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documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc

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	trademarks: ["freebsd", "ibm", "ieee", "adobe", "intel", "linux", "microsoft", "opengroup", "sun", "netbsd", "general"]	trademarks: ["freebsd", "ibm", "ieee", "adobe", "intel", "linux", "microsoft", "opengroup", "sun", "netbsd", "general"]
	weight: 5	weight: 5
	tags: ["FAQ", "FreeBSD FAQ"]	tags: ["FAQ", "FreeBSD FAQ"]
		isIndex: true
	---	---

	= Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD {rel2-relx} and {rel-relx}	= Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD {rel2-relx} and {rel-relx}
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	:toc: macro	:toc: macro
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	:relfileprefix: ../
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	:sectnums:	:sectnums:
	:sectnumlevels: 6	:sectnumlevels: 6
	:partnums:	:partnums:
	:chapter-signifier: Chapter
	:part-signifier: Part
	:source-highlighter: rouge	:source-highlighter: rouge
	:experimental:	:experimental:
	:skip-front-matter:	:images-path: books/faq/
	:rel-numbranch: 4	:rel-numbranch: 4
	:rel-head: 14-CURRENT	:rel-head: 14-CURRENT
	:rel-head-relx: 14.X	:rel-head-relx: 14.X
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	:rel3-releng: stable/11/	:rel3-releng: stable/11/
	:rel3-relengdate: October 2016	:rel3-relengdate: October 2016

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	[.abstract-title]	[.abstract-title]
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	This is the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for FreeBSD versions {rel-relx}, {rel2-relx}, and {rel3-relx}.	This is the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for FreeBSD versions {rel-relx}, {rel2-relx}, and {rel3-relx}.
	Every effort has been made to make this FAQ as informative as possible; if you have any suggestions as to how it may be improved, send them to the {freebsd-doc}.	Every effort has been made to make this FAQ as informative as possible; if you have any suggestions as to how it may be improved, send them to the {freebsd-doc}.

	The latest version of this document is always available from the link:{faq}[FreeBSD website].	The latest version of this document is always available from the extref:{faq}[FreeBSD website].
	It may also be downloaded as one large link:.[HTML] file with HTTP or as a variety of other formats from the https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/doc/[FreeBSD FTP server].	It may also be downloaded as one large link:.[HTML] file with HTTP or as a variety of other formats from the https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/doc/[FreeBSD FTP server].

	'''	'''
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	FreeBSD is used by companies, Internet Service Providers, researchers, computer professionals, students and home users all over the world in their work, education and recreation.	FreeBSD is used by companies, Internet Service Providers, researchers, computer professionals, students and home users all over the world in their work, education and recreation.

	For more detailed information on FreeBSD, refer to the link:{handbook}[FreeBSD Handbook].	For more detailed information on FreeBSD, refer to the extref:{handbook}[FreeBSD Handbook].

	[[FreeBSD-goals]]	[[FreeBSD-goals]]
	=== What is the goal of the FreeBSD Project?	=== What is the goal of the FreeBSD Project?
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	Users migrating to FreeBSD from another UNIX(R)-like environment will find FreeBSD to be similar.	Users migrating to FreeBSD from another UNIX(R)-like environment will find FreeBSD to be similar.
	Windows(R) and Mac OS(R) users may be interested in instead using https://www.ghostbsd.org/[GhostBSD], https://www.midnightbsd.org/[MidnightBSD] or https://www.nomadbsd.org/[NomadBSD] three FreeBSD-based desktop distributions.	Windows(R) and Mac OS(R) users may be interested in instead using https://www.ghostbsd.org/[GhostBSD], https://www.midnightbsd.org/[MidnightBSD] or https://www.nomadbsd.org/[NomadBSD] three FreeBSD-based desktop distributions.
	Non-UNIX(R) users should expect to invest some additional time learning the UNIX(R) way of doing things.	Non-UNIX(R) users should expect to invest some additional time learning the UNIX(R) way of doing things.
	This FAQ and the link:{handbook}[FreeBSD Handbook] are excellent places to start.	This FAQ and the extref:{handbook}[FreeBSD Handbook] are excellent places to start.

