diff --git a/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/cmd/dtrace/dtrace.1 b/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/cmd/dtrace/dtrace.1
index 5173074ee63e..45cb8c863f7a 100644
--- a/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/cmd/dtrace/dtrace.1
+++ b/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/cmd/dtrace/dtrace.1
@@ -1,1328 +1,1329 @@
.\" CDDL HEADER START
.\"
.\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
.\" Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
.\" You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
.\"
.\" You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
.\" or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
.\" See the License for the specific language governing permissions
.\" and limitations under the License.
.\"
.\" When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
.\" file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
.\" If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
.\" fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
.\" information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
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.\" CDDL HEADER END
.\" Copyright (c) 2006, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
-.Dd March 20, 2026
+.Dd May 7, 2026
.Dt DTRACE 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm dtrace
.Nd dynamic tracing compiler and tracing utility
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl 32 | Fl 64
.Op Fl aACdeFGhHlOqSvVwZ
.Op Fl -libxo
.Op Fl b Ar bufsz
.Op Fl c Ar cmd
.Op Fl D Ar name Op Ns = Ns value
.Op Fl I Ar path
.Op Fl L Ar path
.Op Fl o Ar output
.Op Fl s Ar script
.Op Fl U Ar name
.Op Fl x Ar arg Op Ns = Ns value
.Op Fl X Cm a | c | s | t
.Op Fl p Ar pid
.Op Fl P Ar provider Oo Oo Ar predicate Oc Ar action Oc
.Op Fl m Oo Ar provider : Oc Ar module Oo Oo Ar predicate Oc Ar action Oc
.Op Fl f Oo Oo Ar provider : Oc Ar module : Oc Ar function Oo Oo Ar predicate \
Oc Ar action Oc
.Op Fl n Oo Oo Oo Ar provider : Oc Ar module : Oc Ar function : Oc Ar name \
Oo Oo Ar predicate Oc Ar action Oc
.Op Fl i Ar probe-id Oo Oo Ar predicate Oc Ar action Oc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
DTrace is a comprehensive dynamic tracing framework ported from Solaris.
DTrace provides a powerful infrastructure that permits administrators,
developers, and service personnel to concisely answer arbitrary questions about
the behavior of the operating system and user programs.
.Pp
The
.Nm
command provides a generic interface to the essential services provided by the
DTrace facility, including:
.Bl -bullet -offset indent
.It
Options that list the set of probes and providers currently published by DTrace
.It
Options that enable probes directly using any of the probe description
specifiers (provider, module, function, name)
.It
Options that run the D compiler and compile one or more D program files or
programs written directly on the command line
.It
Options that generate anonymous tracing programs
.It
Options that generate program stability reports
.It
Options that modify DTrace tracing and buffering behavior and enable
additional D compiler features
.El
.Pp
You can use
.Nm
to create D scripts by using it in a shebang declaration to create an
interpreter file.
You can also use
.Nm
to attempt to compile D programs and determine their properties without
actually enabling traces using the
.Fl e
option.
.Sh OPTIONS
The arguments accepted by the
.Fl P ,
.Fl m ,
.Fl f ,
.Fl n ,
and
.Fl i
options can include an optional D language
.Ar predicate
enclosed in slashes and an optional D language
.Ar action
statement list enclosed in braces.
D program code specified on the command line must be appropriately quoted to
avoid interpretation of meta-characters by the shell.
.Pp
The following options are supported:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl 32 | Fl 64
The D compiler produces programs using the native data model of the operating
system kernel.
If the
.Fl 32
option is specified,
.Nm
forces the D compiler to compile a D program using the 32-bit data model.
If the
.Fl 64
option is specified,
.Nm
forces the D compiler to compile a D program using the 64-bit data model.
These options are typically not required as
.Nm
selects the native data model as the default.
The data model affects the sizes of integer types and other language properties.
D programs compiled for either data model can be executed on both 32-bit and
64-bit kernels.
The
.Fl 32
and
.Fl 64
options also determine the
.Xr elf 5
file format (ELF32 or ELF64) produced by the
.Fl G
option.
.It Fl a
Claim anonymous tracing state and display the traced data.
You can combine the
.Fl a
option with the
.Fl e
option to force
.Nm
to exit immediately after consuming the anonymous tracing state rather than
continuing to wait for new data.
.It Fl A
Generate directives for anonymous tracing and write them to
.Pa /boot/dtrace.dof .
This option constructs a set of dtrace configuration file directives to enable
the specified probes for anonymous tracing and then exits.
By default,
.Nm
attempts to store the directives to the file
.Pa /boot/dtrace.dof .
This behavior can be modified using the
.Fl o
option to specify an alternate output file.
.It Fl b Ar bufsz
Set the principal trace buffer size to
.Ar bufsz .
The trace buffer size can include any of the size suffixes k, m, g, or t.
If the buffer space cannot be allocated,
.Nm dtrace
attempts to reduce the buffer size or exit depending on the setting of the
bufresize property.
.It Fl c Ar cmd
Run the specified command
.Ar cmd
and exit upon its completion.
If more than one
.Fl c
option is present on the command line,
.Nm dtrace
exits when all commands have exited, reporting the exit status for each child
process as it terminates.
The process ID of the first command is made available to any D programs
specified on the command line or using the
.Fl s
option through the
.Li $target
macro variable.
.It Fl C
Run the C preprocessor
.Xr cpp 1
over D programs before compiling them.
You can pass options to the C preprocessor using the
.Fl D ,
.Fl U ,
.Fl I ,
and
.Fl H
options.
You can select the degree of C standard conformance if you use the
.Fl X
option.
For a description of the set of tokens defined by the D compiler when invoking
the C preprocessor, see
.Fl X .
.It Fl d
Dump the D script to standard output, after syntactic transformations have been
applied.
For example, if-statements in D are implemented using such transformations: a
conditional clause in a probe body is replaced at compile-time by a separate
probe predicated on the original condition.
.It Fl D Ar name Op Ns = Ns value
Define
.Ar name
when invoking
.Xr cpp 1
(enabled using the
.Fl C
option).
If you specify an additional
.Ar value ,
the name is assigned the corresponding value.
This option passes the
.Fl D
option to each
.Xr cpp 1
invocation.
.It Fl e
Exit after compiling any requests and consuming anonymous tracing state
.Fl ( a
option) but prior to enabling any probes.
You can combine this option with the
.Fl a
option to print anonymous tracing data and exit.
You can also combine this option with D compiler options.
This combination verifies that the programs compile without actually executing
them and enabling the corresponding instrumentation.
.It Fl f Oo Oo Ar provider : Oc Ar module : Oc Ar function Oo Oo Ar predicate \
Oc Ar action Oc
Specify function name to trace or list
.Fl ( l
option).
The corresponding argument can include any of the probe description forms
.Ar provider:module:function ,
.Ar module:function ,
or
.Ar function .
Unspecified probe description fields are left blank and match any probes
regardless of the values in those fields.
If no qualifiers other than
.Ar function
are specified in the description, all probes with the corresponding
.Ar function
are matched.
The
.Fl f
argument can be suffixed with an optional D probe clause.
You can specify more than one
.Fl f
option on the command line at a time.
.It Fl F
Coalesce trace output by identifying function entry and return.
Function entry probe reports are indented and their output is prefixed with
.Ql -> .
Function return probe reports are unindented and their output is prefixed with
.Ql <- .
System call entry probe reports are indented and their output is prefixed with
.Ql => .
System call return probe reports are unindented and their output is prefixed
with
.Ql <= .
.It Fl G
Generate an ELF file containing an embedded DTrace program.
The DTrace probes specified in the program are saved inside of a relocatable ELF
object which can be linked into another program.
If the
.Fl o
option is present, the ELF file is saved using the pathname specified as the
argument for this operand.
If the
.Fl o
option is not present and the DTrace program is contained with a file whose name
is
.Ar filename.d ,
then the ELF file is saved using the name
.Ar filename.o .
Otherwise the ELF file is saved using the name d.out.
.It Fl h
Generate a header file containing macros that correspond to probes in the
specified provider definitions.
This option should be used to generate a header file that is included by other
source files for later use with the
.Fl G
option.
If the
.Fl o
option is present, the header file is saved using the pathname specified as the
argument for that option.
If the
.Fl o
option is not present and the DTrace program is contained within a file whose
name is
.Ar filename.d ,
then the header file is saved using the name
.Ar filename.h .
.It Fl H
Print the pathnames of included files when invoking
.Xr cpp 1
(enabled using the
.Fl C
option).
This option passes the
.Fl H
option to each
.Xr cpp 1
invocation, causing it to display the list of pathnames, one for each line, to
standard error.
.It Fl i Ar probe-id Op Oo Ar predicate Oc Ar action
Specify probe identifier
.Ar ( probe-id )
to trace or list
.Ar ( l
option).
You can specify probe IDs using decimal integers as shown by `dtrace -l`.
The
.Fl i
argument can be suffixed with an optional D probe clause.
You can specify more than one
.Fl i
option at a time.
.It Fl I Ar path
Add the specified directory
.Ar path
to the search path for #include files when invoking
.Xr cpp 1
(enabled using the
.Fl C
option).
This option passes the
.Fl I
option to each
.Xr cpp 1
invocation.
The specified
.Ar path
is inserted into the search path ahead of the default directory list.
.It Fl l
List probes instead of enabling them.
If the
.Fl l
option is specified,
.Nm
produces a report of the probes matching the descriptions given using the
.Fl P , m , f , n , i ,
and
.Fl s
options.
If none of these options are specified, this option lists all probes.
.It Fl L Ar path
Add the specified directory
.Ar path
to the search path for DTrace libraries.
DTrace libraries are used to contain common definitions that can be used when
writing D programs.
The specified
.Ar path
is added after the default library search path.
.It Fl -libxo
Generate output via
.Xr libxo 3 .
This option is the same as specifying
.Sy oformat .
.It Fl m Oo Ar provider : Oc Ar module Oo Oo Ar predicate Oc Ar action Oc
Specify module name to trace or list
.Fl ( l
option).
The corresponding argument can include any of the probe description forms
.Ar provider:module
or
.Ar module .
Unspecified probe description fields are left blank and match any probes
regardless of the values in those fields.
If no qualifiers other than
.Ar module
are specified in the description, all probes with a corresponding
.Ar module
are matched.
The
.Fl m
argument can be suffixed with an optional D probe clause.
More than one
.Fl m
option can be specified on the command line at a time.
.It Fl n Oo Oo Oo Ar provider : Oc Ar module : Oc Ar function : Oc Ar name \
Oo Oo Ar predicate Oc Ar action Oc
Specify probe name to trace or list
.Fl ( l
option).
The corresponding argument can include any of the probe description forms
.Ar provider:module:function:name , module:function:name , function:name ,
or
.Ar name .
Unspecified probe description fields are left blank and match any probes
regardless of the values in those fields.
If no qualifiers other than
.Ar name
are specified in the description, all probes with a corresponding
.Ar name
are matched.
The
.Fl n
argument can be suffixed with an optional D probe clause.
More than one
.Fl n
option can be specified on the command line at a time.
.It Fl O
This option causes
.Nm
to print all the aggregations upon exiting if
.Sy oformat
or
.Fl -libxo
are specified.
.It Fl o Ar output
Specify the
.Ar output
file for the
.Fl A , G ,
and
.Fl l
options, or for the traced data itself.
If the
.Fl A
option is present and
.Fl o
is not present, the default output file is
.Pa /boot/dtrace.dof .
If the
.Fl G
option is present and the
.Fl s
option's argument is of the form
.Ar filename.d
and
.Fl o
is not present, the default output file is
.Ar filename.o .
Otherwise the default output file is
.Ar d.out .
.It Fl p Ar pid
Grab the specified process-ID
.Ar pid ,
cache its symbol tables, and exit upon its completion.
If more than one
.Fl p
option is present on the command line,
.Nm
exits when all commands have exited, reporting the exit status for each process
as it terminates.
The first process-ID is made available to any D programs specified on the
command line or using the
.Fl s
option through the
.Li $target
macro variable.
.It Fl P Ar provider Oo Oo Ar predicate Oc Ar action Oc
Specify provider name to trace or list
.Fl ( l
option).
The remaining probe description fields module, function, and name are left
blank and match any probes regardless of the values in those fields.
