'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
+ 0:00 - GMT
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe
++Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
+
+ # Djibouti
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -189,6 +204,11 @@ Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
+
+ # Egypt
+
++# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
++# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
++# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
++# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+@@ -218,30 +238,26 @@ Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
+ # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
+ #
+ # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
+-#
+ # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
+-#
+ # or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
+-#
+ Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
+-Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
++Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
+ # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
+ # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
+ # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
+ # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
+-Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+ # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
+ # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
+ # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
+ # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
+ # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
+-Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
+ # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
+ # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
+ # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
+@@ -275,15 +291,9 @@ Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
+ #
+ # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
+ #
+-# [1]
+-# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
+-#
+-# [2]
+-# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
+-#
+-# [3]
+-# http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
+-#
++# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
++# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
++# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
+ # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
+@@ -293,14 +303,10 @@ Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
+ # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
+ # Information and Decision Support Center:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
+-#
+ #
+ # The Middle East News Agency
+-#
+ # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
+-#
+ # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
+ # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
+ # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
+@@ -308,28 +314,97 @@ Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
+ # (at least today).
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
+-# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
++# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
+ # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
+ # Ramadan.
+ #
+ # Arabic translation:
+-# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again"
+-#
++# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
+ # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
+-#
+
+-Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 -
+-Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 23:00s 0 -
+-Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
+-Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 10 0:00 1:00 S
+-Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
++# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
++# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
++# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
+
++# From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13):
++# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
++
++# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
++# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
++# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
++# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
++# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
++# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
++# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
++# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
++# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
++# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
++# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
++# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
++# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
++# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
++# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
++# no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
++# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
++#
++# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use
++# 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at
++# 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the
++# first Friday after Ramadan. To implement this,
++# transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running
++# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated
++# by hand into the table below. Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed
++# DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff.
++# (let ((islamic-year 1436))
++# (while (< islamic-year 1460)
++# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
++# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
++# (friday 5))
++# (while (/= friday (mod a 7))
++# (setq a (1- a)))
++# (while (/= friday (mod b 7))
++# (setq b (1+ b)))
++# (setq a (1- a))
++# (setq b (1- b))
++# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
++# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
++# (insert
++# (format
++# (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
++# "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n")
++# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
++# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
++# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
++Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2014 max - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2015 2019 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jun 11 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jul 23 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jun 2 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
++
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct
++Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
+ 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
+
+ # Equatorial Guinea
+@@ -346,10 +421,15 @@ Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+ # Ethiopia
+-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
+-# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
+-# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
++# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
++# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
++# 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
++#
++# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
++# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
++# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50
++# was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data are wrong anyway.
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
+ 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
+@@ -361,28 +441,24 @@ Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+ # Gambia
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912
+- -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
+- -1:00 - WAT 1964
+- 0:00 - GMT
++# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+ # Ghana
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
+-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+-Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
+-Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
++# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
++# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
++# and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
++# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
++# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
++# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
++Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
++Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
+ 0:00 Ghana %s
+
+ # Guinea
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912
+- 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
+- -1:00 - WAT 1960
+- 0:00 - GMT
++# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+ # Guinea-Bissau
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -438,6 +514,14 @@ Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
+ # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
+ # lastFri instead of lastSun).
+
++# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
++# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
++# cancelled yesterday....
++# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
++#
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
++# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2.
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
+@@ -454,8 +538,8 @@ Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
+-Rule Libya 2013 max - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
+-Rule Libya 2013 max - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
++Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
++Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
+@@ -466,7 +550,8 @@ Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
+ 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
+ 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
+- 1:00 Libya CE%sT
++ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
++ 2:00 - EET
+
+ # Madagascar
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -481,18 +566,8 @@ Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+ # Mali
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912
+- 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
+- -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20
+- 0:00 - GMT
+-
+ # Mauritania
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912
+- 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
+- -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28
+- 0:00 - GMT
++# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+ # Mauritius
+
+@@ -516,9 +591,7 @@ Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
+ # According to
+-#
+ # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
+-#
+ # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
+ # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
+ # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
+@@ -537,18 +610,13 @@ Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
+ #
+ # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
+-# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
+-# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.
+-# ...
+-#
++# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
++# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
+-#
+
+ # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
+ # The Government of Mauritius weblink
+-#
+ # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
+-#
+ # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
+ #
+ # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
+@@ -558,7 +626,7 @@ Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
+ # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
+ # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
+-# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
++# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
+ # and end on 29 March 2009.
+
+ # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
+@@ -565,9 +633,7 @@ Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
+ # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
+ # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
+-#
+ # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
+ # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
+@@ -574,17 +640,11 @@ Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ # DST the coming summer...
+ #
+ # Some sources, in French:
+-#
+ # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
+-#
+-#
+ # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
+-#
+ #
+ # Our wrap-up:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
+-#
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
+ # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
+@@ -608,7 +668,7 @@ Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamou
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+ # Morocco
+-# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
++# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
+
+ # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
+ # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
+@@ -616,21 +676,14 @@ Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamou
+ #
+ # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
+ # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
+-# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
++# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
+-#
+-# OR
+-#
+ # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
+ # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse:
+-#
+ # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
+-#
+ #
+ # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
+ # spokesman.
+@@ -637,49 +690,30 @@ Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamou
+
+ # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
+ # According to this article:
+-#
+ # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
+-#
+-# (and republished here:
+-#
+-# http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html
+-#
+-# )
+-# the changes occurs at midnight:
++# (and republished here: )
++# the changes occur at midnight:
+ #
+-# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be
+-# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday)
+-# sunday night the 28th at midnight
++# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
++# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
++# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
+ #
+-# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
+-# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and
+-# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
+-# june1st to sept 27th.
++# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
++# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
++# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
++# June 1st to Sept 27th.
+ #
+ # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
+ # published on the web.
+ #
+ # It's also confirmed here:
+-#
+ # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
+-#
+-# on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet
+-# posted in english).
++# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
++# posted in English).
+ #
+-# The following google query will generate many relevant hits:
+-#
++# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
+ # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
+-#
+
+-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
+-# Is Western Sahara (part which administrated by Morocco) going to follow
+-# Morocco DST changes? Any information? What about other part of
+-# Western Sahara - under administration of POLISARIO Front (also named
+-# SADR Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic)?
+-
+-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-09):
+-# XXX--guess that it is only Morocco for now; guess only 2008 for now.
+-
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
+ # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
+ # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
+@@ -686,34 +720,24 @@ Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamou
+ # of September:
+ #
+ # One article about it (in French):
+-#
+ # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
+-#
+ #
+ # We have some further details posted here:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
+ # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
+ # to many sources, such as
+-#
+ # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
+-#
+ # (French)
+ #
+ # Our summary:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
+ # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
+-# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
++# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
+ #
+ # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
+ # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
+@@ -720,13 +744,8 @@ Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamou
+ # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
+ # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
+-#
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
+ # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
+@@ -734,14 +753,10 @@ Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamou
+ # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
+ #
+ # Example:
+-#
+ # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
+-#
+ # (French)
+ # Our page:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
+-#
+
+ # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
+ # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
+@@ -751,34 +766,20 @@ Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamou
+ # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
+ # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
+ # +212.537.71.84.00
+-#
+ # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
+-#
+ # They said that
+-#
+ # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
+-#
+ # is the official publication to look at.
+ # They said that the decision was already taken.
+ #
+ # More articles in the press
+-#
+-# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev
+-#
+-# e.html
+-#
++# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
+ # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
+-# anche-prochain-5538.html
+-#
+
+ # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
+ # They have it written in English here:
+-#
+ # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
+-#
+ #
+ # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
+ # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
+@@ -786,20 +787,16 @@ Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamou
+ # also been like that in the past.
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
+-# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
+-# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
+-# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
+-#
++# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
++# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
++# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
+ # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
+-#
+ # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
+ # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
+ # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
+ # except the month of Ramadan.
+ # or (brief)
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
+-#
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
+ # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
+@@ -810,17 +807,13 @@ Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamou
+
+ # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
+ # Seen Morocco change again:
+-#
+ # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
+-#
+-# "...à partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars,
+-# comme annoncé précédemment."
++# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
++# comme annoncé précédemment."
+
+ # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
+ # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
+-#
+ # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
+-#
+ #
+ # Google translation, lightly edited:
+ # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
+@@ -833,6 +826,62 @@ Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamou
+ # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
+ # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
+
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
++# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
++# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
++# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
++# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
++# .
++
++# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
++# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
++# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
++# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
++
++# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
++# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
++# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
++# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
++# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
++# source (French):
++# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
++# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
++# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
++
++# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
++# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
++
++# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
++# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
++# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST
++# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
++# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05):
++# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules,
++# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
++# Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after
++# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were
++# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
++# results integrated by hand into the table below.
++# (let ((islamic-year 1436))
++# (while (< islamic-year 1460)
++# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
++# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
++# (saturday 6))
++# (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
++# (while (/= saturday (mod b 7))
++# (setq b (1+ b)))
++# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
++# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
++# (insert
++# (format
++# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
++# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
++# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
++# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
++# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
++
+ # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+
+ Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
+@@ -853,15 +902,44 @@ Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+-Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
+-Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 -
+-Rule Morocco 2012 max - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
+-Rule Morocco 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
+-Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
+-Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 13 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 4 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 9 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 20 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 12 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 16 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 4 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 18 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 30 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 2 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 7 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 13 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 27 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 18 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 10 3:00 0 -
+
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
+@@ -868,10 +946,21 @@ Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
+ 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
+ 1:00 - CET 1986
+ 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
++
+ # Western Sahara
+-Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan
++#
++# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
++# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
++# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
++# Morocco does.
++#
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
++# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
++# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
++
++Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
+ -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
+- 0:00 - WET
++ 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
+
+ # Mozambique
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -919,15 +1008,17 @@ Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
+ Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+-# Reunion
++# Réunion
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
+- 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time
++ 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time
+ #
+-# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
++# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
++#
++# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
+ # The following information about them is taken from
+-# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
+-# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
++# Îles Éparses (, 1997-07-22,
++# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
+ # We have no info about their time zone histories.
+ #
+ # Bassas da India - uninhabited
+@@ -942,28 +1033,17 @@ Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+ # St Helena
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
+- -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
+- 0:00 - GMT
++# See Africa/Abidjan.
+ # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
+ # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
+-# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
++# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
+ # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
+ # on GMT, says the CIA
+-# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
++# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
+
+-# Sao Tome and Principe
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
+- -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
+- 0:00 - GMT
+-
++# São Tomé and Príncipe
+ # Senegal
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912
+- -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun
+- 0:00 - GMT
++# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+ # Seychelles
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -977,17 +1057,7 @@ Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
+ # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
+
+ # Sierra Leone
+-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+-Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST
+-Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT
+-Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST
+-Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882
+- -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
+- -1:00 SL %s 1957
+- 0:00 SL %s
++# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+ # Somalia
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -1010,9 +1080,9 @@ Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
+
+ # Sudan
+ #
+-# From
+-# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
+-# , also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
++# From
++# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
++# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
+ # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
+ # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
+ # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
+@@ -1028,9 +1098,7 @@ Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+ # South Sudan
+-Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:24 - LMT 1931
+- 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
+- 3:00 - EAT
++Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
+
+ # Swaziland
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -1045,14 +1113,12 @@ Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+ # Togo
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893
+- 0:00 - GMT
++# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+ # Tunisia
+
+ # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
+-# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
++# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
+ # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
+ # , in a story attributed to AP
+ # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
+@@ -1061,7 +1127,7 @@ Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
+ # Saturday." (My translation)
+ #
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
+-# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
++# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
+ #
+ # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
+ # 1h standard time.
+@@ -1075,18 +1141,12 @@ Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
+ # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
+ # (Arabic)
+-#
+ # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
+-#
+ #
+ # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
+ # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
+ # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
+@@ -1094,20 +1154,17 @@ Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
+ # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
+ #
+ # (in English)
+-#
+ # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
+-#
+ #
+ # (in Arabic)
+-#
+ # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
+-#
+
+-# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18):
+-# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact
+-# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time.
+-# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long."
+-# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
++# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
++# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
++# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
++# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
++# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
++# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
+ # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
+@@ -1119,12 +1176,8 @@ Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
+ # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
+ #
+ # (in Arabic)
+-#
+ # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
+-#
+ # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
+
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Index: share/zoneinfo/antarctica
+===================================================================
+--- share/zoneinfo/antarctica (revision 273102)
++++ share/zoneinfo/antarctica (working copy)
+@@ -1,24 +1,21 @@
+-#
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
+ # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
+-#
+ # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
+-#
++#
+ # and
+-#
+ # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
+-#
++#
+ # for information.
+ # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
+ #
+ # Except for the French entries,
+ # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
+-# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
++# FORMAT is 'zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
+
+-# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
++# These rules are stolen from the 'southamerica' file.
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+ Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+@@ -50,54 +47,24 @@ Rule ChileAQ 2009 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
+ Rule ChileAQ 2010 only - Apr Sun>=1 3:00u 0 -
+ Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - May Sun>=2 3:00u 0 -
+ Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S
+-Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 -
+-Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S
+-Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
+-Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
++Rule ChileAQ 2012 max - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 -
++Rule ChileAQ 2012 max - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S
+
+-# These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file.
+-Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
+-Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
+-Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
+-Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
+-Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
+-Rule AusAQ 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
+-Rule AusAQ 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule ATAQ 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule ATAQ 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-
+ # Argentina - year-round bases
+ # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
+-# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
+-# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
+-# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
++# Carlini, Potter Cove, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
++# Esperanza, Hope Bay, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
++# Marambio, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
+ # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
+-# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
++# San Martín, Barry I, -6808-06706, since 1951-03-21
+ # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
+
+ # Australia - territories
+ # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
+ # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
+-#
+ # Margaret Turner reports
+-# (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
++#
++# (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
+ # presumably this is when they have visitors.
+ #
+ # year-round bases
+@@ -114,20 +81,13 @@ Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S
+ # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
+ #
+ # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
+-#
+ # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
+-#
+ #
+ # We have more background information here:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
+-# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
+-# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
+-# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
+-# on 4 April.
++# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ...
+ #
+ # - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.
+ # The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but
+@@ -138,23 +98,18 @@ Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S
+ #
+ # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
+ #
+-# In addition to the Rule changes for Casey/Davis, it means that Macquarie
+-# will no longer be like Hobart and will have to have its own Zone created.
+-#
+ # Background:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
+-#
+
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969
+- 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00
+- # Western (Aus) Standard Time
++ 8:00 - AWST 2009 Oct 18 2:00
++ # Australian Western Std Time
+ 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00
+ # Casey Time
+- 8:00 - WST 2011 Oct 28 2:00
++ 8:00 - AWST 2011 Oct 28 2:00
+ 11:00 - CAST 2012 Feb 21 17:00u
+- 8:00 - WST
++ 8:00 - AWST
+ Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13
+ 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
+ 0 - zzz 1969 Feb
+@@ -167,31 +122,28 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
+ 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
+ # Mawson Time
+ 5:00 - MAWT
+-Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1911
+- 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
+- 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
+- 10:00 AusAQ EST 1967
+- 10:00 ATAQ EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00
+- 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie Island Time
+ # References:
+-#
+ # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
+-#
+-#
++#
+ # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
+-#
+-#
++#
+ # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
+-#
++#
+
++# Belgium - year-round base
++# Princess Elisabeth, Queen Maud Land, -713412+0231200, since 2007
++
+ # Brazil - year-round base
+-# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
++# Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
+
++# Bulgaria - year-round base
++# St. Kliment Ohridski, Livingston Island, -623829-0602153, since 1988
++
+ # Chile - year-round bases and towns
+ # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
+-# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
+-# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
+-# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
++# Frei Montalva, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
++# O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
++# Prat, -6230-05941
+ # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
+ # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
+
+@@ -199,20 +151,23 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
+ # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
+ # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
+
+-# France - year-round bases
++# France - year-round bases (also see "France & Italy")
+ #
+ # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
+ # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
+ # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
+-# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
+-# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
++# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adélie bases
++# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adélie supplies came
+ # from Tasmania.
+ #
+ # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
+ #
+-# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
+-# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
+-# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
++# Alfred Faure, Possession Island, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964;
++# sealing & whaling stations operated variously 1802/1911+;
++# see Indian/Reunion.
++#
++# Martin-de-Viviès, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
++# Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
+ # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
+ #
+ # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
+@@ -219,11 +174,12 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
+ # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
+ #
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
++Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Français
+ 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
+ #
+ # year-round base in the main continent
+-# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
++# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
++# (2005-12-05)
+ #
+ # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
+ # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
+@@ -233,20 +189,22 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
+ 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
+ 0 - zzz 1956 Nov
+ 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
+-# Reference:
+-#
+-# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
+-#
+
++# France & Italy - year-round base
++# Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005
++
+ # Germany - year-round base
+-# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
++# Neumayer III, -704080-0081602, since 2009
+
+-# India - year-round base
+-# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
++# India - year-round bases
++# Bharati, -692428+0761114, since 2012
++# Maitri, -704558+0114356, since 1989
+
++# Italy - year-round base (also see "France & Italy")
++# Zuchelli, Terra Nova Bay, -744140+1640647, since 1986
++
+ # Japan - year-round bases
+-# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
+-# Syowa, -690022+0393524
++# Syowa (also known as Showa), -690022+0393524, since 1957
+ #
+ # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
+ # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
+@@ -258,11 +216,11 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
+ Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
+ 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
+ # See:
+-#
+ # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
+-#
++#
+
+ # S Korea - year-round base
++# Jang Bogo, Terra Nova Bay, -743700+1641205 since 2014
+ # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
+
+ # New Zealand - claims
+@@ -270,19 +228,8 @@ Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
+ # Scott Island (never inhabited)
+ #
+ # year-round base
+-# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
+-#
+-# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
+-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
+-Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+-Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
+-Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+-Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
+-Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+-Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
+-Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+-Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++# Scott Base, Ross Island, since 1957-01.
++# See Pacific/Auckland.
+
+ # Norway - territories
+ # Bouvet (never inhabited)
+@@ -289,10 +236,42 @@ Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
+ #
+ # claims
+ # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
++#
++# year-round base
++# Troll, Queen Maud Land, -720041+0023206, since 2005-02-12
++#
++# From Paul-Inge Flakstad (2014-03-10):
++# I recently had a long dialog about this with the developer of timegenie.com.
++# In the absence of specific dates, he decided to choose some likely ones:
++# GMT +1 - From March 1 to the last Sunday in March
++# GMT +2 - From the last Sunday in March until the last Sunday in October
++# GMT +1 - From the last Sunday in October until November 7
++# GMT +0 - From November 7 until March 1
++# The dates for switching to and from UTC+0 will probably not be absolutely
++# correct, but they should be quite close to the actual dates.
++#
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-21):
++# The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tzcode 2014b or later, so as
++# suggested by Bengt-Inge Larsson comment them out for now, and approximate
++# with only UTC and CEST. Uncomment them when 2014b is more prevalent.
++#
++# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
++#Rule Troll 2005 max - Mar 1 1:00u 1:00 CET
++Rule Troll 2005 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 2:00 CEST
++#Rule Troll 2005 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 1:00 CET
++#Rule Troll 2004 max - Nov 7 1:00u 0:00 UTC
++# Remove the following line when uncommenting the above '#Rule' lines.
++Rule Troll 2004 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0:00 UTC
++# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
++Zone Antarctica/Troll 0 - zzz 2005 Feb 12
++ 0:00 Troll %s
+
+ # Poland - year-round base
+ # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
+
++# Romania - year-bound base
++# Law-Racoviță, Larsemann Hills, -692319+0762251, since 1986
++
+ # Russia - year-round bases
+ # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
+ # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
+@@ -302,8 +281,8 @@ Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
+ # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
+
+ # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
+-#
+-# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
++# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)
++# :
+ # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
+ # time as Moscow, Russia.
+ #
+@@ -310,15 +289,15 @@ Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
+ # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
+ # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
+ # what they had to say about time there:
+-# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
++# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
+ # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
+ # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
+ # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
+-# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
++# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
+ #
+ # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
+ # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
+-# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local
++# in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
+ # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
+ # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
+ # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
+@@ -330,9 +309,12 @@ Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16
+
+ # S Africa - year-round bases
+ # Marion Island, -4653+03752
+-# Sanae, -7141-00250
++# SANAE IV, Vesleskarvet, Queen Maud Land, -714022-0025026, since 1997
+
+-# UK
++# Ukraine - year-round base
++# Vernadsky (formerly Faraday), Galindez Island, -651445-0641526, since 1954
++
++# United Kingdom
+ #
+ # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
+ # South Orkney Islands
+@@ -379,17 +361,9 @@ Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
+ -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT
+ #
+ #
+-# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
+- 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT
++# McMurdo Station, Ross Island, since 1955-12
++# Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
+ #
+-# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
+-#
+-# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
+-# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
+-# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
+-#
+ # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
+ # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
+ # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
+@@ -396,7 +370,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
+ # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
+ # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
+ # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
+-# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
++# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 Degrees South.)
+ #
+ # From Susan Smith
+ # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
+@@ -410,4 +384,4 @@ Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
+ # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
+ # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
+ #
+-Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
++# See 'australasia' for Antarctica/McMurdo.
+Index: share/zoneinfo/asia
+===================================================================
+--- share/zoneinfo/asia (revision 273102)
++++ share/zoneinfo/asia (working copy)
+@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
+-#
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+@@ -6,7 +5,7 @@
+ # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
+ # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+
+-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
+ #
+ # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+ # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+@@ -25,10 +24,14 @@
+ # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
+ # I found in the UCLA library.
+ #
++# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
++# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
++# .
++#
+ # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
+ # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
+ #
+-# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
++# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
+ # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
+ # Corrections are welcome!
+ # std dst
+@@ -40,16 +43,17 @@
+ # 4:00 GST Gulf*
+ # 5:30 IST India
+ # 7:00 ICT Indochina*
+-# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
+-# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
++# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
++# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
+ # 8:00 CST China
+-# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
+-# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
++# 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
++# 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
++# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
+ # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
+ # 9:00 KST KDT Korea
+-# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
++# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
+ #
+-# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
++# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
+
+ # From Guy Harris:
+ # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
+@@ -59,7 +63,7 @@
+
+ ###############################################################################
+
+-# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
++# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
+ Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
+@@ -137,7 +141,7 @@ Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
+
+ # Bahrain
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
++Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Manamah
+ 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
+ 3:00 - AST
+
+@@ -147,13 +151,8 @@ Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
+ #
+ # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
+-#
+ # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
+-#
+ #
+ # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
+ # June
+@@ -168,17 +167,11 @@ Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
+ #
+ # Some sources:
+-#
+ # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
+-#
+-#
+ # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
+-#
+ #
+ # Our wrap-up:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
+-#
+
+ # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
+ # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
+@@ -193,13 +186,8 @@ Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ #
+ # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
+ # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
+-#
+ # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
+ # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
+@@ -208,9 +196,7 @@ Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ # "continue for an indefinite period."
+ #
+ # One of many places where it is published:
+-#
+ # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
+ # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
+@@ -217,13 +203,8 @@ Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
+ #
+ # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
+-#
+ # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
+-#
+-# and
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
+-#
+ #
+ # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
+ # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
+@@ -233,13 +214,8 @@ Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
+ # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
+ # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
+-#
+ # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
+-#
+
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
+@@ -279,9 +255,12 @@ Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar
+ 8:00 - BNT
+
+ # Burma / Myanmar
++
++# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
++
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
+- 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
++ 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
+ 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
+ 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
+@@ -302,12 +281,12 @@ Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
+ # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
+ # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
+ # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
+-# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
+-# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
++# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
++# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
+ # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
+ #
+ # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
+-# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
++# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
+ # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
+ #
+ # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
+@@ -317,15 +296,16 @@ Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
+ # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
+ # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
+
+-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+-# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
+-# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
+-# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
+-# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
+-# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
+-# pre-1980 time zones.
++# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
++# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
++# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
++# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
+
+-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
++# Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
++# this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer
++# DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
++# go with them for DST rules as follows:
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+@@ -339,7 +319,7 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+ # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
+ # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
+ #
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
+ # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
+ # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
+ # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
+@@ -350,64 +330,97 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+ # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
+ # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
+
+-# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
+-# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
+-# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
+-# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
+-# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
+-# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
+-# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
+-# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
++# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
+ #
+-# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
+-# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
+-# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
+-# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
+-# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
+-# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
+-# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
++# (1)
++# Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
++# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
++# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
++# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
++# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
++# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
++# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
++# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
++# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
++# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
++# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
++# could well have ignored any such mandate.
+ #
+-# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
+-# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
+-# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
+-# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
+-# Shanks & Pottenger.
+-
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
++# (2)
++# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
++# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
++# [undated and unknown publication location]
++# It says several things:
++# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
++# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
++# the official calendar book of 1914.
++# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
++# French docks in the 1890s, controled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
++# Obervatory and set to local mean time.
++# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
++# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
++# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
++# became used by railways as well.
++# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
++# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
++# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
++# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
++# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
++# Japanese-occupied territory.
++# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
++# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
++# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
++# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
++# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
++#
++# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
++# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
++# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
++# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
++# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8.
++#
++# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
++# this was based on what was apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
++# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
++# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
++# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
++# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
++#
++# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5
++# Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
+ # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
+-Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
+- 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
+- 8:00 - CST 1940
+- 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
+- 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
+- 8:00 PRC C%sT
+-# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
++#
++# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8
++# Asia/Shanghai
+ # most of China
+-Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
+- 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
+- 8:00 PRC C%sT
+-# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
++# This currently represents most other zones as well,
++# as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
++# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
++# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century".
++#
++# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7
++# Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
+ # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
+ # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
+ # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
+ # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
+-Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
+- 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
+- 8:00 PRC C%sT
+-# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
++#
++# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6
++# Asia/Urumqi
++# This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
++# as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
+ # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
+ # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
+ # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
+ # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
+-# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
++# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
+ # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
+ # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
+ # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
+-Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
+- 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
+- 8:00 PRC C%sT
+-# Kunlun Time
++#
++# Kunlun Time UT+5.5
++# Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
+ # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
+ # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
+ # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
+@@ -424,9 +437,9 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+ # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
+ # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
+ # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
+-# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
++# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
+ # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
+-# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
++# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
+ # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
+ #
+ # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
+@@ -438,21 +451,6 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+ # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
+ # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
+ # others moving their clocks ahead.)
+-#
+-# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
+-#
+-# The first few lines of the Google translation of
+-#
+-# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
+-#
+-# (retrieved 2009-10-13)
+-# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
+-# > 500 million yuan
+-# >
+-# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
+-# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
+-# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
+-# > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
+
+ # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
+ # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
+@@ -463,7 +461,7 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+ # 3. Urumqi...
+ # 4. Kashgar...
+ # ...
+-# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
++# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
+ # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
+ # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
+ #
+@@ -475,12 +473,61 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+ # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
+ # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
+
+-Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
+- 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
+- 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
++# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
++# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
++# http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
++
++# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
++# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
++# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
++# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
++# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
++# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
++# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
++# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
++# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
++# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
++# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
++# having the same time as Beijing.
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
++# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but
++# this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
++# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
++# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
++# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
++#
++# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
++# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
++# (2014-04-22).
++# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
++# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dyansty,
++# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
++# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
++# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
++# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
++# XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
++# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
++# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before
++# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and
++# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
++# UT+8 mandate back then.
++
++# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
++# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
++Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
++ 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
++# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
++# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
++Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
++ 6:00 - XJT
+
+
++# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
++
++# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
++
+ # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
+ # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
+ # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
+@@ -489,15 +536,11 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+ # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
+ # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
+ # obtained from
+-#
+ # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
+-# .
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
+ # Here are the dates given at
+-#
+ # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
+-#
+ # as of 2009-10-28:
+ # Year Period
+ # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
+@@ -547,7 +590,6 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+ # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
+ # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
+
+-# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
+ Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
+@@ -569,7 +611,7 @@ Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
+ Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
+ Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
++Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
+ 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
+ 8:00 HK HK%sT
+@@ -578,35 +620,113 @@ Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
+
+ # Taiwan
+
+-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
+-# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
+-# have any other information.
+-
+ # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
+-# According to Taiwan's CWB,
+-#
++# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
+ # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
+-#
+ # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
+
+-# From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07):
+-# Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page:
+-# Decade Name Start and end date
+-# Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30
+-# 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31
+-# Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31
+-# In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
+-# Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30
+-# Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30
+-# Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time
+-# Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
+-# Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time
+-# Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30
+-# Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time
++# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
++# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
++# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
++# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
++# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
++# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
++# found on Wikisource:
++# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
++# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
++# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
++# declared officially.
++#
++# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
++# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
++# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
++# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
++# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
++# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
++# (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
++# be found on Wikisource:
++# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
++#
++# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
+
++# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
++# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
++# back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
++# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
++# zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another
++# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
++# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
++# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
++# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
++# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
++# that:
++#
++# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
++# the time at 135E (GMT+9)
++#
++# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
++# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
++# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
++# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
++#
++# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
++# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
++# Time.
++#
++# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
++# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
++# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
++# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
++# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
++# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
++
++# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
++# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
++# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General
++# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
++# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
++# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
++# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more
++# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
++# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
++# would be a good one.
++# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
++# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
++
++# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
++# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
++# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
++#
++# Original Bulletin:
++#
++# (cont.)
++#
++# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
++# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
++#
++#
++#
++# Here is a brief translation:
++#
++# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
++# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
++# adption till Oct 31 midnight.
++#
++# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
++# be found from historical government announcement database.
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
++# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01
++# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
++# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
+-Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
++Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
++Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
++Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
++Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
++Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
++Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+ Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
+ Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+@@ -614,11 +734,14 @@ Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+ Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+-Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
+-Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
++Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
++Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
++# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
++Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
++ 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1
++ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 01:00
+ 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
+
+ # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
+@@ -646,6 +769,9 @@ Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
+ ###############################################################################
+
+ # Cyprus
++#
++# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
++#
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
+@@ -684,7 +810,7 @@ Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
+ # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
+ # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
+ # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
+-# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
++# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
+ # of integration into Europe.
+
+ # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
+@@ -697,10 +823,11 @@ Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
+ # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
+ # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
+
++# Milne says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7; round to nearest.)
+
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
+- 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
++Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:06 - LMT 1880
++ 2:59:06 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
+ 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
+@@ -716,10 +843,9 @@ Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
+
+ # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
+
+-# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
+-#
++# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
+ # East Timor may be late for its millennium
+-# (1999-12-26/31):
++# (1999-12-26/31):
+ # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
+ # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
+ # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
+@@ -729,9 +855,9 @@ Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
+ # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
+ # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
+
+-#
+ # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
+-# (2000-08-16):
++# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
++# (2000-08-16):
+ # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
+ # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
+ # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
+@@ -742,7 +868,7 @@ Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
+ 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
+ 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
+- 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
++ 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 00:00
+ 9:00 - TLT
+
+ # India
+@@ -773,42 +899,59 @@ Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
+ # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
+ # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
+ # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
+-# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
++# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
+ # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
+ # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
+ # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
+ # switched on 1945-09-23.
+ #
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
++# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
++# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
++# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
++# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
++# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
++# Indonesia, (2006-09-29).
++# The abbreviations are:
++#
++# WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
++# WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
++# WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
++#
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
++# Java, Sumatra
+ Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
+ # but this must be a typo.
+- 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
++ 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
+ 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
+- 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
++ 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
+- 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
+- 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
+- 7:30 - WIT 1964
+- 7:00 - WIT
++ 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
++ 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
++ 7:30 - WIB 1964
++ 7:00 - WIB
++# west and central Borneo
+ Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
+ 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
+- 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
++ 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
+- 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
+- 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
+- 7:30 - WIT 1964
+- 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
+- 7:00 - WIT
++ 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
++ 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
++ 7:30 - WIB 1964
++ 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
++ 7:00 - WIB
++# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
+ Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
+ 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
+- 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
++ 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
+- 8:00 - CIT
++ 8:00 - WITA
++# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
+ Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
+- 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
+- 9:30 - CST 1964
+- 9:00 - EIT
++ 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1
++ 9:30 - ACST 1964
++ 9:00 - WIT
+
+ # Iran
+
+@@ -873,7 +1016,7 @@ Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
+ # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
+ # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
+ #
+-# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
++# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
+ # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
+ # daylight saving time ...
+ # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
+@@ -964,17 +1107,11 @@ Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
+ # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
+ # news sources (in Arabic):
+-#
+ # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
+-#
+ #
+ # We have published a short article in English about the change:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
+-#
+
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
+@@ -983,7 +1120,7 @@ Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
+ Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
+-# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
++# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
+ #
+ Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
+@@ -1059,9 +1196,14 @@ Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
+ Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
+-Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
+
++# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
++# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
++# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
++# ends and changes to Sunday.
++Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
++Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
++
+ # From Ephraim Silverberg
+ # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
+ # and 2005-02-17):
+@@ -1198,39 +1340,21 @@ Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
+ Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
+
+-# From Ephraim Silverberg (2012-10-18):
+-# Yesterday, the Interior Ministry Committee, after more than a year
+-# past, approved sending the proposed June 2011 changes to the Time
+-# Decree Law back to the Knesset for second and third (final) votes
+-# before the upcoming elections on Jan. 22, 2013. Hence, although the
+-# changes are not yet law, they are expected to be so before February 2013.
++# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
++# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the
++# Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading
++# in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third
++# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
+ #
+-# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday in March.
+-# DST ends at 02:00 on the first Sunday after October 1, unless it occurs on the
+-# second day of the Jewish Rosh Hashana holiday, in which case DST ends a day
+-# later (i.e. at 02:00 the first Monday after October 2).
+-# [Rosh Hashana holidays are factored in until 2100.]
++# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
++# in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
+
+-# From Ephraim Silverberg (2012-11-05):
+-# The Knesset passed today (in second and final readings) the amendment to the
+-# Time Decree Law making the changes ... law.
+-
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
+-Rule Zion 2013 2026 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct Mon>=3 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2028 max - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
+-# The following rules are commented out for now, as they break older
+-# versions of zic that support only signed 32-bit timestamps, i.e.,
+-# through 2038-01-19 03:14:07 UTC.
+-#Rule Zion 2028 2053 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
+-#Rule Zion 2054 only - Oct Mon>=3 2:00 0 S
+-#Rule Zion 2055 2080 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
+-#Rule Zion 2081 only - Oct Mon>=3 2:00 0 S
+-#Rule Zion 2082 max - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
++Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
++Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
+ 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
+ 2:00 Zion I%sT
+
+@@ -1240,12 +1364,12 @@ Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
+
+ # Japan
+
+-# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
++# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
+ # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
+-# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
+-# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
++# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
++# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
+
+ # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
+ # :
+@@ -1272,7 +1396,7 @@ Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+
+ # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
+ # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
+-# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
++# Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
+ # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
+ # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
+ # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
+@@ -1280,10 +1404,10 @@ Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+
+ # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
+ # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
+-# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
++# which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
+ # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
+ # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
+-# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
++# time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
+ # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
+ # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
+ # standard....
+@@ -1291,27 +1415,33 @@ Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+ # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
+ # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
+
+-# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
+-# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
+-# ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
++# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
++# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
++# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
++# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
++#
++# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
++# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
++# Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
++# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
+
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
+- 9:00 - JST 1896
+- 9:00 - CJT 1938
++ 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1
++ 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
+ 9:00 Japan J%sT
+ # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
+
+ # Jordan
+ #
+-# From
+-# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
++# From
++# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
+ # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
+ # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
+ # all year round.
+ #
+-# From
+-# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
++# From
++# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
+ # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
+ # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
+ # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
+@@ -1329,27 +1459,9 @@ Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
+ # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
+ #
+
+-# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
+-# ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
+-# Jordan.
+-# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
+-# saving
+-# time on the last Thursday in March.
+-#
+-# Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
+-#
+-# However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan
+-# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
+-# Please see
+-#
+-# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11
+-#
+-
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
+ # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
+-#
+ # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
+-#
+ #
+ # Google's translation:
+ #
+@@ -1367,11 +1479,23 @@ Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
+ # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
+ # until about the same time next year (at least).
+ # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
+-#
+-# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-25):
+-# For now, assume this is just a one-year measure. If it becomes
+-# permanent, we should move Jordan from EET to AST effective tomorrow.
+
++# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
++# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
++# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
++# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
++# Official, in Arabic:
++# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
++# ... Our background/permalink about it
++# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
++# ...
++# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
++# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
++# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
++# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+@@ -1396,12 +1520,14 @@ Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
+ Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+ Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
+ Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
+-Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
+ Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
+ Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
+ Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
+-Rule Jordan 2013 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
++Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
++Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
+ 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
+@@ -1426,9 +1552,8 @@ Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
+ # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
+ # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
+
+-#
+-# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
+-#
++# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11
++# (2005-03-21):
+ # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
+ # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
+ # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
+@@ -1542,11 +1667,19 @@ Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
+ Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
+
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-01):
++# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger, except that I
++# guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
++# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
++# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
++
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
+ 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
+- 9:00 - KST 1928
++ 9:00 - JCST 1928
+ 8:30 - KST 1932
++ 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
++ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
+ 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
+ 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
+ 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
+@@ -1553,8 +1686,10 @@ Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
+ 9:00 ROK K%sT
+ Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
+ 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
+- 9:00 - KST 1928
++ 9:00 - JCST 1928
+ 8:30 - KST 1932
++ 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
++ 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
+ 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
+ 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
+ 9:00 - KST
+@@ -1563,14 +1698,6 @@ Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
+
+ # Kuwait
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
+-# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
+-# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
+-# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
+-# .
+-# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
+-# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
+-# so for now we assume no DST.
+ Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
+ 3:00 - AST
+
+@@ -1651,15 +1778,14 @@ Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
+ # Mongolia
+
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
+-# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
+-# both say that it has just one.
++# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
++# (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
+
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
+-#
+ # General Information Mongolia
+-# (1999-09)
++# (1999-09)
+ # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
+-# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
++# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
+ # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
+ # eight hours."
+
+@@ -1670,7 +1796,7 @@ Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
+ # of implementation may have been different....
+ # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
+ # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
+-# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
++# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
+ # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
+@@ -1684,10 +1810,10 @@ Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
+ # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
+ # there are three time zones.
+ #
+-# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
+-# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
+-# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
+-# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
++# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
++# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
++# Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
++# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
+ #
+ # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
+
+@@ -1704,7 +1830,7 @@ Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
+ # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
+ # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
+ # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
+-# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
++# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
+ # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
+ # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
+ # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
+@@ -1713,7 +1839,7 @@ Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
+ # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
+ # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
+ # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
+-# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
++# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
+ # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
+ # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
+ # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
+@@ -1729,12 +1855,8 @@ Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
+ # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
+ # database on this, e.g.:
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
+-#
+ #
+ # both say GMT+08:00.
+
+@@ -1741,17 +1863,15 @@ Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
+ # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
+ # schedule here:
+-#
+ # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
+-#
+ # (click the English flag for English)
+ #
+-# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
++# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
+ # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
+-# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
+-# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
++# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
++# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
+ # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
+-# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
++# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
+ # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
+@@ -1767,7 +1887,7 @@ Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+ # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
+ #
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
+-# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
++# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
+ # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
+ # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
+ # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
+@@ -1804,8 +1924,11 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
+
+ # Oman
++
++# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.
++
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
++Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920
+ 4:00 - GST
+
+ # Pakistan
+@@ -1818,7 +1941,7 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
+-# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
++# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
+ # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
+ # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
+ # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
+@@ -1855,13 +1978,8 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ # moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
+ # ...."
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
+-#
+-# OR
+-#
+ # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
+-#
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
+ # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
+@@ -1868,16 +1986,11 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
+ # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
+-# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
++# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
+ # instead of August 31.
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
+-#
+-# OR
+-#
+ # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
+ # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
+@@ -1884,9 +1997,7 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
+ # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
+ # official working."
+-#
+ # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
+-#
+ #
+ # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
+ # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
+@@ -1894,15 +2005,8 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
+ # April 08, 2009
+ # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
+-#
+ # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
+-#
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
+-#
+ #
+ # ....
+ # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
+@@ -1915,9 +2019,7 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
+ # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
+ # this regard."
+-#
+ # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
+ # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
+@@ -1925,13 +2027,8 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ # 1, 2009.
+ #
+ # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
+-#
+ # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
+ # Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
+@@ -1940,9 +2037,7 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ # > 1, 2009.
+ #
+ # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
+-#
+ # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
+-#
+ # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
+ # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
+ # Monday."
+@@ -1954,11 +2049,9 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ #
+ # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
+ # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
+-#
+
+-# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
++# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
+ # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
+ # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
+
+@@ -1974,14 +2067,10 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
+ #
+ # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
+-#
+ # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
+-#
+ #
+ # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
+-#
+ # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
+-#
+
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
+@@ -2063,10 +2152,9 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
+-# Daoud Kuttab writes in
+-#
+-# Holiday havoc
+-# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
++# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
++#
++# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
+ # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
+ # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
+ # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
+@@ -2079,7 +2167,7 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
+ # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
+ # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
+-# earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
++# earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
+ # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
+@@ -2098,7 +2186,7 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
+ # because of the Ramadan.
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
+ # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
+ # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
+
+@@ -2115,16 +2203,9 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
+ # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
+ # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
+@@ -2132,15 +2213,10 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
+ #
+ # (in Arabic)
+-#
+ # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
+-#
+ #
+-# or
+ # (English translation)
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
+ # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
+@@ -2147,9 +2223,7 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
+ #
+ # One news source:
+-#
+ # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
+-#
+ # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
+ # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
+ # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
+@@ -2158,9 +2232,7 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ #
+ # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
+ # end date, we will keep this page updated:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
+ # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
+@@ -2170,13 +2242,8 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ #
+ # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
+ # (from Palestinian National Authority):
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
+ # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
+@@ -2183,14 +2250,9 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
+ # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
+ #
+-#
+ # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
+-#
+ # (in Arabic)
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
+ # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
+@@ -2197,9 +2259,7 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
+ # noon though:
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
+-#
+ # (Ma'an News Agency)
+ # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
+ # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
+@@ -2206,15 +2266,11 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
+ # According to several sources, including
+-#
+ # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
+-#
+ # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
+ # Gaza and the West Bank.
+ # Some more background info:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
+ # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
+@@ -2222,13 +2278,9 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
+ # Ramadan.
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
+-#
+ # Additional info:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
+ # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
+@@ -2238,14 +2290,9 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
+ # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
+ # ...
+-#
+ # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
+-#
+-# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
++# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
+ # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
+@@ -2253,33 +2300,43 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
+ #
+ # Many sources, including:
+-#
+ # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
+ # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
+ # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
+ # Some of many sources in Arabic:
+-#
+ # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
+-#
+ #
+-#
+ # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
+-#
+ #
+ # Our brief summary:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
+-#
+
+-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
+-# The timeanddate article for 2012 says that "the end date has not yet been
+-# announced" and that "Last year, both...paused daylight saving time during...
+-# Ramadan. It is not yet known [for] 2012."
+-# For now, assume both switch back on the last Friday in September. XXX
++# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
++# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
++# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
++# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
++# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
++# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
+
++# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
++# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
++# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
++# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
++# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
++# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
++# official source...:
++# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-24):
++# For future dates, guess the last Thursday in March at 24:00 through
++# the first Friday on or after September 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with
++# the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs,
++# which are for Gaza and Hebron respectively:
++# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=702
++# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=2364
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+@@ -2292,20 +2349,22 @@ Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
+ Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
+-Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
++Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
+-Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 0:00 0 -
+-Rule Palestine 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
+-Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 -
+-Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar lastSat 0:01 1:00 S
++Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
++Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
++Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
++Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
++Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
++Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
++Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
++Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
++Rule Palestine 2012 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
++Rule Palestine 2013 max - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
+
+-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-09-20):
+-# 2011 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2011-09-20.
+-# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-12):
+-# 2012 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2012-10-12.
+-
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
+ 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
+@@ -2312,11 +2371,13 @@ Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
+ 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
+ 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
+ 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
+- 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 2 12:01
+- 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1
+- 2:00 - EET 2012 Mar 30
+- 2:00 1:00 EEST 2012 Sep 21 1:00
+- 2:00 - EET
++ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
++ 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
++ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
++ 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
++ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
++ 2:00 - EET 2012
++ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
+
+ Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
+ 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
+@@ -2323,24 +2384,17 @@ Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
+ 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
+ 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
+ 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
+- 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug
+- 2:00 1:00 EEST 2008 Sep
+- 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 1 12:01
+- 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1
+- 2:00 - EET 2011 Aug 30
+- 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Sep 30 3:00
+- 2:00 - EET 2012 Mar 30
+- 2:00 1:00 EEST 2012 Sep 21 1:00
+- 2:00 - EET
++ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
+
+ # Paracel Is
+ # no information
+
+ # Philippines
+-# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
++# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
+ # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
+-# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
+-# transcript of the decree in .
++# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
++# History of the International Date Line
++# .
+ # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
+@@ -2350,7 +2404,7 @@ Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
+ # .
+ # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
+ #
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
+ # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
+ # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
+ # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
+@@ -2377,8 +2431,29 @@ Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / D
+ 3:00 - AST
+
+ # Saudi Arabia
++#
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
++# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
++# standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
++# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
++# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
++# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
++# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
++# o'clock for "Arab" time).
++#
++# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
++# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
++# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
++# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
++# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
++# earlier date.
++#
++# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
++# time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of
++# the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
++#
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
++Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
+ 3:00 - AST
+
+ # Singapore
+@@ -2400,22 +2475,27 @@ Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
+ # no information
+
+ # Sri Lanka
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
++# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
++# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
++# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
++# Shanks and Pottenger.
++
+ # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
+ # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
+-# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
++# (, 1996-05-24,
+ # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
+-# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
+-# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
++# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
++# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
+ #
+ # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
+-# by Shamindra in
+-#
+-# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
+-# :
++# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
++# (1996-10-26):
+ # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
+ # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
+ # (2006-04-13):
+ # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
+ # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
+@@ -2435,7 +2515,7 @@ Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
+ # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
+ # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
+ #
+-# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
++# I recollect before the recent change the government announcements
+ # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
+ # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
+ #
+@@ -2445,7 +2525,7 @@ Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
+ # item....
+ #
+ # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
+-# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
++# administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
+ # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
+ # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
+ # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
+@@ -2517,16 +2597,16 @@ Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+ # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
+ # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
+ Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
+-# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
+ # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
+-# not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or
+-# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
++# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
++# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
+ # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
+ # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
+ # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
+ #
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
+-# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
++# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
+ #
+ # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
+ # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
+@@ -2555,9 +2635,8 @@ Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
+ # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
+ # Agency (SANA)...
+-#
+ # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
+-# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
++# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
+ # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
+ # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
+ # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
+@@ -2564,7 +2643,7 @@ Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
+ # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
+-# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
++# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
+ # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
+ # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
+ # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
+@@ -2577,37 +2656,27 @@ Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
+ # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
+ # clocks back 60 minutes).
+ #
+-#
+ # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
+ # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
+ # two examples:
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
+-#
+ # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
+-#
+ # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
+-#
+ # (Arabic, gov-site)
+ #
+ # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
+ #
+ # Our summary
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
+ # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
+ # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
+ # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
+-#
+ # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
+-#
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
+ # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
+@@ -2618,9 +2687,7 @@ Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
+ # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
+ # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
+ # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
+-#
+ # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
+ # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
+@@ -2627,14 +2694,10 @@ Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
+ # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
+ #
+ # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
+-#
+ # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
+-#
+ #
+ # Our brief summary:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
+-#
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
+ # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
+@@ -2690,7 +2753,8 @@ Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
+ 5:00 - UZT
+-Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
++# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
++Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
+@@ -2699,9 +2763,15 @@ Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
+
+ # Vietnam
+
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
++# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
++# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
++# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
++# and Pottenger.
++
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
+-# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
+-# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
++# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
++# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
+
+ # From Shanks & Pottenger:
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -2712,6 +2782,10 @@ Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
+ 7:00 - ICT
+
+ # Yemen
++
++# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
++# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
++
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
++Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950
+ 3:00 - AST
+Index: share/zoneinfo/australasia
+===================================================================
+--- share/zoneinfo/australasia (revision 273102)
++++ share/zoneinfo/australasia (working copy)
+@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
+-#
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+@@ -13,13 +12,13 @@
+ # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
+
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
+-Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
+-Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
+-Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
+-Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
+-Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
+-Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
++Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D
++Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S
++Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D
++Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S
++Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D
++Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
++Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D
+ # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
+ # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
+ # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
+@@ -27,26 +26,26 @@
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ # Northern Territory
+ Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
+- 9:00 - CST 1899 May
+- 9:30 Aus CST
++ 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
++ 9:30 Aus AC%sT
+ # Western Australia
+ #
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
++Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+ Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
+- 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
+- 8:00 AW WST
++ 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul
++ 8:00 AW AW%sT
+ Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
+- 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul
+- 8:45 AW CWST
++ 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul
++ 8:45 AW ACW%sT
+
+ # Queensland
+ #
+@@ -62,42 +61,42 @@ Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
+ # so use Lindeman.
+ #
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
++Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+ Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
+- 10:00 Aus EST 1971
+- 10:00 AQ EST
++ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
++ 10:00 AQ AE%sT
+ Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
+- 10:00 Aus EST 1971
+- 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
+- 10:00 Holiday EST
++ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
++ 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul
++ 10:00 Holiday AE%sT
+
+ # South Australia
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
++Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
+- 9:00 - CST 1899 May
+- 9:30 Aus CST 1971
+- 9:30 AS CST
++ 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
++ 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
++ 9:30 AS AC%sT
+
+ # Tasmania
+ #
+@@ -106,106 +105,106 @@ Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
+ # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
+ #
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
++Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
+- 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
+- 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
+- 10:00 Aus EST 1967
+- 10:00 AT EST
++ 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
++ 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
++ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
++ 10:00 AT AE%sT
+ Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
+- 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
+- 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
+- 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul
+- 10:00 AT EST
++ 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
++ 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
++ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul
++ 10:00 AT AE%sT
+
+ # Victoria
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
++Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
+- 10:00 Aus EST 1971
+- 10:00 AV EST
++ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
++ 10:00 AV AE%sT
+
+ # New South Wales
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
++Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
++Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
+- 10:00 Aus EST 1971
+- 10:00 AN EST
++ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
++ 10:00 AN AE%sT
+ Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
+- 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
+- 9:00 - CST 1899 May
+- 9:30 Aus CST 1971
+- 9:30 AN CST 2000
+- 9:30 AS CST
++ 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23
++ 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
++ 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
++ 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000
++ 9:30 AS AC%sT
+
+ # Lord Howe Island
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
+-Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
+-Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
+-Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
+-Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
+-Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
+-Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
+-Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
+-Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
+-Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
+-Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
+-Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
+-Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
+-Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
++Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
++Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
++Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
++Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
++Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D
++Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
++Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
++Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
++Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
++Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
++Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
++Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
++Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
++Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D
+ Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
+- 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
+- 10:30 LH LHST
++ 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar
++ 10:30 LH LH%sT
+
+ # Australian miscellany
+ #
+@@ -218,9 +217,32 @@ Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
+ # no times are set
+ #
+ # Macquarie
+-# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
+-# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
+-# like Australia/Hobart
++# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
++# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
++# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
++#
++# .
++# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
++#
++# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
++# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
++# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
++# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
++# on 4 April.
++#
++# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
++# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
++# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
++# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
++# pre-2013 versions of localtime.
++Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov
++ 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
++ 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
++ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
++ 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25
++ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
++ 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00
++ 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time
+
+ # Christmas
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -227,18 +249,7 @@ Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
+ Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
+ 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
+
+-# Cook Is
+-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
+-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
+-Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+-Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
+- -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
+- -10:00 Cook CK%sT
+-
+-# Cocos
++# Cocos (Keeling) Is
+ # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
+ # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -245,26 +256,23 @@ Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
+ Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
+ 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
+
++
+ # Fiji
++
++# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
++
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
+ # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
+ # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
+ #
+ # "Daylight savings to commence this month"
+-#
+ # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
+ # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
+ # amendments:
+-#
+ # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
+ # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
+@@ -273,14 +281,10 @@ Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
+ # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
+ #
+ # Official source:
+-#
+ # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
+-#
+ #
+ # A bit more background info here:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
+ # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
+@@ -287,21 +291,14 @@ Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
+ # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
+ # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
+ # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
+-#
+ # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
+ # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
+ # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
+ #
+-#
+-# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
+-#
++# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
+ # which says
+ # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
+ # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
+@@ -311,9 +308,7 @@ Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
+ # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
+ # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
+-#
+ # states:
+ #
+ # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
+@@ -326,20 +321,32 @@ Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
+ # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
+ # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
+ # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
+-#
+-# From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31):
+-# For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January.
+
++# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
++# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ...
++# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
++# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
++
++# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):
++# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
++# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-01-10):
++# For now, guess that Fiji springs forward the Sunday before the fourth
++# Monday in October, and springs back the penultimate Sunday in January.
++# This is ad hoc, but matches recent practice.
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
+ Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
+-Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
+-Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
++Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
++Rule Fiji 2014 max - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
++Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
+ 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
+
+ # French Polynesia
+@@ -418,7 +425,7 @@ Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
+ Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
++Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
+ 11:00 NC NC%sT
+
+
+@@ -435,7 +442,8 @@ Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
+ Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
+ Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
+ # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
+-# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
++# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition
++# so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
+ Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+ Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
+ Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+@@ -458,12 +466,14 @@ Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
+ Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
+ 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
+ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
+-Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1
++Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
++ 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1
+ 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
+
++Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
+
+ # Auckland Is
+-# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
++# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
+ # and scientific personnel have wintered
+
+ # Campbell I
+@@ -472,6 +482,17 @@ Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
+ # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
+ # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
+
++# Cook Is
++# From Shanks & Pottenger:
++# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
++Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
++Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
++Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
++# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
++Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
++ -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
++ -10:00 Cook CK%sT
++
+ ###############################################################################
+
+
+@@ -508,12 +529,11 @@ Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adams
+ # American Samoa
+ Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
+ -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
+- -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
+ -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
+ -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
+ -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
+
+-# Samoa
++# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
+ # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
+@@ -524,21 +544,15 @@ Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
+ # Sunday of April 2011."
+ #
+ # Background info:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
+-#
+ #
+ # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
+ # contain any dates:
+-#
+ # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
+-#
+
+ # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
+ # Please see
+-#
+ # http://www.mcil.gov.ws
+-# ,
+ # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
+ # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
+ # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
+@@ -545,114 +559,59 @@ Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
+ # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
+
+ # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
+-# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website
+-#
+-# www.mcil.gov.ws
+-#
++# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
+ #
+-# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME
+-#
+-# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision,
+-# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight
+-# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11).
+-#
+-# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes
+-# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011,
+-# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be
+-# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
+-#
+-# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,
+-# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011
++# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
++# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
++# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
++# (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
+
+-# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09):
++# From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
+ # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
+-#
+
+-# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17):
+-# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law
+-# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she
+-# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather
+-# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But
+-# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa
+-# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13:
+-#
+-# International Date Line Bill 2011
+-#
+-# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make
+-# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date
+-# Line, and for related purposes.
+-#
+-# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament
+-# assembled as follows:
+-#
+-# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the
+-# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act
+-# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3)
+-# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State.
+-#
+-# [snip]
+-#
+-# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any
+-# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the
+-# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time.
+-#
+-# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa
+-# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated
+-# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's
+-# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and
+-# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to
+-# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this
+-# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that
+-# it defines Samoa standard time....
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
++# The International Date Line Act 2011
++# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
++# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
++# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted
++# accordingly.
+
+ # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
+-#
+ # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
+-#
+ #
+ # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
+ #
+ # DST
+-# Year End Time Start Time
+-# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
+-# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
++# Year End Time Start Time
++# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
++# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
+ #
+ # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
+ # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
+ # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
+ #
+-# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03):
+-# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012
+-# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on
+-# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below.
+-#
+-# From Nicky (2012-09-10):
++# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
+ # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
+-# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.
+-#
+-# Please find link below for more information.
++# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
+ # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
+ #
+-# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well
+-# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the
+-# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue.
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
++# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
++# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
+
+-# Western Samoa
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
++Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D
++Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S
++Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D
++Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S
+ Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
+-Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 -
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
+ -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
+- -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
+- -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26
+- -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00
+- -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00
+- -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30
+- 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00
++ -11:30 - WSST 1950
++ -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa
+ 13:00 WS WS%sT
+
+ # Solomon Is
+@@ -710,7 +669,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
+ # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
+ # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
+ # uninhabited thereafter.
+-# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;
++# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937;
+ # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
+ # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
+ # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
+@@ -723,8 +682,32 @@ Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
+ # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
+
+ # Johnston
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
++#
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11):
++# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
++# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
++# treat it like Hawaii for now.
++#
++# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
++# (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
++# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
++# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and
++# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
++#
++# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):
++# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
++# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
++# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the
++# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
++# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
++# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
++# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976
++# .
++# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
++# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
++# Minus One Hour".
++#
++# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston.
+
+ # Kingman
+ # uninhabited
+@@ -782,7 +765,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
+ # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+
+-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+ # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+ # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+ # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+@@ -800,155 +783,182 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
+ # I found in the UCLA library.
+ #
++# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
++# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
++# .
++#
+ # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
+ # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
+ #
+-# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
++# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
+ # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
+ # Corrections are welcome!
+-# std dst
+-# LMT Local Mean Time
+-# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
+-# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
+-# 9:00 JST Japan
+-# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
+-# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
+-# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
+-# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
+-# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
+-# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
+-# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
+-# -11:00 SST Samoa
+-# -10:00 HST Hawaii
+-# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
++# std dst
++# LMT Local Mean Time
++# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
++# 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia*
++# 9:00 JST Japan
++# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
++# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
++# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
++# 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe*
++# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
++# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
++# 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945*
++# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present*
++# 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present*
++# -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950*
++# -11:00 SST Samoa
++# -10:00 HST Hawaii
++# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
+ #
+-# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
+-# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
++# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
++# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
+
+ ###############################################################################
+
+ # Australia
+
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
++# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
++# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
++# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
++# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
++# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
++# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
++# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
++# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
++# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
++# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
++# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
++
+ # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
+-#
+ # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
+-# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
++#
++# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
+-#
+ # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
+-# covers New South Wales in particular.
++#
++# covers New South Wales in particular.
+
+ # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
+-# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
+-# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
+-# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
++# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
++# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
++# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
+ # abbreviation does _not_ change...
+ # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
+ # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
+ # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
+-# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
++# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight
+ # time'.
+ # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
+-# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
+-# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
++# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time'
++# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
+ # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
+ # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
+-# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
++# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times;
+ # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
+
+-# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
+-# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
+-# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
+-# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
+-# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
+-
+-# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
+-# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
+-#
+-# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
+-#
+-
+-# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
+-# versus "AEST" etc.:
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+ #
+-# I see the following points of dispute:
++# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
++# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
++# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
++# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
++# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
++# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
++# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
++# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web
++# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
++# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
++# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
++# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:
+ #
+-# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
++# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
++# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
++# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
++# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
++# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
++# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
++# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
++# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
++# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
++# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au
+ #
+-# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
+-# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
+-# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
+-# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
+-# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
+-# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
+-# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
+-# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
++# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
++# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au
+ #
+-# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
+-# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
+-# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
+-# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
++# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
++# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages
++# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
++# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:
+ #
+-# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
++# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
++# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au
+ #
+-# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
+-# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
+-# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
+-# Time, for example.
++# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
++# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
++# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
++# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers
++# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
++# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
++# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).
+ #
+-# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
+-# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
+-# tiebreaker.
++# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
++# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search
++# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
++# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
++# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
++# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
++# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
++# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not
++# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
++# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
++# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
++# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
++# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
++# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."
+ #
+-# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
+-# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
+-# the word "Australian"?
++# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree:
+ #
+-# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
+-# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
+-# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
+-# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
+-# following count of page hits:
++# The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
++# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
++# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
++# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
+ #
+-# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
+-# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
+-# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
+-# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
++# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
++# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
++# EST CST WST EDT CDT
+ #
+-# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
+-# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
+-# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
+-# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
++# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
++# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
++# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)
+ #
+-# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
+-# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
+-# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
+-# are the hit counts anyway:
++# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
++# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
++# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
+ #
+-# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
+-# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
+-# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
+-# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
++# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
++# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
++# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used
+ #
+-# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
+-# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
+-# 176 "ACST" and domain:au
+-# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
++# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
++# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
++# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
++# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
++# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
++# appear in reports of events with international implications.
+ #
+-# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
+-# 68 "AWST" and domain:au
+-#
+-# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
+-# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
+-# the ambiguities involved.
+-#
+-# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
+-#
+-# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
+-# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
+-# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
+-# understood in Australia.
++# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
++# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
++# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
++# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
++# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
++# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
++# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current
++# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
++# "AEDT" for Australian time zones.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
+ # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
+@@ -955,7 +965,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
+ # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
+ # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
+-# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
++# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time.
+ # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
+
+ # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
+@@ -965,17 +975,14 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # relevant entries in this database.
+ #
+ # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
+-#
+ # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
+-#
++#
+ # ACT
+-#
+ # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
+-#
++#
+ # SA
+-#
+ # Standard Time Act, 1898
+-#
++#
+
+ # From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
+ # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
+@@ -993,7 +1000,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
+ # allude to it.
+ # But not Queensland
+-# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
++# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html
+
+ # Northern Territory
+
+@@ -1040,9 +1047,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
+ # it matches what was used in the past.
+
+-#
+ # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
+-# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
++#
++# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
+ # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
+
+ # Queensland
+@@ -1083,7 +1090,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
+
+ # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
+-# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
++# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
+ # WA are trialing DST for three years.
+ #
+
+@@ -1247,7 +1254,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # Based on law library research by John Mackin,
+ # who notes:
+ # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
+-# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
++# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
+ # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
+ # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
+ # legislation. This is very important to understand.
+@@ -1256,47 +1263,42 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
+ # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
+ # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
+-#
+ # Two months more daylight saving
+-#
+-# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
++# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26)
++# ]
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
+ # See the following official NSW source:
+-#
+ # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
+-#
++#
+ #
+ # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
+ # daylight saving next year. See:
+-#
+ # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
+-# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
++#
++# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
+ #
+ # Victoria will following NSW. See:
+-#
+-# Vic to extend daylight saving
+-# (1999-07-28).
++# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
++#
+ #
+ # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
+-#
+-# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
+-# (1999-07-19).
++# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
++#
+ #
+ # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
+-#
+ # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
+-# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
+-# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
++#
++# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
++# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
+ # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
+ # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
+ # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
+-# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
++# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
+ #
+ # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
+-#
+-# Broken Hill to be behind the times
+-# (1999-07-21).
++# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
++#
+
+ # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
+ # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
+@@ -1312,7 +1314,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # Yancowinna
+
+ # From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
+-# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
++# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
+
+ # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
+ # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
+@@ -1369,9 +1371,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # summer (southern hemisphere).
+ #
+ # From
+-#
+ # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
+-#
+ # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
+ # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
+ # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
+@@ -1381,9 +1381,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
+ #
+ # We have a wrap-up here:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
+-#
+ ###############################################################################
+
+ # New Zealand
+@@ -1392,7 +1390,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
+ # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
+ # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
+-# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
++# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
+
+ # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
+ # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
+@@ -1434,6 +1432,19 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
+ # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
+
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
++# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
++# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26)
++# .
++# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
++# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
++# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
++# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
++# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
++# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
++# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
++# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
++
+ ###############################################################################
+
+
+@@ -1451,26 +1462,22 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
+ # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
+
+-# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
+-# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
+-# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
+-# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
+-# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
+-# millenium.
++# From the BBC World Service in
++# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
++# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
++# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
++# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
++# of the new millennium.
+
+ # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
+ # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
+
+-# Johnston
+
+-# Johnston data is from usno1995.
+-
+-
+ # Kiribati
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
+ # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
+-# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
++# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
+ # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
+
+
+@@ -1485,8 +1492,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+
+ # N Mariana Is, Guam
+
+-# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
+-# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
++# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
++# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
+ # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
+ # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
+ # see Asia/Manila.
+@@ -1500,8 +1507,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # Micronesia
+
+ # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
+-# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
+-# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
++# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
++# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
+ #
+ # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
+ # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
+@@ -1508,9 +1515,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
+ # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
+-#
+-# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
+-# (1999-01-26)
++# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
++#
+ # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
+ # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
+
+@@ -1556,26 +1562,33 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
+
+
+-# Samoa
++# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
+
+ # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
+ # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
+-# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
+-# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
+-# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
++# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
++# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
++# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
+
++# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30
++# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11
++# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
++# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
++# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950,
++# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
++# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
++# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
+
+ # Tonga
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
+-# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
+-# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
++# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
++# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
+ # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
+
+ # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
+-#
+-# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
+-# :
++# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins'
++# :
+
+ # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
+ # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
+@@ -1584,8 +1597,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
+ # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
+ #
+-# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
+-# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
++# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
++# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
+ # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
+ #
+ # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
+@@ -1601,7 +1614,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
+
+ # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
+-# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
++# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
+ # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
+ # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
+ # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
+@@ -1611,9 +1624,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # * Tonga will introduce DST in November
+ #
+ # I was given this link by John Letts:
+-#
+ # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
+-#
+ #
+ # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
+ # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
+@@ -1621,9 +1632,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # (12 + 1 hour DST).