	[[why-called-FreeBSD]]	[[why-called-FreeBSD]]
	=== Why is it called FreeBSD?	=== Why is it called FreeBSD?
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	[[current]]	[[current]]
	=== What is _FreeBSD-CURRENT_?	=== What is _FreeBSD-CURRENT_?

	link:{handbook}#current[FreeBSD-CURRENT] is the development version of the operating system, which will in due course become the new FreeBSD-STABLE branch.	extref:{handbook}[FreeBSD-CURRENT, current] is the development version of the operating system, which will in due course become the new FreeBSD-STABLE branch.
	As such, it is really only of interest to developers working on the system and die-hard hobbyists.	As such, it is really only of interest to developers working on the system and die-hard hobbyists.
	See the link:{handbook}#current[relevant section] in the link:{handbook}[Handbook] for details on running _-CURRENT_.	See the extref:{handbook}[relevant section, current] in the extref:{handbook}[Handbook] for details on running _-CURRENT_.

	Users not familiar with FreeBSD should not use FreeBSD-CURRENT.	Users not familiar with FreeBSD should not use FreeBSD-CURRENT.
	This branch sometimes evolves quite quickly and due to mistake can be un-buildable at times.	This branch sometimes evolves quite quickly and due to mistake can be un-buildable at times.
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	Users who do not have the resources to perform testing should instead run the most recent release of FreeBSD.	Users who do not have the resources to perform testing should instead run the most recent release of FreeBSD.
	_FreeBSD-CURRENT_, on the other hand, has been one unbroken line since 2.0 was released.	_FreeBSD-CURRENT_, on the other hand, has been one unbroken line since 2.0 was released.

	For more detailed information on branches see "link:{releng}#rel-branch[FreeBSD Release Engineering: Creating the Release Branch]",	For more detailed information on branches see "extref:{releng}[FreeBSD Release Engineering: Creating the Release Branch, rel-branch]",
	the status of the branches and the upcoming release schedule can be found on the https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng[Release Engineering Information] page.	the status of the branches and the upcoming release schedule can be found on the https://www.FreeBSD.org/releng[Release Engineering Information] page.

	Version https://download.FreeBSD.org/ftp/releases/amd64/amd64/{rel121-current}-RELEASE/[{rel121-current}] is the latest release from the {rel-stable} branch; it was released in {rel121-current-date}.	Version https://download.FreeBSD.org/ftp/releases/amd64/amd64/{rel121-current}-RELEASE/[{rel121-current}] is the latest release from the {rel-stable} branch; it was released in {rel121-current-date}.
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	The key decisions concerning the FreeBSD project, such as the overall direction of the project and who is allowed to add code to the source tree,	The key decisions concerning the FreeBSD project, such as the overall direction of the project and who is allowed to add code to the source tree,
	are made by a link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/administration#t-core[core team] of 9 people.	are made by a link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/administration#t-core[core team] of 9 people.
	There is a much larger team of more than 350 link:{contributors}#staff-committers[committers] who are authorized to make changes directly to the FreeBSD source tree.	There is a much larger team of more than 350 extref:{contributors}[committers, staff-committers] who are authorized to make changes directly to the FreeBSD source tree.

	However, most non-trivial changes are discussed in advance in the <<mailing,mailing lists>>,	However, most non-trivial changes are discussed in advance in the <<mailing,mailing lists>>,
	and there are no restrictions on who may take part in the discussion.	and there are no restrictions on who may take part in the discussion.
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	* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/snapshots/[Snapshot] releases are made monthly for the <<current,-CURRENT>> and <<stable,-STABLE>> branch, these being of service purely to bleeding-edge testers and developers.	* link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/snapshots/[Snapshot] releases are made monthly for the <<current,-CURRENT>> and <<stable,-STABLE>> branch, these being of service purely to bleeding-edge testers and developers.
	* The latest {rel2-stable} release, {rel113-current}-RELEASE can be found in the https://download.FreeBSD.org/ftp/releases/amd64/amd64/{rel113-current}-RELEASE/[{rel113-current}-RELEASE directory].	* The latest {rel2-stable} release, {rel113-current}-RELEASE can be found in the https://download.FreeBSD.org/ftp/releases/amd64/amd64/{rel113-current}-RELEASE/[{rel113-current}-RELEASE directory].

	Information about obtaining FreeBSD on CD, DVD, and other media can be found in link:{handbook}#mirrors/[the Handbook].	Information about obtaining FreeBSD on CD, DVD, and other media can be found in extref:{handbook}[the Handbook, mirrors].

