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Index: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/africa
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--- vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/africa (nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/africa (revision 306848)
@@ -0,0 +1,1188 @@
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+#
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
+# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
+#
+# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
+#
+# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
+# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
+# I found in the UCLA library.
+#
+# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
+#
+# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
+#
+# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
+# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
+# but Mark R V Murray reports that
+# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
+# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
+# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
+# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
+# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
+#
+# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
+# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
+# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
+# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
+# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
+#
+# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
+# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
+# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
+# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
+# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
+# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
+# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
+# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
+# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
+# until we get more information.
+#
+# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
+# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
+# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
+# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
+# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
+# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
+# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
+
+# Algeria
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
+Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
+# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
+# more precise 0:09:21.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+ 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
+ 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
+ 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
+ 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
+ 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
+ 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
+ 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
+ 1:00 - CET
+
+# Angola
+# Benin
+# See Africa/Lagos.
+
+# Botswana
+# See Africa/Maputo.
+
+# Burkina Faso
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+# Burundi
+# See Africa/Maputo.
+
+# Cameroon
+# See Africa/Lagos.
+
+# Cape Verde
+#
+# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
+# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# merely made it official?
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
+ -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
+ -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
+ -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
+ -1:00 - CVT
+
+# Central African Republic
+# See Africa/Lagos.
+
+# Chad
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
+ 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
+ 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
+ 1:00 - WAT
+
+# Comoros
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
+
+# Democratic Republic of the Congo
+# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
+
+# Republic of the Congo
+# See Africa/Lagos.
+
+# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
+ 0:00 - GMT
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe
+Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
+
+# Djibouti
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Egypt
+
+# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
+# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
+# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
+# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
+# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
+# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
+# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
+# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
+# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
+#
+# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
+# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
+# or
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
+Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
+# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
+# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
+# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
+# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
+Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
+# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
+# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
+# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
+# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
+Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
+# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
+# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
+# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
+# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
+# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
+# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
+# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
+# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
+
+# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
+# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
+#
+# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
+# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
+# Apr 23
+# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
+# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
+# Apr 24
+# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
+# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
+# Aug 27
+# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
+# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
+# Aug 27
+# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
+#
+# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
+# :59)
+# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
+#
+# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
+#
+# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
+# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
+# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
+# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
+# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
+# in September.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
+# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
+# Information and Decision Support Center:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
+#
+# The Middle East News Agency
+# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
+# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
+# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
+# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
+# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
+# (at least today).
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
+# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
+# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
+# Ramadan.
+#
+# Arabic translation:
+# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
+# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
+
+# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
+# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
+# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
+
+# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
+# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
+
+# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
+# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
+# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
+# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
+# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
+# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
+# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
+# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
+# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
+# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
+# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
+# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
+# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
+# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
+# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
+# no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
+# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
+# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
+# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
+# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
+# dates not yet announced....
+# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
+
+# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
+# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
+# least for 2015.
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
+# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
+# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
+# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
+# practice altogether in future years."
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
+# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
+# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
+# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
+# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
+# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
+# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
+# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
+
+Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 -
+Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
+ 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
+
+# Equatorial Guinea
+# See Africa/Lagos.
+
+# Eritrea
+# Ethiopia
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
+
+# Gabon
+# See Africa/Lagos.
+
+# Gambia
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+# Ghana
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
+# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
+# and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
+# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
+# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
+# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
+Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
+Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
+ 0:00 Ghana %s
+
+# Guinea
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+# Guinea-Bissau
+#
+# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
+# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
+ -1:00 - WAT 1975
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Kenya
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
+ 3:00 - EAT 1930
+ 2:30 - BEAT 1940
+ 2:45 - BEAUT 1960
+ 3:00 - EAT
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
+Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
+Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
+Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
+
+# Lesotho
+# See Africa/Johannesburg.
+
+# Liberia
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
+# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
+# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
+# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
+# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
+# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
+ -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
+ -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Libya
+
+# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
+# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
+# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
+# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
+#
+# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
+# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
+# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
+# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
+# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
+# lastFri instead of lastSun).
+
+# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
+# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
+# cancelled yesterday....
+# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
+# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
+Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
+ 2:00 - EET 1982
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
+# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
+# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
+ 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
+ 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
+ 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
+ 2:00 - EET
+
+# Madagascar
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
+
+# Malawi
+# See Africa/Maputo.
+
+# Mali
+# Mauritania
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+# Mauritius
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
+# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
+# basis....
+# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
+# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
+
+# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
+# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
+# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
+# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
+# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
+# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
+# According to
+# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
+# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
+# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
+# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
+# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
+#
+# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
+# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
+# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
+# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
+# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
+# changes two days later.
+
+# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
+# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
+# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
+# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
+#
+# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
+# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
+# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
+
+# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
+# The Government of Mauritius weblink
+# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
+# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
+#
+# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
+# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
+# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
+# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
+# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
+# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
+# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
+# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
+# and end on 29 March 2009.
+
+# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
+# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
+# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
+# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
+# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
+# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
+# DST the coming summer...
+#
+# Some sources, in French:
+# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
+# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
+#
+# Our wrap-up:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
+# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
+# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
+# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
+Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
+ 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
+# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
+# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
+
+# Mayotte
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
+
+# Morocco
+# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
+
+# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
+# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
+# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
+#
+# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
+# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
+# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
+#
+# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
+# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
+
+# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
+# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
+# Presse:
+# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
+#
+# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
+# spokesman.
+
+# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
+# According to this article:
+# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
+# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
+# the changes occur at midnight:
+#
+# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
+# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
+# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
+#
+# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
+# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
+# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
+# June 1st to Sept 27th.
+#
+# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
+# published on the web.
+#
+# It's also confirmed here:
+# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
+# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
+# posted in English).
+#
+# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
+# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
+# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
+# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
+# of September:
+#
+# One article about it (in French):
+# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
+#
+# We have some further details posted here:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
+# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
+# to many sources, such as
+# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
+# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
+# (French)
+#
+# Our summary:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
+# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
+# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
+#
+# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
+# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
+# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
+# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
+#
+# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
+# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
+# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
+# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
+#
+# Example:
+# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
+# (French)
+# Our page:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
+
+# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
+# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
+# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
+# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
+# ...Official links of change in morocco
+# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
+# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
+# +212.537.71.84.00
+# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
+# They said that
+# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
+# is the official publication to look at.
+# They said that the decision was already taken.
+#
+# More articles in the press
+# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
+# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
+# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
+
+# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
+# They have it written in English here:
+# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
+#
+# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
+# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
+# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
+# also been like that in the past.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
+# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
+# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
+# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
+# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
+# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
+# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
+# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
+# except the month of Ramadan.
+# or (brief)
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
+# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
+# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
+# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
+# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
+# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
+
+# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
+# Seen Morocco change again:
+# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
+# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
+# comme annoncé précédemment."
+
+# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
+# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
+# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
+#
+# Google translation, lightly edited:
+# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
+# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
+# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
+# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
+# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
+# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
+# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
+# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
+# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
+# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
+# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
+# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
+# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
+# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
+
+# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
+# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
+# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
+# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
+# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
+# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
+# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
+# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
+# source (French):
+# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
+# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
+# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
+
+# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
+# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
+
+# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
+# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
+# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST
+# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
+# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
+
+# From Milamber (2015-06-08):
+# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
+# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
+# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
+# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
+# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
+# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
+# Source (french):
+# http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
+#
+# From Milamber (2015-06-09):
+# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
+#
+# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
+# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
+# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
+# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
+# <http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
+# with the patch.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08):
+# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules,
+# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
+# Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after
+# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were
+# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
+# results integrated by hand into the table below.
+# (let ((islamic-year 1437))
+# (require 'cal-islam)
+# (while (< islamic-year 1460)
+# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
+# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
+# (sunday 0))
+# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
+# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
+# (setq b (1+ b)))
+# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
+# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
+# (insert
+# (format
+# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
+# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
+# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
+# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
+# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
+
+# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+
+Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 -
+Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 -
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
+ 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
+ 1:00 - CET 1986
+ 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
+
+# Western Sahara
+#
+# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
+# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
+# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
+# Morocco does.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
+# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
+# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
+
+Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún
+ -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
+ 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
+
+# Mozambique
+#
+# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
+# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# merely made it official?
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 - CAT
+Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
+Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
+Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
+Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
+Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
+Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
+Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
+
+# Namibia
+# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
+
+# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
+# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
+# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
+# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
+# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
+# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
+# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
+# of the country.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
+# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
+# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
+
+# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
+ 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
+ 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
+ 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
+ 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
+ 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
+ 1:00 Namibia WA%sT
+
+# Niger
+# See Africa/Lagos.
+
+# Nigeria
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
+ 1:00 - WAT
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
+Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
+
+# Réunion
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
+ 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time
+#
+# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
+#
+# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
+# The following information about them is taken from
+# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
+# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
+# We have no info about their time zone histories.
+#
+# Bassas da India - uninhabited
+# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
+# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
+# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
+# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
+
+# Rwanda
+# See Africa/Maputo.
+
+# St Helena
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
+# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
+# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
+# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
+# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
+# on GMT, says the CIA
+# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
+
+# São Tomé and Príncipe
+# Senegal
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+# Seychelles
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
+ 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
+# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
+# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
+# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
+# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
+# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
+
+# Sierra Leone
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+# Somalia
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
+
+# South Africa
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
+ 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
+ 2:00 SA SAST
+Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
+Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland
+#
+# Marion and Prince Edward Is
+# scientific station since 1947
+# no information
+
+# Sudan
+#
+# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
+# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
+# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
+# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
+# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
+# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
+ 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
+ 3:00 - EAT
+
+# South Sudan
+Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
+
+# Swaziland
+# See Africa/Johannesburg.
+
+# Tanzania
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
+
+# Togo
+# See Africa/Abidjan.
+
+# Tunisia
+
+# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
+# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
+# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
+# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
+# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
+# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
+# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
+# Saturday." (My translation)
+#
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
+# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
+# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
+# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
+# 1h standard time.
+#
+# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
+# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
+# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
+# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
+# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
+# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
+# (Arabic)
+# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
+# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
+#
+# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
+# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
+# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
+#
+# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
+#
+# (in English)
+# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
+#
+# (in Arabic)
+# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
+# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
+# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
+# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
+# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
+# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
+# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
+#
+# (translation):
+# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
+# Sunday...
+# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
+# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
+#
+# (in Arabic)
+# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
+# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+
+# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
+# more precise 0:09:21.
+# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+ 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
+
+# Uganda
+# See Africa/Nairobi.
+
+# Zambia
+# Zimbabwe
+# See Africa/Maputo.
Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/africa
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Index: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/antarctica
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/antarctica (nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/antarctica (revision 306848)
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
+# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
+# COMNAP - Stations and Bases
+# http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/
+# and
+# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
+# http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm
+# for information.
+# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
+
+# FORMAT is '-00' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
+
+# Argentina - year-round bases
+# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
+# Carlini, Potter Cove, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
+# Esperanza, Hope Bay, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
+# Marambio, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
+# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
+# San Martín, Barry I, -6808-06706, since 1951-03-21
+# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
+
+# Australia - territories
+# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
+# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
+# Margaret Turner reports
+# http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html
+# (1999-09-30) that they're UT +05, with no DST;
+# presumably this is when they have visitors.
+#
+# year-round bases
+# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
+# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
+# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
+# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):
+# Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:
+# Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11
+# Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5
+# Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5
+# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
+#
+# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
+# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
+#
+# We have more background information here:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
+# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ...
+#
+# - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.
+# The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but
+# has not been decided yet.
+#
+# - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010
+# 20:00 UTC.
+#
+# - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
+#
+# Background:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - -00 1969
+ 8:00 - +08 2009 Oct 18 2:00
+ 11:00 - +11 2010 Mar 5 2:00
+ 8:00 - +08 2011 Oct 28 2:00
+ 11:00 - +11 2012 Feb 21 17:00u
+ 8:00 - +08
+Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - -00 1957 Jan 13
+ 7:00 - +07 1964 Nov
+ 0 - -00 1969 Feb
+ 7:00 - +07 2009 Oct 18 2:00
+ 5:00 - +05 2010 Mar 10 20:00u
+ 7:00 - +07 2011 Oct 28 2:00
+ 5:00 - +05 2012 Feb 21 20:00u
+ 7:00 - +07
+Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - -00 1954 Feb 13
+ 6:00 - +06 2009 Oct 18 2:00
+ 5:00 - +05
+# References:
+# Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
+# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html
+# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
+# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html
+# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
+# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html
+
+# Belgium - year-round base
+# Princess Elisabeth, Queen Maud Land, -713412+0231200, since 2007
+
+# Brazil - year-round base
+# Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
+
+# Bulgaria - year-round base
+# St. Kliment Ohridski, Livingston Island, -623829-0602153, since 1988
+
+# Chile - year-round bases and towns
+# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
+# Frei Montalva, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
+# O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
+# Prat, -6230-05941
+# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
+# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
+
+# China - year-round bases
+# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
+# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
+
+# France - year-round bases (also see "France & Italy")
+#
+# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
+# Time data entries are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
+# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
+# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adélie bases
+# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adélie supplies came
+# from Tasmania.
+#
+# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
+#
+# Alfred Faure, Possession Island, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964;
+# sealing & whaling stations operated variously 1802/1911+;
+# see Indian/Reunion.
+#
+# Martin-de-Viviès, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
+# Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
+# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
+#
+# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
+# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français
+ 5:00 - +05
+#
+# year-round base in the main continent
+# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
+# <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05)
+#
+# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
+# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947
+ 10:00 - +10 1952 Jan 14
+ 0 - -00 1956 Nov
+ 10:00 - +10
+
+# France & Italy - year-round base
+# Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005
+
+# Germany - year-round base
+# Neumayer III, -704080-0081602, since 2009
+
+# India - year-round bases
+# Bharati, -692428+0761114, since 2012
+# Maitri, -704558+0114356, since 1989
+
+# Italy - year-round base (also see "France & Italy")
+# Zuchelli, Terra Nova Bay, -744140+1640647, since 1986
+
+# Japan - year-round bases
+# Syowa (also known as Showa), -690022+0393524, since 1957
+#
+# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
+# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
+#
+# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
+# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
+# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29
+ 3:00 - +03
+# See:
+# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
+# http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html
+
+# S Korea - year-round base
+# Jang Bogo, Terra Nova Bay, -743700+1641205 since 2014
+# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
+
+# New Zealand - claims
+# Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
+# Scott Island (never inhabited)
+#
+# year-round base
+# Scott Base, Ross Island, since 1957-01.
+# See Pacific/Auckland.
+
+# Norway - territories
+# Bouvet (never inhabited)
+#
+# claims
+# Peter I Island (never inhabited)
+#
+# year-round base
+# Troll, Queen Maud Land, -720041+0023206, since 2005-02-12
+#
+# From Paul-Inge Flakstad (2014-03-10):
+# I recently had a long dialog about this with the developer of timegenie.com.
+# In the absence of specific dates, he decided to choose some likely ones:
+# GMT +1 - From March 1 to the last Sunday in March
+# GMT +2 - From the last Sunday in March until the last Sunday in October
+# GMT +1 - From the last Sunday in October until November 7
+# GMT +0 - From November 7 until March 1
+# The dates for switching to and from UTC+0 will probably not be absolutely
+# correct, but they should be quite close to the actual dates.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-21):
+# The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tz 2014b or later, so as
+# suggested by Bengt-Inge Larsson comment them out for now, and approximate
+# with only UTC and CEST. Uncomment them when 2014b is more prevalent.
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+#Rule Troll 2005 max - Mar 1 1:00u 1:00 +01
+Rule Troll 2005 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 2:00 +02
+#Rule Troll 2005 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 1:00 +01
+#Rule Troll 2004 max - Nov 7 1:00u 0:00 +00
+# Remove the following line when uncommenting the above '#Rule' lines.
+Rule Troll 2004 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0:00 +00
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/Troll 0 - -00 2005 Feb 12
+ 0:00 Troll %s
+
+# Poland - year-round base
+# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
+
+# Romania - year-bound base
+# Law-Racoviță, Larsemann Hills, -692319+0762251, since 1986
+
+# Russia - year-round bases
+# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
+# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
+# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
+# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
+# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
+# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
+
+# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
+# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
+# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
+# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
+# time as Moscow, Russia.
+#
+# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
+# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
+# what they had to say about time there:
+# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
+# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
+# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
+# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
+# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
+# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
+# in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
+# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
+# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
+# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
+# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
+# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess +06.
+#
+Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - -00 1957 Dec 16
+ 6:00 - +06
+
+# S Africa - year-round bases
+# Marion Island, -4653+03752
+# SANAE IV, Vesleskarvet, Queen Maud Land, -714022-0025026, since 1997
+
+# Ukraine - year-round base
+# Vernadsky (formerly Faraday), Galindez Island, -651445-0641526, since 1954
+
+# United Kingdom
+#
+# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
+# South Orkney Islands
+# scientific station from 1903
+# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
+# South Shetland Islands
+#
+# year-round bases
+# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
+# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
+# scientific station 1943/1967,
+# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
+# and a garrison was deployed briefly
+# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
+# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
+# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
+# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
+# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - -00 1976 Dec 1
+ -3:00 - -03
+
+# Uruguay - year round base
+# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
+
+# USA - year-round bases
+#
+# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
+# See 'southamerica' for Antarctica/Palmer, since it uses South American DST.
+#
+# McMurdo Station, Ross Island, since 1955-12
+# Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
+#
+# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
+# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
+# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
+# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
+# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
+# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
+# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 Degrees South.)
+#
+# From Susan Smith
+# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
+# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
+# We use the same time as McMurdo does.
+# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
+# One last quirk about South Pole time.
+# All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
+# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
+# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days,
+# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
+# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
+#
+# See 'australasia' for Antarctica/McMurdo.
Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/antarctica
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Index: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/asia
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/asia (nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/asia (revision 306848)
@@ -0,0 +1,3058 @@
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
+#
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
+# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
+#
+# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
+#
+# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
+# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
+# I found in the UCLA library.
+#
+# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
+#
+# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
+# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
+# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
+#
+# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
+#
+# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
+# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
+# Corrections are welcome!
+# std dst
+# LMT Local Mean Time
+# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
+# 2:00 IST IDT Israel
+# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
+# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran*
+# 4:00 GST Gulf*
+# 5:30 IST India
+# 7:00 ICT Indochina, most times and locations*
+# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
+# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
+# 8:00 CST China
+# 8:00 IDT Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)*
+# 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
+# 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830*
+# 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
+# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
+# 9:00 JST JDT Japan
+# 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
+# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
+#
+# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
+
+# From Guy Harris:
+# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
+# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
+# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
+# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
+Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
+Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
+Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2011 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2011 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+
+# Afghanistan
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
+ 4:00 - AFT 1945
+ 4:30 - AFT
+
+# Armenia
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
+# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
+# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
+# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
+# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
+# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
+# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
+# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
+# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
+# follow Russia's "old" rules.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
+# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
+# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
+#
+# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
+# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
+# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
+# or
+# (brief)
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
+ 4:00 - +04 1997
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05
+
+# Azerbaijan
+
+# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
+# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
+# http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
+# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
+# daylight saving time....
+# http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
+# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
+# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
+Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
+ 4:00 - +04 1996
+ 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997
+ 4:00 Azer +04/+05
+
+# Bahrain
+# See Asia/Qatar.
+
+# Bangladesh
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
+# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
+# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
+#
+# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
+# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
+#
+# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
+# June
+# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
+# crippling power crisis. "
+#
+# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
+# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
+# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
+# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
+#
+# Some sources:
+# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
+# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
+#
+# Our wrap-up:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
+
+# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
+# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
+# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
+# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
+#
+# No DST end date has been announced yet.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
+# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
+# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
+#
+# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
+# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
+# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
+# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
+# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
+# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
+# "continue for an indefinite period."
+#
+# One of many places where it is published:
+# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
+# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
+# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
+#
+# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
+# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
+#
+# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
+# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
+# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
+# Minister's Office last night..."
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
+# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
+# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
+# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
+ 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
+ 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
+ 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
+ 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
+ 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
+ 6:00 - BDT 2009
+ 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT
+
+# Bhutan
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
+ 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
+ 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
+
+# British Indian Ocean Territory
+# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
+# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
+# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
+# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
+# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
+ 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
+ 6:00 - IOT
+
+# Brunei
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
+ 7:30 - BNT 1933
+ 8:00 - BNT
+
+# Burma / Myanmar
+
+# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
+ 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
+ 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
+ 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
+
+# Cambodia
+# See Asia/Bangkok.
+
+
+# China
+
+# From Guy Harris:
+# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
+
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
+# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
+# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
+# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
+# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
+# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
+#
+# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
+# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
+# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
+#
+# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
+# 1987 mid-April - ??
+
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
+# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
+# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
+# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
+# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
+# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+# Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
+# this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer
+# DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
+# go with them for DST rules as follows:
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
+Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
+
+# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
+# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
+# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
+# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
+#
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
+# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
+# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
+# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
+# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
+# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
+# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
+# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
+# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
+# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
+#
+# (1)
+# Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
+# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
+# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
+# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
+# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
+# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
+# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
+# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
+# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
+# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
+# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
+# could well have ignored any such mandate.
+#
+# (2)
+# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
+# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
+# [undated and unknown publication location]
+# It says several things:
+# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
+# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
+# the official calendar book of 1914.
+# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
+# French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
+# Observatory and set to local mean time.
+# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
+# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
+# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
+# became used by railways as well.
+# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
+# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
+# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
+# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
+# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
+# Japanese-occupied territory.
+# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
+# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
+# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
+# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
+# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
+#
+# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
+# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
+# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
+# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
+# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
+#
+# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
+# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
+# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
+# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
+# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
+# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
+#
+# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
+# Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
+# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
+#
+# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
+# Asia/Shanghai
+# most of China
+# This currently represents most other zones as well,
+# as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
+# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
+# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
+#
+# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of the area) UT +07
+# Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
+# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
+# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
+# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
+# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
+#
+# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
+# Asia/Urumqi
+# This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
+# as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
+# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
+# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
+# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
+# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
+# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
+# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
+# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
+# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
+#
+# Kunlun Time UT +05:30
+# Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
+# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
+# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
+# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
+# and Yarkand.
+
+# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
+# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
+# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
+# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
+# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
+# they implicitly use Beijing time.
+#
+# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
+# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
+# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
+# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
+# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
+# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
+# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
+# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
+#
+# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
+# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
+# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
+#
+# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
+# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
+# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
+# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
+# others moving their clocks ahead.)
+
+# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
+# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
+# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
+#
+# 1. Wulumuqi...
+# 2. Kashi...
+# 3. Urumqi...
+# 4. Kashgar...
+# ...
+# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
+# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
+# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
+#
+# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
+# start date for Xinjiang time.
+#
+# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
+# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
+# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
+# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
+
+# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
+# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
+# http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
+
+# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
+# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
+# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
+# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
+# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
+# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
+# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
+# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
+# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
+# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
+# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
+# having the same time as Beijing.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
+# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
+# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
+# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
+# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
+#
+# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
+# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
+# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
+# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
+# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
+# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
+# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
+# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
+# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
+# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
+# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
+# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
+# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
+# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
+# +08 mandate back then.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
+Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
+ 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
+# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
+# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
+Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
+ 6:00 - XJT
+
+
+# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
+
+# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
+
+# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
+# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
+# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
+# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
+# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
+# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
+# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
+# obtained from
+# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
+# Here are the dates given at
+# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
+# as of 2009-10-28:
+# Year Period
+# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
+# 1942 Whole year
+# 1943 Whole year
+# 1944 Whole year
+# 1945 Whole year
+# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
+# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
+# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
+# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
+# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
+# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
+# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
+# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
+# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
+# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
+# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
+# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
+# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
+# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
+# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
+# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
+# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
+# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
+# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
+# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
+# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
+# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
+# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
+# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
+# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
+# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
+# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
+# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
+# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
+# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
+# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
+# 1977 Nil
+# 1978 Nil
+# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
+# 1980 to Now Nil
+# The page does not give start or end times of day.
+# The page does not give a start date for 1942.
+# The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
+# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
+# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
+# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
+Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
+Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
+Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
+Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
+Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
+Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
+Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
+Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
+Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
+ 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
+ 8:00 HK HK%sT
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Taiwan
+
+# From smallufo (2010-04-03):
+# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
+# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
+# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
+
+# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
+# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
+# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
+# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
+# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
+# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
+# found on Wikisource:
+# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
+# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
+# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
+# declared officially.
+#
+# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
+# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
+# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
+# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
+# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
+# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
+# (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
+# be found on Wikisource:
+# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
+#
+# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
+
+# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
+# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
+# back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
+# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
+# zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another
+# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
+# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
+# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
+# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
+# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
+# that:
+#
+# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
+# the time at 135E (GMT+9)
+#
+# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
+# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
+# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
+# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
+#
+# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
+# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
+# Time.
+#
+# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
+# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
+# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
+# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
+# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
+# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
+
+# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
+# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
+# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General
+# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
+# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
+# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
+# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more
+# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
+# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
+# would be a good one.
+# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
+# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
+
+# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
+# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
+# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
+#
+# Original Bulletin:
+# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
+# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
+#
+# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
+# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
+#
+# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
+#
+# Here is a brief translation:
+#
+# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
+# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
+# adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
+#
+# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
+# be found from historical government announcement database.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
+# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
+# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
+Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
+ 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
+ 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
+
+# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
+Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
+Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
+Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
+Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
+ 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
+ 8:00 PRC C%sT
+
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Cyprus
+#
+# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
+Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
+Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
+Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
+Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
+ 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
+ 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
+# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
+
+# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
+# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
+Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
+
+# Georgia
+# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
+# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
+# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
+# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
+# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
+#
+# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
+# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
+# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
+# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
+#
+# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
+#
+# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
+# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
+# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
+# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
+# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
+# of integration into Europe.
+
+# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
+# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
+# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
+# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
+# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
+# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
+# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
+# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
+# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
+
+# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
+# Go with Byalokoz.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
+ 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
+ 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992
+ 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun
+ 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun
+ 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun
+ 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27
+ 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
+ 4:00 - +04
+
+# East Timor
+
+# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
+
+# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
+# East Timor may be late for its millennium
+# <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
+# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
+# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
+# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
+# conflicts with their way of life.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
+# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
+# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
+
+# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
+# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
+# (2000-08-16):
+# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
+# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
+# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
+# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
+ 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
+ 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
+ 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 0:00
+ 9:00 - TLT
+
+# India
+
+# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
+# http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
+# (2015-12-22):
+# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
+# outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of
+# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this
+# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
+ 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
+ 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
+ 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
+ 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
+ 5:30 - IST
+# The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
+# Andaman Is
+# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
+# Nicobar Is
+
+# Indonesia
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
+# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
+# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
+#
+# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
+# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
+# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
+# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
+# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
+# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
+# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
+# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
+# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
+# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
+# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
+# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
+# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
+# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
+# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
+# switched on 1945-09-23.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
+# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
+# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
+# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
+# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
+# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
+# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
+# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
+#
+# WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
+# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
+# WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Java, Sumatra
+Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
+# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
+# but this must be a typo.
+ 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
+ 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
+ 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
+ 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
+ 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
+ 7:30 - WIB 1964
+ 7:00 - WIB
+# west and central Borneo
+Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
+ 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
+ 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
+ 7:30 - WIB 1948 May
+ 8:00 - WIB 1950 May
+ 7:30 - WIB 1964
+ 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
+ 7:00 - WIB
+# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
+Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
+ 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
+ 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
+ 8:00 - WITA
+# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
+Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
+ 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1
+ 9:30 - ACST 1964
+ 9:00 - WIT
+
+# Iran
+
+# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
+# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
+# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
+#
+# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
+# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
+#
+# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
+#
+# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
+# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
+# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
+# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
+# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
+# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
+#
+# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
+# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
+# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
+# Shahrivar.
+#
+# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
+#
+# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
+# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
+# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
+# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
+# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
+# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
+#
+# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
+# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
+# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
+# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
+# plan to change that law....
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
+# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
+# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
+# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
+# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
+#
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
+# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
+# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
+# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
+# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
+# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
+# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
+# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
+# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
+# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
+# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
+# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
+# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
+# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
+# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
+#
+# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
+# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
+# daylight saving time ...
+# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
+#
+# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
+# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
+# Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
+# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
+# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
+# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
+# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
+# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
+#
+# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
+# These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
+# restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
+# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
+# possibly Iran will change the rules first.
+Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
+ 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
+ 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
+ 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
+ 3:30 Iran IR%sT
+
+
+# Iraq
+#
+# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
+# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
+# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
+# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
+# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
+#
+# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
+# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
+# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
+# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
+# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
+#
+# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
+# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
+# news sources (in Arabic):
+# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
+# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
+#
+# We have published a short article in English about the change:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
+Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
+# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
+# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
+#
+Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
+ 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
+ 3:00 - AST 1982 May
+ 3:00 Iraq A%sT
+
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Israel
+
+# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
+#
+# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
+# different abbreviations in use:
+#
+# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
+# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
+# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
+#
+# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
+# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
+# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
+# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
+# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
+# settings in Israeli computers.
+#
+# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
+# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
+# family is from India).
+
+# From Shanks & Pottenger:
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
+Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
+
+# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
+# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
+# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
+# ends and changes to Sunday.
+Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
+
+# From Ephraim Silverberg
+# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
+# and 2005-02-17):
+
+# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
+# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
+# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
+# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
+# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
+# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
+# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
+# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
+# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
+# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
+# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
+# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
+# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
+# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
+# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
+# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
+# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
+# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
+# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
+# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
+# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
+# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
+
+# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
+# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
+# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
+
+# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
+# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
+# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
+#
+# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
+#
+# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
+#
+# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
+#
+# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
+#
+# where YYYY is the relevant year.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
+
+# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
+# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
+# years 2001-2004 as well.
+#
+# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
+#
+# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
+#
+# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
+# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
+#
+# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
+
+# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
+# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
+# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
+# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
+# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
+#
+# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
+#
+# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
+# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
+# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
+# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
+# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
+# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
+# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
+#
+# Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
+#
+# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
+# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
+# springtime transitions explicitly.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
+
+# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
+# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the
+# Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading
+# in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third
+# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
+#
+# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
+# in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
+ 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
+ 2:00 Zion I%sT
+
+
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Japan
+
+# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
+# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
+# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
+# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
+
+# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
+# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
+# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
+# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
+# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
+# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
+# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
+# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
+# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
+# wanted to keep it.)
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
+Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
+# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
+# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
+# would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
+
+# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
+# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
+# Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s),
+# 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
+# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
+# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
+# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
+# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
+
+# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
+# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
+# which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
+# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
+# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
+# time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard
+# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
+# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
+# standard....
+#
+# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
+# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
+
+# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
+# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
+# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
+# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
+#
+# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
+# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
+# Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
+# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
+ 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1
+ 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
+ 9:00 Japan J%sT
+# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
+
+# Jordan
+#
+# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
+# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
+# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
+# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
+# all year round.
+#
+# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
+# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
+# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
+# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
+# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
+# government's departments from six to seven hours.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
+# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
+# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
+# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
+# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
+# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
+#
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
+# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
+# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
+#
+# Google's translation:
+#
+# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
+# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
+# > of the month of March of each year.
+#
+# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
+# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
+# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
+# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
+# until about the same time next year (at least).
+# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
+# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
+# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
+# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
+# Official, in Arabic:
+# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
+# ... Our background/permalink about it
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
+# ...
+# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
+# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
+# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
+# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
+Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
+ 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
+
+
+# Kazakhstan
+
+# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
+# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
+# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
+# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
+# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
+#
+# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
+# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
+# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
+# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
+# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
+# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
+# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
+# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
+# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
+
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27) ([*] means see later comments below):
+# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
+# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
+#
+# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
+# from 1991-02-04 No. 20
+# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
+# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
+# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
+# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
+# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
+#
+# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
+# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
+# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
+# text.
+#
+# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
+# (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
+# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
+# transition to "summer" time:
+# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
+# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
+# were to move clocks 1 hour forward.
+# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik
+# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts
+# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
+# Other territories were to not move clocks.
+# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
+# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
+# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
+#
+# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
+# was one of such changes.
+#
+# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время
+# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
+# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
+# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
+# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
+# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
+# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
+# move clocks.)
+#
+# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
+# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
+# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Kzyl-Orda oblast moved into the fifth
+# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
+#
+# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 1992-01-13 No. 28
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
+# (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
+# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
+# 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated
+# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
+# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
+# 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
+# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
+# border between them to be located east of Kustanay and Aktyubinsk
+# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Kzyl-Orda oblasts into the fifth
+# time belt).
+#
+# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
+# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyrau and Kustanay oblasts; from
+# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk) [*]....
+#
+# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 1992-03-27 No. 284
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
+# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Kzyl-Orda oblasts
+# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
+# and the fifth time belts respectively.
+#
+# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 1994-09-23 No. 384
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
+# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangystau
+# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
+# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
+# result)....
+#
+# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 1996-05-08 No. 575
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
+# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
+# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
+#
+# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 1999-03-26 No. 305
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
+# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyrau oblast since the
+# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
+# time belt.
+#
+# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.
+#
+# There is no zone for Atyrau currently (listed under Asia/Aqtau in
+# zone1970.tab).[*]
+#
+# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
+# replaces the previous five documents.
+#
+# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
+# fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling
+# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
+# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Kostanay oblast
+# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Kyzylorda oblast
+# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
+# fourth time belt (no change in practice).[*]
+#
+# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
+# modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently.
+#
+# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 2004-07-20 No. 775
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
+# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Kostanay and Kyzylorda oblasts into
+# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
+# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
+# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented
+# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
+# amended before implementation happened.
+#
+# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
+# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
+# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
+# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyrau, West Kazakhstan,
+# Kostanay, Kyzylorda and Mangystau oblasts by not moving clocks
+# during the 2014 transition to "winter" time.
+#
+# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyrau oblast (no
+# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
+# +06/+07 for Kostanay oblast (Kostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
+# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....[*]
+#
+# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 2005-03-15 No. 231
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
+# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
+# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
+# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
+# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
+# time.
+#
+# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
+# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
+# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
+# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15):
+# The tables below should reflect Stepan Golosunov's remarks above,
+# except for the items marked "[*]" which I haven't gotten to yet.
+# It looks like we will need new zones Asia/Atyrau and Asia/Qostanay
+# to handle changes from 1992 through 2004 that we did not previously
+# know about.
+
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+#
+# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
+# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
+# KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
+Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
+ 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
+ 6:00 - +06
+# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
+Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
+ 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
+ 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
+ 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
+ 6:00 - +06
+# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
+Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
+ 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
+ 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
+ 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 - +05
+# Qostanay (KZ-KUS)
+
+# Mangghystau (KZ-MAN)
+# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
+# so include time stamps before 1963.
+Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
+ 5:00 - +05 1963
+ 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
+ 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 - +05
+
+# West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
+Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
+ 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
+ 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
+ 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
+ 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 - +05
+
+# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
+# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
+# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
+# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
+# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
+# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
+# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
+# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
+# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
+Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00
+ 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12
+ 6:00 - +06
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Korea (North and South)
+
+# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
+# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
+# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
+# during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
+# between 1987 and 1988 ...
+
+# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
+# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
+# According to the Korean Wikipedia
+# http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
+# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
+# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
+# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
+# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
+# started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
+# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
+Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
+Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
+Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
+Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S
+Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
+# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
+#
+# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
+# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
+# (Announcement No. 338)
+# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
+# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
+#
+# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
+# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
+#
+# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
+# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
+# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
+#
+# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
+# have no information otherwise.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
+# According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
+# the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
+# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
+# Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
+# Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
+# http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
+# There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
+# Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
+ 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
+ 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
+ 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
+ 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
+ 9:00 ROK K%sT
+Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
+ 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
+ 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
+ 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
+ 8:30 - KST
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Kuwait
+# See Asia/Riyadh.
+
+# Laos
+# See Asia/Bangkok.
+
+
+# Lebanon
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
+Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
+Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
+Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
+Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
+Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
+Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
+Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
+ 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
+
+# Malaysia
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
+Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
+#
+# peninsular Malaysia
+# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
+# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
+ 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
+ 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
+ 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
+ 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
+ 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
+ 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
+ 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
+# Sabah & Sarawak
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
+# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
+# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
+ 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
+ 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
+ 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
+ 8:00 - MYT
+
+# Maldives
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
+ 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
+ 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
+
+# Mongolia
+
+# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
+# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
+# (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
+
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
+# General Information Mongolia
+# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
+# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
+# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
+# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
+# eight hours."
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
+# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
+# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
+# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
+# of implementation may have been different....
+# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
+# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
+# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
+# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
+# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
+# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
+# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
+# is good enough for our purposes.
+
+# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
+# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
+# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
+# there are three time zones.