The
.Fl P
argument can be suffixed with an optional D probe clause.
You can specify more than one
.Fl P
option on the command line at a time.
.It Fl q
Set quiet mode.
.Nm
suppresses messages such as the number of probes matched by the specified
options and D programs and does not print column headers, the CPU ID, the probe
ID, or insert newlines into the output.
Only data traced and formatted by D program statements such as
.Ql dtrace()
and
.Ql printf()
is displayed to standard output.
.It Fl s Ar script
Compile the specified D program source file.
If the
.Fl e
option is present, the program is compiled but instrumentation is not enabled.
If the
.Fl l
option is present, the program is compiled and the set of probes matched by it
is listed, but instrumentation is not enabled.
If none of
.Fl e , l , G ,
or
.Fl A
are present, the instrumentation specified by the D program is enabled and
tracing begins.
.It Fl S
Show D compiler intermediate code.
The D compiler produces a report of the intermediate code generated for each D
program to standard error.
.It Fl U Ar name
Undefine the specified
.Ar name
when invoking
.Xr cpp 1
(enabled using the
.Fl C
option).
This option passes the
.Fl U
option to each
.Xr cpp 1
invocation.
.It Fl v
Set verbose mode.
If the
.Fl v
option is specified,
.Nm
produces a program stability report showing the minimum interface stability and
dependency level for the specified D programs.
.It Fl V
Report the highest D programming interface version supported by
.Nm .
The version information is printed to standard output and the
.Nm
command exits.
.It Fl w
Permit destructive actions in D programs specified using the
.Fl s , P , m , f , n ,
or
.Fl i
options.
If the
.Fl w
option is not specified,
.Nm
does not permit the compilation or enabling of a D program that contains
destructive actions.
.Pp
Set the
.Va security.bsd.allow_destructive_dtrace
.Xr loader 8
tunable
to
.Ql 0
to disallow the possibility of enabling destructive actions system-wide at any point at all.
Any attempts to enable destructive actions will cause
.Nm
to exit with a runtime error.
.It Fl x Ar arg Ns Op = Ns Ar value
Enable or modify a DTrace runtime option or D compiler option.
Boolean options are enabled by specifying their name.
Options with values are set by separating the option name and value with an
equals sign (=).
.Pp
A
.Ar size
argument may be suffixed with one of
.Cm K ,
.Cm M ,
.Cm G
or
.Cm T
(either upper or lower case) to indicate a multiple of
Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes or Terabytes
respectively.
.Pp
A
.Ar time
argument may be suffixed with one of
.Cm ns ,
.Cm nsec ,
.Cm us ,
.Cm usec ,
.Cm ms ,
.Cm msec ,
.Cm s ,
.Cm sec ,
.Cm m ,
.Cm min ,
.Cm h ,
.Cm hour ,
.Cm d ,
.Cm day ,
.Cm hz .
If no suffix is specified
.Cm hz
will be used as the unit.
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Sy aggrate Ns = Ns Ar time
Rate of aggregation reading.
.It Sy aggsize Ns = Ns Ar size
Size of the aggregation buffer.
.It Sy bufpolicy Ns = Ns Cm fill Ns | Ns Cm switch Ns | Ns Cm ring
Specifies the buffer policy for the principal buffer.
.It Sy bufresize Ns = Ns Cm auto Ns | Ns Cm manual
Buffer resizing policy.
.It Sy bufsize Ns = Ns Ar size
Size of the per-CPU principal buffer.
Same as the
.Fl b
flag.
.It Sy cleanrate Ns = Ns Ar time
Cleaning rate.
Must be specified in number-per-second with the
.Dq Li hz
suffix.
.It Sy cpu Ns = Ns Ar scalar
Specifies the CPU on which to enable tracing.
.It Sy cpp
Run a C preprocessor over input files.
Same as the
.Fl C
flag.
.It Sy cpppath Ns = Ns Ar path
Use the specified path for the C preprocessor rather than
searching for
.Dq cpp
in
.Ev PATH .
.It Sy defaultargs
Allow references to unspecified macro arguments.
.It Sy destructive
Allow destructive actions.
Same as the
.Fl w
flag.
.It Sy dynvarsize Ns = Ns Ar size
Size of the dynamic variable space.
.Sm off
.It Sy evaltime = Cm exec | preinit | postinit | main
.Sm on
Process create mode.
When using
.Fl c Ar cmd
to start a command,
.Nm
will first stop the newly started
.Ar cmd ,
evaluate the
.Xr d 7
program,
and then resume the
.Ar cmd .
The
.Cm evaltime
option controls the exact moment when this happens.
.Pp
The following table describes supported modes.
.Bl -column -offset indent "postinit" "D Program Evaluation Time"
.It Sy Mode Ta Sy D Program Evaluation Time
.It Cm exec Ta
Right at the first instruction of the command
.Ar cmd
execution.
.It Cm preinit Ta
Before
.Xr elf 5 Ap s
.Dq .init
sections.
.It Cm postinit Ta
After
.Xr elf 5 Ap s
.Dq .init
sections.
Default on
.Fx .
.It Cm main Ta
Before the first instruction of the
.Fn main
function.
.El
.Pp
Usually, there is no reason to change the default mode,
but it might be handy in situations such as shared library tracing.
.It Sy flowindent
Turn on flow indentation.
Same as the
.Fl F
flag.
.It Sy grabanon
Claim anonymous state.
Same as the
.Fl a
flag.
.It Sy jstackframes Ns = Ns Ar scalar
Number of default stack frames for
.Fn jstack .
.It Sy jstackstrsize Ns = Ns Ar scalar
Default string space size for
.Fn jstack .
.It Sy ldpath Ns = Ns Ar path
When
.Fl G
is specified, use the specified path for a static linker
rather than searching for
.Dq "ld"
in
.Ev PATH .
.It Sy libdir Ns = Ns Ar path
Add a directory to the system library path.
.It Sy nspec Ns = Ns Ar scalar
Number of speculations.
.It Sy nolibs
Do not load D system libraries.
.It Sy quiet
Set quiet mode.
Same as the
.Fl q
flag.
.It Sy specsize Ns = Ns Ar size
Size of the speculation buffer.
.It Sy strsize Ns = Ns Ar size
Maximum size of strings.
.It Sy stackframes Ns = Ns Ar scalar
Maximum number of kernelspace stack frames to unwind when executing the
.Fn stack
action.
.It Sy stackindent Ns = Ns Ar scalar
Number of whitespace characters to use when indenting
.Fn stack
and
.Fn ustack
output.
.It Sy oformat Ns = Ns Ar format
Specify the format to use for output.
Setting
.Sy oformat
to
.Ql text
makes
.Nm
use regular human-readable output which is its default behavior.
The options passed to
.Sy oformat
are directly forwarded to
.Xr libxo 3 .
Some of the supported formatters include
.Ql json ,
.Ql xml
and
.Ql html .
Note that this option will cause
.Nm
to not produce any output unless printing functions are explicitly called,
or the
.Fl O
flag is specified.
For more information see
.Sx STRUCTURED OUTPUT .
.It Sy statusrate Ns = Ns Ar time
Rate of status checking.
.It Sy switchrate Ns = Ns Ar time
Rate of buffer switching.
.It Sy syslibdir Ns = Ns Ar path
Path to system libraries.
Defaults to
.Pa /usr/lib/dtrace .
.It Sy ustackframes Ns = Ns Ar scalar
Maximum number of userspace stack frames to unwind when executing the
.Fn ustack
action.
.El
.It Fl X Cm a | c | s | t
Specify the degree of conformance to the ISO C standard that should be selected
when invoking
.Xr cpp 1
(enabled using the
.Fl C
option).
The
.Fl X
option argument affects the value and presence of the __STDC__ macro depending
upon the value of the argument letter.
.sp
The
.Fl X
option supports the following arguments:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It a
Default.
ISO C plus K&R compatibility extensions, with semantic changes required by ISO
C.
This is the default mode if
.Fl X
is not specified.
The predefined macro __STDC__ has a value of 0 when
.Xr cpp 1
is invoked in conjunction with the
.Fl Xa
option.
.It c
Conformance.
Strictly conformant ISO C, without K&R C compatibility extensions.
The predefined macro __STDC__ has a value of 1 when
.Xr cpp 1
is invoked in conjunction with the
.Fl \&Xc
option.
.It s
K&R C only.
The macro __STDC__ is not defined when
.Xr cpp 1
is invoked in conjunction with the
.Fl Xs
option.
.It t
Transition.
ISO C plus K&R C compatibility extensions, without semantic changes required by
ISO C.
The predefined macro __STDC__ has a value of 0 when
.Xr cpp 1
is invoked in conjunction with the
.Fl Xt
option.
.El
.Pp
As the
.Fl X
option only affects how the D compiler invokes the C preprocessor, the
.Fl Xa
and
.Fl Xt
options are equivalent from the perspective of D and both are provided only to
ease re-use of settings from a C build environment.
.Pp
Regardless of the
.Fl X
mode, the following additional C preprocessor definitions are always specified
and valid in all modes:
.Bl -bullet -offset indent
.It
__sun
.It
__unix
.It
__SVR4
.It
__i386 (on x86 systems only when 32-bit programs are compiled)
.It
__amd64 (on x86 systems only when 64-bit programs are compiled)
.It
__`uname -s`_`uname -r` (for example,
.Ql FreeBSD_9.2-RELEASE .
.It
__SUNW_D=1
.It
.No __SUNW_D_VERSION=0x Ns Ar MMmmmuuu
.Pp
Where
.Ar MM
is the major release value in hexadecimal,
.Ar mmm
is the minor release value in hexadecimal, and
.Ar uuu
is the micro release value in hexadecimal.
.El
.It Fl Z
Permit probe descriptions that match zero probes.
If the
.Fl Z
option is not specified,
.Nm
reports an error and exits if any probe descriptions specified in D program
files
.Fl ( s
option) or on the command line
.Fl ( P , m , f , n ,
or
.Fl i
options) contain descriptions that do not match any known probes.
.El
.Sh STRUCTURED OUTPUT
.Nm
supports structured output using
.Xr libxo 3 .
The output will always have a top-level object called
.Dq dtrace ,
followed by a list of objects
.Dq probes .
Each of the probe objects will to have a timestamp which is generated at
output time rather than probe firing time, an identifier for the CPU on
which the probe was executed, and the probe's full specification:
.Bd -literal
{
"dtrace": {
"probes": [
{
"timestamp": ...,
"cpu": ...,
"id": ...,
"provider": ...,
"module": ...,
"function": ...,
"name": ...,
"output": [
... (script-specific output)
]
}
]
}
}
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
.Ed
.Pp
It is also possible for XML output to take the following form if some
of the fields are empty (in this example, module and function values
are absent):
.Bd -literal
...
...
.Ed
.Pp
Similarly,
.Sy oformat
can be used to generate HTML:
.Bd -literal
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
.Ed
.Pp
Unlike JSON and XML, the
.Dq output
array is not present.
Instead, data is simply formatted into a div of class
.Dq data
and a data-tag is associated with each of the keys.
.Pp
The
.Dq output
array's contents depend on the probes' actions and is explained below.
The examples here are presented in JSON form as opposed to XML or HTML,
however the conversion explained above applies for all output formats.
.Pp
Any scalar output, such as output produced by the
.Fn trace
action is of form:
.Bd -literal
{
"value": ...
}
.Ed
.Pp
The
.Fn printf
action begins with an object containing the formatted output of the
.Fn printf
action.
Subsequent objects contains the value of each of the arguments to
.Fn printf
in its raw form as if the
.Fn trace
action was used instead.
A
.Fn printf
statement which contains no arguments other than the message will only have
one object following the message object and its value will always be 0.
This is an artefact of the implementation and can safely be ignored.
.Bd -literal
# dtrace --libxo json,pretty -n 'BEGIN { printf("... %Y, ..", walltimestamp); }'
{
"message": "... 2023 Sep 7 16:49:02, .."
},
{
"value": 1694105342633402400
},
{
...
}
.Ed
.Pp
Scalar aggregations are aggregations which produce a single value for a given
key.
These aggregations include
.Fn count ,
.Fn min ,
.Fn max ,
.Fn stddev
and
.Fn sum .
Each one of them is represented by the key containing their name.