	[[access-pr]]	[[access-pr]]
	=== How do I access the Problem Report database?	=== How do I access the Problem Report database?
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	The link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/support/bugreports[web-based problem report submission interface] can be used to submit problem reports through a web browser.	The link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/support/bugreports[web-based problem report submission interface] can be used to submit problem reports through a web browser.

	Before submitting a problem report, read link:{problem-reports}[Writing FreeBSD Problem Reports], an article on how to write good problem reports.	Before submitting a problem report, read extref:{problem-reports}[Writing FreeBSD Problem Reports], an article on how to write good problem reports.

	[[support]]	[[support]]
	== Documentation and Support	== Documentation and Support
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	[[mailing]]	[[mailing]]
	=== Where do I find info on the FreeBSD mailing lists? What FreeBSD news groups are available?	=== Where do I find info on the FreeBSD mailing lists? What FreeBSD news groups are available?

	Refer to the link:{handbook}#eresources-mail[Handbook entry on mailing-lists] and the link:{handbook}#eresources-news/[Handbook entry on newsgroups].	Refer to the extref:{handbook}[Handbook entry on mailing-lists, eresources-mail] and the extref:{handbook}[Handbook entry on newsgroups, eresources-news].

	[[irc]]	[[irc]]
	=== Are there FreeBSD IRC (Internet Relay Chat) channels?	=== Are there FreeBSD IRC (Internet Relay Chat) channels?
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	\|A minimal image that requires network access during installation to completely install FreeBSD.	\|A minimal image that requires network access during installation to completely install FreeBSD.
	\|===	\|===

	Full instructions on this procedure and a little bit more about installation issues in general can be found in the link:{handbook}#bsdinstall/[Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD].	Full instructions on this procedure and a little bit more about installation issues in general can be found in the extref:{handbook}[Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD, bsdinstall].

	[[floppy-image-too-large]]	[[floppy-image-too-large]]
	=== What do I do if the install image does not boot?	=== What do I do if the install image does not boot?
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	[[install-instructions-location]]	[[install-instructions-location]]
	=== Where are the instructions for installing FreeBSD?	=== Where are the instructions for installing FreeBSD?

	Installation instructions can be found at link:{handbook}#bsdinstall/[Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD].	Installation instructions can be found at extref:{handbook}[Handbook entry on installing FreeBSD, bsdinstall].

	[[custom-boot-floppy]]	[[custom-boot-floppy]]
	=== How can I make my own custom release or install disk?	=== How can I make my own custom release or install disk?

	Customized FreeBSD installation media can be created by building a custom release.	Customized FreeBSD installation media can be created by building a custom release.
	Follow the instructions in the link:{releng}[Release Engineering] article.	Follow the instructions in the extref:{releng}[Release Engineering] article.

	[[windows-coexist]]	[[windows-coexist]]
	=== Can Windows(R) co-exist with FreeBSD? (x86-specific)	=== Can Windows(R) co-exist with FreeBSD? (x86-specific)
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	FreeBSD divides support into multiple tiers.	FreeBSD divides support into multiple tiers.
	Tier 1 architectures, such as i386 or amd64; are fully supported.	Tier 1 architectures, such as i386 or amd64; are fully supported.
	Tiers 2 and 3 are supported on a best-effort basis.	Tiers 2 and 3 are supported on a best-effort basis.
	A full explanation of the tier system is available in the link:{committers-guide}#archs/[Committer's Guide.]	A full explanation of the tier system is available in the extref:{committers-guide}[Committer's Guide., archs]

	A complete list of supported architectures can be found on the https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/[platforms page.]	A complete list of supported architectures can be found on the https://www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/[platforms page.]

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	If the machine is heavily loaded, increase `kern.maxusers`.	If the machine is heavily loaded, increase `kern.maxusers`.
	This will increase these other system limits in addition to the maximum number of processes.	This will increase these other system limits in addition to the maximum number of processes.

	To adjust the `kern.maxusers` value, see the link:{handbook}#kern-maxfiles[File/Process Limits] section of the Handbook.	To adjust the `kern.maxusers` value, see the extref:{handbook}[File/Process Limits, kern-maxfiles] section of the Handbook.
	While that section refers to open files, the same limits apply to processes.	While that section refers to open files, the same limits apply to processes.