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
+-# According to
+-# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
+-# :
++# According to :
+ # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
+ # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
+ # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
+@@ -1641,7 +1650,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
+ # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
+ # text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
+-# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
++# (Original URL was )
+
+ # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
+ # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
+@@ -1661,7 +1670,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
+ # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
+ #
+-# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
++# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
+ # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
+ # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
+ # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
+@@ -1706,7 +1715,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
+ # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
+ # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
+-# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
++# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were
+ # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
+ # independent merchant ships until World War II.
+
+Index: share/zoneinfo/backward
+===================================================================
+--- share/zoneinfo/backward (revision 273102)
++++ share/zoneinfo/backward (working copy)
+@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
+-#
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+@@ -6,7 +5,7 @@
+ # and their old names. Many names changed in late 1993.
+
+ Link Africa/Asmara Africa/Asmera
+-Link Africa/Bamako Africa/Timbuktu
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Timbuktu
+ Link America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia
+ Link America/Adak America/Atka
+ Link America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires America/Buenos_Aires
+@@ -22,15 +21,20 @@ Link America/Kentucky/Louisville America/Louisvill
+ Link America/Argentina/Mendoza America/Mendoza
+ Link America/Rio_Branco America/Porto_Acre
+ Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Rosario
+-Link America/St_Thomas America/Virgin
++Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
++Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Virgin
++Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/South_Pole
+ Link Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad
+-Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking
++Link Asia/Kolkata Asia/Calcutta
++Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chongqing
++Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chungking
+ Link Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dacca
++Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Harbin
++Link Asia/Urumqi Asia/Kashgar
+ Link Asia/Kathmandu Asia/Katmandu
+-Link Asia/Kolkata Asia/Calcutta
+ Link Asia/Macau Asia/Macao
++Link Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Asia/Saigon
+ Link Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Tel_Aviv
+-Link Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Asia/Saigon
+ Link Asia/Thimphu Asia/Thimbu
+ Link Asia/Makassar Asia/Ujung_Pandang
+ Link Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Ulan_Bator
+@@ -88,10 +92,10 @@ Link Pacific/Auckland NZ
+ Link Pacific/Chatham NZ-CHAT
+ Link America/Denver Navajo
+ Link Asia/Shanghai PRC
++Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape
+ Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Samoa
++Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk
+ Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap
+-Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk
+-Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape
+ Link Europe/Warsaw Poland
+ Link Europe/Lisbon Portugal
+ Link Asia/Taipei ROC
+Index: share/zoneinfo/etcetera
+===================================================================
+--- share/zoneinfo/etcetera (revision 273102)
++++ share/zoneinfo/etcetera (working copy)
+@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
+-#
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@ Zone Etc/UTC 0 - UTC
+ Zone Etc/UCT 0 - UCT
+
+ # The following link uses older naming conventions,
+-# but it belongs here, not in the file `backward',
++# but it belongs here, not in the file 'backward',
+ # as functions like gmtime load the "GMT" file to handle leap seconds properly.
+ # We want this to work even on installations that omit the other older names.
+ Link Etc/GMT GMT
+@@ -31,9 +30,9 @@ Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT0
+ # even though this is the opposite of what many people expect.
+ # POSIX has positive signs west of Greenwich, but many people expect
+ # positive signs east of Greenwich. For example, TZ='Etc/GMT+4' uses
+-# the abbreviation "GMT+4" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UTC
++# the abbreviation "GMT+4" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UT
+ # (i.e. west of Greenwich) even though many people would expect it to
+-# mean 4 hours ahead of UTC (i.e. east of Greenwich).
++# mean 4 hours ahead of UT (i.e. east of Greenwich).
+ #
+ # In the draft 5 of POSIX 1003.1-200x, the angle bracket notation allows for
+ # TZ='+4'; if you want time zone abbreviations conforming to
+Index: share/zoneinfo/europe
+===================================================================
+--- share/zoneinfo/europe (revision 273102)
++++ share/zoneinfo/europe (working copy)
+@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
+-#
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+@@ -6,7 +5,7 @@
+ # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
+ # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+
+-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-05-31):
+ # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+ # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+ # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+@@ -17,6 +16,9 @@
+ # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+ # of the IATA's data after 1990.
+ #
++# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
++# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
++#
+ # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
+ # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
+ #
+@@ -26,17 +28,23 @@
+ # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
+ # which I found in the UCLA library.
+ #
+-#
+ # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
+-# (1914-03)
++#
++# [PDF] (1914-03)
+ #
+-# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
+-#
++# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
++# . He writes:
++# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
++# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
++# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
++#
++# Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
+ # History of Summer Time
+-# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
++#
++# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
+
+ #
+-# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
++# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
+ # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
+ # Corrections are welcome!
+ # std dst 2dst
+@@ -52,10 +60,8 @@
+ # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
+ # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
+ # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
+-# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
+-#
+-# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
+-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
++# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe*
++# 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Moscow
+
+ # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
+ # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
+@@ -90,7 +96,7 @@
+ # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
+ # of the text said:
+ #
+-# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
++# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
+ # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
+ # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
+ # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
+@@ -99,7 +105,7 @@
+ # along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
+ #
+ # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
+-# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
++# position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should
+ # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
+ #
+ # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
+@@ -131,10 +137,24 @@
+ # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
+ # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
+
+-# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
+-# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):
++# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time
++# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
++# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
++# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
++# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
++# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
++# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
++# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See:
++# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg.
++# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734
++# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
++# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal
++# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.
++#
++# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
+ # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
+-# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
++# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
+ # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
+ # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
+ # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
+@@ -145,7 +165,7 @@
+ # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
+ # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
+ # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
+-# designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial,
++# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
+ # which is permanently set to Summer Time.
+
+ # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
+@@ -154,18 +174,16 @@
+ # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
+ # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
+ # foundations of civilization throughout the world.
+-# --
++#
+ # "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
+-#
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
+-# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
++# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
+ # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
+ # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
+-# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
++# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
+-#
+ # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
+ # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
+
+@@ -202,9 +220,9 @@
+ # which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
+-# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common
++# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
+ # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
+-# so we use `BDST'.
++# so we use 'BDST'.
+
+ # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
+ # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
+@@ -211,22 +229,15 @@
+ # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
+ # and extending this list, which can be found in
+ # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
+-#
+ # History of legal time in Britain
+-#
+-# Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer
+-# exists, and the article can now be found at:
+-#
+ # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
+-#
+
+ # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
+ #
+ # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
+ # see Lord Tanlaw's speech
+-#
+-# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
+-# .
++#
++# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+ #
+@@ -266,8 +277,8 @@
+ # -- James Joyce, Ulysses
+
+ # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
+-# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include
+-# various relating to legal time, for example:
++# Irish laws are available online at .
++# These include various relating to legal time, for example:
+ #
+ # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
+ #
+@@ -425,6 +436,8 @@ Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
+ Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
+ # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
+ # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
++#
++# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
+
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
+@@ -464,10 +477,9 @@ Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
+ Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
+ Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
+ # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
+-#
+ # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
+ # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
+-#
++#
+
+ # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
+ Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
+@@ -490,11 +502,11 @@ Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
+ Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
+ # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+ Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
+ #
+ # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
+ # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
+-# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the
++# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
+ # tz database itself, as seen below:
+ #
+ # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
+@@ -517,7 +529,7 @@ Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
+ # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
+ # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no
+ # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
+-# affected are apparently these ficticious zones that translates acronyms
++# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms
+ # CET and MET:
+ #
+ # Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
+@@ -550,11 +562,11 @@ Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Mosco
+ Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
+ Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
+ Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
+-Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
+-Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
+-Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
+-Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
+-Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
++Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD
++Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
++Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
++Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer
++Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
+ Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+ # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
+ Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+@@ -576,14 +588,10 @@ Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+ # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
+ #
+ # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
+-#
+ # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
+-#
+ #
+ # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
+-#
+ # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
+-#
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
+ # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
+@@ -603,10 +611,10 @@ Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
+ # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
+ # The official German names ... are
+ #
+-# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
+-# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
++# Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
++# Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
+ #
+-# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
++# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
+ # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
+ # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
+ #
+@@ -666,6 +674,8 @@ Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
+
+ # Austria
+
++# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.
++
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
+ # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
+ # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
+@@ -683,7 +693,7 @@ Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
+ Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
++Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
+ 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
+@@ -698,18 +708,9 @@ Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
+ # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
+ #
+ # Sources (Russian language):
+-# 1.
+-#
+ # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
+-#
+-# 2.
+-#
+ # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
+-#
+-# 3.
+-#
+ # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
+-#
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
+ 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
+@@ -722,7 +723,7 @@ Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
+ 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+- 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time
++ 3:00 - FET
+
+ # Belgium
+ #
+@@ -729,7 +730,7 @@ Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
+ # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
+ # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
+ # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
+-# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
++# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
+ # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
+ # pp 8-9.
+ # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
+@@ -789,14 +790,14 @@ Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+ # Bosnia and Herzegovina
+-# see Serbia
++# See Europe/Belgrade.
+
+ # Bulgaria
+ #
+ # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
+ # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
+-# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
+-# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
++# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
++# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
+ #
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
+@@ -817,10 +818,10 @@ Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+
+ # Croatia
+-# see Serbia
++# See Europe/Belgrade.
+
+ # Cyprus
+-# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
++# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
+
+ # Czech Republic
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+@@ -837,10 +838,11 @@ Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
+ 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
++# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
+
+ # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
+ # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
+ # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
+ # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
+@@ -850,7 +852,7 @@ Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
+ # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
+ #
+ # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
+-# in subsequenet decrees with the law
++# in subsequent decrees with the law
+ # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
+ #
+ # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
+@@ -865,7 +867,7 @@ Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
+ # was suspended on that night):
+ # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
+ # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
+ # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
+
+@@ -893,7 +895,7 @@ Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+-Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
++Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
+ 0:00 - WET 1981
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT
+ #
+@@ -905,11 +907,11 @@ Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+ # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
+ # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
+-# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab
++# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
+ # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
+ # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
+
+-# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing
++# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
+ # (2001-03-15),
+ # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
+ #
+@@ -944,9 +946,9 @@ Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
+ # DPC research station at Zackenberg.
+ #
+ # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
+-# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab).
++# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb).
+ #
+-# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it
++# The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it
+ # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
+ # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
+ #
+@@ -953,7 +955,7 @@ Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
+ # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
+ # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
+ # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
+-# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be
++# this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be
+ # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
+
+ # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
+@@ -962,8 +964,8 @@ Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+ # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
+-# the 1995 map as like Godthab.
+-# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.
++# the 1995 map as like Godthåb.
++# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996.
+ # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
+ # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
+ # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
+@@ -1000,25 +1002,24 @@ Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pi
+ # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
+ # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
+ # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
+-# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
++# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
+ # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
+ # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
+ # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
+ # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
+-# summer time next spring.''
++# summer time next spring."
+
+ # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
+-#
+ # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
+-#
++#
+ # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
+-# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
++# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
+ #
+ # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
+ # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
+ # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
+
+-# From The Baltic Times (1999-09-09)
++# From The Baltic Times (1999-09-09)
+ # via Steffen Thorsen:
+ # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
+ # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
+@@ -1036,7 +1037,7 @@ Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pi
+ # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
+ # Now we are using again EU rules.
+ #
+-# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28):
++# From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
+ # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
+
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -1060,7 +1061,7 @@ Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
+ # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
+ # and it's supposed to change at 4am...
+
+-# From Janne Snabb (2010-0715):
++# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
+ #
+ # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
+ # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
+@@ -1070,35 +1071,45 @@ Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
+ # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
+ # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
+ # Finnish) at
+-#
+-#
+ # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
+-#
+ #
+ # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
+ # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
+ #
+ # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
+-#
+ #
+ # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
+ # exist tonight."
+
++# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):
++# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
++# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
++# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
++# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
++# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
++# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
++# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
++#
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
++# Go with Oja over Shanks.
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
+-Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
++Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 -
+ Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
++
++# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
++# round to nearest.
++
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
+- 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
++Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31
++ 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
+ 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+
+-# Aaland Is
++# Åland Is
+ Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
+
+
+@@ -1106,18 +1117,18 @@ Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
+
+ # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
+ #
+-# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
++# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions
+ # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
+ #
+-# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
++# Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel,
+ # Paris, 1991
+ #
+-# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
+-# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987
++# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie,
++# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987
+
+
+ #
+-# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
++# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+ Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
+@@ -1154,16 +1165,16 @@ Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
+ Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
+ # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
+ # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
+-# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
+-# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
+-# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
++# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez,
++# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La
++# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
+ # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
+-# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
++# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois,
+ # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
+ Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
+ # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
+-# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
++# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
+ # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
+ Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
+@@ -1201,15 +1212,13 @@ Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
+ # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
+ # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
+
+-# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
++# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
+ # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
+-#
+-# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
++#
++# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
+-#
+ # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
+-#
+ # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
+ # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
+ # this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
+@@ -1239,6 +1248,21 @@ Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
+ 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
++# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
++# Büsingen , surrounded by the Swiss canton
++# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
++# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
++# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
++# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
++#
++# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
++# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
++
++# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
++# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
++
++Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
++
+ # Georgia
+ # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
+ # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
+@@ -1287,15 +1311,20 @@ Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+
+ # Hungary
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
++# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
++# Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945.
++# National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29).
++# http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html
++# This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks
++# & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates).
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
+-Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
++Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
+ Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
+-Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
+-Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
+-Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
++Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 -
+ Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
+-Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
++Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
+ Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+ Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
+@@ -1311,7 +1340,7 @@ Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
+- 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
++ 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
+ 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+@@ -1389,10 +1418,9 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+ # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
+ # F. Pollastri
+-#
+ # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
+-#
+-# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
++#
++# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
+ # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
+ #
+ # year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
+@@ -1499,13 +1527,13 @@ Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
+
+ # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
+ # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
+-#
+ # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
+-# 29-Feb-2000 (#79), in Latvian for subscribers only).
++# 29-Feb-2000 (#79) ,
++# in Latvian for subscribers only).
+
+-#
+-# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
+-#
++# From RFE/RL Newsline
++#
++# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
+ # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
+ # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
+ # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
+@@ -1520,13 +1548,16 @@ Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+ Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
++
++# Milne says Riga time was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
++
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
+- 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
+- 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
+- 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
+- 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
+- 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
++Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:28 - LMT 1880
++ 1:36:28 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
++ 1:36:28 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
++ 1:36:28 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
++ 1:36:28 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
++ 1:36:28 - RMT 1926 May 11
+ 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
+@@ -1538,11 +1569,23 @@ Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+
+ # Liechtenstein
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
+- 1:00 - CET 1981
+- 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
++# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
++
++# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18):
++# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf
++# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942.
++# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs:
++# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein
++# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on
++# central European time was in force throughout the year.
++# From a report of the duke's government to the high council,
++# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977.
++
++Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
++
++
+ # Lithuania
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+@@ -1553,7 +1596,7 @@ Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+ # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
+ # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
+
+-# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
++# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) ,
+ # via Steffen Thorsen:
+ # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
+ # to be valid here starting from October 31,
+@@ -1562,9 +1605,9 @@ Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+ # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
+ # already done by Estonia.
+
+-# From the
+-# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
+-# (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
++# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
++# (2000-03-27):
++# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
+
+ # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
+ # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
+@@ -1629,7 +1672,7 @@ Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+ # Macedonia
+-# see Serbia
++# See Europe/Belgrade.
+
+ # Malta
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+@@ -1658,7 +1701,7 @@ Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s
+ # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
+ # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
+ # But [two people] separately reported via
+-# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
++# Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
+ # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
+ #
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
+@@ -1667,13 +1710,8 @@ Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s
+ # to the Winter Time).
+ #
+ # News (in Russian):
+-#
+ # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
+-#
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
+-#
+ #
+ # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
+ # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
+@@ -1691,9 +1729,7 @@ Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s
+ # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
+ # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
+ # News from Moldova (in russian):
+-#
+ # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
+-#
+
+
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -1722,7 +1758,7 @@ Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+ # Montenegro
+-# see Serbia
++# See Europe/Belgrade.
+
+ # Netherlands
+
+@@ -1824,20 +1860,20 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
+ # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
+ # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
+ # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
+-# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
+-# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation
++# and
++# ). The law/regulation
+ # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
+ # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
+ # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
+-# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
++# ) I have not been
+ # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
+-# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
++# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by
+ # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
+ # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
+ # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
+ # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
+
+-# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
+ #
+ # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
+ # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
+@@ -1846,9 +1882,9 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
+ # says that the meteorologists
+ # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
+ # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
+-# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
++# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
+ # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
+-# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
++# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
+ # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
+ #
+ # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
+@@ -1861,12 +1897,15 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
+ # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
+ # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
+ #
+-# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can
+-# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
+-# war years it's probably best just do...the following for now:
++# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
++# for these regions.
+ Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
+
+ # Poland
++
++# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
++# pp 1-2.
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
+ Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
+@@ -1877,9 +1916,9 @@ Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
+ Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
+ # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
+-# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
++# Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
+ #
+-# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
++# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
+ # He also gives these further references:
+ # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995)
+ # Druk nr 2180 (2003)
+@@ -2016,8 +2055,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funch
+ # Romania
+ #
+ # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
+-#
+-# Nine O'clock (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
++# Nine O'clock
++# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
+ # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
+ # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
+ # the same year as Bulgaria.
+@@ -2041,8 +2080,81 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+
++
+ # Russia
+
++# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
++# Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011
++# (Government document
++# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
++# in Russian)
++# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
++# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
++# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
++# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
++
++# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
++# Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
++# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
++# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
++
++# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
++# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
++# changed in September 2011:
++#
++# One source is
++# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
++# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
++# 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
++#
++# Another source is
++# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
++# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
++# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
++# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
++# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
++# does not contain any "effective date" information.
++#
++# Another source is
++# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
++# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011...
++# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
++# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
++#
++# The Wikipedia article refers to
++# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
++# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
++#
++# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
++# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
++# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
++# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
++# Conradi notes).
++#
++# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
++#
++# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
++
++# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
++# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
++# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
++# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
++# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new
++# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
++# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
++# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
++# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
++# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
++# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
++#
++# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
++# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
++# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
++# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
++# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
++# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this:
++# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
++
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+ # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
+ # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
+@@ -2057,7 +2169,7 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
+ # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
+ #
+ # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
+-# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
++# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
+ # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
+ # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
+ # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
+@@ -2069,9 +2181,9 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
+ #
+ # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
+ # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
+-# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
++# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
+ # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
+-# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
++# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
+ # enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
+ #
+ # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
+@@ -2082,51 +2194,166 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
+ # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
+ # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
+ # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
+-#
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
++# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
++# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
++# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
++# listing. The region codes listed come from
++# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
++# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
++# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
++# divisions where available.
++
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-#
+-# Kaliningradskaya oblast'.
++
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
++# Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
++# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
++
+ Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
+ 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+- 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time
++ 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
++ 2:00 - EET
++
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
++# Europe/Moscow covers...
++# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
++# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
++# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
++# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
++# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
++# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
++# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
++# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
++# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
++# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
++# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
++# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
++# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
++# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
++# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
++# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
++# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
++# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
++# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
++# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast
++# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast
++# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
++# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
++# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
++# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
++# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
++# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
++# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
++# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
++# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
++# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
++# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
++# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
++# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
++# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
++# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
++# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
++# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
++# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
++# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
++# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
++# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
++# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
++# 77 RU-MOW Moscow
++# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
++# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
++
++# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
++# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
++# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
++# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
++# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz E.L. New Counting of Time in Russia
++# since July 1, 1919, p. 18.) The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia
++# was defined by Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
++# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
++# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
++# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
++# 2:31:19 ...
+ #
+-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
+-# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
+-# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',
+-# Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
+-# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,
+-# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,
+-# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,
+-# Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,
+-# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',
+-# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,
+-# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',
+-# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,
+-# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',
+-# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',
+-# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,
+-# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',
+-# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,
+-# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',
+-# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast',
+-# Yaroslavskaya oblast'
+-Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
+- 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
+- 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
++# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
++# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
++# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
++# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
++
++Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
++ 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
++ 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
++ 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
+ 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+- 4:00 - MSK
++ 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
++ 3:00 - MSK
++
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
++# Europe/Simferopol covers...
++# ** **** Crimea, Republic of
++# ** **** Sevastopol
++
++Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
++ 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
++ 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
++ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
++ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
++ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
++ 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
++ 2:00 - EET 1992
++# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
+ #
+-# Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
+-# Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
+-# but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the
+-# others? But we have no data.
++# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
++# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
++# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
++# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
++# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
++# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
++# changed in May.
++ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
++# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
++ 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
++ 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
++# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
++# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
++ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
++ 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
++# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
++# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
++# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
++# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
++# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
++# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
++ 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
++ 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
++ 3:00 - MSK
++
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
++# Europe/Volgograd covers...
++# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
++# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
++# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
++# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09):
++# Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300.
++# Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data.
++
+ Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
+ 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time
+ 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
+@@ -2134,48 +2361,77 @@ Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
+ 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
+ 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
+- 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+- 4:00 - VOLT
+-#
+-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
+-# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
++ 3:00 Russia MSK 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
++ 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
++ 3:00 - MSK
++
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
++# Europe/Samara covers...
++# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
++# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
++
+ Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
+ 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21
+ 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
+ 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
+- 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+- 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
++ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
++ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
+ 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
+ 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 4:00 - SAMT
+
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
++# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
++# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
++# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
++# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
++# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
++# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
++# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
++# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
++# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
++# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
+ #
+-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
+-# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,
+-# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast',
+-# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast',
+-# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast',
+-# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug.
+-Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
++# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
++# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
++
++# Milne says Yekaterinburg time was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
++
++Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
+ 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
+ 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+- 6:00 - YEKT # Yekaterinburg Time
+-#
+-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
+-# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.
++ 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
++ 5:00 - YEKT
++
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
++# Asia/Omsk covers...
++# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
++# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
++# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
++
+ Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
+- 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
++ 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time
+ 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+- 7:00 - OMST
+-#
++ 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
++ 6:00 - OMST
++
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
++# Asia/Novosibirsk covers...
++# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
++# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
++
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
+ # not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
+-# Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.
++
+ Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
+ 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
+ 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+@@ -2182,8 +2438,14 @@ Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6
+ 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
+ 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+- 7:00 - NOVT
++ 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
++ 6:00 - NOVT
+
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
++# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
++# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
++
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
+ # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
+ # March 28, 2010:
+@@ -2195,14 +2457,10 @@ Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6
+ # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
+ #
+ # Russian Government web site (Russian language)
+-#
+ # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
+-#
+ # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
+ # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
+-#
+ #
+ # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
+ # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
+@@ -2210,104 +2468,288 @@ Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6
+ # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
+ # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
+
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
++# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
++# realigning itself with KRAT.
++
+ Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6
+ 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
+ 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
+- 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+- 7:00 - NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time
++ 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk T
++ 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
++ 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time
+
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
++# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
++# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
++# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
++# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
+ #
+-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
+-# Krasnoyarskij kraj,
+-# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
+-# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
++# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
++# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
++
+ Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
+ 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
+ 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+- 8:00 - KRAT
++ 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
++ 7:00 - KRAT
++
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
++# Asia/Irkutsk covers...
++# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
++# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
+ #
+-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
+-# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',
+-# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug.
+-Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
+- 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
++# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
++# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
++
++# Milne says Irkutsk time was 6:57:15.
++
++Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:15 - LMT 1880
++ 6:57:15 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
+ 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
+ 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+- 9:00 - IRKT
++ 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
++ 8:00 - IRKT
++
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
++# Asia/Chita covers...
++# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
+ #
+-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
+-# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',
+-# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.
++# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
++# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
+
+-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+-# ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005...
+-# Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name.
+-# YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj.
++Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
++ 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
++ 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
++ 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
++ 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
++ 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
++ 8:00 - IRKT
+
+-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+-# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
+-# Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
+-# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
+-# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij,
+-# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
+-# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij.
+
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
++# Asia/Yakutsk covers...
++# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
++#
++# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
++# 14-02 **** Aldansky District
++# 14-04 **** Amginsky District
++# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
++# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
++# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District
++# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District
++# 14-11 **** Gorny District
++# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District
++# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District
++# 14-14 **** Lensky District
++# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District
++# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District
++# 14-18 **** Namsky District
++# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District
++# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District
++# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District
++# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District
++# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District
++# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District
++# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District
++# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District
++# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District
++# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
++# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
++# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
++# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
++
+ Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
+ 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
+ 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+- 10:00 - YAKT
++ 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
++ 9:00 - YAKT
++
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
++# Asia/Vladivostok covers...
++# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
++# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
++# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
+ #
+-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
+-# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
+-# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
++# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
++# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District
++# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District
+
+-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+-# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
+-# Ust'-Yanskij.
+-Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
++# Milne says Vladivostok time was 8:47:33.5; round to nearest.
++
++Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:34 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
+ 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
+ 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+- 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
++ 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+- 11:00 - VLAT
+-#
+-# Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
+-# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
++ 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
++ 10:00 - VLAT
++
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
++# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
++# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
++# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
++
++# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
++# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
++# in 2011.
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
++# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
++# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
++# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
++
++Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
++ 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
++ 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
++ 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
++ 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004
++ 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
++ 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
++ 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
++ 9:00 - YAKT
++
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
++# Asia/Sakhalin covers...
++# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
++# ...with the exception of:
++# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
++
++# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
+ Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
+- 9:00 - CJT 1938
++ 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
+ 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
+ 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
+ 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+- 11:00 - SAKT
+-#
+-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
+-# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
+-# Probably also: Kuril Islands.
++ 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
++ 10:00 - SAKT
+
+-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+-# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij,
+-# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij, Srednekolymskij.
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
++# Asia/Magadan covers...
++# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
++# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
++# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
++# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
++# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will
++# need their own zone.
++
+ Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
+ 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+- 12:00 - MAGT
++ 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
++ 10:00 - MAGT
++
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
++# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
++# 14-01 **** Abyysky District
++# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
++# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District
++# 14-17 **** Momsky District
++# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District
++# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District
+ #
+-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
+-# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
++# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
++# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
++# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
++# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
++# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
++# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
++# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
++# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
++# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
++# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
+ #
+-# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
++# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
++# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently
++# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
++# each! (Yikes!)
++# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
++# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
++# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
++#
++# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
++# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
++# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
++# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of
++# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
++# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
++# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
++# Go with Srednekolymsk.
++#
++# Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT
++# as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead.
++
++Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
++ 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
++ 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
++ 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
++ 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
++ 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
++ 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time
++
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
++# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
++# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
++
++# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
++# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
++# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
++#
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
++# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
++# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
++# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
++# UTC+12 since at least then, too.
++
++Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
++ 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
++ 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1
++ 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
++ 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
++ 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
++ 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
++ 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
++ 10:00 - VLAT
++
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
++# Asia/Kamchatka covers...
++# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
++#
++# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
++# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
++
++# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
++# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
+ Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
+ 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
+ 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+@@ -2315,8 +2757,12 @@ Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
+ 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 12:00 - PETT
+-#
+-# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
++
++
++# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
++# Asia/Anadyr covers...
++# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
++
+ Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
+ 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
+@@ -2326,6 +2772,10 @@ Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 12:00 - ANAT
+
++
++# San Marino
++# See Europe/Rome.
++
+ # Serbia
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
+@@ -2333,9 +2783,9 @@ Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
+ 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
+-# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
++# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
+ # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
+-# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
++# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
+ 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+ Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
+@@ -2348,7 +2798,7 @@ Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
+ Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
+
+ # Slovenia
+-# see Serbia
++# See Europe/Belgrade.
+
+ # Spain
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+@@ -2426,7 +2876,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las
+
+ # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
+ #
+-# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
++# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
+ # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
+ # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
+ # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
+@@ -2437,7 +2887,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las
+ # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
+ #
+ # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
+-# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
++# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
+ # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
+ # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
+ # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
+@@ -2445,7 +2895,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las
+ # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
+ # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
+ #
+-# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
++# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
+ # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
+ # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
+ # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
+@@ -2455,7 +2905,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las
+ # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
+ # in Swedish): (type
+ # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
+-# the Sok-button).
++# the Sök-button).
+ #
+ # (2001-05-13):
+ #
+@@ -2480,9 +2930,9 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
+ # From Howse:
+ # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
+ # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
+-# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
++# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
++# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
+ # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
+ # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
+ # From Shanks & Pottenger:
+@@ -2496,7 +2946,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
+ # to be wrong. This is now verified.
+ #
+ # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
+-# government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
++# government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
+ # federal law collection)...
+ #
+ # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
+@@ -2515,7 +2965,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
+ # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
+ # a thing had happened in Switzerland.
+ #
+-# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de
++# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de
+ # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
+ # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
+ # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
+@@ -2527,23 +2977,53 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
+ # The 1940 rules must be deleted.
+ #
+ # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
+-# most users of tzdata:
+-# The zone file
+-# Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
+-# 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time
+-# 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
+-# 1:00 EU CE%sT
++# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
+ # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
+-# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not
++# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
+ # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
+ # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
++#
++# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
++# The Federal regulations say
++# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
++# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
++# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
+
++# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
++# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893)
++# ...
++# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
++# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
++# hour before the beginning of service.
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
++# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
++#
++# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
++# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book:
++#
++# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
++# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
++# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
++#
++# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
++# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the
++# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
++# "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
++# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
++# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
++# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
++# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
++# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
++# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
++# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
+- 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
++Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
++ 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
+ 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+@@ -2551,7 +3031,7 @@ Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
+
+ # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
+ # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
+-# ... The latest rules are available at -
++# ... The latest rules are available at:
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
+ # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
+@@ -2576,20 +3056,30 @@ Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
+ # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
+ # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
+
+-# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
+-#
++# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
+ # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
+ # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
+ # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
+-#
+ # Turkish:
+-#
+ # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
+-#
+
++# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
++# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
++# Turkish Local election....
++# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
++# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
++# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
++# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
++# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
++# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
++# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
++# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See:
++# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
++# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
++# I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+@@ -2657,14 +3147,16 @@ Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
+ 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
+ 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
++ 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
++ 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+ Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
+
+ # Ukraine
+ #
+-# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice,
++# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
+ # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
+-# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment
++# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government
+ # regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
+ # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
+ # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
+@@ -2677,20 +3169,14 @@ Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is i
+ # Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
+ # approval from 266 deputies.
+ #
+-# Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian)
+-#
++# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
+ # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
+-#
+ #
+ # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
+-#
+ # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
+-#
+ #
+ # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
+-#
+ # http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
+-#
+ #
+ # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
+ # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
+@@ -2698,21 +3184,42 @@ Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is i
+ # time this year after all.
+ #
+ # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
+-# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukranian time zone
++# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone
+ # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
+ # to Russia) was reverted today:
+-#
+-#
+ # http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
+-#
+ #
+ # Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
+ # The law documents themselves are at
+-#
+-#
+ # http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
+-#
+
++# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
++# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST:
++# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST
++# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
++# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134.
++# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html
++#
++# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law,
++# "summer time" was still in action):
++# 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
++# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272.
++# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html
++#
++# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action):
++# 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
++#
++# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended):
++# 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST
++# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225.
++# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm
++# This is an answer.
++#
++# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure:
++# 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started
++# 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended
++# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
++# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
+
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
+@@ -2723,13 +3230,12 @@ Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
+ 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
+- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
+- 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
+- 2:00 - EET 1992
++ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
++ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+ # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
+-# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
++# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
+ # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
+ Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
+ 1:00 - CET 1940
+@@ -2755,32 +3261,10 @@ Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+-# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
+-Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
+- 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
+- 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
+- 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
+- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
+- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
+- 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
+- 2:00 - EET 1992
+-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+-# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
+-# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
+-# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
+-# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
+-# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
+-# changed in May.
+- 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
+-# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
+- 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
+- 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
+-# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
+-# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
+- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
+- 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
+- 2:00 EU EE%sT
+
++# Vatican City
++# See Europe/Rome.
++
+ ###############################################################################
+
+ # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
+@@ -2808,7 +3292,7 @@ Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
+ # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
+ # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
+ # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
+-# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
++# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
+ #
+ # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
+ # Soviet Union (as far as I know).
