diff --git a/lib/libsys/pdfork.2 b/lib/libsys/pdfork.2
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@@ -1,468 +1,468 @@
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 2009-2010, 2012-2013 Robert N. M. Watson
 .\" All rights reserved.
 .\"
 .\" This software was developed at the University of Cambridge Computer
 .\" Laboratory with support from a grant from Google, Inc.
 .\"
 .\" This software was developed by SRI International and the University of
 .\" Cambridge Computer Laboratory under DARPA/AFRL contract (FA8750-10-C-0237)
 .\" ("CTSRD"), as part of the DARPA CRASH research programme.
 .\"
 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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 .\" are met:
 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 .\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 .\"
 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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 .\"
 .Dd April 19, 2026
 .Dt PDFORK 2
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
 .Nm pdfork ,
 .Nm pdrfork ,
 .Nm pdopenpid ,
 .Nm pdgetpid ,
 .Nm pdkill ,
 .Nm pdwait ,
 .Nm pddupfd
 .Nd System calls to manage process descriptors
 .Sh LIBRARY
 .Lb libc
 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .In sys/procdesc.h
 .Ft pid_t
 .Fn pdfork "int *fdp" "int pdflags"
 .Ft pid_t
 .Fn pdrfork "int *fdp" "int pdflags" "int rfflags"
 .Ft int
 .Fn pdopenpid "pid_t pid" "int pdflags"
 .Ft int
 .Fn pdgetpid "int fd" "pid_t *pidp"
 .Ft int
 .Fn pdkill "int fd" "int signum"
 .Ft int
 .Fo pdwait
 .Fa "int fd"
 .Fa "int *status"
 .Fa "int options"
 .Fa "struct __wrusage *wrusage"
 .Fa "struct __siginfo *info"
 .Fc
 .Ft int
 .Fn pddupfd "int fd" "int remotefd" "int flags"
 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 Process descriptors are special file descriptors that represent processes,
 and are created using
 .Fn pdfork ,
 a variant of
 .Xr fork 2 ,
 which, if successful, returns a process descriptor in the integer pointed to
 by
 .Fa fdp .
 Processes created via
 .Fn pdfork
 will not cause
 .Dv SIGCHLD
 on termination.
 .Fn pdfork
 can accept the
 .Fa pdflags:
 .Bl -tag -width PD_CLOEXEC
 .It Dv PD_DAEMON
 Instead of the default terminate-on-close behaviour, allow the process to
 live until it is explicitly killed with
 .Xr kill 2 .
 .Pp
 This option is not permitted in
 .Xr capsicum 4
 capability mode (see
 .Xr cap_enter 2 ) .
 .Pp
 Note: the option changes the behavior of
 .Xr close 2
 for the process descriptor returned by the operation.
 If there is another process descriptor for the same process, created without
 specifying the
 .Dv PD_DAEMON
 flag, closing that descriptor kills the process.
 .It Dv PD_CLOEXEC
 Set close-on-exec on process descriptor.
 .It Dv PD_NOWAITPID
 The parent cannot obtain the child's status with
 .Xr waitpid 2 .
 .El
 .Pp
 The
 .Fn pdrfork
 system call is a variant of
 .Fn pdfork
 that also takes the
 .Fa rfflags
 argument to control sharing of process resources between the caller
 and the new process.
 Like
 .Fn pdfork ,
 the function writes the process descriptor referencing the created
 process into the location pointed to by the
 .Fa fdp
 argument.
 See
 .Xr rfork 2
 for a description of the possible
 .Fa rfflag
 flags.
 The
 .Fn pdrfork
 system call requires that both the
 .Va RFPROC
 and
 .Va RFPROCDESC
 flags, or
 .Va RFSPAWN
 flag are specified.
 .Pp
 The
 .Fn pdopenpid
 function opens the process descriptor for the process
 specified by the argument
 .Fa pid .
 It takes the same flags in the
 .Fa pdflags
 argument as
 .Fn pdfork .
 The caller must have permission to debug the target process in order for
 .Fn pdopenpid
 to succeed.
 Zombie processes cannot be opened.
 .Pp
 There might be more that one file descriptor referencing the process.
 After the zombie is reaped, calls to
 .Fn pdwait
 specifying any file descriptors for the same process fail with the
 .Er ESRCH
 error.
 .Pp
 .Fn pdgetpid
 queries the process ID (PID) in the process descriptor
 .Fa fd .
