Differential D14022 Diff 44522 usr.sbin/bhyve/pci_nvme.c

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usr.sbin/bhyve/pci_nvme.c

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				/*-
				* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
				*
				emasteUnsubmitted Done Inline Actions Would you kindly add a `SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD` license tag in the committed version? emaste: Would you kindly add a `SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD` license tag in the…
				* Copyright (c) 2017 Shunsuke Mie
				* Copyright (c) 2018 Leon Dang
				* All rights reserved.
				impUnsubmitted Done Inline Actions Not a big deal, but you might want to poll Shunsuke and Leon to see if we can drop this. imp: Not a big deal, but you might want to poll Shunsuke and Leon to see if we can drop this.
				araujoAuthorUnsubmitted Done Inline Actions I'm 100% sure they won't mind remove that. I will ping them. araujo: I'm 100% sure they won't mind remove that. I will ping them.
				*
				* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
				* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
				* are met:
				* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
				* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
				* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
				* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
				* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
				*
				* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
				* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
				* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
				* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
				* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
				* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
				* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
				* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
				* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
				* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
				* SUCH DAMAGE.
				*/

				/*
				* bhyve PCIe-NVMe device emulation.
				*
				* options:
				* -s <n>,nvme,devpath,maxq=#,qsz=#,ioslots=#,sectsz=#,ser=A-Z
				*
				* accepted devpath:
				* /dev/blockdev
				* /path/to/image
				* ram=size_in_MB
				*
				* maxq = max number of queues
				* qsz = max elements in each queue
				* ioslots = max number of concurrent io requests
				* sectsz = sector size (defaults to blockif sector size)
				* ser = serial number (20-chars max)
				*
				*/

				/* TODO:
				- create async event for smart and log
				- intr coalesce
				*/

				#include <sys/cdefs.h>
				__FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");

				#include <sys/types.h>

				#include <assert.h>
				#include <pthread.h>
				#include <semaphore.h>
				#include <stdbool.h>
				#include <stddef.h>
				#include <stdint.h>
				rgrimesUnsubmitted Done Inline Actions style(9) this goes at the top of the list, kernel include files come first. rgrimes: style(9) this goes at the top of the list, kernel include files come first.
				#include <stdio.h>
				#include <stdlib.h>
				#include <string.h>

				#include <machine/atomic.h>
				#include <machine/vmm.h>
				#include <vmmapi.h>

				#include <dev/nvme/nvme.h>

				#include "bhyverun.h"
				#include "block_if.h"
				#include "pci_emul.h"


				static int nvme_debug = 0;
				#define DPRINTF(params) if (nvme_debug) printf params
				#define WPRINTF(params) printf params

				/* defaults; can be overridden */
				#define NVME_MSIX_BAR 4

				#define NVME_IOSLOTS 8

				#define NVME_QUEUES 16
				#define NVME_MAX_QENTRIES 2048

				#define NVME_PRP2_ITEMS (PAGE_SIZE/sizeof(uint64_t))
				#define NVME_MAX_BLOCKIOVS 512

				/* helpers */

				#define NVME_DOORBELL_OFFSET offsetof(struct nvme_registers, doorbell)

				enum nvme_controller_register_offsets {
				NVME_CR_CAP_LOW = 0x00,
				NVME_CR_CAP_HI = 0x04,
				NVME_CR_VS = 0x08,
				NVME_CR_INTMS = 0x0c,
				NVME_CR_INTMC = 0x10,
				NVME_CR_CC = 0x14,
				NVME_CR_CSTS = 0x1c,
				NVME_CR_NSSR = 0x20,
				NVME_CR_AQA = 0x24,
				NVME_CR_ASQ_LOW = 0x28,
				NVME_CR_ASQ_HI = 0x2c,
				NVME_CR_ACQ_LOW = 0x30,
				NVME_CR_ACQ_HI = 0x34,
				};

				enum nvme_cmd_cdw11 {
				NVME_CMD_CDW11_PC = 0x0001,
				NVME_CMD_CDW11_IEN = 0x0002,
				NVME_CMD_CDW11_IV = 0xFFFF0000,
				};

				#define NVME_CMD_GET_OPC(opc) \
				((opc) >> NVME_CMD_OPC_SHIFT & NVME_CMD_OPC_MASK)

				#define NVME_CQ_INTEN 0x01
				#define NVME_CQ_INTCOAL 0x02

				struct nvme_completion_queue {
				struct nvme_completion *qbase;
				uint32_t size;
				uint16_t tail; /* nvme progress */
				uint16_t head; /* guest progress */
				uint16_t intr_vec;
				uint32_t intr_en;
				pthread_mutex_t mtx;
				};

				struct nvme_submission_queue {
				struct nvme_command *qbase;
				uint32_t size;
				uint16_t head; /* nvme progress */
				uint16_t tail; /* guest progress */
				uint16_t cqid; /* completion queue id */
				int busy; /* queue is being processed */
				int qpriority;
				};

				enum nvme_storage_type {
				NVME_STOR_BLOCKIF = 0,
				NVME_STOR_RAM = 1,
				};

				struct pci_nvme_blockstore {
				enum nvme_storage_type type;
				void *ctx;
				uint64_t size;
				uint32_t sectsz;
				uint32_t sectsz_bits;
				};

				struct pci_nvme_ioreq {
				struct pci_nvme_softc *sc;
				struct pci_nvme_ioreq *next;
				struct nvme_submission_queue *nvme_sq;
				uint16_t sqid;