	If the machine is lightly loaded but running a very large number of processes, adjust the `kern.maxproc` tunable by defining it in [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#.	If the machine is lightly loaded but running a very large number of processes, adjust the `kern.maxproc` tunable by defining it in [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#.
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	=== Why does file: table is full show up repeatedly in man:dmesg[8]?	=== Why does file: table is full show up repeatedly in man:dmesg[8]?

	This error message indicates that the number of available file descriptors have been exhausted on the system.	This error message indicates that the number of available file descriptors have been exhausted on the system.
	Refer to the link:{handbook}#kern-maxfiles[kern.maxfiles] section of the link:{handbook}#configtuning-kernel-limits/[Tuning Kernel Limits] section of the Handbook for a discussion and solution.	Refer to the extref:{handbook}[kern.maxfiles, kern-maxfiles] section of the extref:{handbook}[Tuning Kernel Limits, configtuning-kernel-limits] section of the Handbook for a discussion and solution.

	[[computer-clock-skew]]	[[computer-clock-skew]]
	=== Why does the clock on my computer keep incorrect time?	=== Why does the clock on my computer keep incorrect time?
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	[[ports-4x]]	[[ports-4x]]
	=== Why can I not build this port on my {rel2-relx} -, or {rel-relx} -STABLE machine?	=== Why can I not build this port on my {rel2-relx} -, or {rel-relx} -STABLE machine?

	If the installed FreeBSD version lags significantly behind _-CURRENT_ or _-STABLE_, update the Ports Collection using the instructions in link:{handbook}#ports-using/[Using the Ports Collection].	If the installed FreeBSD version lags significantly behind _-CURRENT_ or _-STABLE_, update the Ports Collection using the instructions in extref:{handbook}[Using the Ports Collection, ports-using].
	If the system is up-to-date, someone might have committed a change to the port which works for _-CURRENT_ but which broke the port for _-STABLE_.	If the system is up-to-date, someone might have committed a change to the port which works for _-CURRENT_ but which broke the port for _-STABLE_.
	https://bugs.FreeBSD.org/submit/[Submit] a bug report, since the Ports Collection is supposed to work for both the _-CURRENT_ and _-STABLE_ branches.	https://bugs.FreeBSD.org/submit/[Submit] a bug report, since the Ports Collection is supposed to work for both the _-CURRENT_ and _-STABLE_ branches.

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	=== I updated the sources, now how do I update my installed ports?	=== I updated the sources, now how do I update my installed ports?

	FreeBSD does not include a port upgrading tool, but it does have some tools to make the upgrade process somewhat easier.	FreeBSD does not include a port upgrading tool, but it does have some tools to make the upgrade process somewhat easier.
	Additional tools are available to simplify port handling and are described the link:{handbook}#ports-using/[Upgrading Ports] section in the FreeBSD Handbook.	Additional tools are available to simplify port handling and are described the extref:{handbook}[Upgrading Ports, ports-using] section in the FreeBSD Handbook.

	[[ports-major-upgrade]]	[[ports-major-upgrade]]
	=== Do I need to recompile every port each time I perform a major version update?	=== Do I need to recompile every port each time I perform a major version update?
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	When the system is upgraded, various shared libraries, loadable modules, and other parts of the system will be replaced with newer versions.	When the system is upgraded, various shared libraries, loadable modules, and other parts of the system will be replaced with newer versions.
	Applications linked against the older versions may fail to start or, in other cases, fail to function properly.	Applications linked against the older versions may fail to start or, in other cases, fail to function properly.

	For more information, see link:{handbook}#freebsdupdate-upgrade[the section on upgrades] in the FreeBSD Handbook.	For more information, see extref:{handbook}[the section on upgrades, freebsdupdate-upgrade] in the FreeBSD Handbook.

	[[ports-minor-upgrade]]	[[ports-minor-upgrade]]
	=== Do I need to recompile every port each time I perform a minor version update?	=== Do I need to recompile every port each time I perform a minor version update?
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	[[make-kernel]]	[[make-kernel]]
	=== I would like to customize my kernel. Is it difficult?	=== I would like to customize my kernel. Is it difficult?

	Not at all! Check out the link:{handbook}#kernelconfig/[kernel config section of the Handbook].	Not at all! Check out the extref:{handbook}[kernel config section of the Handbook, kernelconfig].

	[NOTE]	[NOTE]
	====	====
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	Unneeded devices can be removed from the kernel to further reduce the size.	Unneeded devices can be removed from the kernel to further reduce the size.
	See <<make-kernel>> for more information.	See <<make-kernel>> for more information.