+#
+# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
+# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
+# Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
+# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
+#
+# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
+
+# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
+# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
+# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
+# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
+# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
+# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
+# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
+# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
+# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
+# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
+# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
+# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
+# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
+# He also found
+# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
+# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
+# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
+# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
+# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
+# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
+# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
+# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
+
+# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
+# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
+# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
+# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
+
+# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
+# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
+# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
+# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
+# database on this, e.g.:
+#
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
+# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
+#
+# both say GMT+08:00.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
+# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
+# schedule here:
+# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
+# (click the English flag for English)
+#
+# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
+# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
+# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
+# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
+# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
+# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
+# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
+# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
+# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
+# this is almost surely wrong.
+
+# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
+# It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
+# daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
+# March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
+# September daylight saving time ends. Source:
+# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
+# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
+# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
+#
+# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
+# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
+# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
+# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
+# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
+# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
+
+Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
+Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
+Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Mongol 2015 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Mongol 2015 max - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
+Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
+ 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
+ 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
+# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
+Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
+ 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
+ 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
+# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
+# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
+Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
+ 7:00 - ULAT 1978
+ 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
+ 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
+ 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
+
+# Nepal
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
+ 5:30 - IST 1986
+ 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
+
+# Oman
+# See Asia/Dubai.
+
+# Pakistan
+
+# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
+# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
+# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
+# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
+# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
+# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
+# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
+# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
+# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
+# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
+# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
+# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
+# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
+# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
+# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
+# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
+# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
+# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
+# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
+# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
+#
+# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
+# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
+# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
+# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
+#
+# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
+# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
+
+# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
+#
+# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
+# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
+#
+# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
+# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
+# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
+#
+# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
+# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
+# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
+# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
+# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
+# instead of August 31.
+#
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
+# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
+# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
+# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
+# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
+# official working."
+# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
+#
+# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
+# introduce DST from April 15, 2009
+#
+# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
+# April 08, 2009
+# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
+# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
+#
+# ....
+# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
+# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
+# conserve energy"
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
+# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
+# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
+# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
+# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
+# this regard."
+# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
+# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
+# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
+# October 1, 2009.
+#
+# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
+# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
+# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
+# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
+# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
+# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
+# Monday."
+#
+# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
+# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
+# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
+# obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
+#
+# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
+# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
+
+# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
+# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
+# will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
+# Steffen Thorsen wrote:
+# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
+# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
+# >
+# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
+# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
+# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
+# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
+# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
+#
+# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
+# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
+#
+# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
+# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
+Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
+ 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
+ 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
+ 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
+ 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
+ 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
+
+# Palestine
+
+# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
+#
+# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
+# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
+# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
+#
+# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
+# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
+# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
+# though.
+#
+# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
+# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
+# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
+# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
+# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
+# East Jerusalem.
+#
+# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
+# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
+# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
+# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
+# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
+#
+# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
+# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
+# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
+# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
+# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
+# Jordanian one).
+#
+# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
+#
+# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
+# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
+# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
+# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
+# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
+#
+# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
+# have one).
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
+# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
+# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
+# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
+# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
+# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
+# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
+# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
+# to Palestine's rules.
+
+# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
+# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
+#
+# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
+# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
+# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
+# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
+# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
+# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
+# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
+# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
+# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
+# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
+# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
+# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
+# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
+# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
+# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
+# earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
+# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
+# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
+# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
+# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
+# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
+# the West Bank.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
+# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
+# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
+# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
+# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
+# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
+# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
+# because of the Ramadan.
+
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
+# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
+# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
+# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
+# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
+# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
+# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
+# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
+# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
+#
+# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
+# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
+#
+# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
+# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
+# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
+# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
+# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
+#
+# (in Arabic)
+# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
+#
+# (English translation)
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
+# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
+# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
+#
+# One news source:
+# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
+# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
+# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
+# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
+# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
+# minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
+#
+# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
+# end date, we will keep this page updated:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
+# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
+#
+# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
+# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
+#
+# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
+# (from Palestinian National Authority):
+# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
+# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
+# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
+# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
+#
+# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
+# (in Arabic)
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
+# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
+# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
+# noon though:
+#
+# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
+# (Ma'an News Agency)
+# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
+# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
+# According to several sources, including
+# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
+# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
+# Gaza and the West Bank.
+# Some more background info:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
+# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
+# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
+# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
+# Ramadan.
+#
+# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
+# Additional info:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
+# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
+# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
+# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
+# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
+# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
+# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
+# ...
+# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
+# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
+# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
+# 00:00).
+# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
+#
+# Many sources, including:
+# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
+# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
+# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
+# Some of many sources in Arabic:
+# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
+#
+# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
+#
+# Our brief summary:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
+# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
+# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
+# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
+# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
+# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
+# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
+# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
+# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
+# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
+# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
+# official source...:
+# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
+# Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
+# and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
+# start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
+# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
+# For future dates, guess the last Friday in March at 24:00 through
+# the first Friday on or after October 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with
+# the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
+
+# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
+# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
+# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
+# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
+# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12):
+# Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
+# Leave fall predictions alone for now.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
+Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
+
+Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
+Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2014 max - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
+Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar lastSat 1:00 1:00 S
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
+ 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
+ 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
+ 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
+ 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
+ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
+ 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
+ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
+ 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
+ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
+ 2:00 - EET 2012
+ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
+
+Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
+ 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
+ 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
+ 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
+ 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
+ 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
+
+# Paracel Is
+# no information
+
+# Philippines
+# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
+# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
+# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
+# History of the International Date Line
+# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
+# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
+
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
+# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
+# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
+# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
+# but no details]
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
+# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
+# March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
+# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
+# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
+# Philippine Star 2014-08-05
+# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
+ 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
+ 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
+ 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
+ 8:00 Phil PH%sT
+
+# Qatar
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
+ 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
+ 3:00 - AST
+Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
+
+# Saudi Arabia
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
+# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
+# standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
+# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
+# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
+# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
+# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
+# o'clock for "Arab" time).
+#
+# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
+# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
+# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
+# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
+# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
+# earlier date.
+#
+# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
+# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
+# the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
+ 3:00 - AST
+Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
+Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
+
+# Singapore
+# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
+# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
+ 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
+ 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
+ 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
+ 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
+ 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
+ 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
+ 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
+ 8:00 - SGT
+
+# Spratly Is
+# no information
+
+# Sri Lanka
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
+# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
+# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
+# Shanks and Pottenger.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
+# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
+# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
+# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
+# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
+# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
+#
+# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
+# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
+# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26):
+# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
+# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
+
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
+# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
+# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
+# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
+
+# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
+# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
+# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
+# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
+# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
+# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
+# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
+
+# From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
+# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
+# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
+# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
+# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
+#
+# I recollect before the recent change the government announcements
+# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
+# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
+#
+# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
+# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
+# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
+# item....
+#
+# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
+# administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
+# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
+# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
+# slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
+#
+# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
+# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
+# all computers.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
+# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
+# and then see what people actually say in practice.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
+ 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
+ 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
+ 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
+ 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
+ 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
+ 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
+ 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
+ 5:30 - IST
+
+# Syria
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
+# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
+# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
+# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
+# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
+# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
+# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
+Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
+# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
+# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
+Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
+# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
+# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
+Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
+# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
+# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
+# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
+# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
+# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
+# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
+# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
+# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
+#
+# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
+# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
+#
+# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
+# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
+#
+# which using Google's translate tools says:
+# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
+# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
+# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
+Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
+
+# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
+# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
+# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
+# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
+# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
+# Variation
+# Syrian Arab
+# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
+# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
+# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
+# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
+# Agency (SANA)...
+# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
+# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
+# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
+# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
+# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
+# shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
+# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
+# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
+# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
+# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
+# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
+# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
+#
+# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
+# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
+# clocks back 60 minutes).
+#
+# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
+# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
+# two examples:
+#
+# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
+# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
+# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
+# (Arabic, gov-site)
+#
+# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
+#
+# Our summary
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
+# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
+# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
+# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
+# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
+# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
+# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
+# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
+# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
+# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
+# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
+# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
+# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
+# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
+#
+# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
+# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
+#
+# Our brief summary:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
+# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
+
+Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
+ 2:00 Syria EE%sT
+
+# Tajikistan
+# From Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
+ 5:00 - +05
+
+# Thailand
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
+ 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
+ 7:00 - ICT
+Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia
+Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos
+
+# Turkmenistan
+# From Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
+ 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00
+ 5:00 - +05
+
+# United Arab Emirates
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
+ 4:00 - GST
+Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
+
+# Uzbekistan
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
+ 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
+ 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
+ 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
+ 5:00 - +05
+# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
+Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
+ 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
+ 5:00 - +05
+
+# Vietnam
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
+# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
+# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
+# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
+# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
+# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
+# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
+# Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
+# (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
+# is quoted verbatim in:
+# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
+# is translated by Brian Inglis in:
+# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
+# and is the basis for the information below.
+#
+# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
+# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris.
+# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
+# the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
+# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
+# which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
+# is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
+#
+# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
+# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
+# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
+# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
+# To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
+# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
+# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
+# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
+# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
+# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
+#
+# Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
+#
+# Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
+# No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
+#
+# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
+# NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
+#
+# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
+# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
+ 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
+ 7:00 - ICT 1942 Dec 31 23:00
+ 8:00 - IDT 1945 Mar 14 23:00
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2
+ 7:00 - ICT 1947 Apr 1
+ 8:00 - IDT 1955 Jul 1
+ 7:00 - ICT 1959 Dec 31 23:00
+ 8:00 - IDT 1975 Jun 13
+ 7:00 - ICT
+
+# Yemen
+# See Asia/Riyadh.
Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/asia
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Index: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/australasia
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/australasia (nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/australasia (revision 306848)
@@ -0,0 +1,1773 @@
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+# This file also includes Pacific islands.
+
+# Notes are at the end of this file
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Australia
+
+# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D
+Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S
+Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S
+Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D
+# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
+# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
+# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Northern Territory
+Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
+ 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
+ 9:30 Aus AC%sT
+# Western Australia
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
+ 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul
+ 8:00 AW AW%sT
+Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
+ 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul
+ 8:45 AW ACW%sT
+
+# Queensland
+#
+# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
+# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
+# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
+# Queensland ceased to.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
+# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
+# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
+# so use Lindeman.
+#
+# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
+# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday
+# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the
+# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and
+# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone
+# applies to all of the Whitsundays.
+# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
+ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
+ 10:00 AQ AE%sT
+Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
+ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
+ 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul
+ 10:00 Holiday AE%sT
+
+# South Australia
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
+ 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
+ 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
+ 9:30 AS AC%sT
+
+# Tasmania
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
+# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
+# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
+ 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
+ 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
+ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
+ 10:00 AT AE%sT
+Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
+ 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
+ 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
+ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul
+ 10:00 AT AE%sT
+
+# Victoria
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
+ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
+ 10:00 AV AE%sT
+
+# New South Wales
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
+ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
+ 10:00 AN AE%sT
+Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
+ 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23
+ 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
+ 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
+ 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000
+ 9:30 AS AC%sT
+
+# Lord Howe Island
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
+Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
+Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
+Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D
+Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
+Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
+Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
+Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
+Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
+Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
+Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D
+Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
+ 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar
+ 10:30 LH LH%sT
+
+# Australian miscellany
+#
+# Ashmore Is, Cartier
+# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
+# no times are set
+#
+# Coral Sea Is
+# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
+# no times are set
+#
+# Macquarie
+# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
+# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
+# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
+# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
+# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831
+# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
+# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
+# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
+# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
+# on 4 April.
+#
+# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
+# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
+# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
+# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
+# pre-2013 versions of localtime.
+Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov
+ 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
+ 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
+ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
+ 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25
+ 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
+ 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00
+ 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time
+
+# Christmas
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
+ 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
+
+# Cocos (Keeling) Is
+# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
+# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
+ 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
+
+
+# Fiji
+
+# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
+# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
+# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
+#
+# "Daylight savings to commence this month"
+# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
+# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
+# amendments:
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
+# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
+# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
+# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
+# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
+#
+# Official source:
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
+#
+# A bit more background info here:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
+# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
+# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
+# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
+# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
+# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
+# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
+#
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
+# which says
+# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
+# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
+# 2am on February 26 next year.
+
+# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
+# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
+# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
+#
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
+# states:
+#
+# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
+# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
+# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
+# on the 23rd of October, 2011.
+
+# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:
+# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate
+# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
+# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
+
+# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
+# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ...
+# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):
+# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx
+
+# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20):
+# DST will start Nov. 2 this year.
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx
+
+# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77
+# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28),
+# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02):
+# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time
+# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at
+# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-01):
+# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to
+# 03:00 the third Sunday in January. Although ad hoc, it matches
+# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future
+# practice than guessing no DST.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
+Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
+Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
+Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
+Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
+Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
+ 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
+
+# French Polynesia
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
+ -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
+Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
+ -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
+Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
+ -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
+# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
+# it is uninhabited.
+
+# Guam
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
+ 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
+ 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
+ 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
+Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
+
+# Kiribati
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
+ 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
+Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
+ -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
+ -11:00 - PHOT 1995
+ 13:00 - PHOT
+Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
+ -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
+ -10:00 - LINT 1995
+ 14:00 - LINT
+
+# N Mariana Is
+# See Pacific/Guam.
+
+# Marshall Is
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
+ 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
+ 12:00 - MHT
+Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
+ 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
+ -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
+ 12:00 - MHT
+
+# Micronesia
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
+ 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time
+Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
+ 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
+Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
+ 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
+ 12:00 - KOST 1999
+ 11:00 - KOST
+
+# Nauru
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
+ 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
+ 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
+ 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
+ 12:00 - NRT
+
+# New Caledonia
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
+Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
+# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
+Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
+ 11:00 NC NC%sT
+
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# New Zealand
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
+Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
+Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
+Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
+Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
+Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
+# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
+# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition
+# so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
+Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
+Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
+Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
+Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
+Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
+Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
+Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
+Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
+Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
+Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
+Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
+ 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
+ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
+Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
+ 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1
+ 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
+
+Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
+
+# Auckland Is
+# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
+# and scientific personnel have wintered
+
+# Campbell I
+# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
+# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
+# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
+# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
+
+# Cook Is
+# From Shanks & Pottenger:
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
+ -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
+ -10:00 Cook CK%sT
+
+###############################################################################
+
+
+# Niue
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
+ -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
+ -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
+ -11:00 - NUT
+
+# Norfolk
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
+ 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
+ 11:30 - NFT 1974 Oct 27 02:00 # Norfolk T.
+ 11:30 1:00 NFST 1975 Mar 2 02:00
+ 11:30 - NFT 2015 Oct 4 02:00
+ 11:00 - NFT
+
+# Palau (Belau)
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
+ 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
+
+# Papua New Guinea
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
+ 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
+ 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
+# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
+# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
+#
+# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
+# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
+# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
+# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
+# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
+# http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
+# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
+#
+# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11
+# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time";
+# abbreviate this as BST. See:
+# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
+#
+Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880
+ 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895
+ 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21
+ 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00
+ 11:00 - BST
+
+# Pitcairn
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
+ -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00
+ -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
+
+# American Samoa
+Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
+ -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
+ -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
+ -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
+ -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
+Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands
+
+# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
+# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
+# the following info:
+#
+# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
+# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
+# Sunday of April 2011."
+#
+# Background info:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
+#
+# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
+# contain any dates:
+# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
+
+# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
+# Please see
+# http://www.mcil.gov.ws
+# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
+# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
+# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
+# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
+
+# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
+# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
+#
+# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
+# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
+# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
+# (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
+
+# From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
+# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
+#
+# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
+# The International Date Line Act 2011
+# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
+# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
+# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted
+# accordingly.
+
+# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
+# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
+#
+# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
+#
+# DST
+# Year End Time Start Time
+# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
+# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
+#
+# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
+# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
+# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
+#
+# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
+# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
+# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
+# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
+# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
+# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D
+Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S
+Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D
+Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S
+Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
+ -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
+ -11:30 - WSST 1950
+ -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa
+ 13:00 WS WS%sT
+
+# Solomon Is
+# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
+ 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
+
+# Tokelau Is
+#
+# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
+# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
+# December 31 this year ...
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
+# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
+# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
+# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
+# actually was to UTC-11 back then.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
+# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
+# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
+# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau
+# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
+# are off by an hour starting in 1901.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
+ -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
+ 13:00 - TKT
+
+# Tonga
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
+ 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
+ 13:00 - TOT 1999
+ 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
+
+# Tuvalu
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
+ 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
+
+
+# US minor outlying islands
+
+# Howland, Baker
+# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
+# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
+# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
+# uninhabited thereafter.
+# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937;
+# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
+# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
+# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
+# until they were abandoned after the war.
+
+# Jarvis
+# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
+# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
+# uninhabited thereafter.
+# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
+
+# Johnston
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11):
+# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
+# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
+# treat it like Hawaii for now.
+#
+# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
+# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
+# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
+# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and
+# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
+#
+# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):
+# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
+# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
+# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the
+# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
+# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
+# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
+# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
+# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
+# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
+# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
+# Minus One Hour".
+#
+# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston.
+
+# Kingman
+# uninhabited
+
+# Midway
+# See Pacific/Pago_Pago.
+
+# Palmyra
+# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
+
+# Wake
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
+ 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
+
+
+# Vanuatu
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
+Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
+ 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
+
+# Wallis and Futuna
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
+ 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# NOTES
+
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+#
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
+# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
+#
+# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
+#
+# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
+# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
+# I found in the UCLA library.
+#
+# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
+#
+# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
+#
+# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
+# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
+# Corrections are welcome!
+# std dst
+# LMT Local Mean Time
+# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
+# 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia*
+# 9:00 JST Japan
+# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
+# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
+# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
+# 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe*
+# 11:00 BST Bougainville*
+# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
+# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
+# 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945*
+# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present*
+# 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present*
+# -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950*
+# -11:00 SST Samoa
+# -10:00 HST Hawaii
+# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
+#
+# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
+# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Australia
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
+# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
+# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
+# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
+# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
+# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
+# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
+# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
+# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
+# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
+# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
+# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
+# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
+# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
+# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
+# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving
+# covers New South Wales in particular.
+
+# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
+# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
+# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
+# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
+# abbreviation does _not_ change...
+# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
+# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
+# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
+# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight
+# time'.
+# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
+# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time'
+# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
+# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
+# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
+# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times;
+# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
+#
+# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
+# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
+# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
+# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
+# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
+# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
+# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
+# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web
+# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
+# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
+# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
+# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:
+#
+# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
+# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
+# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
+# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
+# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
+# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
+# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
+# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
+# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
+# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au
+#
+# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
+# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au
+#
+# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
+# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages
+# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
+# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:
+#
+# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
+# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au
+#
+# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
+# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
+# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
+# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers
+# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
+# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
+# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).
+#
+# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
+# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/>
+# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
+# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
+# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
+# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
+# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
+# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not
+# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
+# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
+# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
+# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
+# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
+# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."
+#
+# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree:
+#
+# The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
+# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
+# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
+# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
+#
+# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
+# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
+# EST CST WST EDT CDT
+#
+# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
+# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
+# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)
+#
+# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
+# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
+# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
+#
+# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
+# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
+# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used
+#
+# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
+# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
+# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
+# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
+# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
+# appear in reports of events with international implications.
+#
+# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
+# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
+# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
+# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
+# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
+# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
+# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current
+# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
+# "AEDT" for Australian time zones.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
+# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
+# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
+# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
+# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
+# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time.
+# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
+
+# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
+#
+# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
+# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
+# relevant entries in this database.
+#
+# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
+# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
+# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html
+# ACT
+# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
+# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html
+# SA
+# Standard Time Act, 1898
+# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html
+
+# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
+# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
+# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
+# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
+# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
+#
+# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
+# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
+# to extend DST together in 2006.
+# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
+# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
+# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
+# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
+# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
+# allude to it.
+# But not Queensland
+# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html
+
+# Northern Territory
+
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
+# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
+# # [ Nov 1990 ]
+# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
+# ...
+# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
+
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
+# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
+# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
+
+# Western Australia
+
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
+# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
+# # [ Nov 1990 ]
+# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
+# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
+# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
+# # before reaching parliament.
+# ...
+# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
+# ...
+# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
+# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
+
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
+# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
+# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
+
+# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
+# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
+# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
+# work at 9.00am.)
+# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
+# everybody again.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
+# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
+# it matches what was used in the past.
+
+# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
+# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
+# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
+# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
+
+# Queensland
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
+# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
+# # [ Dec 1990 ]
+# ...
+# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
+# ...
+# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
+# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
+
+# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
+# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
+# October 1989).
+
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
+# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
+# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
+# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
+
+# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
+# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
+# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
+# me.)
+
+# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
+# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
+# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
+# ...
+# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
+# ...
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
+# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
+
+# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
+# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
+# WA are trialing DST for three years.
+# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf
+
+# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
+# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
+# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
+# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
+# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
+# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
+# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
+# Australia and Western Australia....
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
+# This is confirmed by the section entitled
+# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
+# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html
+#
+# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
+# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
+# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
+# coast of the continent.
+#
+# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
+# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
+# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
+# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
+# the largest population centre in this zone....
+#
+# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
+# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
+# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
+# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
+#
+# (2006-12-09):
+# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
+# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
+# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
+# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
+# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
+# introduction of standard time in 1895.
+
+
+# southeast Australia
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
+# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
+# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
+# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
+
+
+# South Australia
+
+# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
+# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
+# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
+# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
+
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
+# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
+# # [ Nov 1990 ]
+# ...
+# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
+# ...
+# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
+# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
+# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
+
+# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
+# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
+# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
+# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
+
+# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
+# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
+# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
+# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
+# is on...
+
+# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
+# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
+# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
+# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
+
+# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
+# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
+# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
+# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
+
+# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
+# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
+# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
+# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
+# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
+
+# Tasmania
+
+# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
+# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
+# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
+# # [ Nov 1990 ]
+
+# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
+# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
+# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
+# (but nothing new about that).
+
+# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
+# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
+# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
+# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
+# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
+# instead of the first Sunday in October.
+
+# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
+# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
+# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
+
+# Victoria
+
+# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
+# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
+# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
+# # [ Nov 1990 ]
+
+# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
+# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
+# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
+# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
+# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
+# in Melbourne, Australia.
+#
+# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
+# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
+# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
+# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
+# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
+# expected time.
+#
+# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
+# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
+# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
+# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
+#
+# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
+# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
+# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
+
+# New South Wales
+
+# From Arthur David Olson:
+# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
+# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
+# who notes:
+# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
+# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
+# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
+# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
+# legislation. This is very important to understand.
+# I have researched New South Wales time only...
+
+# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
+# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
+# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore,
+# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).
+# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
+# See the following official NSW source:
+# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
+# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ
+#
+# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
+# daylight saving next year. See:
+# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
+# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm
+# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
+#
+# Victoria will following NSW. See:
+# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
+# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm
+#
+# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
+# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
+# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm
+#
+# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
+# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
+# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm
+# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
+# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
+# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
+# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
+# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
+# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
+#
+# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
+# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
+# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm
+
+# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
+# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
+# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
+
+# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
+# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
+# towns to use Queensland time.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
+# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
+
+# Yancowinna
+
+# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
+# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
+
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
+# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
+# # [ Dec 1990 ]
+# ...
+# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
+# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
+# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
+# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
+# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
+# # presently available.
+# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
+# ...
+# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
+# [followed by other Rules]
+
+# Lord Howe Island
+
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
+# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
+# [ Dec 1990 ]
+# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
+# hour ahead of NSW time.
+
+# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
+# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
+# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
+# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
+# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
+# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
+# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
+# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
+# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
+# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
+
+# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
+# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
+# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
+# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
+# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
+# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
+# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
+# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
+# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
+# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
+# summer (southern hemisphere).
+#
+# From
+# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
+# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
+# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
+# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
+# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
+# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
+# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
+# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
+#
+# We have a wrap-up here:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
+###############################################################################
+
+# New Zealand
+
+# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
+# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
+# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
+# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
+# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
+
+# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
+# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
+# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
+# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
+# # [ Nov 1990 ]
+# ...
+# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
+# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
+# ...
+# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
+# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
+# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
+# rather than the October 1 value.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
+# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
+# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
+# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
+# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
+# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
+# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
+# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
+#
+# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
+# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
+# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
+
+# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
+# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
+# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
+# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
+# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
+# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
+# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
+# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
+# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
+# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
+# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
+# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
+# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
+# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
+# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
+# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
+
+###############################################################################
+
+
+# Fiji
+
+# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
+# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
+# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
+
+# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
+# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
+# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
+# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
+# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
+
+# From the BBC World Service in
+# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
+# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
+# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
+# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
+# of the new millennium.
+
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
+# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
+
+
+# Kiribati
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
+# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
+# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
+# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
+
+
+# Kwajalein
+
+# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
+# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
+# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
+# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
+# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
+
+
+# N Mariana Is, Guam
+
+# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
+# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
+# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
+# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
+# see Asia/Manila.
+
+# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
+# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
+# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
+# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
+
+
+# Micronesia
+
+# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
+# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
+# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
+#
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
+# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
+# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
+# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
+# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
+# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
+# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
+
+
+# Midway
+
+# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
+# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
+# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
+# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
+# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
+# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
+# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
+# air at 6am your time.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
+# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
+# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
+# in Midway, but we have no record of it.
+
+# Norfolk
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23):
+# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100:
+# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
+# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
+# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
+# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
+# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
+# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
+# other than in 1974/5. See:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
+
+# Pitcairn
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
+# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
+# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
+#
+# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
+# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
+# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
+#
+# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
+# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
+# somehow in light of this proclamation.
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
+# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
+# ... at midnight.
+
+# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
+# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
+# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
+# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
+
+
+# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
+
+# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
+# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
+# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
+# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
+# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
+
+# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30
+# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11
+# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
+# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
+# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950,
+# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
+# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
+# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
+
+# Tonga
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
+# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
+# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
+# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
+
+# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
+# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
+# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
+#
+# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
+# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
+# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
+# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
+# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
+# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
+#
+# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
+# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
+# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
+#
+# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
+# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
+# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
+# minutes we have lost?"
+#
+# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
+# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
+# to say your prayers in the morning."
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
+
+# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
+# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
+# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
+# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
+# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
+# Government.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
+# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
+#
+# I was given this link by John Letts:
+# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
+#
+# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
+# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
+# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
+# (12 + 1 hour DST).
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
+# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>:
+# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
+# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
+# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
+# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
+# set back an hour on the closing date."
+# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
+# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
+# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
+# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
+# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
+# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
+# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
+# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
+# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>)
+
+# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
+# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
+
+# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
+# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
+# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
+# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
+# hour to 1:00am.
+
+# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
+# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
+
+
+# Wake
+
+# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
+# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
+#
+# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
+# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
+# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
+# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
+# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
+# impossible.
+#
+# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
+# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# The International Date Line
+
+# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
+#
+# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
+# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
+# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
+# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
+#
+# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
+# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
+# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
+# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
+# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
+# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
+# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
+# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
+# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
+# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
+# correct date is ambiguous.
+
+# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
+# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
+# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
+# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
+# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
+# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
+# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
+# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
+# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
+# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
+# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were
+# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
+# independent merchant ships until World War II.
+
+# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
+# (2005-03-20):
+#
+# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
+# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187
+# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
+# international waters; it ignores the international date line.
Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/australasia
___________________________________________________________________
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\ No newline at end of property
Index: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/backward
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/backward (nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/backward (revision 306848)
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+# This file provides links between current names for time zones
+# and their old names. Many names changed in late 1993.
+
+# Link TARGET LINK-NAME
+Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmera
+Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Timbuktu
+Link America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia
+Link America/Adak America/Atka
+Link America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires America/Buenos_Aires
+Link America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Catamarca
+Link America/Atikokan America/Coral_Harbour
+Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Cordoba
+Link America/Tijuana America/Ensenada
+Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Fort_Wayne
+Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Indianapolis
+Link America/Argentina/Jujuy America/Jujuy
+Link America/Indiana/Knox America/Knox_IN
+Link America/Kentucky/Louisville America/Louisville
+Link America/Argentina/Mendoza America/Mendoza
+Link America/Toronto America/Montreal
+Link America/Rio_Branco America/Porto_Acre
+Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Rosario
+Link America/Tijuana America/Santa_Isabel
+Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Virgin
+Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/South_Pole
+Link Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad
+Link Asia/Kolkata Asia/Calcutta
+Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chongqing
+Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chungking
+Link Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dacca
+Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Harbin
+Link Asia/Urumqi Asia/Kashgar
+Link Asia/Kathmandu Asia/Katmandu
+Link Asia/Macau Asia/Macao
+Link Asia/Yangon Asia/Rangoon
+Link Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Asia/Saigon
+Link Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Tel_Aviv
+Link Asia/Thimphu Asia/Thimbu
+Link Asia/Makassar Asia/Ujung_Pandang
+Link Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Ulan_Bator
+Link Atlantic/Faroe Atlantic/Faeroe
+Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
+Link Australia/Sydney Australia/ACT
+Link Australia/Sydney Australia/Canberra
+Link Australia/Lord_Howe Australia/LHI
+Link Australia/Sydney Australia/NSW
+Link Australia/Darwin Australia/North
+Link Australia/Brisbane Australia/Queensland
+Link Australia/Adelaide Australia/South
+Link Australia/Hobart Australia/Tasmania
+Link Australia/Melbourne Australia/Victoria
+Link Australia/Perth Australia/West
+Link Australia/Broken_Hill Australia/Yancowinna
+Link America/Rio_Branco Brazil/Acre
+Link America/Noronha Brazil/DeNoronha
+Link America/Sao_Paulo Brazil/East
+Link America/Manaus Brazil/West
+Link America/Halifax Canada/Atlantic
+Link America/Winnipeg Canada/Central
+Link America/Regina Canada/East-Saskatchewan
+Link America/Toronto Canada/Eastern
+Link America/Edmonton Canada/Mountain
+Link America/St_Johns Canada/Newfoundland
+Link America/Vancouver Canada/Pacific
+Link America/Regina Canada/Saskatchewan
+Link America/Whitehorse Canada/Yukon
+Link America/Santiago Chile/Continental
+Link Pacific/Easter Chile/EasterIsland
+Link America/Havana Cuba
+Link Africa/Cairo Egypt
+Link Europe/Dublin Eire
+Link Europe/London Europe/Belfast
+Link Europe/Chisinau Europe/Tiraspol
+Link Europe/London GB
+Link Europe/London GB-Eire
+Link Etc/GMT GMT+0
+Link Etc/GMT GMT-0
+Link Etc/GMT GMT0
+Link Etc/GMT Greenwich
+Link Asia/Hong_Kong Hongkong
+Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland
+Link Asia/Tehran Iran
+Link Asia/Jerusalem Israel
+Link America/Jamaica Jamaica
+Link Asia/Tokyo Japan
+Link Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein
+Link Africa/Tripoli Libya
+Link America/Tijuana Mexico/BajaNorte
+Link America/Mazatlan Mexico/BajaSur
+Link America/Mexico_City Mexico/General
+Link Pacific/Auckland NZ
+Link Pacific/Chatham NZ-CHAT
+Link America/Denver Navajo
+Link Asia/Shanghai PRC
+Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape
+Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Samoa
+Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk
+Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap
+Link Europe/Warsaw Poland
+Link Europe/Lisbon Portugal
+Link Asia/Taipei ROC
+Link Asia/Seoul ROK
+Link Asia/Singapore Singapore
+Link Europe/Istanbul Turkey
+Link Etc/UCT UCT
+Link America/Anchorage US/Alaska
+Link America/Adak US/Aleutian
+Link America/Phoenix US/Arizona
+Link America/Chicago US/Central
+Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis US/East-Indiana
+Link America/New_York US/Eastern
+Link Pacific/Honolulu US/Hawaii
+Link America/Indiana/Knox US/Indiana-Starke
+Link America/Detroit US/Michigan
+Link America/Denver US/Mountain
+Link America/Los_Angeles US/Pacific
+Link Pacific/Pago_Pago US/Samoa
+Link Etc/UTC UTC
+Link Etc/UTC Universal
+Link Europe/Moscow W-SU
+Link Etc/UTC Zulu
Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/backward
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
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\ No newline at end of property
Index: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/etcetera
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/etcetera (nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/etcetera (revision 306848)
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+# These entries are mostly present for historical reasons, so that
+# people in areas not otherwise covered by the tz files could "zic -l"
+# to a time zone that was right for their area. These days, the
+# tz files cover almost all the inhabited world, and the only practical
+# need now for the entries that are not on UTC are for ships at sea
+# that cannot use POSIX TZ settings.
+
+# Starting with POSIX 1003.1-2001, the entries below are all
+# unnecessary as settings for the TZ environment variable. E.g.,
+# instead of TZ='Etc/GMT+4' one can use the POSIX setting TZ='<-04>+4'.
+#
+# Do not use a POSIX TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours
+# behind GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT".
+
+Zone Etc/GMT 0 - GMT
+Zone Etc/UTC 0 - UTC
+Zone Etc/UCT 0 - UCT
+
+# The following link uses older naming conventions,
+# but it belongs here, not in the file 'backward',
+# as functions like gmtime load the "GMT" file to handle leap seconds properly.
+# We want this to work even on installations that omit the other older names.
+Link Etc/GMT GMT
+
+Link Etc/UTC Etc/Universal
+Link Etc/UTC Etc/Zulu
+
+Link Etc/GMT Etc/Greenwich
+Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT-0
+Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT+0
+Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT0
+
+# Be consistent with POSIX TZ settings in the Zone names,
+# even though this is the opposite of what many people expect.
+# POSIX has positive signs west of Greenwich, but many people expect
+# positive signs east of Greenwich. For example, TZ='Etc/GMT+4' uses
+# the abbreviation "-04" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UT
+# (i.e. west of Greenwich) even though many people would expect it to
+# mean 4 hours ahead of UT (i.e. east of Greenwich).
+
+# Earlier incarnations of this package were not POSIX-compliant,
+# and had lines such as
+# Zone GMT-12 -12 - GMT-1200
+# We did not want things to change quietly if someone accustomed to the old
+# way does a
+# zic -l GMT-12
+# so we moved the names into the Etc subdirectory.
+# Also, the time zone abbreviations are now compatible with %z.
+
+Zone Etc/GMT-14 14 - +14
+Zone Etc/GMT-13 13 - +13
+Zone Etc/GMT-12 12 - +12
+Zone Etc/GMT-11 11 - +11
+Zone Etc/GMT-10 10 - +10
+Zone Etc/GMT-9 9 - +09
+Zone Etc/GMT-8 8 - +08
+Zone Etc/GMT-7 7 - +07
+Zone Etc/GMT-6 6 - +06
+Zone Etc/GMT-5 5 - +05
+Zone Etc/GMT-4 4 - +04
+Zone Etc/GMT-3 3 - +03
+Zone Etc/GMT-2 2 - +02
+Zone Etc/GMT-1 1 - +01
+Zone Etc/GMT+1 -1 - -01
+Zone Etc/GMT+2 -2 - -02
+Zone Etc/GMT+3 -3 - -03
+Zone Etc/GMT+4 -4 - -04
+Zone Etc/GMT+5 -5 - -05
+Zone Etc/GMT+6 -6 - -06
+Zone Etc/GMT+7 -7 - -07
+Zone Etc/GMT+8 -8 - -08
+Zone Etc/GMT+9 -9 - -09
+Zone Etc/GMT+10 -10 - -10
+Zone Etc/GMT+11 -11 - -11
+Zone Etc/GMT+12 -12 - -12
Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/etcetera
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
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\ No newline at end of property
Index: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/europe
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/europe (nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/europe (revision 306848)
@@ -0,0 +1,3760 @@
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+#
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
+# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
+#
+# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
+#
+# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
+#
+# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
+# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
+#
+# Other sources occasionally used include:
+#
+# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
+# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
+# which I found in the UCLA library.
+#
+# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
+# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
+# [PDF] (1914-03)
+#
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
+# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
+# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
+# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
+# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
+#
+# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
+# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
+# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
+# The full Russian citation is:
+# Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
+# введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
+# июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
+# Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
+# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
+#
+# Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
+# History of Summer Time
+# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
+# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
+
+#
+# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
+# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
+# Corrections are welcome!
+# std dst 2dst
+# LMT Local Mean Time
+# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
+# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
+# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
+# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
+# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
+# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
+# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
+# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
+# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
+# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
+# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
+# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
+# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
+
+# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
+# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
+# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
+# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
+# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
+# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
+# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
+# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
+# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
+# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
+# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
+# ...
+# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
+# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
+# ...
+# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
+# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
+# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
+# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
+# in the Directive.
+
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
+
+# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
+#
+# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
+# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
+# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
+# of the text said:
+#
+# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
+# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
+# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
+# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
+# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
+# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
+# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
+#
+# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
+# position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should
+# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
+#
+# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
+#
+# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
+# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
+# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
+# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
+# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
+# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
+# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
+# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
+# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
+# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
+# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
+# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
+# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
+# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
+# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
+# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
+# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
+# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
+# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
+# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
+#
+# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
+# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
+# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):
+# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time
+# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
+# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
+# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
+# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
+# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
+# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
+# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See:
+# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg.
+# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734
+# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
+# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal
+# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.
+#
+# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
+# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
+# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
+# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
+# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
+# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
+# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
+# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
+# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
+# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
+# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
+# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
+# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
+# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
+# which is permanently set to Summer Time.
+
+# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
+# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
+# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
+# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
+# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
+# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
+# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
+# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
+# http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
+# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
+# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
+# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
+# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
+# The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see:
+# Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press
+# ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
+# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
+# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
+
+# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
+# From: Jonathan Leffler
+# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
+# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
+# politics making a fortune, not computing.
+
+# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
+# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
+# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
+# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
+# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
+
+# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
+# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
+# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
+# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
+
+# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
+# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
+# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
+# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
+# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
+# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
+# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
+# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
+
+# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
+# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
+# which is to be introduced in May....
+# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
+# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
+# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
+# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
+# so we use 'BDST'.
+
+# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
+# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
+# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
+# and extending this list, which can be found in
+# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
+
+# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
+#
+# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
+# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
+# http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
+# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+#
+# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
+#
+# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
+# are incorrect:
+# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
+# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
+# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
+# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
+# It actually just had one transition.
+# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
+# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
+# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
+# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
+# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
+#
+# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
+# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
+# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
+# conform with Great Britain.
+# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
+#
+# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
+# we'll ignore it for now.
+# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
+#
+#
+# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
+# Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
+# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
+# to London. For example:
+#
+# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
+# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
+
+# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
+# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
+# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed
+# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
+# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
+# Irish Times 2014-10-27.
+# http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
+
+# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
+# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
+# These include various relating to legal time, for example:
+#
+# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
+#
+# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
+# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
+#
+# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
+# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
+# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
+#
+# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
+# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
+# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
+#
+# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
+# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
+#
+# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these
+# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
+# the laws applicable in Ireland.)
+#
+# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
+# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
+# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
+# being GMT+1.)
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
+# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
+# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
+# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
+# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
+# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
+# and Frethun run in CT.
+# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
+# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
+# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
+# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
+# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
+# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
+
+# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
+# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
+# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC.
+# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
+# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
+# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
+# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Summer Time Act, 1916
+Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
+# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
+Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
+# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
+Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
+# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
+Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
+# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
+Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
+# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
+Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
+# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
+Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
+# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
+Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
+# The Summer Time Act, 1922
+Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
+Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
+# The Summer Time Act, 1925
+Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
+Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
+# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
+Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
+# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
+Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
+# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
+Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
+Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
+# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
+Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
+# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
+Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
+# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
+Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
+Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
+# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
+Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
+Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
+# The Summer Time Act, 1947
+Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
+Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
+# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
+Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
+# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
+Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
+# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
+# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
+# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
+Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
+# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
+Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
+Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
+# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
+# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
+# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
+Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
+# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
+# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
+# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
+Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
+# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
+Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
+# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
+# (no summer time)
+# The Summer Time Act, 1972
+Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
+# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
+# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
+# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
+# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
+Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
+Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
+# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
+# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
+# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
+Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
+# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
+# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
+#
+# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
+ 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
+ 0:00 EU GMT/BST
+Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
+Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
+Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
+ -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
+ -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
+ 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
+ 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
+ 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
+ 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
+ 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
+ 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
+ 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
+ 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
+ 0:00 EU GMT/IST
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Europe
+
+# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
+# Common Market, etc.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
+Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
+Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
+Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
+Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
+Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
+# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
+# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
+# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
+# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
+
+# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
+Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
+Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
+Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
+Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
+
+# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
+# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
+Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
+# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
+#
+# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
+# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
+# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
+# tz database itself, as seen below:
+#
+# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
+# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
+#
+# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
+# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
+#
+# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
+# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
+#
+# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
+# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
+# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
+#
+# The rule line to be changed is:
+#
+# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 -
+#
+# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
+# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no
+# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
+# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms
+# CET and MET:
+#
+# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
+# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
+#
+# It this is right then the corrected version would look like:
+#
+# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
+#
+# A small step for mankind though 8-)
+Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+
+# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
+Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
+
+
+# Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union
+#
+# The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23).
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
+#
+# Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137
+Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
+#
+# Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001
+Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
+Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
+#
+# Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949
+Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
+#
+Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 0:00u 1:00 MSD
+Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
+#
+# Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840
+Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
+#
+# Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949
+Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 +05
+#
+Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
+Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+# Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
+Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+# Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
+# Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
+Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+#
+Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+# As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
+
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
+# Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of
+# Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the
+# Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227.
+#
+# I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have
+# title at http://base.garant.ru/70754136/ :
+# "About change in calculation of time on the territories of
+# Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan,
+# Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts".
+# And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to
+# contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules
+# of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov
+# oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989:
+# a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast:
+# second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1);
+# b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt
+# rules (Moscow time)
+# c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1).
+
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
+# Unamended version of the act of the
+# Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992
+# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0
+# says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday
+# of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September
+# at 3 hours. It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
+# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
+# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
+# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
+#
+# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
+# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
+#
+# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
+# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
+# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
+# to be standard.
+
+# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
+Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
+Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
+Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
+
+# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
+# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
+
+# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
+# The official German names ... are
+#
+# Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
+# Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
+#
+# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
+# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
+# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
+#
+# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
+# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
+# Postfach 3345
+# D-38023 Braunschweig
+# phone: +49 531 592-0
+#
+# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
+# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
+# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
+#
+# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
+# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
+
+
+# Albania
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
+Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
+Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
+Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
+Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
+Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
+Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
+Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
+Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
+Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
+Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
+ 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
+ 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Andorra
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
+ 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
+ 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Austria
+
+# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
+# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
+# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
+# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition
+# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV,
+# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
+ 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
+ 1:00 - CET 1946
+ 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Belarus
+#
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02):
+# http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm
+# (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from
+# 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00
+# on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September
+# (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations).
+#
+# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
+# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
+# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
+#
+# Sources (Russian language):
+# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
+# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
+# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
+#
+# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
+# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
+# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
+ 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
+ 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
+ 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 3:00 - +03
+
+# Belgium
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
+# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
+# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
+# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
+# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
+# pp 8-9.
+# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
+# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
+# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
+# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
+# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
+# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
+# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
+# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
+# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
+Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
+ 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
+ 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
+ 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
+ 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
+ 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Bosnia and Herzegovina
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
+
+# Bulgaria
+#
+# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
+# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says:
+# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
+# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
+Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
+Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
+ 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
+ 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
+ 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
+ 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
+ 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+
+# Croatia
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
+
+# Cyprus
+# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
+
+# Czech Republic
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
+ 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
+ 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
+
+# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
+
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
+# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
+# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
+# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
+# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
+#
+# The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
+# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
+#
+# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
+# in subsequent decrees with the law
+# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
+#
+# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
+# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
+# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
+# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
+# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
+# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
+# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
+# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
+# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
+# was suspended on that night):
+# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
+
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
+# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
+# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
+# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
+# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
+Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
+ 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
+ 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
+ 0:00 - WET 1981
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
+# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
+# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
+# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
+# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
+# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
+# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
+# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
+
+# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
+# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
+# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
+#
+# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
+# is according to the following time line:
+#
+# The military zone near Thule UTC-4
+# Standard Greenland time UTC-3
+# Scoresbysund UTC-1
+# Danmarkshavn UTC
+#
+# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
+# introduced.
+
+# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
+#
+# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
+# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have
+# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have
+# info from earlier correspondence.]
+#
+# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
+# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
+# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
+#
+# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
+# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
+# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
+# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
+# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
+# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
+# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
+#
+# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
+# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb).
+#
+# The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it
+# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
+# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
+#
+# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
+# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
+# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
+# this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be
+# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
+
+# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
+# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
+# there at 2:00 AM.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
+# the 1995 map as like Godthåb.
+# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996.
+# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
+# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
+# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
+
+# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
+# "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named
+# "National Park" by Executive Order:
+# http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf
+# It is their only National Park.
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
+ -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
+ -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996
+ 0:00 - GMT
+Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
+ -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
+ -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
+ -1:00 EU EG%sT
+Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
+ -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
+ -3:00 EU WG%sT
+Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
+ -4:00 Thule A%sT
+
+# Estonia
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
+#
+# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
+# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
+# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
+# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
+#
+# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
+# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
+# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
+# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
+# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
+# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
+# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
+# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
+# summer time next spring."
+
+# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
+# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
+# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
+# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
+# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
+#
+# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
+# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
+# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
+
+# From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)
+# via Steffen Thorsen:
+# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
+# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
+# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
+# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
+# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
+# after that.
+
+# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
+# Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
+# No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
+# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
+
+# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
+# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
+# Now we are using again EU rules.
+#
+# From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
+# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
+ 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
+ 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
+ 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00
+ 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+
+# Finland
+
+# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
+# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
+# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
+
+# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
+#
+# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
+# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
+# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
+# according to the central European standards.
+#
+# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
+# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
+# Finnish) at
+# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
+#
+# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
+# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
+#
+# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
+# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
+#
+# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
+# exist tonight."
+
+# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):
+# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
+# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
+# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
+# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
+# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
+# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
+# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
+# Go with Oja over Shanks.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S
+Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 -
+Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
+
+# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
+# round to nearest.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31
+ 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
+ 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+
+# Åland Is
+Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
+
+
+# France
+
+# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
+#
+# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions
+# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
+#
+# Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel,
+# Paris, 1991
+#
+# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie,
+# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987
+
+
+#
+# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
+Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
+Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
+Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
+# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
+# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
+# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
+Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
+Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
+# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
+# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
+# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez,
+# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La
+# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
+# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
+# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois,
+# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
+Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
+# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
+# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
+# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
+# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
+Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
+Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
+Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
+Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
+Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
+Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
+Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
+# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
+# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
+Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
+# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
+# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
+# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
+# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
+# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
+ 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
+# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
+# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
+ 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
+ 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Germany
+
+# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
+# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
+# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
+# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
+
+# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
+# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
+# http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
+# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
+# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
+# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
+# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
+# this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04.
+
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
+# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Go with the PTB.
+Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
+Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
+Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
+
+Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
+Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
+Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00
+ 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946
+ 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
+# Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
+# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
+# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
+# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
+# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
+#
+# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
+# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
+# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
+
+Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
+
+# Georgia
+# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
+# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
+# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
+
+# Gibraltar
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
+ 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
+ 1:00 - CET 1982
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Greece
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
+# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
+# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
+Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
+# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
+Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
+Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
+Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
+Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
+ 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
+ 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
+ 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
+ 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
+ # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
+ # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+
+# Hungary
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
+# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
+# Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945.
+# National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29).
+# http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html
+# This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks
+# & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates).
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
+Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 -
+Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
+Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
+Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
+ 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
+ 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Iceland
+#
+# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
+# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
+#
+# (1993-12-05):
+# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
+# Iceland Almanak.
+#
+# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
+# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
+# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
+# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
+#
+# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
+# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
+# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
+# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
+#
+# (1993-12-10):
+# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
+# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
+# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
+# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
+# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
+# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
+# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
+# might mean something else (???).
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22):
+# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see
+# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 S
+# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
+Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
+# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
+Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
+# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
+Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
+ -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
+ 0:00 - GMT
+
+# Italy
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
+# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
+# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
+# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
+# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
+# so record only the time in Rome.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
+# F. Pollastri
+# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
+# http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html
+# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
+# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
+#
+# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
+# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
+# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
+# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
+# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
+# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
+# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
+# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
+# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
+# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
+# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
+# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
+# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
+# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
+# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
+# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
+Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
+ 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
+Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
+
+# Latvia
+
+# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
+
+# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
+# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
+# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
+# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
+#
+# Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
+# according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
+# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
+# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
+# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
+#
+# Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
+# according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
+# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
+# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
+# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
+# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
+#
+# Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
+# according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
+# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
+# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
+# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
+# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
+# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
+# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
+# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
+# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
+#
+# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
+# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
+# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
+
+# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
+# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
+# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
+# 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>,
+# in Latvian for subscribers only).
+
+# From RFE/RL Newsline
+# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html
+# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
+# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
+# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
+# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
+# clocks one hour in the spring....
+# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few
+# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
+# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
+# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
+# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
+# appears that they will not do so....
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+
+# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34.
+# Go with Byalokoz.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880
+ 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT
+ 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST
+ 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
+ 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
+ 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11
+ 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
+ 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
+ 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+
+# Liechtenstein
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
+# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
+
+# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18):
+# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf
+# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942.
+# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs:
+# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein
+# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on
+# central European time was in force throughout the year.
+# From a report of the duke's government to the high council,
+# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977.
+
+Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
+
+
+# Lithuania
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
+# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
+# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
+
+# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
+# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
+# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
+
+# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>,
+# via Steffen Thorsen:
+# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
+# to be valid here starting from October 31,
+# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
+# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
+# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
+# already done by Estonia.
+
+# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
+# <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27):
+# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
+
+# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
+# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
+# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
+# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
+# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
+# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
+# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
+
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
+ 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
+ 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
+ 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
+ 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
+ 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
+ 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
+ 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+
+# Luxembourg
+# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
+# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
+Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
+Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
+Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
+Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
+Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
+Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
+Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
+Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
+ 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
+ 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
+ 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
+ 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Macedonia
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
+
+# Malta
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
+Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
+ 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
+ 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Moldova
+
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
+# the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04
+# http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2
+# ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR
+# time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt
+# plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be
+# adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer"
+# time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and
+# reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
+# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
+# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
+# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
+# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
+# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
+# But [two people] separately reported via
+# Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
+# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
+#
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
+# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
+# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
+# to the Winter Time).
+#
+# News (in Russian):
+# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
+# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
+#
+# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
+# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
+# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
+# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
+#
+# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
+#
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
+# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
+# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
+# decision to abolish DST this winter.
+# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
+# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
+# News from Moldova (in russian):
+# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
+
+# From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02):
+# http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01):
+# The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that
+# 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also,
+# http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara
+# says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time.
+# Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
+ 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
+ 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
+ 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 May 6 2:00
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
+# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
+ 2:00 Moldova EE%sT
+
+# Monaco
+# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
+# more precise 0:09:21.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
+ 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
+ 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Montenegro
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
+
+# Netherlands
+
+# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
+# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
+
+# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
+# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
+# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
+# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
+# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
+# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
+# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
+# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
+# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
+#
+# (2001-04-08):
+# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
+# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
+# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
+#
+# (2001-04-09):
+# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
+# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
+# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
+# actually followed.
+#
+# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
+# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
+# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
+# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
+# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
+#
+# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
+# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
+# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
+# Amsterdam mean time.
+
+# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
+# http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
+Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
+Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
+Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
+Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
+Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
+# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
+# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
+Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
+Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
+#
+# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
+# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
+ 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
+ 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Norway
+# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
+# Pottenger.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
+Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
+ 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
+ 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
+# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
+# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
+# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
+# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
+# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
+# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and
+# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation
+# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
+# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
+# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
+# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been
+# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
+# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by
+# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
+# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
+# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
+# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
+#
+# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
+# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
+# keeping Berlin time.
+#
+# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
+# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
+# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
+# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
+# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
+# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
+# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
+#
+# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
+# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
+# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
+# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
+# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
+# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
+# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html
+# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
+# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
+#
+# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
+# for these regions.
+Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
+
+# Poland
+
+# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
+# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
+# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
+# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
+# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
+# Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
+# http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
+# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
+# He also gives these further references:
+# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
+# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
+Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
+ 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
+ 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
+ 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
+ 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977
+ 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Portugal
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
+# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
+# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees
+# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for
+# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira.
+#
+# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
+# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
+# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
+#
+# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
+# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
+# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
+# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
+# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
+# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
+# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
+# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
+# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
+# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
+# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
+# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
+Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
+# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
+# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
+# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
+Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
+# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
+# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
+# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
+Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
+Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
+Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
+Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
+# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
+ -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
+ 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
+ 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
+ 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+ 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT
+Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
+ -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time
+ -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
+ -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+ -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
+ -1:00 EU AZO%sT
+Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
+ -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time
+ -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
+ 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT
+
+# Romania
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
+# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
+# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
+# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
+# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
+# the same year as Bulgaria.
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
+Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
+Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
+ 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
+ 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
+ 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
+ 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+
+
+# Russia
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
+# Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011
+# (Government document
+# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
+# in Russian)
+# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
+# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
+# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
+
+# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
+# Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
+# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
+# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
+# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
+# changed in September 2011:
+#
+# One source is
+# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
+# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
+# 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
+#
+# Another source is
+# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
+# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
+# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
+# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
+# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
+# does not contain any "effective date" information.
+#
+# Another source is
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
+# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011...
+# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
+# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
+#
+# The Wikipedia article refers to
+# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
+# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
+#
+# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
+# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
+# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
+# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
+# Conradi notes).
+#
+# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
+#
+# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
+# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
+# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
+# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
+# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new
+# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
+# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
+# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
+# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
+# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
+#
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
+# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
+# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
+# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
+# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
+# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this:
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
+# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
+# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
+# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
+#
+# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
+# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
+# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
+# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
+# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
+#
+# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
+# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
+# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
+# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
+# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
+#
+# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
+# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
+# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
+# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
+#
+# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
+# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
+# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
+# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
+# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
+# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
+#
+# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
+# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
+# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the
+# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
+# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
+# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
+# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
+# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
+# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
+# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
+# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
+# listing. The region codes listed come from
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
+# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
+# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
+# divisions where available.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
+# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
+
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
+# http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni
+# confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented.
+# (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that
+# summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But
+# 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.)
+# ...
+# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
+# says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided
+# at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to
+# Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19.
+
+Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
+ 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 3:00 - +03 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 2:00 - EET
+
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and
+# Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Europe/Moscow covers...
+# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
+# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
+# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
+# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
+# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
+# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
+# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
+# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
+# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
+# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
+# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
+# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
+# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
+# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
+# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
+# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
+# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
+# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
+# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
+# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast
+# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast
+# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
+# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
+# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
+# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
+# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
+# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
+# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
+# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
+# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
+# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
+# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
+# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
+# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
+# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
+# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
+# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
+# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
+# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
+# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
+# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
+# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
+# 77 RU-MOW Moscow
+# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
+# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
+# The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919. Decree No. 59
+# (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time
+# zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854
+# specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT.
+# No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date;
+# later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are
+# taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks.
+# (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.)
+
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
+# 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982.
+# Wikipedia refers to
+# http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html
+# http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm
+#
+# The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn
+# magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to
+# the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the
+# same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses
+# time belt changes map).
+#
+# The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to
+# introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt
+# border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous
+# Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka
+# according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that
+# "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time
+# belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on
+# 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was
+# supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2
+# hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01
+# is also provided.
+#
+# The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems
+# and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not
+# moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan,
+# Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian,
+# Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol
+# krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo,
+# Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and
+# Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky
+# district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous
+# Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end
+# up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow
+# time.
+#
+# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
+# attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers
+# of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds
+# Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky
+# district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. Probably erroneously.
+#
+# The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow,
+# Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk.
+#
+# 12. Udmurtia
+# The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i
+# Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from
+# Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act.
+# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
+# implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01.
+# Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991.
+#
+# ...
+#
+# All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at
+# 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1
+# change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia).
+#
+# There were some exceptions, though.
+# Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd,
+# Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992
+# change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some
+# lists found in the internet are quite wild.)
+#
+# And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment.
+# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
+# says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the
+# 1991-03-31 switch and one person at
+# http://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html
+# says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception
+# 2 days before the switch.
+#
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the
+# chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries
+# should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the
+# time in Moscow.
+
+# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
+# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
+# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
+# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
+# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
+# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
+# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
+# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
+# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
+# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
+# 2:31:19 ...
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
+# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
+# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
+# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
+# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
+
+Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
+ 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
+ 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
+ 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
+ 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 3:00 - MSK
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Europe/Simferopol covers...
+# ** **** Crimea, Republic of
+# ** **** Sevastopol
+
+Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
+ 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
+ 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
+ 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
+ 2:00 - EET 1992
+# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
+# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
+# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
+# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
+# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
+# changed in May.
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
+# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
+ 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s
+ 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
+# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
+# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
+ 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
+# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
+# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
+# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
+# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
+# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
+ 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 3:00 - MSK
+
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# Europe/Astrakhan covers:
+# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
+#
+# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12):
+# On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation
+# Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time)....
+# This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00.
+# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
+
+Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May
+ 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
+ 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 4:00 - +04
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# Europe/Volgograd covers:
+# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
+# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
+# The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
+
+Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
+ 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
+ 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11
+ 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 3:00 - +03
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# Europe/Kirov covers:
+# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
+# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
+#
+Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
+ 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
+ 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 3:00 - +03
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Europe/Samara covers...
+# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
+# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
+# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
+
+Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
+ 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
+ 4:00 - +04 1935 Jan 27
+ 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
+ 3:00 - +03 1991 Oct 20 3:00
+ 4:00 Russia +04/+05 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 4:00 - +04
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# Europe/Ulyanovsk covers:
+# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
+
+# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
+# Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am.
+# Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ...
+# 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading.
+# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051
+
+Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
+ 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
+ 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 4:00 - +04
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
+# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
+# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
+# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
+# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
+# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
+# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
+# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
+# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
+# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
+#
+# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
+# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
+
+# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
+# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
+# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
+# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
+
+Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3
+ 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
+ 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
+ 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 5:00 Russia +05/+06 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 6:00 - +06 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 5:00 - +05
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Omsk covers...
+# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
+
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
+
+Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
+ 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
+ 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 6:00 - +06
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22):
+# Asia/Barnaul covers:
+# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
+# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
+
+# Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
+
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
+# Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25
+# http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
+# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
+# 1995-05-28.
+#
+# http://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
+# has some historical data for Altai Krai:
+# before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7
+# after 1957: UTC+7
+# since 1995: UTC+6
+# http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
+# confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
+# Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones
+# by March 27, 2016 at 2am....
+# Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ...
+# Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7)
+# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038
+
+Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10
+ 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
+ 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28
+ 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 7:00 - +07
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# Asia/Novosibirsk covers:
+# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
+
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30):
+# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6
+# moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7.
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04):
+# The law was signed yesterday and published today on
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064
+
+Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
+ 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
+ 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
+ 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 6:00 - +06 2016 Jul 24 2:00s
+ 7:00 - +07
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# Asia/Tomsk covers:
+# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
+
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24):
+# Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51.
+
+# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
+# Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow.
+
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19):
+# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743
+# (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time)
+# / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ...
+# Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their
+# GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally
+# belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced
+# with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a
+# 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014).
+
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12):
+# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6
+# This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast
+# from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at
+# 2:00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by
+# the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President
+# and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected
+# before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the
+# recent changes).
+#
+# Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws,
+# the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule
+# http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/
+# http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303
+# I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the
+# bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday,
+# approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and
+# published as a law around 2016-04-26.
+
+# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26):
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048
+
+Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22
+ 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
+ 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00
+ 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 6:00 - +06 2016 May 29 2:00s
+ 7:00 - +07
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
+# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
+# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
+# March 28, 2010:
+# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
+# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
+#
+# This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September
+# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
+# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
+#
+# Russian Government web site (Russian language)
+# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
+# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
+# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
+#
+# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
+# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
+# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
+# realigning itself with KRAT.
+
+Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1
+ 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
+ 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 7:00 - +07
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
+# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
+# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
+# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
+#
+# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
+# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
+
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
+
+Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
+ 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
+ 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 8:00 - +08 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 7:00 - +07
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Irkutsk covers...
+# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
+# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
+#
+# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
+# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
+
+# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15.
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05.
+# Go with Byalokoz.
+
+Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880
+ 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
+ 7:00 - +07 1930 Jun 21
+ 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 8:00 Russia +08/+09 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 9:00 - +09 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 8:00 - +08
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
+# Asia/Chita covers...
+# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
+#
+# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
+# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02):
+# [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) -
+# Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will
+# be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am....
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107
+
+Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
+ 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
+ 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 8:00 - +08 2016 Mar 27 2:00
+ 9:00 - +09
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# Asia/Yakutsk covers...
+# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
+#
+# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-02 **** Aldansky District
+# 14-04 **** Amginsky District
+# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
+# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
+# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District
+# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District
+# 14-11 **** Gorny District
+# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District
+# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District
+# 14-14 **** Lensky District
+# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District
+# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District
+# 14-18 **** Namsky District
+# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District
+# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District
+# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District
+# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District
+# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District
+# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District
+# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District
+# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District
+# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District
+# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
+# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
+# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
+
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
+
+Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
+ 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
+ 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 9:00 - +09
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# Asia/Vladivostok covers...
+# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
+# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
+# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
+#
+# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District
+# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District
+
+# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5.
+# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31.
+# Go with Byalokoz.
+
+Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
+ 9:00 - +09 1930 Jun 21
+ 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 10:00 - +10
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
+# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
+# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
+# in 2011.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
+# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
+# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
+# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
+
+Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
+ 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
+ 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2004
+ 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 11:00 - +11 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
+ 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 9:00 - +09
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Sakhalin covers...
+# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
+# ...with the exception of:
+# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
+
+# From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22):
+# Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
+# (2016-03-09):
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044
+
+# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
+Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
+ 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 25
+ 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T
+ 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
+ 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 10:00 - +10 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 11:00 - +11
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
+# Asia/Magadan covers...
+# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
+# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
+# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
+# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
+# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will
+# need their own zone.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27):
+# ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
+# will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock
+#
+# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05):
+# ... signed by the President today ...
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038
+
+Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
+ 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 10:00 - +10 2016 Apr 24 2:00s
+ 11:00 - +11
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
+# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-01 **** Abyysky District
+# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
+# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District
+# 14-17 **** Momsky District
+# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District
+# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District
+#
+# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
+# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
+# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
+# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
+# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
+# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
+# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
+# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
+# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
+# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
+#
+# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
+# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently
+# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
+# each! (Yikes!)
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
+# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
+#
+# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
+# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
+# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
+# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of
+# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
+# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
+# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
+# Go with Srednekolymsk.
+
+Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21
+ 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 11:00 - +11
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
+# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
+# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
+# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
+# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
+# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
+# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
+# UTC+12 since at least then, too.
+
+Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
+ 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
+ 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1981 Apr 1
+ 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 12:00 - +12 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
+ 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
+ 10:00 - +10
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# Asia/Kamchatka covers...
+# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
+#
+# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
+# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
+
+# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
+# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
+Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
+ 11:00 - +11 1930 Jun 21
+ 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 12:00 - +12
+
+
+# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
+# Asia/Anadyr covers...
+# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
+
+Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 12:00 - +12 1930 Jun 21
+ 13:00 Russia +13/+14 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
+ 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
+ 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
+ 12:00 - +12
+
+
+# San Marino
+# See Europe/Rome.
+
+# Serbia
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
+ 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
+ 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
+# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
+# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
+# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
+ 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
+
+# Slovakia
+Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
+
+# Slovenia
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
+
+# Spain
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
+# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
+# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
+# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
+# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
+# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
+# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
+Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
+# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
+Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
+Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
+Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
+Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
+Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
+Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
+# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
+Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
+Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
+Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s
+ 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
+ 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
+ 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
+ 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
+ 0:00 - WET 1924
+ 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
+ 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
+ 1:00 - CET 1986
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
+ -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T
+ 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
+ 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u
+ 0:00 EU WE%sT
+# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
+# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
+
+# Sweden
+
+# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
+#
+# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
+# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
+# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
+# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
+# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
+#
+# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
+# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
+# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
+#
+# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
+# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
+# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
+# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
+# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
+# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
+# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
+# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
+#
+# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
+# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
+# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
+# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
+#
+# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
+# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
+# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
+# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
+# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
+# the Sök-button).
+#
+# (2001-05-13):
+#
+# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
+# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
+# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
+# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
+# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
+# hour before the event took place.
+#
+# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
+ 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
+ 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00
+ 1:00 - CET 1980
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Switzerland
+# From Howse:
+# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
+# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
+# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
+# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
+# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
+# From Shanks & Pottenger:
+# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+
+# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
+# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.
+#
+# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
+# to be wrong. This is now verified.
+#
+# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
+# government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
+# federal law collection)...
+#
+# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
+# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
+#
+# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am
+# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am
+#
+# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.
+# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law
+# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any
+# other years are made.
+#
+# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
+# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
+# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
+# a thing had happened in Switzerland.
+#
+# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de
+# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
+# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
+# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
+#
+# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
+# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
+# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
+#
+# The 1940 rules must be deleted.
+#
+# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
+# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
+# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
+# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
+# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
+# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
+#
+# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
+# The Federal regulations say
+# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
+# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
+# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
+
+# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
+# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893)
+# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353
+# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
+# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
+# hour before the beginning of service.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
+# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
+#
+# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
+# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book:
+#
+# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
+# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
+# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
+#
+# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
+# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the
+# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
+# "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
+# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
+# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
+# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
+# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
+# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
+# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
+# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
+ 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
+ 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
+ 1:00 EU CE%sT
+
+# Turkey
+
+# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
+# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
+# ... The latest rules are available at:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
+# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
+# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure
+# what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
+# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm
+# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT
+# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM
+# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016
+# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021
+# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):
+# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
+# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
+# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
+# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
+# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
+# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
+# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
+# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
+# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
+
+# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
+# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
+# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
+# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
+# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
+# Turkish:
+# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
+
+# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
+# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
+# Turkish Local election....
+# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
+# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
+# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
+# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
+# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
+# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
+# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
+# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See:
+# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
+# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
+# I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
+
+# From Fatih (2015-09-29):
+# It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy.
+# Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00
+# http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217
+#
+# From BBC News (2015-10-25):
+# Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a
+# government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan
+# Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan.
+# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326
+
+# From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08):
+# Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter....
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07):
+# The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey.
+# It takes effect today, which is not much notice.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
+# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
+# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
+# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
+Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
+Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
+ 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
+ 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
+ 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1985 Apr 20
+ 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
+ 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
+ 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7
+ 3:00 - +03
+Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
+
+# Ukraine
+#
+# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
+# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
+# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government
+# regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
+# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
+# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
+# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
+# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
+# abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
+#
+# Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
+# approval from 266 deputies.
+#
+# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
+# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
+#
+# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
+# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
+#
+# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
+# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
+#
+# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
+# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
+# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
+# time this year after all.
+#
+# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
+# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone
+# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
+# to Russia) was reverted today:
+# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
+#
+# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
+# The law documents themselves are at
+# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
+
+# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
+# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST:
+# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST
+# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
+# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134.
+# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html
+#
+# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law,
+# "summer time" was still in action):
+# 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
+# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272.
+# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html
+#
+# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action):
+# 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
+#
+# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended):
+# 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST
+# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225.
+# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm
+# This is an answer.
+#
+# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure:
+# 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started
+# 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended
+# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
+# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
+# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
+# "Kiev" is more common in English.
+Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
+ 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
+ 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
+ 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
+# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
+# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
+Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
+ 1:00 - CET 1940
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
+ 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
+ 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
+ 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
+ 2:00 - EET 1992
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
+# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
+# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
+# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
+# portable Posix file names.
+Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
+ 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
+ 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
+ 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
+ 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
+ 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
+ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
+
+# Vatican City
+# See Europe/Rome.
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
+# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
+# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
+#
+# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
+# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
+# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
+# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
+# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
+# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
+
+# ...
+# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
+# From: Tom Hofmann
+# ...
+#
+# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
+# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only
+# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
+# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
+# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
+# years...
+# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
+# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
+# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
+# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
+#
+# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
+# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
+#
+# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
+# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
+# ...
+
+# ...
+# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
+# From: Dik T. Winter
+# ...
+#
+# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
+# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
+# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
+#
+# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
+# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
+# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
+# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
+# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
+# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
+# dates...
+#
+# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
+# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
+# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
+# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
+# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
+# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
+# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
+# in advance of normal time.
+#
+# ...
+# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
+# ...
+
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
+# ...
+# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
+# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
+# ...
+# Monaco: has same DST as France.
+# ...
Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/europe
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Index: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/factory
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/factory (nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/factory (revision 306848)
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+# For distributors who don't want to put time zone specification in
+# their installation procedures. Users that run 'date' will get the
+# time zone abbreviation "-00", indicating that the actual time zone
+# is unknown.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT
+Zone Factory 0 - -00
Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/factory
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Index: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/iso3166.tab
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/iso3166.tab (nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/iso3166.tab (revision 306848)
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+# ISO 3166 alpha-2 country codes
+#
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-05-02):
+# This file contains a table of two-letter country codes. Columns are
+# separated by a single tab. Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
+# All text uses UTF-8 encoding. The columns of the table are as follows:
+#
+# 1. ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code, current as of
+# ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-16 (2013-07-11). See: Updates on ISO 3166
+# http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/country_codes/updates_on_iso_3166.htm
+# 2. The usual English name for the coded region,
+# chosen so that alphabetic sorting of subsets produces helpful lists.
+# This is not the same as the English name in the ISO 3166 tables.
+#
+# The table is sorted by country code.
+#
+# This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
+# zone data appropriate for their practical needs. It is not intended
+# to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
+#
+#country-
+#code name of country, territory, area, or subdivision
+AD Andorra
+AE United Arab Emirates
+AF Afghanistan
+AG Antigua & Barbuda
+AI Anguilla
+AL Albania
+AM Armenia
+AO Angola
+AQ Antarctica
+AR Argentina
+AS Samoa (American)
+AT Austria
+AU Australia
+AW Aruba
+AX Åland Islands
+AZ Azerbaijan
+BA Bosnia & Herzegovina
+BB Barbados
+BD Bangladesh
+BE Belgium
+BF Burkina Faso
+BG Bulgaria
+BH Bahrain
+BI Burundi
+BJ Benin
+BL St Barthelemy
+BM Bermuda
+BN Brunei
+BO Bolivia
+BQ Caribbean NL
+BR Brazil
+BS Bahamas
+BT Bhutan
+BV Bouvet Island
+BW Botswana
+BY Belarus
+BZ Belize
+CA Canada
+CC Cocos (Keeling) Islands
+CD Congo (Dem. Rep.)
+CF Central African Rep.
+CG Congo (Rep.)
+CH Switzerland
+CI Côte d'Ivoire
+CK Cook Islands
+CL Chile
+CM Cameroon
+CN China
+CO Colombia
+CR Costa Rica
+CU Cuba
+CV Cape Verde
+CW Curacao
+CX Christmas Island
+CY Cyprus
+CZ Czech Republic
+DE Germany
+DJ Djibouti
+DK Denmark
+DM Dominica
+DO Dominican Republic
+DZ Algeria
+EC Ecuador
+EE Estonia
+EG Egypt
+EH Western Sahara
+ER Eritrea
+ES Spain
+ET Ethiopia
+FI Finland
+FJ Fiji
+FK Falkland Islands
+FM Micronesia
+FO Faroe Islands
+FR France
+GA Gabon
+GB Britain (UK)
+GD Grenada
+GE Georgia
+GF French Guiana
+GG Guernsey
+GH Ghana
+GI Gibraltar
+GL Greenland
+GM Gambia
+GN Guinea
+GP Guadeloupe
+GQ Equatorial Guinea
+GR Greece
+GS South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands
+GT Guatemala
+GU Guam
+GW Guinea-Bissau
+GY Guyana
+HK Hong Kong
+HM Heard Island & McDonald Islands
+HN Honduras
+HR Croatia
+HT Haiti
+HU Hungary
+ID Indonesia
+IE Ireland
+IL Israel
+IM Isle of Man
+IN India
+IO British Indian Ocean Territory
+IQ Iraq
+IR Iran
+IS Iceland
+IT Italy
+JE Jersey
+JM Jamaica
+JO Jordan
+JP Japan
+KE Kenya
+KG Kyrgyzstan
+KH Cambodia
+KI Kiribati
+KM Comoros
+KN St Kitts & Nevis
+KP Korea (North)
+KR Korea (South)
+KW Kuwait
+KY Cayman Islands
+KZ Kazakhstan
+LA Laos
+LB Lebanon
+LC St Lucia
+LI Liechtenstein
+LK Sri Lanka
+LR Liberia
+LS Lesotho
+LT Lithuania
+LU Luxembourg
+LV Latvia
+LY Libya
+MA Morocco
+MC Monaco
+MD Moldova
+ME Montenegro
+MF St Martin (French)
+MG Madagascar
+MH Marshall Islands
+MK Macedonia
+ML Mali
+MM Myanmar (Burma)
+MN Mongolia
+MO Macau
+MP Northern Mariana Islands
+MQ Martinique
+MR Mauritania
+MS Montserrat
+MT Malta
+MU Mauritius
+MV Maldives
+MW Malawi
+MX Mexico
+MY Malaysia
+MZ Mozambique
+NA Namibia
+NC New Caledonia
+NE Niger
+NF Norfolk Island
+NG Nigeria
+NI Nicaragua
+NL Netherlands
+NO Norway
+NP Nepal
+NR Nauru
+NU Niue
+NZ New Zealand
+OM Oman
+PA Panama
+PE Peru
+PF French Polynesia
+PG Papua New Guinea
+PH Philippines
+PK Pakistan
+PL Poland
+PM St Pierre & Miquelon
+PN Pitcairn
+PR Puerto Rico
+PS Palestine
+PT Portugal
+PW Palau
+PY Paraguay
+QA Qatar
+RE Réunion
+RO Romania
+RS Serbia
+RU Russia
+RW Rwanda
+SA Saudi Arabia
+SB Solomon Islands
+SC Seychelles
+SD Sudan
+SE Sweden
+SG Singapore
+SH St Helena
+SI Slovenia
+SJ Svalbard & Jan Mayen
+SK Slovakia
+SL Sierra Leone
+SM San Marino
+SN Senegal
+SO Somalia
+SR Suriname
+SS South Sudan
+ST Sao Tome & Principe
+SV El Salvador
+SX St Maarten (Dutch)
+SY Syria
+SZ Swaziland
+TC Turks & Caicos Is
+TD Chad
+TF French Southern & Antarctic Lands
+TG Togo
+TH Thailand
+TJ Tajikistan
+TK Tokelau
+TL East Timor
+TM Turkmenistan
+TN Tunisia
+TO Tonga
+TR Turkey
+TT Trinidad & Tobago
+TV Tuvalu
+TW Taiwan
+TZ Tanzania
+UA Ukraine
+UG Uganda
+UM US minor outlying islands
+US United States
+UY Uruguay
+UZ Uzbekistan
+VA Vatican City
+VC St Vincent
+VE Venezuela
+VG Virgin Islands (UK)
+VI Virgin Islands (US)
+VN Vietnam
+VU Vanuatu
+WF Wallis & Futuna
+WS Samoa (western)
+YE Yemen
+YT Mayotte
+ZA South Africa
+ZM Zambia
+ZW Zimbabwe
Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/iso3166.tab
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Index: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/leap-seconds.list
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/leap-seconds.list (nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/leap-seconds.list (revision 306848)
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+#
+# In the following text, the symbol '#' introduces
+# a comment, which continues from that symbol until
+# the end of the line. A plain comment line has a
+# whitespace character following the comment indicator.