				/* command information */
				uint16_t opc;
				uint16_t cid;
				uint32_t nsid;

				uint64_t prev_gpaddr;
				size_t prev_size;

				/*
				* lock if all iovs consumed (big IO);
				* complete transaction before continuing
				*/
				pthread_mutex_t mtx;
				pthread_cond_t cv;

				struct blockif_req io_req;

				/* pad to fit up to 512 page descriptors from guest IO request */
				struct iovec iovpadding[NVME_MAX_BLOCKIOVS-BLOCKIF_IOV_MAX];
				};

				struct pci_nvme_softc {
				struct pci_devinst *nsc_pi;

				pthread_mutex_t mtx;

				struct nvme_registers regs;

				struct nvme_namespace_data nsdata;
				struct nvme_controller_data ctrldata;

				struct pci_nvme_blockstore nvstore;

				uint16_t max_qentries; /* max entries per queue */
				uint32_t max_queues;
				uint32_t num_cqueues;
				uint32_t num_squeues;

				struct pci_nvme_ioreq *ioreqs;
				struct pci_nvme_ioreq ioreqs_free; / free list of ioreqs */
				uint32_t pending_ios;
				uint32_t ioslots;
				sem_t iosemlock;

				/* status and guest memory mapped queues */
				struct nvme_completion_queue *compl_queues;
				struct nvme_submission_queue *submit_queues;

				/* controller features */
				uint32_t intr_coales_aggr_time; /* 0x08: uS to delay intr */
				uint32_t intr_coales_aggr_thresh; /* 0x08: compl-Q entries */
				uint32_t async_ev_config; /* 0x0B: async event config */
				};


				static void pci_nvme_io_partial(struct blockif_req *br, int err);

				/* Controller Configuration utils */
				#define NVME_CC_GET_EN(cc) \
				((cc) >> NVME_CC_REG_EN_SHIFT & NVME_CC_REG_EN_MASK)
				#define NVME_CC_GET_CSS(cc) \
				((cc) >> NVME_CC_REG_CSS_SHIFT & NVME_CC_REG_CSS_MASK)
				#define NVME_CC_GET_SHN(cc) \
				((cc) >> NVME_CC_REG_SHN_SHIFT & NVME_CC_REG_SHN_MASK)
				rpokalaUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Shouldn't the rest of the serial number be filled in with a uniquifier? rpokala: Shouldn't the rest of the serial number be filled in with a uniquifier?
				#define NVME_CC_GET_IOSQES(cc) \
				((cc) >> NVME_CC_REG_IOSQES_SHIFT & NVME_CC_REG_IOSQES_MASK)
				#define NVME_CC_GET_IOCQES(cc) \
				((cc) >> NVME_CC_REG_IOCQES_SHIFT & NVME_CC_REG_IOCQES_MASK)

				#define NVME_CC_WRITE_MASK \
				((NVME_CC_REG_EN_MASK << NVME_CC_REG_EN_SHIFT) \| \
				(NVME_CC_REG_IOSQES_MASK << NVME_CC_REG_IOSQES_SHIFT) \| \
				(NVME_CC_REG_IOCQES_MASK << NVME_CC_REG_IOCQES_SHIFT))

				#define NVME_CC_NEN_WRITE_MASK \
				((NVME_CC_REG_CSS_MASK << NVME_CC_REG_CSS_SHIFT) \| \
				(NVME_CC_REG_MPS_MASK << NVME_CC_REG_MPS_SHIFT) \| \
				(NVME_CC_REG_AMS_MASK << NVME_CC_REG_AMS_SHIFT))

				/* Controller Status utils */
				#define NVME_CSTS_GET_RDY(sts) \
				((sts) >> NVME_CSTS_REG_RDY_SHIFT & NVME_CSTS_REG_RDY_MASK)

				#define NVME_CSTS_RDY (1 << NVME_CSTS_REG_RDY_SHIFT)

				/* Completion Queue status word utils */
				rpokalaUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions It's probably worth noting that this is the actual FreeBSD (Foundation) OUI. rpokala: It's probably worth noting that this is the actual FreeBSD (Foundation) OUI.
				#define NVME_STATUS_P (1 << NVME_STATUS_P_SHIFT)
				#define NVME_STATUS_MASK \
				((NVME_STATUS_SCT_MASK << NVME_STATUS_SCT_SHIFT) \|\
				(NVME_STATUS_SC_MASK << NVME_STATUS_SC_SHIFT))

				static __inline void
				rpokalaUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions The reserved bytes are... reserved. What do you mean by "Version" here? Why are you skipping the first two bytes? rpokala: The reserved bytes are... reserved. What do you mean by "Version" here? Why are you skipping…
				leon_digitalmsx.comUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions stable/11 doesn't have ver. Will need to merge in nvme.h or use raw offsets to struct nvme_controller_data to keep it compatible with 11 and 12. leon_digitalmsx.com: stable/11 doesn't have ver. Will need to merge in nvme.h or use raw offsets to struct…
				grehanUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Don't worry about stable/11 - it's fine to use the defs that are in current, and the MFC can fix as needed (which could be to backport the needed defs from nvme.h) grehan: Don't worry about stable/11 - it's fine to use the defs that are in current, and the MFC can…
				pci_nvme_status_tc(uint16_t *status, uint16_t type, uint16_t code)
				{