For example, the output of a
.Fn stddev
aggregation will contain a key
.Dq stddev
inside an
.Dq aggregation-data
object:
.Bd -literal
{
"aggregation-data": [
{
"keys": [
...
],
"stddev": ...
}
],
"aggregation-name": ...
}
.Ed
.Pp
The
.Dq keys
field remains consistent across all aggregations, however
.Fn quantize ,
.Fn lquantize
and
.Fn llquantize
need to be treated differently.
.Sy oformat
will create a new array of objects called
.Dq buckets .
Each of the objects contains a
.Dq value
and a
.Dq count
field which are
the left-hand side and the right-hand side of human-readable
.Nm
output respectively.
The full object has the following format:
.Bd -literal
{
"aggregation-data": [
...
{
"keys": [
...
],
"buckets": [
{
"value": 32,
"count": 0
},
{
"value": 64,
"count": 17
},
...
],
},
...
]
"aggregation-name": ...
}
.Ed
.Pp
Similar to scalar aggregations, named scalar actions such as
.Fn mod ,
.Fn umod ,
.Fn usym ,
.Fn tracemem
and
.Fn printm
will output an object with the key being equal to the
name of the action.
For example,
.Fn printm
output would produce the following object:
.Bd -literal
{
"printm": "0x4054171100"
}
.Ed
.Pp
.Fn sym
is slightly different.
While it will create a
.Dq sym
field which contains its value, in some cases it will also create additional
fields
.Dq object ,
.Dq name
and
.Dq offset :
.Bd -literal
# dtrace -x oformat=json,pretty -On 'BEGIN { sym((uintptr_t)&`prison0); }'
{
"sym": "kernel`prison0",
"object": "kernel",
"name": "prison0"
}
# dtrace --libxo json,pretty -On 'BEGIN { sym((uintptr_t)curthread); }'
{
"sym": "0xfffffe00c18d2000",
"offset": "0xfffffe00c18d2000"
}
.Ed
.Pp
.Fn stack
and
.Fn ustack
actions unroll each of the stack frames into its own object in an array.
The only real difference between them is that the
.Fn stack
action will produce a list called
.Dq stack-frames
while
.Fn ustack
will produce one called
.Dq ustack-frames .
The following is an example of their
.Sy oformat
output:
.Bd -literal
{
"stack-frames": [
{
"symbol": "dtrace.ko`dtrace_dof_create+0x35",
"module": "dtrace.ko",
"name": "dtrace_dof_create",
"offset": "0x35"
},
{
"symbol": "dtrace.ko`dtrace_ioctl+0x81c",
"module": "dtrace.ko",
"name": "dtrace_ioctl",
"offset": "0x81c"
},
...
]
}
{
"ustack-frames": [
{
"symbol": "libc.so.7`ioctl+0xa",
"module": "libc.so.7",
"name": "ioctl",
"offset": "0xa"
},
{
"symbol": "libdtrace.so.2`dtrace_go+0xf3",
"module": "libdtrace.so.2",
"name": "dtrace_go",
"offset": "0xf3"
},
...
]
}
.Ed
.Pp
The
.Fn print
action produces a
.Dq type
list in the following form:
.Bd -literal
{
"type": [
{
"object-name": "kernel",
"name": "struct thread",
"ctfid": 2372
},
{
"member-name": "td_lock",
"name": "struct mtx *volatile",
"ctfid": 2035,
"value": "0xffffffff82158440"
},
...
}
.Ed
.Pp
If the type is invalid, a
.Dq warning
object will be produced containing the diagnostic message as well as two
possible optional fields:
.Dq type-identifier
which contains the CTF identifier of the type and
.Dq size containing the size of an integer, enum or float.
The fields generated will depend on the kind of error that was encountered
while processing the trace data.
.Pp
Finally,
.Sy oformat
provides a special pseudo-probe to represent drops.
As
.Nm
polls for various kinds of drops
.Sy oformat
will produce output similar to the following in order to represent drops:
.Bd -literal
{
"cpu": -1,
"id": -1,
"provider": "dtrace",
"module": "INTERNAL",
"function": "INTERNAL",
"name": "DROP",
"timestamp": ...,
"count": ...,
"total": ...,
"kind": 2,
"msg": "... dynamic variable drops\n"
}
.Ed
.Sh OPERANDS
You can specify zero or more additional arguments on the
.Nm
command line to define a set of macro variables and so forth).
The additional arguments can be used in D programs specified using the
.Fl s
option or on the command line.
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
.Bl -tag -width 'DTRACE_DEBUG'
.It Ev DTRACE_DEBUG
When defined,
.Nm
will output debug log messages to
.Xr stderr 4 .
.El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /boot/dtrace.dof -compact
.It Pa /boot/dtrace.dof
File for anonymous tracing directives.
.El
.Sh EXIT STATUS
The following exit statuses are returned:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It 0
Successful completion.
.Pp
For D program requests, an exit status of 0 indicates that programs were
successfully compiled, probes were successfully enabled, or anonymous state
was successfully retrieved.
.Nm
returns 0 even if the specified tracing requests encountered errors or drops.
.It 1
An error occurred.
.Pp
For D program requests, an exit status of 1 indicates that program compilation
failed or that the specified request could not be satisfied.
.It 2
Invalid command line options or arguments were specified.
.El
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
.Bl -diag
.It dtrace: could not enable tracing: Permission denied
This can happen when
.Nm
fails to enable destructive actions because
.Va security.bsd.allow_destructive_dtrace
is set to
.Ql 0
in
.Xr loader.conf 5 .
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr cpp 1 ,
.Xr dwatch 1 ,
.Xr dtrace_audit 4 ,
.Xr dtrace_callout_execute 4 ,
.Xr dtrace_cam 4 ,
.Xr dtrace_dtrace 4 ,
.Xr dtrace_fbt 4 ,
.Xr dtrace_io 4 ,
.Xr dtrace_ip 4 ,
.Xr dtrace_kinst 4 ,
.Xr dtrace_lockstat 4 ,
.Xr dtrace_pid 4 ,
.Xr dtrace_proc 4 ,
.Xr dtrace_priv 4 ,
.Xr dtrace_profile 4 ,
.Xr dtrace_sched 4 ,
.Xr dtrace_sctp 4 ,
+.Xr dtrace_syscall 4 ,
.Xr dtrace_tcp 4 ,
.Xr dtrace_udp 4 ,
.Xr dtrace_udplite 4 ,
.Xr dtrace_vfs 4 ,
.Xr elf 5 ,
.Xr d 7 ,
.Xr tracing 7 ,
.Xr SDT 9
.Rs
.%T Solaris Dynamic Tracing Guide
.Re
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
utility first appeared in
.Fx 7.1 .
diff --git a/lib/libsys/intro.2 b/lib/libsys/intro.2
index 008936b278ae..33dfecf648c5 100644
--- a/lib/libsys/intro.2
+++ b/lib/libsys/intro.2
@@ -1,764 +1,765 @@
.\"-
.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1991, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
-.Dd April 19, 2024
+.Dd May 7, 2026
.Dt INTRO 2
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm intro ,
.Nm errno
.Nd introduction to system calls and their error numbers
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libc
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/syscall.h
.In errno.h
.Sh DESCRIPTION
This section contains the system calls which comprise the
.Fx
programming environment.
This page also provides an overview of common definitions and concepts
relevant to system calls, where to find a table of the system calls
currently available on your system, and their error returns.
.\".Pp
.\".Sy System call restart
.\".Pp
.\"(more later...)
.Sh DEFINITIONS
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Process ID
Each active process in the system is uniquely identified by a non-negative
integer called a process ID.
The range of this ID is from 0 to 99999.
.It Parent process ID
A new process is created by a currently active process
.Pq see Xr fork 2 .
The parent process ID of a process is initially the process ID of its creator.
If the creating process exits,
the parent process ID of each child is set to the ID of the calling process's
reaper
.Pq see Xr procctl 2 ,
normally
.Xr init 8 .
.It Process Group
Each active process is a member of a process group that is identified by
a non-negative integer called the process group ID.
This is the process
ID of the group leader.
This grouping permits the signaling of related processes
.Pq see Xr termios 4
and the job control mechanisms of
.Xr csh 1 .
.It Session
A session is a set of one or more process groups.
A session is created by a successful call to
.Xr setsid 2 ,
which causes the caller to become the only member of the only process
group in the new session.
.It Session leader
A process that has created a new session by a successful call to
.Xr setsid 2 ,
is known as a session leader.
Only a session leader may acquire a terminal as its controlling terminal
.Pq see Xr termios 4 .
.It Controlling process
A session leader with a controlling terminal is a controlling process.
.It Controlling terminal
A terminal that is associated with a session is known as the controlling
terminal for that session and its members.
.It Terminal Process Group ID
A terminal may be acquired by a session leader as its controlling terminal.
Once a terminal is associated with a session, any of the process groups
within the session may be placed into the foreground by setting
the terminal process group ID to the ID of the process group.
This facility is used
to arbitrate between multiple jobs contending for the same terminal
.Pq see Xr csh 1 and Xr tty 4 .
.It Orphaned Process Group
A process group is considered to be
.Em orphaned
if it is not under the control of a job control shell.
More precisely, a process group is orphaned
when none of its members has a parent process that is in the same session
as the group,
but is in a different process group.
Note that when a process exits, the parent process for its children
is normally changed to be
.Xr init 8 ,
which is in a separate session.
Not all members of an orphaned process group are necessarily orphaned
processes
.Pq those whose creating process has exited .
The process group of a session leader is orphaned by definition.
.It Real User ID and Real Group ID
Each user on the system is identified by a positive integer
termed the real user ID.
.Pp
Each user is also a member of one or more groups.
One of these groups is distinguished from others and
used in implementing accounting facilities.
The positive
integer corresponding to this distinguished group is termed
the real group ID.
.Pp
All processes have a real user ID and real group ID.
These are initialized from the equivalent attributes
of the process that created it.
.It Effective User Id, Effective Group Id, and Group Access List
Access to system resources is governed by two values:
the effective user ID, and the group access list.
The first member of the group access list is also known as the
effective group ID.
In POSIX.1, the group access list is known as the set of supplementary
group IDs, and it is unspecified whether the effective group ID is
a member of the list.
.Pp
The effective user ID and effective group ID are initially the
process's real user ID and real group ID respectively.
Either
may be modified through execution of a set-user-ID or set-group-ID file
.Pq possibly by one its ancestors
.Pq see Xr execve 2 .
By convention, the effective group ID
.Pq the first member of the group access list
is duplicated, so that the execution of a set-group-ID program
does not result in the loss of the original
.Pq real
group ID.
.Pp
The group access list is a set of group IDs
used only in determining resource accessibility.
Access checks
are performed as described below in ``File Access Permissions''.
.It Saved Set User ID and Saved Set Group ID
When a process executes a new file, the effective user ID is set
to the owner of the file if the file is set-user-ID, and the effective
group ID
.Pq first element of the group access list
is set to the group of the file if the file is set-group-ID.
The effective user ID of the process is then recorded as the saved set-user-ID,
and the effective group ID of the process is recorded as the saved set-group-ID.
These values may be used to regain those values as the effective user
or group ID after reverting to the real ID
.Pq see Xr setuid 2 .
In POSIX.1, the saved set-user-ID and saved set-group-ID are optional,
and are used in setuid and setgid, but this does not work as desired
for the super-user.
.It Super-user
A process is recognized as a
.Em super-user
process and is granted special privileges if its effective user ID is 0.
.It Descriptor
An integer assigned by the system when a file is referenced
by
.Xr open 2
or
.Xr dup 2 ,
or when a socket is created by
.Xr pipe 2 ,
.Xr socket 2
or
.Xr socketpair 2 ,
which uniquely identifies an access path to that file or socket from
a given process or any of its children.
.It File Name
Names consisting of up to
.Brq Dv NAME_MAX
characters may be used to name
an ordinary file, special file, or directory.
.Pp
These characters may be arbitrary eight-bit values,
excluding
.Dv NUL
.Pq ASCII 0
and the
.Ql \&/
character
.Pq slash, ASCII 47 .
.Pp
Note that it is generally unwise to use
.Ql \&* ,
.Ql \&? ,
.Ql \&[
or
.Ql \&]
as part of
file names because of the special meaning attached to these characters
by the shell.