+# There are also special comment lines defined below.
+# A special comment will always have a non-whitespace
+# character in column 2.
+#
+# A blank line should be ignored.
+#
+# The following table shows the corrections that must
+# be applied to compute International Atomic Time (TAI)
+# from the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) values that
+# are transmitted by almost all time services.
+#
+# The first column shows an epoch as a number of seconds
+# since 1 January 1900, 00:00:00 (1900.0 is also used to
+# indicate the same epoch.) Both of these time stamp formats
+# ignore the complexities of the time scales that were
+# used before the current definition of UTC at the start
+# of 1972. (See note 3 below.)
+# The second column shows the number of seconds that
+# must be added to UTC to compute TAI for any timestamp
+# at or after that epoch. The value on each line is
+# valid from the indicated initial instant until the
+# epoch given on the next one or indefinitely into the
+# future if there is no next line.
+# (The comment on each line shows the representation of
+# the corresponding initial epoch in the usual
+# day-month-year format. The epoch always begins at
+# 00:00:00 UTC on the indicated day. See Note 5 below.)
+#
+# Important notes:
+#
+# 1. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is often referred to
+# as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). The GMT time scale is no
+# longer used, and the use of GMT to designate UTC is
+# discouraged.
+#
+# 2. The UTC time scale is realized by many national
+# laboratories and timing centers. Each laboratory
+# identifies its realization with its name: Thus
+# UTC(NIST), UTC(USNO), etc. The differences among
+# these different realizations are typically on the
+# order of a few nanoseconds (i.e., 0.000 000 00x s)
+# and can be ignored for many purposes. These differences
+# are tabulated in Circular T, which is published monthly
+# by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures
+# (BIPM). See www.bipm.org for more information.
+#
+# 3. The current definition of the relationship between UTC
+# and TAI dates from 1 January 1972. A number of different
+# time scales were in use before that epoch, and it can be
+# quite difficult to compute precise timestamps and time
+# intervals in those "prehistoric" days. For more information,
+# consult:
+#
+# The Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical
+# Ephemeris.
+# or
+# Terry Quinn, "The BIPM and the Accurate Measurement
+# of Time," Proc. of the IEEE, Vol. 79, pp. 894-905,
+# July, 1991.
+#
+# 4. The decision to insert a leap second into UTC is currently
+# the responsibility of the International Earth Rotation and
+# Reference Systems Service. (The name was changed from the
+# International Earth Rotation Service, but the acronym IERS
+# is still used.)
+#
+# Leap seconds are announced by the IERS in its Bulletin C.
+#
+# See www.iers.org for more details.
+#
+# Every national laboratory and timing center uses the
+# data from the BIPM and the IERS to construct UTC(lab),
+# their local realization of UTC.
+#
+# Although the definition also includes the possibility
+# of dropping seconds ("negative" leap seconds), this has
+# never been done and is unlikely to be necessary in the
+# foreseeable future.
+#
+# 5. If your system keeps time as the number of seconds since
+# some epoch (e.g., NTP timestamps), then the algorithm for
+# assigning a UTC time stamp to an event that happens during a positive
+# leap second is not well defined. The official name of that leap
+# second is 23:59:60, but there is no way of representing that time
+# in these systems.
+# Many systems of this type effectively stop the system clock for
+# one second during the leap second and use a time that is equivalent
+# to 23:59:59 UTC twice. For these systems, the corresponding TAI
+# timestamp would be obtained by advancing to the next entry in the
+# following table when the time equivalent to 23:59:59 UTC
+# is used for the second time. Thus the leap second which
+# occurred on 30 June 1972 at 23:59:59 UTC would have TAI
+# timestamps computed as follows:
+#
+# ...
+# 30 June 1972 23:59:59 (2287785599, first time): TAI= UTC + 10 seconds
+# 30 June 1972 23:59:60 (2287785599,second time): TAI= UTC + 11 seconds
+# 1 July 1972 00:00:00 (2287785600) TAI= UTC + 11 seconds
+# ...
+#
+# If your system realizes the leap second by repeating 00:00:00 UTC twice
+# (this is possible but not usual), then the advance to the next entry
+# in the table must occur the second time that a time equivalent to
+# 00:00:00 UTC is used. Thus, using the same example as above:
+#
+# ...
+# 30 June 1972 23:59:59 (2287785599): TAI= UTC + 10 seconds
+# 30 June 1972 23:59:60 (2287785600, first time): TAI= UTC + 10 seconds
+# 1 July 1972 00:00:00 (2287785600,second time): TAI= UTC + 11 seconds
+# ...
+#
+# in both cases the use of timestamps based on TAI produces a smooth
+# time scale with no discontinuity in the time interval. However,
+# although the long-term behavior of the time scale is correct in both
+# methods, the second method is technically not correct because it adds
+# the extra second to the wrong day.
+#
+# This complexity would not be needed for negative leap seconds (if they
+# are ever used). The UTC time would skip 23:59:59 and advance from
+# 23:59:58 to 00:00:00 in that case. The TAI offset would decrease by
+# 1 second at the same instant. This is a much easier situation to deal
+# with, since the difficulty of unambiguously representing the epoch
+# during the leap second does not arise.
+#
+# Some systems implement leap seconds by amortizing the leap second
+# over the last few minutes of the day. The frequency of the local
+# clock is decreased (or increased) to realize the positive (or
+# negative) leap second. This method removes the time step described
+# above. Although the long-term behavior of the time scale is correct
+# in this case, this method introduces an error during the adjustment
+# period both in time and in frequency with respect to the official
+# definition of UTC.
+#
+# Questions or comments to:
+# Judah Levine
+# Time and Frequency Division
+# NIST
+# Boulder, Colorado
+# Judah.Levine@nist.gov
+#
+# Last Update of leap second values: 8 July 2016
+#
+# The following line shows this last update date in NTP timestamp
+# format. This is the date on which the most recent change to
+# the leap second data was added to the file. This line can
+# be identified by the unique pair of characters in the first two
+# columns as shown below.
+#
+#$ 3676924800
+#
+# The NTP timestamps are in units of seconds since the NTP epoch,
+# which is 1 January 1900, 00:00:00. The Modified Julian Day number
+# corresponding to the NTP time stamp, X, can be computed as
+#
+# X/86400 + 15020
+#
+# where the first term converts seconds to days and the second
+# term adds the MJD corresponding to the time origin defined above.
+# The integer portion of the result is the integer MJD for that
+# day, and any remainder is the time of day, expressed as the
+# fraction of the day since 0 hours UTC. The conversion from day
+# fraction to seconds or to hours, minutes, and seconds may involve
+# rounding or truncation, depending on the method used in the
+# computation.
+#
+# The data in this file will be updated periodically as new leap
+# seconds are announced. In addition to being entered on the line
+# above, the update time (in NTP format) will be added to the basic
+# file name leap-seconds to form the name leap-seconds.<NTP TIME>.
+# In addition, the generic name leap-seconds.list will always point to
+# the most recent version of the file.
+#
+# This update procedure will be performed only when a new leap second
+# is announced.
+#
+# The following entry specifies the expiration date of the data
+# in this file in units of seconds since the origin at the instant
+# 1 January 1900, 00:00:00. This expiration date will be changed
+# at least twice per year whether or not a new leap second is
+# announced. These semi-annual changes will be made no later
+# than 1 June and 1 December of each year to indicate what
+# action (if any) is to be taken on 30 June and 31 December,
+# respectively. (These are the customary effective dates for new
+# leap seconds.) This expiration date will be identified by a
+# unique pair of characters in columns 1 and 2 as shown below.
+# In the unlikely event that a leap second is announced with an
+# effective date other than 30 June or 31 December, then this
+# file will be edited to include that leap second as soon as it is
+# announced or at least one month before the effective date
+# (whichever is later).
+# If an announcement by the IERS specifies that no leap second is
+# scheduled, then only the expiration date of the file will
+# be advanced to show that the information in the file is still
+# current -- the update time stamp, the data and the name of the file
+# will not change.
+#
+# Updated through IERS Bulletin C52
+# File expires on: 28 June 2017
+#
+#@ 3707596800
+#
+2272060800 10 # 1 Jan 1972
+2287785600 11 # 1 Jul 1972
+2303683200 12 # 1 Jan 1973
+2335219200 13 # 1 Jan 1974
+2366755200 14 # 1 Jan 1975
+2398291200 15 # 1 Jan 1976
+2429913600 16 # 1 Jan 1977
+2461449600 17 # 1 Jan 1978
+2492985600 18 # 1 Jan 1979
+2524521600 19 # 1 Jan 1980
+2571782400 20 # 1 Jul 1981
+2603318400 21 # 1 Jul 1982
+2634854400 22 # 1 Jul 1983
+2698012800 23 # 1 Jul 1985
+2776982400 24 # 1 Jan 1988
+2840140800 25 # 1 Jan 1990
+2871676800 26 # 1 Jan 1991
+2918937600 27 # 1 Jul 1992
+2950473600 28 # 1 Jul 1993
+2982009600 29 # 1 Jul 1994
+3029443200 30 # 1 Jan 1996
+3076704000 31 # 1 Jul 1997
+3124137600 32 # 1 Jan 1999
+3345062400 33 # 1 Jan 2006
+3439756800 34 # 1 Jan 2009
+3550089600 35 # 1 Jul 2012
+3644697600 36 # 1 Jul 2015
+3692217600 37 # 1 Jan 2017
+#
+# the following special comment contains the
+# hash value of the data in this file computed
+# use the secure hash algorithm as specified
+# by FIPS 180-1. See the files in ~/pub/sha for
+# the details of how this hash value is
+# computed. Note that the hash computation
+# ignores comments and whitespace characters
+# in data lines. It includes the NTP values
+# of both the last modification time and the
+# expiration time of the file, but not the
+# white space on those lines.
+# the hash line is also ignored in the
+# computation.
+#
+#h dacf2c42 2c4765d6 3c797af8 2cf630eb 699c8c67
Index: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/leapseconds
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/leapseconds (nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/leapseconds (revision 306848)
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# Allowance for leap seconds added to each time zone file.
+
+# This file is in the public domain.
+
+# This file is generated automatically from the data in the public-domain
+# leap-seconds.list file available from most NIST time servers.
+# If the URL <ftp://time.nist.gov/pub/leap-seconds.list> does not work,
+# you should be able to pick up leap-seconds.list from a secondary NIST server.
+# See <http://tf.nist.gov/tf-cgi/servers.cgi> for a list of secondary servers.
+# For more about leap-seconds.list, please see
+# The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds
+# http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/leap.html
+
+# The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
+# periodically uses leap seconds to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
+# (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space); see
+# Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time,
+# Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.84965>.
+# There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism
+# accounting for the discrepancy between atomic time and the earth's rotation
+# did not exist until the early 1970s.
+
+# The correction (+ or -) is made at the given time, so lines
+# will typically look like:
+# Leap YEAR MON DAY 23:59:60 + R/S
+# or
+# Leap YEAR MON DAY 23:59:59 - R/S
+
+# If the leapsecond is Rolling (R) the given time is local time.
+# If the leapsecond is Stationary (S) the given time is UTC.
+
+# Leap YEAR MONTH DAY HH:MM:SS CORR R/S
+Leap 1972 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1972 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1973 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1974 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1975 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1976 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1977 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1978 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1979 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1981 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1982 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1983 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1985 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1987 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1989 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1990 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1992 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1993 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1994 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1995 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1997 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 1998 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 2005 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 2008 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 2012 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 2015 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S
+Leap 2016 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
+
+# Updated through IERS Bulletin C52
+# File expires on: 28 June 2017
Index: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/northamerica
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/northamerica (nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/northamerica (revision 306848)
@@ -0,0 +1,3337 @@
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+# also includes Central America and the Caribbean
+
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
+# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# United States
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
+# Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
+# Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
+# Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
+# His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
+# was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
+# in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
+# but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
+# His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
+# and the most of the country soon followed suit.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
+# That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
+# See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
+# Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
+# It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
+# Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
+# in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
+# of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
+# Not everyone is happy with the results:
+#
+# I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
+# agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
+# daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
+# I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
+# valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen. As an admirer
+# of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
+# reduce my time for enjoying it. At the back of the Daylight Saving
+# scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
+# to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
+# them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
+#
+# -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
+# Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
+#
+# For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
+# Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
+# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
+# http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
+#
+# Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
+# However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
+# was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
+# time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
+
+# From Arthur David Olson:
+# US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
+# See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
+# and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson:
+# Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
+# Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
+# Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
+# In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
+# An AltaVista search turned up:
+# http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
+# "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
+# Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.' Peace is wonderful."
+# (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
+
+# From Joseph Gallant citing
+# George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
+# At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
+# to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
+# never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
+# CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
+# but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
+# of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
+# London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout. From
+# Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
+#
+# ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
+# Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
+# wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
+# Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
+# typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
+# importance."
+#
+# On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
+# microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
+# before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
+# The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
+#
+# He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
+# Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
+# that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
+# U.S. government action. So even though the "US" rules have changed
+# in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
+Rule US 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
+Rule US 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule US 1967 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule US 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule US 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule US 1976 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule US 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule US 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule US 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
+
+# From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
+# We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
+# obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
+# We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
+# this time zone package.
+# We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
+# a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
+# We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
+# increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
+# avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone EST -5:00 - EST
+Zone MST -7:00 - MST
+Zone HST -10:00 - HST
+Zone EST5EDT -5:00 US E%sT
+Zone CST6CDT -6:00 US C%sT
+Zone MST7MDT -7:00 US M%sT
+Zone PST8PDT -8:00 US P%sT
+
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
+# ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
+# old new
+# Pacific Standard Time(PST) -same-
+# Yukon Standard Time(YST) -same-
+# Central Alaska S.T. (CAT) Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
+# Nome Standard Time (NT) Bering Standard Time (BST)
+#
+# ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
+# The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
+# of the Aleutian islands. No DST.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
+# The tables below use 'NST', not 'NT', for Nome Standard Time.
+# I invented 'CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
+
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
+# USA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
+# USA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
+# USA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC CHICAGO, HOUSTON
+# USA CENTRAL 5 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
+# USA MOUNTAIN 7 H BEHIND UTC DENVER
+# USA MOUNTAIN 6 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
+# USA PACIFIC 8 H BEHIND UTC L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
+# USA PACIFIC 7 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
+# USA ALASKA STD 9 H BEHIND UTC MOST OF ALASKA (AKST)
+# USA ALASKA STD 8 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
+# USA ALEUTIAN 10 H BEHIND UTC ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
+# USA " 9 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
+# USA HAWAII 10 H BEHIND UTC
+# USA BERING 11 H BEHIND UTC SAMOA, MIDWAY
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
+# The above dates are for 1988.
+# Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
+# no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
+# Aleutians.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
+# Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
+# Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward. First, names
+# up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
+# took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
+# (none)
+# United States standard eastern time
+# United States standard mountain time
+# United States standard central time
+# United States standard Pacific time
+# (none)
+# United States standard Alaska time
+# (none)
+# Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
+# public law 98-181):
+# Atlantic standard time
+# eastern standard time
+# central standard time
+# mountain standard time
+# Pacific standard time
+# Yukon standard time
+# Alaska-Hawaii standard time
+# Bering standard time
+# And after 1983-11-30:
+# Atlantic standard time
+# eastern standard time
+# central standard time
+# mountain standard time
+# Pacific standard time
+# Alaska standard time
+# Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
+# Samoa standard time
+# The law doesn't give abbreviations.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
+# Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced ... "Chamorro Standard Time"
+# for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas. See the file "australasia".
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-17):
+# HST and HDT are standardized abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian
+# standard and daylight times. See section 9.47 (p 234) of the
+# U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual (2008)
+# http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008/pdf/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008.pdf
+
+# From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
+# The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
+#
+# H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
+# (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
+# U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
+# (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
+# Sunday of March"; and
+# (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
+# Sunday of November'.
+# (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
+# date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
+# (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
+# date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
+# on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
+# States.
+# (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
+# Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
+# Department study is complete.
+
+# US eastern time, represented by New York
+
+# Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
+# Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
+# (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
+# New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
+# Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
+# Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
+
+# From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
+# Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
+# Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
+# One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
+# and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
+# reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
+# According to today's Huntsville Times
+# http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
+# a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
+# in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
+# set their watches and clocks on Eastern time." It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
+# Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
+# time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
+# in Columbus."
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
+# Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
+# says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of
+# Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch. Round to the
+# nearest second.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule NYC 1920 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NYC 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule NYC 1921 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NYC 1921 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule NYC 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1920
+ -5:00 NYC E%sT 1942
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1946
+ -5:00 NYC E%sT 1967
+ -5:00 US E%sT
+
+# US central time, represented by Chicago
+
+# Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
+# Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
+# Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
+# (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
+# Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
+# Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
+# Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
+# western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
+
+# From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
+# http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0175.pdf ...
+# is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change. Because the local
+# "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
+# are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
+# hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
+#
+# From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
+# Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
+# Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
+# http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
+
+# From an email administrator of the City of Fort Pierre, SD (2015-12-21):
+# Fort Pierre is technically located in the Mountain time zone as is
+# the rest of Stanley County. Most of Stanley County and Fort Pierre
+# uses the Central time zone due to doing most of their business in
+# Pierre so it simplifies schedules. I have lived in Stanley County
+# all my life and it has been that way since I can remember. (43 years!)
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-12-25):
+# Assume this practice predates 1970, so Fort Pierre can use America/Chicago.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Chicago 1920 only - Jun 13 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Chicago 1920 1921 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Chicago 1921 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Chicago 1922 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Chicago 1922 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Chicago 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1920
+ -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1936 Mar 1 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1936 Nov 15 2:00
+ -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1942
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1946
+ -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1967
+ -6:00 US C%sT
+# Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
+Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
+ -7:00 US M%sT 1992 Oct 25 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT
+# Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
+# 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
+# See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
+# Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
+# Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
+# but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
+# See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
+Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
+ -7:00 US M%sT 2003 Oct 26 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT
+
+# From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
+# ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
+# mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
+# daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
+# http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
+# http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
+
+# From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
+# ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
+# it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
+# largest city in Mercer County). Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
+# at 47 degrees 15' 51" N, 101 degrees 46' 40" W, which yields an offset
+# of 6h47'07".
+
+Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
+ -7:00 US M%sT 2010 Nov 7 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT
+
+# US mountain time, represented by Denver
+#
+# Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
+# Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
+# New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
+# western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
+# and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Denver 1920 1921 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Denver 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Denver 1921 only - May 22 2:00 0 S
+Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
+ -7:00 US M%sT 1920
+ -7:00 Denver M%sT 1942
+ -7:00 US M%sT 1946
+ -7:00 Denver M%sT 1967
+ -7:00 US M%sT
+
+# US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
+#
+# California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
+# Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
+# north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
+# Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern 3/4 of
+# Malheur county), and Washington
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20):
+# In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage,
+# PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours,
+# causing electric clocks to lose six minutes per day. (This did not change
+# legal time, and is not part of the data here.) See:
+# Ross SA. An energy crisis from the past: Northern California in 1948.
+# Working Paper No. 8, Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley,
+# 1973-11. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x22k30c
+#
+# In another measure to save electricity, DST was instituted from 1948-03-14
+# at 02:01 to 1949-01-16 at 02:00, with the governor having the option to move
+# the fallback transition earlier. See pages 3-4 of:
+# http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/1948/48Vol1_Chapters.pdf
+#
+# In response:
+#
+# Governor Warren received a torrent of objecting mail, and it is not too much
+# to speculate that the objections to Daylight Saving Time were one important
+# factor in the defeat of the Dewey-Warren Presidential ticket in California.
+# -- Ross, p 25
+#
+# On December 8 the governor exercised the option, setting the date to January 1
+# (LA Times 1948-12-09). The transition time was 02:00 (LA Times 1949-01-01).
+#
+# Despite the controversy, in 1949 California voters approved Proposition 12,
+# which established DST from April's last Sunday at 01:00 until September's
+# last Sunday at 02:00. This was amended by 1962's Proposition 6, which changed
+# the fall-back date to October's last Sunday. See:
+# http://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501&context=ca_ballot_props
+# http://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1636&context=ca_ballot_props
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule CA 1948 only - Mar 14 2:01 1:00 D
+Rule CA 1949 only - Jan 1 2:00 0 S
+Rule CA 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 1:00 1:00 D
+Rule CA 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule CA 1962 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1946
+ -8:00 CA P%sT 1967
+ -8:00 US P%sT
+
+# Alaska
+# AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
+# Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
+# and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
+# This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
+# also a Friday. Include only the time zone part of this transition,
+# ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
+# the Julian calendar.
+#
+# As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
+# permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
+# (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
+# was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.) However, there
+# were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
+# it's best to simply use the official transition.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
+# One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
+# daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
+# "Welcome to Juneau. Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
+# See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
+# http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
+#
+# Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
+# Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
+# Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
+# http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
+# Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
+#
+# On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
+# 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
+# Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
+# Pacific Time.
+#
+# ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
+# Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
+# northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
+#
+# On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
+# unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
+#
+# According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
+# bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
+#
+# (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
+# Nation.)
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
+# I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
+# Community office (using contact information available at
+# http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
+# It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
+# the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
+# that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
+# own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
+# did not inquire about practices in the past.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
+# For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
+# abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-11-09):
+# It seems Metlakatla did go off PST on Sunday, November 1, changing
+# their time to AKST and are going to follow Alaska's DST, switching
+# between AKST and AKDT from now on....
+# http://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Juneau 15:02:19 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
+ -8:57:41 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
+ -8:00 - PST 1942
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1946
+ -8:00 - PST 1969
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1980 Apr 27 2:00
+ -9:00 US Y%sT 1980 Oct 26 2:00
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
+ -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
+ -9:00 US AK%sT
+Zone America/Sitka 14:58:47 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
+ -9:01:13 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
+ -8:00 - PST 1942
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1946
+ -8:00 - PST 1969
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
+ -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
+ -9:00 US AK%sT
+Zone America/Metlakatla 15:13:42 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
+ -8:46:18 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
+ -8:00 - PST 1942
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1946
+ -8:00 - PST 1969
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
+ -8:00 - PST 2015 Nov 1 2:00
+ -9:00 US AK%sT
+Zone America/Yakutat 14:41:05 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
+ -9:18:55 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
+ -9:00 - YST 1942
+ -9:00 US Y%sT 1946
+ -9:00 - YST 1969
+ -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
+ -9:00 US AK%sT
+Zone America/Anchorage 14:00:24 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
+ -9:59:36 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
+ -10:00 - CAT 1942
+ -10:00 US CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
+ -10:00 US CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
+ -10:00 - CAT 1967 Apr
+ -10:00 - AHST 1969
+ -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
+ -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
+ -9:00 US AK%sT
+Zone America/Nome 12:58:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
+ -11:01:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
+ -11:00 - NST 1942
+ -11:00 US N%sT 1946
+ -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
+ -11:00 - BST 1969
+ -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
+ -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
+ -9:00 US AK%sT
+Zone America/Adak 12:13:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
+ -11:46:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
+ -11:00 - NST 1942
+ -11:00 US N%sT 1946
+ -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
+ -11:00 - BST 1969
+ -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
+ -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Nov 30
+ -10:00 US H%sT
+# The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
+#
+# Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
+# switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
+# and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
+#
+# From David Flater (2004-11-09):
+# In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
+# Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
+# suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
+# possibly until 1983:
+#
+# Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
+# "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
+# location not on Alaska Standard Time. The following resolution was
+# made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
+# resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
+# Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
+# January 14, Alaska Standard Time.) This resolution was passed with
+# three votes for and one against."
+
+# Hawaii
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
+# "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
+# of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
+# the article is available at
+# http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
+# and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
+# 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
+# saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
+# last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
+# act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
+# from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
+# when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
+# effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
+# day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
+# cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
+# and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
+# The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
+# Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
+# 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
+# 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
+# year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
+# hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
+# day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
+# Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
+# hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
+# which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
+# that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
+# Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
+# of the Territory of Hawaii."
+#
+# Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
+# We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1896 Jan 13 12:00
+ -10:30 - HST 1933 Apr 30 2:00
+ -10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 21 12:00
+ -10:30 - HST 1942 Feb 9 2:00
+ -10:30 1:00 HDT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
+ -10:30 - HST 1947 Jun 8 2:00
+ -10:00 - HST
+Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
+
+# Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
+
+# Arizona mostly uses MST.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
+#
+# The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
+# Daylight Saving Time web page
+# <http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm> (2002-01-23)
+# maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
+# Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
+# time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
+# personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
+# observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time. The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
+# Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
+# the date the state's clocks would change. In 1945 the State of
+# Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
+# mandated by federal law. Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
+# Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
+#
+# Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
+# Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
+ -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Jan 1 0:01
+ -7:00 - MST 1944 Apr 1 0:01
+ -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Oct 1 0:01
+ -7:00 - MST 1967
+ -7:00 US M%sT 1968 Mar 21
+ -7:00 - MST
+# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
+# A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
+# notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
+# Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
+# large size and location in three states." (The "only" means that other
+# tribal nations don't use DST.)
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
+# See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
+
+# Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
+# Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
+# Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
+# Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
+# Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
+# quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
+# switched four weeks late in 1974.
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1923 May 13 2:00
+ -7:00 US M%sT 1974
+ -7:00 - MST 1974 Feb 3 2:00
+ -7:00 US M%sT
+
+# Indiana
+#
+# For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
+# Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
+# with the following exceptions:
+#
+# - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
+# Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
+#
+# - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
+#
+# - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
+# America/Kentucky/Louisville.
+#
+# - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
+# and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
+#
+# Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
+# and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
+# Those Hoosiers! Such a flighty and changeable people!
+# Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
+#
+# Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
+# that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
+# So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
+# https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
+# says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
+# Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
+# Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
+# this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
+# changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
+# Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
+# clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error. The intent
+# was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
+
+# From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
+# The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
+# going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
+# http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Indianapolis 1941 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Indianapolis 1946 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1920
+ -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1946
+ -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1957 Sep 29 2:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1958 Apr 27 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1969
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1971
+ -5:00 - EST 2006
+ -5:00 US E%sT
+#
+# Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
+# as well as from 1976 through 2005.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Marengo 1951 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Marengo 1951 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1951
+ -6:00 Marengo C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1969
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
+ -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1976
+ -5:00 - EST 2006
+ -5:00 US E%sT
+#
+# Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
+# switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
+# in November 2007.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Vincennes 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Vincennes 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Vincennes 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Vincennes 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Vincennes 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Vincennes 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Vincennes 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1946
+ -6:00 Vincennes C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1969
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1971
+ -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
+ -5:00 US E%sT
+#
+# Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Perry 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Perry 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Perry 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Perry 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Perry 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Perry 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Perry 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Perry 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Perry 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1946
+ -6:00 Perry C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1969
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1971
+ -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT
+#
+# Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
+# then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Pike 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Pike 1955 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Pike 1956 1964 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Pike 1961 1964 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1955
+ -6:00 Pike C%sT 1965 Apr 25 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1966 Oct 30 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1977 Oct 30 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
+ -5:00 US E%sT
+#
+# Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
+# then switched back in 2006.
+# From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
+# An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
+# notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
+# 1991-10-27.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Starke 1947 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Starke 1947 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Starke 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Starke 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Starke 1959 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1947
+ -6:00 Starke C%sT 1962 Apr 29 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1963 Oct 27 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT
+#
+# Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
+# April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Pulaski 1946 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Pulaski 1946 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Pulaski 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Pulaski 1957 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1946
+ -6:00 Pulaski C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1969
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1971
+ -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Mar 11 2:00
+ -5:00 US E%sT
+#
+# Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1954 Apr 25 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1969
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1973
+ -5:00 - EST 2006
+ -5:00 US E%sT
+
+# Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
+# This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S
+Rule Louisville 1941 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Louisville 1941 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Louisville 1946 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 S
+Rule Louisville 1950 1955 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Louisville 1956 1960 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1921
+ -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1942
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1946
+ -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1961 Jul 23 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1968
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
+ -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
+ -5:00 US E%sT
+#
+# Wayne County, Kentucky
+#
+# From Lake Cumberland LIFE
+# http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
+# (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
+# Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
+# the Central to the Eastern time zone.... The Wayne County government made
+# the same request in December. And while Russell County officials have not
+# taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
+# August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
+# The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
+# location in the Central time zone.
+#
+# From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
+# After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
+# Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
+# (-0500) time. They won't "fall back" this year. See Sara Shipley,
+# The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
+# The final rule was published in the
+# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
+# http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22
+#
+Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1946
+ -6:00 - CST 1968
+ -6:00 US C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
+ -5:00 US E%sT
+
+
+# From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
+# Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
+# Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
+# previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
+# Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
+# Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
+# West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
+# Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
+# We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
+# so omit that change for now.
+# See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
+# See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
+# West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
+# 1999-10-31. See the
+# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
+# http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15
+# However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
+# on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
+# hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
+
+# Michigan
+#
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
+# Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
+# Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
+# but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
+# that Detroit kept
+#
+# local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
+# be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time. Half the
+# city obeyed, half refused. After considerable debate, the decision
+# was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time. A derisive offer to
+# erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
+# Committee on Sewers. Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
+# by city vote.
+#
+# This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
+# Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
+# one hour in 1914." This change is not in Shanks. We have no more
+# info, so omit this for now.
+#
+# Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Detroit 1948 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Detroit 1948 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Detroit 1967 only - Jun 14 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Detroit 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Detroit -5:32:11 - LMT 1905
+ -6:00 - CST 1915 May 15 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1942
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1946
+ -5:00 Detroit E%sT 1973
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1975
+ -5:00 - EST 1975 Apr 27 2:00
+ -5:00 US E%sT
+#
+# Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
+# switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
+Rule Menominee 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Menominee 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Menominee 1966 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Menominee 1966 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18 12:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1946
+ -6:00 Menominee C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1973 Apr 29 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT
+
+# Navassa
+# administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
+# claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
+# also claimed by Haiti
+# occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
+# US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
+# currently uninhabited
+# see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
+# _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
+# Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
+
+################################################################################
+
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+#
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
+# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
+#
+# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
+#
+# Other sources occasionally used include:
+#
+# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
+# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
+# which I found in the UCLA library.
+#
+# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
+# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
+# [PDF] (1914-03)
+#
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
+# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
+#
+# See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
+
+# Canada
+
+# From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
+# I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
+# for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
+#
+# UTC Standard time Daylight saving time
+# offset French English French English
+# -2:30 - - HAT NDT
+# -3 - - HAA ADT
+# -3:30 HNT NST - -
+# -4 HNA AST HAE EDT
+# -5 HNE EST HAC CDT
+# -6 HNC CST HAR MDT
+# -7 HNR MST HAP PDT
+# -8 HNP PST HAY YDT
+# -9 HNY YST - -
+#
+# HN: Heure Normale ST: Standard Time
+# HA: Heure Avancée DT: Daylight saving Time
+#
+# A: de l'Atlantique Atlantic
+# C: du Centre Central
+# E: de l'Est Eastern
+# M: Mountain
+# N: Newfoundland
+# P: du Pacifique Pacific
+# R: des Rocheuses
+# T: de Terre-Neuve
+# Y: du Yukon Yukon
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
+# Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
+
+# Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
+# & Pottenger.
+
+# From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
+# 2007-03-01):
+# The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
+# adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
+# U.S. and the rest of Canada....
+# http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
+# ...
+# Nova Scotia
+# Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
+# http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
+#
+# [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
+# be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
+# http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
+# ...
+# Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
+# As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
+# http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
+# ...
+# [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
+# http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
+# http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
+# http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
+# ...
+# P.E.I. will follow US rules....
+# http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
+# ...
+# Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
+# http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
+# ...
+# Yukon
+# http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
+# ...
+# N.W.T. will follow US rules. Whoever maintains the government web site
+# does not seem to believe in bookmarks. To see the news release, click the
+# following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change". Press the
+# "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
+# JavaScript.
+# http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
+# ...
+# Nunavut
+# An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
+# http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-18):
+# H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
+# "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
+# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
+# contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
+# time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
+#
+# National Research Council Canada maintains info about time zones and DST.
+# http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html
+# http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/faq/index.html#Q5
+# Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
+# For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
+# new US DST rules,
+
+# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
+# In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
+# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
+# she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
+# The quote includes these two statements:
+# 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
+# '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
+# These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
+# that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918. This transition was
+# also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
+
+# In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
+# Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
+# than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Canada 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Canada 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
+Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
+Rule Canada 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
+Rule Canada 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
+Rule Canada 1974 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Canada 1974 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Canada 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Canada 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Canada 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
+
+
+# Newfoundland and Labrador
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
+# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
+# but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
+# southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
+# but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule StJohns 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule StJohns 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
+# Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule StJohns 1919 only - May 5 23:00 1:00 D
+Rule StJohns 1919 only - Aug 12 23:00 0 S
+# For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - May Sun>=1 23:00 1:00 D
+Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - Oct lastSun 23:00 0 S
+# For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
+# Pottenger.
+Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - May Mon>=9 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - Oct Mon>=2 0:00 0 S
+# Whitman gives the following transitions:
+# 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
+# but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
+# For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
+# Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
+Rule StJohns 1951 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule StJohns 1951 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule StJohns 1960 1986 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
+# INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
+# at 00:01 local time. For now, assume it started in 1987.
+
+# From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
+# We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
+# changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
+# The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
+# Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
+# now occurs at 2:00AM.
+# ...
+# http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
+# ...
+# MICHAEL PELLEY | Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
+# Office of the Chief Information Officer
+# Executive Council
+# Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
+
+Rule StJohns 1987 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
+Rule StJohns 1987 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
+Rule StJohns 1988 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 2:00 DD
+Rule StJohns 1989 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
+Rule StJohns 2007 2011 - Mar Sun>=8 0:01 1:00 D
+Rule StJohns 2007 2010 - Nov Sun>=1 0:01 0 S
+#
+# St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884
+ -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1918
+ -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
+ -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30
+ -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
+ -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
+ -3:30 StJohns N%sT 2011 Nov
+ -3:30 Canada N%sT
+
+# most of east Labrador
+
+# The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
+ -3:30:52 - NST 1918
+ -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
+ -3:30:52 - NST 1935 Mar 30
+ -3:30 - NST 1936
+ -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
+ -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
+ -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1966 Mar 15 2:00
+ -4:00 StJohns A%sT 2011 Nov
+ -4:00 Canada A%sT
+
+
+# west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
+
+# From Brian Inglis (2015-07-20):
+# From the historical weather station records available at:
+# https://weatherspark.com/history/28351/1971/Sydney-Nova-Scotia-Canada
+# Sydney shares the same time history as Glace Bay, so was
+# likely to be the same across the island....
+# Sydney, as the capital and most populous location, or Cape Breton, would
+# have been better names for the zone had we known this in 1996.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-20):
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
+# Halifax. Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
+# the Cape Breton area, represented by Glace Bay, is the largest we know of
+# (Glace Bay was perhaps not the best name choice but no point changing now).
+# Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
+# in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
+# this is a typo.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Halifax 1916 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1920 only - May 9 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1920 only - Aug 29 0:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1921 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1921 1922 - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1922 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1923 1925 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1923 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1924 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1925 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1926 only - May 16 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1926 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1927 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1928 1931 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1928 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1929 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1930 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1931 1932 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1933 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1933 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1934 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1934 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1935 only - Jun 2 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1935 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1936 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1936 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1937 1938 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1937 1941 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1939 only - May 28 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1940 1941 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
+ -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1918
+ -4:00 Canada A%sT 1919
+ -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
+ -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
+ -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
+ -4:00 Canada A%sT
+Zone America/Glace_Bay -3:59:48 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
+ -4:00 Canada A%sT 1953
+ -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1954
+ -4:00 - AST 1972
+ -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
+ -4:00 Canada A%sT
+
+# New Brunswick
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
+# The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
+# says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
+# <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
+# clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
+# For now, assume it started in 1993.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Jun Sun>=8 1:00 1:00 D
+Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Sep Sun>=8 1:00 0 S
+Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 D
+Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Sep Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
+Rule Moncton 1939 only - May 27 1:00 1:00 D
+Rule Moncton 1939 1941 - Sep Sat>=21 1:00 0 S
+Rule Moncton 1940 only - May 19 1:00 1:00 D
+Rule Moncton 1941 only - May 4 1:00 1:00 D
+Rule Moncton 1946 1972 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Moncton 1946 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Moncton 1957 1972 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
+Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Moncton -4:19:08 - LMT 1883 Dec 9
+ -5:00 - EST 1902 Jun 15
+ -4:00 Canada A%sT 1933
+ -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1942
+ -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
+ -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1973
+ -4:00 Canada A%sT 1993
+ -4:00 Moncton A%sT 2007
+ -4:00 Canada A%sT
+
+# Quebec
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
+# See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal.
+#
+# Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
+# meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
+# Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
+# The Quebec department of justice writes in
+# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
+# http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
+# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
+# observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
+# http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
+# says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
+# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
+# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884
+ -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+# Ontario
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
+# Toronto.
+# Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
+# Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
+# Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
+# Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
+
+# From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
+# [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
+# effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
+# Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
+# have already done so. In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
+# 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
+# hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
+# only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
+# presumably that should be -07-06. (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
+# earlier in June).
+#
+# Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
+# Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
+# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
+# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
+# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
+# http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
+# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
+# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
+# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
+# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
+# New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
+# CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
+# violation of the official Ontario rules.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
+# Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
+# 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
+#
+# The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
+# This means they spend about half the time on central time and
+# the other half on eastern time.
+#
+# For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
+#
+# "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
+# Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
+# said. "I don't see any changes happening here."
+#
+# Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
+# [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
+
+# From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
+# I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
+# and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
+# can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
+# time keeping since 1952, at least.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
+# Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
+# ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
+# McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan
+# switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
+# ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
+# entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
+# America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
+
+# From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
+#
+# Currently the database has:
+#
+# # Ontario
+#
+# # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
+# # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
+# # Toronto.
+# # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
+# # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
+# # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
+#
+# In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
+# right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
+# time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
+#
+# The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
+# except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
+#
+# Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
+#
+# I only came across this incidentally. I don't know if Windsor began
+# observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
+#
+# By the way, the article continues by noting that:
+#
+# Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
+# three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
+#
+# "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
+# The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
+# volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
+# was available at
+# http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
+#
+# It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
+#
+# A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
+# require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
+# the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
+# and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
+# ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
+# for the other provinces only approximate:
+#
+# Province Daylight saving time used
+# Prince Edward Island Not used.
+# Nova Scotia In Halifax only.
+# New Brunswick In St. John only.
+# Quebec In the following places:
+# Montreal Lachine
+# Quebec Mont-Royal
+# Lévis Iberville
+# St. Lambert Cap de la Madelèine
+# Verdun Loretteville
+# Westmount Richmond
+# Outremont St. Jérôme
+# Longueuil Greenfield Park
+# Arvida Waterloo
+# Chambly-Canton Beaulieu
+# Melbourne La Tuque
+# St. Théophile Buckingham
+# Ontario Used generally in the cities and towns along
+# the southerly part of the province. Not
+# used in the northwesterly part.
+# Manitoba Not used.
+# Saskatchewan In Regina only.
+# Alberta Not used.
+# British Columbia Not used.
+#
+# With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
+# to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Toronto 1919 only - Mar 30 23:30 1:00 D
+Rule Toronto 1919 only - Oct 26 0:00 0 S
+Rule Toronto 1920 only - May 2 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Toronto 1920 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
+Rule Toronto 1921 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Toronto 1921 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 S
+Rule Toronto 1922 1923 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
+# Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
+# was meant.
+Rule Toronto 1922 1926 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
+Rule Toronto 1924 1927 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+# The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
+# Rule Toronto 1927 1937 - Sep Sun>=25 2:00 0 S
+# Rule Toronto 1928 1937 - Apr Sun>=25 2:00 1:00 D
+# Rule Toronto 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+# Rule Toronto 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
+# (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
+Rule Toronto 1927 1932 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Toronto 1928 1931 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Toronto 1932 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Toronto 1933 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Toronto 1933 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
+Rule Toronto 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Toronto 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Toronto 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Toronto 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Toronto 1947 1948 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
+Rule Toronto 1949 only - Nov lastSun 0:00 0 S
+Rule Toronto 1950 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Toronto 1950 only - Nov lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Toronto 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
+# namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
+# is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
+# Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
+Rule Toronto 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
+# Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
+# Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
+# operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
+# Saskatchewan, for one year."
+
+# From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
+# Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
+# There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
+# savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
+# before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
+# Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
+# include the Thunder Bay area.... When Canada adopted daylight
+# savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
+# already, did not change their clocks.... During the Second World
+# War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
+# months for the remainder of the war years.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Toronto -5:17:32 - LMT 1895
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
+ -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
+ -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT
+Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895
+ -6:00 - CST 1910
+ -5:00 - EST 1942
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970
+ -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1973
+ -5:00 - EST 1974
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT
+Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT 1940 Sep 29
+ -5:00 1:00 EDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT
+Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
+ -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT
+Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
+ -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST
+
+
+# Manitoba
+
+# From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
+# the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
+# March 27, 1987 ... said ...
+# "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
+# the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
+# Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
+# following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
+# I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
+# been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
+# Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
+# the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
+# the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
+# Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
+# Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
+# starting 1966. Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
+# it was also 02:00s in 1966.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Winn 1916 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Winn 1916 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 S
+Rule Winn 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Winn 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
+Rule Winn 1937 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Winn 1937 only - Sep 26 2:00 0 S
+Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
+Rule Winn 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
+Rule Winn 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Winn 1946 only - May 12 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Winn 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
+Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Winn 1950 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Winn 1950 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
+Rule Winn 1951 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Winn 1951 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Winn 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Winn 1960 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Winn 1963 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Winn 1963 only - Sep 22 2:00 0 S
+Rule Winn 1966 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Winn 1966 2005 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 S
+Rule Winn 1987 2005 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Winnipeg -6:28:36 - LMT 1887 Jul 16
+ -6:00 Winn C%sT 2006
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT
+
+
+# Saskatchewan
+
+# From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
+# The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
+# level. As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
+# elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
+# the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
+# DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
+# presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
+# the summer". The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
+# time was noted.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
+# Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
+# City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
+# Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
+# Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
+# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
+# are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
+
+# From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
+# The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
+# provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
+# A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
+# since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
+#
+# Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
+# the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
+# their affiliations in one direction or the other. In 1965 a provincial
+# referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
+#
+# On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
+# Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
+# part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
+# northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
+# follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
+# zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
+# by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
+#
+# It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
+# on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
+# serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
+# a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
+# rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
+# since sometime in the 1960s.
+
+# From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
+# The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
+# long and rather painful to read.
+# http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Regina 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Regina 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
+Rule Regina 1930 1934 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Regina 1930 1934 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Regina 1937 1941 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Regina 1937 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
+Rule Regina 1938 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Regina 1939 1941 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
+Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
+Rule Regina 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
+Rule Regina 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0 S
+Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Regina 1959 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Regina 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+#
+Rule Swift 1957 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Swift 1957 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Swift 1959 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Swift 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Swift 1960 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep
+ -7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
+ -6:00 - CST
+Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 - LMT 1905 Sep
+ -7:00 Canada M%sT 1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
+ -7:00 Regina M%sT 1950
+ -7:00 Swift M%sT 1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
+ -6:00 - CST
+
+
+# Alberta
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Edm 1918 1919 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Edm 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
+Rule Edm 1919 only - May 27 2:00 0 S
+Rule Edm 1920 1923 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Edm 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Edm 1921 1923 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Edm 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
+Rule Edm 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
+Rule Edm 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Edm 1947 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Edm 1947 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Edm 1967 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Edm 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Edm 1969 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Edm 1969 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Edm 1972 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Edm 1972 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
+ -7:00 Edm M%sT 1987
+ -7:00 Canada M%sT
+
+
+# British Columbia
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
+# been like Vancouver.
+# Dawson Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
+# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
+
+# It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
+
+# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
+# There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
+# that do not currently observe daylight saving:
+# a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
+# b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
+# (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
+
+# Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
+# keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
+# manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
+# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
+# According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
+# i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
+# Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
+
+# Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
+# unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months
+# ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just
+# as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing
+# the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
+# subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
+# http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
+
+# Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
+# 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
+# Exact date unknown
+# 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
+# Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
+# 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
+# Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
+# note 1:
+# On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
+# Creston did not change its clocks.
+# note 2:
+# During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
+# Creston did not oblige.
+# note 3:
+# There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
+# (UTC-7) forever.
+# The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
+# http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
+
+# During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
+# In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
+# summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
+# the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
+# period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
+# (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
+
+# The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
+
+# From Matt Johnson (2015-09-21):
+# Fort Nelson, BC, Canada will cancel DST this year. So while previously they
+# were aligned with America/Vancouver, they're now aligned with
+# America/Dawson_Creek.
+# http://www.northernrockies.ca/EN/meta/news/archives/2015/northern-rockies-time-change.html
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2015-09-23):
+# This requires a new zone for the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality,
+# America/Fort_Nelson. The resolution of 2014-12-08 was reached following a
+# 2014-11-15 poll with nearly 75% support. Effectively, the municipality has
+# been on MST (-0700) like Dawson Creek since it advanced its clocks on
+# 2015-03-08.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
+# Shanks says Fort Nelson did not observe DST in 1946, unlike Vancouver.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
+Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
+Rule Vanc 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
+Rule Vanc 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
+Rule Vanc 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Vanc 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
+Rule Vanc 1947 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Vanc 1962 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884
+ -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987
+ -8:00 Canada P%sT
+Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT 1884
+ -8:00 Canada P%sT 1947
+ -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1972 Aug 30 2:00
+ -7:00 - MST
+Zone America/Fort_Nelson -8:10:47 - LMT 1884
+ -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1946
+ -8:00 - PST 1947
+ -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987
+ -8:00 Canada P%sT 2015 Mar 8 2:00
+ -7:00 - MST
+Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
+ -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1
+ -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2
+ -7:00 - MST
+
+# Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
+# Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
+# * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
+# c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9....
+# see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
+# [http://canlii.ca/t/7vhg]
+# * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
+# * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
+# * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
+
+# From Brian Inglis (2015-04-14):
+#
+# I tried to trace the history of Yukon time and found the following
+# regulations, giving the reference title and URL if found, regulation name,
+# and relevant quote if available. Each regulation specifically revokes its
+# predecessor. The final reference is to the current Interpretation Act
+# authorizing and resulting from these regulatory changes.
+#
+# Only recent regulations were retrievable via Yukon government site search or
+# index, and only some via Canadian legal sources. Other sources used include
+# articles titled "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" from JRASC via ADS
+# Abstracts, cited by ADO for 1932 ..., and updated versions from 1958 and
+# 1970 quoted below; each article includes current extracts from provincial
+# and territorial ST and DST regulations at the end, summaries and details of
+# standard times and daylight saving time at many locations across Canada,
+# with time zone maps, tables and calculations for Canadian Sunrise, Sunset,
+# and LMST; they also cover many countries and global locations, with a chart
+# and table showing current Universal Time offsets, and may be useful as
+# another source of information for 1970 and earlier.
+#
+# * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; JRASC, Vol. 26,
+# pp.49-77; February 1932; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
+# http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JRASC..26...49S from p.75:
+# Yukon Interpretation Ordinance
+# Yukon standard time is the local mean time at the one hundred and
+# thirty-fifth meridian.
+#
+# * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; Thomson, Malcolm M.;
+# JRASC, Vol. 52, pp.193-223; October 1958; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
+# (ADS) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958JRASC..52..193S from pp.220-1:
+# Yukon Interpretation Ordinance, 1955, Chap. 16.
+#
+# (1) Subject to this section, standard time shall be reckoned as nine
+# hours behind Greenwich Time and called Yukon Standard Time.
+#
+# (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Commissioner may make regulations
+# varying the manner of reckoning standard time.
+#
+# * Yukon Territory Commissioner's Order 1966-20 Interpretation Ordinance
+# http://? - no online source found
+#
+# * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Thomson, Malcolm M.; JRASC,
+# Vol. 64, pp.129-162; June 1970; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
+# http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970JRASC..64..129T from p.156: Yukon
+# Territory Commissioner's Order 1967-59 Interpretation Ordinance ...
+#
+# 1. Commissioner's Order 1966-20 dated at Whitehorse in the Yukon
+# Territory on 27th January, 1966, is hereby revoked.
+#
+# 2. Yukon (East) Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the
+# Interpretation Ordinance from and after mid-night on the 28th day of May,
+# 1967 shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that
+# is to say, eight hours behind Greenwich Time in the area of the Yukon
+# Territory lying east of the 138th degree longitude west.
+#
+# 3. In the remainder of the Territory, lying west of the 138th degree
+# longitude west, Yukon (West) Standard Time shall be reckoned as nine
+# hours behind Greenwich Time.
+#
+# * Yukon Standard Time defined as Pacific Standard Time, YCO 1973/214
+# http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yco-1973-214/latest/yco-1973-214.html
+# C.O. 1973/214 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
+#
+# 1. Effective October 28, 1973 Commissioner's Order 1967/59 is hereby
+# revoked.
+#
+# 2. Yukon Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the Interpretation
+# Act from and after midnight on the twenty-eighth day of October, 1973
+# shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that is
+# to say eight hours behind Greenwich Time.
+#
+# * O.I.C. 1980/02 INTERPRETATION ACT
+# http://? - no online source found
+#
+# * Yukon Daylight Saving Time, YOIC 1987/56
+# http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-1987-56/latest/yoic-1987-56.html
+# O.I.C. 1987/056 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
+#
+# In every year between
+# (a) two o'clock in the morning in the first Sunday in April, and
+# (b) two o'clock in the morning in the last Sunday in October,
+# Standard Time shall be reckoned as seven hours behind Greenwich Time and
+# called Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
+# ...
+# Dated ... 9th day of March, A.D., 1987.
+#
+# * Yukon Daylight Saving Time 2006, YOIC 2006/127
+# http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-2006-127/latest/yoic-2006-127.html
+# O.I.C. 2006/127 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
+#
+# 1. In Yukon each year the time for general purposes shall be 7 hours
+# behind Greenwich mean time during the period commencing at two o'clock
+# in the forenoon on the second Sunday of March and ending at two o'clock
+# in the forenoon on the first Sunday of November and shall be called
+# Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
+#
+# 2. Order-in-Council 1987/56 is revoked.
+#
+# 3. This order comes into force January 1, 2007.
+#
+# * Interpretation Act, RSY 2002, c 125
+# http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/stat/rsy-2002-c-125/latest/rsy-2002-c-125.html
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
+# Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
+# Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
+# http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
+#
+# From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
+# We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
+# to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
+# Basic Facts: The New Territory
+# http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
+# (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
+# and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST. We don't know when
+# Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
+# On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
+# Pangnirtung wobbled. Here is the result of their wobble:
+#
+# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
+#
+# First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
+# Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
+#
+# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
+#
+# Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
+#
+# This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
+# No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
+# change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
+# really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
+# They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
+# so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
+# The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
+# their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
+# the current state of affairs.
+
+# From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
+# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
+# http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
+# Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
+# central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
+# for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then]
+# made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
+# Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
+# for these potential new Zones.
+#
+# The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
+# handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
+# zone] skip daylight savings. Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
+# Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
+# Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
+# Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
+# required to use daylight savings.
+
+# From <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html>
+# Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
+# The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
+# Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
+# one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
+# At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
+# Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
+# the rest of the territory for the winter. Cambridge Bay remained on
+# central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
+# mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
+# unified time zone in 1999.
+#
+# From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
+# The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
+# Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
+
+# From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
+# The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
+# that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
+# back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern). Of the
+# cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
+# has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round. I'm
+# checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
+# more.
+# [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
+
+# From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
+# According to ...
+# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
+# (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
+# for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
+# round. Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
+# I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
+# predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
+# The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-17):
+# For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
+# daylight saving only during wartime. Gwillim Law's email also
+# mentioned maps now maintained by National Research Council Canada;
+# see above for an up-to-date link.
+
+# From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
+# ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
+# Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
+# Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
+# daylight saving....
+# http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
+
+# From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
+# Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
+# Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
+# the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
+# decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
+#
+# According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
+# went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
+#
+# On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
+# 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
+# talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
+# to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
+# explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
+# (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
+# i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
+# had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
+# so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
+#
+# On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
+# phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
+# of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
+# information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
+# Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
+# Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
+# and worked in Resolute Bay...
+#
+# On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
+# Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
+# 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
+# on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
+# had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
+# tell me when the practice had stopped.
+#
+# On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
+# somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
+# off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
+# used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
+# businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
+# Aziz:
+# http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
+#
+# I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
+# Eastern Standard Time.
+#
+# Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
+# 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
+# of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
+# the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
+#
+# This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
+#
+# I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
+# responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
+# may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
+# search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
+#
+# If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
+# never have contacted her. I now believe that all the information I
+# obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
+# I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
+Rule NT_YK 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NT_YK 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
+Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
+Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
+Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Apr lastSun 0:00 2:00 DD
+Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule NT_YK 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NT_YK 1980 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule NT_YK 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# aka Panniqtuuq
+Zone America/Pangnirtung 0 - -00 1921 # trading post est.
+ -4:00 NT_YK A%sT 1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT
+# formerly Frobisher Bay
+Zone America/Iqaluit 0 - -00 1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
+ -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
+ -5:00 Canada E%sT
+# aka Qausuittuq
+Zone America/Resolute 0 - -00 1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
+ -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT 2006 Oct 29 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 2007 Mar 11 3:00
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT
+# aka Kangiqiniq
+Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0 - -00 1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
+ -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT
+# aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
+Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0 - -00 1920 # trading post est.?
+ -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 2000 Nov 5 0:00
+ -6:00 - CST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
+ -7:00 Canada M%sT
+Zone America/Yellowknife 0 - -00 1935 # Yellowknife founded?
+ -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
+ -7:00 Canada M%sT
+Zone America/Inuvik 0 - -00 1953 # Inuvik founded
+ -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
+ -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
+ -7:00 Canada M%sT
+Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
+ -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1967 May 28 0:00
+ -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
+ -8:00 Canada P%sT
+Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
+ -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00
+ -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
+ -8:00 Canada P%sT
+
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Mexico
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-12-07):
+# The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
+# Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
+# history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
+# http://www.diputados.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/index.htm
+#
+# Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
+# (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
+# S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
+# S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
+# S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
+# S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
+
+# From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
+# There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
+# tz database. I think they can best be explained by supposing that
+# the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
+# the relevant documents.
+
+# From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
+# A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
+# outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
+#
+# ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
+#
+# I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
+# rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
+#
+# 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
+# - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
+# - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
+# - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
+#
+# 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
+# at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
+# BajaNorte: GMT+7
+# BajaSur: GMT+6
+# General: GMT+5
+#
+# 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
+# BajaNorte: GMT+8
+# BajaSur: GMT+7
+# General: GMT+6
+#
+# The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
+#
+# -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
+# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
+# For an English translation of the decree, see
+# "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
+# http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
+
+# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
+# The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
+# (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
+
+# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
+# Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
+# zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
+# savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
+# Arizona year round.
+
+# From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
+# <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
+# In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
+# Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
+# year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
+# whole year.
+
+# From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
+# <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
+# (translated):...
+# January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
+# that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
+# this year....
+# http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
+# [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
+# in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
+# The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
+# story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
+# http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
+# ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
+# Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
+# the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
+# observation of Daylight Saving Time.
+
+# Official statute published by the Energy Department
+# http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
+# (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
+# and Sonora with no DST. This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
+#
+# http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
+# James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
+# * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
+# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
+# the Federal District will not adopt DST.
+# * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
+# * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
+# the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
+#
+# For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
+
+# From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
+# I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
+# saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
+# that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
+# saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
+# (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
+# saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
+# Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
+# September 30, 2001.
+# References: "Diario de Monterrey" <http://www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
+# Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
+
+# From Reuters (2001-09-04):
+# Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
+# unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
+# capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
+# next year.... The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
+# a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
+# standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
+# subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
+
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
+# ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
+# that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
+# http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
+# confirms this. Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
+#
+# Steffen Thorsen wrote:
+# > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
+# > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
+# > the United States.
+# Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
+# 2010, some border regions will be the same:
+# http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
+# http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
+# (Spanish)
+#
+# Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
+# http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
+# (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
+#
+# There is also a list of the votes here:
+# http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
+#
+# Our page:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
+# The page
+# http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
+# includes this text:
+# En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
+# Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
+# Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
+# Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
+# desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
+# horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
+# En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
+# fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
+# internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
+# kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
+# interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
+# efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
+# las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2014-12-08), translated by Gwillim Law:
+# The Mexican state of Quintana Roo will likely change to EST in 2015.
+#
+# http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2014/12/04/medio-ambiente/congreso-aprueba-una-hora-mas-de-sol-en-qroo
+# "With this change, the time conflict that has existed between the municipios
+# of Quintana Roo and the municipio of Felipe Carrillo Puerto may come to an
+# end. The latter declared itself in rebellion 15 years ago when a time change
+# was initiated in Mexico, and since then it has refused to change its time
+# zone along with the rest of the country."
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-01-14), translated by Gwillim Law:
+# http://sipse.com/novedades/confirman-aplicacion-de-nueva-zona-horaria-para-quintana-roo-132331.html
+# "...the new time zone will come into effect at two o'clock on the first Sunday
+# of February, when we will have to advance the clock one hour from its current
+# time..."
+# Also, the new zone will not use DST.
+#
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2015-02-02):
+# The decree that modifies the Mexican Hour System Law has finally
+# been published at the Diario Oficial de la Federación
+# http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5380123&fecha=31/01/2015
+# It establishes 5 zones for Mexico:
+# 1- Zona Centro (Central Zone): Corresponds to longitude 90 W,
+# includes most of Mexico, excluding what's mentioned below.
+# 2- Zona Pacífico (Pacific Zone): Longitude 105 W, includes the
+# states of Baja California Sur; Chihuahua; Nayarit (excluding Bahía
+# de Banderas which lies in Central Zone); Sinaloa and Sonora.
+# 3- Zona Noroeste (Northwest Zone): Longitude 120 W, includes the
+# state of Baja California.
+# 4- Zona Sureste (Southeast Zone): Longitude 75 W, includes the state
+# of Quintana Roo.
+# 5- The islands, reefs and keys shall take their timezone from the
+# longitude they are located at.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S
+Rule Mexico 1940 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Mexico 1941 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 W # War
+Rule Mexico 1944 only - May 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Mexico 1950 only - Feb 12 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Mexico 1950 only - Jul 30 0:00 0 S
+Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Mexico 2001 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Mexico 2001 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Mexico 2002 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Mexico 2002 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
+Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56
+ -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
+ -5:00 Mexico E%sT 1998 Aug 2 2:00
+ -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2015 Feb 1 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST
+# Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
+Zone America/Merida -5:58:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:01:32
+ -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
+ -5:00 - EST 1982 Dec 2
+ -6:00 Mexico C%sT
+# Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
+# This includes the following municipalities:
+# in Coahuila: Ocampo, Acuña, Zaragoza, Jiménez, Piedras Negras, Nava,
+# Guerrero, Hidalgo.
+# in Nuevo León: Anáhuac, Los Aldama.
+# in Tamaulipas: Nuevo Laredo, Guerrero, Mier, Miguel Alemán, Camargo,
+# Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Reynosa, Río Bravo, Valle Hermoso, Matamoros.
+# See: Inicia mañana Horario de Verano en zona fronteriza, El Universal,
+# 2016-03-12
+# http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/estados/2016/03/12/inicia-manana-horario-de-verano-en-zona-fronteriza
+Zone America/Matamoros -6:40:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1988
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1989
+ -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2010
+ -6:00 US C%sT
+# Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
+Zone America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
+ -6:00 - CST 1988
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1989
+ -6:00 Mexico C%sT
+# Central Mexico
+Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24
+ -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
+ -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
+ -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
+ -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2001 Sep 30 2:00
+ -6:00 - CST 2002 Feb 20
+ -6:00 Mexico C%sT
+# Chihuahua (near US border)
+# This includes the municipalities of Janos, Ascensión, Juárez, Guadalupe,
+# Práxedis G Guerrero, Coyame del Sotol, Ojinaga, and Manuel Benavides.
+# (See the 2016-03-12 El Universal source mentioned above.)
+Zone America/Ojinaga -6:57:40 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
+ -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
+ -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
+ -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
+ -6:00 - CST 1996
+ -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
+ -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
+ -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010
+ -7:00 US M%sT
+# Chihuahua (away from US border)
+Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
+ -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
+ -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
+ -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
+ -6:00 - CST 1996
+ -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
+ -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
+ -7:00 Mexico M%sT
+# Sonora
+Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
+ -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
+ -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
+ -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
+ -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
+ -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
+ -8:00 - PST 1970
+ -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1999
+ -7:00 - MST
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
+# According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
+# changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
+# share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
+#
+# (Spanish)
+# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
+# país, a partir de este domingo
+# http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
+#
+# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
+# País
+# http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
+#
+# (English)
+# Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
+# http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
+#
+# "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
+# will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
+# zone ..."
+# Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
+# Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
+
+# Mazatlán
+Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
+ -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
+ -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
+ -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
+ -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
+ -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
+ -8:00 - PST 1970
+ -7:00 Mexico M%sT
+
+# Bahía de Banderas
+Zone America/Bahia_Banderas -7:01:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
+ -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
+ -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
+ -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
+ -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
+ -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
+ -8:00 - PST 1970
+ -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010 Apr 4 2:00
+ -6:00 Mexico C%sT
+
+# Baja California
+Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56
+ -7:00 - MST 1924
+ -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
+ -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15
+ -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1
+ -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30
+ -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24
+ -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
+ -8:00 1:00 PPT 1945 Nov 12 # Peace
+ -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5
+ -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14
+ -8:00 - PST 1954
+ -8:00 CA P%sT 1961
+ -8:00 - PST 1976
+ -8:00 US P%sT 1996
+ -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001
+ -8:00 US P%sT 2002 Feb 20
+ -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2010
+ -8:00 US P%sT
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
+# America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
+# through 1995. This was as per Shanks (1999). But Shanks & Pottenger say
+# Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975. Guy Harris reports
+# that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
+# Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
+# DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then. This concerns
+# data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
+# other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
+# name or contents should be.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-10-08):
+# Formerly there was an America/Santa_Isabel zone, but this appears to
+# have come from a misreading of
+# http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
+# It has been moved to the 'backward' file.
+#
+#
+# Revillagigedo Is
+# no information
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Anguilla
+# Antigua and Barbuda
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+# Bahamas
+#
+# For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
+#
+# From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
+# The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
+# rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
+# http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
+ -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976
+ -5:00 US E%sT
+
+# Barbados
+
+# For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
+Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
+Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
+ -3:58:29 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
+ -4:00 Barb A%sT
+
+# Belize
+# Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Belize 1918 1942 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0:30 HD
+Rule Belize 1919 1943 - Feb Sun>=9 0:00 0 S
+Rule Belize 1973 only - Dec 5 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Belize 1974 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 S
+Rule Belize 1982 only - Dec 18 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Belize 1983 only - Feb 12 0:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr
+ -6:00 Belize C%sT
+
+# Bermuda
+
+# For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
+# Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I; round that.
+
+# From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
+
+# Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
+# in March, until the first Sunday in November. And, after the Time Zone
+# (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
+# Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
+# http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
+ -4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
+ -4:00 Canada A%sT 1976
+ -4:00 US A%sT
+
+# Cayman Is
+# See America/Panama.
+
+# Costa Rica
+
+# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
+Rule CR 1991 1992 - Jan Sat>=15 0:00 1:00 D
+# IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
+# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
+Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
+# There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 - LMT 1890 # San José
+ -5:36:13 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
+ -6:00 CR C%sT
+# Coco
+# no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
+
+# Cuba
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
+# for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
+# For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
+# The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
+# the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
+# the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
+# During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
+# "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
+# Time today." (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
+# sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
+# to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
+# returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
+# DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the
+# years before. The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ...
+# https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html
+
+# From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
+# Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
+# says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
+# thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
+# to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
+# For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
+
+# From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
+# This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
+# adjustment in Cuba. We will stay in daylight saving time:
+# http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
+
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
+# An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
+# the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
+# http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
+# "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
+# watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
+# to the normal schedule....
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
+# <http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html>, dated yesterday,
+# says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
+# For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
+# except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
+# Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
+# earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
+#
+# He supplied these references:
+#
+# http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
+# http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
+#
+# From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
+# Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
+#
+# Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
+# http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
+#
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
+# I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
+# Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
+# http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
+# a Cuban information station, and heard
+# the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
+# indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
+# It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
+# It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
+# http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
+#
+# Some more background information is posted here:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
+#
+# The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
+# while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
+# 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
+# observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
+# which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
+# change some historic records as well.
+#
+# One example:
+# http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
+
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
+# The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
+# web site, the Granma. Please check out
+# http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
+#
+# Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
+# will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
+# Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
+# According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
+# midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
+# not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
+#
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
+# (in Spanish)
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
+# I listened over the Internet to
+# http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
+# this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
+# the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
+# that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
+# Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
+# this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
+# changed at all).
+#
+# Source:
+# http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
+#
+# Our info:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
+# Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
+# tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
+#
+# One source (Spanish)
+# http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
+#
+# Our page:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
+# According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
+# 31 and April 1.
+#
+# Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
+# http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
+#
+# Our info on it:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
+# Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
+# to standard time on 2012-11-04:
+# http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
+# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
+# For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Cuba 1928 only - Jun 10 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1928 only - Oct 10 0:00 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1965 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1965 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1966 only - May 29 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1966 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1967 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1967 1968 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1968 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1969 1977 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1969 1971 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1972 1974 - Oct 8 0:00 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1975 1977 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1978 only - May 7 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1978 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1990 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00s 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1997 only - Oct 12 0:00s 0 S
+Rule Cuba 1998 1999 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 1998 2003 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
+Rule Cuba 2000 2003 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 2004 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 2006 2010 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
+Rule Cuba 2007 only - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 2008 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 2009 2010 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 2011 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 2011 only - Nov 13 0:00s 0 S
+Rule Cuba 2012 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Cuba 2012 max - Nov Sun>=1 0:00s 0 S
+Rule Cuba 2013 max - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
+ -5:29:36 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
+ -5:00 Cuba C%sT
+
+# Dominica
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+# Dominican Republic
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
+# Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
+# time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
+# http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
+# That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
+
+# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
+# Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
+# November 28, 2000, with a new decree. On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
+# Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
+# Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future. The reason they
+# decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
+# to implement DST. When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
+# decided to revert.
+
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule DR 1966 only - Oct 30 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule DR 1967 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 S
+Rule DR 1969 1973 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HD
+Rule DR 1970 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 S
+Rule DR 1971 only - Jan 20 0:00 0 S
+Rule DR 1972 1974 - Jan 21 0:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890
+ -4:40 - SDMT 1933 Apr 1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
+ -5:00 DR E%sT 1974 Oct 27
+ -4:00 - AST 2000 Oct 29 2:00
+ -5:00 US E%sT 2000 Dec 3 1:00
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+# El Salvador
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Salv 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Salv 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
+# There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
+# instead of America/San_Salvador.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador
+ -6:00 Salv C%sT
+
+# Grenada
+# Guadeloupe
+# St Barthélemy
+# St Martin (French part)
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+# Guatemala
+#
+# From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
+# Diario Co Latino, at
+# <http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079>,
+# says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
+# decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
+# impact of the elevated cost of oil.... Daylight saving time will last from
+# 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
+# The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
+# (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00. See
+# http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Guat 1973 only - Nov 25 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Guat 1974 only - Feb 24 0:00 0 S
+Rule Guat 1983 only - May 21 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Guat 1983 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
+Rule Guat 1991 only - Mar 23 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Guat 1991 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
+Rule Guat 2006 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Guat 2006 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5
+ -6:00 Guat C%sT
+
+# Haiti
+# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
+# Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
+# I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
+# on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
+# <http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc>. Translated from French, it says:
+#
+# "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
+# and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
+# Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
+# provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
+# Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
+#
+# "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
+# the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
+# starting at midnight. This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
+# October 2005.
+#
+# "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
+# I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
+# last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
+# "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
+# next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
+#
+# I have found this article about it (in French):
+# http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
+#
+# The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
+
+# From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
+# Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11):
+# According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year,
+# apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
+# So this means they have already changed their time.
+#
+# http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
+# http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
+#
+# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
+# The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
+# 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
+# Assume a US-style fall back as well.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10):
+# It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules
+# as US/Canada. They did it last year as well, and it looks like they
+# are going to observe DST every year now...
+#
+# http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
+# http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-12):
+# Jean Antoine, editor of www.haiti-reference.com informed us that Haiti
+# are not going on DST this year. Several other resources confirm this: ...
+# http://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/presse/heure_d_t_pas_de_changement_d_heure_pr_vu_pour_cet_ann_e.html
+# http://www.vantbefinfo.com/changement-dheure-pas-pour-haiti/
+# http://news.anmwe.com/haiti-lheure-nationale-ne-sera-ni-avancee-ni-reculee-cette-annee/
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
+# Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
+# Go with IATA.
+Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
+Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S
+Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
+Rule Haiti 2012 2015 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Haiti 2012 2015 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890
+ -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
+ -5:00 Haiti E%sT
+
+# Honduras
+# Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
+# worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
+# saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
+# months until September. La Tribuna reported today
+# <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
+# of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
+
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
+# It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
+# 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
+# Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
+# http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
+# It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
+# Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
+# published, I have located this authoritative source:
+# http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
+# http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
+# So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Hond 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Hond 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
+Rule Hond 2006 only - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Hond 2006 only - Aug Mon>=1 0:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr
+ -6:00 Hond C%sT
+#
+# Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
+
+# Jamaica
+# Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
+# unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
+# island". Go with Milne. Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
+#
+# Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but
+# Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5.
+# Assume Neita meant Jan 6 02:00, the same as the US. Neita also writes that
+# Manley's supporters associated this act with Manley's nickname "Joshua"
+# (recall that in the Bible the sun stood still at Joshua's request),
+# and with the Rod of Correction which Manley said he had received from
+# Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia. See:
+# Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
+# http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:11 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
+ -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+ -5:00 - EST 1974
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1984
+ -5:00 - EST
+
+# Martinique
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France
+ -4:04:20 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT
+ -4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6
+ -4:00 1:00 ADT 1980 Sep 28
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+# Montserrat
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+# Nicaragua
+#
+# This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
+# I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
+# DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
+# expensive petroleum. The exact end date for DST is not yet
+# announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
+# Some background information is available on the President's official site:
+# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
+# The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
+# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
+# The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
+# assume that it is daylight saving....
+#
+# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
+# The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
+# http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
+# and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
+# time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
+# during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
+# The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
+# since December 1998. I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
+# changes in 2000. Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
+# the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
+#
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
+# Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
+# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
+# (2005-09-26)
+#
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
+# http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
+# (my informal translation)
+# By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
+# advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
+# morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
+#
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
+# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
+# My informal translation runs:
+# The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
+# time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S
+Rule Nic 2005 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Nic 2005 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
+Rule Nic 2006 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Nic 2006 only - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890
+ -5:45:12 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
+ -6:00 - CST 1973 May
+ -5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16
+ -6:00 Nic C%sT 1992 Jan 1 4:00
+ -5:00 - EST 1992 Sep 24
+ -6:00 - CST 1993
+ -5:00 - EST 1997
+ -6:00 Nic C%sT
+
+# Panama
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890
+ -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
+ -5:00 - EST
+Link America/Panama America/Cayman
+
+# Puerto Rico
+# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
+ -4:00 - AST 1942 May 3
+ -4:00 US A%sT 1946
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+# St Kitts-Nevis
+# St Lucia
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+# St Pierre and Miquelon
+# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
+ -4:00 - AST 1980 May
+ -3:00 - PMST 1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
+ -3:00 Canada PM%sT
+
+# St Vincent and the Grenadines
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+# Turks and Caicos
+#
+# From Chris Dunn in
+# http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007
+# (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
+# daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
+# the recent U.S. change of dates.