				*status &= ~NVME_STATUS_MASK;
				*status \|= (type & NVME_STATUS_SCT_MASK) << NVME_STATUS_SCT_SHIFT \|
				(code & NVME_STATUS_SC_MASK) << NVME_STATUS_SC_SHIFT;
				}

				static __inline void
				pci_nvme_status_genc(uint16_t *status, uint16_t code)
				{

				pci_nvme_status_tc(status, NVME_SCT_GENERIC, code);
				}

				static __inline void
				rpokalaUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Why not just `cd->wctemp = 0x0157`? rpokala: Why not just `cd->wctemp = 0x0157`?
				leon_digitalmsx.comUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions stable/11 missing wctemp leon_digitalmsx.com: stable/11 missing wctemp
				pci_nvme_toggle_phase(uint16_t *status, int prev)
				{

				if (prev)
				*status &= ~NVME_STATUS_P;
				else
				*status \|= NVME_STATUS_P;
				}

				static void
				pci_nvme_init_ctrldata(struct pci_nvme_softc *sc)
				{
				struct nvme_controller_data *cd = &sc->ctrldata;

				cd->vid = 0xFB5D;
				cd->ssvid = 0x0000;

				cd->mn[0] = 'b';
				cd->mn[1] = 'h';
				cd->mn[2] = 'y';
				cd->mn[3] = 'v';
				cd->mn[4] = 'e';
				cd->mn[5] = '-';
				cd->mn[6] = 'N';
				cd->mn[7] = 'V';
				cd->mn[8] = 'M';
				cd->mn[9] = 'e';

				cd->fr[0] = '1';
				cd->fr[1] = '.';
				cd->fr[2] = '0';

				/* Num of submission commands that we can handle at a time (2^rab) */
				cd->rab = 4;

				/* FreeBSD OUI */
				cd->ieee[0] = 0x58;
				cd->ieee[1] = 0x9c;
				cd->ieee[2] = 0xfc;

				cd->mic = 0;

				cd->mdts = 9; /* max data transfer size (2^mdts * CAP.MPSMIN) */

				cd->ver = 0x00010300;

				cd->oacs = 1 << NVME_CTRLR_DATA_OACS_FORMAT_SHIFT;
				cd->acl = 2;
				cd->aerl = 4;

				cd->lpa = 0; /* TODO: support some simple things like SMART */
				cd->elpe = 0; /* max error log page entries */
				cd->npss = 1; /* number of power states support */

				/* Warning Composite Temperature Threshold */
				cd->wctemp = 0x0157;
				impUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions what does this mean? imp: what does this mean?
				araujoAuthorUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Warning Composite Temperature Time: Contains the amount of time in minutes that the controller is operational and the Composite Temperature is greater than or equal to the Warning Composite Temperature Threshold (WCTEMP) field and less than the Critical Composite Temperature Threshold (CCTEMP) field in the Identify Controller data structure. Ref: http://www.nvmexpress.org/wp-content/uploads/NVM_Express_1_2b_Gold_20160603.pdf The value 0x0157 probably comes from HW vendors, Ref: https://www.glynshop.com/erp/owweb/Daten/Datenblaetter/DRAM_FLASH_MEDIEN/17_M.2/02%20Xmore/PCIe/MLC/Xmore%20quality%20M22280xxxGXQC8E017Z%20v1.7.pdf https://www.jetone.com.tw/uploadfiles/327/datasheet/Phison/new-8.7/phison_m2_2280_s3.pdf https://gzhls.at/blob/ldb/3/e/c/c/9e383766a5338cda0c014374aa49001d82cf.pdf araujo: Warning Composite Temperature Time: Contains the amount of time in minutes that the controller…
				araujoAuthorUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Leon's comment: NVMe spec specifically states for any implementation >= v1.2 the value must not be 0, and "It is recommended that implementations report a value of 0157h in this field." So pretty much all vendors do the same. araujo: Leon's comment: NVMe spec specifically states for any implementation >= v1.2 the value must…

				cd->sqes = (6 << NVME_CTRLR_DATA_SQES_MAX_SHIFT) \|
				(6 << NVME_CTRLR_DATA_SQES_MIN_SHIFT);
				cd->cqes = (4 << NVME_CTRLR_DATA_CQES_MAX_SHIFT) \|
				(4 << NVME_CTRLR_DATA_CQES_MIN_SHIFT);
				cd->nn = 1; /* number of namespaces */

				cd->fna = 0x03;

				cd->power_state[0].mp = 10;
				}

				static void
				pci_nvme_init_nsdata(struct pci_nvme_softc *sc)
				{
				struct nvme_namespace_data *nd;

				nd = &sc->nsdata;

				nd->nsze = sc->nvstore.size / sc->nvstore.sectsz;
				nd->ncap = nd->nsze;
				nd->nuse = nd->nsze;