+Index: share/zoneinfo/factory
+===================================================================
+--- share/zoneinfo/factory (revision 273102)
++++ share/zoneinfo/factory (working copy)
+@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
+-#
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+Index: share/zoneinfo/leap-seconds.list
+===================================================================
+--- share/zoneinfo/leap-seconds.list (revision 0)
++++ share/zoneinfo/leap-seconds.list (working copy)
+@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
++#
++# In the following text, the symbol '#' introduces
++# a comment, which continues from that symbol until
++# the end of the line. A plain comment line has a
++# whitespace character following the comment indicator.
++# There are also special comment lines defined below.
++# A special comment will always have a non-whitespace
++# character in column 2.
++#
++# A blank line should be ignored.
++#
++# The following table shows the corrections that must
++# be applied to compute International Atomic Time (TAI)
++# from the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) values that
++# are transmitted by almost all time services.
++#
++# The first column shows an epoch as a number of seconds
++# since 1 January 1900, 00:00:00 (1900.0 is also used to
++# indicate the same epoch.) Both of these time stamp formats
++# ignore the complexities of the time scales that were
++# used before the current definition of UTC at the start
++# of 1972. (See note 3 below.)
++# The second column shows the number of seconds that
++# must be added to UTC to compute TAI for any timestamp
++# at or after that epoch. The value on each line is
++# valid from the indicated initial instant until the
++# epoch given on the next one or indefinitely into the
++# future if there is no next line.
++# (The comment on each line shows the representation of
++# the corresponding initial epoch in the usual
++# day-month-year format. The epoch always begins at
++# 00:00:00 UTC on the indicated day. See Note 5 below.)
++#
++# Important notes:
++#
++# 1. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is often referred to
++# as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). The GMT time scale is no
++# longer used, and the use of GMT to designate UTC is
++# discouraged.
++#
++# 2. The UTC time scale is realized by many national
++# laboratories and timing centers. Each laboratory
++# identifies its realization with its name: Thus
++# UTC(NIST), UTC(USNO), etc. The differences among
++# these different realizations are typically on the
++# order of a few nanoseconds (i.e., 0.000 000 00x s)
++# and can be ignored for many purposes. These differences
++# are tabulated in Circular T, which is published monthly
++# by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures
++# (BIPM). See www.bipm.fr for more information.
++#
++# 3. The current definition of the relationship between UTC
++# and TAI dates from 1 January 1972. A number of different
++# time scales were in use before that epoch, and it can be
++# quite difficult to compute precise timestamps and time
++# intervals in those "prehistoric" days. For more information,
++# consult:
++#
++# The Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical
++# Ephemeris.
++# or
++# Terry Quinn, "The BIPM and the Accurate Measurement
++# of Time," Proc. of the IEEE, Vol. 79, pp. 894-905,
++# July, 1991.
++#
++# 4. The decision to insert a leap second into UTC is currently
++# the responsibility of the International Earth Rotation and
++# Reference Systems Service. (The name was changed from the
++# International Earth Rotation Service, but the acronym IERS
++# is still used.)
++#
++# Leap seconds are announced by the IERS in its Bulletin C.
++#
++# See www.iers.org for more details.
++#
++# Every national laboratory and timing center uses the
++# data from the BIPM and the IERS to construct UTC(lab),
++# their local realization of UTC.
++#
++# Although the definition also includes the possibility
++# of dropping seconds ("negative" leap seconds), this has
++# never been done and is unlikely to be necessary in the
++# foreseeable future.
++#
++# 5. If your system keeps time as the number of seconds since
++# some epoch (e.g., NTP timestamps), then the algorithm for
++# assigning a UTC time stamp to an event that happens during a positive
++# leap second is not well defined. The official name of that leap
++# second is 23:59:60, but there is no way of representing that time
++# in these systems.
++# Many systems of this type effectively stop the system clock for
++# one second during the leap second and use a time that is equivalent
++# to 23:59:59 UTC twice. For these systems, the corresponding TAI
++# timestamp would be obtained by advancing to the next entry in the
++# following table when the time equivalent to 23:59:59 UTC
++# is used for the second time. Thus the leap second which
++# occurred on 30 June 1972 at 23:59:59 UTC would have TAI
++# timestamps computed as follows:
++#
++# ...
++# 30 June 1972 23:59:59 (2287785599, first time): TAI= UTC + 10 seconds
++# 30 June 1972 23:59:60 (2287785599,second time): TAI= UTC + 11 seconds
++# 1 July 1972 00:00:00 (2287785600) TAI= UTC + 11 seconds
++# ...
++#
++# If your system realizes the leap second by repeating 00:00:00 UTC twice
++# (this is possible but not usual), then the advance to the next entry
++# in the table must occur the second time that a time equivalent to
++# 00:00:00 UTC is used. Thus, using the same example as above:
++#
++# ...
++# 30 June 1972 23:59:59 (2287785599): TAI= UTC + 10 seconds
++# 30 June 1972 23:59:60 (2287785600, first time): TAI= UTC + 10 seconds
++# 1 July 1972 00:00:00 (2287785600,second time): TAI= UTC + 11 seconds
++# ...
++#
++# in both cases the use of timestamps based on TAI produces a smooth
++# time scale with no discontinuity in the time interval. However,
++# although the long-term behavior of the time scale is correct in both
++# methods, the second method is technically not correct because it adds
++# the extra second to the wrong day.
++#
++# This complexity would not be needed for negative leap seconds (if they
++# are ever used). The UTC time would skip 23:59:59 and advance from
++# 23:59:58 to 00:00:00 in that case. The TAI offset would decrease by
++# 1 second at the same instant. This is a much easier situation to deal
++# with, since the difficulty of unambiguously representing the epoch
++# during the leap second does not arise.
++#
++# Questions or comments to:
++# Judah Levine
++# Time and Frequency Division
++# NIST
++# Boulder, Colorado
++# Judah.Levine@nist.gov
++#
++# Last Update of leap second values: 11 January 2012
++#
++# The following line shows this last update date in NTP timestamp
++# format. This is the date on which the most recent change to
++# the leap second data was added to the file. This line can
++# be identified by the unique pair of characters in the first two
++# columns as shown below.
++#
++#$ 3535228800
++#
++# The NTP timestamps are in units of seconds since the NTP epoch,
++# which is 1 January 1900, 00:00:00. The Modified Julian Day number
++# corresponding to the NTP time stamp, X, can be computed as
++#
++# X/86400 + 15020
++#
++# where the first term converts seconds to days and the second
++# term adds the MJD corresponding to the time origin defined above.
++# The integer portion of the result is the integer MJD for that
++# day, and any remainder is the time of day, expressed as the
++# fraction of the day since 0 hours UTC. The conversion from day
++# fraction to seconds or to hours, minutes, and seconds may involve
++# rounding or truncation, depending on the method used in the
++# computation.
++#
++# The data in this file will be updated periodically as new leap
++# seconds are announced. In addition to being entered on the line
++# above, the update time (in NTP format) will be added to the basic
++# file name leap-seconds to form the name leap-seconds..
++# In addition, the generic name leap-seconds.list will always point to
++# the most recent version of the file.
++#
++# This update procedure will be performed only when a new leap second
++# is announced.
++#
++# The following entry specifies the expiration date of the data
++# in this file in units of seconds since the origin at the instant
++# 1 January 1900, 00:00:00. This expiration date will be changed
++# at least twice per year whether or not a new leap second is
++# announced. These semi-annual changes will be made no later
++# than 1 June and 1 December of each year to indicate what
++# action (if any) is to be taken on 30 June and 31 December,
++# respectively. (These are the customary effective dates for new
++# leap seconds.) This expiration date will be identified by a
++# unique pair of characters in columns 1 and 2 as shown below.
++# In the unlikely event that a leap second is announced with an
++# effective date other than 30 June or 31 December, then this
++# file will be edited to include that leap second as soon as it is
++# announced or at least one month before the effective date
++# (whichever is later).
++# If an announcement by the IERS specifies that no leap second is
++# scheduled, then only the expiration date of the file will
++# be advanced to show that the information in the file is still
++# current -- the update time stamp, the data and the name of the file
++# will not change.
++#
++# Updated through IERS Bulletin C48
++# File expires on: 28 June 2015
++#
++#@ 3644438400
++#
++2272060800 10 # 1 Jan 1972
++2287785600 11 # 1 Jul 1972
++2303683200 12 # 1 Jan 1973
++2335219200 13 # 1 Jan 1974
++2366755200 14 # 1 Jan 1975
++2398291200 15 # 1 Jan 1976
++2429913600 16 # 1 Jan 1977
++2461449600 17 # 1 Jan 1978
++2492985600 18 # 1 Jan 1979
++2524521600 19 # 1 Jan 1980
++2571782400 20 # 1 Jul 1981
++2603318400 21 # 1 Jul 1982
++2634854400 22 # 1 Jul 1983
++2698012800 23 # 1 Jul 1985
++2776982400 24 # 1 Jan 1988
++2840140800 25 # 1 Jan 1990
++2871676800 26 # 1 Jan 1991
++2918937600 27 # 1 Jul 1992
++2950473600 28 # 1 Jul 1993
++2982009600 29 # 1 Jul 1994
++3029443200 30 # 1 Jan 1996
++3076704000 31 # 1 Jul 1997
++3124137600 32 # 1 Jan 1999
++3345062400 33 # 1 Jan 2006
++3439756800 34 # 1 Jan 2009
++3550089600 35 # 1 Jul 2012
++#
++# the following special comment contains the
++# hash value of the data in this file computed
++# use the secure hash algorithm as specified
++# by FIPS 180-1. See the files in ~/pub/sha for
++# the details of how this hash value is
++# computed. Note that the hash computation
++# ignores comments and whitespace characters
++# in data lines. It includes the NTP values
++# of both the last modification time and the
++# expiration time of the file, but not the
++# white space on those lines.
++# the hash line is also ignored in the
++# computation.
++#
++#h a4862ccd c6f43c6 964f3604 85944a26 b5cfad4e
+Index: share/zoneinfo/northamerica
+===================================================================
+--- share/zoneinfo/northamerica (revision 273102)
++++ share/zoneinfo/northamerica (working copy)
+@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
+-#
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@
+ # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
+ # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
+ # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
+-# His pamphlet ``A System of National Time for Railroads'' (1870)
++# His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
+ # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
+ # in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
+ # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
+@@ -40,8 +39,8 @@
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
+ # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
+-# in his whimsical essay ``An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
+-# of Light'' published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
++# in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
++# of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
+ # Not everyone is happy with the results:
+ #
+ # I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
+@@ -55,13 +54,13 @@
+ # to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
+ # them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
+ #
+-# -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
++# -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
+ # Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
+ #
+ # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
+-# Robert Garland's
+-# Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
+-# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
++# Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
++# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927)
++# .
+ #
+ # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
+ # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
+@@ -81,10 +80,10 @@
+ # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
+ # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
+ # An AltaVista search turned up
+-# :
++# :
+ # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
+ # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.' Peace is wonderful."
+-# (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
++# (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
+
+ # From Joseph Gallant citing
+ # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
+@@ -167,8 +166,8 @@ Zone PST8PDT -8:00 US P%sT
+ # of the Aleutian islands. No DST.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
+-# The tables below use `NST', not `NT', for Nome Standard Time.
+-# I invented `CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
++# The tables below use 'NST', not 'NT', for Nome Standard Time.
++# I invented 'CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
+
+ # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
+ # USA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
+@@ -182,7 +181,7 @@ Zone PST8PDT -8:00 US P%sT
+ # USA ALASKA STD 9 H BEHIND UTC MOST OF ALASKA (AKST)
+ # USA ALASKA STD 8 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
+ # USA ALEUTIAN 10 H BEHIND UTC ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
+-# USA - " - 9 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
++# USA " 9 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
+ # USA HAWAII 10 H BEHIND UTC
+ # USA BERING 11 H BEHIND UTC SAMOA, MIDWAY
+
+@@ -235,19 +234,19 @@ Zone PST8PDT -8:00 US P%sT
+ # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
+ #
+ # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
+-# (a) Amendment- Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
++# (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
+ # U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
+-# (1) by striking `first Sunday of April' and inserting `second
+-# Sunday of March'; and
+-# (2) by striking `last Sunday of October' and inserting `first
++# (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
++# Sunday of March"; and
++# (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
+ # Sunday of November'.
+-# (b) Effective Date- Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
++# (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
+ # date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
+-# (c) Report to Congress- Not later than 9 months after the effective
++# (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
+ # date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
+ # on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
+ # States.
+-# (d) Right to Revert- Congress retains the right to revert the
++# (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
+ # Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
+ # Department study is complete.
+
+@@ -349,18 +348,15 @@ Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT
+ # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
+ # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
+ # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
+-#
+ # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
+-#
+
+ # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
+ # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
+ # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
+ # largest city in Mercer County). Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
+-# at 4715'51" north, 10146'40" west, which yields an offset of 6h47'07".
++# at 47 degrees 15' 51" N, 101 degrees 46' 40" W, which yields an offset
++# of 6h47'07".
+
+ Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
+ -7:00 US M%sT 2010 Nov 7 2:00
+@@ -391,9 +387,10 @@ Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:
+ # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
+ #
+ # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
+-# Idaho, Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties,
+-# and the northern three-quarters of Idaho county),
+-# most of Nevada, most of Oregon, and Washington
++# Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
++# north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
++# Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern 3/4 of
++# Malheur county), and Washington
+ #
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+ Rule CA 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00 1:00 D
+@@ -424,15 +421,18 @@ Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 Nov 1
+ # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.) However, there
+ # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
+ # it's best to simply use the official transition.
+-#
+
+-# From Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31):
+-# The author lives in Alaska and many of the references listed are only
+-# available to Alaskan residents.
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
++# One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
++# daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
++# "Welcome to Juneau. Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
++# See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
++# http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
+ #
+-#
+-# http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98
+-#
++# Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
++# Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
++# Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
++# http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
+ # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
+@@ -458,12 +458,10 @@ Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 Nov 1
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
+ # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
+ # Community office (using contact information available at
+-#
+ # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
+-# ).
+ # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
+ # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
+-# that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no--they were on their
++# that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
+ # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
+ # did not inquire about practices in the past.
+
+@@ -496,7 +494,7 @@ Zone America/Metlakatla 15:13:42 - LMT 1867 Oct 1
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1946
+ -8:00 - PST 1969
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
+- -8:00 - MeST
++ -8:00 - PST
+ Zone America/Yakutat 14:41:05 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
+ -9:18:55 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
+ -9:00 - YST 1942
+@@ -559,9 +557,7 @@ Zone America/Adak 12:13:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
+ # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
+ # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
+ # the article is available at
+-#
+ # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
+-#
+ # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
+ # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
+ # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
+@@ -600,6 +596,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1896 Jan 13
+ -10:30 - HST 1947 Jun 8 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
+ -10:00 - HST
+
++Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
++
+ # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
+
+ # Arizona mostly uses MST.
+@@ -607,9 +605,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1896 Jan 13
+ # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
+ #
+ # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
+-#
+-# Daylight Saving Time web page (2002-01-23) maintained by the
+-# Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
++# Daylight Saving Time web page
++# (2002-01-23)
++# maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
+ # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
+ # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
+ # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
+@@ -636,9 +634,10 @@ Zone America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 11
+ # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
+ # large size and location in three states." (The "only" means that other
+ # tribal nations don't use DST.)
++#
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
++# See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
+
+-Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
+-
+ # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
+ # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
+ # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
+@@ -657,9 +656,8 @@ Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:1
+ # Indiana
+ #
+ # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
+-#
+-# What time is it in Indiana?
+-# (2006-03-01)
++# What time is it in Indiana? (2006-03-01)
++#
+ #
+ # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
+ # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
+@@ -666,7 +664,7 @@ Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:1
+ # with the following exceptions:
+ #
+ # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
+-# Vandenburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
++# Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
+ #
+ # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
+ #
+@@ -677,30 +675,27 @@ Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:1
+ # and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
+ #
+ # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
+-# and wrote ``Even newspaper reports present contradictory information.''
++# and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
+ # Those Hoosiers! Such a flighty and changeable people!
+ # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
+ #
+ # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
+-# that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the `America' level.
+-# So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory `America/Indiana'.
++# that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
++# So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
+ # http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html says that Indiana will use DST starting 2006.
+
+-# From Nathan Stratton Treadway (2006-03-30):
+-# http://www.dot.gov/affairs/dot0406.htm [3705 B]
+-# From Deborah Goldsmith (2006-01-18):
+-# http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/pdf95/382329_web.pdf [2.9 MB]
+-# From Paul Eggert (2006-01-20):
+-# It says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
++# https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
++# says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
+ # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
+ # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
+-# this rule is 2:OO a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
++# this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
+ # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
+-# Strictly speaking, this means the affected counties will change their
+-# clocks twice that night, but this obviously is in error. The intent
+-# is that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
++# Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
++# clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error. The intent
++# was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
+
+ # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
+ # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
+@@ -872,10 +867,9 @@ Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 18
+ #
+ # Wayne County, Kentucky
+ #
+-# From
+-#
+-# Lake Cumberland LIFE
+-# (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
++# From Lake Cumberland LIFE
++#
++# (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
+ # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
+ # the Central to the Eastern time zone.... The Wayne County government made
+ # the same request in December. And while Russell County officials have not
+@@ -892,9 +886,8 @@ Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 18
+ #
+ # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
+ # The final rule was published in the
+-#
+-# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), page 50154-50158.
+-#
++# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
++#
+ #
+ Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1946
+@@ -919,9 +912,8 @@ Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 18
+ # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
+ # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
+ # 1999-10-31. See the
+-#
+-# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), page 56705-56707.
+-#
++# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
++#
+ # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
+ # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
+ # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
+@@ -947,8 +939,8 @@ Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 18
+ # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
+ #
+ # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
+-# Garland (1927) writes ``Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
+-# one hour in 1914.'' This change is not in Shanks. We have no more
++# Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
++# one hour in 1914." This change is not in Shanks. We have no more
+ # info, so omit this for now.
+ #
+ # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
+@@ -988,7 +980,7 @@ Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18
+ # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
+ # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
+ # currently uninhabited
+-# see Mark Fineman, ``An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord'',
++# see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
+ # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
+ # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
+
+@@ -1015,19 +1007,22 @@ Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18
+ # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
+ # which I found in the UCLA library.
+ #
+-#
+ # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
+-# (1914-03)
++#
++# [PDF] (1914-03)
+ #
+-# See the `europe' file for Greenland.
++# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
++# .
++#
++# See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
+
+ # Canada
+
+-# From Alain LaBont (1994-11-14):
++# From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
+ # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
+ # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
+ #
+-# UTC Standard time Daylight savings time
++# UTC Standard time Daylight saving time
+ # offset French English French English
+ # -2:30 - - HAT NDT
+ # -3 - - HAA ADT
+@@ -1040,7 +1035,7 @@ Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18
+ # -9 HNY YST - -
+ #
+ # HN: Heure Normale ST: Standard Time
+-# HA: Heure Avance DT: Daylight saving Time
++# HA: Heure Avancée DT: Daylight saving Time
+ #
+ # A: de l'Atlantique Atlantic
+ # C: du Centre Central
+@@ -1104,15 +1099,15 @@ Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
+ # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
+-#
+ # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
+-# contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
++#
++# contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
+ # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
+ #
+-# INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has
++# INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has
+ # information about standard and daylight saving time zones in Canada.
+-# (updated periodically).
++#
++# (updated periodically).
+ # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
+@@ -1121,9 +1116,7 @@ Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18
+
+ # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
+ # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
+-#
+ # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
+-#
+ # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
+ # The quote includes these two statements:
+ # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
+@@ -1191,9 +1184,7 @@ Rule StJohns 1960 1986 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+ # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
+ # now occurs at 2:00AM.
+ # ...
+-#
+ # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
+-#
+ # ...
+ # MICHAEL PELLEY | Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
+ # Office of the Chief Information Officer
+@@ -1220,7 +1211,7 @@ Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884
+
+ # most of east Labrador
+
+-# The name `Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use `Goose Bay'.
++# The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
+ -3:30:52 - NST 1918
+@@ -1337,22 +1328,23 @@ Zone America/Moncton -4:19:08 - LMT 1883 Dec 9
+
+ # Quebec
+
+-# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
+-# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Quebec has been
+-# like Montreal.
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-30):
++# Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto.
++# However, because earlier versions of the tz database mistakenly relied on data
++# from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec differed from Ontario after 1970,
++# a separate entry was created for most of Quebec. We're loath to lose
++# its pre-1970 info, even though the tz database is normally limited to
++# zones that differ after 1970, so keep this otherwise out-of-scope entry.
+
+-# From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
+ # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
+ # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
+ # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
+-# In "Official time in Quebec" the Quebec department of justice writes in
+-# http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-regl-1-a.htm
+-# that "The residents of the Municipality of the
+-# Cote-Nord-du-Golfe-Saint-Laurent and the municipalities of Saint-Augustin,
+-# Bonne-Esperance and Blanc-Sablon apply the Official Time Act as it is
+-# written and use Atlantic standard time all year round. The same applies to
+-# the residents of the Native facilities along the lower North Shore."
+-#
++# The Quebec department of justice writes in
++# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
++# http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
++# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
++# observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
++# http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
+ # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
+ # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
+ # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
+@@ -1399,7 +1391,6 @@ Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884
+ -5:00 Mont E%sT 1974
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT
+
+-
+ # Ontario
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
+@@ -1417,7 +1408,7 @@ Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884
+ # have already done so. In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
+ # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
+ # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
+-# only two weeks -- I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
++# only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
+ # presumably that should be -07-06. (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
+ # earlier in June).
+ #
+@@ -1427,10 +1418,8 @@ Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884
+ # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
+ # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
+ # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
+-# He also writes that the
+-#
+-# Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
+-#
++# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
++#
+ # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
+ # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
+ # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
+@@ -1509,9 +1498,7 @@ Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884
+ # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
+ # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
+ # was available at
+-#
+ # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
+-#
+ #
+ # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
+ #
+@@ -1529,19 +1516,19 @@ Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884
+ # Quebec In the following places:
+ # Montreal Lachine
+ # Quebec Mont-Royal
+-# Levis Iberville
+-# St. Lambert Cap de la Madeleine
++# Lévis Iberville
++# St. Lambert Cap de la Madelèine
+ # Verdun Loretteville
+ # Westmount Richmond
+-# Outremont St. Jerome
++# Outremont St. Jérôme
+ # Longueuil Greenfield Park
+ # Arvida Waterloo
+ # Chambly-Canton Beaulieu
+ # Melbourne La Tuque
+-# St. Theophile Buckingham
++# St. Théophile Buckingham
+ # Ontario Used generally in the cities and towns along
+ # the southerly part of the province. Not
+-# used in the northwesterlhy part.
++# used in the northwesterly part.
+ # Manitoba Not used.
+ # Saskatchewan In Regina only.
+ # Alberta Not used.
+@@ -1618,7 +1605,7 @@ Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895
+ -6:00 - CST 1910
+ -5:00 - EST 1942
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970
+- -5:00 Mont E%sT 1973
++ -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1973
+ -5:00 - EST 1974
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT
+ Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895
+@@ -1645,7 +1632,7 @@ Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895
+ # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
+ # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
+ # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
+-# I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had =
++# I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
+ # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
+ # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
+ # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
+@@ -1823,9 +1810,7 @@ Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
+ # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
+ # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
+ # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
+-#
+ # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
+-#
+ # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
+ # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
+ # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
+@@ -1836,9 +1821,7 @@ Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
+ # as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing the
+ # article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the subject
+ # of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
+-#
+ # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
+-#
+
+ # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
+ # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
+@@ -1857,9 +1840,7 @@ Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
+ # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
+ # (UTC-7) forever.
+ # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
+-#
+ # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
+-#
+
+ # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
+ # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
+@@ -1913,9 +1894,8 @@ Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
+
+ # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
+ # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
+-#
+ # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
+-#
++#
+ #
+ # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
+ # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
+@@ -1922,9 +1902,9 @@ Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
+ # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
+-#
+ # Basic Facts: The New Territory
+-# (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
++#
++# (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
+ # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST. We don't know when
+ # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
+
+@@ -1952,8 +1932,8 @@ Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
+ # the current state of affairs.
+
+ # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
+-#
+-# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
++# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19)
++# :
+ # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
+ # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
+ # for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then]
+@@ -1971,10 +1951,8 @@ Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
+ # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
+ # required to use daylight savings.
+
+-# From
+-#
+-# Nunavut now has two time zones
+-# (2000-11-10):
++# From
++# Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
+ # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
+ # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
+ # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
+@@ -2065,9 +2043,7 @@ Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
+ # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
+ # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
+ # Aziz:
+-#
+ # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
+-#
+ #
+ # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
+ # Eastern Standard Time.
+@@ -2157,9 +2133,8 @@ Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
+ # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
+ # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
+ # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
+-#
+ # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
+-# .
++# .
+ #
+ # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
+ # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
+@@ -2204,9 +2179,8 @@ Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
+ # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
+ # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
+ # For an English translation of the decree, see
+-#
+-# ``Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover'' (1996-01-04).
+-#
++# "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04)
++# .
+
+ # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
+ # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
+@@ -2218,7 +2192,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
+ # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
+ # Arizona year round.
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard, translating
++# From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
+ # (2001-01-17):
+ # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
+ # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
+@@ -2239,23 +2213,22 @@ Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
+ # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
+ # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
+ # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
+-# ... Mexico City Mayor Lopez Obrador "...is threatening to keep
++# ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
+ # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
+-# the rest of the country..." In particular, Lopez Obrador would abolish
++# the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
+ # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
+
+-#
+ # Official statute published by the Energy Department
+-# (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
+-# and Sonora with no DST. This was reported by Jesper Norgaard (2001-02-03).
++#
++# (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
++# and Sonora with no DST. This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
+ #
+-#
++#
+ # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
+-#
+ # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
+-# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador decreed that
++# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
+ # the Federal District will not adopt DST.
+ # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
+ # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
+@@ -2263,7 +2236,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
+ #
+ # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard (2001-04-01):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
+ # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
+ # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
+ # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
+@@ -2272,7 +2245,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
+ # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
+ # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
+ # September 30, 2001.
+-# References: "Diario de Monterrey"
++# References: "Diario de Monterrey"
+ # Palabra (2001-03-31)
+
+ # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
+@@ -2284,7 +2257,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
+ # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
+ # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
+ # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
+ # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
+ # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
+@@ -2298,48 +2271,36 @@ Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
+ # > the United States.
+ # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
+ # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
+-#
+ # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
+-#
+ # (Spanish)
+ #
+ # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
+-#
+ # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
+-#
+ # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
+ #
+ # There is also a list of the votes here:
+-#
+ # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
+-#
+ #
+ # Our page:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
+-#
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
+ # The page
+-#
+ # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
+-#
+ # includes this text:
+ # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
+-# Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
+-# Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
+-# Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
+-# desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
++# Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
++# Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
++# Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
++# desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
+ # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
+ # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
+-# fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
+-# internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
+-# kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
+-# interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
+-# efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
++# fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
++# internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
++# kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
++# interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
++# efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
+ # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
+
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+@@ -2358,23 +2319,23 @@ Rule Mexico 2001 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+ Rule Mexico 2002 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Mexico 2002 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-# Quintana Roo
++# Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
+ Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56
+ -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
+ -5:00 Mexico E%sT 1998 Aug 2 2:00
+ -6:00 Mexico C%sT
+-# Campeche, Yucatan
++# Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
+ Zone America/Merida -5:58:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:01:32
+ -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
+ -5:00 - EST 1982 Dec 2
+ -6:00 Mexico C%sT
+-# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (near US border)
++# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
+ Zone America/Matamoros -6:40:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1988
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1989
+ -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2010
+ -6:00 US C%sT
+-# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
++# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
+ Zone America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
+ -6:00 - CST 1988
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1989
+@@ -2426,36 +2387,26 @@ Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31
+ -7:00 - MST
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
+-# According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
++# According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
+ # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
+ # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
+ #
+ # (Spanish)
+-# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
+-# país, a partir de este domingo
+-#
++# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
++# país, a partir de este domingo
+ # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
+-#
+ #
+-# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
+-# País
+-#
+-# http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50"
+-#
++# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
++# País
++# http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
+ #
+ # (English)
+-# Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
+-#
++# Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
+ # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
+-#
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
+-#
+ #
+ # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
+-# will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
++# will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
+ # zone ..."
+ # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
+
+@@ -2462,6 +2413,7 @@ Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
+ # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
+
++# Mazatlán
+ Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
+ -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
+@@ -2473,6 +2425,7 @@ Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 2
+ -8:00 - PST 1970
+ -7:00 Mexico M%sT
+
++# Bahía de Banderas
+ Zone America/Bahia_Banderas -7:01:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
+ -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
+@@ -2529,7 +2482,7 @@ Zone America/Santa_Isabel -7:39:28 - LMT 1922 Jan
+ # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
+ # through 1995. This was as per Shanks (1999). But Shanks & Pottenger say
+ # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975. Guy Harris reports
+-# that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and
++# that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
+ # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
+ # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then. This concerns
+ # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
+@@ -2542,9 +2495,7 @@ Zone America/Santa_Isabel -7:39:28 - LMT 1922 Jan
+ ###############################################################################
+
+ # Anguilla
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone America/Anguilla -4:12:16 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
+- -4:00 - AST
++# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+ # Antigua and Barbuda
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -2554,6 +2505,8 @@ Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
+
+ # Bahamas
+ #
++# For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
++#
+ # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
+ # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
+ # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
+@@ -2563,11 +2516,14 @@ Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
+ Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+ Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone America/Nassau -5:09:24 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
++Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
+ -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976
+ -5:00 US E%sT
+
+ # Barbados
++
++# For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
+@@ -2575,8 +2531,8 @@ Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
+ Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone America/Barbados -3:58:28 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
+- -3:58:28 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
++Zone America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
++ -3:58:29 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
+ -4:00 Barb A%sT
+
+ # Belize
+@@ -2594,6 +2550,9 @@ Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr
+
+ # Bermuda
+
++# For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
++# Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I; round that.
++
+ # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
+
+ # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
+@@ -2603,18 +2562,21 @@ Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr
+ # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
+
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:04 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
++Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
+ -4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
+- -4:00 Bahamas A%sT 1976
++ -4:00 Canada A%sT 1976
+ -4:00 US A%sT
+
+ # Cayman Is
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown
+- -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
++ -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+ -5:00 - EST
+
+ # Costa Rica
++
++# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
+@@ -2623,10 +2585,10 @@ Rule CR 1991 1992 - Jan Sat>=15 0:00 1:00 D
+ # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+ Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
+ Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
+-# There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
++# There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:20 - LMT 1890 # San Jose
+- -5:36:20 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
++Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 - LMT 1890 # San José
++ -5:36:13 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
+ -6:00 CR C%sT
+ # Coco
+ # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
+@@ -2633,6 +2595,11 @@ Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
+
+ # Cuba
+
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
++# Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
++# for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
++# For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
++
+ # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
+ # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
+ # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
+@@ -2640,10 +2607,15 @@ Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
+ # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
+ # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
+ # Time today." (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
+-# sleep on 1999-03-28--when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
+-# to DST--and one more hour on 1999-04-04--when the announcers will have
++# sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
++# to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
+ # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
+
++# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
++# DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the
++# years before. The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ...
++# https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html
++
+ # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
+ # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+@@ -2658,16 +2630,16 @@ Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
+ # adjustment in Cuba. We will stay in daylight saving time:
+ # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
+ # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
+ # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
+ # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
+ # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
+-# watches should be set back one hour -- going back to 00:00 hours -- returning
++# watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
+ # to the normal schedule....
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
+-# http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html, dated yesterday,
++# , dated yesterday,
+ # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
+ # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
+ # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
+@@ -2681,10 +2653,10 @@ Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
+ # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
+ # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
+ #
+-# From Alex Kryvenishev (2007-10-25):
++# From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
+ # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
+ #
+-# [Regira] el Horario Normal desde el [proximo] domingo 28 de octubre
++# Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
+ # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
+ #
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
+@@ -2692,9 +2664,8 @@ Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
+ # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
+ # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
+-#
+ # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
+-# , a Cuban information station, and heard
++# a Cuban information station, and heard
+ # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
+ # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
+
+@@ -2701,14 +2672,10 @@ Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
+ # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
+ # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
+-#
+ # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
+-#
+ #
+ # Some more background information is posted here:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
+-#
+ #
+ # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
+ # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
+@@ -2718,18 +2685,14 @@ Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
+ # change some historic records as well.