 .Pp
 .Fn pdkill
 is functionally identical to
 .Xr kill 2 ,
 except that it accepts a process descriptor,
 .Fa fd ,
 rather than a PID.
 .Pp
 The
 .Fn pdwait
 system call allows the calling thread to wait and retrieve
 the status information on the process referenced by the
 .Fa fd
 process descriptor.
 See the description of the
 .Xr wait6 2
 system call for the behavior specification.
 .Pp
 The
 .Fn pddupfd
 function allows the caller to duplicate a file descriptor
 across the process boundaries.
 The function returns the new file descriptor that points to the same file
 as the file descriptor
 .Fa remotefd
 in the process specified by the
 .Fa fd
 process descriptor.
 The returned file descriptor has the
 .Va O_CLOEXEC
 flag set.
 The
 .Fa flags
 argument is reserved and must be zero.
 Certain file descriptor types cannot be copied this way, namely
 kqueues.
 .Sh INTERACTION OF PROCESS DESCRIPTORS AND Xr WAITPID 2
 .Pp
 The
 .Fn pdwait
 system call may be called on a process descriptor
 an unlimited number of times.
 In particular, it does not reap the target process,
 even if that process has exited.
 Each time, it returns the same status.
 .Bl -dash
 .It
 If the process was forked with
 .Fn pdfork ,
 and the
 .Dv PD_NOWAITPID
 flag was specified, then the process is automatically reaped after the
 last process descriptor referencing that process is closed.
 No
 .Xr waitpid 2
 call
 .Pq or a call from the same family of the wait functions which operate on PIDs
 are needed to reap the zombie process.
 .It
 If the process was created by
 .Fn pdfork ,
 and the
 .Dv PD_NOWAITPID
 flag was not specified, then after exiting,
 the process will not be reaped until the parent or reaper has called
 .Xr waitpid 2
 and all process descriptors referencing the process are closed.
 .It
 If the process was created by the
 .Xr fork 2
 system call
 .Pq which does not allocate a process descriptor for the child ,
 and later the process was opened by
 .Fn pdopenpid ,
 then a
 .Xr waitpid 2
 call from the parent is needed to reap the exited child.
 .El
 .Pp
 In any case, the PID of the process is not reused until its zombie
 is reaped, and all its process descriptors are closed.
 .Pp
 A debugger attached by
 .Xr ptrace 2
 can execute the
 .Fn waitpid
 calls against the alive target regardless of the way
 the target process was forked.
 .Sh INTERACTION OF PROCESS DESCRIPTORS WITH OTHER SYSTEM CALLS
 .Pp
 The following system calls also have effects specific to process descriptors:
 .Pp
 .Xr fstat 2
 queries status of a process descriptor; currently only the
 .Fa st_mode ,
 .Fa st_birthtime ,
 .Fa st_atime ,
 .Fa st_ctime
 and
 .Fa st_mtime
 fields are defined.
 If the owner read, write, and execute bits are set then the
 process represented by the process descriptor is still alive.
 .Pp
 .Xr poll 2
 and
 .Xr select 2
 allow waiting for process state transitions; currently only
 .Dv POLLHUP
 is defined, and will be raised when the process dies.
 Process state transitions can also be monitored using
 .Xr kqueue 2
 filter
 .Dv EVFILT_PROCDESC ;
 currently only
 .Dv NOTE_EXIT
 is implemented.
 .Pp
 .Xr close 2
 will close the process descriptor unless
 .Dv PD_DAEMON
 is set; if the process is still alive and this is
 the last reference to the process descriptor, the process will be terminated
 with the signal
 .Dv SIGKILL .
 The PID of the referenced process is not reused until the process
 descriptor is closed,
 whether or not the zombie process is reaped by
 .Fn pdwait ,
 .Xr wait6 ,
 or similar system calls.
 .Sh RETURN VALUES
 .Fn pdfork
 and
 .Fn pdrfork
 return a PID, 0 or -1, as
 .Xr fork 2
 does.
 .Pp
 .Fn pdopenpid ,
 .Fn pdgetpid ,
 .Fn pdkill ,
 .Fn pdwait ,
 and
 .Fn pddupfd
 return 0 on success and -1 on failure.
 .Sh ERRORS
 These functions may return the same error numbers as their PID-based equivalents
 (e.g.