.It Path Name
A path name is a
.Dv NUL Ns -terminated
character string starting with an
optional slash
.Ql \&/ ,
followed by zero or more directory names separated
by slashes, optionally followed by a file name.
The total length of a path name must be less than
.Brq Dv PATH_MAX
characters.
On some systems, this limit may be infinite.
.Pp
If a path name begins with a slash, the path search begins at the
.Em root
directory.
Otherwise, the search begins from the current working directory.
A slash by itself names the root directory.
An empty
pathname refers to the current directory.
.It Directory
A directory is a special type of file that contains entries
that are references to other files.
Directory entries are called links.
By convention, a directory
contains at least two links,
.Ql .\&
and
.Ql \&.. ,
referred to as
.Em dot
and
.Em dot-dot
respectively.
Dot refers to the directory itself and
dot-dot refers to its parent directory.
.It Root Directory and Current Working Directory
Each process has associated with it a concept of a root directory
and a current working directory for the purpose of resolving path
name searches.
A process's root directory need not be the root
directory of the root file system.
.It File Access Permissions
Every file in the file system has a set of access permissions.
These permissions are used in determining whether a process
may perform a requested operation on the file
.Pq such as opening a file for writing .
Access permissions are established at the
time a file is created.
They may be changed at some later time
through the
.Xr chmod 2
call.
.Pp
File access is broken down according to whether a file may be: read,
written, or executed.
Directory files use the execute
permission to control if the directory may be searched.
.Pp
File access permissions are interpreted by the system as
they apply to three different classes of users: the owner
of the file, those users in the file's group, anyone else.
Every file has an independent set of access permissions for
each of these classes.
When an access check is made, the system
decides if permission should be granted by checking the access
information applicable to the caller.
.Pp
Read, write, and execute/search permissions on
a file are granted to a process if:
.Pp
The process's effective user ID is that of the super-user.
Note that even the super-user cannot execute a non-executable file.
.Pp
The process's effective user ID matches the user ID of the owner
of the file and the owner permissions allow the access.
.Pp
The process's effective user ID does not match the user ID of the
owner of the file, and either the process's effective
group ID matches the group ID
of the file, or the group ID of the file is in
the process's group access list,
and the group permissions allow the access.
.Pp
Neither the effective user ID nor effective group ID
and group access list of the process
match the corresponding user ID and group ID of the file,
but the permissions for ``other users'' allow access.
.Pp
Otherwise, permission is denied.
.It Sockets and Address Families
A socket is an endpoint for communication between processes.
Each socket has queues for sending and receiving data.
.Pp
Sockets are typed according to their communications properties.
These properties include whether messages sent and received
at a socket require the name of the partner, whether communication
is reliable, the format used in naming message recipients, etc.
.Pp
Each instance of the system supports some
collection of socket types; consult
.Xr socket 2
for more information about the types available and
their properties.
.Pp
Each instance of the system supports some number of sets of
communications protocols.
Each protocol set supports addresses
of a certain format.
An Address Family is the set of addresses
for a specific group of protocols.
Each socket has an address
chosen from the address family in which the socket was created.
.El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -inset -compact
.It Pa /usr/include/sys/syscall.h
Table of currently available system calls.
.El
.Sh ERRORS
Nearly all of the system calls provide an error number referenced via
the external identifier
.Nm errno .
This identifier is defined in
.In sys/errno.h
as:
.Pp
.Dl extern int * __error();
.Dl #define errno (* __error())
.Pp
The
.Va __error()
function returns a pointer to a field in the thread specific structure for
threads other than the initial thread.
For the initial thread and
non-threaded processes,
.Va __error()
returns a pointer to a global
.Nm errno
variable that is compatible with the previous definition.
.Pp
When a system call detects an error,
it returns an integer value
indicating failure
.Pq usually -1
and sets the variable
.Nm errno
accordingly.
This allows interpretation of the failure on receiving
-1 and to take action accordingly.
Successful calls never set
.Nm errno ;
once set, it remains until another error occurs.
It should only be examined after an error.
Note that a number of system calls overload the meanings of these
error numbers, and that the meanings must be interpreted according
to the type and circumstances of the call.
.Pp
The following is a complete list of the errors and their
names as given in
.In sys/errno.h .
.Bl -hang -width Ds
.It Er 0 Em "Undefined error: 0" .
Not used.
.It Er 1 EPERM Em "Operation not permitted" .
An attempt was made to perform an operation limited to processes
with appropriate privileges or to the owner of a file or other
resources.
.It Er 2 ENOENT Em "No such file or directory" .
A component of a specified pathname did not exist, or the
pathname was an empty string.
.It Er 3 ESRCH Em "No such process" .
No process could be found corresponding to that specified by the given
process ID.
.It Er 4 EINTR Em "Interrupted system call" .
An asynchronous signal
.Pq such as Dv SIGINT or Dv SIGQUIT
was caught by the process during the execution of an interruptible
function.
If the signal handler performs a normal return, the
interrupted system call will seem to have returned the error condition.
.It Er 5 EIO Em "Input/output error" .
Some physical input or output error occurred.
This error will not be reported until a subsequent operation on the same file
descriptor and may be lost
.Pq over written
by any subsequent errors.
.It Er 6 ENXIO Em "Device not configured" .
Input or output on a special file referred to a device that did not
exist, or
made a request beyond the limits of the device.
This error may also occur when, for example,
a tape drive is not online or no disk pack is
loaded on a drive.
.It Er 7 E2BIG Em "Argument list too long" .
The number of bytes used for the argument and environment
list of the new process exceeded the current limit
.Pq Dv NCARGS in In sys/param.h .
.It Er 8 ENOEXEC Em "Exec format error" .
A request was made to execute a file
that, although it has the appropriate permissions,
was not in the format required for an
executable file.
.It Er 9 EBADF Em "Bad file descriptor" .
A file descriptor argument was out of range, referred to no open file,
or a read
.Pq write
request was made to a file that was only open for writing
.Pq reading .
.It Er 10 ECHILD Em "\&No child processes" .
A
.Xr wait 2 or Xr waitpid 2
function was executed by a process that had no existing or unwaited-for
child processes.
.It Er 11 EDEADLK Em "Resource deadlock avoided" .
An attempt was made to lock a system resource that
would have resulted in a deadlock situation.
.It Er 12 ENOMEM Em "Cannot allocate memory" .
The new process image required more memory than was allowed by the hardware
or by system-imposed memory management constraints.
A lack of swap space is normally temporary; however,
a lack of core is not.
Soft limits may be increased to their corresponding hard limits.
.It Er 13 EACCES Em "Permission denied" .
An attempt was made to access a file in a way forbidden
by its file access permissions.
.It Er 14 EFAULT Em "Bad address" .
The system detected an invalid address in attempting to
use an argument of a call.
.It Er 15 ENOTBLK Em "Block device required" .
A block device operation was attempted on a non-block device or file.
.It Er 16 EBUSY Em "Device busy" .
An attempt to use a system resource which was in use at the time
in a manner which would have conflicted with the request.
.It Er 17 EEXIST Em "File exists" .
An existing file was mentioned in an inappropriate context,
for instance, as the new link name in a
.Xr link 2
system call.
.It Er 18 EXDEV Em "Cross-device link" .
A hard link to a file on another file system
was attempted.
.It Er 19 ENODEV Em "Operation not supported by device" .
An attempt was made to apply an inappropriate
function to a device,
for example,
trying to read a write-only device such as a printer.
.It Er 20 ENOTDIR Em "Not a directory" .
A component of the specified pathname existed, but it was
not a directory, when a directory was expected.
.It Er 21 EISDIR Em "Is a directory" .
An attempt was made to open a directory with write mode specified.
.It Er 22 EINVAL Em "Invalid argument" .
Some invalid argument was supplied.
For example, specifying an undefined signal to a
.Xr signal 3
function or a
.Xr kill 2
system call.
.It Er 23 ENFILE Em "Too many open files in system" .
Maximum number of open files allowable on the system
has been reached and requests for an open cannot be satisfied
until at least one has been closed.
.It Er 24 EMFILE Em "Too many open files" .
Maximum number of file descriptors allowable in the process
has been reached and requests for an open cannot be satisfied
until at least one has been closed.
The
.Xr getdtablesize 2
system call will obtain the current limit.
.It Er 25 ENOTTY Em "Inappropriate ioctl for device" .
A control function
.Pq see Xr ioctl 2
was attempted for a file or
special device for which the operation was inappropriate.
.It Er 26 ETXTBSY Em "Text file busy" .
The new process was a pure procedure
.Pq shared text
file which was open for writing by another process, or
while the pure procedure file was being executed an
.Xr open 2
call requested write access.
.It Er 27 EFBIG Em "File too large" .
The size of a file exceeded the maximum.
.It Er 28 ENOSPC Em "No space left on device" .
A
.Xr write 2
to an ordinary file, the creation of a
directory or symbolic link, or the creation of a directory
entry failed because no more disk blocks were available
on the file system, or the allocation of an inode for a newly
created file failed because no more inodes were available
on the file system.
.It Er 29 ESPIPE Em "Illegal seek" .
An
.Xr lseek 2
system call was issued on a socket, pipe or FIFO.
.It Er 30 EROFS Em "Read-only file system" .
An attempt was made to modify a file or directory
on a file system that was read-only at the time.
.It Er 31 EMLINK Em "Too many links" .
Maximum allowable hard links to a single file has been exceeded.
This limit is a filesystem dependent variable
.Po
.Va UFS_LINK_MAX No on Xr ufs 4 ,
.Va FUSE_LINK_MAX No on Xr fusefs 4 , and
.Va TMPFS_MAX No on Xr tmpfs 4
.Pc .
.It Er 32 EPIPE Em "Broken pipe" .
A write on a pipe, socket or FIFO for which there is no process to read
the data.
.It Er 33 EDOM Em "Numerical argument out of domain" .
A numerical input argument was outside the defined domain of the mathematical
function.
.It Er 34 ERANGE Em "Result too large" .
A numerical result of the function was too large to fit in the
available space
.Pq perhaps exceeded precision .
.It Er 35 EAGAIN Em "Resource temporarily unavailable" .
This is a temporary condition and later calls to the
same routine may complete normally.
.It Er 36 EINPROGRESS Em "Operation now in progress" .
An operation that takes a long time to complete, such as
.Xr connect 2 ,
was attempted on a non-blocking object
.Pq see Xr fcntl 2 .
.It Er 37 EALREADY Em "Operation already in progress" .
An operation was attempted on a non-blocking object that already
had an operation in progress.
.It Er 38 ENOTSOCK Em "Socket operation on non-socket" .
Self-explanatory.
.It Er 39 EDESTADDRREQ Em "Destination address required" .
A required address was omitted from an operation on a socket.
.It Er 40 EMSGSIZE Em "Message too long" .
A message sent on a socket was larger than the internal message buffer
or some other network limit.
.It Er 41 EPROTOTYPE Em "Protocol wrong type for socket" .
A protocol was specified that does not support the semantics of the
socket type requested.
For example, you cannot use the ARPA Internet UDP protocol with type
.Dv SOCK_STREAM .
.It Er 42 ENOPROTOOPT Em "Protocol not available" .
A bad option or level was specified in a
.Xr getsockopt 2
or
.Xr setsockopt 2
call.
.It Er 43 EPROTONOSUPPORT Em "Protocol not supported" .
The protocol has not been configured into the
system or no implementation for it exists.
.It Er 44 ESOCKTNOSUPPORT Em "Socket type not supported" .
The support for the socket type has not been configured into the
system or no implementation for it exists.
.It Er 45 EOPNOTSUPP Em "Operation not supported" .
The attempted operation is not supported for the type of object referenced.
Usually this occurs when a file descriptor refers to a file or socket
that cannot support this operation,
for example, trying to
.Em accept
a connection on a datagram socket.
.It Er 46 EPFNOSUPPORT Em "Protocol family not supported" .
The protocol family has not been configured into the
system or no implementation for it exists.
.It Er 47 EAFNOSUPPORT Em "Address family not supported by protocol family" .
An address incompatible with the requested protocol was used.
For example, you should not necessarily expect to be able to use
NS addresses with ARPA Internet protocols.
.It Er 48 EADDRINUSE Em "Address already in use" .
Only one usage of each address is normally permitted.
.It Er 49 EADDRNOTAVAIL Em "Can't assign requested address" .