+ #
+ # One example:
+-#
+ # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
+-#
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
+ # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
+ # web site, the Granma. Please check out
+-#
+ # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
+-#
+ #
+-# Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsens information, the change
++# Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
+ # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
+@@ -2740,18 +2703,14 @@ Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
+ # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
+ # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
+ # (in Spanish)
+-#
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
+ # I listened over the Internet to
+-#
+ # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
+-#
+ # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
+-# the time was announced as "diez cinco"--the same time as here, indicating
++# the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
+ # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
+@@ -2760,14 +2719,10 @@ Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
+ # changed at all).
+ #
+ # Source:
+-#
+ # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
+-#
+ #
+ # Our info:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
+-#
+ #
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
+ # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
+@@ -2774,14 +2729,10 @@ Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
+ # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
+ #
+ # One source (Spanish)
+-#
+ # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
+-#
+ #
+ # Our page:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
+-#
+ #
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
+ # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
+@@ -2788,14 +2739,10 @@ Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
+ # 31 and April 1.
+ #
+ # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
+-#
+ # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
+-#
+ #
+ # Our info on it:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
+ # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
+@@ -2833,7 +2780,8 @@ Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00s 0 S
+ Rule Cuba 1997 only - Oct 12 0:00s 0 S
+ Rule Cuba 1998 1999 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
+ Rule Cuba 1998 2003 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
+-Rule Cuba 2000 2004 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D
++Rule Cuba 2000 2003 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D
++Rule Cuba 2004 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
+ Rule Cuba 2006 2010 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
+ Rule Cuba 2007 only - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
+ Rule Cuba 2008 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
+@@ -2850,9 +2798,7 @@ Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
+ -5:00 Cuba C%sT
+
+ # Dominica
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau
+- -4:00 - AST
++# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+ # Dominican Republic
+
+@@ -2901,24 +2847,16 @@ Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # Sa
+ -6:00 Salv C%sT
+
+ # Grenada
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's
+- -4:00 - AST
+-
+ # Guadeloupe
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe a Pitre
+- -4:00 - AST
+-# St Barthelemy
+-Link America/Guadeloupe America/St_Barthelemy
++# St Barthélemy
+ # St Martin (French part)
+-Link America/Guadeloupe America/Marigot
++# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+ # Guatemala
+ #
+ # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
+ # Diario Co Latino, at
+-# http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079,
++# ,
+ # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
+ # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
+ # impact of the elevated cost of oil.... Daylight saving time will last from
+@@ -2943,11 +2881,10 @@ Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5
+
+ # Haiti
+ # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
+-# Risto O. Nykanen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
+-# I searched for confirmation, and I found a
+-# press release
++# Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
++# I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
+ # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
+-# . Translated from French, it says:
++# . Translated from French, it says:
+ #
+ # "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
+ # and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
+@@ -2981,25 +2918,22 @@ Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5
+ # apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
+ # So this means they have already changed their time.
+ #
+-# (Sources in French):
+-#
+ # http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
+-#
+-#
+ # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
+-#
+ #
+-# Our coverage:
+-#
+-# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/haiti-dst-2012.html
+-#
+-
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
+ # The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
+ # 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
+-# Assume a US-style fall back as well XXX.
+-# Do not yet assume that the change carries forward past 2012 XXX.
++# Assume a US-style fall back as well.
+
++# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10):
++# It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules
++# as US/Canada. They did it last year as well, and it looks like they
++# are going to observe DST every year now...
++#
++# http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
++# http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
+@@ -3010,8 +2944,8 @@ Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
+ Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S
+ Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
+-Rule Haiti 2012 only - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
+-Rule Haiti 2012 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
++Rule Haiti 2012 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
++Rule Haiti 2012 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890
+ -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
+@@ -3027,7 +2961,7 @@ Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890
+ # that Manuel Zelaya, the president
+ # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
+ # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
+ # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
+@@ -3058,17 +2992,12 @@ Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr
+ # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
+
+ # Jamaica
+-
+-# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
+-# Follows US rules.
+-
+-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
+-# JAMAICA 5 H BEHIND UTC
+-
+-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
++# Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
++# unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
++# island". Go with Milne. Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:12 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
+- -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
++Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:11 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
++ -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+ -5:00 - EST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1984
+ -5:00 - EST
+@@ -3082,12 +3011,7 @@ Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+ # Montserrat
+-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+-# In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
+-# world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now.
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill
+- -4:00 - AST
++# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+ # Nicaragua
+ #
+@@ -3112,25 +3036,25 @@ Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890
+ # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
+ # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
+ # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
+-# during the Arnoldo Aleman administration."...
++# during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
+ # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
+ # since December 1998. I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
+ # changes in 2000. Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
+ # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
+ #
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
+ # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
+ # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
+ # (2005-09-26)
+ #
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
+ # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
+ # (my informal translation)
+-# By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolanos, Nicaragua
++# By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
+ # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
+-# morning, and will stay that way until 30.th. of september.
++# morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
+ #
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
+ # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
+ # My informal translation runs:
+ # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
+@@ -3157,11 +3081,11 @@ Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890
+ # Panama
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890
+- -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colon Mean Time
++ -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
+ -5:00 - EST
+
+ # Puerto Rico
+-# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use `Puerto_Rico'.
++# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
+ -4:00 - AST 1942 May 3
+@@ -3169,18 +3093,11 @@ Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 2
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+ # St Kitts-Nevis
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Basseterre
+- -4:00 - AST
+-
+ # St Lucia
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries
+- -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time
+- -4:00 - AST
++# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+ # St Pierre and Miquelon
+-# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use `Miquelon'.
++# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
+ -4:00 - AST 1980 May
+@@ -3188,10 +3105,7 @@ Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 #
+ -3:00 Canada PM%sT
+
+ # St Vincent and the Grenadines
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown
+- -4:04:56 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time
+- -4:00 - AST
++# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+ # Turks and Caicos
+ #
+@@ -3221,15 +3135,14 @@ Rule TC 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
+ Rule TC 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
+- -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
++ -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+ -5:00 TC E%sT
+
+ # British Virgin Is
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town
+- -4:00 - AST
++# Virgin Is
++# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+-# Virgin Is
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie
+- -4:00 - AST
++
++# Local Variables:
++# coding: utf-8
++# End:
+Index: share/zoneinfo/pacificnew
+===================================================================
+--- share/zoneinfo/pacificnew (revision 273102)
++++ share/zoneinfo/pacificnew (working copy)
+@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
+-#
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+Index: share/zoneinfo/southamerica
+===================================================================
+--- share/zoneinfo/southamerica (revision 273102)
++++ share/zoneinfo/southamerica (working copy)
+@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
+-#
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+@@ -11,6 +10,10 @@
+ # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+ # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+ #
++# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
++# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
++# .
++#
+ # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
+ # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+ # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+@@ -26,17 +29,17 @@
+ # I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
+ # _daylight-saving time_. _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
+ # in Europe and South America.
+-# -- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
++# -- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
+ # H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
+ #
+ # Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
+ # for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
+-# "summer time". Reinaldo Goulart, a Sao Paulo businessman active in
++# "summer time". Reinaldo Goulart, a São Paulo businessman active in
+ # the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
+ # The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
+-# Brazil. Let's say that "the Brasilia time" is considered the
+-# "official time" because Brasilia is the capital city.
+-# The other three time zones are called "Brasilia time "minus one" or
++# Brazil. Let's say that "the Brasília time" is considered the
++# "official time" because Brasília is the capital city.
++# The other three time zones are called "Brasília time "minus one" or
+ # "plus one" or "plus two". As far as I know there is no such
+ # name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
+ # So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
+@@ -43,7 +46,7 @@
+ # Corrections are welcome!
+ # std dst
+ # -2:00 FNT FNST Fernando de Noronha
+-# -3:00 BRT BRST Brasilia
++# -3:00 BRT BRST Brasília
+ # -4:00 AMT AMST Amazon
+ # -5:00 ACT ACST Acre
+
+@@ -57,7 +60,7 @@
+ # Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
+ # Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974. Switches at midnight.
+
+-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-199):
++# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-19):
+ # ARGENTINA 3 H BEHIND UTC
+
+ # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
+@@ -91,7 +94,7 @@ Rule Arg 1988 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
+ # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
+ # These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
+ # obtaining the data from the:
+-# Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina
++# Talleres de Hidrografía Naval Argentina
+ # (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
+ Rule Arg 1989 1993 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Arg 1989 1992 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+@@ -113,13 +116,13 @@ Rule Arg 1999 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Arg 2000 only - Mar 3 0:00 0 -
+ #
+ # From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
+-# We just checked with our Sao Paulo office and they say the government of
++# We just checked with our São Paulo office and they say the government of
+ # Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
+ # So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
+ #
+-# From Fabian L. Arce Jofre (2000-04-04):
++# From Fabián L. Arce Jofré (2000-04-04):
+ # The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
+-# de la Rua on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
++# de la Rúa on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
+ # in the winter time, rather than less. The change took effect on March 3.
+ #
+ # From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
+@@ -152,15 +155,13 @@ Rule Arg 2000 only - Mar 3 0:00 0 -
+ # that Argentina will use DST next year as well, from October to
+ # March, although exact rules are not given.
+ #
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
+ # The last hurdle of Argentina DST is over, the proposal was approved in
+-# the lower chamber too (Deputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
++# the lower chamber too (Diputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
+ # By the way thanks to Mariano Absatz and Daniel Mario Vega for the link to
+ # the original scanned proposal, where the dates and the zero hours are
+ # clear and unambiguous...This is the article about final approval:
+-#
+ # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/nota.asp?nota_id=973996
+-#
+ #
+ # From Paul Eggert (2007-12-22):
+ # For dates after mid-2008, the following rules are my guesses and
+@@ -170,13 +171,8 @@ Rule Arg 2000 only - Mar 3 0:00 0 -
+ # As per message from Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz (Nicaragua),
+ # Argentina will start DST on Sunday October 19, 2008.
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina03.html
+-#
+-# OR
+-#
+ # http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=57832 (in spanish)
+-#
+
+ # From Rodrigo Severo (2008-10-06):
+ # Here is some info available at a Gentoo bug related to TZ on Argentina's DST:
+@@ -185,48 +181,37 @@ Rule Arg 2000 only - Mar 3 0:00 0 -
+ # Hi, there is a problem with timezone-data-2008e and maybe with
+ # timezone-data-2008f
+ # Argentinian law [Number] 25.155 is no longer valid.
+-#
+ # http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/60000-64999/60036/norma.htm
+-#
+ # The new one is law [Number] 26.350
+-#
+ # http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/135000-139999/136191/norma.htm
+-#
+ # So there is no summer time in Argentina for now.
+
+ # From Mariano Absatz (2008-10-20):
+ # Decree 1693/2008 applies Law 26.350 for the summer 2008/2009 establishing DST in Argentina
+ # From 2008-10-19 until 2009-03-15
+-#
+ # http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=16102008&pi=3&pf=4&s=0&sec=01
+-#
+ #
+-# Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer 2008/2009:
+-# Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La Pampa, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz
+-# and Tierra del Fuego
+-#
++
++# Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer
++# 2008/2009: Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La
++# Pampa, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego
+ # http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=17102008&pi=1&pf=1&s=0&sec=01
+-#
+ #
+ # Press release 235 dated Saturday October 18th, from the Government of the Province of Jujuy saying
+ # it will not apply DST either (even when it was not included in Decree 1705/2008)
+-#
+ # http://www.jujuy.gov.ar/index2/partes_prensa/18_10_08/235-181008.doc
+-#
+
+ # From fullinet (2009-10-18):
+ # As announced in
+-#
+ # http://www.argentina.gob.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=356
+-#
+ # (an official .gob.ar) under title: "Sin Cambio de Hora" (english: "No hour change")
+ #
+-# "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvio no modificar la hora
+-# oficial, decision que estaba en estudio para su implementacion el
+-# domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificacion se anuncio
+-# que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorologicas, no necesita
+-# la modificacion del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
+-# crecimiento en la produccion y distribucion energetica."
++# "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvió no modificar la hora
++# oficial, decisión que estaba en estudio para su implementación el
++# domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificación se anunció
++# que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorológicas, no necesita
++# la modificación del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
++# crecimiento en la producción y distribución energética."
+
+ Rule Arg 2007 only - Dec 30 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Arg 2008 2009 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+@@ -241,9 +226,9 @@ Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ # now we'll assume it's for this year only.
+ #
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+-#
+ # Hora de verano para la Republica Argentina (2003-06-08)
+-# says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
++#
++# says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
+ # to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25. Go with this more-precise value
+ # over Shanks & Pottenger.
+ #
+@@ -258,10 +243,10 @@ Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ # time in October 17th.
+ #
+ # Catamarca, Chubut, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz,
+-# Tierra del Fuego, Tucuman.
++# Tierra del Fuego, Tucumán.
+ #
+ # From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-14):
+-# ... this weekend, the Province of Tucuman decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
++# ... this weekend, the Province of Tucumán decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
+ # yesterday midnight (that is, at 24:00 Saturday 12th), since the people's
+ # annoyance with the change is much higher than the power savings obtained....
+ #
+@@ -296,28 +281,19 @@ Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ # Here are articles that Argentina Province San Luis is planning to end DST
+ # as earlier as upcoming Monday January 21, 2008 or February 2008:
+ #
+-# Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del pais
++# Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del país
+ # (Argentine Province delayed clock and mark difference with the rest of the
+ # country)
+-#
+ # http://cl.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200801171849_EFE_ET4373&idtel
+-#
+ #
+ # Es inminente que en San Luis atrasen una hora los relojes
+ # (It is imminent in San Luis clocks one hour delay)
+-#
+-# http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/vernotae.asp?id_nota=253414
+-#
+-#
+-#
++# http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/nota/253414/Economia/Es-inminente-que-en-San-Luis-atrasen-una-hora-los-relojes.html
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_argentina02.html
+-#
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
+ # The page of the San Luis provincial government
+-#
+ # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=0&id=22812
+-#
+ # confirms what Alex Krivenyshev has earlier sent to the tz
+ # emailing list about that San Luis plans to return to standard
+ # time much earlier than the rest of the country. It also
+@@ -330,15 +306,13 @@ Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ # independent changes in the southamerica file of San Luis in
+ # 1990 and 1991 which has not been confirmed).
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
+ # Unfortunately the below page has become defunct, about the San Luis
+ # time change. Perhaps because it now is part of a group of pages "Most
+ # important pages of 2008."
+ #
+ # You can use
+-#
+ # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=8141&id=22834
+-#
+ # instead it seems. Or use "Buscador" from the main page of the San Luis
+ # government, and fill in "huso" and click OK, and you will get 3 pages
+ # from which the first one is identical to the above.
+@@ -372,30 +346,15 @@ Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ # to utc-04:00 until the second Saturday in October...
+ #
+ # The press release is at
+-#
+ # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/SL/Paginas/NoticiaDetalle.asp?TemaId=1&InfoPrensaId=3102
+-#
+-# (I couldn't find the decree, but
+-#
+-# www.sanluis.gov.ar
+-#
+-# is the official page for the Province Government).
++# (I couldn't find the decree, but www.sanluis.gov.ar
++# is the official page for the Province Government.)
+ #
+-# There's also a note in only one of the major national papers (La Nacin) at
+-#
++# There's also a note in only one of the major national papers ...
+ # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1107912
+-#
+ #
+-# The press release says:
+-# (...) anunci que el prximo domingo a las 00:00 los puntanos debern
+-# atrasar una hora sus relojes.
+-#
+-# A partir de entonces, San Luis establecer el huso horario propio de
+-# la Provincia. De esta manera, durante el periodo del calendario anual
+-# 2009, el cambio horario quedar comprendido entre las 00:00 del tercer
+-# domingo de marzo y las 24:00 del segundo sbado de octubre.
+-# Quick&dirty translation
+-# (...) announced that next Sunday, at 00:00, Puntanos (the San Luis
++# The press release says [quick and dirty translation]:
++# ... announced that next Sunday, at 00:00, Puntanos (the San Luis
+ # inhabitants) will have to turn back one hour their clocks
+ #
+ # Since then, San Luis will establish its own Province timezone. Thus,
+@@ -406,9 +365,7 @@ Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ # ...the Province of San Luis is a case in itself.
+ #
+ # The Law at
+-#
+ # is ambiguous because establishes a calendar from the 2nd Sunday in
+ # October at 0:00 thru the 2nd Saturday in March at 24:00 and the
+ # complement of that starting on the 2nd Sunday of March at 0:00 and
+@@ -439,17 +396,13 @@ Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-09):
+ # According to news reports from El Diario de la Republica Province San
+ # Luis, Argentina (standard time UTC-04) will keep Daylight Saving Time
+-# after April 11, 2010--will continue to have same time as rest of
++# after April 11, 2010 - will continue to have same time as rest of
+ # Argentina (UTC-3) (no DST).
+ #
+-# Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
+-#
++# Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
+ # http://www.eldiariodelarepublica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29383&Itemid=9
+-#
+ # or (some English translation):
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina08.html
+-#
+
+ # From Mariano Absatz (2010-04-12):
+ # yes...I can confirm this...and given that San Luis keeps calling
+@@ -457,11 +410,25 @@ Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ # rules...San Luis is still using "Western ARgentina Time" and it got
+ # stuck on Summer daylight savings time even though the summer is over.
+
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-05):
++# Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at UTC-4
++# with perpetual summer time, but ordinary usage typically seems to
++# just say it's at UTC-3; see, for example,
++# .
++# We've documented similar situations as being plain changes to
++# standard time, so let's do that here too. This does not change UTC
++# offsets, only tm_isdst and the time zone abbreviations. One minor
++# plus is that this silences a zic complaint that there's no POSIX TZ
++# setting for time stamps past 2038.
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
++# Milne says Córdoba time was -4:16:48.2. Round to the nearest second.
++
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ #
+ # Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
+ Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
++ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Córdoba Mean Time
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
+@@ -468,7 +435,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT
+ #
+-# Cordoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
++# Córdoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
+ # Chaco (CC), Formosa (FM), Santiago del Estero (SE)
+ #
+ # Shanks & Pottenger also make the following claims, which we haven't verified:
+@@ -488,7 +455,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT 1894
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT
+ #
+-# Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquen (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
++# Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquén (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
+ Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+@@ -500,7 +467,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT 1894 O
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 2008 Oct 18
+ -3:00 - ART
+ #
+-# Tucuman (TM)
++# Tucumán (TM)
+ Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+@@ -591,7 +558,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT 1894
+ # San Luis (SL)
+
+ Rule SanLuis 2008 2009 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00 0 -
+-Rule SanLuis 2007 2009 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
++Rule SanLuis 2007 2008 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
+
+ Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+@@ -607,11 +574,12 @@ Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT 189
+ -3:00 - ART 2004 May 31
+ -4:00 - WART 2004 Jul 25
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 2008 Jan 21
+- -4:00 SanLuis WAR%sT
++ -4:00 SanLuis WAR%sT 2009 Oct 11
++ -3:00 - ART
+ #
+ # Santa Cruz (SC)
+ Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
++ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Córdoba Mean Time
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
+@@ -621,9 +589,9 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 2008 Oct 18
+ -3:00 - ART
+ #
+-# Tierra del Fuego, Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (TF)
++# Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (TF)
+ Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+- -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
++ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Córdoba Mean Time
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
+@@ -634,10 +602,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894
+ -3:00 - ART
+
+ # Aruba
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad
+- -4:30 - ANT 1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
+- -4:00 - AST
++Link America/Curacao America/Aruba
+
+ # Bolivia
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -657,13 +622,13 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+
+ # From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
+ # _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
+-# Santa Catarina (SC), Parana (PR), Sao Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
+-# Espirito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goias (GO),
++# Santa Catarina (SC), Paraná (PR), São Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
++# Espírito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goiás (GO),
+ # Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
+ # [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
+
+ # From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
+-# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goias until 1989), and other
++# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goiás until 1989), and other
+ # sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
+ # always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
+ # The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91. Each issue from then until
+@@ -677,16 +642,14 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+ # However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
+ # Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil. For each
+ # airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM. From that
+-# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapa (AP), Ceara (CE),
+-# Maranhao (MA), Paraiba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piaui (PI), and Rio Grande do
+-# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Para (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
++# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapá (AP), Ceará (CE),
++# Maranhão (MA), Paraíba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piauí (PI), and Rio Grande do
++# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Pará (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
+
+ # From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
+-#
+-# Brazilian official page
+-#
++# Brazilian official page
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard (2000-11-03):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard (2000-11-03):
+ # [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
+ # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
+ # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm
+@@ -719,13 +682,13 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+
+ # From Paul Schulze (2008-06-24):
+ # ...by law number 11.662 of April 24, 2008 (published in the "Diario
+-# Oficial da Uniao"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
++# Oficial da União"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
+ # effective today (00:00am at June 24, 2008) as follows:
+ #
+ # a) The timezone UTC+5 is e[x]tinguished, with all the Acre state and the
+ # part of the Amazonas state that had this timezone now being put to the
+ # timezone UTC+4
+-# b) The whole Para state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
++# b) The whole Pará state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
+ # part of it, as was before.
+ #
+ # This change follows a proposal of senator Tiao Viana of Acre state, that
+@@ -738,13 +701,11 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+
+ # From Rodrigo Severo (2008-06-24):
+ # Just correcting the URL:
+-#
+ # https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=do&secao=1&pagina=1&data=25/04/2008
+-#
+ #
+ # As a result of the above Decree I believe the America/Rio_Branco
+ # timezone shall be modified from UTC-5 to UTC-4 and a new timezone shall
+-# be created to represent the...west side of the Para State. I
++# be created to represent the...west side of the Pará State. I
+ # suggest this new timezone be called Santarem as the most
+ # important/populated city in the affected area.
+ #
+@@ -753,19 +714,16 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+
+ # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-24):
+ # This is a quick reference page for New and Old Brazil Time Zones map.
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/brazil-time-new-old.php
+-#
+ #
+-# - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones-eliminating time zone UTC- 05
+-# (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT- 04) - western
+-# part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC- 03 (from UTC -04).
++# - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones - eliminating time zone UTC-05
++# (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT-04) - western
++# part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC-03 (from UTC-04).
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10):
+ # The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from
+-#
+-# Decretos sobre o Horario de Verao no Brasil
+-# .
++# Decretos sobre o Horário de Verão no Brasil
++# .
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-29):
+ # As announced by the government and many newspapers in Brazil late
+@@ -777,25 +735,17 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+ # It has not yet been posted to http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
+ #
+ # An official page about it:
+-#
+ # http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do?newsId=16722
+-#
+ # Note that this link does not always work directly, but must be accessed
+ # by going to
+-#
+ # http://www.mme.gov.br/first
+-#
+ #
+ # One example link that works directly:
+-#
+ # http://jornale.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13530&Itemid=54
+ # (Portuguese)
+-#
+ #
+ # We have a written a short article about it as well:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-dst-2008-2009.html
+-#
+ #
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-04):
+ # State Bahia will return to Daylight savings time this year after 8 years off.
+@@ -803,18 +753,13 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+ # television station in Salvador.
+
+ # In Portuguese:
+-#
+ # http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2011/10/governador-jaques-wagner-confirma-horario-de-verao-na-bahia.html
+-# and
+-#
+ # http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI5390887-EI8139,00-Bahia+volta+a+ter+horario+de+verao+apos+oito+anos.html
+-#
+
+ # From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-07):
+ # There is news in the media, however there is still no decree about it.
+-# I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brando at
+-# http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the
+-# oficial agency about time in Brazil, and she confirmed that the old rule is
++# I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the
++# official agency about time in Brazil, and she confirmed that the old rule is
+ # still in force.
+
+ # From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-14)
+@@ -825,9 +770,7 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+ #
+ # DECRETO No- 7.584, DE 13 DE OUTUBRO DE 2011
+ # Link :
+-#
+ # http://www.in.gov.br/visualiza/index.jsp?data=13/10/2011&jornal=1000&pagina=6&totalArquivos=6
+-#
+
+ # From Kelley Cook (2012-10-16):
+ # The governor of state of Bahia in Brazil announced on Thursday that
+@@ -839,43 +782,58 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+ # Tocantins state will have DST.
+ # http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI6232536-EI306.html
+
++# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-20):
++# Tocantins in Brazil is very likely not to observe DST from October....
++# http://conexaoto.com.br/2013/09/18/ministerio-confirma-que-tocantins-esta-fora-do-horario-de-verao-em-2013-mas-falta-publicacao-de-decreto
++# We will keep this article updated when this is confirmed:
++# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-starts-dst-2013.html
++
++# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-10-17):
++# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/acre-amazonas-change-time-zone.html
++# Senator Jorge Viana announced that Acre will change time zone on November 10.
++# He did not specify the time of the change, nor if western parts of Amazonas
++# will change as well.
++#
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-17):
++# For now, assume western Amazonas will change as well.
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-# Decree 20,466 (1931-10-01)
+-# Decree 21,896 (1932-01-10)
++# Decree 20,466 (1931-10-01)
++# Decree 21,896 (1932-01-10)
+ Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1932 1933 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Brazil 1932 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 S
+-# Decree 23,195 (1933-10-10)
++# Decree 23,195 (1933-10-10)
+ # revoked DST.
+-# Decree 27,496 (1949-11-24)
+-# Decree 27,998 (1950-04-13)
++# Decree 27,496 (1949-11-24)
++# Decree 27,998 (1950-04-13)
+ Rule Brazil 1949 1952 - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1950 only - Apr 16 1:00 0 -
+ Rule Brazil 1951 1952 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 32,308 (1953-02-24)
++# Decree 32,308 (1953-02-24)
+ Rule Brazil 1953 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 34,724 (1953-11-30)
++# Decree 34,724 (1953-11-30)
+ # revoked DST.
+-# Decree 52,700 (1963-10-18)
++# Decree 52,700 (1963-10-18)
+ # established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
+ # in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
+-# Decree 53,071 (1963-12-03)
++# Decree 53,071 (1963-12-03)
+ # extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
+ Rule Brazil 1963 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 S
+-# Decree 53,604 (1964-02-25)
++# Decree 53,604 (1964-02-25)
+ # extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
+ Rule Brazil 1964 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 55,639 (1965-01-27)
++# Decree 55,639 (1965-01-27)
+ Rule Brazil 1965 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1965 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 57,303 (1965-11-22)
++# Decree 57,303 (1965-11-22)
+ Rule Brazil 1965 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
+-# Decree 57,843 (1966-02-18)
++# Decree 57,843 (1966-02-18)
+ Rule Brazil 1966 1968 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Brazil 1966 1967 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
+-# Decree 63,429 (1968-10-15)
++# Decree 63,429 (1968-10-15)
+ # revoked DST.
+-# Decree 91,698 (1985-09-27)
++# Decree 91,698 (1985-09-27)
+ Rule Brazil 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
+ # Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
+ # Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
+@@ -883,42 +841,42 @@ Rule Brazil 1986 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 -
+ # Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
+ Rule Brazil 1986 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1987 only - Feb 14 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 94,922 (1987-09-22)
++# Decree 94,922 (1987-09-22)
+ Rule Brazil 1987 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 96,676 (1988-09-12)
++# Decree 96,676 (1988-09-12)
+ # except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
+ Rule Brazil 1988 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1989 only - Jan 29 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 98,077 (1989-08-21)
++# Decree 98,077 (1989-08-21)
+ # with the same exceptions
+ Rule Brazil 1989 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1990 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 99,530 (1990-09-17)
++# Decree 99,530 (1990-09-17)
+ # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
+ # Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
+ Rule Brazil 1990 only - Oct 21 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1991 only - Feb 17 0:00 0 -
+-# Unnumbered decree (1991-09-25)
++# Unnumbered decree (1991-09-25)
+ # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
+ Rule Brazil 1991 only - Oct 20 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1992 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 -
+-# Unnumbered decree (1992-10-16)
++# Unnumbered decree (1992-10-16)
+ # adopted by same states.
+ Rule Brazil 1992 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 942 (1993-09-28)
++# Decree 942 (1993-09-28)
+ # adopted by same states, plus AM.
+-# Decree 1,252 (1994-09-22;
++# Decree 1,252 (1994-09-22;
+ # web page corrected 2004-01-07) adopted by same states, minus AM.
+-# Decree 1,636 (1995-09-14)
++# Decree 1,636 (1995-09-14)
+ # adopted by same states, plus MT and TO.
+-# Decree 1,674 (1995-10-13)
++# Decree 1,674 (1995-10-13)
+ # adds AL, SE.
+ Rule Brazil 1993 1995 - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Brazil 1996 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 2,000 (1996-09-04)
++# Decree 2,000 (1996-09-04)
+ # adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
+ Rule Brazil 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1997 only - Feb 16 0:00 0 -
+@@ -931,53 +889,51 @@ Rule Brazil 1997 only - Feb 16 0:00 0 -
+ #
+ # Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
+ Rule Brazil 1997 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
+-# Decree 2,495
++# Decree 2,495
+ # (1998-02-10)
+ Rule Brazil 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 2,780 (1998-09-11)
++# Decree 2,780 (1998-09-11)
+ # adopted by the same states as before.
+ Rule Brazil 1998 only - Oct 11 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 1999 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 3,150
++# Decree 3,150
+ # (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
+-# Decree 3,188 (1999-09-30)
++# Decree 3,188 (1999-09-30)
+ # adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
+ Rule Brazil 1999 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 2000 only - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 3,592 (2000-09-06)
++# Decree 3,592 (2000-09-06)
+ # adopted by the same states as before.
+-# Decree 3,630 (2000-10-13)
++# Decree 3,630 (2000-10-13)
+ # repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
+-# Decree 3,632 (2000-10-17)
++# Decree 3,632 (2000-10-17)
+ # repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
+-# Decree 3,916
++# Decree 3,916
+ # (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
+ Rule Brazil 2000 2001 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 2001 2006 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+ # Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
+-# 4,399
++# 4,399
+ Rule Brazil 2002 only - Nov 3 0:00 1:00 S
+ # Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO.
+-# 4,844
++# 4,844
+ Rule Brazil 2003 only - Oct 19 0:00 1:00 S
+ # Decree 5,223 (2004-10-01) reestablishes DST in MT.
+-# 5,223
++# 5,223
+ Rule Brazil 2004 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
+-# Decree 5,539 (2005-09-19),
++# Decree 5,539 (2005-09-19),
+ # adopted by the same states as before.
+ Rule Brazil 2005 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 S
+-# Decree 5,920 (2006-10-03),
++# Decree 5,920 (2006-10-03),
+ # adopted by the same states as before.
+ Rule Brazil 2006 only - Nov 5 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Brazil 2007 only - Feb 25 0:00 0 -
+-# Decree 6,212 (2007-09-26),
++# Decree 6,212 (2007-09-26),
+ # adopted by the same states as before.
+ Rule Brazil 2007 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
+ # From Frederico A. C. Neves (2008-09-10):
+-# Acording to this decree
+-#
++# According to this decree
+ # http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2008/Decreto/D6558.htm
+-#
+ # [t]he DST period in Brazil now on will be from the 3rd Oct Sunday to the
+ # 3rd Feb Sunday. There is an exception on the return date when this is
+ # the Carnival Sunday then the return date will be the next Sunday...
+@@ -1012,29 +968,29 @@ Zone America/Noronha -2:09:40 - LMT 1914
+ -2:00 Brazil FN%sT 2002 Oct 1
+ -2:00 - FNT
+ # Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
+-# These include Trindade and Martin Vaz (administratively part of ES),
+-# Atol das Rocas (RN), and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo (PE).
++# These include Trindade and Martim Vaz (administratively part of ES),
++# Rocas Atoll (RN), and the St Peter and St Paul Archipelago (PE).
+ # Fernando de Noronha was a separate territory from 1942-09-02 to 1989-01-01;
+ # it also included the Penedos.
+ #
+-# Amapa (AP), east Para (PA)
+-# East Para includes Belem, Maraba, Serra Norte, and Sao Felix do Xingu.