				/* Get LBA and backstore information from backing store */
				nd->nlbaf = 1;
				/* LBA data-sz = 2^lbads */
				nd->lbaf[0] = sc->nvstore.sectsz_bits << NVME_NS_DATA_LBAF_LBADS_SHIFT;

				nd->flbas = 0;
				}

				static void
				pci_nvme_reset(struct pci_nvme_softc *sc)
				{
				DPRINTF(("%s\r\n", __func__));

				sc->regs.cap_lo = (sc->max_qentries & NVME_CAP_LO_REG_MQES_MASK) \|
				(1 << NVME_CAP_LO_REG_CQR_SHIFT) \|
				(60 << NVME_CAP_LO_REG_TO_SHIFT);

				sc->regs.cap_hi = 1 << NVME_CAP_HI_REG_CSS_NVM_SHIFT;

				sc->regs.vs = 0x00010300; /* NVMe v1.3 */

				sc->regs.cc = 0;
				sc->regs.csts = 0;

				if (sc->submit_queues != NULL) {
				pthread_mutex_lock(&sc->mtx);
				sc->num_cqueues = sc->num_squeues = sc->max_queues;

				for (int i = 0; i <= sc->max_queues; i++) {
				impUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions 0 is special, a comment here would be useful. imp: 0 is special, a comment here would be useful.
				araujoAuthorUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions 0 is not special, actually it was used in this way to avoid set the queues twice. I will fix this loop, I can declare the "i" outside of this loop and remove that if statement. araujo: 0 is not special, actually it was used in this way to avoid set the queues twice. I will fix…
				araujoAuthorUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Leon's comment: The Admin Submission Queue is at index 0. It must not be changed at reset otherwise the emulation will be out of sync with the guest, only at complete controller reinitialization. araujo: Leon's comment: The Admin Submission Queue is at index 0. It must not be changed at reset…
				if (i != 0) {
				impUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions What makes zero special? Why doesn't it need to be reset? imp: What makes zero special? Why doesn't it need to be reset?
				araujoAuthorUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Explained above. araujo: Explained above.
				sc->submit_queues[i].qbase = NULL;
				sc->submit_queues[i].size = 0;
				sc->submit_queues[i].cqid = 0;

				sc->submit_queues[i].qbase = NULL;
				impUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions typo for compl_queues? imp: typo for compl_queues?
				araujoAuthorUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Yes, it was a typo.. I'm fixing it. araujo: Yes, it was a typo.. I'm fixing it.
				sc->compl_queues[i].size = 0;
				}
				sc->submit_queues[i].tail = 0;
				sc->submit_queues[i].head = 0;
				sc->submit_queues[i].busy = 0;

				sc->compl_queues[i].tail = 0;
				sc->compl_queues[i].head = 0;
				impUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Shouldn't these be in a similar loop ... or imp: Shouldn't these be in a similar loop ... or
				}

				pthread_mutex_unlock(&sc->mtx);
				} else
				sc->submit_queues = calloc(sc->max_queues + 1,
				sizeof(struct nvme_submission_queue));

				if (sc->compl_queues == NULL) {
				impUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions ... or maybe you should allocate both of these in the else for the prior if and either allocate all, or reinit all, but not this weird combo that happens to work. imp: ... or maybe you should allocate both of these in the else for the prior if and either allocate…
				araujoAuthorUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions As soon as I remove that if statement all of these sets will be inside the same loop statement. araujo: As soon as I remove that if statement all of these sets will be inside the same loop statement.
				araujoAuthorUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Leon's comment: The allocation is done once because the guest goes through different boot phases and each step causes a resizing of the queues; I deliberately did this so that we don't have to go through those reallocation cycles. araujo: Leon's comment: The allocation is done once because the guest goes through different boot…
				sc->compl_queues = calloc(sc->max_queues + 1,
				impUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions So we have max_queues and num_cqueues. There seems to be an inconsistency here. If it is really max_queues, then you can combine things. if it isn't and the numbers can be different, you'll need to have separate loops. Also, can num_cqueues change? If so, then this code doesn't look right. imp: So we have max_queues and num_cqueues. There seems to be an inconsistency here. If it is really…
				sizeof(struct nvme_completion_queue));

				for (int i = 0; i <= sc->num_cqueues; i++)
				pthread_mutex_init(&sc->compl_queues[i].mtx, NULL);
				}
				}

				static void
				pci_nvme_init_controller(struct vmctx ctx, struct pci_nvme_softc sc)
				{
				uint16_t acqs, asqs;