Normally results from an attempt to create a socket with an
address not on this machine.
.It Er 50 ENETDOWN Em "Network is down" .
A socket operation encountered a dead network.
.It Er 51 ENETUNREACH Em "Network is unreachable" .
A socket operation was attempted to an unreachable network.
.It Er 52 ENETRESET Em "Network dropped connection on reset" .
The host you were connected to crashed and rebooted.
.It Er 53 ECONNABORTED Em "Software caused connection abort" .
A connection abort was caused internal to your host machine.
.It Er 54 ECONNRESET Em "Connection reset by peer" .
A connection was forcibly closed by a peer.
This normally
results from a loss of the connection on the remote socket
due to a timeout or a reboot.
.It Er 55 ENOBUFS Em "\&No buffer space available" .
An operation on a socket or pipe was not performed because
the system lacked sufficient buffer space or because a queue was full.
.It Er 56 EISCONN Em "Socket is already connected" .
A
.Xr connect 2
request was made on an already connected socket; or,
a
.Xr sendto 2
or
.Xr sendmsg 2
request on a connected socket specified a destination
when already connected.
.It Er 57 ENOTCONN Em "Socket is not connected" .
An request to send or receive data was disallowed because
the socket was not connected and
.Pq when sending on a datagram socket
no address was supplied.
.It Er 58 ESHUTDOWN Em "Can't send after socket shutdown" .
A request to send data was disallowed because the socket
had already been shut down with a previous
.Xr shutdown 2
call.
.It Er 60 ETIMEDOUT Em "Operation timed out" .
A
.Xr connect 2
or
.Xr send 2
request failed because the connected party did not
properly respond after a period of time.
The timeout period is dependent on the communication protocol.
.It Er 61 ECONNREFUSED Em "Connection refused" .
No connection could be made because the target machine actively
refused it.
This usually results from trying to connect
to a service that is inactive on the foreign host.
.It Er 62 ELOOP Em "Too many levels of symbolic links" .
A path name lookup involved more than 32
.Pq Dv MAXSYMLINKS
symbolic links.
.It Er 63 ENAMETOOLONG Em "File name too long" .
A component of a path name exceeded
.Brq Dv NAME_MAX
characters, or an entire
path name exceeded
.Brq Dv PATH_MAX
characters.
See also the description of
.Dv _PC_NO_TRUNC in Xr pathconf 2 .
.It Er 64 EHOSTDOWN Em "Host is down" .
A socket operation failed because the destination host was down.
.It Er 65 EHOSTUNREACH Em "No route to host" .
A socket operation was attempted to an unreachable host.
.It Er 66 ENOTEMPTY Em "Directory not empty" .
A directory with entries other than
.Ql .\&
and
.Ql ..\&
was supplied to a remove directory or rename call.
.It Er 67 EPROCLIM Em "Too many processes" .
.It Er 68 EUSERS Em "Too many users" .
The quota system ran out of table entries.
.It Er 69 EDQUOT Em "Disc quota exceeded" .
A
.Xr write 2
to an ordinary file, the creation of a
directory or symbolic link, or the creation of a directory
entry failed because the user's quota of disk blocks was
exhausted, or the allocation of an inode for a newly
created file failed because the user's quota of inodes
was exhausted.
.It Er 70 ESTALE Em "Stale NFS file handle" .
An attempt was made to access an open file
.Pq on an NFS file system
which is now unavailable as referenced by the file descriptor.
This may indicate the file was deleted on the NFS server or some
other catastrophic event occurred.
.It Er 72 EBADRPC Em "RPC struct is bad" .
Exchange of RPC information was unsuccessful.
.It Er 73 ERPCMISMATCH Em "RPC version wrong" .
The version of RPC on the remote peer is not compatible with
the local version.
.It Er 74 EPROGUNAVAIL Em "RPC prog. not avail" .
The requested program is not registered on the remote host.
.It Er 75 EPROGMISMATCH Em "Program version wrong" .
The requested version of the program is not available
on the remote host
.Pq RPC .
.It Er 76 EPROCUNAVAIL Em "Bad procedure for program" .
An RPC call was attempted for a procedure which does not exist
in the remote program.
.It Er 77 ENOLCK Em "No locks available" .
A system-imposed limit on the number of simultaneous file
locks was reached.
.It Er 78 ENOSYS Em "Function not implemented" .
Attempted a system call that is not available on this
system.
.It Er 79 EFTYPE Em "Inappropriate file type or format" .
The file was the wrong type for the operation, or a data file had
the wrong format.
.It Er 80 EAUTH Em "Authentication error" .
Attempted to use an invalid authentication ticket to mount a
NFS file system.
.It Er 81 ENEEDAUTH Em "Need authenticator" .
An authentication ticket must be obtained before the given NFS
file system may be mounted.
.It Er 82 EIDRM Em "Identifier removed" .
An IPC identifier was removed while the current process was waiting on it.
.It Er 83 ENOMSG Em "No message of desired type" .
An IPC message queue does not contain a message of the desired type, or a
message catalog does not contain the requested message.
.It Er 84 EOVERFLOW Em "Value too large to be stored in data type" .
A numerical result of the function was too large to be stored in the caller
provided space.
.It Er 85 ECANCELED Em "Operation canceled" .
The scheduled operation was canceled.
.It Er 86 EILSEQ Em "Illegal byte sequence" .
While decoding a multibyte character the function came along an
invalid or an incomplete sequence of bytes or the given wide
character is invalid.
.It Er 87 ENOATTR Em "Attribute not found" .
The specified extended attribute does not exist.
.It Er 88 EDOOFUS Em "Programming error" .
A function or API is being abused in a way which could only be detected
at run-time.
.It Er 89 EBADMSG Em "Bad message" .
A corrupted message was detected.
.It Er 90 EMULTIHOP Em "Multihop attempted" .
This error code is unused, but present for compatibility with other systems.
.It Er 91 ENOLINK Em "Link has been severed" .
This error code is unused, but present for compatibility with other systems.
.It Er 92 EPROTO Em "Protocol error" .
A device or socket encountered an unrecoverable protocol error.
.It Er 93 ENOTCAPABLE Em "Capabilities insufficient" .
An operation on a capability file descriptor requires greater privilege than
the capability allows.
.It Er 94 ECAPMODE Em "Not permitted in capability mode" .
The system call or operation is not permitted for capability mode processes.
.It Er 95 ENOTRECOVERABLE Em "State not recoverable" .
The state protected by a robust mutex is not recoverable.
.It Er 96 EOWNERDEAD Em "Previous owner died" .
The owner of a robust mutex terminated while holding the mutex lock.
.It Er 97 EINTEGRITY Em "Integrity check failed" .
An integrity check such as a check-hash or a cross-correlation failed.
The integrity error falls in the kernel I/O stack between
.Er EINVAL
that identifies errors in parameters to a system call and
.Er EIO
that identifies errors with the underlying storage media.
It is typically raised by intermediate kernel layers such as a
filesystem or an in-kernel GEOM subsystem when they detect inconsistencies.
Uses include allowing the
.Xr mount 8
command to return a different exit value to automate the running of
.Xr fsck 8
during a system boot.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr intro 3 ,
-.Xr perror 3
+.Xr perror 3 ,
+.Xr dtrace_syscall 4
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm Ns Pq 2
manual page first appeared in
.At v5 .
diff --git a/share/man/man4/Makefile b/share/man/man4/Makefile
index 60ab6e8bdab6..44671c564239 100644
--- a/share/man/man4/Makefile
+++ b/share/man/man4/Makefile
@@ -1,1155 +1,1156 @@
.include
MANGROUPS= MAN
MANPACKAGE= kernel-man
# If you add a new file here, please consider adding an entry to the
# hardware notes template (website/archetypes/release/hardware.adoc in
# the doc repository); otherwise the automatically generated hardware
# notes will not include your driver.
# If you enable a driver for a different architecture, please remember
# to update the arch specifier in the document title of the manual.
MAN= aac.4 \
aacraid.4 \
acpi.4 \
${_acpi_asus.4} \
${_acpi_asus_wmi.4} \
${_acpi_dock.4} \
${_acpi_fujitsu.4} \
${_acpi_hp.4} \
${_acpi_ibm.4} \
${_acpi_panasonic.4} \
${_acpi_rapidstart.4} \
${_acpi_sony.4} \
acpi_ged.4 \
acpi_thermal.4 \
acpi_battery.4 \
${_acpi_toshiba.4} \