	To put any of these options into effect, follow the instructions to link:{handbook}#kernelconfig-building/[build and install] the new kernel.	To put any of these options into effect, follow the instructions to extref:{handbook}[build and install, kernelconfig-building] the new kernel.

	For reference, the FreeBSD 11 amd64 kernel ([.filename]#/boot/kernel/kernel#) is approximately 25 MB.	For reference, the FreeBSD 11 amd64 kernel ([.filename]#/boot/kernel/kernel#) is approximately 25 MB.

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	[[adding-disks]]	[[adding-disks]]
	=== How can I add my new hard disk to my FreeBSD system?	=== How can I add my new hard disk to my FreeBSD system?

	See the link:{handbook}#disks-adding/[Adding Disks] section in the FreeBSD Handbook.	See the extref:{handbook}[Adding Disks, disks-adding] section in the FreeBSD Handbook.

	[[new-huge-disk]]	[[new-huge-disk]]
	=== How do I move my system over to my huge new disk?	=== How do I move my system over to my huge new disk?
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	=== Is there a cryptographic file system for FreeBSD?	=== Is there a cryptographic file system for FreeBSD?

	Yes, man:gbde[8] and man:geli[8].	Yes, man:gbde[8] and man:geli[8].
	See the link:{handbook}#disks-encrypting/[Encrypting Disk Partitions] section of the FreeBSD Handbook.	See the extref:{handbook}[Encrypting Disk Partitions, disks-encrypting] section of the FreeBSD Handbook.

	[[grub-loader]]	[[grub-loader]]
	=== How do I boot FreeBSD and Linux(R) using GRUB?	=== How do I boot FreeBSD and Linux(R) using GRUB?
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	=== Why do I get Incorrect super block when mounting a CD?	=== Why do I get Incorrect super block when mounting a CD?

	The type of device to mount must be specified.	The type of device to mount must be specified.
	This is described in the Handbook section on link:{handbook}#mounting-cd[Using Data CDs].	This is described in the Handbook section on extref:{handbook}[Using Data CDs, mounting-cd].

	[[cdrom-not-configured]]	[[cdrom-not-configured]]
	=== Why do I get Device not configured when mounting a CD?	=== Why do I get Device not configured when mounting a CD?

	This generally means that there is no CD in the drive, or the drive is not visible on the bus.	This generally means that there is no CD in the drive, or the drive is not visible on the bus.
	Refer to the link:{handbook}#mounting-cd[Using Data CDs] section of the Handbook for a detailed discussion of this issue.	Refer to the extref:{handbook}[Using Data CDs, mounting-cd] section of the Handbook for a detailed discussion of this issue.

	[[cdrom-unicode-filenames]]	[[cdrom-unicode-filenames]]
	=== Why do all non-English characters in filenames show up as ? on my CDs when mounted in FreeBSD?	=== Why do all non-English characters in filenames show up as ? on my CDs when mounted in FreeBSD?

	The CD probably uses the "Joliet" extension for storing information about files and directories.	The CD probably uses the "Joliet" extension for storing information about files and directories.
	This is discussed in the Handbook section on link:{handbook}#mounting-cd[Using Data CD-ROMs].	This is discussed in the Handbook section on extref:{handbook}[Using Data CD-ROMs, mounting-cd].

	[[burncd-isofs]]	[[burncd-isofs]]
	=== A CD burned under FreeBSD cannot be read under any other operating system. Why?	=== A CD burned under FreeBSD cannot be read under any other operating system. Why?

	This means a raw file was burned to the CD, rather than creating an ISO 9660 file system.	This means a raw file was burned to the CD, rather than creating an ISO 9660 file system.
	Take a look at the Handbook section on link:{handbook}#mounting-cd[Using Data CDs].	Take a look at the Handbook section on extref:{handbook}[Using Data CDs].

	[[copy-cd]]	[[copy-cd]]
	=== How can I create an image of a data CD?	=== How can I create an image of a data CD?

	This is discussed in the Handbook section on link:{handbook}#mkisofs[Writing Data to an ISO File System].	This is discussed in the Handbook section on extref:{handbook}[Writing Data to an ISO File System, mkisofs].
	For more on working with CD-ROMs, see the link:{handbook}#creating-cds/[Creating CDs Section] in the Storage chapter in the Handbook.	For more on working with CD-ROMs, see the extref:{handbook}[Creating CDs Section, creating-cds] in the Storage chapter in the Handbook.