+-# The division between east and west Para is the river Xingu.
++# Amapá (AP), east Pará (PA)
++# East Pará includes Belém, Marabá, Serra Norte, and São Félix do Xingu.
++# The division between east and west Pará is the river Xingu.
+ # In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
+-# the border with Amapa) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
++# the border with Amapá) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
+ Zone America/Belem -3:13:56 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -3:00 - BRT
+ #
+-# west Para (PA)
+-# West Para includes Altamira, Oribidos, Prainha, Oriximina, and Santarem.
++# west Pará (PA)
++# West Pará includes Altamira, Óbidos, Prainha, Oriximiná, and Santarém.
+ Zone America/Santarem -3:38:48 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -4:00 - AMT 2008 Jun 24 00:00
+ -3:00 - BRT
+ #
+-# Maranhao (MA), Piaui (PI), Ceara (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
+-# Paraiba (PB)
++# Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
++# Paraíba (PB)
+ Zone America/Fortaleza -2:34:00 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17
+ -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30
+@@ -1058,7 +1014,8 @@ Zone America/Araguaina -3:12:48 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 - BRT 1995 Sep 14
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2003 Sep 24
+ -3:00 - BRT 2012 Oct 21
+- -3:00 Brazil BR%sT
++ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2013 Sep
++ -3:00 - BRT
+ #
+ # Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
+ Zone America/Maceio -2:22:52 - LMT 1914
+@@ -1080,8 +1037,8 @@ Zone America/Bahia -2:34:04 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2012 Oct 21
+ -3:00 - BRT
+ #
+-# Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
+-# Espirito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Sao Paulo (SP), Parana (PR),
++# Goiás (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
++# Espírito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR),
+ # Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
+ Zone America/Sao_Paulo -3:06:28 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1963 Oct 23 00:00
+@@ -1098,7 +1055,7 @@ Zone America/Cuiaba -3:44:20 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 - AMT 2004 Oct 1
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT
+ #
+-# Rondonia (RO)
++# Rondônia (RO)
+ Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -4:00 - AMT
+@@ -1110,7 +1067,7 @@ Zone America/Boa_Vista -4:02:40 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 2000 Oct 15
+ -4:00 - AMT
+ #
+-# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutai, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
++# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutaí, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
+ # The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
+ # east from west Amazonas.
+ Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914
+@@ -1120,19 +1077,21 @@ Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 - AMT
+ #
+ # west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
+-# Eirunepe, Envira, Ipixuna
++# Eirunepé, Envira, Ipixuna
+ Zone America/Eirunepe -4:39:28 - LMT 1914
+ -5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -5:00 - ACT 1993 Sep 28
+ -5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1994 Sep 22
+ -5:00 - ACT 2008 Jun 24 00:00
+- -4:00 - AMT
++ -4:00 - AMT 2013 Nov 10
++ -5:00 - ACT
+ #
+ # Acre (AC)
+ Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
+ -5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -5:00 - ACT 2008 Jun 24 00:00
+- -4:00 - AMT
++ -4:00 - AMT 2013 Nov 10
++ -5:00 - ACT
+
+ # Chile
+
+@@ -1151,7 +1110,7 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2006-10-08):
+ # http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-08):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-08):
+ # I think that there are some obvious mistakes in the suggested link
+ # from Oscar van Vlijmen,... for instance entry 66 says that GMT-4
+ # ended 1990-09-12 while entry 67 only begins GMT-3 at 1990-09-15
+@@ -1161,36 +1120,28 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-27):
+ # The following data for Chile and America/Santiago are from
+ # (2006-09-20), transcribed by
+-# Jesper Norgaard Welen. The data for Pacific/Easter are from Shanks
++# Jesper Nørgaard Welen. The data for Pacific/Easter are from Shanks
+ # & Pottenger, except with DST transitions after 1932 cloned from
+ # America/Santiago. The pre-1980 Pacific/Easter data are dubious,
+ # but we have no other source.
+
+-# From German Poo-Caaman~o (2008-03-03):
++# From Germán Poo-Caamaño (2008-03-03):
+ # Due to drought, Chile extends Daylight Time in three weeks. This
+ # is one-time change (Saturday 3/29 at 24:00 for America/Santiago
+ # and Saturday 3/29 at 22:00 for Pacific/Easter)
+ # The Supreme Decree is located at
+-#
+ # http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf
+-#
+ # and the instructions for 2008 are located in:
+-#
+ # http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
+-# .
+
+-# From Jose Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
++# From José Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
+ # ...
+ # You could see the announces of the change on
+-#
+ # http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm
+-# .
+
+ # From Angel Chiang (2010-03-04):
+ # Subject: DST in Chile exceptionally extended to 3 April due to earthquake
+-#
+ # http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewNoticia.aspx?idArticulo=30098
+-#
+ # (in Spanish, last paragraph).
+ #
+ # This is breaking news. There should be more information available later.
+@@ -1202,15 +1153,11 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
+ # It appears that the Chilean government has decided to postpone the
+ # change from summer time to winter time again, by three weeks to April
+ # 2nd:
+-#
+ # http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=467651
+-#
+ #
+-# This is not yet reflected in the offical "cambio de hora" site, but
++# This is not yet reflected in the official "cambio de hora" site, but
+ # probably will be soon:
+-#
+ # http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
+-#
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2011-03-02):
+ # The emol.com article mentions a water shortage as the cause of the
+@@ -1218,9 +1165,7 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
+
+ # From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-28):
+ # The article:
+-#
+ # http://diario.elmercurio.com/2011/03/28/_portada/_portada/noticias/7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E.htm?id=3D{7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E}
+-#
+ #
+ # In English:
+ # Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead
+@@ -1243,10 +1188,21 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
+ # b. Saturday, September 1, 2012, clocks should go forward 60 minutes; that is,
+ # at 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be
+ # 01:00 on September 2.
+-#
+-# Note that...this is yet another "temporary" change that will be reevaluated
+-# AGAIN in 2013.
+
++# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-02-15):
++# According to several news sources, Chile has extended DST this year,
++# they will end DST later and start DST earlier than planned. They
++# hope to save energy. The new end date is 2013-04-28 00:00 and new
++# start date is 2013-09-08 00:00....
++# http://www.gob.cl/informa/2013/02/15/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de-hora-para-el-ano-2013.htm
++
++# From José Miguel Garrido (2014-02-19):
++# Today appeared in the Diario Oficial a decree amending the time change
++# dates to 2014.
++# DST End: last Saturday of April 2014 (Sun 27 Apr 2014 03:00 UTC)
++# DST Start: first Saturday of September 2014 (Sun 07 Sep 2014 04:00 UTC)
++# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl//media/2014/02/19/do-20140219.pdf
++
+ # NOTE: ChileAQ rules for Antarctic bases are stored separately in the
+ # 'antarctica' file.
+
+@@ -1288,10 +1244,8 @@ Rule Chile 2009 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
+ Rule Chile 2010 only - Apr Sun>=1 3:00u 0 -
+ Rule Chile 2011 only - May Sun>=2 3:00u 0 -
+ Rule Chile 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S
+-Rule Chile 2012 only - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 -
+-Rule Chile 2012 only - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S
+-Rule Chile 2013 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
+-Rule Chile 2013 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
++Rule Chile 2012 max - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 -
++Rule Chile 2012 max - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S
+ # IATA SSIM anomalies: (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
+ # (1996-09) says 1998-03-08. Ignore these.
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -1308,22 +1262,28 @@ Zone Pacific/Easter -7:17:44 - LMT 1890
+ -7:00 Chile EAS%sT 1982 Mar 13 21:00 # Easter I Time
+ -6:00 Chile EAS%sT
+ #
+-# Sala y Gomez Island is like Pacific/Easter.
+-# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernandez Is, San Ambrosio,
+-# San Felix, and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
++# Salas y Gómez Island is uninhabited.
++# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernández Is, Desventuradas Is,
++# and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
+
+ # Colombia
++
++# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899; round to nearest. He writes,
++# "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare."
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule CO 1992 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule CO 1993 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 -
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone America/Bogota -4:56:20 - LMT 1884 Mar 13
+- -4:56:20 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
++Zone America/Bogota -4:56:16 - LMT 1884 Mar 13
++ -4:56:16 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time
+ -5:00 CO CO%sT # Colombia Time
+ # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
+ # no information; probably like America/Bogota
+
+-# Curacao
++# Curaçao
++
++# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest.
+ #
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
+@@ -1330,10 +1290,10 @@ Rule CO 1993 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 -
+ # -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
+ # Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
+ # 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say
+-# Saba Island has been like Curacao.
++# Saba Island has been like Curaçao.
+ # This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
+ #
+-# By July 2007 Curacao and St Maarten are planned to become
++# By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become
+ # associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
+ # Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
+ # Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones
+@@ -1340,20 +1300,22 @@ Rule CO 1993 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 -
+ # though, as far as we know.
+ #
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone America/Curacao -4:35:44 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
++Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
+ -4:30 - ANT 1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
+-# At least for now, use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
+-# The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen charaters
++# use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
++# The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen characters
+ # and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
+
+-Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes # Sint Maarten
+-Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk # Bonaire, Sint Estatius and Saba
++Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes # Sint Maarten
++Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk # Caribbean Netherlands
+
+ # Ecuador
+ #
++# Milne says the Central and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
++#
+ # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-04):
+ # Apparently Ecuador had a failed experiment with DST in 1992.
+ # (2007-02-27) and
+@@ -1366,7 +1328,7 @@ Zone America/Guayaquil -5:19:20 - LMT 1890
+ -5:00 - ECT # Ecuador Time
+ Zone Pacific/Galapagos -5:58:24 - LMT 1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
+ -5:00 - ECT 1986
+- -6:00 - GALT # Galapagos Time
++ -6:00 - GALT # Galápagos Time
+
+ # Falklands
+
+@@ -1375,7 +1337,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Galapagos -5:58:24 - LMT 1931 # Puert
+ # the IATA gives 1996-09-08. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+
+ # From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
+-# via Jesper Norgaard:
++# via Jesper Nørgaard:
+ # ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
+ # April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
+ # September. It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
+@@ -1424,9 +1386,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Galapagos -5:58:24 - LMT 1931 # Puert
+ # daylight saving time.
+ #
+ # One source:
+-#
+ # http://www.falklandnews.com/public/story.cfm?get=5914&source=3
+-#
+ #
+ # We have gotten this confirmed by a clerk of the legislative assembly:
+ # Normally the clocks revert to Local Mean Time (UTC/GMT -4 hours) on the
+@@ -1489,10 +1449,16 @@ Zone America/Guyana -3:52:40 - LMT 1915 Mar # Geor
+ -4:00 - GYT
+
+ # Paraguay
++#
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+-# Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are from 01:00 -> 02:00,
+-# and autumn transitions are from 00:00 -> 23:00. Go with pre-1999
++# Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are 01:00 -> 02:00,
++# and autumn transitions are 00:00 -> 23:00. Go with pre-1999
+ # editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
++#
++# From Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo (2013-09-20):
++# No time of the day is established for the adjustment, so people normally
++# adjust their clocks at 0 hour of the given dates.
++#
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Para 1975 1988 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Para 1975 1978 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+@@ -1512,9 +1478,8 @@ Rule Para 1996 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+ # (10-01).
+ #
+ # Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
+-#
+-# Noticias, a daily paper in Asuncion, Paraguay (2000-10-01)
+-# :
++# Noticias, a daily paper in Asunción, Paraguay (2000-10-01)
++# :
+ # Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
+ # fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power.... The time change
+ # system has been operating for several years. Formerly there was a separate
+@@ -1535,21 +1500,18 @@ Rule Para 1998 2001 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Para 2002 2004 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Para 2002 2003 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+ #
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
+ # There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made
+ # a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
+ # Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05)
+-# From Carlos Raul Perasso via Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
++# From Carlos Raúl Perasso via Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
+ #
+ Rule Para 2004 2009 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Para 2005 2009 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00 0 -
+-# From Carlos Raul Perasso (2010-02-18):
+-# By decree number 3958 issued yesterday (
+-#
++# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2010-02-18):
++# By decree number 3958 issued yesterday
+ # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/decreto3958.pdf
+-#
+-# )
+ # Paraguay changes its DST schedule, postponing the March rule to April and
+ # modifying the October date. The decree reads:
+ # ...
+@@ -1559,11 +1521,23 @@ Rule Para 2005 2009 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00 0 -
+ # forward 60 minutes, in all the territory of the Paraguayan Republic.
+ # ...
+ Rule Para 2010 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+-Rule Para 2010 max - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 0 -
++Rule Para 2010 2012 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 0 -
++#
++# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-07):
++# Paraguay will end DST on 2013-03-24 00:00....
++# http://www.ande.gov.py/interna.php?id=1075
++#
++# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2013-03-15):
++# The change in Paraguay is now final. Decree number 10780
++# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/uploads/pdf/presidencia-3b86ff4b691c79d4f5927ca964922ec74772ce857c02ca054a52a37b49afc7fb.pdf
++# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2014-02-28):
++# Decree 1264 can be found at:
++# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/archivos/documentos/DECRETO1264_ey9r8zai.pdf
++Rule Para 2013 max - Mar Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
+
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890
+- -3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
++ -3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asunción Mean Time
+ -4:00 - PYT 1972 Oct # Paraguay Time
+ -3:00 - PYT 1974 Apr
+ -4:00 Para PY%sT
+@@ -1570,8 +1544,8 @@ Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890
+
+ # Peru
+ #
+-#
+-# From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26):
++# From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26)
++# :
+ # When we were in Peru in 1985-1986, they apparently switched over
+ # sometime between December 29 and January 3 while we were on the Amazon.
+ #
+@@ -1617,6 +1591,20 @@ Zone America/Paramaribo -3:40:40 - LMT 1911
+ Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
+ -4:00 - AST
+
++# These all agree with Trinidad and Tobago since 1970.
++Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Anguilla
++Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Dominica
++Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Grenada
++Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Guadeloupe
++Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot # St Martin (French part)
++Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Montserrat
++Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy # St Barthélemy
++Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts # St Kitts & Nevis
++Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Lucia
++Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas # Virgin Islands (US)
++Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Vincent
++Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Tortola # Virgin Islands (UK)
++
+ # Uruguay
+ # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
+ # Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
+@@ -1634,7 +1622,7 @@ Rule Uruguay 1937 1941 - Mar lastSun 0:00 0 -
+ # Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+ Rule Uruguay 1937 1940 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
+ # Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
+-# and 1943 Apr 13 ``to present time''; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
++# and 1943 Apr 13 "to present time"; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+ Rule Uruguay 1941 only - Aug 1 0:00 0:30 HS
+ Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 S
+@@ -1683,7 +1671,7 @@ Rule Uruguay 2005 only - Mar 27 2:00 0 -
+ # 02:00 local time, official time in Uruguay will be at GMT -2.
+ Rule Uruguay 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Uruguay 2006 only - Mar 12 2:00 0 -
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
+ # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_web/decretos/2006/09/CM%20210_08%2006%202006_00001.PDF
+ Rule Uruguay 2006 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Uruguay 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 0 -
+@@ -1698,8 +1686,8 @@ Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 - LMT 1898 Jun 28
+ # From John Stainforth (2007-11-28):
+ # ... the change for Venezuela originally expected for 2007-12-31 has
+ # been brought forward to 2007-12-09. The official announcement was
+-# published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la Republica Bolivariana
+-# de Venezuela, numero 38.819" (official document for all laws or
++# published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la República Bolivariana
++# de Venezuela, número 38.819" (official document for all laws or
+ # resolution publication)
+ # http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=72208
+
+Index: share/zoneinfo/systemv
+===================================================================
+--- share/zoneinfo/systemv (revision 273102)
++++ share/zoneinfo/systemv (working copy)
+@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
+-#
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+Index: share/zoneinfo/yearistype.sh
+===================================================================
+--- share/zoneinfo/yearistype.sh (revision 273102)
++++ share/zoneinfo/yearistype.sh (working copy)
+@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
+
+ case $#-$1 in
+ 2-|2-0*|2-*[!0-9]*)
+- echo "$0: wild year - $1" >&2
++ echo "$0: wild year: $1" >&2
+ exit 1 ;;
+ esac
+
+@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ case $#-$2 in
+ *) exit 1 ;;
+ esac ;;
+ 2-*)
+- echo "$0: wild type - $2" >&2 ;;
++ echo "$0: wild type: $2" >&2 ;;
+ esac
+
+ echo "$0: usage is $0 year even|odd|uspres|nonpres|nonuspres" >&2
+Index: share/zoneinfo/zone.tab
+===================================================================
+--- share/zoneinfo/zone.tab (revision 273102)
++++ share/zoneinfo/zone.tab (working copy)
+@@ -1,27 +1,25 @@
+-#
++# tz zone descriptions (deprecated version)
++#
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+ #
+-# TZ zone descriptions
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
++# This file is intended as a backward-compatibility aid for older programs.
++# New programs should use zone1970.tab. This file is like zone1970.tab (see
++# zone1970.tab's comments), but with the following additional restrictions:
+ #
+-# From Paul Eggert (1996-08-05):
++# 1. This file contains only ASCII characters.
++# 2. The first data column contains exactly one country code.
+ #
+-# This file contains a table with the following columns:
+-# 1. ISO 3166 2-character country code. See /usr/share/misc/iso3166.
+-# 2. Latitude and longitude of the zone's principal location
+-# in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format,
+-# either +-DDMM+-DDDMM or +-DDMMSS+-DDDMMSS,
+-# first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
+-# 3. Zone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
+-# 4. Comments; present if and only if the country has multiple rows.
++# Because of (2), each row stands for an area that is the intersection
++# of a region identified by a country code and of a zone where civil
++# clocks have agreed since 1970; this is a narrower definition than
++# that of zone1970.tab.
+ #
+-# Columns are separated by a single tab.
+-# The table is sorted first by country, then an order within the country that
+-# (1) makes some geographical sense, and
+-# (2) puts the most populous zones first, where that does not contradict (1).
++# This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
++# zone data appropriate for their practical needs. It is not intended
++# to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
+ #
+-# Lines beginning with `#' are comments.
+-#
+ #country-
+ #code coordinates TZ comments
+ AD +4230+00131 Europe/Andorra
+@@ -32,8 +30,7 @@ AI +1812-06304 America/Anguilla
+ AL +4120+01950 Europe/Tirane
+ AM +4011+04430 Asia/Yerevan
+ AO -0848+01314 Africa/Luanda
+-AQ -7750+16636 Antarctica/McMurdo McMurdo Station, Ross Island
+-AQ -9000+00000 Antarctica/South_Pole Amundsen-Scott Station, South Pole
++AQ -7750+16636 Antarctica/McMurdo McMurdo, South Pole, Scott (New Zealand time)
+ AQ -6734-06808 Antarctica/Rothera Rothera Station, Adelaide Island
+ AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer Station, Anvers Island
+ AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson Station, Holme Bay
+@@ -42,7 +39,7 @@ AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey Station, Bai
+ AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok Station, Lake Vostok
+ AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville Station, Terre Adelie
+ AQ -690022+0393524 Antarctica/Syowa Syowa Station, E Ongul I
+-AQ -5430+15857 Antarctica/Macquarie Macquarie Island Station, Macquarie Island
++AQ -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll Station, Queen Maud Land
+ AR -3436-05827 America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
+ AR -3124-06411 America/Argentina/Cordoba most locations (CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
+ AR -2447-06525 America/Argentina/Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
+@@ -58,6 +55,7 @@ AR -5448-06818 America/Argentina/Ushuaia Tierra de
+ AS -1416-17042 Pacific/Pago_Pago
+ AT +4813+01620 Europe/Vienna
+ AU -3133+15905 Australia/Lord_Howe Lord Howe Island
++AU -5430+15857 Antarctica/Macquarie Macquarie Island
+ AU -4253+14719 Australia/Hobart Tasmania - most locations
+ AU -3956+14352 Australia/Currie Tasmania - King Island
+ AU -3749+14458 Australia/Melbourne Victoria
+@@ -113,13 +111,12 @@ CA +4612-05957 America/Glace_Bay Atlantic Time - N
+ CA +4606-06447 America/Moncton Atlantic Time - New Brunswick
+ CA +5320-06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlantic Time - Labrador - most locations
+ CA +5125-05707 America/Blanc-Sablon Atlantic Standard Time - Quebec - Lower North Shore
+-CA +4531-07334 America/Montreal Eastern Time - Quebec - most locations
+-CA +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern Time - Ontario - most locations
++CA +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations
+ CA +4901-08816 America/Nipigon Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
+ CA +4823-08915 America/Thunder_Bay Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
+ CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern Time - east Nunavut - most locations
+ CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Eastern Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
+-CA +744144-0944945 America/Resolute Central Standard Time - Resolute, Nunavut
++CA +744144-0944945 America/Resolute Central Time - Resolute, Nunavut
+ CA +484531-0913718 America/Atikokan Eastern Standard Time - Atikokan, Ontario and Southampton I, Nunavut
+ CA +624900-0920459 America/Rankin_Inlet Central Time - central Nunavut
+ CA +4953-09709 America/Winnipeg Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
+@@ -144,13 +141,10 @@ CH +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich
+ CI +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan
+ CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga
+ CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago most locations
+-CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island & Sala y Gomez
++CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island
+ CM +0403+00942 Africa/Douala
+-CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai east China - Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, etc.
+-CN +4545+12641 Asia/Harbin Heilongjiang (except Mohe), Jilin
+-CN +2934+10635 Asia/Chongqing central China - Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Guizhou, etc.
+-CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi most of Tibet & Xinjiang
+-CN +3929+07559 Asia/Kashgar west Tibet & Xinjiang
++CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time
++CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time
+ CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota
+ CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica
+ CU +2308-08222 America/Havana
+@@ -159,7 +153,8 @@ CW +1211-06900 America/Curacao
+ CX -1025+10543 Indian/Christmas
+ CY +3510+03322 Asia/Nicosia
+ CZ +5005+01426 Europe/Prague
+-DE +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin
++DE +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin most locations
++DE +4742+00841 Europe/Busingen Busingen
+ DJ +1136+04309 Africa/Djibouti
+ DK +5540+01235 Europe/Copenhagen
+ DM +1518-06124 America/Dominica
+@@ -215,7 +210,7 @@ ID -0002+10920 Asia/Pontianak west & central Borne
+ ID -0507+11924 Asia/Makassar east & south Borneo, Sulawesi (Celebes), Bali, Nusa Tengarra, west Timor
+ ID -0232+14042 Asia/Jayapura west New Guinea (Irian Jaya) & Malukus (Moluccas)
+ IE +5320-00615 Europe/Dublin
+-IL +3146+03514 Asia/Jerusalem
++IL +314650+0351326 Asia/Jerusalem
+ IM +5409-00428 Europe/Isle_of_Man
+ IN +2232+08822 Asia/Kolkata
+ IO -0720+07225 Indian/Chagos
+@@ -224,7 +219,7 @@ IR +3540+05126 Asia/Tehran
+ IS +6409-02151 Atlantic/Reykjavik
+ IT +4154+01229 Europe/Rome
+ JE +4912-00207 Europe/Jersey
+-JM +1800-07648 America/Jamaica
++JM +175805-0764736 America/Jamaica
+ JO +3157+03556 Asia/Amman
+ JP +353916+1394441 Asia/Tokyo
+ KE -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi
+@@ -331,21 +326,26 @@ RE -2052+05528 Indian/Reunion
+ RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest
+ RS +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade
+ RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad
+-RU +5545+03735 Europe/Moscow Moscow+00 - west Russia
++RU +554521+0373704 Europe/Moscow Moscow+00 - west Russia
++RU +4457+03406 Europe/Simferopol Moscow+00 - Crimea
+ RU +4844+04425 Europe/Volgograd Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
+-RU +5312+05009 Europe/Samara Moscow+00 - Samara, Udmurtia
++RU +5312+05009 Europe/Samara Moscow+00 (Moscow+01 after 2014-10-26) - Samara, Udmurtia
+ RU +5651+06036 Asia/Yekaterinburg Moscow+02 - Urals
+ RU +5500+07324 Asia/Omsk Moscow+03 - west Siberia
+ RU +5502+08255 Asia/Novosibirsk Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk
+-RU +5345+08707 Asia/Novokuznetsk Moscow+03 - Novokuznetsk
++RU +5345+08707 Asia/Novokuznetsk Moscow+03 (Moscow+04 after 2014-10-26) - Kemerovo
+ RU +5601+09250 Asia/Krasnoyarsk Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
+ RU +5216+10420 Asia/Irkutsk Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal
++RU +5203+11328 Asia/Chita Moscow+06 (Moscow+05 after 2014-10-26) - Zabaykalsky
+ RU +6200+12940 Asia/Yakutsk Moscow+06 - Lena River
++RU +623923+1353314 Asia/Khandyga Moscow+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
+ RU +4310+13156 Asia/Vladivostok Moscow+07 - Amur River
+ RU +4658+14242 Asia/Sakhalin Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island
+-RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan Moscow+08 - Magadan
+-RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka Moscow+08 - Kamchatka
+-RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr Moscow+08 - Bering Sea
++RU +643337+1431336 Asia/Ust-Nera Moscow+07 - Oymyakonsky
++RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan Moscow+08 (Moscow+07 after 2014-10-26) - Magadan
++RU +6728+15343 Asia/Srednekolymsk Moscow+08 - E Sakha, N Kuril Is
++RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Kamchatka
++RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Bering Sea
+ RW -0157+03004 Africa/Kigali
+ SA +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh
+ SB -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal
+@@ -387,7 +387,6 @@ TZ -0648+03917 Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
+ UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev most locations
+ UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Ruthenia
+ UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozh'ye, E Lugansk / Zaporizhia, E Luhansk
+-UA +4457+03406 Europe/Simferopol central Crimea
+ UG +0019+03225 Africa/Kampala
+ UM +1645-16931 Pacific/Johnston Johnston Atoll
+ UM +2813-17722 Pacific/Midway Midway Islands
+@@ -411,9 +410,9 @@ US +465042-1012439 America/North_Dakota/New_Salem
+ US +471551-1014640 America/North_Dakota/Beulah Central Time - North Dakota - Mercer County
+ US +394421-1045903 America/Denver Mountain Time
+ US +433649-1161209 America/Boise Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
+-US +364708-1084111 America/Shiprock Mountain Time - Navajo
+-US +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix Mountain Standard Time - Arizona
++US +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix Mountain Standard Time - Arizona (except Navajo)
+ US +340308-1181434 America/Los_Angeles Pacific Time
++US +550737-1313435 America/Metlakatla Pacific Standard Time - Annette Island, Alaska
+ US +611305-1495401 America/Anchorage Alaska Time
+ US +581807-1342511 America/Juneau Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
+ US +571035-1351807 America/Sitka Alaska Time - southeast Alaska panhandle
+@@ -420,7 +419,6 @@ US +571035-1351807 America/Sitka Alaska Time - sou
+ US +593249-1394338 America/Yakutat Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck
+ US +643004-1652423 America/Nome Alaska Time - west Alaska
+ US +515248-1763929 America/Adak Aleutian Islands
+-US +550737-1313435 America/Metlakatla Metlakatla Time - Annette Island
+ US +211825-1575130 Pacific/Honolulu Hawaii
+ UY -3453-05611 America/Montevideo
+ UZ +3940+06648 Asia/Samarkand west Uzbekistan
+Index: share/zoneinfo/zone1970.tab
+===================================================================
+--- share/zoneinfo/zone1970.tab (revision 0)
++++ share/zoneinfo/zone1970.tab (working copy)
+@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
++# tz zone descriptions
++#
++# This file is in the public domain.
++#
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
++# This file contains a table where each row stands for a zone where
++# civil time stamps have agreed since 1970. Columns are separated by
++# a single tab. Lines beginning with '#' are comments. All text uses
++# UTF-8 encoding. The columns of the table are as follows:
++#
++# 1. The countries that overlap the zone, as a comma-separated list
++# of ISO 3166 2-character country codes.
++# See the file '/usr/share/misc/iso3166'.
++# 2. Latitude and longitude of the zone's principal location
++# in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format,
++# either +-DDMM+-DDDMM or +-DDMMSS+-DDDMMSS,
++# first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
++# 3. Zone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
++# Please see the 'Theory' file for how zone names are chosen.
++# If multiple zones overlap a country, each has a row in the
++# table, with each column 1 containing the country code.
++# 4. Comments; present if and only if a country has multiple zones.
++#
++# If a zone covers multiple countries, the most-populous city is used,
++# and that country is listed first in column 1; any other countries
++# are listed alphabetically by country code. The table is sorted
++# first by country code, then (if possible) by an order within the
++# country that (1) makes some geographical sense, and (2) puts the
++# most populous zones first, where that does not contradict (1).