				DPRINTF(("%s\r\n", __func__));

				asqs = (sc->regs.aqa & NVME_AQA_REG_ASQS_MASK) + 1;
				impUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions would an assert that sc->submit_queues != NULL and sc->compl_queues != NULL be useful here? imp: would an assert that sc->submit_queues != NULL and sc->compl_queues != NULL be useful here?
				sc->submit_queues[0].size = asqs;
				sc->submit_queues[0].qbase = vm_map_gpa(ctx, sc->regs.asq,
				sizeof(struct nvme_command) * asqs);

				DPRINTF(("%s mapping Admin-SQ guest 0x%lx, host: %p\r\n",
				__func__, sc->regs.asq, sc->submit_queues[0].qbase));

				acqs = ((sc->regs.aqa >> NVME_AQA_REG_ACQS_SHIFT) &
				NVME_AQA_REG_ACQS_MASK) + 1;
				sc->compl_queues[0].size = acqs;
				sc->compl_queues[0].qbase = vm_map_gpa(ctx, sc->regs.acq,
				sizeof(struct nvme_completion) * acqs);
				DPRINTF(("%s mapping Admin-CQ guest 0x%lx, host: %p\r\n",
				__func__, sc->regs.acq, sc->compl_queues[0].qbase));
				}

				static int
				nvme_opc_delete_io_sq(struct pci_nvme_softc* sc, struct nvme_command* command,
				struct nvme_completion* compl)
				{
				uint16_t qid = command->cdw10 & 0xffff;

				DPRINTF(("%s DELETE_IO_SQ %u\r\n", __func__, qid));
				if (qid == 0 \|\| qid > sc->num_cqueues) {
				WPRINTF(("%s NOT PERMITTED queue id %u / num_squeues %u\r\n",
				__func__, qid, sc->num_squeues));
				pci_nvme_status_tc(&compl->status, NVME_SCT_COMMAND_SPECIFIC,
				NVME_SC_INVALID_QUEUE_IDENTIFIER);
				return (1);
				}

				sc->submit_queues[qid].qbase = NULL;
				impUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Do you need to undo vm_map_gpa effects here? imp: Do you need to undo vm_map_gpa effects here?
				pci_nvme_status_genc(&compl->status, NVME_SC_SUCCESS);
				return (1);
				}

				static int
				nvme_opc_create_io_sq(struct pci_nvme_softc* sc, struct nvme_command* command,
				struct nvme_completion* compl)
				{
				if (command->cdw11 & NVME_CMD_CDW11_PC) {
				uint16_t qid = command->cdw10 & 0xffff;
				struct nvme_submission_queue *nsq;

				if (qid > sc->num_squeues) {
				WPRINTF(("%s queue index %u > num_squeues %u\r\n",
				__func__, qid, sc->num_squeues));
				pci_nvme_status_tc(&compl->status,
				NVME_SCT_COMMAND_SPECIFIC,
				NVME_SC_INVALID_QUEUE_IDENTIFIER);
				return (1);
				}

				nsq = &sc->submit_queues[qid];
				nsq->size = ((command->cdw10 >> 16) & 0xffff) + 1;

				nsq->qbase = vm_map_gpa(sc->nsc_pi->pi_vmctx, command->prp1,
				sizeof(struct nvme_command) * (size_t)nsq->size);
				nsq->cqid = (command->cdw11 >> 16) & 0xffff;
				nsq->qpriority = (command->cdw11 >> 1) & 0x03;

				DPRINTF(("%s sq %u size %u gaddr %p cqid %u\r\n", __func__,
				qid, nsq->size, nsq->qbase, nsq->cqid));

				pci_nvme_status_genc(&compl->status, NVME_SC_SUCCESS);

				DPRINTF(("%s completed creating IOSQ qid %u\r\n",
				__func__, qid));
				} else {
				/*
				* Guest sent non-cont submission queue request.
				* This setting is unsupported by this emulation.
				*/
				WPRINTF(("%s unsupported non-contig (list-based) "
				"create i/o submission queue\r\n", __func__));

				pci_nvme_status_genc(&compl->status, NVME_SC_INVALID_FIELD);
				}
				return (1);
				}

				static int
				nvme_opc_delete_io_cq(struct pci_nvme_softc* sc, struct nvme_command* command,
				struct nvme_completion* compl)
				{
				uint16_t qid = command->cdw10 & 0xffff;

				DPRINTF(("%s DELETE_IO_CQ %u\r\n", __func__, qid));
				if (qid == 0 \|\| qid > sc->num_cqueues) {
				WPRINTF(("%s queue index %u / num_cqueues %u\r\n",
				__func__, qid, sc->num_cqueues));
				pci_nvme_status_tc(&compl->status, NVME_SCT_COMMAND_SPECIFIC,
				NVME_SC_INVALID_QUEUE_IDENTIFIER);
				return (1);
				}

				sc->compl_queues[qid].qbase = NULL;
				impUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Same here: undo effects of vm_map_gpa? imp: Same here: undo effects of vm_map_gpa?
				pci_nvme_status_genc(&compl->status, NVME_SC_SUCCESS);
				return (1);
				}

				static int
				nvme_opc_create_io_cq(struct pci_nvme_softc* sc, struct nvme_command* command,
				struct nvme_completion* compl)
				{
				if (command->cdw11 & NVME_CMD_CDW11_PC) {
				uint16_t qid = command->cdw10 & 0xffff;
				struct nvme_completion_queue *ncq;