	[[mount-audio-CD]]	[[mount-audio-CD]]
	=== Why can I not mount an audio CD?	=== Why can I not mount an audio CD?
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	[[add-swap-space]]	[[add-swap-space]]
	=== How can I add more swap space?	=== How can I add more swap space?

	This section link:{handbook}#adding-swap-space/[of the Handbook] describes how to do this.	This section extref:{handbook}[of the Handbook, adding-swap-space] describes how to do this.

	[[manufacturer-disk-size]]	[[manufacturer-disk-size]]
	=== Why does FreeBSD see my disk as smaller than the manufacturer says it is?	=== Why does FreeBSD see my disk as smaller than the manufacturer says it is?
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	[[printer-setup]]	[[printer-setup]]
	=== Why am I having trouble setting up my printer?	=== Why am I having trouble setting up my printer?

	See the link:{handbook}#printing/[Handbook entry on printing] for troubleshooting tips.	See the extref:{handbook}[Handbook entry on printing, printing] for troubleshooting tips.

	[[keyboard-mappings]]	[[keyboard-mappings]]
	=== How can I correct the keyboard mappings for my system?	=== How can I correct the keyboard mappings for my system?

	Refer to the Handbook section on link:{handbook}#using-localization/[using localization],	Refer to the Handbook section on extref:{handbook}[using localization, using-localization],
	specifically the section on link:{handbook}#setting-console[console setup].	specifically the section on extref:{handbook}[console setup, setting-console].

	[[user-quotas]]	[[user-quotas]]
	=== Why can I not get user quotas to work properly?	=== Why can I not get user quotas to work properly?
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	options QUOTA	options QUOTA
	....	....
	+	+
	Refer to the link:{handbook}#quotas/[Handbook entry on quotas] for full details.	Refer to the extref:{handbook}[Handbook entry on quotas, quotas] for full details.
	. Do not turn on quotas on [.filename]#/#.	. Do not turn on quotas on [.filename]#/#.
	. Put the quota file on the file system that the quotas are to be enforced on:	. Put the quota file on the file system that the quotas are to be enforced on:
	+	+
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	====	====
	If the root partition cannot be mounted from single-user mode,	If the root partition cannot be mounted from single-user mode,
	it is possible that the partitions are encrypted and it is impossible to mount them without the access keys.	it is possible that the partitions are encrypted and it is impossible to mount them without the access keys.
	For more information see the section about encrypted disks in the FreeBSD link:{handbook}#disks-encrypting/[Handbook].	For more information see the section about encrypted disks in the FreeBSD extref:{handbook}[Handbook, disks-encrypting].
	====	====

	[[CAD-reboot]]	[[CAD-reboot]]
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	Once in the RC stage, only the most critical bugs found can be fixed.	Once in the RC stage, only the most critical bugs found can be fixed.
	Once the release (6.3-RELEASE in this example) and release branch have been made, the branch will be renamed to 6.3-STABLE.	Once the release (6.3-RELEASE in this example) and release branch have been made, the branch will be renamed to 6.3-STABLE.

	For more information on version numbers and the various Subversion branches, refer to the link:{releng}[Release Engineering] article.	For more information on version numbers and the various Subversion branches, refer to the extref:{releng}[Release Engineering] article.

	[[kernel-chflag-failure]]	[[kernel-chflag-failure]]
	=== I tried to install a new kernel, and the man:chflags[1] failed. How do I get around this?	=== I tried to install a new kernel, and the man:chflags[1] failed. How do I get around this?
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	# pkg install xorg	# pkg install xorg
	....	....

	After the installation of Xorg, follow the instructions from the link:{handbook}#x-config/[X11 Configuration] section of the FreeBSD Handbook.	After the installation of Xorg, follow the instructions from the extref:{handbook}[X11 Configuration, x-config] section of the FreeBSD Handbook.

	[[running-X-securelevels]]	[[running-X-securelevels]]
	=== I tried to run X, but I get a No devices detected. error when I type startx. What do I do now?	=== I tried to run X, but I get a No devices detected. error when I type startx. What do I do now?
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	[[install-splash]]	[[install-splash]]
	=== How do I install a splash screen and where do I find them?	=== How do I install a splash screen and where do I find them?