acpi_video.4 \
${_acpi_wmi.4} \
ada.4 \
adm6996fc.4 \
ads111x.4 \
ae.4 \
${_aesni.4} \
age.4 \
agp.4 \
ahc.4 \
ahci.4 \
ahd.4 \
${_aibs.4} \
aio.4 \
alc.4 \
ale.4 \
alpm.4 \
appleir.4 \
altq.4 \
amdpm.4 \
${_amdsbwd.4} \
${_amdsmb.4} \
${_amdsmn.4} \
${_amdtemp.4} \
${_bxe.4} \
${_aout.4} \
${_apic.4} \
aq.4 \
arcmsr.4 \
arswitch.4 \
${_asmc.4} \
at45d.4 \
ata.4 \
ath.4 \
ath_hal.4 \
atkbd.4 \
atkbdc.4 \
${_atopcase.4} \
atp.4 \
${_atrtc.4} \
${_attimer.4} \
audit.4 \
auditpipe.4 \
aue.4 \
${_aw_gpio.4} \
${_aw_mmc.4} \
${_aw_rtc.4} \
${_aw_sid.4} \
${_aw_spi.4} \
${_aw_syscon.4} \
axe.4 \
axge.4 \
axp.4 \
bce.4 \
bcm5974.4 \
bcma.4 \
bfe.4 \
bge.4 \
${_bhyve.4} \
bhnd.4 \
bhnd_chipc.4 \
bhnd_pmu.4 \
bhndb.4 \
bhndb_pci.4 \
blackhole.4 \
bnxt.4 \
boottrace.4 \
bpf.4 \
bridge.4 \
bwi.4 \
bwn.4 \
${_bytgpio.4} \
capsicum.4 \
cardbus.4 \
carp.4 \
cas.4 \
cc_cdg.4 \
cc_chd.4 \
cc_cubic.4 \
cc_dctcp.4 \
cc_hd.4 \
cc_htcp.4 \
cc_newreno.4 \
cc_vegas.4 \
${_ccd.4} \
ccr.4 \
cd9660.4 \
cd.4 \
cdce.4 \
cdceem.4 \
cfi.4 \
cfumass.4 \
${_cgem.4} \
ch.4 \
chromebook_platform.4 \
${_chvgpio.4} \
ciss.4 \
${_coretemp.4} \
cp2112.4 \
${_cpuctl.4} \
cpufreq.4 \
crypto.4 \
ctl.4 \
cue.4 \
cxgb.4 \
cxgbe.4 \
cxgbev.4 \
cyapa.4 \
da.4 \
dc.4 \
dcons.4 \
dcons_crom.4 \
ddb.4 \
devctl.4 \
devfs.4 \
disc.4 \
disk.4 \
divert.4 \
${_dpms.4} \
ds1307.4 \
ds3231.4 \
${_dtrace_provs} \
dummymbuf.4 \
dummynet.4 \
edsc.4 \
ehci.4 \
em.4 \
ena.4 \
enc.4 \
enic.4 \
epair.4 \
est.4 \
et.4 \
etherswitch.4 \
eventtimers.4 \
exca.4 \
ext2fs.4 \
e6000sw.4 \
e6060sw.4 \
fd.4 \
fdc.4 \
fdescfs.4 \
fdt.4 \
fdt_pinctrl.4 \
fdtbus.4 \
ffclock.4 \
ffs.4 \
filemon.4 \
firewire.4 \
${_ftgpio.4} \
${_ftwd.4} \
full.4 \
fusefs.4 \
fwe.4 \
fwip.4 \
fwohci.4 \
fxp.4 \
gdb.4 \
gem.4 \
genet.4 \
genetlink.4 \
geneve.4 \
geom.4 \
geom_linux_lvm.4 \
geom_uzip.4 \
geom_zero.4 \
gif.4 \
${_gve.4} \
gpio.4 \
gpioiic.4 \
gpiokeys.4 \
gpioled.4 \
gpioths.4 \
gre.4 \
h_ertt.4 \
hconf.4 \
hcons.4 \
hgame.4 \
hidbus.4 \
hidquirk.4 \
hidraw.4 \
hkbd.4 \
hms.4 \
hmt.4 \
hpen.4 \
hpet.4 \
${_hpt27xx.4} \
${_hptiop.4} \
${_hptmv.4} \
${_hptnr.4} \
${_hptrr.4} \
hsctrl.4 \
htu21.4 \
${_hv_kvp.4} \
${_hv_netvsc.4} \
${_hv_storvsc.4} \
${_hv_utils.4} \
${_hv_vmbus.4} \
${_hv_vss.4} \
hwpmc.4 \
${_hwt.4} \
${_hwpstate_intel.4} \
i2ctinyusb.4 \
iavf.4 \
ice.4 \
ichsmb.4 \
${_ichwd.4} \
icmp.4 \
icmp6.4 \
ida.4 \
ietp.4 \
if_ipsec.4 \
iflib.4 \
ifmib.4 \
ig4.4 \
igmp.4 \
iic.4 \
iic_gpiomux.4 \
iicbb.4 \
iicbus.4 \
iichid.4 \
iicmux.4 \
iicsmb.4 \
${_igc.4} \
${_imcsmb.4} \
inet.4 \
inet6.4 \
intpm.4 \
intro.4 \
${_io.4} \
${_ioat.4} \
ip.4 \
ip17x.4 \
ip6.4 \
ipfirewall.4 \
ipheth.4 \
${_ipmi.4} \
ips.4 \
ipsec.4 \
ipw.4 \
ipwfw.4 \
isci.4 \
isl.4 \
ismt.4 \
isp.4 \
ispfw.4 \
${_itwd.4} \
iwi.4 \
iwifw.4 \
iwm.4 \
iwmfw.4 \
iwn.4 \
iwnfw.4 \
iwlwifi.4 \
iwlwififw.4 \
${_iwx.4} \
ix.4 \
ixl.4 \
jedec_dimm.4 \
jme.4 \
kbdmux.4 \
kcov.4 \
keyboard.4 \
kld.4 \
ksyms.4 \
ksz8995ma.4 \
ktls.4 \
ktr.4 \
kue.4 \
${_kvmclock.4} \
lagg.4 \
led.4 \
lge.4 \
lindebugfs.4 \
linprocfs.4 \
linsysfs.4 \
${_linux.4} \
linuxkpi.4 \
linuxkpi_wlan.4 \
liquidio.4 \
lm75.4 \
lo.4 \
lp.4 \
lpbb.4 \
lpt.4 \
ltc430x.4 \
mac.4 \
mac_biba.4 \
mac_bsdextended.4 \
mac_ddb.4 \
mac_do.4 \
mac_ifoff.4 \
mac_ipacl.4 \
mac_lomac.4 \
mac_mls.4 \
mac_none.4 \
mac_ntpd.4 \
mac_partition.4 \
mac_portacl.4 \
mac_priority.4 \
mac_seeotheruids.4 \
mac_stub.4 \
mac_test.4 \
malo.4 \
max44009.4 \
${_mca.4} \
md.4 \
mdio.4 \
me.4 \
mem.4 \
mfi.4 \
${_mgb.4} \
miibus.4 \
mld.4 \
mlx.4 \
mlx4en.4 \
mlx5en.4 \
mmc.4 \
mmcsd.4 \
mod_cc.4 \
mos.4 \
mouse.4 \
mpi3mr.4 \
mpr.4 \
mps.4 \
mpt.4 \
mqueuefs.4 \
mrsas.4 \
msdosfs.4 \
msk.4 \
mtio.4 \
mtkswitch.4 \
multicast.4 \
muge.4 \
mvs.4 \
mwl.4 \
mwlfw.4 \
mx25l.4 \
mxge.4 \
my.4 \
net80211.4 \
netdump.4 \
netfpga10g_nf10bmac.4 \
netgdb.4 \
netgraph.4 \
netintro.4 \
netlink.4 \
netmap.4 \
${_nfe.4} \
nfslockd.4 \
${_nfsmb.4} \
ng_async.4 \
ng_bpf.4 \
ng_bridge.4 \
ng_btsocket.4 \
ng_car.4 \
ng_checksum.4 \
ng_cisco.4 \
ng_deflate.4 \
ng_device.4 \
nge.4 \
ng_echo.4 \
ng_eiface.4 \
ng_etf.4 \
ng_ether.4 \
ng_ether_echo.4 \
ng_frame_relay.4 \
ng_gif.4 \
ng_gif_demux.4 \
ng_hci.4 \
ng_hole.4 \
ng_hub.4 \
ng_iface.4 \
ng_ipfw.4 \
ng_ip_input.4 \
ng_ksocket.4 \
ng_l2cap.4 \
ng_l2tp.4 \
ng_lmi.4 \
ng_macfilter.4 \
ng_mppc.4 \
ng_nat.4 \
ng_netflow.4 \
ng_one2many.4 \
ng_patch.4 \
ng_pipe.4 \
ng_ppp.4 \
ng_pppoe.4 \
ng_pptpgre.4 \
ng_pred1.4 \
ng_rfc1490.4 \
ng_socket.4 \
ng_source.4 \
ng_split.4 \
ng_tag.4 \
ng_tcpmss.4 \
ng_tee.4 \
ng_tty.4 \
ng_ubt.4 \
ng_UI.4 \
ng_vjc.4 \
ng_vlan.4 \
ng_vlan_rotate.4 \
nlsysevent.4 \
nmdm.4 \
${_ntb.4} \
${_ntb_hw_amd.4} \
${_ntb_hw_intel.4} \
${_ntb_hw_plx.4} \
${_ntb_transport.4} \
${_nda.4} \
${_if_ntb.4} \
null.4 \
nullfs.4 \
numa.4 \
nvd.4 \
${_nvdimm.4} \
nvme.4 \
nvmf.4 \
nvmf_che.4 \
nvmf_tcp.4 \
nvmft.4 \
${_nvram.4} \
oce.4 \
ocs_fc.4\
ohci.4 \
openfirm.4 \
orm.4 \
${_ossl.4} \
ow.4 \
ow_temp.4 \
owc.4 \
ovpn.4 \
${_padlock.4} \
p9fs.4 \
pass.4 \
pca954x.4 \
pccbb.4 \
pcf.4 \
pcf8574.4 \
pcf8591.4 \
${_pchtherm.4} \
pci.4 \
pcib.4 \
pcm.4 \
${_pf.4} \
${_pflog.4} \
${_pflow.4} \
${_pfsync.4} \
pim.4 \
pms.4 \
polling.4 \
ppbus.4 \
ppc.4 \
ppi.4 \
procdesc.4 \
procfs.4 \
proto.4 \
ps4dshock.4 \
psm.4 \
pst.4 \
pt.4 \
ptnet.4 \
pts.4 \
pty.4 \
puc.4 \
pwmc.4 \
${_pvscsi.4} \
${_qat.4} \
${_qat_c2xxx.4} \
${_qlxge.4} \
${_qlxgb.4} \
${_qlxgbe.4} \
${_qlnxe.4} \
ral.4 \
random.4 \
rctl.4 \
re.4 \
rge.4 \
rgephy.4 \
rights.4 \
rl.4 \
rndtest.4 \
route.4 \
rtnetlink.4 \
rtsx.4 \
rtw88.4 \
rtw89.4 \
rtwn.4 \
rtwnfw.4 \
rtwn_pci.4 \
rue.4 \
sa.4 \
safe.4 \
safexcel.4 \
sbp.4 \
sbp_targ.4 \
scc.4 \
sched_4bsd.4 \
sched_ule.4 \
screen.4 \
scsi.4 \
sctp.4 \
sdhci.4 \
sem.4 \
send.4 \
ses.4 \
${_sfxge.4} \
sg.4 \
sge.4 \
siba.4 \
siftr.4 \
siis.4 \
simplebus.4 \
sis.4 \
sk.4 \
${_smartpqi.4} \
smb.4 \
smbfs.4 \
smbios.4 \
smbus.4 \
smp.4 \
smsc.4 \
snd_als4000.4 \
snd_atiixp.4 \
snd_cmi.4 \
snd_cs4281.4 \
snd_csa.4 \
snd_dummy.4 \
snd_emu10k1.4 \
snd_emu10kx.4 \
snd_envy24.4 \
snd_envy24ht.4 \
snd_es137x.4 \
snd_fm801.4 \
snd_hda.4 \
snd_hdsp.4 \
snd_hdspe.4 \
snd_ich.4 \
snd_maestro3.4 \
snd_neomagic.4 \
snd_solo.4 \
snd_spicds.4 \
snd_t4dwave.4 \
snd_uaudio.4 \
snd_via8233.4 \
snd_via82c686.4 \
snd_vibes.4 \
sndstat.4 \
snp.4 \
spigen.4 \
${_spkr.4} \
splash.4 \
ste.4 \
stf.4 \
stge.4 \
${_sume.4} \
${_superio.4} \
sym.4 \
syncache.4 \
syncer.4 \
syscons.4 \
sysmouse.4 \
tap.4 \
tarfs.4 \
targ.4 \
tcp.4 \
tcp_bbr.4 \
tcp_rack.4 \
tdfx.4 \
termios.4 \
textdump.4 \
thunderbolt.4 \
ti.4 \
timecounters.4 \
tmpfs.4 \
${_tpm.4} \
tslog.4 \
tty.4 \
tun.4 \
tws.4 \
u2f.4 \
udp.4 \
udplite.4 \
${_ufshci.4} \
unionfs.4 \
ure.4 \
vale.4 \
vga.4 \
vge.4 \
viapm.4 \
${_viawd.4} \
virtio.4 \
virtio_balloon.4 \
virtio_blk.4 \
virtio_console.4 \
virtio_gpu.4 \
virtio_random.4 \
virtio_scsi.4 \
${_vmci.4} \
vmgenc.4 \
vkbd.4 \
vlan.4 \
vxlan.4 \
${_vmd.4} \
${_vmm.4} \
${_vmx.4} \
vr.4 \
vt.4 \
vte.4 \
vtnet.4 \
watchdog.4 \
${_wbwd.4} \
${_wdatwd.4} \
wg.4 \
witness.4 \
wlan.4 \
wlan_acl.4 \
wlan_amrr.4 \
wlan_ccmp.4 \
wlan_gcmp.4 \
wlan_tkip.4 \
wlan_wep.4 \
wlan_xauth.4 \
wmt.4 \
${_wpi.4} \
wsp.4 \
xb360gp.4 \
${_xen.4} \
xhci.4 \
xl.4 \
${_xnb.4} \
xpt.4 \
zero.4
MLINKS= ads111x.4 ads1013.4 \
ads111x.4 ads1014.4 \
ads111x.4 ads1015.4 \
ads111x.4 ads1113.4 \
ads111x.4 ads1114.4 \
ads111x.4 ads1115.4
MLINKS+=ae.4 if_ae.4
MLINKS+=age.4 if_age.4
MLINKS+=agp.4 agpgart.4
MLINKS+=alc.4 if_alc.4
MLINKS+=ale.4 if_ale.4
MLINKS+=altq.4 ALTQ.4
MLINKS+=ath.4 if_ath.4
MLINKS+=aue.4 if_aue.4
MLINKS+=axe.4 if_axe.4
MLINKS+=bce.4 if_bce.4
MLINKS+=bfe.4 if_bfe.4
MLINKS+=bge.4 if_bge.4
MLINKS+=bnxt.4 if_bnxt.4
MLINKS+=bridge.4 if_bridge.4
MLINKS+=bwi.4 if_bwi.4
MLINKS+=bwn.4 if_bwn.4
MLINKS+=${_bxe.4} ${_if_bxe.4}
MLINKS+=cas.4 if_cas.4
MLINKS+=cdce.4 if_cdce.4
MLINKS+=cfi.4 cfid.4
MLINKS+=crypto.4 cryptodev.4
MLINKS+=cue.4 if_cue.4
MLINKS+=cxgb.4 if_cxgb.4
MLINKS+=cxgbe.4 if_cxgbe.4 \
cxgbe.4 vcxgbe.4 \
cxgbe.4 if_vcxgbe.4 \
cxgbe.4 cxl.4 \
cxgbe.4 if_cxl.4 \
cxgbe.4 vcxl.4 \
cxgbe.4 if_vcxl.4 \
cxgbe.4 cc.4 \
cxgbe.4 if_cc.4 \
cxgbe.4 vcc.4 \
cxgbe.4 if_vcc.4
MLINKS+=cxgbev.4 if_cxgbev.4 \
cxgbev.4 cxlv.4 \
cxgbev.4 if_cxlv.4 \
cxgbev.4 ccv.4 \
cxgbev.4 if_ccv.4
MLINKS+=dc.4 if_dc.4
MLINKS+=disc.4 if_disc.4