+#
+# From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
+# http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
+# there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
+# rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
+# "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
+# Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
+# indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
+# The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UT -04 year-round. See:
+# http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
+# Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...
+# From Chris Walton (2014-11-04):
+# ... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to
+# "permanent daylight saving time" by one year....
+# http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
+ -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+ -5:00 - EST 1979
+ -5:00 US E%sT 2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+# British Virgin Is
+# Virgin Is
+# See America/Port_of_Spain.
+
+
+# Local Variables:
+# coding: utf-8
+# End:
Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/northamerica
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Index: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/southamerica
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/southamerica (nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/southamerica (revision 306848)
@@ -0,0 +1,1779 @@
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+#
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
+# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
+#
+# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
+# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
+# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
+# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
+# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
+# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
+#
+# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
+# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
+#
+# Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
+# ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
+# suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
+# I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
+# _daylight-saving time_. _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
+# in Europe and South America.
+# -- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
+# H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
+#
+# Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
+# for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
+# "summer time". Reinaldo Goulart, a São Paulo businessman active in
+# the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
+# The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
+# Brazil. Let's say that "the Brasília time" is considered the
+# "official time" because Brasília is the capital city.
+# The other three time zones are called "Brasília time "minus one" or
+# "plus one" or "plus two". As far as I know there is no such
+# name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
+# So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
+# Corrections are welcome!
+# std dst
+# -2:00 FNT FNST Fernando de Noronha
+# -3:00 BRT BRST Brasília
+# -4:00 AMT AMST Amazon
+# -5:00 ACT ACST Acre
+
+###############################################################################
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Argentina
+
+# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
+# Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
+# Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974. Switches at midnight.
+
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-19):
+# ARGENTINA 3 H BEHIND UTC
+
+# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
+# I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table...
+# AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Arg 1930 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1931 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1931 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1932 1940 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1932 1939 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1940 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1941 only - Jun 15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1941 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1943 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1943 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1946 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1963 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1963 only - Dec 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1988 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
+#
+# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
+# These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
+# obtaining the data from the:
+# Talleres de Hidrografía Naval Argentina
+# (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
+Rule Arg 1989 1993 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 1989 1992 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+#
+# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
+# From this moment on, the law that mandated the daylight saving
+# time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
+# to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
+#
+# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
+# On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time,
+# which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours
+# from the International Date Line.
+Rule Arg 1999 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-12-28):
+# DST was set to expire on March 5, not March 3, but since it was converted
+# to standard time on March 3 it's more convenient for us to pretend that
+# it ended on March 3.
+Rule Arg 2000 only - Mar 3 0:00 0 -
+#
+# From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
+# We just checked with our São Paulo office and they say the government of
+# Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
+# So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
+#
+# From Fabián L. Arce Jofré (2000-04-04):
+# The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
+# de la Rúa on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
+# in the winter time, rather than less. The change took effect on March 3.
+#
+# From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
+# one of the major newspapers here in Argentina said that the 1999
+# Timezone Law (which never was effectively applied) will (would?) be
+# in effect.... The article is at
+# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-06/e-01701.htm
+# ... The Law itself is "Ley No. 25155", sanctioned on 1999-08-25, enacted
+# 1999-09-17, and published 1999-09-21. The official publication is at:
+# http://www.boletin.jus.gov.ar/BON/Primera/1999/09-Septiembre/21/PDF/BO21-09-99LEG.PDF
+# Regretfully, you have to subscribe (and pay) for the on-line version....
+#
+# (2001-06-12):
+# the timezone for Argentina will not change next Sunday.
+# Apparently it will do so on Sunday 24th....
+# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-12/s-03501.htm
+#
+# (2001-06-25):
+# Last Friday (yes, the last working day before the date of the change), the
+# Senate annulled the 1999 law that introduced the changes later postponed.
+# http://www.clarin.com.ar/diario/2001-06-22/s-03601.htm
+# It remains the vote of the Deputies..., but it will be the same....
+# This kind of things had always been done this way in Argentina.
+# We are still -03:00 all year round in all of the country.
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-12-21):
+# A user (Leonardo Chaim) reported that Argentina will adopt DST....
+# all of the country (all Zone-entries) are affected. News reports like
+# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/opinion/nota.asp?nota_id=973037 indicate
+# that Argentina will use DST next year as well, from October to
+# March, although exact rules are not given.
+#
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
+# The last hurdle of Argentina DST is over, the proposal was approved in
+# the lower chamber too (Diputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
+# By the way thanks to Mariano Absatz and Daniel Mario Vega for the link to
+# the original scanned proposal, where the dates and the zero hours are
+# clear and unambiguous...This is the article about final approval:
+# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/nota.asp?nota_id=973996
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-12-22):
+# For dates after mid-2008, the following rules are my guesses and
+# are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-09-05):
+# As per message from Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz (Nicaragua),
+# Argentina will start DST on Sunday October 19, 2008.
+#
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina03.html
+# http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=57832 (in spanish)
+
+# From Juan Manuel Docile in https://bugs.gentoo.org/240339 (2008-10-07)
+# via Rodrigo Severo:
+# Argentinian law No. 25.155 is no longer valid.
+# http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/60000-64999/60036/norma.htm
+# The new one is law No. 26.350
+# http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/135000-139999/136191/norma.htm
+# So there is no summer time in Argentina for now.
+
+# From Mariano Absatz (2008-10-20):
+# Decree 1693/2008 applies Law 26.350 for the summer 2008/2009 establishing DST
+# in Argentina from 2008-10-19 until 2009-03-15.
+# http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=16102008&pi=3&pf=4&s=0&sec=01
+#
+
+# Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer
+# 2008/2009: Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La
+# Pampa, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego
+# http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=17102008&pi=1&pf=1&s=0&sec=01
+#
+# Press release 235 dated Saturday October 18th, from the Government of the
+# Province of Jujuy saying it will not apply DST either (even when it was not
+# included in Decree 1705/2008).
+# http://www.jujuy.gov.ar/index2/partes_prensa/18_10_08/235-181008.doc
+
+# From fullinet (2009-10-18):
+# As announced in
+# http://www.argentina.gob.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=356
+# (an official .gob.ar) under title: "Sin Cambio de Hora"
+# (English: "No hour change").
+#
+# "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvió no modificar la hora
+# oficial, decisión que estaba en estudio para su implementación el
+# domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificación se anunció
+# que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorológicas, no necesita
+# la modificación del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
+# crecimiento en la producción y distribución energética."
+
+Rule Arg 2007 only - Dec 30 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Arg 2008 2009 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+
+# From Mariano Absatz (2004-05-21):
+# Today it was officially published that the Province of Mendoza is changing
+# its timezone this winter... starting tomorrow night....
+# http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040521-27158-normas.pdf
+# From Paul Eggert (2004-05-24):
+# It's Law No. 7,210. This change is due to a public power emergency, so for
+# now we'll assume it's for this year only.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-09):
+# Hora de verano para la República Argentina
+# http://buenasiembra.com.ar/esoterismo/astrologia/hora-de-verano-de-la-republica-argentina-27.html
+# says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
+# to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25. Go with this more-precise value
+# over Shanks & Pottenger.
+#
+# From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-05):
+# These media articles from a major newspaper mostly cover the current state:
+# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/27/de_604825.asp
+# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/28/de_605203.asp
+#
+# The following eight (8) provinces pulled clocks back to UTC-04:00 at
+# midnight Monday May 31st. (that is, the night between 05/31 and 06/01).
+# Apparently, all nine provinces would go back to UTC-03:00 at the same
+# time in October 17th.
+#
+# Catamarca, Chubut, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz,
+# Tierra del Fuego, Tucumán.
+#
+# From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-14):
+# ... this weekend, the Province of Tucumán decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
+# yesterday midnight (that is, at 24:00 Saturday 12th), since the people's
+# annoyance with the change is much higher than the power savings obtained....
+#
+# From Gwillim Law (2004-06-14):
+# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/06/10/de_609078.asp ...
+# "The time change in Tierra del Fuego was a conflicted decision from
+# the start. The government had decreed that the measure would take
+# effect on June 1, but a normative error forced the new time to begin
+# three days earlier, from a Saturday to a Sunday....
+# Our understanding was that the change was originally scheduled to take place
+# on June 1 at 00:00 in Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego (and some other
+# provinces). Sunday was May 30, only two days earlier. So the article
+# contains a contradiction. I would give more credence to the Saturday/Sunday
+# date than the "three days earlier" phrase, and conclude that Tierra del
+# Fuego set its clocks back at 2004-05-30 00:00.
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-05):
+# The previous law 7210 which changed the province of Mendoza's time zone
+# back in May have been modified slightly in a new law 7277, which set the
+# new end date to 2004-09-26 (original date was 2004-10-17).
+# http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040924-27244-normas.pdf
+#
+# From Mariano Absatz (2004-10-05):
+# San Juan changed from UTC-03:00 to UTC-04:00 at midnight between
+# Sunday, May 30th and Monday, May 31st. It changed back to UTC-03:00
+# at midnight between Saturday, July 24th and Sunday, July 25th....
+# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000329.html
+# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000426.html
+# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000441.html
+
+# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-01-17):
+# Here are articles that Argentina Province San Luis is planning to end DST
+# as earlier as upcoming Monday January 21, 2008 or February 2008:
+#
+# Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del país
+# (Argentine Province delayed clock and mark difference with the rest of the
+# country)
+# http://cl.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200801171849_EFE_ET4373&idtel
+#
+# Es inminente que en San Luis atrasen una hora los relojes
+# (It is imminent in San Luis clocks one hour delay)
+# http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/nota/253414/Economia/Es-inminente-que-en-San-Luis-atrasen-una-hora-los-relojes.html
+# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_argentina02.html
+
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
+# The page of the San Luis provincial government
+# http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=0&id=22812
+# confirms what Alex Krivenyshev has earlier sent to the tz
+# emailing list about that San Luis plans to return to standard
+# time much earlier than the rest of the country. It also
+# confirms that upon request the provinces San Juan and Mendoza
+# refused to follow San Luis in this change.
+#
+# The change is supposed to take place Monday the 21st at 0:00
+# hours. As far as I understand it if this goes ahead, we need
+# a new timezone for San Luis (although there are also documented
+# independent changes in the southamerica file of San Luis in
+# 1990 and 1991 which has not been confirmed).
+
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
+# Unfortunately the below page has become defunct, about the San Luis
+# time change. Perhaps because it now is part of a group of pages "Most
+# important pages of 2008."
+#
+# You can use
+# http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=8141&id=22834
+# instead it seems. Or use "Buscador" from the main page of the San Luis
+# government, and fill in "huso" and click OK, and you will get 3 pages
+# from which the first one is identical to the above.
+
+# From Mariano Absatz (2008-01-28):
+# I can confirm that the Province of San Luis (and so far only that
+# province) decided to go back to UTC-3 effective midnight Jan 20th 2008
+# (that is, Monday 21st at 0:00 is the time the clocks were delayed back
+# 1 hour), and they intend to keep UTC-3 as their timezone all year round
+# (that is, unless they change their mind any minute now).
+#
+# So we'll have to add yet another city to 'southamerica' (I think San
+# Luis city is the mos populated city in the Province, so it'd be
+# America/Argentina/San_Luis... of course I can't remember if San Luis's
+# history of particular changes goes along with Mendoza or San Juan :-(
+# (I only remember not being able to collect hard facts about San Luis
+# back in 2004, when these provinces changed to UTC-4 for a few days, I
+# mailed them personally and never got an answer).
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
+# Unless otherwise specified, data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger through
+# 1992, from the IATA otherwise. As noted below, Shanks & Pottenger say that
+# America/Cordoba split into 6 subregions during 1991/1992, one of which
+# was America/San_Luis, but we haven't verified this yet so for now we'll
+# keep America/Cordoba a single region rather than splitting it into the
+# other 5 subregions.
+
+# From Mariano Absatz (2009-03-13):
+# Yesterday (with our usual 2-day notice) the Province of San Luis
+# decided that next Sunday instead of "staying" @utc-03:00 they will go
+# to utc-04:00 until the second Saturday in October...
+#
+# The press release is at
+# http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/SL/Paginas/NoticiaDetalle.asp?TemaId=1&InfoPrensaId=3102
+# (I couldn't find the decree, but www.sanluis.gov.ar
+# is the official page for the Province Government.)
+#
+# There's also a note in only one of the major national papers ...
+# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1107912
+#
+# The press release says [quick and dirty translation]:
+# ... announced that next Sunday, at 00:00, Puntanos (the San Luis
+# inhabitants) will have to turn back one hour their clocks
+#
+# Since then, San Luis will establish its own Province timezone. Thus,
+# during 2009, this timezone change will run from 00:00 the third Sunday
+# in March until 24:00 of the second Saturday in October.
+
+# From Mariano Absatz (2009-10-16):
+# ...the Province of San Luis is a case in itself.
+#
+# The Law at
+# http://www.diputadossanluis.gov.ar/diputadosasp/paginas/verNorma.asp?NormaID=276
+# is ambiguous because establishes a calendar from the 2nd Sunday in
+# October at 0:00 thru the 2nd Saturday in March at 24:00 and the
+# complement of that starting on the 2nd Sunday of March at 0:00 and
+# ending on the 2nd Saturday of March at 24:00.
+#
+# This clearly breaks every time the 1st of March or October is a Sunday.
+#
+# IMHO, the "spirit of the Law" is to make the changes at 0:00 on the 2nd
+# Sunday of October and March.
+#
+# The problem is that the changes in the rest of the Provinces that did
+# change in 2007/2008, were made according to the Federal Law and Decrees
+# that did so on the 3rd Sunday of October and March.
+#
+# In fact, San Luis actually switched from UTC-4 to UTC-3 last Sunday
+# (October 11th) at 0:00.
+#
+# So I guess a new set of rules, besides "Arg", must be made and the last
+# America/Argentina/San_Luis entries should change to use these...
+#
+# I'm enclosing a patch that does what I say... regretfully, the San Luis
+# timezone must be called "WART/WARST" even when most of the time (like,
+# right now) WARST == ART... that is, since last Sunday, all the country
+# is using UTC-3, but in my patch, San Luis calls it "WARST" and the rest
+# of the country calls it "ART".
+# ...
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-09):
+# According to news reports from El Diario de la República Province San
+# Luis, Argentina (standard time UTC-04) will keep Daylight Saving Time
+# after April 11, 2010 - will continue to have same time as rest of
+# Argentina (UTC-3) (no DST).
+#
+# Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
+# http://www.eldiariodelarepublica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29383&Itemid=9
+# or (some English translation):
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina08.html
+
+# From Mariano Absatz (2010-04-12):
+# yes...I can confirm this...and given that San Luis keeps calling
+# UTC-03:00 "summer time", we should't just let San Luis go back to "Arg"
+# rules...San Luis is still using "Western ARgentina Time" and it got
+# stuck on Summer daylight savings time even though the summer is over.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-05):
+# Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at -04
+# with perpetual summer time, but ordinary usage typically seems to
+# just say it's at -03; see, for example,
+# http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_oficial_argentina
+# We've documented similar situations as being plain changes to
+# standard time, so let's do that here too. This does not change UTC
+# offsets, only tm_isdst and the time zone abbreviations. One minor
+# plus is that this silences a zic complaint that there's no POSIX TZ
+# setting for time stamps past 2038.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# Milne says Córdoba time was -4:16:48.2. Round to the nearest second.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+#
+# Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
+Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Córdoba Mean Time
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT
+#
+# Córdoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
+# Chaco (CC), Formosa (FM), Santiago del Estero (SE)
+#
+# Shanks & Pottenger also make the following claims, which we haven't verified:
+# - Formosa switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-07.
+# - Misiones switched to -3:00 on 1990-12-29.
+# - Chaco switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-04.
+# - Santiago del Estero switched to -4:00 on 1991-04-01,
+# then to -3:00 on 1991-04-26.
+#
+Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3
+ -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 20
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT
+#
+# Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquén (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
+Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3
+ -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 20
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 2008 Oct 18
+ -3:00 - ART
+#
+# Tucumán (TM)
+Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3
+ -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 20
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
+ -3:00 - ART 2004 Jun 1
+ -4:00 - WART 2004 Jun 13
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT
+#
+# La Rioja (LR)
+Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 1
+ -4:00 - WART 1991 May 7
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
+ -3:00 - ART 2004 Jun 1
+ -4:00 - WART 2004 Jun 20
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 2008 Oct 18
+ -3:00 - ART
+#
+# San Juan (SJ)
+Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 1
+ -4:00 - WART 1991 May 7
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
+ -3:00 - ART 2004 May 31
+ -4:00 - WART 2004 Jul 25
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 2008 Oct 18
+ -3:00 - ART
+#
+# Jujuy (JY)
+Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Mar 4
+ -4:00 - WART 1990 Oct 28
+ -4:00 1:00 WARST 1991 Mar 17
+ -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 6
+ -3:00 1:00 ARST 1992
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 2008 Oct 18
+ -3:00 - ART
+#
+# Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
+Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3
+ -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 20
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
+ -3:00 - ART 2004 Jun 1
+ -4:00 - WART 2004 Jun 20
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 2008 Oct 18
+ -3:00 - ART
+#
+# Mendoza (MZ)
+Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Mar 4
+ -4:00 - WART 1990 Oct 15
+ -4:00 1:00 WARST 1991 Mar 1
+ -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 15
+ -4:00 1:00 WARST 1992 Mar 1
+ -4:00 - WART 1992 Oct 18
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
+ -3:00 - ART 2004 May 23
+ -4:00 - WART 2004 Sep 26
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 2008 Oct 18
+ -3:00 - ART
+#
+# San Luis (SL)
+
+Rule SanLuis 2008 2009 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00 0 -
+Rule SanLuis 2007 2008 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
+
+Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990
+ -3:00 1:00 ARST 1990 Mar 14
+ -4:00 - WART 1990 Oct 15
+ -4:00 1:00 WARST 1991 Mar 1
+ -4:00 - WART 1991 Jun 1
+ -3:00 - ART 1999 Oct 3
+ -4:00 1:00 WARST 2000 Mar 3
+ -3:00 - ART 2004 May 31
+ -4:00 - WART 2004 Jul 25
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 2008 Jan 21
+ -4:00 SanLuis WAR%sT 2009 Oct 11
+ -3:00 - ART
+#
+# Santa Cruz (SC)
+Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Córdoba Mean Time
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
+ -3:00 - ART 2004 Jun 1
+ -4:00 - WART 2004 Jun 20
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 2008 Oct 18
+ -3:00 - ART
+#
+# Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (TF)
+Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
+ -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Córdoba Mean Time
+ -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
+ -3:00 - ART 2004 May 30
+ -4:00 - WART 2004 Jun 20
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 2008 Oct 18
+ -3:00 - ART
+
+# Aruba
+Link America/Curacao America/Aruba
+
+# Bolivia
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
+ -4:32:36 - CMT 1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
+ -4:32:36 1:00 BOST 1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
+ -4:00 - BOT # Bolivia Time
+
+# Brazil
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
+# The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules
+# just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade.
+# The rule change lasted only part of the day;
+# the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business
+# was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon.
+
+# From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
+# _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
+# Santa Catarina (SC), Paraná (PR), São Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
+# Espírito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goiás (GO),
+# Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
+# [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
+
+# From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
+# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goiás until 1989), and other
+# sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
+# always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
+# The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91. Each issue from then until
+# 9/95 says that DST is observed only in the ten states I quoted from 9/95,
+# along with Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), which are in BR2
+# (UTC-4).... The other two time zones given for Brazil are BR3, which is
+# UTC-5, no DST, and applies only in the state of Acre (AC); and BR4, which is
+# UTC-2, and applies to Fernando de Noronha (formerly FN, but I believe it's
+# become part of the state of Pernambuco). The boundary between BR1 and BR2
+# has never been clearly stated. They've simply been called East and West.
+# However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
+# Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil. For each
+# airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM. From that
+# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapá (AP), Ceará (CE),
+# Maranhão (MA), Paraíba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piauí (PI), and Rio Grande do
+# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Pará (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
+
+# From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
+# Brazilian official page <http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html>
+
+# From Jesper Nørgaard (2000-11-03):
+# [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
+# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
+# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm
+
+# From Celso Doria via David Madeo (2002-10-09):
+# The reason for the delay this year has to do with elections in Brazil.
+#
+# Unlike in the United States, elections in Brazil are 100% computerized and
+# the results are known almost immediately. Yesterday, it was the first
+# round of the elections when 115 million Brazilians voted for President,
+# Governor, Senators, Federal Deputies, and State Deputies. Nobody is
+# counting (or re-counting) votes anymore and we know there will be a second
+# round for the Presidency and also for some Governors. The 2nd round will
+# take place on October 27th.
+#
+# The reason why the DST will only begin November 3rd is that the thousands
+# of electoral machines used cannot have their time changed, and since the
+# Constitution says the elections must begin at 8:00 AM and end at 5:00 PM,
+# the Government decided to postpone DST, instead of changing the Constitution
+# (maybe, for the next elections, it will be possible to change the clock)...
+
+# From Rodrigo Severo (2004-10-04):
+# It's just the biannual change made necessary by the much hyped, supposedly
+# modern Brazilian eletronic voting machines which, apparently, can't deal
+# with a time change between the first and the second rounds of the elections.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-20):
+# Brazil will start DST on 2007-10-14 00:00 and end on 2008-02-17 00:00:
+# http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do;jsessionid=BBA06811AFCAAC28F0285210913513DA?newsId=13975
+
+# From Paul Schulze (2008-06-24):
+# ...by law number 11.662 of April 24, 2008 (published in the "Diario
+# Oficial da União"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
+# effective today (00:00am at June 24, 2008) as follows:
+#
+# a) The timezone UTC+5 is extinguished, with all the Acre state and the
+# part of the Amazonas state that had this timezone now being put to the
+# timezone UTC+4
+# b) The whole Pará state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
+# part of it, as was before.
+#
+# This change follows a proposal of senator Tiao Viana of Acre state, that
+# proposed it due to concerns about open television channels displaying
+# programs inappropriate to youths in the states that had the timezone
+# UTC+5 too early in the night. In the occasion, some more corrections
+# were proposed, trying to unify the timezones of any given state. This
+# change modifies timezone rules defined in decree 2.784 of 18 June,
+# 1913.
+
+# From Rodrigo Severo (2008-06-24):
+# Just correcting the URL:
+# https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=do&secao=1&pagina=1&data=25/04/2008
+#
+# As a result of the above Decree I believe the America/Rio_Branco
+# timezone shall be modified from UTC-5 to UTC-4 and a new timezone shall
+# be created to represent the...west side of the Pará State. I
+# suggest this new timezone be called Santarem as the most
+# important/populated city in the affected area.
+#
+# This new timezone would be the same as the Rio_Branco timezone up to
+# the 2008/06/24 change which would be to UTC-3 instead of UTC-4.
+
+# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-24):
+# This is a quick reference page for New and Old Brazil Time Zones map.
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/brazil-time-new-old.php
+#
+# - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones - eliminating time zone UTC-05
+# (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT-04) - western
+# part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC-03 (from UTC-04).
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10):
+# The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from
+# Decretos sobre o Horário de Verão no Brasil.
+# http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-29):
+# As announced by the government and many newspapers in Brazil late
+# yesterday, Brazil will start DST on 2008-10-19 (need to change rule) and
+# it will end on 2009-02-15 (current rule for Brazil is fine). Based on
+# past years experience with the elections, there was a good chance that
+# the start was postponed to November, but it did not happen this year.
+#
+# It has not yet been posted to http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
+#
+# An official page about it:
+# http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do?newsId=16722
+# Note that this link does not always work directly, but must be accessed
+# by going to
+# http://www.mme.gov.br/first
+#
+# One example link that works directly:
+# http://jornale.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13530&Itemid=54
+# (Portuguese)
+#
+# We have a written a short article about it as well:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-dst-2008-2009.html
+#
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-04):
+# State Bahia will return to Daylight savings time this year after 8 years off.
+# The announcement was made by Governor Jaques Wagner in an interview to a
+# television station in Salvador.
+
+# In Portuguese:
+# http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2011/10/governador-jaques-wagner-confirma-horario-de-verao-na-bahia.html
+# http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI5390887-EI8139,00-Bahia+volta+a+ter+horario+de+verao+apos+oito+anos.html
+
+# From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-07):
+# There is news in the media, however there is still no decree about it.
+# I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the
+# official agency about time in Brazil, and she confirmed that the old rule is
+# still in force.
+
+# From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-14)
+# It's official, the President signed a decree that includes Bahia in summer
+# time.
+# [ and in a second message (same day): ]
+# I found the decree.
+#
+# DECRETO No. 7.584, DE 13 DE OUTUBRO DE 2011
+# Link :
+# http://www.in.gov.br/visualiza/index.jsp?data=13/10/2011&jornal=1000&pagina=6&totalArquivos=6
+
+# From Kelley Cook (2012-10-16):
+# The governor of state of Bahia in Brazil announced on Thursday that
+# due to public pressure, he is reversing the DST policy they implemented
+# last year and will not be going to Summer Time on October 21st....
+# http://www.correio24horas.com.br/r/artigo/apos-pressoes-wagner-suspende-horario-de-verao-na-bahia
+
+# From Rodrigo Severo (2012-10-16):
+# Tocantins state will have DST.
+# http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI6232536-EI306.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-20):
+# Tocantins in Brazil is very likely not to observe DST from October....
+# http://conexaoto.com.br/2013/09/18/ministerio-confirma-que-tocantins-esta-fora-do-horario-de-verao-em-2013-mas-falta-publicacao-de-decreto
+# We will keep this article updated when this is confirmed:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-starts-dst-2013.html
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-10-17):
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/acre-amazonas-change-time-zone.html
+# Senator Jorge Viana announced that Acre will change time zone on November 10.
+# He did not specify the time of the change, nor if western parts of Amazonas
+# will change as well.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-17):
+# For now, assume western Amazonas will change as well.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Decree 20,466 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm> (1931-10-01)
+# Decree 21,896 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm> (1932-01-10)
+Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1932 1933 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 1932 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 S
+# Decree 23,195 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV23195.htm> (1933-10-10)
+# revoked DST.
+# Decree 27,496 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27496.htm> (1949-11-24)
+# Decree 27,998 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27998.htm> (1950-04-13)
+Rule Brazil 1949 1952 - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1950 only - Apr 16 1:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 1951 1952 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+# Decree 32,308 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV32308.htm> (1953-02-24)
+Rule Brazil 1953 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+# Decree 34,724 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV34724.htm> (1953-11-30)
+# revoked DST.
+# Decree 52,700 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV52700.htm> (1963-10-18)
+# established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
+# in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
+# Decree 53,071 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53071.htm> (1963-12-03)
+# extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
+Rule Brazil 1963 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 S
+# Decree 53,604 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53604.htm> (1964-02-25)
+# extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
+Rule Brazil 1964 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+# Decree 55,639 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV55639.htm> (1965-01-27)
+Rule Brazil 1965 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1965 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 -
+# Decree 57,303 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57303.htm> (1965-11-22)
+Rule Brazil 1965 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
+# Decree 57,843 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57843.htm> (1966-02-18)
+Rule Brazil 1966 1968 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 1966 1967 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
+# Decree 63,429 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV63429.htm> (1968-10-15)
+# revoked DST.
+# Decree 91,698 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV91698.htm> (1985-09-27)
+Rule Brazil 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
+# Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
+# Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
+Rule Brazil 1986 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 -
+# Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
+Rule Brazil 1986 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1987 only - Feb 14 0:00 0 -
+# Decree 94,922 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV94922.htm> (1987-09-22)
+Rule Brazil 1987 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 -
+# Decree 96,676 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV96676.htm> (1988-09-12)
+# except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
+Rule Brazil 1988 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1989 only - Jan 29 0:00 0 -
+# Decree 98,077 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV98077.htm> (1989-08-21)
+# with the same exceptions
+Rule Brazil 1989 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1990 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 -
+# Decree 99,530 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV99530.htm> (1990-09-17)
+# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
+# Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
+Rule Brazil 1990 only - Oct 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1991 only - Feb 17 0:00 0 -
+# Unnumbered decree <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1991.htm> (1991-09-25)
+# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
+Rule Brazil 1991 only - Oct 20 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1992 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 -
+# Unnumbered decree <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1992.htm> (1992-10-16)
+# adopted by same states.
+Rule Brazil 1992 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 -
+# Decree 942 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV942.htm> (1993-09-28)
+# adopted by same states, plus AM.
+# Decree 1,252 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1252.htm> (1994-09-22;
+# web page corrected 2004-01-07) adopted by same states, minus AM.
+# Decree 1,636 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1636.htm> (1995-09-14)
+# adopted by same states, plus MT and TO.
+# Decree 1,674 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1674.htm> (1995-10-13)
+# adds AL, SE.
+Rule Brazil 1993 1995 - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 1996 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 -
+# Decree 2,000 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV2000.htm> (1996-09-04)
+# adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
+Rule Brazil 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1997 only - Feb 16 0:00 0 -
+# From Daniel C. Sobral (1998-02-12):
+# In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
+# because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
+# they bought the wrong times on satellite for coverage of Pope's visit.
+# This year, the ending date of DS was postponed to March 1
+# to help dealing with the shortages of electric power.
+#
+# Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
+Rule Brazil 1997 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
+# Decree 2,495 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV2495.JPG>
+# (1998-02-10)
+Rule Brazil 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+# Decree 2,780 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/Hv98.jpg> (1998-09-11)
+# adopted by the same states as before.
+Rule Brazil 1998 only - Oct 11 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 1999 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 -
+# Decree 3,150 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3150.gif>
+# (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
+# Decree 3,188 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV99.gif> (1999-09-30)
+# adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
+Rule Brazil 1999 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 2000 only - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
+# Decree 3,592 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DEC3592.htm> (2000-09-06)
+# adopted by the same states as before.
+# Decree 3,630 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3630.jpg> (2000-10-13)
+# repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
+# Decree 3,632 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3632.jpg> (2000-10-17)
+# repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
+# Decree 3,916 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3916.gif>
+# (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
+Rule Brazil 2000 2001 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 2001 2006 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+# Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
+# 4,399 <http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2002/D4399.htm>
+Rule Brazil 2002 only - Nov 3 0:00 1:00 S
+# Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO.
+# 4,844 <http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2003/D4844.htm>
+Rule Brazil 2003 only - Oct 19 0:00 1:00 S
+# Decree 5,223 (2004-10-01) reestablishes DST in MT.
+# 5,223 <http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2004-2006/2004/Decreto/D5223.htm>
+Rule Brazil 2004 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
+# Decree 5,539 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5539.gif> (2005-09-19),
+# adopted by the same states as before.
+Rule Brazil 2005 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 S
+# Decree 5,920 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5920.gif> (2006-10-03),
+# adopted by the same states as before.
+Rule Brazil 2006 only - Nov 5 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 2007 only - Feb 25 0:00 0 -
+# Decree 6,212 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV6212.gif> (2007-09-26),
+# adopted by the same states as before.
+Rule Brazil 2007 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
+# From Frederico A. C. Neves (2008-09-10):
+# According to this decree
+# http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2008/Decreto/D6558.htm
+# [t]he DST period in Brazil now on will be from the 3rd Oct Sunday to the
+# 3rd Feb Sunday. There is an exception on the return date when this is
+# the Carnival Sunday then the return date will be the next Sunday...
+Rule Brazil 2008 max - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Brazil 2008 2011 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 2012 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 2013 2014 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 2015 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 2016 2022 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 2023 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 2024 2025 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 2026 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 2027 2033 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 2034 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 2035 2036 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Brazil 2037 only - Feb Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
+# From Arthur David Olson (2008-09-29):
+# The next is wrong in some years but is better than nothing.
+Rule Brazil 2038 max - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
+
+# The latest ruleset listed above says that the following states observe DST:
+# DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+#
+# Fernando de Noronha (administratively part of PE)
+Zone America/Noronha -2:09:40 - LMT 1914
+ -2:00 Brazil FN%sT 1990 Sep 17
+ -2:00 - FNT 1999 Sep 30
+ -2:00 Brazil FN%sT 2000 Oct 15
+ -2:00 - FNT 2001 Sep 13
+ -2:00 Brazil FN%sT 2002 Oct 1
+ -2:00 - FNT
+# Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
+# These include Trindade and Martim Vaz (administratively part of ES),
+# Rocas Atoll (RN), and the St Peter and St Paul Archipelago (PE).
+# Fernando de Noronha was a separate territory from 1942-09-02 to 1989-01-01;
+# it also included the Penedos.
+#
+# Amapá (AP), east Pará (PA)
+# East Pará includes Belém, Marabá, Serra Norte, and São Félix do Xingu.
+# The division between east and west Pará is the river Xingu.
+# In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
+# the border with Amapá) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
+Zone America/Belem -3:13:56 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -3:00 - BRT
+#
+# west Pará (PA)
+# West Pará includes Altamira, Óbidos, Prainha, Oriximiná, and Santarém.
+Zone America/Santarem -3:38:48 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -4:00 - AMT 2008 Jun 24 0:00
+ -3:00 - BRT
+#
+# Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
+# Paraíba (PB)
+Zone America/Fortaleza -2:34:00 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17
+ -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2000 Oct 22
+ -3:00 - BRT 2001 Sep 13
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2002 Oct 1
+ -3:00 - BRT
+#
+# Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands)
+Zone America/Recife -2:19:36 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17
+ -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2000 Oct 15
+ -3:00 - BRT 2001 Sep 13
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2002 Oct 1
+ -3:00 - BRT
+#
+# Tocantins (TO)
+Zone America/Araguaina -3:12:48 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17
+ -3:00 - BRT 1995 Sep 14
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2003 Sep 24
+ -3:00 - BRT 2012 Oct 21
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2013 Sep
+ -3:00 - BRT
+#
+# Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
+Zone America/Maceio -2:22:52 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17
+ -3:00 - BRT 1995 Oct 13
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1996 Sep 4
+ -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2000 Oct 22
+ -3:00 - BRT 2001 Sep 13
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2002 Oct 1
+ -3:00 - BRT
+#
+# Bahia (BA)
+# There are too many Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/Bahia instead
+# of America/Salvador.
+Zone America/Bahia -2:34:04 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2003 Sep 24
+ -3:00 - BRT 2011 Oct 16
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2012 Oct 21
+ -3:00 - BRT
+#
+# Goiás (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
+# Espírito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR),
+# Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
+Zone America/Sao_Paulo -3:06:28 - LMT 1914
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1963 Oct 23 0:00
+ -3:00 1:00 BRST 1964
+ -3:00 Brazil BR%sT
+#
+# Mato Grosso do Sul (MS)
+Zone America/Campo_Grande -3:38:28 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT
+#
+# Mato Grosso (MT)
+Zone America/Cuiaba -3:44:20 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 2003 Sep 24
+ -4:00 - AMT 2004 Oct 1
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT
+#
+# Rondônia (RO)
+Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -4:00 - AMT
+#
+# Roraima (RR)
+Zone America/Boa_Vista -4:02:40 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -4:00 - AMT 1999 Sep 30
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 2000 Oct 15
+ -4:00 - AMT
+#
+# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutaí, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
+# The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
+# east from west Amazonas.
+Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -4:00 - AMT 1993 Sep 28
+ -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1994 Sep 22
+ -4:00 - AMT
+#
+# west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
+# Eirunepé, Envira, Ipixuna
+Zone America/Eirunepe -4:39:28 - LMT 1914
+ -5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -5:00 - ACT 1993 Sep 28
+ -5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1994 Sep 22
+ -5:00 - ACT 2008 Jun 24 0:00
+ -4:00 - AMT 2013 Nov 10
+ -5:00 - ACT
+#
+# Acre (AC)
+Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
+ -5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Sep 12
+ -5:00 - ACT 2008 Jun 24 0:00
+ -4:00 - AMT 2013 Nov 10
+ -5:00 - ACT
+
+# Chile
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-03):
+# Shanks & Pottenger says America/Santiago introduced standard time in
+# 1890 and rounds its UTC offset to 70W40; guess that in practice this
+# was the same offset as in 1916-1919. It also says Pacific/Easter
+# standardized on 109W22 in 1890; assume this didn't change the clocks.