	The detailed answer for this question can be found in the link:{handbook}#boot-splash/[Boot Time Splash Screens] section of the FreeBSD Handbook.	The detailed answer for this question can be found in the extref:{handbook}[Boot Time Splash Screens, boot-splash] section of the FreeBSD Handbook.

	[[windows-keys]]	[[windows-keys]]
	=== Can I use the kbd:[Windows] keys on my keyboard in X?	=== Can I use the kbd:[Windows] keys on my keyboard in X?
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	=== Where can I get information on diskless booting?	=== Where can I get information on diskless booting?

	"Diskless booting" means that the FreeBSD box is booted over a network, and reads the necessary files from a server instead of its hard disk.	"Diskless booting" means that the FreeBSD box is booted over a network, and reads the necessary files from a server instead of its hard disk.
	For full details, see link:{handbook}#network-diskless/[the Handbook entry on diskless booting].	For full details, see extref:{handbook}[the Handbook entry on diskless booting, network-diskless].

	[[router]]	[[router]]
	=== Can a FreeBSD box be used as a dedicated network router?	=== Can a FreeBSD box be used as a dedicated network router?

	Yes. Refer to the Handbook entry on link:{handbook}#advanced-networking/[advanced networking],	Yes. Refer to the Handbook entry on extref:{handbook}[advanced networking, advanced-networking],
	specifically the section on link:{handbook}#network-routing/[routing and gateways].	specifically the section on extref:{handbook}[routing and gateways, network-routing].

	[[natd]]	[[natd]]
	=== Does FreeBSD support NAT or Masquerading?	=== Does FreeBSD support NAT or Masquerading?

	Yes. For instructions on how to use NAT over a PPP connection, see the link:{handbook}#userppp/[Handbook entry on PPP].	Yes. For instructions on how to use NAT over a PPP connection, see the extref:{handbook}[Handbook entry on PPP, userppp].
	To use NAT over some other sort of network connection, look at the link:{handbook}#network-natd[natd] section of the Handbook.	To use NAT over some other sort of network connection, look at the extref:{handbook}[natd, network-natd] section of the Handbook.

	[[ethernet-aliases]]	[[ethernet-aliases]]
	=== How can I set up Ethernet aliases?	=== How can I set up Ethernet aliases?
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	# ifconfig ed0 alias 172.16.141.5 netmask 0xffffff00	# ifconfig ed0 alias 172.16.141.5 netmask 0xffffff00
	....	....

	More information can be found in the FreeBSD link:{handbook}#configtuning-virtual-hosts/[Handbook].	More information can be found in the FreeBSD extref:{handbook}[Handbook, configtuning-virtual-hosts].

	[[nfs-linux]]	[[nfs-linux]]
	=== Why can I not NFS-mount from a Linux(R) box?	=== Why can I not NFS-mount from a Linux(R) box?
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	=== Why does mountd keep telling me it can't change attributes and that I have a bad exports list on my FreeBSD NFS server?	=== Why does mountd keep telling me it can't change attributes and that I have a bad exports list on my FreeBSD NFS server?

	The most frequent problem is not understanding the correct format of [.filename]#/etc/exports#.	The most frequent problem is not understanding the correct format of [.filename]#/etc/exports#.
	Review man:exports[5] and the link:{handbook}#network-nfs/[NFS] entry in the Handbook,	Review man:exports[5] and the extref:{handbook}[NFS, network-nfs] entry in the Handbook,
	especially the section on link:{handbook}#configuring-nfs[configuring NFS].	especially the section on extref:{handbook}[configuring NFS, configuring-nfs].

	[[ip-multicast]]	[[ip-multicast]]
	=== How do I enable IP multicast support?	=== How do I enable IP multicast support?
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	[[fqdn-hosts]]	[[fqdn-hosts]]
	=== Why do I have to use the FQDN for hosts on my site?	=== Why do I have to use the FQDN for hosts on my site?

	See the answer in the FreeBSD link:{handbook}#mail-trouble/[Handbook].	See the answer in the FreeBSD extref:{handbook}[Handbook, mail-trouble].

	[[network-permission-denied]]	[[network-permission-denied]]
	=== Why do I get an error, Permission denied, for all networking operations?	=== Why do I get an error, Permission denied, for all networking operations?
Context not available.

	Consider setting `firewall_type="open"` in [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#.	Consider setting `firewall_type="open"` in [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#.