MLINKS+=edsc.4 if_edsc.4
MLINKS+=em.4 if_em.4 \
em.4 igb.4 \
em.4 if_igb.4 \
em.4 lem.4 \
em.4 if_lem.4
MLINKS+=enc.4 if_enc.4
MLINKS+=epair.4 if_epair.4
MLINKS+=et.4 if_et.4
MLINKS+=ext2fs.4 ext4fs.4
MLINKS+=fd.4 stderr.4 \
fd.4 stdin.4 \
fd.4 stdout.4
MLINKS+=ffs.4 ufs.4
MLINKS+=fdt.4 FDT.4
MLINKS+=firewire.4 ieee1394.4
MLINKS+=fwe.4 if_fwe.4
MLINKS+=fwip.4 if_fwip.4
MLINKS+=fxp.4 if_fxp.4
MLINKS+=gem.4 if_gem.4
MLINKS+=genet.4 if_genet.4
MLINKS+=geneve.4 if_geneve.4
MLINKS+=geom.4 GEOM.4
MLINKS+=gif.4 if_gif.4
MLINKS+=gpio.4 gpiobus.4
MLINKS+=gpioths.4 dht11.4
MLINKS+=gpioths.4 dht22.4
MLINKS+=gre.4 if_gre.4
MLINKS+=hpet.4 acpi_hpet.4
MLINKS+=${_hv_netvsc.4} ${_hn.4} \
${_hv_netvsc.4} ${_if_hn.4}
MLINKS+=${_hptrr.4} ${_rr232x.4}
MLINKS+=${_attimer.4} ${_i8254.4}
MLINKS+=ip.4 rawip.4
MLINKS+=ipfirewall.4 ipaccounting.4 \
ipfirewall.4 ipacct.4 \
ipfirewall.4 ipfw.4
MLINKS+=ice.4 if_ice.4
MLINKS+=ipheth.4 if_ipheth.4
MLINKS+=ipw.4 if_ipw.4
MLINKS+=iwi.4 if_iwi.4
MLINKS+=iwlwifi.4 if_iwlwifi.4
MLINKS+=iwm.4 if_iwm.4
MLINKS+=iwn.4 if_iwn.4
MLINKS+=ix.4 if_ix.4
MLINKS+=ix.4 if_ixgbe.4
MLINKS+=ix.4 ixgbe.4
MLINKS+=ixl.4 if_ixl.4
MLINKS+=iavf.4 if_iavf.4
MLINKS+=jme.4 if_jme.4
MLINKS+=kue.4 if_kue.4
MLINKS+=lagg.4 trunk.4
MLINKS+=lagg.4 if_lagg.4
MLINKS+=lge.4 if_lge.4
MLINKS+=lo.4 loop.4
MLINKS+=lp.4 plip.4
MLINKS+=malo.4 if_malo.4
MLINKS+=me.4 if_me.4
MLINKS+=mem.4 kmem.4
MLINKS+=mfi.4 mfi_linux.4 \
mfi.4 mfip.4
MLINKS+=mlx5en.4 mce.4
MLINKS+=mos.4 if_mos.4
MLINKS+=msdosfs.4 msdos.4
MLINKS+=msk.4 if_msk.4
MLINKS+=mwl.4 if_mwl.4
MLINKS+=mxge.4 if_mxge.4
MLINKS+=my.4 if_my.4
MLINKS+=netfpga10g_nf10bmac.4 if_nf10bmac.4
MLINKS+=netintro.4 net.4 \
netintro.4 networking.4
MLINKS+=${_nfe.4} ${_if_nfe.4}
MLINKS+=nge.4 if_nge.4
MLINKS+=openfirm.4 openfirmware.4
MLINKS+=ow.4 onewire.4
MLINKS+=pccbb.4 cbb.4
MLINKS+=pcm.4 snd.4 \
pcm.4 sound.4
MLINKS+=pms.4 pmspcv.4
MLINKS+=ptnet.4 if_ptnet.4
MLINKS+=ral.4 if_ral.4
MLINKS+=re.4 if_re.4
MLINKS+=rl.4 if_rl.4
MLINKS+=rtw88.4 if_rtw88.4
MLINKS+=rtw89.4 if_rtw89.4
MLINKS+=rtwn.4 if_rtwn.4
MLINKS+=rue.4 if_rue.4
MLINKS+=scsi.4 cam.4
MLINKS+=scsi.4 scbus.4
MLINKS+=scsi.4 SCSI.4
MLINKS+=sge.4 if_sge.4
MLINKS+=sis.4 if_sis.4
MLINKS+=sk.4 if_sk.4
MLINKS+=smp.4 SMP.4
MLINKS+=smsc.4 if_smsc.4
MLINKS+=snd_envy24.4 snd_ak452x.4
MLINKS+=${_spkr.4} ${_speaker.4}
MLINKS+=splash.4 screensaver.4
MLINKS+=ste.4 if_ste.4
MLINKS+=stf.4 if_stf.4
MLINKS+=stge.4 if_stge.4
MLINKS+=syncache.4 syncookies.4
MLINKS+=syscons.4 sc.4
MLINKS+=tap.4 if_tap.4 \
tap.4 vmnet.4 \
tap.4 if_vmnet.4
MLINKS+=tdfx.4 tdfx_linux.4
MLINKS+=ti.4 if_ti.4
MLINKS+=tty.4 cua.4
MLINKS+=tun.4 if_tun.4
MLINKS+=ure.4 if_ure.4
MLINKS+=vge.4 if_vge.4
MLINKS+=vlan.4 if_vlan.4
MLINKS+=vxlan.4 if_vxlan.4
MLINKS+=${_vmx.4} ${_if_vmx.4}
MLINKS+=vr.4 if_vr.4
MLINKS+=vte.4 if_vte.4
MLINKS+=vtnet.4 if_vtnet.4
MLINKS+=watchdog.4 SW_WATCHDOG.4
MLINKS+=wg.4 if_wg.4
MLINKS+=wlan.4 wifi.4
MLINKS+=${_wpi.4} ${_if_wpi.4}
MLINKS+=xl.4 if_xl.4
.if ${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "amd64" || ${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "i386"
_acpi_asus.4= acpi_asus.4
_acpi_asus_wmi.4= acpi_asus_wmi.4
_acpi_dock.4= acpi_dock.4
_acpi_fujitsu.4=acpi_fujitsu.4
_acpi_hp.4= acpi_hp.4
_acpi_ibm.4= acpi_ibm.4
_acpi_panasonic.4=acpi_panasonic.4
_acpi_rapidstart.4=acpi_rapidstart.4
_acpi_sony.4= acpi_sony.4
_acpi_toshiba.4=acpi_toshiba.4
_acpi_wmi.4= acpi_wmi.4
_aesni.4= aesni.4
_aout.4= aout.4
_apic.4= apic.4
_atrtc.4= atrtc.4
_attimer.4= attimer.4
_aibs.4= aibs.4
_amdsbwd.4= amdsbwd.4
_amdsmb.4= amdsmb.4
_amdsmn.4= amdsmn.4
_amdtemp.4= amdtemp.4
_asmc.4= asmc.4
_atopcase.4= atopcase.4
_bxe.4= bxe.4
_bytgpio.4= bytgpio.4
_chvgpio.4= chvgpio.4
_coretemp.4= coretemp.4
_cpuctl.4= cpuctl.4
_dpms.4= dpms.4
_ftgpio.4= ftgpio.4
_ftwd.4= ftwd.4
_hn.4= hn.4
_hpt27xx.4= hpt27xx.4
_hptiop.4= hptiop.4
_hptmv.4= hptmv.4
_hptnr.4= hptnr.4
_hptrr.4= hptrr.4
_hv_kvp.4= hv_kvp.4
_hv_netvsc.4= hv_netvsc.4
_hv_storvsc.4= hv_storvsc.4
_hv_utils.4= hv_utils.4
_hv_vmbus.4= hv_vmbus.4
_hv_vss.4= hv_vss.4
_hwpstate_intel.4= hwpstate_intel.4
_i8254.4= i8254.4
_ichwd.4= ichwd.4
_if_bxe.4= if_bxe.4
_if_hn.4= if_hn.4
_if_nfe.4= if_nfe.4
_if_urtw.4= if_urtw.4
_if_wpi.4= if_wpi.4
_igc.4= igc.4
_imcsmb.4= imcsmb.4
_io.4= io.4
_itwd.4= itwd.4
_kvmclock.4= kvmclock.4
_mca.4= mca.4
_mgb.4= mgb.4
_nda.4= nda.4
_nfe.4= nfe.4
_nfsmb.4= nfsmb.4
_if_ntb.4= if_ntb.4
_ntb.4= ntb.4
_ntb_hw_amd.4= ntb_hw_amd.4
_ntb_hw_intel.4= ntb_hw_intel.4
_ntb_hw_plx.4= ntb_hw_plx.4
_ntb_transport.4=ntb_transport.4
_nvram.4= nvram.4
_pchtherm.4= pchtherm.4
_qat.4= qat.4
_qat_c2xxx.4= qat_c2xxx.4
_rr232x.4= rr232x.4
_speaker.4= speaker.4
_spkr.4= spkr.4
_superio.4= superio.4
_tpm.4= tpm.4
_urtw.4= urtw.4
_viawd.4= viawd.4
_vmci.4= vmci.4
_vmd.4= vmd.4
_wbwd.4= wbwd.4
_wdatwd.4= wdatwd.4
_wpi.4= wpi.4
_xen.4= xen.4
_xnb.4= xnb.4
.endif
.if ${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "amd64"
_ioat.4= ioat.4
_iwx.4= iwx.4
_nvdimm.4= nvdimm.4
_qlxge.4= qlxge.4
_qlxgb.4= qlxgb.4
_qlxgbe.4= qlxgbe.4
_qlnxe.4= qlnxe.4
_sfxge.4= sfxge.4
_smartpqi.4= smartpqi.4
_sume.4= sume.4
MLINKS+=iwx.4 if_iwx.4
MLINKS+=qlxge.4 if_qlxge.4
MLINKS+=qlxgb.4 if_qlxgb.4
MLINKS+=qlxgbe.4 if_qlxgbe.4
MLINKS+=qlnxe.4 if_qlnxe.4
MLINKS+=sfxge.4 if_sfxge.4
MLINKS+=sume.4 if_sume.4
.if ${MK_BHYVE} != "no"
_bhyve.4= bhyve.4
_vmm.4= vmm.4
.endif
.endif
.if ${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "i386"
_padlock.4= padlock.4
.endif
.if ${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "amd64" || ${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "aarch64"
_hwt.4= hwt.4
.if ${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "amd64"
MLINKS+=hwt.4 intel_pt.4
.endif
.if ${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "aarch64"
MLINKS+=hwt.4 coresight.4
MLINKS+=hwt.4 spe.4
.endif
.endif
.if ${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "amd64" || ${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "aarch64"
_ufshci.4= ufshci.4
.endif
.if ${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "amd64" || ${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "i386" || \
${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "aarch64"
_gve.4= gve.4
_if_vmx.4= if_vmx.4
_ipmi.4= ipmi.4
_linux.4= linux.4
_ossl.4= ossl.4
_pvscsi.4= pvscsi.4
_vmx.4= vmx.4
.endif
.if ${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "arm" || ${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "aarch64" || \
${MACHINE_CPUARCH} == "riscv"
_aw_gpio.4= aw_gpio.4
_aw_mmc.4= aw_mmc.4
_aw_rtc.4= aw_rtc.4
_aw_sid.4= aw_sid.4
_aw_spi.4= aw_spi.4
_aw_syscon.4= aw_syscon.4
_cgem.4= cgem.4
MLINKS+=cgem.4 if_cgem.4
.endif
.if empty(MAN_ARCH) || ${MAN_ARCH} == "all"
__arches= ${:!/bin/sh -c "/bin/ls -d ${.CURDIR}/man4.*"!:E}
.else
__arches= ${MAN_ARCH}
.endif
.for __arch in ${__arches:O:u}
.if exists(${.CURDIR}/man4.${__arch})
SUBDIR+= man4.${__arch}
.endif
.endfor
.if ${MK_AUTOFS} != "no"
MAN+= autofs.4
.endif
.if ${MK_BLUETOOTH} != "no"
MAN+= ng_bluetooth.4
.endif
.if ${MK_CCD} != "no"
_ccd.4= ccd.4
.endif
.if ${MK_CDDL} != "no"
_dtrace_provs= dtrace_audit.4 \
dtrace_callout_execute.4 \
dtrace_cam.4 \
dtrace_dtrace.4 \
dtrace_fbt.4 \
dtrace_io.4 \
dtrace_ip.4 \
dtrace_kinst.4 \
dtrace_lockstat.4 \
dtrace_pid.4 \
dtrace_priv.4 \
dtrace_proc.4 \
dtrace_profile.4 \
dtrace_sched.4 \
dtrace_sctp.4 \
+ dtrace_syscall.4 \
dtrace_tcp.4 \
dtrace_udp.4 \
dtrace_udplite.4 \
dtrace_vfs.4
MLINKS+= dtrace_audit.4 dtaudit.4
.endif
.if ${MK_EFI} != "no"
MAN+= efidev.4
MLINKS+= efidev.4 efirtc.4
.endif
.if ${MK_ISCSI} != "no"
MAN+= cfiscsi.4
MAN+= iscsi.4
MAN+= iser.4
.endif
.if ${MK_OFED} != "no"
MAN+= mlx4ib.4
MAN+= mlx5ib.4
.endif
.if ${MK_MLX5TOOL} != "no"
MAN+= mlx5io.4
.endif
.if ${MK_TESTS} != "no"
MANGROUPS+= ATF
ATFTOP= ${SRCTOP}/contrib/atf
.PATH: ${ATFTOP}/doc
ATF= atf-test-case.4
ATFPACKAGE= atf
.endif
.if ${MK_PF} != "no"
_pf.4= pf.4
_pflog.4= pflog.4
_pflow.4= pflow.4
_pfsync.4= pfsync.4
.endif
.if ${MK_USB} != "no"
MAN+= \
mtw.4 \
otus.4 \
otusfw.4 \
rsu.4 \
rsufw.4 \
rtwn_usb.4 \
rum.4 \
run.4 \
runfw.4 \
u3g.4 \
uark.4 \
uart.4 \
uath.4 \
ubsa.4 \
ubser.4 \
ubtbcmfw.4 \
uchcom.4 \
ucom.4 \
ucycom.4 \
udav.4 \
udbc.4 \
udbp.4 \
udl.4 \
uep.4 \
ufoma.4 \
uftdi.4 \
ugen.4 \
ugold.4 \
uhci.4 \
uhid.4 \
uhso.4 \
uipaq.4 \
ukbd.4 \