+#
+# Dates for America/Santiago from 1910 to 2004 are primarily from
+# the following source, cited by Oscar van Vlijmen (2006-10-08):
+# [1] Chile Law
+# http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/chile.html
+# This contains a copy of a this official table:
+# Cambios en la hora oficial de Chile desde 1900 (retrieved 2008-03-30)
+# http://web.archive.org/web/20080330200901/http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
+# [1] needs several corrections, though.
+#
+# The first set of corrections is from:
+# [2] History of the Official Time of Chile
+# http://www.horaoficial.cl/ing/horaof_ing.html (retrieved 2012-03-06). See:
+# http://web.archive.org/web/20120306042032/http://www.horaoficial.cl/ing/horaof_ing.html
+# This is an English translation of:
+# Historia de la hora oficial de Chile (retrieved 2012-10-24). See:
+# http://web.archive.org/web/20121024234627/http://www.horaoficial.cl/horaof.htm
+# A fancier Spanish version (requiring mouse-clicking) is at:
+# http://www.horaoficial.cl/historia_hora.html
+# Conflicts between [1] and [2] were resolved as follows:
+#
+# - [1] says the 1910 transition was Jan 1, [2] says Jan 10 and cites
+# Boletín No. 1, Aviso No. 1 (1910). Go with [2].
+#
+# - [1] says SMT was -4:42:45, [2] says Chile's official time from
+# 1916 to 1919 was -4:42:46.3, the meridian of Chile's National
+# Astronomical Observatory (OAN), then located in what is now
+# Quinta Normal in Santiago. Go with [2], rounding it to -4:42:46.
+#
+# - [1] says the 1918 transition was Sep 1, [2] says Sep 10 and cites
+# Boletín No. 22, Aviso No. 129/1918 (1918-08-23). Go with [2].
+#
+# - [1] does not give times for transitions; assume they occur
+# at midnight mainland time, the current common practice. However,
+# go with [2]'s specification of 23:00 for the 1947-05-21 transition.
+#
+# Another correction to [1] is from Jesper Nørgaard Welen, who
+# wrote (2006-10-08), "I think that there are some obvious mistakes in
+# the suggested link from Oscar van Vlijmen,... for instance entry 66
+# says that GMT-4 ended 1990-09-12 while entry 67 only begins GMT-3 at
+# 1990-09-15 (they should have been 1990-09-15 and 1990-09-16
+# respectively), but anyhow it clears up some doubts too."
+#
+# Data for Pacific/Easter from 1910 through 1967 come from Shanks &
+# Pottenger. After that, for lack of better info assume
+# Pacific/Easter is always two hours behind America/Santiago;
+# this is known to work for DST transitions starting in 2008 and
+# may well be true for earlier transitions.
+
+# From Eduardo Krell (1995-10-19):
+# The law says to switch to DST at midnight [24:00] on the second SATURDAY
+# of October.... The law is the same for March and October.
+# (1998-09-29):
+# Because of the drought this year, the government decided to go into
+# DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ...
+# (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess).
+
+# From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18):
+# Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
+# on April 3, (one-time change).
+
+# From Germán Poo-Caamaño (2008-03-03):
+# Due to drought, Chile extends Daylight Time in three weeks. This
+# is one-time change (Saturday 3/29 at 24:00 for America/Santiago
+# and Saturday 3/29 at 22:00 for Pacific/Easter)
+# The Supreme Decree is located at
+# http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf
+#
+# From José Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
+# http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm
+
+# From Angel Chiang (2010-03-04):
+# Subject: DST in Chile exceptionally extended to 3 April due to earthquake
+# http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewNoticia.aspx?idArticulo=30098
+#
+# From Arthur David Olson (2010-03-06):
+# Angel Chiang's message confirmed by Julio Pacheco; Julio provided a patch.
+
+# From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-28):
+# http://diario.elmercurio.com/2011/03/28/_portada/_portada/noticias/7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E.htm?id=3D{7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E}
+# In English:
+# Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead
+# of this Saturday. They will go forward again the 3rd Saturday in
+# August, not in October as they have since 1968.
+
+# From Mauricio Parada (2012-02-22), translated by Glenn Eychaner (2012-02-23):
+# As stated in the website of the Chilean Energy Ministry
+# http://www.minenergia.cl/ministerio/noticias/generales/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de.html
+# The Chilean Government has decided to postpone the entrance into winter time
+# (to leave DST) from March 11 2012 to April 28th 2012....
+# Quote from the website communication:
+#
+# 6. For the year 2012, the dates of entry into winter time will be as follows:
+# a. Saturday April 28, 2012, clocks should go back 60 minutes; that is, at
+# 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be 23:00
+# of the same day.
+# b. Saturday, September 1, 2012, clocks should go forward 60 minutes; that is,
+# at 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be
+# 01:00 on September 2.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-02-15):
+# According to several news sources, Chile has extended DST this year,
+# they will end DST later and start DST earlier than planned. They
+# hope to save energy. The new end date is 2013-04-28 00:00 and new
+# start date is 2013-09-08 00:00....
+# http://www.gob.cl/informa/2013/02/15/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de-hora-para-el-ano-2013.htm
+
+# From José Miguel Garrido (2014-02-19):
+# Today appeared in the Diario Oficial a decree amending the time change
+# dates to 2014.
+# DST End: last Saturday of April 2014 (Sun 27 Apr 2014 03:00 UTC)
+# DST Start: first Saturday of September 2014 (Sun 07 Sep 2014 04:00 UTC)
+# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl//media/2014/02/19/do-20140219.pdf
+
+# From Eduardo Romero Urra (2015-03-03):
+# Today has been published officially that Chile will use the DST time
+# permanently until March 25 of 2017
+# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/media/2015/03/03/1-large.jpg
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
+# For now, assume that the extension will persist indefinitely.
+
+# From Juan Correa (2016-03-18):
+# The decree regarding DST has been published in today's Official Gazette:
+# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/versiones-anteriores/do/20160318/
+# http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1088502
+# It does consider the second Saturday of May and August as the dates
+# for the transition; and it lists DST dates until 2019, but I think
+# this scheme will stick.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# For now, assume the pattern holds for the indefinite future.
+# The decree says transitions occur at 24:00; in practice this appears
+# to mean 24:00 mainland time, not 24:00 local time, so that Easter
+# Island is always two hours behind the mainland.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Chile 1927 1931 - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1928 1932 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Chile 1968 only - Nov 3 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1969 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
+Rule Chile 1969 only - Nov 23 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1970 only - Mar 29 3:00u 0 -
+Rule Chile 1971 only - Mar 14 3:00u 0 -
+Rule Chile 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
+Rule Chile 1973 only - Sep 30 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 -
+Rule Chile 1988 1990 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
+Rule Chile 1988 1989 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
+Rule Chile 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
+Rule Chile 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
+Rule Chile 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 -
+Rule Chile 1999 2010 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 2000 2007 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
+# N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
+# which is used below in specifying the transition.
+Rule Chile 2008 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
+Rule Chile 2009 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
+Rule Chile 2010 only - Apr Sun>=1 3:00u 0 -
+Rule Chile 2011 only - May Sun>=2 3:00u 0 -
+Rule Chile 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 2012 2014 - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 -
+Rule Chile 2012 2014 - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 2016 max - May Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
+Rule Chile 2016 max - Aug Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
+# IATA SSIM anomalies: (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
+# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08. Ignore these.
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Santiago -4:42:46 - LMT 1890
+ -4:42:46 - SMT 1910 Jan 10 # Santiago Mean Time
+ -5:00 - CLT 1916 Jul 1 # Chile Time
+ -4:42:46 - SMT 1918 Sep 10
+ -4:00 - CLT 1919 Jul 1
+ -4:42:46 - SMT 1927 Sep 1
+ -5:00 Chile CL%sT 1932 Sep 1
+ -4:00 - CLT 1942 Jun 1
+ -5:00 - CLT 1942 Aug 1
+ -4:00 - CLT 1946 Jul 15
+ -4:00 1:00 CLST 1946 Sep 1 # central Chile
+ -4:00 - CLT 1947 Apr 1
+ -5:00 - CLT 1947 May 21 23:00
+ -4:00 Chile CL%sT
+Zone Pacific/Easter -7:17:28 - LMT 1890
+ -7:17:28 - EMT 1932 Sep # Easter Mean Time
+ -7:00 Chile EAS%sT 1982 Mar 14 3:00u # Easter Time
+ -6:00 Chile EAS%sT
+#
+# Salas y Gómez Island is uninhabited.
+# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernández Is, Desventuradas Is,
+# and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
+
+# Antarctic base using South American rules
+# (See the file 'antarctica' for more.)
+#
+# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
+#
+# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
+# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
+# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
+# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
+# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
+# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - -00 1965
+ -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
+ -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1982 May
+ -4:00 Chile CL%sT
+
+# Colombia
+
+# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899; round to nearest. He writes,
+# "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare."
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule CO 1992 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule CO 1993 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Bogota -4:56:16 - LMT 1884 Mar 13
+ -4:56:16 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time
+ -5:00 CO CO%sT # Colombia Time
+# Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
+# no information; probably like America/Bogota
+
+# Curaçao
+
+# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
+# -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
+# Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
+# 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say
+# Saba Island has been like Curaçao.
+# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
+#
+# By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become
+# associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
+# Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
+# Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones
+# though, as far as we know.
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
+ -4:30 - ANT 1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
+# use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
+# The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen characters
+# and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
+
+Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes # Sint Maarten
+Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk # Caribbean Netherlands
+
+# Ecuador
+#
+# Milne says the Central and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-04):
+# Apparently Ecuador had a failed experiment with DST in 1992.
+# <http://midena.gov.ec/content/view/1261/208/> (2007-02-27) and
+# <http://www.hoy.com.ec/NoticiaNue.asp?row_id=249856> (2006-11-06) both
+# talk about "hora Sixto". Leave this alone for now, as we have no data.
+#
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Guayaquil -5:19:20 - LMT 1890
+ -5:14:00 - QMT 1931 # Quito Mean Time
+ -5:00 - ECT # Ecuador Time
+Zone Pacific/Galapagos -5:58:24 - LMT 1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
+ -5:00 - ECT 1986
+ -6:00 - GALT # Galápagos Time
+
+# Falklands
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Between 1990 and 2000 inclusive, Shanks & Pottenger and the IATA agree except
+# the IATA gives 1996-09-08. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+
+# From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
+# via Jesper Nørgaard:
+# ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
+# April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
+# September. It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
+# am on Sunday 21 April 2002 and advance to summer time at 2 am on
+# Sunday 1 September.
+
+# From Rives McDow (2001-02-13):
+#
+# I have communicated several times with people there, and the last
+# time I had communications that was helpful was in 1998. Here is
+# what was said then:
+#
+# "The general rule was that Stanley used daylight saving and the Camp
+# did not. However for various reasons many people in the Camp have
+# started to use daylight saving (known locally as 'Stanley Time')
+# There is no rule as to who uses daylight saving - it is a matter of
+# personal choice and so it is impossible to draw a map showing who
+# uses it and who does not. Any list would be out of date as soon as
+# it was produced. This year daylight saving ended on April 18/19th
+# and started again on September 12/13th. I do not know what the rule
+# is, but can find out if you like. We do not change at the same time
+# as UK or Chile."
+#
+# I did have in my notes that the rule was "Second Saturday in Sep at
+# 0:00 until third Saturday in Apr at 0:00". I think that this does
+# not agree in some cases with Shanks; is this true?
+#
+# Also, there is no mention in the list that some areas in the
+# Falklands do not use DST. I have found in my communications there
+# that these areas are on the western half of East Falkland and all of
+# West Falkland. Stanley is the only place that consistently observes
+# DST. Again, as in other places in the world, the farmers don't like
+# it. West Falkland is almost entirely sheep farmers.
+#
+# I know one lady there that keeps a list of which farm keeps DST and
+# which doesn't each year. She runs a shop in Stanley, and says that
+# the list changes each year. She uses it to communicate to her
+# customers, catching them when they are home for lunch or dinner.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
+# For now, we'll just record the time in Stanley, since we have no
+# better info.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-04-01):
+# The Falkland Islands will not turn back clocks this winter, but stay on
+# daylight saving time.
+#
+# One source:
+# http://www.falklandnews.com/public/story.cfm?get=5914&source=3
+#
+# We have gotten this confirmed by a clerk of the legislative assembly:
+# Normally the clocks revert to Local Mean Time (UTC/GMT -4 hours) on the
+# third Sunday of April at 0200hrs and advance to Summer Time (UTC/GMT -3
+# hours) on the first Sunday of September at 0200hrs.
+#
+# IMPORTANT NOTE: During 2011, on a trial basis, the Falkland Islands
+# will not revert to local mean time, but clocks will remain on Summer
+# time (UTC/GMT - 3 hours) throughout the whole of 2011. Any long term
+# change to local time following the trial period will be notified.
+#
+# From Andrew Newman (2012-02-24)
+# A letter from Justin McPhee, Chief Executive,
+# Cable & Wireless Falkland Islands (dated 2012-02-22)
+# states...
+# The current Atlantic/Stanley entry under South America expects the
+# clocks to go back to standard Falklands Time (FKT) on the 15th April.
+# The database entry states that in 2011 Stanley was staying on fixed
+# summer time on a trial basis only. FIG need to contact IANA and/or
+# the maintainers of the database to inform them we're adopting
+# the same policy this year and suggest recommendations for future years.
+#
+# For now we will assume permanent summer time for the Falklands
+# until advised differently (to apply for 2012 and beyond, after the 2011
+# experiment was apparently successful.)
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Falk 1937 1938 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1938 1942 - Mar Sun>=19 0:00 0 -
+Rule Falk 1939 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1940 1942 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1943 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Falk 1983 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1984 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Falk 1984 only - Sep 16 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1985 2000 - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1986 2000 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 0 -
+Rule Falk 2001 2010 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
+Rule Falk 2001 2010 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Atlantic/Stanley -3:51:24 - LMT 1890
+ -3:51:24 - SMT 1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
+ -4:00 Falk FK%sT 1983 May # Falkland Is Time
+ -3:00 Falk FK%sT 1985 Sep 15
+ -4:00 Falk FK%sT 2010 Sep 5 2:00
+ -3:00 - FKST
+
+# French Guiana
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Cayenne -3:29:20 - LMT 1911 Jul
+ -4:00 - GFT 1967 Oct # French Guiana Time
+ -3:00 - GFT
+
+# Guyana
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Guyana -3:52:40 - LMT 1915 Mar # Georgetown
+ -3:45 - GBGT 1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time
+ -3:45 - GYT 1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time
+ -3:00 - GYT 1991
+# IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00. Assume a 1991 switch.
+ -4:00 - GYT
+
+# Paraguay
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are 01:00 -> 02:00,
+# and autumn transitions are 00:00 -> 23:00. Go with pre-1999
+# editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
+#
+# From Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo (2013-09-20):
+# No time of the day is established for the adjustment, so people normally
+# adjust their clocks at 0 hour of the given dates.
+#
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Para 1975 1988 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1975 1978 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Para 1979 1991 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Para 1989 only - Oct 22 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1990 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1991 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1992 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Para 1992 only - Oct 5 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1993 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 -
+Rule Para 1993 1995 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 1994 1995 - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
+Rule Para 1996 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
+# IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10; ignore this for now.
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-02):
+# I have three independent reports that Paraguay changed to DST this Sunday
+# (10-01).
+#
+# Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
+# Noticias, a daily paper in Asunción, Paraguay (2000-10-01):
+# http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm
+# Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
+# fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power.... The time change
+# system has been operating for several years. Formerly there was a separate
+# decree each year; the new law has the same effect, but permanently. Every
+# year, the time will change on the first Sunday of October; likewise, the
+# clock will be set back on the first Sunday of March.
+#
+Rule Para 1996 2001 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Para 1997 only - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
+# Shanks & Pottenger say 1999-02-28; IATA SSIM (1999-02) says 1999-02-27, but
+# (1999-09) reports no date; go with above sources and Gerd Knops (2001-02-27).
+Rule Para 1998 2001 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+# From Rives McDow (2002-02-28):
+# A decree was issued in Paraguay (No. 16350) on 2002-02-26 that changed the
+# dst method to be from the first Sunday in September to the first Sunday in
+# April.
+Rule Para 2002 2004 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Para 2002 2003 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+#
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
+# There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made
+# a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
+# Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05)
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso via Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
+# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/decretos/D1867.pdf
+Rule Para 2004 2009 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 2005 2009 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00 0 -
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2010-02-18):
+# By decree number 3958 issued yesterday
+# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/decreto3958.pdf
+# Paraguay changes its DST schedule, postponing the March rule to April and
+# modifying the October date. The decree reads:
+# ...
+# Art. 1. It is hereby established that from the second Sunday of the month of
+# April of this year (2010), the official time is to be set back 60 minutes,
+# and that on the first Sunday of the month of October, it is to be set
+# forward 60 minutes, in all the territory of the Paraguayan Republic.
+# ...
+Rule Para 2010 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Para 2010 2012 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 0 -
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-07):
+# Paraguay will end DST on 2013-03-24 00:00....
+# http://www.ande.gov.py/interna.php?id=1075
+#
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2013-03-15):
+# The change in Paraguay is now final. Decree number 10780
+# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/uploads/pdf/presidencia-3b86ff4b691c79d4f5927ca964922ec74772ce857c02ca054a52a37b49afc7fb.pdf
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2014-02-28):
+# Decree 1264 can be found at:
+# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/archivos/documentos/DECRETO1264_ey9r8zai.pdf
+Rule Para 2013 max - Mar Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890
+ -3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asunción Mean Time
+ -4:00 - PYT 1972 Oct # Paraguay Time
+ -3:00 - PYT 1974 Apr
+ -4:00 Para PY%sT
+
+# Peru
+#
+# From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26)
+# <news:xrGmb.39935$gA1.13896113@news4.srv.hcvlny.cv.net>:
+# When we were in Peru in 1985-1986, they apparently switched over
+# sometime between December 29 and January 3 while we were on the Amazon.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# Shanks & Pottenger don't have this transition. Assume 1986 was like 1987.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule Peru 1938 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Peru 1938 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Peru 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Peru 1939 1940 - Mar Sun>=24 0:00 0 -
+Rule Peru 1986 1987 - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Peru 1986 1987 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Peru 1990 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Peru 1990 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+# IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Peru 1994 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Peru 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Lima -5:08:12 - LMT 1890
+ -5:08:36 - LMT 1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time?
+ -5:00 Peru PE%sT # Peru Time
+
+# South Georgia
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 - LMT 1890 # Grytviken
+ -2:00 - GST # South Georgia Time
+
+# South Sandwich Is
+# uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
+
+# Suriname
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Paramaribo -3:40:40 - LMT 1911
+ -3:40:52 - PMT 1935 # Paramaribo Mean Time
+ -3:40:36 - PMT 1945 Oct # The capital moved?
+ -3:30 - NEGT 1975 Nov 20 # Dutch Guiana Time
+ -3:30 - SRT 1984 Oct # Suriname Time
+ -3:00 - SRT
+
+# Trinidad and Tobago
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
+ -4:00 - AST
+
+# These all agree with Trinidad and Tobago since 1970.
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Anguilla
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Antigua
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Dominica
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Grenada
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Guadeloupe
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot # St Martin (French part)
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Montserrat
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy # St Barthélemy
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts # St Kitts & Nevis
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Lucia
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas # Virgin Islands (US)
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Vincent
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Tortola # Virgin Islands (UK)
+
+# Uruguay
+# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
+# Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
+# From Shanks & Pottenger:
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+# Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Uruguay 1923 only - Oct 2 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Uruguay 1924 1926 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Uruguay 1933 1935 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
+# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 1 0:00 & 1936 Mar 30 0:00; go with Whitman.
+Rule Uruguay 1934 1936 - Mar Sat>=25 23:30s 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Uruguay 1937 1941 - Mar lastSun 0:00 0 -
+# Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Uruguay 1937 1940 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
+# Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
+# and 1943 Apr 13 "to present time"; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Rule Uruguay 1941 only - Aug 1 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1943 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1959 only - May 24 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1959 only - Nov 15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1960 only - Jan 17 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1960 only - Mar 6 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1965 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1965 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1966 1967 - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1968 1970 - May 27 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Uruguay 1968 1970 - Dec 2 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1972 only - Apr 24 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1972 only - Aug 15 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Mar 10 0:00 0:30 HS
+Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Dec 22 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1976 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1977 only - Dec 4 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1978 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1980 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1987 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Dec 11 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Mar 12 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Oct 29 0:00 1:00 S
+# Shanks & Pottenger say no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
+# and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01. Go with IATA.
+Rule Uruguay 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+Rule Uruguay 1990 1991 - Oct Sun>=21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1992 only - Oct 18 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 1993 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 -
+# From Eduardo Cota (2004-09-20):
+# The Uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time....
+# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/decretos/2004091502.htm
+Rule Uruguay 2004 only - Sep 19 0:00 1:00 S
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-03-11):
+# Uruguay's DST was scheduled to end on Sunday, 2005-03-13, but in order to
+# save energy ... it was postponed two weeks....
+# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/noticias/2005/03/2005031005.htm
+Rule Uruguay 2005 only - Mar 27 2:00 0 -
+# From Eduardo Cota (2005-09-27):
+# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/decretos/2005/09/CM%20119_09%2009%202005_00001.PDF
+# This means that from 2005-10-09 at 02:00 local time, until 2006-03-12 at
+# 02:00 local time, official time in Uruguay will be at GMT -2.
+Rule Uruguay 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 2006 only - Mar 12 2:00 0 -
+# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
+# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_web/decretos/2006/09/CM%20210_08%2006%202006_00001.PDF
+#
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-06-30):
+# ... it looks like they will not be using DST the coming summer:
+# http://www.elobservador.com.uy/gobierno-resolvio-que-no-habra-cambio-horario-verano-n656787
+# http://www.republica.com.uy/este-ano-no-se-modificara-el-huso-horario-en-uruguay/523760/
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-30):
+# Apparently restaurateurs complained that DST caused people to go to the beach
+# instead of out to dinner.
+# From Pablo Camargo (2015-07-13):
+# http://archivo.presidencia.gub.uy/sci/decretos/2015/06/cons_min_201.pdf
+# [dated 2015-06-29; repeals Decree 311/006 dated 2006-09-04]
+Rule Uruguay 2006 2014 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
+Rule Uruguay 2007 2015 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 0 -
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 - LMT 1898 Jun 28
+ -3:44:44 - MMT 1920 May 1 # Montevideo MT
+ -3:30 Uruguay UY%sT 1942 Dec 14 # Uruguay Time
+ -3:00 Uruguay UY%sT
+
+# Venezuela
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-28):
+# For the 1965 transition see Gaceta Oficial No. 27.619 (1964-12-15), p 205.533
+# http://www.pgr.gob.ve/dmdocuments/1964/27619.pdf
+#
+# From John Stainforth (2007-11-28):
+# ... the change for Venezuela originally expected for 2007-12-31 has
+# been brought forward to 2007-12-09. The official announcement was
+# published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la República Bolivariana
+# de Venezuela, número 38.819" (official document for all laws or
+# resolution publication)
+# http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=72208
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-04-15):
+# https://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/204758-venezuela-modificar-huso-horario-sequia-elnino
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15):
+# Clocks advance 30 minutes on 2016-05-01 at 02:30....
+# "'Venezuela's new time-zone: hours without light, hours without water,
+# hours of presidential broadcasts, hours of lines,' quipped comedian
+# Jean Mary Curró ...". See: Cawthorne A, Kai D. Venezuela scraps
+# half-hour time difference set by Chavez. Reuters 2016-04-15 14:50 -0400
+# http://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-timezone-idUSKCN0XC2BE
+#
+# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-20):
+# ... published in the official Gazette [2016-04-18], here:
+# http://historico.tsj.gob.ve/gaceta_ext/abril/1842016/E-1842016-4551.pdf
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone America/Caracas -4:27:44 - LMT 1890
+ -4:27:40 - CMT 1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
+ -4:30 - VET 1965 Jan 1 0:00 # Venezuela T.
+ -4:00 - VET 2007 Dec 9 3:00
+ -4:30 - VET 2016 May 1 2:30
+ -4:00 - VET
Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/southamerica
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Index: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/zone.tab
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/zone.tab (nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/zone.tab (revision 306848)
@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+# tz zone descriptions (deprecated version)
+#
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
+# This file is intended as a backward-compatibility aid for older programs.
+# New programs should use zone1970.tab. This file is like zone1970.tab (see
+# zone1970.tab's comments), but with the following additional restrictions:
+#
+# 1. This file contains only ASCII characters.
+# 2. The first data column contains exactly one country code.
+#
+# Because of (2), each row stands for an area that is the intersection
+# of a region identified by a country code and of a zone where civil
+# clocks have agreed since 1970; this is a narrower definition than
+# that of zone1970.tab.
+#
+# This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
+# zone data entries appropriate for their practical needs. It is not
+# intended to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
+#
+#country-
+#code coordinates TZ comments
+AD +4230+00131 Europe/Andorra
+AE +2518+05518 Asia/Dubai
+AF +3431+06912 Asia/Kabul
+AG +1703-06148 America/Antigua
+AI +1812-06304 America/Anguilla
+AL +4120+01950 Europe/Tirane
+AM +4011+04430 Asia/Yerevan
+AO -0848+01314 Africa/Luanda
+AQ -7750+16636 Antarctica/McMurdo New Zealand time - McMurdo, South Pole
+AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey
+AQ -6835+07758 Antarctica/Davis Davis
+AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville
+AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson
+AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer
+AQ -6734-06808 Antarctica/Rothera Rothera
+AQ -690022+0393524 Antarctica/Syowa Syowa
+AQ -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll
+AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok
+AR -3436-05827 America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
+AR -3124-06411 America/Argentina/Cordoba Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
+AR -2447-06525 America/Argentina/Salta Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
+AR -2411-06518 America/Argentina/Jujuy Jujuy (JY)
+AR -2649-06513 America/Argentina/Tucuman Tucuman (TM)
+AR -2828-06547 America/Argentina/Catamarca Catamarca (CT); Chubut (CH)
+AR -2926-06651 America/Argentina/La_Rioja La Rioja (LR)
+AR -3132-06831 America/Argentina/San_Juan San Juan (SJ)
+AR -3253-06849 America/Argentina/Mendoza Mendoza (MZ)
+AR -3319-06621 America/Argentina/San_Luis San Luis (SL)
+AR -5138-06913 America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos Santa Cruz (SC)
+AR -5448-06818 America/Argentina/Ushuaia Tierra del Fuego (TF)
+AS -1416-17042 Pacific/Pago_Pago
+AT +4813+01620 Europe/Vienna
+AU -3133+15905 Australia/Lord_Howe Lord Howe Island
+AU -5430+15857 Antarctica/Macquarie Macquarie Island
+AU -4253+14719 Australia/Hobart Tasmania (most areas)
+AU -3956+14352 Australia/Currie Tasmania (King Island)
+AU -3749+14458 Australia/Melbourne Victoria
+AU -3352+15113 Australia/Sydney New South Wales (most areas)
+AU -3157+14127 Australia/Broken_Hill New South Wales (Yancowinna)
+AU -2728+15302 Australia/Brisbane Queensland (most areas)
+AU -2016+14900 Australia/Lindeman Queensland (Whitsunday Islands)
+AU -3455+13835 Australia/Adelaide South Australia
+AU -1228+13050 Australia/Darwin Northern Territory
+AU -3157+11551 Australia/Perth Western Australia (most areas)
+AU -3143+12852 Australia/Eucla Western Australia (Eucla)
+AW +1230-06958 America/Aruba
+AX +6006+01957 Europe/Mariehamn
+AZ +4023+04951 Asia/Baku
+BA +4352+01825 Europe/Sarajevo
+BB +1306-05937 America/Barbados
+BD +2343+09025 Asia/Dhaka
+BE +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels
+BF +1222-00131 Africa/Ouagadougou
+BG +4241+02319 Europe/Sofia
+BH +2623+05035 Asia/Bahrain
+BI -0323+02922 Africa/Bujumbura
+BJ +0629+00237 Africa/Porto-Novo
+BL +1753-06251 America/St_Barthelemy
+BM +3217-06446 Atlantic/Bermuda
+BN +0456+11455 Asia/Brunei
+BO -1630-06809 America/La_Paz
+BQ +120903-0681636 America/Kralendijk
+BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Atlantic islands
+BR -0127-04829 America/Belem Para (east); Amapa
+BR -0343-03830 America/Fortaleza Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
+BR -0803-03454 America/Recife Pernambuco
+BR -0712-04812 America/Araguaina Tocantins
+BR -0940-03543 America/Maceio Alagoas, Sergipe
+BR -1259-03831 America/Bahia Bahia
+BR -2332-04637 America/Sao_Paulo Brazil (southeast: GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
+BR -2027-05437 America/Campo_Grande Mato Grosso do Sul
+BR -1535-05605 America/Cuiaba Mato Grosso
+BR -0226-05452 America/Santarem Para (west)
+BR -0846-06354 America/Porto_Velho Rondonia
+BR +0249-06040 America/Boa_Vista Roraima
+BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus Amazonas (east)
+BR -0640-06952 America/Eirunepe Amazonas (west)
+BR -0958-06748 America/Rio_Branco Acre
+BS +2505-07721 America/Nassau
+BT +2728+08939 Asia/Thimphu
+BW -2439+02555 Africa/Gaborone
+BY +5354+02734 Europe/Minsk
+BZ +1730-08812 America/Belize
+CA +4734-05243 America/St_Johns Newfoundland; Labrador (southeast)
+CA +4439-06336 America/Halifax Atlantic - NS (most areas); PE
+CA +4612-05957 America/Glace_Bay Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton)
+CA +4606-06447 America/Moncton Atlantic - New Brunswick
+CA +5320-06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlantic - Labrador (most areas)
+CA +5125-05707 America/Blanc-Sablon AST - QC (Lower North Shore)
+CA +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern - ON, QC (most areas)
+CA +4901-08816 America/Nipigon Eastern - ON, QC (no DST 1967-73)
+CA +4823-08915 America/Thunder_Bay Eastern - ON (Thunder Bay)
+CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern - NU (most east areas)
+CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Eastern - NU (Pangnirtung)
+CA +484531-0913718 America/Atikokan EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H)
+CA +4953-09709 America/Winnipeg Central - ON (west); Manitoba
+CA +4843-09434 America/Rainy_River Central - ON (Rainy R, Ft Frances)
+CA +744144-0944945 America/Resolute Central - NU (Resolute)
+CA +624900-0920459 America/Rankin_Inlet Central - NU (central)