				if (qid > sc->num_cqueues) {
				WPRINTF(("%s queue index %u > num_cqueues %u\r\n",
				__func__, qid, sc->num_cqueues));
				pci_nvme_status_tc(&compl->status,
				NVME_SCT_COMMAND_SPECIFIC,
				NVME_SC_INVALID_QUEUE_IDENTIFIER);
				return (1);
				}

				ncq = &sc->compl_queues[qid];
				ncq->intr_en = (command->cdw11 & NVME_CMD_CDW11_IEN) >> 1;
				ncq->intr_vec = (command->cdw11 >> 16) & 0xffff;
				ncq->size = ((command->cdw10 >> 16) & 0xffff) + 1;

				ncq->qbase = vm_map_gpa(sc->nsc_pi->pi_vmctx,
				command->prp1,
				sizeof(struct nvme_command) * (size_t)ncq->size);

				pci_nvme_status_genc(&compl->status, NVME_SC_SUCCESS);
				} else {
				/*
				* Non-contig completion queue unsupported.
				*/
				WPRINTF(("%s unsupported non-contig (list-based) "
				"create i/o completion queue\r\n",
				__func__));

				/* 0x12 = Invalid Use of Controller Memory Buffer */
				pci_nvme_status_genc(&compl->status, 0x12);
				}

				return (1);
				}

				static int
				nvme_opc_get_log_page(struct pci_nvme_softc* sc, struct nvme_command* command,
				struct nvme_completion* compl)
				{
				uint32_t logsize = (1 + ((command->cdw10 >> 16) & 0xFFF)) * 2;
				uint8_t logpage = command->cdw10 & 0xFF;
				void *data;

				DPRINTF(("%s log page %u len %u\r\n", __func__, logpage, logsize));

				if (logpage >= 1 && logpage <= 3)
				data = vm_map_gpa(sc->nsc_pi->pi_vmctx, command->prp1,
				PAGE_SIZE);

				pci_nvme_status_genc(&compl->status, NVME_SC_SUCCESS);

				switch (logpage) {
				case 0x01: /* Error information */
				memset(data, 0, logsize > PAGE_SIZE ? PAGE_SIZE : logsize);
				break;
				case 0x02: /* SMART/Health information */
				/* TODO: present some smart info */
				memset(data, 0, logsize > PAGE_SIZE ? PAGE_SIZE : logsize);
				break;
				case 0x03: /* Firmware slot information */
				impUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Since you don't support the firmware update process, I'm not sure you should map this page. But if you do, you reported a firmware version before, so you must have at least one slot and that slot must report the firmware. imp: Since you don't support the firmware update process, I'm not sure you should map this page. But…
				araujoAuthorUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Leon's comment: Whilst we don't support firmware updates, the guest does query for the firmware slot information; even if it does not intend to use it. araujo: Leon's comment: Whilst we don't support firmware updates, the guest does query for the firmware…
				memset(data, 0, logsize > PAGE_SIZE ? PAGE_SIZE : logsize);
				break;
				chuckUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Invalid namespace or format is returned only if the passed in NSID == 0xffffffff (or 0xfffffffe for CNS=0x10). Section 5.15 (NVM Express 1.3) says, "If a controller does not support a CNS value then it shall abort the command with a status of Invalid Field in Command." chuck: Invalid namespace or format is returned only if the passed in NSID == 0xffffffff (or 0xfffffffe…
				leon_digitalmsx.comUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Will verify for the CNSs. Although, CNS 0x11 "If the specified namespace is an invalid NSID then the controller shall fail the command with a status code of Invalid Namespace or Format" leon_digitalmsx.com: Will verify for the CNSs. Although, CNS 0x11 "If the specified namespace is an invalid NSID…
				chuckUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Sure, but with this implementation, NSID=0x1 is valid and the code doesn't check. It isn't the end of the world as it doesn't support namespace management, but it probably belongs with the other "unsupported identify command" cases. chuck: Sure, but with this implementation, NSID=0x1 is valid and the code doesn't check. It isn't the…
				default:
				WPRINTF(("%s get log page %x command not supported\r\n",
				__func__, logpage));

				pci_nvme_status_tc(&compl->status, NVME_SCT_COMMAND_SPECIFIC,
				NVME_SC_INVALID_LOG_PAGE);
				}

				return (1);
				}

				static int
				nvme_opc_identify(struct pci_nvme_softc* sc, struct nvme_command* command,
				struct nvme_completion* compl)
				{
				void *dest;