 .Fn pdfork
 may return the same error numbers as
 .Xr fork 2 ) ,
 with the following additions:
 .Bl -tag -width Er
 .It Bq Er EFAULT
 The copyout of the resulting file descriptor value to the memory pointed
 to by
 .Fa fdp
 failed.
 .Pp
 Note that the child process was already created when this condition
 is detected,
 and the child continues execution, same as the parent.
 If this error must be handled, it is advisable to memoize the
 .Fn getpid
 result before the call to
 .Fn pdfork
 or
 .Fn pdrfork ,
 and compare it to the value returned by
 .Fn getpid
 after, to see if code is executing in parent or child.
 .It Bq Er EINVAL
 The signal number given to
 .Fn pdkill
 is invalid.
 .It Bq Er ENOTCAPABLE
 The process descriptor being operated on has insufficient rights (e.g.
 .Dv CAP_PDKILL
 for
 .Fn pdkill ) .
 .It Bq Er EINVAL
 The
 .Fn pdwait
 function is called with reserved bits set in
 .Fa options .
 .El
 .Pp
 The
 .Fn pdopenpid
 might return the same errors as
 .Xr open 2 ,
 related to the file descriptor allocation problems, as well as the
 following specific errors:
 .Bl -tag -width Er
 .It Bq Er EINVAL
 The
 .Fa flags
 argument has reserved bits set.
 .It Bq Er ECAPMODE
 .Fn pdopenpid
 is called by the process in capability mode.
 .It Bq Er EBUSY
 The process specified by the
 .Fa pid
 argument already terminated.
 .It Bq Er ESRCH
 The process specified by the
 .Fa pid
 argument does not exist, or the caller does not have enough privileges
 to open the process.
 .It Bq Er EMFILE
 The calling process already reached its limit for open file descriptors.
 .Pp
 Current implementation installs the opened process descriptor into the
 calling process's file descriptors table.
 If the descriptor cannot be installed, the process descriptor is closed,
 which executes all actions performed by
 .Xr close 2
 on it.
 .El
 .Pp
 The
 .Fn pddupfd
 returns the following errors:
 .Bl -tag -width Er
 .It Bq Er EINVAL
 The
 .Fa flags
 argument is not zero.
+.It Bq Er EINVAL
+The file descriptor
+.Fa fd
+is not a process file descriptor.
 .It Bq Er ESRCH
 The process specified by the file descriptor
 .Fa fd
 exited.
 .It Bq Er EBADF
 The file descriptor
-.Fa fd
-is not a process file descriptor.
-.It Bq Er EBADF
-The file descriptor
 .Fa remotefd
 is not a valid file descriptor in the specified process.
 .It Bq Er ENOENT
 The specified process does not have a file descriptor table.
 .It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP
 .Fa remotefd
 refers to a file that cannot be duplicated across a process boundary,
 such as a kqueue.
 .El
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr close 2 ,
 .Xr fork 2 ,
 .Xr fstat 2 ,
 .Xr kill 2 ,
 .Xr kqueue 2 ,
 .Xr poll 2 ,
 .Xr wait4 2 ,
 .Xr capsicum 4 ,
 .Xr procdesc 4
 .Sh HISTORY
 The
 .Fn pdfork ,
 .Fn pdgetpid ,
 and
 .Fn pdkill
 system calls first appeared in
 .Fx 9.0 .
 The
 .Fn pdrfork
 and
 .Fn pdwait
 system calls first appeared in
 .Fx 15.1 .
 The
 .Fn pdopenpid
 and
 .Fn pddupfd
 system calls first appeared in
 .Fx 16.0 .
 .Pp
 Support for process descriptors mode was developed as part of the
 .Tn TrustedBSD
 Project.
 .Sh AUTHORS
 .An -nosplit
 These functions and the capability facility were created by
 .An Robert N. M. Watson Aq Mt rwatson@FreeBSD.org
 and
 .An Jonathan Anderson Aq Mt jonathan@FreeBSD.org
 at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory with support from a grant
 from Google, Inc.
 The
 .Fn pdrfork
 and
 .Fn pdwait
 functions were developed by
 .An Konstantin Belousov Aq Mt kib@FreeBSD.org
 with input from
 .An Alan Somers Aq Mt asomers@FreeBSD.org .
 The
 .Fn pdopenpid
 and
 .Fn pddupfd
 functions were developed by
 .An Konstantin Belousov Aq Mt kib@FreeBSD.org .