++#
++# This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
++# zone data appropriate for their practical needs. It is not intended
++# to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
++#
++#country-
++#codes coordinates TZ comments
++AD +4230+00131 Europe/Andorra
++AE,OM +2518+05518 Asia/Dubai
++AF +3431+06912 Asia/Kabul
++AL +4120+01950 Europe/Tirane
++AM +4011+04430 Asia/Yerevan
++AQ -6734-06808 Antarctica/Rothera Rothera Station, Adelaide Island
++AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer Station, Anvers Island
++AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson Station, Holme Bay
++AQ -6835+07758 Antarctica/Davis Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
++AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
++AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok Station, Lake Vostok
++AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville Station, Terre Adelie
++AQ -690022+0393524 Antarctica/Syowa Syowa Station, E Ongul I
++AQ -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll Station, Queen Maud Land
++AR -3436-05827 America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
++AR -3124-06411 America/Argentina/Cordoba most locations (CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
++AR -2447-06525 America/Argentina/Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
++AR -2411-06518 America/Argentina/Jujuy Jujuy (JY)
++AR -2649-06513 America/Argentina/Tucuman Tucumán (TM)
++AR -2828-06547 America/Argentina/Catamarca Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
++AR -2926-06651 America/Argentina/La_Rioja La Rioja (LR)
++AR -3132-06831 America/Argentina/San_Juan San Juan (SJ)
++AR -3253-06849 America/Argentina/Mendoza Mendoza (MZ)
++AR -3319-06621 America/Argentina/San_Luis San Luis (SL)
++AR -5138-06913 America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos Santa Cruz (SC)
++AR -5448-06818 America/Argentina/Ushuaia Tierra del Fuego (TF)
++AS,UM -1416-17042 Pacific/Pago_Pago Samoa, Midway
++AT +4813+01620 Europe/Vienna
++AU -3133+15905 Australia/Lord_Howe Lord Howe Island
++AU -5430+15857 Antarctica/Macquarie Macquarie Island
++AU -4253+14719 Australia/Hobart Tasmania - most locations
++AU -3956+14352 Australia/Currie Tasmania - King Island
++AU -3749+14458 Australia/Melbourne Victoria
++AU -3352+15113 Australia/Sydney New South Wales - most locations
++AU -3157+14127 Australia/Broken_Hill New South Wales - Yancowinna
++AU -2728+15302 Australia/Brisbane Queensland - most locations
++AU -2016+14900 Australia/Lindeman Queensland - Holiday Islands
++AU -3455+13835 Australia/Adelaide South Australia
++AU -1228+13050 Australia/Darwin Northern Territory
++AU -3157+11551 Australia/Perth Western Australia - most locations
++AU -3143+12852 Australia/Eucla Western Australia - Eucla area
++AZ +4023+04951 Asia/Baku
++BB +1306-05937 America/Barbados
++BD +2343+09025 Asia/Dhaka
++BE +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels
++BG +4241+02319 Europe/Sofia
++BM +3217-06446 Atlantic/Bermuda
++BN +0456+11455 Asia/Brunei
++BO -1630-06809 America/La_Paz
++BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Atlantic islands
++BR -0127-04829 America/Belem Amapá, E Pará
++BR -0343-03830 America/Fortaleza NE Brazil (MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
++BR -0803-03454 America/Recife Pernambuco
++BR -0712-04812 America/Araguaina Tocantins
++BR -0940-03543 America/Maceio Alagoas, Sergipe
++BR -1259-03831 America/Bahia Bahia
++BR -2332-04637 America/Sao_Paulo S & SE Brazil (GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
++BR -2027-05437 America/Campo_Grande Mato Grosso do Sul
++BR -1535-05605 America/Cuiaba Mato Grosso
++BR -0226-05452 America/Santarem W Pará
++BR -0846-06354 America/Porto_Velho Rondônia
++BR +0249-06040 America/Boa_Vista Roraima
++BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus E Amazonas
++BR -0640-06952 America/Eirunepe W Amazonas
++BR -0958-06748 America/Rio_Branco Acre
++BS +2505-07721 America/Nassau
++BT +2728+08939 Asia/Thimphu
++BY +5354+02734 Europe/Minsk
++BZ +1730-08812 America/Belize
++CA +4734-05243 America/St_Johns Newfoundland Time, including SE Labrador
++CA +4439-06336 America/Halifax Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (most places), PEI
++CA +4612-05957 America/Glace_Bay Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia - places that did not observe DST 1966-1971
++CA +4606-06447 America/Moncton Atlantic Time - New Brunswick
++CA +5320-06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlantic Time - Labrador - most locations
++CA +5125-05707 America/Blanc-Sablon Atlantic Standard Time - Quebec - Lower North Shore
++CA +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations
++CA +4901-08816 America/Nipigon Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
++CA +4823-08915 America/Thunder_Bay Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
++CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern Time - east Nunavut - most locations
++CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Eastern Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
++CA +744144-0944945 America/Resolute Central Time - Resolute, Nunavut
++CA +484531-0913718 America/Atikokan Eastern Standard Time - Atikokan, Ontario and Southampton I, Nunavut
++CA +624900-0920459 America/Rankin_Inlet Central Time - central Nunavut
++CA +4953-09709 America/Winnipeg Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
++CA +4843-09434 America/Rainy_River Central Time - Rainy River & Fort Frances, Ontario
++CA +5024-10439 America/Regina Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - most locations
++CA +5017-10750 America/Swift_Current Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - midwest
++CA +5333-11328 America/Edmonton Mountain Time - Alberta, east British Columbia & west Saskatchewan
++CA +690650-1050310 America/Cambridge_Bay Mountain Time - west Nunavut
++CA +6227-11421 America/Yellowknife Mountain Time - central Northwest Territories
++CA +682059-1334300 America/Inuvik Mountain Time - west Northwest Territories
++CA +4906-11631 America/Creston Mountain Standard Time - Creston, British Columbia
++CA +5946-12014 America/Dawson_Creek Mountain Standard Time - Dawson Creek & Fort Saint John, British Columbia
++CA +4916-12307 America/Vancouver Pacific Time - west British Columbia
++CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse Pacific Time - south Yukon
++CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson Pacific Time - north Yukon
++CC -1210+09655 Indian/Cocos
++CH,DE,LI +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich Swiss time
++CI,BF,GM,GN,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,ST,TG +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan
++CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga
++CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago most locations
++CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island
++CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time
++CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time
++CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota
++CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica
++CU +2308-08222 America/Havana
++CV +1455-02331 Atlantic/Cape_Verde
++CW,AW,BQ,SX +1211-06900 America/Curacao
++CX -1025+10543 Indian/Christmas
++CY +3510+03322 Asia/Nicosia
++CZ,SK +5005+01426 Europe/Prague
++DE +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin Berlin time
++DK +5540+01235 Europe/Copenhagen
++DO +1828-06954 America/Santo_Domingo
++DZ +3647+00303 Africa/Algiers
++EC -0210-07950 America/Guayaquil mainland
++EC -0054-08936 Pacific/Galapagos Galápagos Islands
++EE +5925+02445 Europe/Tallinn
++EG +3003+03115 Africa/Cairo
++EH +2709-01312 Africa/El_Aaiun
++ES +4024-00341 Europe/Madrid mainland
++ES +3553-00519 Africa/Ceuta Ceuta & Melilla
++ES +2806-01524 Atlantic/Canary Canary Islands
++FI,AX +6010+02458 Europe/Helsinki
++FJ -1808+17825 Pacific/Fiji
++FK -5142-05751 Atlantic/Stanley
++FM +0725+15147 Pacific/Chuuk Chuuk (Truk) and Yap
++FM +0658+15813 Pacific/Pohnpei Pohnpei (Ponape)
++FM +0519+16259 Pacific/Kosrae Kosrae
++FO +6201-00646 Atlantic/Faroe
++FR +4852+00220 Europe/Paris
++GB,GG,IM,JE +513030-0000731 Europe/London
++GE +4143+04449 Asia/Tbilisi
++GF +0456-05220 America/Cayenne
++GH +0533-00013 Africa/Accra
++GI +3608-00521 Europe/Gibraltar
++GL +6411-05144 America/Godthab most locations
++GL +7646-01840 America/Danmarkshavn east coast, north of Scoresbysund
++GL +7029-02158 America/Scoresbysund Scoresbysund / Ittoqqortoormiit
++GL +7634-06847 America/Thule Thule / Pituffik
++GR +3758+02343 Europe/Athens
++GS -5416-03632 Atlantic/South_Georgia
++GT +1438-09031 America/Guatemala
++GU,MP +1328+14445 Pacific/Guam
++GW +1151-01535 Africa/Bissau
++GY +0648-05810 America/Guyana
++HK +2217+11409 Asia/Hong_Kong
++HN +1406-08713 America/Tegucigalpa
++HT +1832-07220 America/Port-au-Prince
++HU +4730+01905 Europe/Budapest
++ID -0610+10648 Asia/Jakarta Java & Sumatra
++ID -0002+10920 Asia/Pontianak west & central Borneo
++ID -0507+11924 Asia/Makassar east & south Borneo, Sulawesi (Celebes), Bali, Nusa Tengarra, west Timor
++ID -0232+14042 Asia/Jayapura west New Guinea (Irian Jaya) & Malukus (Moluccas)
++IE +5320-00615 Europe/Dublin
++IL +314650+0351326 Asia/Jerusalem
++IN +2232+08822 Asia/Kolkata
++IO -0720+07225 Indian/Chagos
++IQ +3321+04425 Asia/Baghdad
++IR +3540+05126 Asia/Tehran
++IS +6409-02151 Atlantic/Reykjavik
++IT,SM,VA +4154+01229 Europe/Rome
++JM +175805-0764736 America/Jamaica
++JO +3157+03556 Asia/Amman
++JP +353916+1394441 Asia/Tokyo
++KE,DJ,ER,ET,KM,MG,SO,TZ,UG,YT -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi
++KG +4254+07436 Asia/Bishkek
++KI +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilbert Islands
++KI -0308-17105 Pacific/Enderbury Phoenix Islands
++KI +0152-15720 Pacific/Kiritimati Line Islands
++KP +3901+12545 Asia/Pyongyang
++KR +3733+12658 Asia/Seoul
++KZ +4315+07657 Asia/Almaty most locations
++KZ +4448+06528 Asia/Qyzylorda Qyzylorda (Kyzylorda, Kzyl-Orda)
++KZ +5017+05710 Asia/Aqtobe Aqtobe (Aktobe)
++KZ +4431+05016 Asia/Aqtau Atyrau (Atirau, Gur'yev), Mangghystau (Mankistau)
++KZ +5113+05121 Asia/Oral West Kazakhstan
++LB +3353+03530 Asia/Beirut
++LK +0656+07951 Asia/Colombo
++LR +0618-01047 Africa/Monrovia
++LT +5441+02519 Europe/Vilnius
++LU +4936+00609 Europe/Luxembourg
++LV +5657+02406 Europe/Riga
++LY +3254+01311 Africa/Tripoli
++MA +3339-00735 Africa/Casablanca
++MC +4342+00723 Europe/Monaco
++MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau
++MH +0709+17112 Pacific/Majuro most locations
++MH +0905+16720 Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein
++MM +1647+09610 Asia/Rangoon
++MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulaanbaatar most locations
++MN +4801+09139 Asia/Hovd Bayan-Ölgii, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
++MN +4804+11430 Asia/Choibalsan Dornod, Sükhbaatar
++MO +2214+11335 Asia/Macau
++MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique
++MT +3554+01431 Europe/Malta
++MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius
++MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives
++MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Time - most locations
++MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Central Time - Quintana Roo
++MX +2058-08937 America/Merida Central Time - Campeche, Yucatán
++MX +2540-10019 America/Monterrey Mexican Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas away from US border
++MX +2550-09730 America/Matamoros US Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas near US border
++MX +2313-10625 America/Mazatlan Mountain Time - S Baja, Nayarit, Sinaloa
++MX +2838-10605 America/Chihuahua Mexican Mountain Time - Chihuahua away from US border
++MX +2934-10425 America/Ojinaga US Mountain Time - Chihuahua near US border
++MX +2904-11058 America/Hermosillo Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
++MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana US Pacific Time - Baja California near US border
++MX +3018-11452 America/Santa_Isabel Mexican Pacific Time - Baja California away from US border
++MX +2048-10515 America/Bahia_Banderas Mexican Central Time - Bahía de Banderas
++MY +0310+10142 Asia/Kuala_Lumpur peninsular Malaysia
++MY +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah & Sarawak
++MZ,BI,BW,CD,MW,RW,ZM,ZW -2558+03235 Africa/Maputo Central Africa Time (UTC+2)
++NA -2234+01706 Africa/Windhoek
++NC -2216+16627 Pacific/Noumea
++NF -2903+16758 Pacific/Norfolk
++NG,AO,BJ,CD,CF,CG,CM,GA,GQ,NE +0627+00324 Africa/Lagos West Africa Time (UTC+1)
++NI +1209-08617 America/Managua
++NL +5222+00454 Europe/Amsterdam
++NO,SJ +5955+01045 Europe/Oslo
++NP +2743+08519 Asia/Kathmandu
++NR -0031+16655 Pacific/Nauru
++NU -1901-16955 Pacific/Niue
++NZ,AQ -3652+17446 Pacific/Auckland New Zealand time
++NZ -4357-17633 Pacific/Chatham Chatham Islands
++PA,KY +0858-07932 America/Panama
++PE -1203-07703 America/Lima
++PF -1732-14934 Pacific/Tahiti Society Islands
++PF -0900-13930 Pacific/Marquesas Marquesas Islands
++PF -2308-13457 Pacific/Gambier Gambier Islands
++PG -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby
++PH +1435+12100 Asia/Manila
++PK +2452+06703 Asia/Karachi
++PL +5215+02100 Europe/Warsaw
++PM +4703-05620 America/Miquelon
++PN -2504-13005 Pacific/Pitcairn
++PR +182806-0660622 America/Puerto_Rico
++PS +3130+03428 Asia/Gaza Gaza Strip
++PS +313200+0350542 Asia/Hebron West Bank
++PT +3843-00908 Europe/Lisbon mainland
++PT +3238-01654 Atlantic/Madeira Madeira Islands
++PT +3744-02540 Atlantic/Azores Azores
++PW +0720+13429 Pacific/Palau
++PY -2516-05740 America/Asuncion
++QA,BH +2517+05132 Asia/Qatar
++RE,TF -2052+05528 Indian/Reunion Réunion, Crozet Is, Scattered Is
++RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest
++RS,BA,HR,ME,MK,SI +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade
++RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad
++RU +554521+0373704 Europe/Moscow Moscow+00 - west Russia
++RU +4457+03406 Europe/Simferopol Moscow+00 - Crimea
++RU +4844+04425 Europe/Volgograd Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
++RU +5312+05009 Europe/Samara Moscow+00 (Moscow+01 after 2014-10-26) - Samara, Udmurtia
++RU +5651+06036 Asia/Yekaterinburg Moscow+02 - Urals
++RU +5500+07324 Asia/Omsk Moscow+03 - west Siberia
++RU +5502+08255 Asia/Novosibirsk Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk
++RU +5345+08707 Asia/Novokuznetsk Moscow+03 (Moscow+04 after 2014-10-26) - Kemerovo
++RU +5601+09250 Asia/Krasnoyarsk Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
++RU +5216+10420 Asia/Irkutsk Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal
++RU +5203+11328 Asia/Chita Moscow+06 (Moscow+05 after 2014-10-26) - Zabaykalsky
++RU +6200+12940 Asia/Yakutsk Moscow+06 - Lena River
++RU +623923+1353314 Asia/Khandyga Moscow+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
++RU +4310+13156 Asia/Vladivostok Moscow+07 - Amur River
++RU +4658+14242 Asia/Sakhalin Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island
++RU +643337+1431336 Asia/Ust-Nera Moscow+07 - Oymyakonsky
++RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan Moscow+08 (Moscow+07 after 2014-10-26) - Magadan
++RU +6728+15343 Asia/Srednekolymsk Moscow+08 - E Sakha, N Kuril Is
++RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Kamchatka
++RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Bering Sea
++SA,KW,YE +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh
++SB -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal
++SC -0440+05528 Indian/Mahe
++SD,SS +1536+03232 Africa/Khartoum
++SE +5920+01803 Europe/Stockholm
++SG +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore
++SR +0550-05510 America/Paramaribo
++SV +1342-08912 America/El_Salvador
++SY +3330+03618 Asia/Damascus
++TC +2128-07108 America/Grand_Turk
++TD +1207+01503 Africa/Ndjamena
++TF -492110+0701303 Indian/Kerguelen Kerguelen, St Paul I, Amsterdam I
++TH,KH,LA,VN +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok
++TJ +3835+06848 Asia/Dushanbe
++TK -0922-17114 Pacific/Fakaofo
++TL -0833+12535 Asia/Dili
++TM +3757+05823 Asia/Ashgabat
++TN +3648+01011 Africa/Tunis
++TO -2110-17510 Pacific/Tongatapu
++TR +4101+02858 Europe/Istanbul
++TT,AG,AI,BL,DM,GD,GP,MF,LC,KN,MS,VC,VG,VI +1039-06131 America/Port_of_Spain
++TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti
++TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei
++UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev most locations
++UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Ruthenia
++UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozh'ye, E Lugansk / Zaporizhia, E Luhansk
++UM +1917+16637 Pacific/Wake Wake Island
++US +404251-0740023 America/New_York Eastern Time
++US +421953-0830245 America/Detroit Eastern Time - Michigan - most locations
++US +381515-0854534 America/Kentucky/Louisville Eastern Time - Kentucky - Louisville area
++US +364947-0845057 America/Kentucky/Monticello Eastern Time - Kentucky - Wayne County
++US +394606-0860929 America/Indiana/Indianapolis Eastern Time - Indiana - most locations
++US +384038-0873143 America/Indiana/Vincennes Eastern Time - Indiana - Daviess, Dubois, Knox & Martin Counties
++US +410305-0863611 America/Indiana/Winamac Eastern Time - Indiana - Pulaski County
++US +382232-0862041 America/Indiana/Marengo Eastern Time - Indiana - Crawford County
++US +382931-0871643 America/Indiana/Petersburg Eastern Time - Indiana - Pike County
++US +384452-0850402 America/Indiana/Vevay Eastern Time - Indiana - Switzerland County
++US +415100-0873900 America/Chicago Central Time
++US +375711-0864541 America/Indiana/Tell_City Central Time - Indiana - Perry County
++US +411745-0863730 America/Indiana/Knox Central Time - Indiana - Starke County
++US +450628-0873651 America/Menominee Central Time - Michigan - Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron & Menominee Counties
++US +470659-1011757 America/North_Dakota/Center Central Time - North Dakota - Oliver County
++US +465042-1012439 America/North_Dakota/New_Salem Central Time - North Dakota - Morton County (except Mandan area)
++US +471551-1014640 America/North_Dakota/Beulah Central Time - North Dakota - Mercer County
++US +394421-1045903 America/Denver Mountain Time
++US +433649-1161209 America/Boise Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
++US +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix Mountain Standard Time - Arizona (except Navajo)
++US +340308-1181434 America/Los_Angeles Pacific Time
++US +550737-1313435 America/Metlakatla Pacific Standard Time - Annette Island, Alaska
++US +611305-1495401 America/Anchorage Alaska Time
++US +581807-1342511 America/Juneau Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
++US +571035-1351807 America/Sitka Alaska Time - southeast Alaska panhandle
++US +593249-1394338 America/Yakutat Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck
++US +643004-1652423 America/Nome Alaska Time - west Alaska
++US +515248-1763929 America/Adak Aleutian Islands
++US,UM +211825-1575130 Pacific/Honolulu Hawaii time
++UY -3453-05611 America/Montevideo
++UZ +3940+06648 Asia/Samarkand west Uzbekistan
++UZ +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent east Uzbekistan
++VE +1030-06656 America/Caracas
++VU -1740+16825 Pacific/Efate
++WF -1318-17610 Pacific/Wallis
++WS -1350-17144 Pacific/Apia
++ZA,LS,SZ -2615+02800 Africa/Johannesburg
Property changes on: head/share/security/patches/EN-14:10/tzdata-8.4.patch
___________________________________________________________________
Added: fbsd:nokeywords
## -0,0 +1 ##
+yes
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/share/security/patches/EN-14:10/tzdata-8.4.patch.asc
===================================================================
--- head/share/security/patches/EN-14:10/tzdata-8.4.patch.asc (nonexistent)
+++ head/share/security/patches/EN-14:10/tzdata-8.4.patch.asc (revision 45862)
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
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Property changes on: head/share/security/patches/EN-14:10/tzdata-8.4.patch.asc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: fbsd:nokeywords
## -0,0 +1 ##
+yes
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/share/security/patches/EN-14:10/tzdata-9.1.patch
===================================================================
--- head/share/security/patches/EN-14:10/tzdata-9.1.patch (nonexistent)
+++ head/share/security/patches/EN-14:10/tzdata-9.1.patch (revision 45862)
@@ -0,0 +1,10877 @@
+Index: contrib/tzdata/africa
+===================================================================
+--- contrib/tzdata/africa (revision 273102)
++++ contrib/tzdata/africa (working copy)
+@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
+-#
+-# @(#)africa 8.33
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+ # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+ # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
+-# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
++# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+
+-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+ #
+ # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+ # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+@@ -26,6 +24,10 @@
+ # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
+ # I found in the UCLA library.
+ #
++# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
++# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
++# .
++#
+ # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
+ # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
+ #
+@@ -32,13 +34,13 @@
+ # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
+ # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
+ # but Mark R V Murray reports that
+-# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
+-# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
+-# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
+-# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
+-# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
++# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
++# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
++# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
++# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
++# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
+ #
+-# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
++# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
+ # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
+ # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
+ # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
+@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@
+ # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
+ # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
+ # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
+-# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
++# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
+ # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
+ # until we get more information.
+ #
+@@ -117,16 +119,18 @@ Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+ # Botswana
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
++# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
++# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
++ 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
+ 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+ # Burkina Faso
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912
+- 0:00 - GMT
++# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+ # Burundi
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -154,7 +158,7 @@ Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912
+
+ # Chad
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912
++Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
+ 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
+ 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
+ 1:00 - WAT
+@@ -176,10 +180,20 @@ Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
+ Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+-# Cote D'Ivoire
++# Côte D'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
+ 0:00 - GMT
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
++Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe
++Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
+
+ # Djibouti
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -190,6 +204,11 @@ Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
+
+ # Egypt
+
++# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
++# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
++# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
++# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+@@ -219,30 +238,26 @@ Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
+ # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
+ #
+ # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
+-#
+ # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
+-#
+ # or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
+-#
+ Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
+-Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
++Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
+ # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
+ # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
+ # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
+ # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
+-Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+ # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
+ # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
+ # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
+-# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
++# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
+ # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
+-Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
+ # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
+ # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
+ # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
+@@ -276,15 +291,9 @@ Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
+ #
+ # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
+ #
+-# [1]
+-# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
+-#
+-# [2]
+-# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
+-#
+-# [3]
+-# http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
+-#
++# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
++# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
++# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
+ # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
+@@ -292,45 +301,110 @@ Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
+ # in September.
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
+-# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
++# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
+ # Information and Decision Support Center:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
+-#
+-#
++#
+ # The Middle East News Agency
+-#
+ # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
+-#
+ # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
+-# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
++# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
+ # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
+ # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
+ # (at least today).
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
+-# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
++# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
+ # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
+ # Ramadan.
+ #
+ # Arabic translation:
+-# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again"
+-#
++# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
+ # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
+-#
+
+-Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 -
+-Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 23:00s 0 -
+-Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
+-Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 10 0:00 1:00 S
+-Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
++# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
++# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
++# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
+
++# From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13):
++# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
++
++# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
++# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
++# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
++# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
++# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
++# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
++# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
++# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
++# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
++# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
++# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
++# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
++# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
++# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
++# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
++# no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
++# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
++#
++# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use
++# 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at
++# 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the
++# first Friday after Ramadan. To implement this,
++# transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running
++# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated
++# by hand into the table below. Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed
++# DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff.
++# (let ((islamic-year 1436))
++# (while (< islamic-year 1460)
++# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
++# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
++# (friday 5))
++# (while (/= friday (mod a 7))
++# (setq a (1- a)))
++# (while (/= friday (mod b 7))
++# (setq b (1+ b)))
++# (setq a (1- a))
++# (setq b (1- b))
++# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
++# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
++# (insert
++# (format
++# (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
++# "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n")
++# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
++# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
++# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
++Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2014 max - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2015 2019 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jun 11 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jul 23 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jun 2 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 -
++Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
++
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct
++Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
+ 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
+
+ # Equatorial Guinea
+@@ -347,10 +421,15 @@ Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+ # Ethiopia
+-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
+-# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
+-# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
++# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
++# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
++# 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
++#
++# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
++# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
++# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50
++# was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data are wrong anyway.
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
+ 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
+@@ -362,28 +441,24 @@ Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+ # Gambia
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912
+- -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
+- -1:00 - WAT 1964
+- 0:00 - GMT
++# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+ # Ghana
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
+-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+-Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
+-Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
++# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
++# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
++# and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
++# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
++# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
++# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
++Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
++Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
+ 0:00 Ghana %s
+
+ # Guinea
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912
+- 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
+- -1:00 - WAT 1960
+- 0:00 - GMT
++# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+ # Guinea-Bissau
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -425,6 +500,28 @@ Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
+
+ # Libya
+
++# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
++# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
++# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
++# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
++#
++# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
++# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
++#
++# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
++# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
++# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
++# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
++# lastFri instead of lastSun).
++
++# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
++# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
++# cancelled yesterday....
++# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
++#
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
++# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2.
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
+@@ -439,16 +536,21 @@ Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
++Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
++Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
++Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
++Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
+ 2:00 - EET 1982
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
+-# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
++# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
+ # the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
+ 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
+- 1:00 - CET 1997 Apr 4
+- 1:00 1:00 CEST 1997 Oct 4
++ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
++ 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
++ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
+ 2:00 - EET
+
+ # Madagascar
+@@ -464,18 +566,8 @@ Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+ # Mali
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912
+- 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
+- -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20
+- 0:00 - GMT
+-
+ # Mauritania
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912
+- 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
+- -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28
+- 0:00 - GMT
++# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+ # Mauritius
+
+@@ -482,7 +574,7 @@ Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
+ # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
+ # basis....
+-# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
++# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
+ # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
+
+@@ -499,19 +591,17 @@ Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
+ # According to
+-#
+ # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
+-#
+ # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
+ # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
+ # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
+ # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
+-#
+-# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
+-# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
+-# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
+-# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
+-# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
++#
++# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
++# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
++# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
++# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
++# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
+ # changes two days later.
+
+ # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
+@@ -520,18 +610,13 @@ Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
+ #
+ # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
+-# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
+-# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.
+-# ...
+-#
++# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
++# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
+-#
+
+ # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
+ # The Government of Mauritius weblink
+-#
+ # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
+-#
+ # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
+ #
+ # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
+@@ -541,7 +626,7 @@ Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
+ # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
+ # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
+-# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
++# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
+ # and end on 29 March 2009.
+
+ # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
+@@ -548,9 +633,7 @@ Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
+ # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
+ # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
+-#
+ # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
+ # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
+@@ -557,20 +640,14 @@ Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ # DST the coming summer...
+ #
+ # Some sources, in French:
+-#
+ # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
+-#
+-#
+ # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
+-#
+ #
+ # Our wrap-up:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
+-#
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
+-# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
++# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
+ # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
+ # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
+
+@@ -591,7 +668,7 @@ Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamou
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+ # Morocco
+-# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
++# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
+
+ # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
+ # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
+@@ -599,21 +676,14 @@ Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamou
+ #
+ # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
+ # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
+-# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
++# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
+-#
+-# OR
+-#
+ # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
+ # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse:
+-#
+ # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
+-#
+ #
+ # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
+ # spokesman.
+@@ -620,83 +690,54 @@ Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamou
+
+ # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
+ # According to this article:
+-#
+ # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
+-#
+-# (and republished here:
+-#
+-# http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html
+-#
+-# )
+-# the changes occurs at midnight:
++# (and republished here: )
++# the changes occur at midnight:
+ #
+-# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be
+-# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday)
+-# sunday night the 28th at midnight
++# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
++# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
++# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
+ #
+-# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
+-# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and
+-# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
+-# june1st to sept 27th.
++# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
++# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
++# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
++# June 1st to Sept 27th.
+ #
+ # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
+ # published on the web.
+ #
+ # It's also confirmed here:
+-#
+ # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
+-#
+-# on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet
+-# posted in english).
++# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
++# posted in English).
+ #
+-# The following google query will generate many relevant hits:
+-#
++# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
+ # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
+-#
+
+-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
+-# Is Western Sahara (part which administrated by Morocco) going to follow
+-# Morocco DST changes? Any information? What about other part of
+-# Western Sahara - under administration of POLISARIO Front (also named
+-# SADR Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic)?
+-
+-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-09):
+-# XXX--guess that it is only Morocco for now; guess only 2008 for now.
+-
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
+-# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
+-# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
++# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
++# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
+ # of September:
+ #
+ # One article about it (in French):
+-#
+ # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
+-#
+ #
+ # We have some further details posted here:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
+ # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
+ # to many sources, such as
+-#
+ # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
+-#
+ # (French)
+ #
+ # Our summary:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
+ # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
+-# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
++# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
+ #
+ # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
+ # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
+@@ -703,13 +744,8 @@ Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamou
+ # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
+ # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
+-#
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
+ # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
+@@ -717,14 +753,10 @@ Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamou
+ # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
+ #
+ # Example:
+-#
+ # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
+-#
+ # (French)
+ # Our page:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
+-#
+
+ # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
+ # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
+@@ -734,34 +766,20 @@ Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamou
+ # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
+ # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
+ # +212.537.71.84.00
+-#
+ # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
+-#
+ # They said that
+-#
+ # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
+-#
+ # is the official publication to look at.
+ # They said that the decision was already taken.
+ #
+ # More articles in the press
+-#
+-# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev
+-#
+-# e.html
+-#
++# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
+ # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
+-# anche-prochain-5538.html
+-#
+
+ # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
+ # They have it written in English here:
+-#
+ # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
+-#
+ #
+ # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
+ # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
+@@ -768,6 +786,102 @@ Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamou
+ # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
+ # also been like that in the past.
+
++# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
++# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
++# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
++# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
++# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
++# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
++# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
++# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
++# except the month of Ramadan.
++# or (brief)
++# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
++
++# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
++# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
++# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
++# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
++# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
++# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
++
++# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
++# Seen Morocco change again:
++# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
++# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
++# comme annoncé précédemment."
++
++# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
++# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
++# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
++#
++# Google translation, lightly edited:
++# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
++# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
++# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
++# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
++# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
++# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
++# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
++# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
++# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
++# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
++# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
++# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
++# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
++# .
++
++# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
++# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
++# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
++# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
++
++# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
++# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
++# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
++# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
++# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
++# source (French):
++# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
++# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
++# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
++
++# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
++# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
++
++# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
++# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
++# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST
++# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
++# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05):
++# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules,
++# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
++# Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after
++# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were
++# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
++# results integrated by hand into the table below.
++# (let ((islamic-year 1436))
++# (while (< islamic-year 1460)
++# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
++# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
++# (saturday 6))
++# (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
++# (while (/= saturday (mod b 7))
++# (setq b (1+ b)))
++# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
++# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
++# (insert
++# (format
++# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
++# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
++# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
++# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
++# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
++
+ # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+
+ Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
+@@ -788,20 +902,65 @@ Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+-Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
+-Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 13 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 4 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 9 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 20 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 12 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 16 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 4 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 18 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 30 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 2 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 7 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 13 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
++Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 27 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 18 3:00 0 -
++Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 10 3:00 0 -
++
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
+ 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
+ 1:00 - CET 1986
+ 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
++
+ # Western Sahara
+-Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan
++#
++# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
++# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
++# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
++# Morocco does.
++#
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
++# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
++# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
++
++Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
+ -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
+- 0:00 - WET
++ 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
+
+ # Mozambique
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -820,7 +979,7 @@ Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
+ # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
+ # of the country.
+-#
++#
+ # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
+ # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
+ # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
+@@ -849,15 +1008,17 @@ Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
+ Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+-# Reunion
++# Réunion
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
+- 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time
++ 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time
+ #
+-# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
++# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
++#
++# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
+ # The following information about them is taken from
+-# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
+-# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
++# Îles Éparses (, 1997-07-22,
++# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
+ # We have no info about their time zone histories.
+ #
+ # Bassas da India - uninhabited
+@@ -872,28 +1033,17 @@ Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
+ 2:00 - CAT
+
+ # St Helena
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
+- -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
+- 0:00 - GMT
++# See Africa/Abidjan.
+ # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
+ # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
+-# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
++# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
+ # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
+ # on GMT, says the CIA
+-# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
++# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
+
+-# Sao Tome and Principe
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
+- -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
+- 0:00 - GMT
+-
++# São Tomé and Príncipe
+ # Senegal
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912
+- -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun
+- 0:00 - GMT
++# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+ # Seychelles
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -907,17 +1057,7 @@ Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
+ # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
+
+ # Sierra Leone
+-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+-Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST
+-Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT
+-Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST
+-Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882
+- -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
+- -1:00 SL %s 1957
+- 0:00 SL %s
++# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+ # Somalia
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -940,9 +1080,9 @@ Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
+
+ # Sudan
+ #
+-# From
+-# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
+-# , also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
++# From
++# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
++# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
+ # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
+ # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
+ # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
+@@ -958,9 +1098,7 @@ Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+ # South Sudan
+-Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:24 - LMT 1931
+- 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
+- 3:00 - EAT
++Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
+
+ # Swaziland
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+@@ -975,14 +1113,12 @@ Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+ # Togo
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893
+- 0:00 - GMT
++# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+ # Tunisia
+
+ # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
+-# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
++# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
+ # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
+ # , in a story attributed to AP
+ # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
+@@ -991,7 +1127,7 @@ Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
+ # Saturday." (My translation)
+ #
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
+-# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
++# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
+ #
+ # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
+ # 1h standard time.
+@@ -1005,18 +1141,12 @@ Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
+ # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
+ # (Arabic)
+-#
+ # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
+-#
+ #
+ # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
+ # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
+ # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
+@@ -1024,20 +1154,17 @@ Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
+ # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
+ #
+ # (in English)
+-#
+ # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
+-#
+ #
+ # (in Arabic)
+-#
+ # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
+-#
+
+-# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18):
+-# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact
+-# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time.
+-# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long."
+-# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
++# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
++# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
++# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
++# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
++# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
++# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
+ # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
+@@ -1049,12 +1176,8 @@ Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
+ # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
+ #
+ # (in Arabic)
+-#
+ # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
+-#
+ # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
+
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Index: contrib/tzdata/antarctica
+===================================================================
+--- contrib/tzdata/antarctica (revision 273102)
++++ contrib/tzdata/antarctica (working copy)
+@@ -1,25 +1,21 @@
+-#
+-# @(#)antarctica 8.10
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
+ # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
+-#
+ # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
+-#
++#
+ # and
+-#
+ # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
+-#
++#
+ # for information.
+ # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
+ #
+ # Except for the French entries,
+ # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
+-# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
++# FORMAT is 'zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
+
+-# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
++# These rules are stolen from the 'southamerica' file.