+CA +5024-10439 America/Regina CST - SK (most areas)
+CA +5017-10750 America/Swift_Current CST - SK (midwest)
+CA +5333-11328 America/Edmonton Mountain - AB; BC (E); SK (W)
+CA +690650-1050310 America/Cambridge_Bay Mountain - NU (west)
+CA +6227-11421 America/Yellowknife Mountain - NT (central)
+CA +682059-1334300 America/Inuvik Mountain - NT (west)
+CA +4906-11631 America/Creston MST - BC (Creston)
+CA +5946-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
+CA +5848-12242 America/Fort_Nelson MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
+CA +4916-12307 America/Vancouver Pacific - BC (most areas)
+CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse Pacific - Yukon (south)
+CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson Pacific - Yukon (north)
+CC -1210+09655 Indian/Cocos
+CD -0418+01518 Africa/Kinshasa Dem. Rep. of Congo (west)
+CD -1140+02728 Africa/Lubumbashi Dem. Rep. of Congo (east)
+CF +0422+01835 Africa/Bangui
+CG -0416+01517 Africa/Brazzaville
+CH +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich
+CI +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan
+CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga
+CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago Chile (most areas)
+CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island
+CM +0403+00942 Africa/Douala
+CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time
+CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time
+CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota
+CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica
+CU +2308-08222 America/Havana
+CV +1455-02331 Atlantic/Cape_Verde
+CW +1211-06900 America/Curacao
+CX -1025+10543 Indian/Christmas
+CY +3510+03322 Asia/Nicosia
+CZ +5005+01426 Europe/Prague
+DE +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin Germany (most areas)
+DE +4742+00841 Europe/Busingen Busingen
+DJ +1136+04309 Africa/Djibouti
+DK +5540+01235 Europe/Copenhagen
+DM +1518-06124 America/Dominica
+DO +1828-06954 America/Santo_Domingo
+DZ +3647+00303 Africa/Algiers
+EC -0210-07950 America/Guayaquil Ecuador (mainland)
+EC -0054-08936 Pacific/Galapagos Galapagos Islands
+EE +5925+02445 Europe/Tallinn
+EG +3003+03115 Africa/Cairo
+EH +2709-01312 Africa/El_Aaiun
+ER +1520+03853 Africa/Asmara
+ES +4024-00341 Europe/Madrid Spain (mainland)
+ES +3553-00519 Africa/Ceuta Ceuta, Melilla
+ES +2806-01524 Atlantic/Canary Canary Islands
+ET +0902+03842 Africa/Addis_Ababa
+FI +6010+02458 Europe/Helsinki
+FJ -1808+17825 Pacific/Fiji
+FK -5142-05751 Atlantic/Stanley
+FM +0725+15147 Pacific/Chuuk Chuuk/Truk, Yap
+FM +0658+15813 Pacific/Pohnpei Pohnpei/Ponape
+FM +0519+16259 Pacific/Kosrae Kosrae
+FO +6201-00646 Atlantic/Faroe
+FR +4852+00220 Europe/Paris
+GA +0023+00927 Africa/Libreville
+GB +513030-0000731 Europe/London
+GD +1203-06145 America/Grenada
+GE +4143+04449 Asia/Tbilisi
+GF +0456-05220 America/Cayenne
+GG +4927-00232 Europe/Guernsey
+GH +0533-00013 Africa/Accra
+GI +3608-00521 Europe/Gibraltar
+GL +6411-05144 America/Godthab Greenland (most areas)
+GL +7646-01840 America/Danmarkshavn National Park (east coast)
+GL +7029-02158 America/Scoresbysund Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit
+GL +7634-06847 America/Thule Thule/Pituffik
+GM +1328-01639 Africa/Banjul
+GN +0931-01343 Africa/Conakry
+GP +1614-06132 America/Guadeloupe
+GQ +0345+00847 Africa/Malabo
+GR +3758+02343 Europe/Athens
+GS -5416-03632 Atlantic/South_Georgia
+GT +1438-09031 America/Guatemala
+GU +1328+14445 Pacific/Guam
+GW +1151-01535 Africa/Bissau
+GY +0648-05810 America/Guyana
+HK +2217+11409 Asia/Hong_Kong
+HN +1406-08713 America/Tegucigalpa
+HR +4548+01558 Europe/Zagreb
+HT +1832-07220 America/Port-au-Prince
+HU +4730+01905 Europe/Budapest
+ID -0610+10648 Asia/Jakarta Java, Sumatra
+ID -0002+10920 Asia/Pontianak Borneo (west, central)
+ID -0507+11924 Asia/Makassar Borneo (east, south); Sulawesi/Celebes, Bali, Nusa Tengarra; Timor (west)
+ID -0232+14042 Asia/Jayapura New Guinea (West Papua / Irian Jaya); Malukus/Moluccas
+IE +5320-00615 Europe/Dublin
+IL +314650+0351326 Asia/Jerusalem
+IM +5409-00428 Europe/Isle_of_Man
+IN +2232+08822 Asia/Kolkata
+IO -0720+07225 Indian/Chagos
+IQ +3321+04425 Asia/Baghdad
+IR +3540+05126 Asia/Tehran
+IS +6409-02151 Atlantic/Reykjavik
+IT +4154+01229 Europe/Rome
+JE +4912-00207 Europe/Jersey
+JM +175805-0764736 America/Jamaica
+JO +3157+03556 Asia/Amman
+JP +353916+1394441 Asia/Tokyo
+KE -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi
+KG +4254+07436 Asia/Bishkek
+KH +1133+10455 Asia/Phnom_Penh
+KI +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilbert Islands
+KI -0308-17105 Pacific/Enderbury Phoenix Islands
+KI +0152-15720 Pacific/Kiritimati Line Islands
+KM -1141+04316 Indian/Comoro
+KN +1718-06243 America/St_Kitts
+KP +3901+12545 Asia/Pyongyang
+KR +3733+12658 Asia/Seoul
+KW +2920+04759 Asia/Kuwait
+KY +1918-08123 America/Cayman
+KZ +4315+07657 Asia/Almaty Kazakhstan (most areas)
+KZ +4448+06528 Asia/Qyzylorda Qyzylorda/Kyzylorda/Kzyl-Orda
+KZ +5017+05710 Asia/Aqtobe Aqtobe/Aktobe
+KZ +4431+05016 Asia/Aqtau Atyrau/Atirau/Gur'yev, Mangghystau/Mankistau
+KZ +5113+05121 Asia/Oral West Kazakhstan
+LA +1758+10236 Asia/Vientiane
+LB +3353+03530 Asia/Beirut
+LC +1401-06100 America/St_Lucia
+LI +4709+00931 Europe/Vaduz
+LK +0656+07951 Asia/Colombo
+LR +0618-01047 Africa/Monrovia
+LS -2928+02730 Africa/Maseru
+LT +5441+02519 Europe/Vilnius
+LU +4936+00609 Europe/Luxembourg
+LV +5657+02406 Europe/Riga
+LY +3254+01311 Africa/Tripoli
+MA +3339-00735 Africa/Casablanca
+MC +4342+00723 Europe/Monaco
+MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau
+ME +4226+01916 Europe/Podgorica
+MF +1804-06305 America/Marigot
+MG -1855+04731 Indian/Antananarivo
+MH +0709+17112 Pacific/Majuro Marshall Islands (most areas)
+MH +0905+16720 Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein
+MK +4159+02126 Europe/Skopje
+ML +1239-00800 Africa/Bamako
+MM +1647+09610 Asia/Yangon
+MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulaanbaatar Mongolia (most areas)
+MN +4801+09139 Asia/Hovd Bayan-Olgiy, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
+MN +4804+11430 Asia/Choibalsan Dornod, Sukhbaatar
+MO +2214+11335 Asia/Macau
+MP +1512+14545 Pacific/Saipan
+MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique
+MR +1806-01557 Africa/Nouakchott
+MS +1643-06213 America/Montserrat
+MT +3554+01431 Europe/Malta
+MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius
+MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives
+MW -1547+03500 Africa/Blantyre
+MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Time
+MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo
+MX +2058-08937 America/Merida Central Time - Campeche, Yucatan
+MX +2540-10019 America/Monterrey Central Time - Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (most areas)
+MX +2550-09730 America/Matamoros Central Time US - Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (US border)
+MX +2313-10625 America/Mazatlan Mountain Time - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
+MX +2838-10605 America/Chihuahua Mountain Time - Chihuahua (most areas)
+MX +2934-10425 America/Ojinaga Mountain Time US - Chihuahua (US border)
+MX +2904-11058 America/Hermosillo Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
+MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana Pacific Time US - Baja California
+MX +2048-10515 America/Bahia_Banderas Central Time - Bahia de Banderas
+MY +0310+10142 Asia/Kuala_Lumpur Malaysia (peninsula)
+MY +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah, Sarawak
+MZ -2558+03235 Africa/Maputo
+NA -2234+01706 Africa/Windhoek
+NC -2216+16627 Pacific/Noumea
+NE +1331+00207 Africa/Niamey
+NF -2903+16758 Pacific/Norfolk
+NG +0627+00324 Africa/Lagos
+NI +1209-08617 America/Managua
+NL +5222+00454 Europe/Amsterdam
+NO +5955+01045 Europe/Oslo
+NP +2743+08519 Asia/Kathmandu
+NR -0031+16655 Pacific/Nauru
+NU -1901-16955 Pacific/Niue
+NZ -3652+17446 Pacific/Auckland New Zealand (most areas)
+NZ -4357-17633 Pacific/Chatham Chatham Islands
+OM +2336+05835 Asia/Muscat
+PA +0858-07932 America/Panama
+PE -1203-07703 America/Lima
+PF -1732-14934 Pacific/Tahiti Society Islands
+PF -0900-13930 Pacific/Marquesas Marquesas Islands
+PF -2308-13457 Pacific/Gambier Gambier Islands
+PG -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby Papua New Guinea (most areas)
+PG -0613+15534 Pacific/Bougainville Bougainville
+PH +1435+12100 Asia/Manila
+PK +2452+06703 Asia/Karachi
+PL +5215+02100 Europe/Warsaw
+PM +4703-05620 America/Miquelon
+PN -2504-13005 Pacific/Pitcairn
+PR +182806-0660622 America/Puerto_Rico
+PS +3130+03428 Asia/Gaza Gaza Strip
+PS +313200+0350542 Asia/Hebron West Bank
+PT +3843-00908 Europe/Lisbon Portugal (mainland)
+PT +3238-01654 Atlantic/Madeira Madeira Islands
+PT +3744-02540 Atlantic/Azores Azores
+PW +0720+13429 Pacific/Palau
+PY -2516-05740 America/Asuncion
+QA +2517+05132 Asia/Qatar
+RE -2052+05528 Indian/Reunion
+RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest
+RS +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade
+RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
+RU +554521+0373704 Europe/Moscow MSK+00 - Moscow area
+RU +4457+03406 Europe/Simferopol MSK+00 - Crimea
+RU +4844+04425 Europe/Volgograd MSK+00 - Volgograd, Saratov
+RU +5836+04939 Europe/Kirov MSK+00 - Kirov
+RU +4621+04803 Europe/Astrakhan MSK+01 - Astrakhan
+RU +5312+05009 Europe/Samara MSK+01 - Samara, Udmurtia
+RU +5420+04824 Europe/Ulyanovsk MSK+01 - Ulyanovsk
+RU +5651+06036 Asia/Yekaterinburg MSK+02 - Urals
+RU +5500+07324 Asia/Omsk MSK+03 - Omsk
+RU +5502+08255 Asia/Novosibirsk MSK+03 - Novosibirsk
+RU +5322+08345 Asia/Barnaul MSK+04 - Altai
+RU +5630+08458 Asia/Tomsk MSK+04 - Tomsk
+RU +5345+08707 Asia/Novokuznetsk MSK+04 - Kemerovo
+RU +5601+09250 Asia/Krasnoyarsk MSK+04 - Krasnoyarsk area
+RU +5216+10420 Asia/Irkutsk MSK+05 - Irkutsk, Buryatia
+RU +5203+11328 Asia/Chita MSK+06 - Zabaykalsky
+RU +6200+12940 Asia/Yakutsk MSK+06 - Lena River
+RU +623923+1353314 Asia/Khandyga MSK+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
+RU +4310+13156 Asia/Vladivostok MSK+07 - Amur River
+RU +643337+1431336 Asia/Ust-Nera MSK+07 - Oymyakonsky
+RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan MSK+08 - Magadan
+RU +4658+14242 Asia/Sakhalin MSK+08 - Sakhalin Island
+RU +6728+15343 Asia/Srednekolymsk MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is
+RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka MSK+09 - Kamchatka
+RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr MSK+09 - Bering Sea
+RW -0157+03004 Africa/Kigali
+SA +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh
+SB -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal
+SC -0440+05528 Indian/Mahe
+SD +1536+03232 Africa/Khartoum
+SE +5920+01803 Europe/Stockholm
+SG +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore
+SH -1555-00542 Atlantic/St_Helena
+SI +4603+01431 Europe/Ljubljana
+SJ +7800+01600 Arctic/Longyearbyen
+SK +4809+01707 Europe/Bratislava
+SL +0830-01315 Africa/Freetown
+SM +4355+01228 Europe/San_Marino
+SN +1440-01726 Africa/Dakar
+SO +0204+04522 Africa/Mogadishu
+SR +0550-05510 America/Paramaribo
+SS +0451+03136 Africa/Juba
+ST +0020+00644 Africa/Sao_Tome
+SV +1342-08912 America/El_Salvador
+SX +180305-0630250 America/Lower_Princes
+SY +3330+03618 Asia/Damascus
+SZ -2618+03106 Africa/Mbabane
+TC +2128-07108 America/Grand_Turk
+TD +1207+01503 Africa/Ndjamena
+TF -492110+0701303 Indian/Kerguelen
+TG +0608+00113 Africa/Lome
+TH +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok
+TJ +3835+06848 Asia/Dushanbe
+TK -0922-17114 Pacific/Fakaofo
+TL -0833+12535 Asia/Dili
+TM +3757+05823 Asia/Ashgabat
+TN +3648+01011 Africa/Tunis
+TO -2110-17510 Pacific/Tongatapu
+TR +4101+02858 Europe/Istanbul
+TT +1039-06131 America/Port_of_Spain
+TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti
+TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei
+TZ -0648+03917 Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
+UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev Ukraine (most areas)
+UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Ruthenia
+UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozh'ye/Zaporizhia; Lugansk/Luhansk (east)
+UG +0019+03225 Africa/Kampala
+UM +1645-16931 Pacific/Johnston Johnston Atoll
+UM +2813-17722 Pacific/Midway Midway Islands
+UM +1917+16637 Pacific/Wake Wake Island
+US +404251-0740023 America/New_York Eastern (most areas)
+US +421953-0830245 America/Detroit Eastern - MI (most areas)
+US +381515-0854534 America/Kentucky/Louisville Eastern - KY (Louisville area)
+US +364947-0845057 America/Kentucky/Monticello Eastern - KY (Wayne)
+US +394606-0860929 America/Indiana/Indianapolis Eastern - IN (most areas)
+US +384038-0873143 America/Indiana/Vincennes Eastern - IN (Da, Du, K, Mn)
+US +410305-0863611 America/Indiana/Winamac Eastern - IN (Pulaski)
+US +382232-0862041 America/Indiana/Marengo Eastern - IN (Crawford)
+US +382931-0871643 America/Indiana/Petersburg Eastern - IN (Pike)
+US +384452-0850402 America/Indiana/Vevay Eastern - IN (Switzerland)
+US +415100-0873900 America/Chicago Central (most areas)
+US +375711-0864541 America/Indiana/Tell_City Central - IN (Perry)
+US +411745-0863730 America/Indiana/Knox Central - IN (Starke)
+US +450628-0873651 America/Menominee Central - MI (Wisconsin border)
+US +470659-1011757 America/North_Dakota/Center Central - ND (Oliver)
+US +465042-1012439 America/North_Dakota/New_Salem Central - ND (Morton rural)
+US +471551-1014640 America/North_Dakota/Beulah Central - ND (Mercer)
+US +394421-1045903 America/Denver Mountain (most areas)
+US +433649-1161209 America/Boise Mountain - ID (south); OR (east)
+US +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix MST - Arizona (except Navajo)
+US +340308-1181434 America/Los_Angeles Pacific
+US +611305-1495401 America/Anchorage Alaska (most areas)
+US +581807-1342511 America/Juneau Alaska - Juneau area
+US +571035-1351807 America/Sitka Alaska - Sitka area
+US +550737-1313435 America/Metlakatla Alaska - Annette Island
+US +593249-1394338 America/Yakutat Alaska - Yakutat
+US +643004-1652423 America/Nome Alaska (west)
+US +515248-1763929 America/Adak Aleutian Islands
+US +211825-1575130 Pacific/Honolulu Hawaii
+UY -3453-05611 America/Montevideo
+UZ +3940+06648 Asia/Samarkand Uzbekistan (west)
+UZ +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent Uzbekistan (east)
+VA +415408+0122711 Europe/Vatican
+VC +1309-06114 America/St_Vincent
+VE +1030-06656 America/Caracas
+VG +1827-06437 America/Tortola
+VI +1821-06456 America/St_Thomas
+VN +1045+10640 Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh
+VU -1740+16825 Pacific/Efate
+WF -1318-17610 Pacific/Wallis
+WS -1350-17144 Pacific/Apia
+YE +1245+04512 Asia/Aden
+YT -1247+04514 Indian/Mayotte
+ZA -2615+02800 Africa/Johannesburg
+ZM -1525+02817 Africa/Lusaka
+ZW -1750+03103 Africa/Harare
Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/zone.tab
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Index: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/zone1970.tab
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/zone1970.tab (nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/zone1970.tab (revision 306848)
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+# tz zone descriptions
+#
+# This file is in the public domain.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
+# This file contains a table where each row stands for a zone where
+# civil time stamps have agreed since 1970. Columns are separated by
+# a single tab. Lines beginning with '#' are comments. All text uses
+# UTF-8 encoding. The columns of the table are as follows:
+#
+# 1. The countries that overlap the zone, as a comma-separated list
+# of ISO 3166 2-character country codes. See the file 'iso3166.tab'.
+# 2. Latitude and longitude of the zone's principal location
+# in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format,
+# either +-DDMM+-DDDMM or +-DDMMSS+-DDDMMSS,
+# first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
+# 3. Zone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
+# Please see the 'Theory' file for how zone names are chosen.
+# If multiple zones overlap a country, each has a row in the
+# table, with each column 1 containing the country code.
+# 4. Comments; present if and only if a country has multiple zones.
+#
+# If a zone covers multiple countries, the most-populous city is used,
+# and that country is listed first in column 1; any other countries
+# are listed alphabetically by country code. The table is sorted
+# first by country code, then (if possible) by an order within the
+# country that (1) makes some geographical sense, and (2) puts the
+# most populous zones first, where that does not contradict (1).
+#
+# This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
+# zone data entries appropriate for their practical needs. It is not
+# intended to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
+#
+#country-
+#codes coordinates TZ comments
+AD +4230+00131 Europe/Andorra
+AE,OM +2518+05518 Asia/Dubai
+AF +3431+06912 Asia/Kabul
+AL +4120+01950 Europe/Tirane
+AM +4011+04430 Asia/Yerevan
+AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey
+AQ -6835+07758 Antarctica/Davis Davis
+AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville
+AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson
+AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer
+AQ -6734-06808 Antarctica/Rothera Rothera
+AQ -690022+0393524 Antarctica/Syowa Syowa
+AQ -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll
+AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok
+AR -3436-05827 America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
+AR -3124-06411 America/Argentina/Cordoba Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
+AR -2447-06525 America/Argentina/Salta Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
+AR -2411-06518 America/Argentina/Jujuy Jujuy (JY)
+AR -2649-06513 America/Argentina/Tucuman Tucumán (TM)
+AR -2828-06547 America/Argentina/Catamarca Catamarca (CT); Chubut (CH)
+AR -2926-06651 America/Argentina/La_Rioja La Rioja (LR)
+AR -3132-06831 America/Argentina/San_Juan San Juan (SJ)
+AR -3253-06849 America/Argentina/Mendoza Mendoza (MZ)
+AR -3319-06621 America/Argentina/San_Luis San Luis (SL)
+AR -5138-06913 America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos Santa Cruz (SC)
+AR -5448-06818 America/Argentina/Ushuaia Tierra del Fuego (TF)
+AS,UM -1416-17042 Pacific/Pago_Pago Samoa, Midway
+AT +4813+01620 Europe/Vienna
+AU -3133+15905 Australia/Lord_Howe Lord Howe Island
+AU -5430+15857 Antarctica/Macquarie Macquarie Island
+AU -4253+14719 Australia/Hobart Tasmania (most areas)
+AU -3956+14352 Australia/Currie Tasmania (King Island)
+AU -3749+14458 Australia/Melbourne Victoria
+AU -3352+15113 Australia/Sydney New South Wales (most areas)
+AU -3157+14127 Australia/Broken_Hill New South Wales (Yancowinna)
+AU -2728+15302 Australia/Brisbane Queensland (most areas)
+AU -2016+14900 Australia/Lindeman Queensland (Whitsunday Islands)
+AU -3455+13835 Australia/Adelaide South Australia
+AU -1228+13050 Australia/Darwin Northern Territory
+AU -3157+11551 Australia/Perth Western Australia (most areas)
+AU -3143+12852 Australia/Eucla Western Australia (Eucla)
+AZ +4023+04951 Asia/Baku
+BB +1306-05937 America/Barbados
+BD +2343+09025 Asia/Dhaka
+BE +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels
+BG +4241+02319 Europe/Sofia
+BM +3217-06446 Atlantic/Bermuda
+BN +0456+11455 Asia/Brunei
+BO -1630-06809 America/La_Paz
+BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Atlantic islands
+BR -0127-04829 America/Belem Pará (east); Amapá
+BR -0343-03830 America/Fortaleza Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
+BR -0803-03454 America/Recife Pernambuco
+BR -0712-04812 America/Araguaina Tocantins
+BR -0940-03543 America/Maceio Alagoas, Sergipe
+BR -1259-03831 America/Bahia Bahia
+BR -2332-04637 America/Sao_Paulo Brazil (southeast: GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
+BR -2027-05437 America/Campo_Grande Mato Grosso do Sul
+BR -1535-05605 America/Cuiaba Mato Grosso
+BR -0226-05452 America/Santarem Pará (west)
+BR -0846-06354 America/Porto_Velho Rondônia
+BR +0249-06040 America/Boa_Vista Roraima
+BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus Amazonas (east)
+BR -0640-06952 America/Eirunepe Amazonas (west)
+BR -0958-06748 America/Rio_Branco Acre
+BS +2505-07721 America/Nassau
+BT +2728+08939 Asia/Thimphu
+BY +5354+02734 Europe/Minsk
+BZ +1730-08812 America/Belize
+CA +4734-05243 America/St_Johns Newfoundland; Labrador (southeast)
+CA +4439-06336 America/Halifax Atlantic - NS (most areas); PE
+CA +4612-05957 America/Glace_Bay Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton)
+CA +4606-06447 America/Moncton Atlantic - New Brunswick
+CA +5320-06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlantic - Labrador (most areas)
+CA +5125-05707 America/Blanc-Sablon AST - QC (Lower North Shore)
+CA +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern - ON, QC (most areas)
+CA +4901-08816 America/Nipigon Eastern - ON, QC (no DST 1967-73)
+CA +4823-08915 America/Thunder_Bay Eastern - ON (Thunder Bay)
+CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern - NU (most east areas)
+CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Eastern - NU (Pangnirtung)
+CA +484531-0913718 America/Atikokan EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H)
+CA +4953-09709 America/Winnipeg Central - ON (west); Manitoba
+CA +4843-09434 America/Rainy_River Central - ON (Rainy R, Ft Frances)
+CA +744144-0944945 America/Resolute Central - NU (Resolute)
+CA +624900-0920459 America/Rankin_Inlet Central - NU (central)
+CA +5024-10439 America/Regina CST - SK (most areas)
+CA +5017-10750 America/Swift_Current CST - SK (midwest)
+CA +5333-11328 America/Edmonton Mountain - AB; BC (E); SK (W)
+CA +690650-1050310 America/Cambridge_Bay Mountain - NU (west)
+CA +6227-11421 America/Yellowknife Mountain - NT (central)
+CA +682059-1334300 America/Inuvik Mountain - NT (west)
+CA +4906-11631 America/Creston MST - BC (Creston)
+CA +5946-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
+CA +5848-12242 America/Fort_Nelson MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
+CA +4916-12307 America/Vancouver Pacific - BC (most areas)
+CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse Pacific - Yukon (south)
+CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson Pacific - Yukon (north)
+CC -1210+09655 Indian/Cocos
+CH,DE,LI +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich Swiss time
+CI,BF,GM,GN,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,ST,TG +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan
+CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga
+CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago Chile (most areas)
+CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island
+CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time
+CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time
+CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota
+CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica
+CU +2308-08222 America/Havana
+CV +1455-02331 Atlantic/Cape_Verde
+CW,AW,BQ,SX +1211-06900 America/Curacao
+CX -1025+10543 Indian/Christmas
+CY +3510+03322 Asia/Nicosia
+CZ,SK +5005+01426 Europe/Prague
+DE +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin Germany (most areas)
+DK +5540+01235 Europe/Copenhagen
+DO +1828-06954 America/Santo_Domingo
+DZ +3647+00303 Africa/Algiers
+EC -0210-07950 America/Guayaquil Ecuador (mainland)
+EC -0054-08936 Pacific/Galapagos Galápagos Islands
+EE +5925+02445 Europe/Tallinn
+EG +3003+03115 Africa/Cairo
+EH +2709-01312 Africa/El_Aaiun
+ES +4024-00341 Europe/Madrid Spain (mainland)
+ES +3553-00519 Africa/Ceuta Ceuta, Melilla
+ES +2806-01524 Atlantic/Canary Canary Islands
+FI,AX +6010+02458 Europe/Helsinki
+FJ -1808+17825 Pacific/Fiji
+FK -5142-05751 Atlantic/Stanley
+FM +0725+15147 Pacific/Chuuk Chuuk/Truk, Yap
+FM +0658+15813 Pacific/Pohnpei Pohnpei/Ponape
+FM +0519+16259 Pacific/Kosrae Kosrae
+FO +6201-00646 Atlantic/Faroe
+FR +4852+00220 Europe/Paris
+GB,GG,IM,JE +513030-0000731 Europe/London
+GE +4143+04449 Asia/Tbilisi
+GF +0456-05220 America/Cayenne
+GH +0533-00013 Africa/Accra
+GI +3608-00521 Europe/Gibraltar
+GL +6411-05144 America/Godthab Greenland (most areas)
+GL +7646-01840 America/Danmarkshavn National Park (east coast)
+GL +7029-02158 America/Scoresbysund Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit
+GL +7634-06847 America/Thule Thule/Pituffik
+GR +3758+02343 Europe/Athens
+GS -5416-03632 Atlantic/South_Georgia
+GT +1438-09031 America/Guatemala
+GU,MP +1328+14445 Pacific/Guam
+GW +1151-01535 Africa/Bissau
+GY +0648-05810 America/Guyana
+HK +2217+11409 Asia/Hong_Kong
+HN +1406-08713 America/Tegucigalpa
+HT +1832-07220 America/Port-au-Prince
+HU +4730+01905 Europe/Budapest
+ID -0610+10648 Asia/Jakarta Java, Sumatra
+ID -0002+10920 Asia/Pontianak Borneo (west, central)
+ID -0507+11924 Asia/Makassar Borneo (east, south); Sulawesi/Celebes, Bali, Nusa Tengarra; Timor (west)
+ID -0232+14042 Asia/Jayapura New Guinea (West Papua / Irian Jaya); Malukus/Moluccas
+IE +5320-00615 Europe/Dublin
+IL +314650+0351326 Asia/Jerusalem
+IN +2232+08822 Asia/Kolkata
+IO -0720+07225 Indian/Chagos
+IQ +3321+04425 Asia/Baghdad
+IR +3540+05126 Asia/Tehran
+IS +6409-02151 Atlantic/Reykjavik
+IT,SM,VA +4154+01229 Europe/Rome
+JM +175805-0764736 America/Jamaica
+JO +3157+03556 Asia/Amman
+JP +353916+1394441 Asia/Tokyo
+KE,DJ,ER,ET,KM,MG,SO,TZ,UG,YT -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi
+KG +4254+07436 Asia/Bishkek
+KI +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilbert Islands
+KI -0308-17105 Pacific/Enderbury Phoenix Islands
+KI +0152-15720 Pacific/Kiritimati Line Islands
+KP +3901+12545 Asia/Pyongyang
+KR +3733+12658 Asia/Seoul
+KZ +4315+07657 Asia/Almaty Kazakhstan (most areas)
+KZ +4448+06528 Asia/Qyzylorda Qyzylorda/Kyzylorda/Kzyl-Orda
+KZ +5017+05710 Asia/Aqtobe Aqtobe/Aktobe
+KZ +4431+05016 Asia/Aqtau Atyrau/Atirau/Gur'yev, Mangghystau/Mankistau
+KZ +5113+05121 Asia/Oral West Kazakhstan
+LB +3353+03530 Asia/Beirut
+LK +0656+07951 Asia/Colombo
+LR +0618-01047 Africa/Monrovia
+LT +5441+02519 Europe/Vilnius
+LU +4936+00609 Europe/Luxembourg
+LV +5657+02406 Europe/Riga
+LY +3254+01311 Africa/Tripoli
+MA +3339-00735 Africa/Casablanca
+MC +4342+00723 Europe/Monaco
+MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau
+MH +0709+17112 Pacific/Majuro Marshall Islands (most areas)
+MH +0905+16720 Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein
+MM +1647+09610 Asia/Yangon
+MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulaanbaatar Mongolia (most areas)
+MN +4801+09139 Asia/Hovd Bayan-Ölgii, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
+MN +4804+11430 Asia/Choibalsan Dornod, Sükhbaatar
+MO +2214+11335 Asia/Macau
+MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique
+MT +3554+01431 Europe/Malta
+MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius
+MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives
+MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Time
+MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo
+MX +2058-08937 America/Merida Central Time - Campeche, Yucatán
+MX +2540-10019 America/Monterrey Central Time - Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (most areas)
+MX +2550-09730 America/Matamoros Central Time US - Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (US border)
+MX +2313-10625 America/Mazatlan Mountain Time - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
+MX +2838-10605 America/Chihuahua Mountain Time - Chihuahua (most areas)
+MX +2934-10425 America/Ojinaga Mountain Time US - Chihuahua (US border)
+MX +2904-11058 America/Hermosillo Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
+MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana Pacific Time US - Baja California
+MX +2048-10515 America/Bahia_Banderas Central Time - Bahía de Banderas
+MY +0310+10142 Asia/Kuala_Lumpur Malaysia (peninsula)
+MY +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah, Sarawak
+MZ,BI,BW,CD,MW,RW,ZM,ZW -2558+03235 Africa/Maputo Central Africa Time
+NA -2234+01706 Africa/Windhoek
+NC -2216+16627 Pacific/Noumea
+NF -2903+16758 Pacific/Norfolk
+NG,AO,BJ,CD,CF,CG,CM,GA,GQ,NE +0627+00324 Africa/Lagos West Africa Time
+NI +1209-08617 America/Managua
+NL +5222+00454 Europe/Amsterdam
+NO,SJ +5955+01045 Europe/Oslo
+NP +2743+08519 Asia/Kathmandu
+NR -0031+16655 Pacific/Nauru
+NU -1901-16955 Pacific/Niue
+NZ,AQ -3652+17446 Pacific/Auckland New Zealand time
+NZ -4357-17633 Pacific/Chatham Chatham Islands
+PA,KY +0858-07932 America/Panama
+PE -1203-07703 America/Lima
+PF -1732-14934 Pacific/Tahiti Society Islands
+PF -0900-13930 Pacific/Marquesas Marquesas Islands
+PF -2308-13457 Pacific/Gambier Gambier Islands
+PG -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby Papua New Guinea (most areas)
+PG -0613+15534 Pacific/Bougainville Bougainville
+PH +1435+12100 Asia/Manila
+PK +2452+06703 Asia/Karachi
+PL +5215+02100 Europe/Warsaw
+PM +4703-05620 America/Miquelon
+PN -2504-13005 Pacific/Pitcairn
+PR +182806-0660622 America/Puerto_Rico
+PS +3130+03428 Asia/Gaza Gaza Strip
+PS +313200+0350542 Asia/Hebron West Bank
+PT +3843-00908 Europe/Lisbon Portugal (mainland)
+PT +3238-01654 Atlantic/Madeira Madeira Islands
+PT +3744-02540 Atlantic/Azores Azores
+PW +0720+13429 Pacific/Palau
+PY -2516-05740 America/Asuncion
+QA,BH +2517+05132 Asia/Qatar
+RE,TF -2052+05528 Indian/Reunion Réunion, Crozet, Scattered Islands
+RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest
+RS,BA,HR,ME,MK,SI +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade
+RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
+RU +554521+0373704 Europe/Moscow MSK+00 - Moscow area
+RU +4457+03406 Europe/Simferopol MSK+00 - Crimea
+RU +4844+04425 Europe/Volgograd MSK+00 - Volgograd, Saratov
+RU +5836+04939 Europe/Kirov MSK+00 - Kirov
+RU +4621+04803 Europe/Astrakhan MSK+01 - Astrakhan
+RU +5312+05009 Europe/Samara MSK+01 - Samara, Udmurtia
+RU +5420+04824 Europe/Ulyanovsk MSK+01 - Ulyanovsk
+RU +5651+06036 Asia/Yekaterinburg MSK+02 - Urals
+RU +5500+07324 Asia/Omsk MSK+03 - Omsk
+RU +5502+08255 Asia/Novosibirsk MSK+03 - Novosibirsk
+RU +5322+08345 Asia/Barnaul MSK+04 - Altai
+RU +5630+08458 Asia/Tomsk MSK+04 - Tomsk
+RU +5345+08707 Asia/Novokuznetsk MSK+04 - Kemerovo
+RU +5601+09250 Asia/Krasnoyarsk MSK+04 - Krasnoyarsk area
+RU +5216+10420 Asia/Irkutsk MSK+05 - Irkutsk, Buryatia
+RU +5203+11328 Asia/Chita MSK+06 - Zabaykalsky
+RU +6200+12940 Asia/Yakutsk MSK+06 - Lena River
+RU +623923+1353314 Asia/Khandyga MSK+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
+RU +4310+13156 Asia/Vladivostok MSK+07 - Amur River
+RU +643337+1431336 Asia/Ust-Nera MSK+07 - Oymyakonsky
+RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan MSK+08 - Magadan
+RU +4658+14242 Asia/Sakhalin MSK+08 - Sakhalin Island
+RU +6728+15343 Asia/Srednekolymsk MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is
+RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka MSK+09 - Kamchatka
+RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr MSK+09 - Bering Sea
+SA,KW,YE +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh
+SB -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal
+SC -0440+05528 Indian/Mahe
+SD,SS +1536+03232 Africa/Khartoum
+SE +5920+01803 Europe/Stockholm
+SG +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore
+SR +0550-05510 America/Paramaribo
+SV +1342-08912 America/El_Salvador
+SY +3330+03618 Asia/Damascus
+TC +2128-07108 America/Grand_Turk
+TD +1207+01503 Africa/Ndjamena
+TF -492110+0701303 Indian/Kerguelen Kerguelen, St Paul Island, Amsterdam Island
+TH,KH,LA,VN +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok Indochina (most areas)
+TJ +3835+06848 Asia/Dushanbe
+TK -0922-17114 Pacific/Fakaofo
+TL -0833+12535 Asia/Dili
+TM +3757+05823 Asia/Ashgabat
+TN +3648+01011 Africa/Tunis
+TO -2110-17510 Pacific/Tongatapu
+TR +4101+02858 Europe/Istanbul
+TT,AG,AI,BL,DM,GD,GP,KN,LC,MF,MS,VC,VG,VI +1039-06131 America/Port_of_Spain
+TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti
+TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei
+UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev Ukraine (most areas)
+UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Ruthenia
+UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozh'ye/Zaporizhia; Lugansk/Luhansk (east)
+UM +1917+16637 Pacific/Wake Wake Island
+US +404251-0740023 America/New_York Eastern (most areas)
+US +421953-0830245 America/Detroit Eastern - MI (most areas)
+US +381515-0854534 America/Kentucky/Louisville Eastern - KY (Louisville area)
+US +364947-0845057 America/Kentucky/Monticello Eastern - KY (Wayne)
+US +394606-0860929 America/Indiana/Indianapolis Eastern - IN (most areas)
+US +384038-0873143 America/Indiana/Vincennes Eastern - IN (Da, Du, K, Mn)
+US +410305-0863611 America/Indiana/Winamac Eastern - IN (Pulaski)
+US +382232-0862041 America/Indiana/Marengo Eastern - IN (Crawford)
+US +382931-0871643 America/Indiana/Petersburg Eastern - IN (Pike)
+US +384452-0850402 America/Indiana/Vevay Eastern - IN (Switzerland)
+US +415100-0873900 America/Chicago Central (most areas)
+US +375711-0864541 America/Indiana/Tell_City Central - IN (Perry)
+US +411745-0863730 America/Indiana/Knox Central - IN (Starke)
+US +450628-0873651 America/Menominee Central - MI (Wisconsin border)
+US +470659-1011757 America/North_Dakota/Center Central - ND (Oliver)
+US +465042-1012439 America/North_Dakota/New_Salem Central - ND (Morton rural)
+US +471551-1014640 America/North_Dakota/Beulah Central - ND (Mercer)
+US +394421-1045903 America/Denver Mountain (most areas)
+US +433649-1161209 America/Boise Mountain - ID (south); OR (east)
+US +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix MST - Arizona (except Navajo)
+US +340308-1181434 America/Los_Angeles Pacific
+US +611305-1495401 America/Anchorage Alaska (most areas)
+US +581807-1342511 America/Juneau Alaska - Juneau area
+US +571035-1351807 America/Sitka Alaska - Sitka area
+US +550737-1313435 America/Metlakatla Alaska - Annette Island
+US +593249-1394338 America/Yakutat Alaska - Yakutat
+US +643004-1652423 America/Nome Alaska (west)
+US +515248-1763929 America/Adak Aleutian Islands
+US,UM +211825-1575130 Pacific/Honolulu Hawaii
+UY -3453-05611 America/Montevideo
+UZ +3940+06648 Asia/Samarkand Uzbekistan (west)
+UZ +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent Uzbekistan (east)
+VE +1030-06656 America/Caracas
+VN +1045+10640 Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Vietnam (south)
+VU -1740+16825 Pacific/Efate
+WF -1318-17610 Pacific/Wallis
+WS -1350-17144 Pacific/Apia
+ZA,LS,SZ -2615+02800 Africa/Johannesburg
Index: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/pacificnew
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/pacificnew (nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/pacificnew (revision 306848)
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (1989-04-05):
+# On 1989-04-05, the U. S. House of Representatives passed (238-154) a bill
+# establishing "Pacific Presidential Election Time"; it was not acted on
+# by the Senate or signed into law by the President.
+# You might want to change the "PE" (Presidential Election) below to
+# "Q" (Quadrennial) to maintain three-character zone abbreviations.
+# If you're really conservative, you might want to change it to "D".
+# Avoid "L" (Leap Year), which won't be true in 2100.
+
+# If Presidential Election Time is ever established, replace "XXXX" below
+# with the year the law takes effect and uncomment the "##" lines.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+## Rule Twilite XXXX max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+## Rule Twilite XXXX max uspres Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 PE
+## Rule Twilite XXXX max uspres Nov Sun>=7 2:00 0 S
+## Rule Twilite XXXX max nonpres Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL]
+## Zone America/Los_Angeles-PET -8:00 US P%sT XXXX
+## -8:00 Twilite P%sT
+
+# For now...
+Link America/Los_Angeles US/Pacific-New ##
Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/pacificnew
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Index: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/systemv
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/systemv (nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/systemv (revision 306848)
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
+# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
+
+# Old rules, should the need arise.
+# No attempt is made to handle Newfoundland, since it cannot be expressed
+# using the System V "TZ" scheme (half-hour offset), or anything outside
+# North America (no support for non-standard DST start/end dates), nor
+# the changes in the DST rules in the US after 1976 (which occurred after
+# the old rules were written).
+#
+# If you need the old rules, uncomment ## lines.
+# Compile this *without* leap second correction for true conformance.
+
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule SystemV min 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule SystemV min 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule SystemV 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule SystemV 1974 only - Nov lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule SystemV 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule SystemV 1975 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule SystemV 1976 max - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule SystemV 1976 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+
+# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL]
+## Zone SystemV/AST4ADT -4:00 SystemV A%sT
+## Zone SystemV/EST5EDT -5:00 SystemV E%sT
+## Zone SystemV/CST6CDT -6:00 SystemV C%sT
+## Zone SystemV/MST7MDT -7:00 SystemV M%sT
+## Zone SystemV/PST8PDT -8:00 SystemV P%sT
+## Zone SystemV/YST9YDT -9:00 SystemV Y%sT
+## Zone SystemV/AST4 -4:00 - AST
+## Zone SystemV/EST5 -5:00 - EST
+## Zone SystemV/CST6 -6:00 - CST
+## Zone SystemV/MST7 -7:00 - MST
+## Zone SystemV/PST8 -8:00 - PST
+## Zone SystemV/YST9 -9:00 - YST
+## Zone SystemV/HST10 -10:00 - HST
Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/systemv
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Index: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/yearistype.sh
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/yearistype.sh (nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/yearistype.sh (revision 306848)
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+
+: 'This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of'
+: '2006-07-17 by Arthur David Olson.'
+
+case $#-$1 in
+ 2-|2-0*|2-*[!0-9]*)
+ echo "$0: wild year: $1" >&2
+ exit 1 ;;
+esac
+
+case $#-$2 in
+ 2-even)
+ case $1 in
+ *[24680]) exit 0 ;;
+ *) exit 1 ;;
+ esac ;;
+ 2-nonpres|2-nonuspres)
+ case $1 in
+ *[02468][048]|*[13579][26]) exit 1 ;;
+ *) exit 0 ;;
+ esac ;;
+ 2-odd)
+ case $1 in
+ *[13579]) exit 0 ;;
+ *) exit 1 ;;
+ esac ;;
+ 2-uspres)
+ case $1 in
+ *[02468][048]|*[13579][26]) exit 0 ;;
+ *) exit 1 ;;
+ esac ;;
+ 2-*)
+ echo "$0: wild type: $2" >&2 ;;
+esac
+
+echo "$0: usage is $0 year even|odd|uspres|nonpres|nonuspres" >&2
+exit 1
Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/tzdata2016g/yearistype.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property

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