				DPRINTF(("%s identify 0x%x nsid 0x%x\r\n", __func__,
				command->cdw10 & 0xFF, command->nsid));

				switch (command->cdw10 & 0xFF) {
				case 0x00: /* return Identify Namespace data structure */
				dest = vm_map_gpa(sc->nsc_pi->pi_vmctx, command->prp1,
				sizeof(sc->nsdata));
				memcpy(dest, &sc->nsdata, sizeof(sc->nsdata));
				break;
				case 0x01: /* return Identify Controller data structure */
				dest = vm_map_gpa(sc->nsc_pi->pi_vmctx, command->prp1,
				sizeof(sc->ctrldata));
				memcpy(dest, &sc->ctrldata, sizeof(sc->ctrldata));
				break;
				case 0x02: /* list of 1024 active NSIDs > CDW1.NSID */
				dest = vm_map_gpa(sc->nsc_pi->pi_vmctx, command->prp1,
				sizeof(uint32_t) * 1024);
				((uint32_t *)dest)[0] = 1;
				((uint32_t *)dest)[1] = 0;
				break;
				case 0x11:
				pci_nvme_status_genc(&compl->status,
				NVME_SC_INVALID_NAMESPACE_OR_FORMAT);
				return (1);
				case 0x03: /* list of NSID structures in CDW1.NSID, 4096 bytes */
				case 0x10:
				case 0x12:
				case 0x13:
				case 0x14:
				case 0x15:
				default:
				DPRINTF(("%s unsupported identify command requested 0x%x\r\n",
				__func__, command->cdw10 & 0xFF));
				pci_nvme_status_genc(&compl->status, NVME_SC_INVALID_FIELD);
				return (1);
				}

				pci_nvme_status_genc(&compl->status, NVME_SC_SUCCESS);
				return (1);
				}

				static int
				nvme_opc_set_features(struct pci_nvme_softc* sc, struct nvme_command* command,
				struct nvme_completion* compl)
				{
				int feature = command->cdw10 & 0x0F;
				uint32_t iv;

				DPRINTF(("%s feature 0x%x\r\n", __func__, feature));
				compl->cdw0 = 0;

				switch (feature) {
				case NVME_FEAT_ARBITRATION:
				DPRINTF((" arbitration 0x%x\r\n", command->cdw11));
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_POWER_MANAGEMENT:
				DPRINTF((" power management 0x%x\r\n", command->cdw11));
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_LBA_RANGE_TYPE:
				DPRINTF((" lba range 0x%x\r\n", command->cdw11));
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_TEMPERATURE_THRESHOLD:
				DPRINTF((" temperature threshold 0x%x\r\n", command->cdw11));
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_ERROR_RECOVERY:
				DPRINTF((" error recovery 0x%x\r\n", command->cdw11));
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_VOLATILE_WRITE_CACHE:
				DPRINTF((" volatile write cache 0x%x\r\n", command->cdw11));
				break;
				impUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Should you save the values to GET_FEATURE returns the right value? imp: Should you save the values to GET_FEATURE returns the right value?
				araujoAuthorUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Leon's comment: They might set, but they never seem to GET. araujo: Leon's comment: They might set, but they never seem to GET.
				case NVME_FEAT_NUMBER_OF_QUEUES:
				sc->num_squeues = command->cdw11 & 0xFFFF;
				sc->num_cqueues = (command->cdw11 >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
				DPRINTF((" number of queues (submit %u, completion %u)\r\n",
				sc->num_squeues, sc->num_cqueues));

				if (sc->num_squeues == 0 \|\| sc->num_squeues > sc->max_queues)
				sc->num_squeues = sc->max_queues;
				if (sc->num_cqueues == 0 \|\| sc->num_cqueues > sc->max_queues)
				sc->num_cqueues = sc->max_queues;

				compl->cdw0 = (sc->num_squeues & 0xFFFF) \|
				((sc->num_cqueues & 0xFFFF) << 16);

				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_INTERRUPT_COALESCING:
				DPRINTF((" interrupt coalescing 0x%x\r\n", command->cdw11));

				/* in uS */
				sc->intr_coales_aggr_time = ((command->cdw11 >> 8) & 0xFF)*100;

				sc->intr_coales_aggr_thresh = command->cdw11 & 0xFF;
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_INTERRUPT_VECTOR_CONFIGURATION:
				iv = command->cdw11 & 0xFFFF;

				DPRINTF((" interrupt vector configuration 0x%x\r\n",
				command->cdw11));

				for (uint32_t i = 0; i <= sc->num_cqueues; i++) {
				if (sc->compl_queues[i].intr_vec == iv) {
				if (command->cdw11 & (1 << 16))
				sc->compl_queues[i].intr_en \|=
				NVME_CQ_INTCOAL;
				else
				sc->compl_queues[i].intr_en &=
				~NVME_CQ_INTCOAL;
				}
				}
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_WRITE_ATOMICITY:
				DPRINTF((" write atomicity 0x%x\r\n", command->cdw11));
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_ASYNC_EVENT_CONFIGURATION:
				DPRINTF((" async event configuration 0x%x\r\n",
				command->cdw11));
				sc->async_ev_config = command->cdw11;
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_SOFTWARE_PROGRESS_MARKER:
				DPRINTF((" software progress marker 0x%x\r\n",
				command->cdw11));
				break;
				case 0x0C:
				impUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions magic imp: magic
				araujoAuthorUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Leon's comment: The constant is not defined in the NVMe headers, hence put here. Either update the nvme headers if it's not there or define in isolation. araujo: Leon's comment: The constant is not defined in the NVMe headers, hence put here. Either update…
				DPRINTF((" autonomous power state transition 0x%x\r\n",
				command->cdw11));
				break;
				default:
				WPRINTF(("%s invalid feature\r\n", __func__));
				pci_nvme_status_genc(&compl->status, NVME_SC_INVALID_FIELD);
				return (1);
				}

				pci_nvme_status_genc(&compl->status, NVME_SC_SUCCESS);
				return (1);
				}

				static int
				nvme_opc_get_features(struct pci_nvme_softc* sc, struct nvme_command* command,
				struct nvme_completion* compl)
				{
				int feature = command->cdw10 & 0x0F;