	For further information on configuring this firewall, see the link:{handbook}#firewalls-ipfw/[Handbook chapter].	For further information on configuring this firewall, see the extref:{handbook}[Handbook chapter, firewalls-ipfw].

	[[ipfw-fwd]]	[[ipfw-fwd]]
	=== Why is my `ipfw` “fwd” rule to redirect a service to another machine not working?	=== Why is my `ipfw` “fwd” rule to redirect a service to another machine not working?
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	[[serial-console-prompt]]	[[serial-console-prompt]]
	=== How do I get the boot: prompt to show on the serial console?	=== How do I get the boot: prompt to show on the serial console?

	See link:{handbook}#serialconsole-setup/[this section of the Handbook].	See extref:{handbook}[this section of the Handbook, serialconsole-setup].

	[[found-serial]]	[[found-serial]]
	=== How do I tell if FreeBSD found my serial ports or modem cards?	=== How do I tell if FreeBSD found my serial ports or modem cards?
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	[[default-serial-params]]	[[default-serial-params]]
	=== Can I set the default serial parameters for a port?	=== Can I set the default serial parameters for a port?

	See the link:{handbook}#serial/#serial-hw-config[Serial Communications] section in the FreeBSD Handbook.	See the extref:{handbook}serialcomms[Serial Communications, serial-hw-config] section in the FreeBSD Handbook.

	[[cannot-tip]]	[[cannot-tip]]
	=== Why can I not run tip or cu?	=== Why can I not run tip or cu?
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	[[translation]]	[[translation]]
	=== What do I need to do to translate a FreeBSD document into my native language?	=== What do I need to do to translate a FreeBSD document into my native language?

	See the link:{fdp-primer}#translations/[Translation FAQ] in the FreeBSD Documentation Project Primer.	See the extref:{fdp-primer}[Translation FAQ, translations] in the FreeBSD Documentation Project Primer.

	[[freebsd-mail-bounces]]	[[freebsd-mail-bounces]]
	=== Why does my email to any address at FreeBSD.org bounce?	=== Why does my email to any address at FreeBSD.org bounce?
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	[[glossary]]	[[glossary]]
	=== I have seen an acronym or other term on the mailing lists and I do not understand what it means. Where should I look?	=== I have seen an acronym or other term on the mailing lists and I do not understand what it means. Where should I look?

	Refer to the link:{handbook}#freebsd-glossary/[FreeBSD Glossary].	Refer to the extref:{handbook}[FreeBSD Glossary, freebsd-glossary].

	[[bikeshed-painting]]	[[bikeshed-painting]]
	=== Why should I care what color the bikeshed is?	=== Why should I care what color the bikeshed is?
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	[[learn-advanced]]	[[learn-advanced]]
	=== How can I learn more about FreeBSD's internals?	=== How can I learn more about FreeBSD's internals?

	See the link:{arch-handbook}[FreeBSD Architecture Handbook].	See the extref:{arch-handbook}[FreeBSD Architecture Handbook].

	Additionally, much general UNIX(R) knowledge is directly applicable to FreeBSD.	Additionally, much general UNIX(R) knowledge is directly applicable to FreeBSD.

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	=== How can I contribute to FreeBSD? What can I do to help?	=== How can I contribute to FreeBSD? What can I do to help?

	We accept all types of contributions: documentation, code, and even art.	We accept all types of contributions: documentation, code, and even art.
	See the article on link:{contributing}[Contributing to FreeBSD] for specific advice on how to do this.	See the article on extref:{contributing}[Contributing to FreeBSD] for specific advice on how to do this.

	And thanks for the thought!	And thanks for the thought!

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	This innocent little Frequently Asked Questions document has been written, rewritten, edited, folded, spindled, mutilated, eviscerated, contemplated, discombobulated, cogitated, regurgitated, rebuilt, castigated, and reinvigorated over the last decade, by a cast of hundreds if not thousands. Repeatedly.	This innocent little Frequently Asked Questions document has been written, rewritten, edited, folded, spindled, mutilated, eviscerated, contemplated, discombobulated, cogitated, regurgitated, rebuilt, castigated, and reinvigorated over the last decade, by a cast of hundreds if not thousands. Repeatedly.

	We wish to thank every one of the people responsible, and we encourage you to link:{contributing}[join them] in making this FAQ even better.	We wish to thank every one of the people responsible, and we encourage you to extref:{contributing}[join them] in making this FAQ even better.
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