uled.4 \
ulpt.4 \
umass.4 \
umb.4 \
umcs.4 \
umct.4 \
umodem.4 \
umoscom.4 \
ums.4 \
unix.4 \
upgt.4 \
uplcom.4 \
ural.4 \
urio.4 \
urndis.4 \
${_urtw.4} \
usb.4 \
usb_quirk.4 \
usb_template.4 \
usbhid.4 \
usfs.4 \
uslcom.4 \
uvisor.4 \
uvscom.4 \
veriexec.4 \
zyd.4
MLINKS+=geom_zero.4 gzero.4
MLINKS+=mtw.4 if_mtw.4
MLINKS+=otus.4 if_otus.4
MLINKS+=rsu.4 if_rsu.4
MLINKS+=rtwn_usb.4 if_rtwn_usb.4
MLINKS+=rum.4 if_rum.4
MLINKS+=run.4 if_run.4
MLINKS+=u3g.4 u3gstub.4
MLINKS+=uath.4 if_uath.4
MLINKS+=udav.4 if_udav.4
MLINKS+=upgt.4 if_upgt.4
MLINKS+=ural.4 if_ural.4
MLINKS+=urndis.4 if_urndis.4
MLINKS+=${_urtw.4} ${_if_urtw.4}
MLINKS+=zyd.4 if_zyd.4
.endif
.include
diff --git a/share/man/man4/dtrace_syscall.4 b/share/man/man4/dtrace_syscall.4
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e154e4c6046b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/share/man/man4/dtrace_syscall.4
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2026 Mateusz Piotrowski <0mp@FreeBSD.org>
+.\"
+.Dd May 7, 2026
+.Dt DTRACE_SYSCALL 4
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm dtrace_syscall
+.Nd a DTrace provider for system calls
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm syscall Ns Cm \&: Ns Ar abi Ns Cm \&: Ns Ar syscall Ns Cm :entry
+.Nm syscall Ns Cm \&: Ns Ar abi Ns Cm \&: Ns Ar syscall Ns Cm :return
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Nm syscall
+provider provides entry and return probes for system calls.
+.Pp
+The module in the probe's description is
+.Ar abi ,
+which indicates what system call ABI a
+.Ar syscall
+belongs to.
+.Nm
+supports the following system call ABIs:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -offset indent -width freebsd32 -compact
+.It Cm freebsd
+Native ABI.
+.It Cm freebsd32
+Non-native, 32-bit ABI.
+.It Cm linux
+Refer to
+.Xr linux 4 .
+.It Cm linux32
+Refer to
+.Xr linux 4 .
+.El
+.Pp
+The arguments to the
+.Cm entry
+probes are the arguments passed to the system call.
+.Pp
+The
+.Cm return
+probe stores the system call's return value in both
+.Fa arg0
+and
+.Fa arg1 .
+.Pp
+Inspect the
+.Xr d 7 Ap s
+.Va errno
+variable to check if a system call failed.
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+.Ss Example 1 : Count Up System Calls
+The following script traces all system calls and counts them for every process
+on the system.
+.Bd -literal -offset 2n
+syscall:::entry {
+ @[execname, pid] = count();
+}
+.Ed
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr dtrace 1 ,
+.Xr intro 2 ,
+.Xr tracing 7
+.Rs
+.%B The illumos Dynamic Tracing Guide
+.%O Chapter syscall Provider
+.%D 2008
+.%U https://illumos.org/books/dtrace/chp-syscall.html
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A Brendan Gregg
+.%A Jim Mauro
+.%B DTrace: Dynamic Tracing in Oracle Solaris, Mac OS X and FreeBSD
+.%I Prentice Hall
+.%O Chapter Syscall Provider
+.%P pp. 315\(en327
+.%D 2011
+.%U https://www.brendangregg.com/dtracebook/
+.Re
+.Sh AUTHORS
+This manual page was written by
+.An Mateusz Piotrowski Aq Mt 0mp@FreeBSD.org .
diff --git a/share/man/man4/linux.4 b/share/man/man4/linux.4
index 711ac11e8fce..ec8342efe705 100644
--- a/share/man/man4/linux.4
+++ b/share/man/man4/linux.4
@@ -1,198 +1,199 @@
.\" Copyright (c) 2000 Sheldon Hearn
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
-.Dd May 19, 2024
+.Dd May 7, 2026
.Dt LINUX 4
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm linux
.Nd Linux ABI support
.Sh SYNOPSIS
To enable the Linux ABI at boot time, place the following line in
.Xr rc.conf 5 :
.Bd -literal -offset indent
linux_enable="YES"
.Ed
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
kernel module provides limited Linux ABI (application binary interface)
compatibility, making it possible to run many unmodified Linux applications
without the need for virtualization or emulation.
Some of the facilities provided are:
.Bl -bullet
.It
Linux to native system call translation
.It
Linux-specific system calls
.It
Special signal handling for Linux processes
.It
Path translation mechanism
.It
Linux-specific virtual file systems
.El
.Pp
The path translation mechanism makes Linux processes look up file paths
under
.Va emul_path
(defaulting to
.Pa /compat/linux )
before
.Pa / .
For example, when a Linux process attempts to open
.Pa /etc/passwd ,
it will first access
.Pa /compat/linux/etc/passwd ,
falling back to
.Pa /etc/passwd
if the compat path does not exist.
This is used to make sure Linux processes load Linux shared libraries
instead of their similarly-named FreeBSD counterparts, and also
to provide alternative versions of certain other files and virtual
file systems.
.Pp
To install Linux shared libraries and system files into
.Pa /compat/linux ,
either use the
.Pa emulators/linux_base-c7
port or package,
or
.Xr debootstrap 8
installed from
.Pa sysutils/debootstrap .
.Pp
To avoid mounting Linux-specific filesystems at startup, add the following
line to the
.Xr rc.conf 5
file:
.Pp
.Dl linux_mounts_enable="NO"
.Sh SYSCTL VARIABLES
The following variables are available as both
.Xr sysctl 8
variables and
.Xr loader 8
tunables:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Va compat.linux.debug
Enable debugging messages.
Set to 0 to silence them.
Defaults to 3.
A setting of 1 prints debug messages, tells about unimplemented stuff (only
once).
Set to 2 is like 1, but also prints messages about implemented but not tested
stuff (only once).
Setting it to 3 or higher is like 2, but no rate limiting of messages.
.It Va compat.linux.default_openfiles
Default soft openfiles resource limit for Linux applications.
Set to -1 to disable the limit.
Defaults to 1024.
.It Va compat.linux.emul_path
Path to the Linux run-time environment.
Defaults to
.Pa /compat/linux .
.It Va compat.linux.osname
Linux kernel operating system name.
Defaults to "Linux".
.It Va compat.linux.osrelease
Linux kernel operating system release.
Changing this to something else is discouraged on non-development systems,
because it may change the way Linux programs work.
Some versions of GNU libc are known to use different syscalls depending
on the value of this sysctl.
.It Va compat.linux.oss_version
Linux Open Sound System version.
Defaults to 198144.
.It Va compat.linux.preserve_vstatus
When set to 1, it prevents Linux applications from resetting the
.Xr termios 4
VSTATUS setting.
From a user perspective, this makes
.Va SIGINFO
work for Linux executables.
Defaults to 1.
.It Va compat.linux.setid_allowed
Enable handling of set-user-ID and set-group-ID mode bits for the new
process image file when image is to be executed under Linux ABI.
When set to 0, new Linux images always use credentials of the program
that issued the
.Xr execve 2
call, regardless of the image file mode.
This might be reasonable or even required, because
.Fx
does not emulate the Linux environment completely, and missed features
may result in security vulnerabilities.
Defaults to 1.
.It Va compat.linux32.emulate_i386
In the x86_64 (amd64) world enable the real i386 Linuxulator behavior.
For example, when set to 0, Linux uname -m will return "x86_64" even if
uname itself is a i386 Linux executable. When set to 1, Linux i386
uname -m will return "i686".
Defaults to 0.
.El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /compat/linux/dev/shm -compact
.It Pa /compat/linux
Linux run-time environment
.It Pa /compat/linux/dev
device file system, see
.Xr devfs 4
.It Pa /compat/linux/dev/fd
file descriptor file system mounted with the
.Cm linrdlnk
option, see
.Xr fdescfs 4
.It Pa /compat/linux/dev/mqueue
symbolic link to a mqueuefs mount, see
.Xr mqueuefs 4
.It Pa /compat/linux/dev/shm
in-memory file system, see
.Xr tmpfs 4
.It Pa /compat/linux/proc
Linux process file system, see
.Xr linprocfs 4
.It Pa /compat/linux/sys
Linux kernel objects file system, see
.Xr linsysfs 4
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr brandelf 1 ,
+.Xr dtrace_syscall 4 ,
.Xr fdescfs 4 ,
.Xr linprocfs 4 ,
.Xr linsysfs 4 ,
.Xr mqueuefs 4 ,
.Xr pty 4 ,
.Xr tmpfs 4 ,
.Xr elf 5
.Sh HISTORY
Linux ABI support first appeared for i386 in
.Fx 2.1 .
Support for amd64 binaries first appeared in
.Fx 10.3 .
Support for arm64 binaries first appeared in
.Fx 12.0 .
.Sh BUGS
Support for some of the Linux-specific system calls and system call arguments
is missing.