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+ Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+@@ -51,54 +47,24 @@ Rule ChileAQ 2009 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
+ Rule ChileAQ 2010 only - Apr Sun>=1 3:00u 0 -
+ Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - May Sun>=2 3:00u 0 -
+ Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S
+-Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 -
+-Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S
+-Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
+-Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
++Rule ChileAQ 2012 max - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 -
++Rule ChileAQ 2012 max - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S
+
+-# These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file.
+-Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
+-Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
+-Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
+-Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
+-Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
+-Rule AusAQ 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
+-Rule AusAQ 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule ATAQ 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule ATAQ 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
+-Rule ATAQ 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+-Rule ATAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+-
+ # Argentina - year-round bases
+ # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
+-# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
+-# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
+-# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
++# Carlini, Potter Cove, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
++# Esperanza, Hope Bay, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
++# Marambio, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
+ # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
+-# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
++# San Martín, Barry I, -6808-06706, since 1951-03-21
+ # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
+
+ # Australia - territories
+ # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
+ # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
+-#
+ # Margaret Turner reports
+-# (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
++#
++# (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
+ # presumably this is when they have visitors.
+ #
+ # year-round bases
+@@ -115,20 +81,13 @@ Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S
+ # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
+ #
+ # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
+-#
+ # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
+-#
+ #
+ # We have more background information here:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
+-# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
+-# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
+-# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
+-# on 4 April.
++# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ...
+ #
+ # - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.
+ # The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but
+@@ -139,23 +98,18 @@ Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S
+ #
+ # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
+ #
+-# In addition to the Rule changes for Casey/Davis, it means that Macquarie
+-# will no longer be like Hobart and will have to have its own Zone created.
+-#
+ # Background:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
+-#
+
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969
+- 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00
+- # Western (Aus) Standard Time
++ 8:00 - AWST 2009 Oct 18 2:00
++ # Australian Western Std Time
+ 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00
+ # Casey Time
+- 8:00 - WST 2011 Oct 28 2:00
++ 8:00 - AWST 2011 Oct 28 2:00
+ 11:00 - CAST 2012 Feb 21 17:00u
+- 8:00 - WST
++ 8:00 - AWST
+ Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13
+ 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
+ 0 - zzz 1969 Feb
+@@ -168,31 +122,28 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
+ 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
+ # Mawson Time
+ 5:00 - MAWT
+-Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1911
+- 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
+- 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
+- 10:00 AusAQ EST 1967
+- 10:00 ATAQ EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00
+- 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie Island Time
+ # References:
+-#
+ # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
+-#
+-#
++#
+ # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
+-#
+-#
++#
+ # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
+-#
++#
+
++# Belgium - year-round base
++# Princess Elisabeth, Queen Maud Land, -713412+0231200, since 2007
++
+ # Brazil - year-round base
+-# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
++# Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
+
++# Bulgaria - year-round base
++# St. Kliment Ohridski, Livingston Island, -623829-0602153, since 1988
++
+ # Chile - year-round bases and towns
+ # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
+-# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
+-# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
+-# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
++# Frei Montalva, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
++# O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
++# Prat, -6230-05941
+ # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
+ # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
+
+@@ -200,20 +151,23 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
+ # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
+ # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
+
+-# France - year-round bases
++# France - year-round bases (also see "France & Italy")
+ #
+ # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
+ # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
+ # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
+-# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
+-# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
++# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adélie bases
++# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adélie supplies came
+ # from Tasmania.
+ #
+ # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
+ #
+-# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
+-# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
+-# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
++# Alfred Faure, Possession Island, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964;
++# sealing & whaling stations operated variously 1802/1911+;
++# see Indian/Reunion.
++#
++# Martin-de-Viviès, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
++# Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
+ # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
+ #
+ # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
+@@ -220,11 +174,12 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
+ # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
+ #
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
++Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Français
+ 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
+ #
+ # year-round base in the main continent
+-# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
++# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
++# (2005-12-05)
+ #
+ # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
+ # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
+@@ -234,20 +189,22 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
+ 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
+ 0 - zzz 1956 Nov
+ 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
+-# Reference:
+-#
+-# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
+-#
+
++# France & Italy - year-round base
++# Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005
++
+ # Germany - year-round base
+-# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
++# Neumayer III, -704080-0081602, since 2009
+
+-# India - year-round base
+-# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
++# India - year-round bases
++# Bharati, -692428+0761114, since 2012
++# Maitri, -704558+0114356, since 1989
+
++# Italy - year-round base (also see "France & Italy")
++# Zuchelli, Terra Nova Bay, -744140+1640647, since 1986
++
+ # Japan - year-round bases
+-# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
+-# Syowa, -690022+0393524
++# Syowa (also known as Showa), -690022+0393524, since 1957
+ #
+ # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
+ # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
+@@ -259,11 +216,11 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
+ Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
+ 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
+ # See:
+-#
+ # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
+-#
++#
+
+ # S Korea - year-round base
++# Jang Bogo, Terra Nova Bay, -743700+1641205 since 2014
+ # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
+
+ # New Zealand - claims
+@@ -271,19 +228,8 @@ Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
+ # Scott Island (never inhabited)
+ #
+ # year-round base
+-# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
+-#
+-# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
+-# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
+-Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+-Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
+-Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+-Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
+-Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+-Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
+-Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+-Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
++# Scott Base, Ross Island, since 1957-01.
++# See Pacific/Auckland.
+
+ # Norway - territories
+ # Bouvet (never inhabited)
+@@ -290,10 +236,42 @@ Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
+ #
+ # claims
+ # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
++#
++# year-round base
++# Troll, Queen Maud Land, -720041+0023206, since 2005-02-12
++#
++# From Paul-Inge Flakstad (2014-03-10):
++# I recently had a long dialog about this with the developer of timegenie.com.
++# In the absence of specific dates, he decided to choose some likely ones:
++# GMT +1 - From March 1 to the last Sunday in March
++# GMT +2 - From the last Sunday in March until the last Sunday in October
++# GMT +1 - From the last Sunday in October until November 7
++# GMT +0 - From November 7 until March 1
++# The dates for switching to and from UTC+0 will probably not be absolutely
++# correct, but they should be quite close to the actual dates.
++#
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-21):
++# The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tzcode 2014b or later, so as
++# suggested by Bengt-Inge Larsson comment them out for now, and approximate
++# with only UTC and CEST. Uncomment them when 2014b is more prevalent.
++#
++# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
++#Rule Troll 2005 max - Mar 1 1:00u 1:00 CET
++Rule Troll 2005 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 2:00 CEST
++#Rule Troll 2005 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 1:00 CET
++#Rule Troll 2004 max - Nov 7 1:00u 0:00 UTC
++# Remove the following line when uncommenting the above '#Rule' lines.
++Rule Troll 2004 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0:00 UTC
++# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
++Zone Antarctica/Troll 0 - zzz 2005 Feb 12
++ 0:00 Troll %s
+
+ # Poland - year-round base
+ # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
+
++# Romania - year-bound base
++# Law-Racoviță, Larsemann Hills, -692319+0762251, since 1986
++
+ # Russia - year-round bases
+ # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
+ # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
+@@ -303,8 +281,8 @@ Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
+ # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
+
+ # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
+-#
+-# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
++# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)
++# :
+ # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
+ # time as Moscow, Russia.
+ #
+@@ -311,15 +289,15 @@ Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
+ # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
+ # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
+ # what they had to say about time there:
+-# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
++# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
+ # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
+ # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
+ # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
+-# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
++# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
+ #
+ # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
+ # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
+-# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local
++# in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
+ # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
+ # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
+ # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
+@@ -331,9 +309,12 @@ Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16
+
+ # S Africa - year-round bases
+ # Marion Island, -4653+03752
+-# Sanae, -7141-00250
++# SANAE IV, Vesleskarvet, Queen Maud Land, -714022-0025026, since 1997
+
+-# UK
++# Ukraine - year-round base
++# Vernadsky (formerly Faraday), Galindez Island, -651445-0641526, since 1954
++
++# United Kingdom
+ #
+ # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
+ # South Orkney Islands
+@@ -380,17 +361,9 @@ Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
+ -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT
+ #
+ #
+-# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
+- 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT
++# McMurdo Station, Ross Island, since 1955-12
++# Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
+ #
+-# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
+-#
+-# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
+-# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
+-# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
+-#
+ # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
+ # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
+ # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
+@@ -397,7 +370,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
+ # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
+ # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
+ # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
+-# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
++# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 Degrees South.)
+ #
+ # From Susan Smith
+ # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
+@@ -411,4 +384,4 @@ Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
+ # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
+ # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
+ #
+-Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
++# See 'australasia' for Antarctica/McMurdo.
+Index: contrib/tzdata/asia
+===================================================================
+--- contrib/tzdata/asia (revision 273102)
++++ contrib/tzdata/asia (working copy)
+@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
+-# @(#)asia 8.70
+ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+ # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+ # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+ # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
+-# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
++# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
+
+-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
+ #
+ # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+ # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+@@ -25,10 +24,14 @@
+ # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
+ # I found in the UCLA library.
+ #
++# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
++# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
++# .
++#
+ # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
+ # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
+ #
+-# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
++# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
+ # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
+ # Corrections are welcome!
+ # std dst
+@@ -40,16 +43,17 @@
+ # 4:00 GST Gulf*
+ # 5:30 IST India
+ # 7:00 ICT Indochina*
+-# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
+-# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
++# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
++# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
+ # 8:00 CST China
+-# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
+-# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
++# 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
++# 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
++# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
+ # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
+ # 9:00 KST KDT Korea
+-# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
++# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
+ #
+-# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
++# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
+
+ # From Guy Harris:
+ # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
+@@ -59,7 +63,7 @@
+
+ ###############################################################################
+
+-# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
++# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
+ Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
+@@ -101,7 +105,7 @@ Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
+ # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
+ # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
+-#
++#
+ # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
+ # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
+ # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
+@@ -137,7 +141,7 @@ Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
+
+ # Bahrain
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
++Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Manamah
+ 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
+ 3:00 - AST
+
+@@ -147,13 +151,8 @@ Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
+ #
+ # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
+-#
+ # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
+-#
+ #
+ # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
+ # June
+@@ -168,49 +167,36 @@ Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
+ #
+ # Some sources:
+-#
+ # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
+-#
+-#
+ # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
+-#
+ #
+ # Our wrap-up:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
+-#
+
+ # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
+-# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
+-# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
+-# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
++# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
++# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
++# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
+ #
+ # No DST end date has been announced yet.
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
+-# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
+-# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
++# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
++# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
+ #
+ # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
+ # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
+-#
+ # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
+ # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
+-# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
+-# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
++# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
++# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
+ # "continue for an indefinite period."
+ #
+ # One of many places where it is published:
+-#
+ # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
+ # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
+@@ -217,13 +203,8 @@ Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
+ #
+ # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
+-#
+ # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
+-#
+-# and
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
+-#
+ #
+ # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
+ # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
+@@ -232,14 +213,9 @@ Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
+ # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
+-# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
+-#
++# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
+ # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
+-#
+
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
+@@ -279,9 +255,12 @@ Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar
+ 8:00 - BNT
+
+ # Burma / Myanmar
++
++# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
++
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
+- 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
++ 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
+ 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
+ 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
+@@ -302,12 +281,12 @@ Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
+ # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
+ # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
+ # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
+-# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
+-# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
++# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
++# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
+ # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
+ #
+ # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
+-# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
++# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
+ # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
+ #
+ # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
+@@ -317,15 +296,16 @@ Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
+ # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
+ # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
+
+-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+-# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
+-# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
+-# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
+-# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
+-# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
+-# pre-1980 time zones.
++# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
++# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
++# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
++# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
+
+-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
++# Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
++# this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer
++# DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
++# go with them for DST rules as follows:
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+@@ -339,7 +319,7 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+ # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
+ # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
+ #
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
+ # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
+ # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
+ # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
+@@ -350,64 +330,97 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+ # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
+ # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
+
+-# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
+-# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
+-# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
+-# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
+-# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
+-# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
+-# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
+-# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
++# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
+ #
+-# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
+-# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
+-# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
+-# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
+-# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
+-# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
+-# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
++# (1)
++# Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
++# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
++# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
++# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
++# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
++# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
++# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
++# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
++# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
++# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
++# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
++# could well have ignored any such mandate.
+ #
+-# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
+-# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
+-# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
+-# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
+-# Shanks & Pottenger.
+-
+-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
++# (2)
++# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
++# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
++# [undated and unknown publication location]
++# It says several things:
++# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
++# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
++# the official calendar book of 1914.
++# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
++# French docks in the 1890s, controled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
++# Obervatory and set to local mean time.
++# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
++# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
++# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
++# became used by railways as well.
++# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
++# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
++# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
++# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
++# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
++# Japanese-occupied territory.
++# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
++# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
++# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
++# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
++# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
++#
++# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
++# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
++# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
++# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
++# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8.
++#
++# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
++# this was based on what was apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
++# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
++# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
++# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
++# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
++#
++# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5
++# Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
+ # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
+-Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
+- 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
+- 8:00 - CST 1940
+- 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
+- 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
+- 8:00 PRC C%sT
+-# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
++#
++# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8
++# Asia/Shanghai
+ # most of China
+-Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
+- 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
+- 8:00 PRC C%sT
+-# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
++# This currently represents most other zones as well,
++# as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
++# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
++# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century".
++#
++# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7
++# Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
+ # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
+ # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
+ # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
+ # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
+-Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
+- 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
+- 8:00 PRC C%sT
+-# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
++#
++# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6
++# Asia/Urumqi
++# This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
++# as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
+ # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
+ # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
+ # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
+ # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
+-# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
++# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
+ # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
+ # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
+ # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
+-Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
+- 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
+- 8:00 PRC C%sT
+-# Kunlun Time
++#
++# Kunlun Time UT+5.5
++# Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
+ # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
+ # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
+ # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
+@@ -424,9 +437,9 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+ # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
+ # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
+ # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
+-# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
++# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
+ # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
+-# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
++# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
+ # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
+ #
+ # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
+@@ -438,21 +451,6 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+ # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
+ # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
+ # others moving their clocks ahead.)
+-#
+-# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
+-#
+-# The first few lines of the Google translation of
+-#
+-# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
+-#
+-# (retrieved 2009-10-13)
+-# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
+-# > 500 million yuan
+-# >
+-# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
+-# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
+-# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
+-# > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
+
+ # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
+ # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
+@@ -463,7 +461,7 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+ # 3. Urumqi...
+ # 4. Kashgar...
+ # ...
+-# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
++# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
+ # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
+ # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
+ #
+@@ -475,12 +473,61 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+ # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
+ # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
+
+-Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
+- 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
+- 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
++# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
++# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
++# http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
++
++# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
++# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
++# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
++# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
++# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
++# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
++# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
++# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
++# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
++# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
++# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
++# having the same time as Beijing.
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
++# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but
++# this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
++# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
++# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
++# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
++#
++# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
++# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
++# (2014-04-22).
++# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
++# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dyansty,
++# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
++# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
++# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
++# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
++# XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
++# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
++# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before
++# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and
++# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
++# UT+8 mandate back then.
++
++# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
++# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
++Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
++ 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
++# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
++# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
++Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
++ 6:00 - XJT
+
+
++# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
++
++# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
++
+ # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
+ # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
+ # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
+@@ -489,19 +536,15 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+ # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
+ # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
+ # obtained from
+-#
+ # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
+-# .
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
+ # Here are the dates given at
+-#
+ # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
+-#
+ # as of 2009-10-28:
+ # Year Period
+ # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
+-# 1942 Whole year
++# 1942 Whole year
+ # 1943 Whole year
+ # 1944 Whole year
+ # 1945 Whole year
+@@ -547,7 +590,6 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+ # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
+ # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
+
+-# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
+ Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
+@@ -569,7 +611,7 @@ Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
+ Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
+ Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
++Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
+ 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
+ 8:00 HK HK%sT
+@@ -578,35 +620,113 @@ Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
+
+ # Taiwan
+
+-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
+-# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
+-# have any other information.
+-
+ # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
+-# According to Taiwan's CWB,
+-#
++# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
+ # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
+-#
+ # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
+
+-# From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07):
+-# Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page:
+-# Decade Name Start and end date
+-# Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30
+-# 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31
+-# Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31
+-# In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
+-# Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30
+-# Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30
+-# Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time
+-# Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
+-# Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time
+-# Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30
+-# Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time
++# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
++# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
++# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
++# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
++# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
++# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
++# found on Wikisource:
++# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
++# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
++# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
++# declared officially.
++#
++# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
++# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
++# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
++# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
++# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
++# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
++# (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
++# be found on Wikisource:
++# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
++#
++# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
+
++# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
++# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
++# back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
++# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
++# zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another
++# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
++# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
++# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
++# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
++# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
++# that:
++#
++# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
++# the time at 135E (GMT+9)
++#
++# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
++# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
++# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
++# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
++#
++# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
++# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
++# Time.
++#
++# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
++# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
++# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
++# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
++# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
++# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
++
++# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
++# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
++# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General
++# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
++# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
++# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
++# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more
++# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
++# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
++# would be a good one.
++# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
++# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
++
++# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
++# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
++# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
++#
++# Original Bulletin:
++#
++# (cont.)
++#
++# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
++# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
++#
++#
++#
++# Here is a brief translation:
++#
++# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
++# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
++# adption till Oct 31 midnight.
++#
++# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
++# be found from historical government announcement database.
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
++# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01
++# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
++# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+-Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
+-Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
++Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
++Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
++Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
++Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
++Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
++Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+ Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
+ Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+@@ -614,11 +734,14 @@ Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+ Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+-Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
+-Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
++Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
++Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
++# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
++Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
++ 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1
++ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 01:00
+ 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
+
+ # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
+@@ -646,6 +769,9 @@ Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
+ ###############################################################################
+
+ # Cyprus
++#
++# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
++#
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
+@@ -684,7 +810,7 @@ Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
+ # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
+ # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
+ # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
+-# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
++# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
+ # of integration into Europe.
+
+ # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
+@@ -697,10 +823,11 @@ Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
+ # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
+ # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
+
++# Milne says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7; round to nearest.)
+
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
+- 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
++Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:06 - LMT 1880
++ 2:59:06 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
+ 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
+@@ -716,10 +843,9 @@ Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
+
+ # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
+
+-# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
+-#
++# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
+ # East Timor may be late for its millennium
+-# (1999-12-26/31):
++# (1999-12-26/31):
+ # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
+ # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
+ # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
+@@ -729,9 +855,9 @@ Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
+ # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
+ # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
+
+-#
+ # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
+-# (2000-08-16):
++# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
++# (2000-08-16):
+ # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
+ # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
+ # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
+@@ -742,7 +868,7 @@ Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
+ 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
+ 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
+- 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
++ 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 00:00
+ 9:00 - TLT
+
+ # India
+@@ -773,42 +899,59 @@ Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
+ # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
+ # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
+ # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
+-# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
++# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
+ # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
+ # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
+ # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
+ # switched on 1945-09-23.
+ #
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
++# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
++# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
++# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
++# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
++# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
++# Indonesia, (2006-09-29).
++# The abbreviations are:
++#
++# WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
++# WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
++# WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
++#
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
++# Java, Sumatra
+ Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
+ # but this must be a typo.
+- 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
++ 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
+ 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
+- 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
++ 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
+- 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
+- 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
+- 7:30 - WIT 1964
+- 7:00 - WIT
++ 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
++ 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
++ 7:30 - WIB 1964
++ 7:00 - WIB
++# west and central Borneo
+ Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
+ 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
+- 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
++ 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
+- 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
+- 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
+- 7:30 - WIT 1964
+- 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
+- 7:00 - WIT
++ 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
++ 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
++ 7:30 - WIB 1964
++ 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
++ 7:00 - WIB
++# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
+ Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
+ 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
+- 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
++ 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
+- 8:00 - CIT
++ 8:00 - WITA
++# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
+ Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
+- 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
+- 9:30 - CST 1964
+- 9:00 - EIT
++ 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1
++ 9:30 - ACST 1964
++ 9:00 - WIT
+
+ # Iran
+
+@@ -873,7 +1016,7 @@ Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
+ # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
+ # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
+ #
+-# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
++# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
+ # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
+ # daylight saving time ...
+ # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
+@@ -964,17 +1107,11 @@ Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
+ # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
+ # news sources (in Arabic):
+-#
+ # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
+-#
+ #
+ # We have published a short article in English about the change:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
+-#
+
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
+@@ -983,7 +1120,7 @@ Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
+ Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
+-# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
++# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
+ #
+ Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
+@@ -1059,9 +1196,14 @@ Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
+ Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
+-Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
+
++# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
++# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
++# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
++# ends and changes to Sunday.
++Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
++Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
++
+ # From Ephraim Silverberg
+ # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
+ # and 2005-02-17):
+@@ -1170,15 +1312,15 @@ Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
+ #
+ # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
+
+-# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
++# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
+ # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
+ # (2005-02-20)
+ # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
+-# to generate the transitions in this list.
++# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
+ # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
+-# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
++# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
+ #
+-# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
++# Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
+ #
+ # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
+ # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
+@@ -1195,42 +1337,24 @@ Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
+ Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
+ Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
++Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
+ Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
+-Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
+-Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
+-Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
+-Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
+-Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
+-Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
+-Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
+
++# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
++# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the
++# Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading
++# in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third
++# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
++#
++# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
++# in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
++
++# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
++Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
++Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
++
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
++Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
+ 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
+ 2:00 Zion I%sT
+
+@@ -1240,12 +1364,12 @@ Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
+
+ # Japan
+
+-# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
++# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
+ # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
+-# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
+-# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
++# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
++# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
+
+ # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
+ # :
+@@ -1272,7 +1396,7 @@ Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+
+ # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
+ # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
+-# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
++# Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
+ # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
+ # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
+ # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
+@@ -1280,10 +1404,10 @@ Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+
+ # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
+ # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
+-# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
++# which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
+ # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
+ # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
+-# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
++# time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
+ # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
+ # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
+ # standard....
+@@ -1291,27 +1415,33 @@ Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+ # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
+ # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
+
+-# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
+-# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
+-# ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
++# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
++# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
++# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
++# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
++#
++# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
++# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
++# Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
++# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
+
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
+- 9:00 - JST 1896
+- 9:00 - CJT 1938
++ 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1
++ 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
+ 9:00 Japan J%sT
+ # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
+
+ # Jordan
+ #
+-# From
+-# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
++# From
++# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
+ # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
+ # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
+ # all year round.
+ #
+-# From
+-# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
++# From
++# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
+ # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
+ # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
+ # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
+@@ -1329,27 +1459,9 @@ Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
+ # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
+ #
+
+-# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
+-# ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
+-# Jordan.
+-# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
+-# saving
+-# time on the last Thursday in March.
+-#
+-# Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
+-#
+-# However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan
+-# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
+-# Please see
+-#
+-# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11
+-#
+-
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
+ # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
+-#
+ # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
+-#
+ #
+ # Google's translation:
+ #
+@@ -1362,6 +1474,28 @@ Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
+ # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
+
++# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
++# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
++# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
++# until about the same time next year (at least).
++# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
++
++# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
++# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
++# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
++# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
++# Official, in Arabic:
++# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
++# ... Our background/permalink about it
++# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
++# ...
++# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
++# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
++# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
++# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+@@ -1386,11 +1520,14 @@ Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
+ Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+ Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
+ Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
+-Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
+ Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
+ Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
+-Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
++Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
++Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
++Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
+ 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
+@@ -1415,9 +1552,8 @@ Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
+ # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
+ # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
+
+-#
+-# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
+-#
++# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11
++# (2005-03-21):
+ # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
+ # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
+ # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
+@@ -1531,11 +1667,19 @@ Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
+ Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
+ Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
+
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-01):
++# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger, except that I
++# guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
++# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
++# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
++
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
+ 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
+- 9:00 - KST 1928
++ 9:00 - JCST 1928
+ 8:30 - KST 1932
++ 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
++ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
+ 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
+ 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
+ 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
+@@ -1542,8 +1686,10 @@ Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
+ 9:00 ROK K%sT
+ Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
+ 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
+- 9:00 - KST 1928
++ 9:00 - JCST 1928
+ 8:30 - KST 1932
++ 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
++ 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
+ 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
+ 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
+ 9:00 - KST
+@@ -1552,14 +1698,6 @@ Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
+
+ # Kuwait
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
+-# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
+-# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
+-# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
+-# .
+-# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
+-# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
+-# so for now we assume no DST.
+ Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
+ 3:00 - AST
+
+@@ -1640,15 +1778,14 @@ Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
+ # Mongolia
+
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
+-# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
+-# both say that it has just one.
++# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
++# (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
+
+ # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
+-#
+ # General Information Mongolia
+-# (1999-09)
++# (1999-09)
+ # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
+-# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
++# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
+ # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
+ # eight hours."
+
+@@ -1659,7 +1796,7 @@ Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
+ # of implementation may have been different....
+ # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
+ # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
+-# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
++# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
+ # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
+@@ -1673,10 +1810,10 @@ Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
+ # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
+ # there are three time zones.
+ #
+-# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
+-# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
+-# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
+-# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
++# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
++# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
++# Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
++# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
+ #
+ # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
+
+@@ -1693,7 +1830,7 @@ Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
+ # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
+ # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
+ # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
+-# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
++# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
+ # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
+ # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
+ # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
+@@ -1702,7 +1839,7 @@ Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
+ # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
+ # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
+ # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
+-# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
++# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
+ # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
+ # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
+ # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
+@@ -1718,12 +1855,8 @@ Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
+ # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
+ # database on this, e.g.:
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
+-#
+ #
+ # both say GMT+08:00.
+
+@@ -1730,17 +1863,15 @@ Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
+ # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
+ # schedule here:
+-#
+ # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
+-#
+ # (click the English flag for English)
+ #
+-# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
++# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
+ # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
+-# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
+-# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
++# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
++# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
+ # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
+-# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
++# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
+ # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
+@@ -1756,7 +1887,7 @@ Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+ # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
+ #
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
+-# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
++# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
+ # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
+ # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
+ # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
+@@ -1793,8 +1924,11 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
+
+ # Oman
++
++# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.
++
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
++Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920
+ 4:00 - GST
+
+ # Pakistan
+@@ -1807,7 +1941,7 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
+-# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
++# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
+ # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
+ # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
+ # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
+@@ -1835,22 +1969,17 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
+
+ # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
+-#
+-# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
++#
++# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
+ # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
+-#
+-# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
+-# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
+-# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
++#
++# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
++# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
++# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
+ # ...."
+-#
+-#
++#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
+-#
+-# OR
+-#
+ # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
+-#
+
+ # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
+ # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
+@@ -1857,16 +1986,11 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
+ # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
+-# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
++# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
+ # instead of August 31.
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
+-#
+-# OR
+-#
+ # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
+ # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
+@@ -1873,9 +1997,7 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
+ # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
+ # official working."
+-#
+ # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
+-#
+ #
+ # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
+ # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
+@@ -1883,15 +2005,8 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
+ # April 08, 2009
+ # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
+-#
+ # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
+-#
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
+-#
+ #
+ # ....
+ # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
+@@ -1903,10 +2018,8 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
+ # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
+ # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
+-# this regard."
+-#
++# this regard."
+ # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
+ # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
+@@ -1914,13 +2027,8 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ # 1, 2009.
+ #
+ # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
+-#
+ # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
+ # Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
+@@ -1929,9 +2037,7 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ # > 1, 2009.
+ #
+ # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
+-#
+ # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
+-#
+ # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
+ # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
+ # Monday."
+@@ -1943,11 +2049,9 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ #
+ # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
+ # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
+-#
+
+-# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
++# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
+ # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
+ # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
+
+@@ -1963,14 +2067,10 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
+ #
+ # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
+-#
+ # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
+-#
+ #
+ # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
+-#
+ # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
+-#
+
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
+@@ -2041,8 +2141,7 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
+ # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
+ # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
+-# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
+-# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
++# to Palestine's rules.
+
+ # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
+ # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
+@@ -2053,10 +2152,9 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
+-# Daoud Kuttab writes in
+-#
+-# Holiday havoc
+-# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
++# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
++#
++# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
+ # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
+ # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
+ # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
+@@ -2069,7 +2167,7 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
+ # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
+ # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
+-# earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
++# earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
+ # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
+@@ -2088,7 +2186,7 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
+ # because of the Ramadan.
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
+ # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
+ # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
+
+@@ -2105,16 +2203,9 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
+ # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
+-#
+-#
+ # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
+ # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
+@@ -2122,15 +2213,10 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
+ #
+ # (in Arabic)
+-#
+ # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
+-#
+ #
+-# or
+ # (English translation)
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
+ # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
+@@ -2137,9 +2223,7 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
+ #
+ # One news source:
+-#
+ # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
+-#
+ # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
+ # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
+ # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
+@@ -2148,9 +2232,7 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ #
+ # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
+ # end date, we will keep this page updated:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
+ # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
+@@ -2160,13 +2242,8 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ #
+ # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
+ # (from Palestinian National Authority):
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
+ # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
+@@ -2173,14 +2250,9 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
+ # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
+ #
+-#
+ # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
+-#
+ # (in Arabic)
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
+ # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
+@@ -2187,9 +2259,7 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
+ # noon though:
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
+-#
+ # (Ma'an News Agency)
+ # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
+ # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
+@@ -2196,15 +2266,11 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
+ # According to several sources, including
+-#
+ # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
+-#
+-# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
++# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
+ # Gaza and the West Bank.
+ # Some more background info:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
+-#
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
+ # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
+@@ -2212,13 +2278,9 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
+ # Ramadan.
+ #
+-#
+ # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
+-#
+ # Additional info:
+-#
+ # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
+-#
+
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
+ # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
+@@ -2228,25 +2290,53 @@ Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
+ # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
+ # ...
+-#
+ # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
+-#
+-# or
+-#
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
+-#
+-# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
++# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
+
+ # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
+-# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
++# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
+ # 00:00).
+ # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
+ #
+ # Many sources, including:
+-#
+ # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
+-#
+
++# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
++# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
++# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
++# Some of many sources in Arabic:
++# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
++#
++# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
++#
++# Our brief summary:
++# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
++
++# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
++# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
++# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
++# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
++# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
++# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
++
++# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
++# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
++# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
++# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
++# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
++# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
++# official source...:
++# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-24):
++# For future dates, guess the last Thursday in March at 24:00 through
++# the first Friday on or after September 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with
++# the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs,
++# which are for Gaza and Hebron respectively:
++# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=702
++# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=2364
++
+ # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+ Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+@@ -2259,18 +2349,22 @@ Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
+ Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
+-Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
++Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+ Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
+-Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 0:00 0 -
+-Rule Palestine 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
+-Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 -
+-Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar lastSat 0:01 1:00 S
++Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
++Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
++Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
++Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
+ Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
++Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
++Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
++Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
++Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
++Rule Palestine 2012 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
++Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
++Rule Palestine 2013 max - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
+
+-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-09-20):
+-# 2011 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2011-09-20.
+-
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+ Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
+ 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
+@@ -2277,9 +2371,13 @@ Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
+ 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
+ 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
+ 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
+- 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 2 12:01
+- 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1
+- 2:00 - EET
++ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
++ 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
++ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
++ 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
++ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
++ 2:00 - EET 2012
++ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
+
+ Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
+ 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
+@@ -2286,22 +2384,17 @@ Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
+ 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
+ 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
+ 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
+- 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug
+- 2:00 1:00 EEST 2008 Sep
+- 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 1 12:01
+- 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1
+- 2:00 - EET 2011 Aug 30
+- 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Sep 30 3:00
+- 2:00 - EET
++ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
+
+ # Paracel Is
+ # no information
+
+ # Philippines
+-# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
++# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
+ # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
+-# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
+-# transcript of the decree in .
++# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
++# History of the International Date Line
++# .
+ # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
+
+ # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
+@@ -2311,7 +2404,7 @@ Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
+ # .
+ # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
+ #
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
+ # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
+ # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
+ # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
+@@ -2338,8 +2431,29 @@ Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / D
+ 3:00 - AST
+
+ # Saudi Arabia
++#
++# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
++# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
++# standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
++# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
++# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
++# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
++# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
++# o'clock for "Arab" time).
++#
++# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
++# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
++# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
++# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
++# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
++# earlier date.
++#
++# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
++# time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of
++# the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
++#
+ # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+-Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
++Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
+ 3:00 - AST
+
+ # Singapore
+@@ -2361,22 +2475,27 @@ Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
+ # no information
+
+ # Sri Lanka
++
++# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
++# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
++# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
++# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
++# Shanks and Pottenger.
++
+ # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
+ # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
+-# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
++# (, 1996-05-24,
+ # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
+-# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
+-# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
++# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
++# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
+ #
+ # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
+-# by Shamindra in
+-#
+-# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
+-# :
++# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
++# (1996-10-26):
+ # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
+ # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
+
+-# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
++# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
+ #
