Differential D25186 Diff 73391 head/usr.bin/join/join.1

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	.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT			.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
	.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY			.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
	.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF			.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
	.\" SUCH DAMAGE.			.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
	.\"			.\"
	.\" @(#)join.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/28/95			.\" @(#)join.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/28/95
	.\" $FreeBSD$			.\" $FreeBSD$
	.\"			.\"
	.Dd July 5, 2004			.Dd June 20, 2020
	.Dt JOIN 1			.Dt JOIN 1
	.Os			.Os
	.Sh NAME			.Sh NAME
	.Nm join			.Nm join
	.Nd relational database operator			.Nd relational database operator
	.Sh SYNOPSIS			.Sh SYNOPSIS
	.Nm			.Nm
	.Oo			.Oo
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	.Ar file1			.Ar file1
	or			or
	.Ar file2			.Ar file2
	is			is
	.Sq Fl ,			.Sq Fl ,
	the standard input is used.			the standard input is used.
	.Sh EXIT STATUS			.Sh EXIT STATUS
	.Ex -std			.Ex -std
				.Sh EXAMPLES
				Assuming a file named
				.Pa nobel_laureates.txt
				with information about some of the first Nobel Peace Prize laureates:
				.Bd -literal -offset indent
				1901,Jean Henri Dunant,M
				1901,Frederic Passy,M
				1902,Elie Ducommun,M
				1905,Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita Von Suttner,F
				1910,Permanent International Peace Bureau,
				.Ed
				.Pp
				and a second file
				.Pa nobel_nationalities.txt
				with their nationalities:
				.Bd -literal -offset indent
				Jean Henri Dunant,Switzerland
				Frederic Passy,France
				Elie Ducommun,Switzerland
				Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita Von Suttner
				.Ed
				.Pp
				Join the two files using the second column from first file and the default first
				column from second file specifying a custom field delimiter:
				.Bd -literal -offset indent
				$ join -t, -1 2 nobel_laureates.txt nobel_nationalities.txt
				Jean Henri Dunant,1901,M,Switzerland
				Frederic Passy,1901,M,France
				Elie Ducommun,1902,M,Switzerland
				Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita Von Suttner,1905,F
				.Ed
				.Pp
				Show only the year and the nationality of the laureate using
				.Ql <<NULL>>
				to replace empty fields:
				.Bd -literal -offset indent
				$ join -e "<<NULL>>" -t, -1 2 -o "1.1 2.2" nobel_laureates.txt nobel_nationalities.txt
				1901,Switzerland
				1901,France
				1902,Switzerland
				1905,<<NULL>>
				.Ed
				.Pp
				Show only lines from first file which do not have a match in second file:
				.Bd -literal -offset indent
				$ join -v1 -t, -1 2 nobel_laureates.txt nobel_nationalities.txt
				Permanent International Peace Bureau,1910,
				.Ed
				.Pp
				Assuming a file named
				.Pa capitals.txt
				with the following content:
				.Bd -literal -offset indent
				Belgium,Brussels
				France,Paris
				Italy,Rome
				Switzerland
				.Ed
				.Pp
				Show the name and capital of the country where the laureate was born.
				This example uses
				.Pa nobel_nationalities.txt
				as a bridge but does not show any information from that file.
				Also see the note about
				.Xr sort 1
				above to understand why we need to sort the intermediate result.
				.Bd -literal -offset indent
				$ join -t, -1 2 -o 1.2 2.2 nobel_laureates.txt nobel_nationalities.txt \| \e
				sort -k2 -t, \| join -t, -e "<<NULL>>" -1 2 -o 1.1 2.2 - capitals.txt
				Elie Ducommun,<<NULL>>
				Jean Henri Dunant,<<NULL>>
				.Ed
	.Sh COMPATIBILITY			.Sh COMPATIBILITY
	For compatibility with historic versions of			For compatibility with historic versions of
	.Nm ,			.Nm ,
	the following options are available:			the following options are available:
	.Bl -tag -width indent			.Bl -tag -width indent
	.It Fl a			.It Fl a
	In addition to the default output, produce a line for each unpairable line			In addition to the default output, produce a line for each unpairable line
	in both			in both
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