				DPRINTF(("%s feature 0x%x\r\n", __func__, feature));

				compl->cdw0 = 0;

				switch (feature) {
				case NVME_FEAT_ARBITRATION:
				DPRINTF((" arbitration\r\n"));
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_POWER_MANAGEMENT:
				DPRINTF((" power management\r\n"));
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_LBA_RANGE_TYPE:
				DPRINTF((" lba range\r\n"));
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_TEMPERATURE_THRESHOLD:
				DPRINTF((" temperature threshold\r\n"));
				switch ((command->cdw11 >> 20) & 0x3) {
				case 0:
				/* Over temp threshold */
				compl->cdw0 = 0xFFFF;
				break;
				case 1:
				/* Under temp threshold */
				compl->cdw0 = 0;
				break;
				default:
				WPRINTF((" invalid threshold type select\r\n"));
				pci_nvme_status_genc(&compl->status,
				NVME_SC_INVALID_FIELD);
				return (1);
				}
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_ERROR_RECOVERY:
				DPRINTF((" error recovery\r\n"));
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_VOLATILE_WRITE_CACHE:
				DPRINTF((" volatile write cache\r\n"));
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_NUMBER_OF_QUEUES:
				compl->cdw0 = 0;
				if (sc->num_squeues == 0)
				compl->cdw0 \|= sc->max_queues & 0xFFFF;
				else
				compl->cdw0 \|= sc->num_squeues & 0xFFFF;

				if (sc->num_cqueues == 0)
				compl->cdw0 \|= (sc->max_queues & 0xFFFF) << 16;
				else
				chuckUnsubmitted Not Done Inline Actions Since the implementation is not aborting the command (which is totally fine), bit 0 of DW0 should be set to indicate the command was not aborted. Bit 0 cleared means the command was aborted. See section 5.1.1 of the 1.3 spec. chuck: Since the implementation is not aborting the command (which is totally fine), bit 0 of DW0…
				compl->cdw0 \|= (sc->num_cqueues & 0xFFFF) << 16;

				DPRINTF((" number of queues (submit %u, completion %u)\r\n",
				compl->cdw0 & 0xFFFF,
				(compl->cdw0 >> 16) & 0xFFFF));

				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_INTERRUPT_COALESCING:
				DPRINTF((" interrupt coalescing\r\n"));
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_INTERRUPT_VECTOR_CONFIGURATION:
				DPRINTF((" interrupt vector configuration\r\n"));
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_WRITE_ATOMICITY:
				DPRINTF((" write atomicity\r\n"));
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_ASYNC_EVENT_CONFIGURATION:
				DPRINTF((" async event configuration\r\n"));
				sc->async_ev_config = command->cdw11;
				break;
				case NVME_FEAT_SOFTWARE_PROGRESS_MARKER:
				DPRINTF((" software progress marker\r\n"));
				break;
				case 0x0C:
				DPRINTF((" autonomous power state transition\r\n"));
				break;
				default:
				WPRINTF(("%s invalid feature 0x%x\r\n", __func__, feature));
				pci_nvme_status_genc(&compl->status, NVME_SC_INVALID_FIELD);
				return (1);
				}

				pci_nvme_status_genc(&compl->status, NVME_SC_SUCCESS);
				return (1);
				}

				static int
				nvme_opc_abort(struct pci_nvme_softc* sc, struct nvme_command* command,
				struct nvme_completion* compl)
				{
				DPRINTF(("%s submission queue %u, command ID 0x%x\r\n", __func__,
				command->cdw10 & 0xFFFF, (command->cdw10 >> 16) & 0xFFFF));

				/* TODO: search for the command ID and abort it */

				compl->cdw0 = 1;
				pci_nvme_status_genc(&compl->status, NVME_SC_SUCCESS);
				return (1);
				}

				static int
				nvme_opc_async_event_req(struct pci_nvme_softc* sc,
				struct nvme_command* command, struct nvme_completion* compl)
				{
				DPRINTF(("%s async event request 0x%x\r\n", __func__, command->cdw11));

				/*
				* TODO: raise events when they happen based on the Set Features cmd.
				* These events happen async, so only set completion successful if
				* there is an event reflective of the request to get event.
				*/
				pci_nvme_status_tc(&compl->status, NVME_SCT_COMMAND_SPECIFIC,
				NVME_SC_ASYNC_EVENT_REQUEST_LIMIT_EXCEEDED);
				return (0);
				}

				static void
				pci_nvme_handle_admin_cmd(struct pci_nvme_softc* sc, uint64_t value)
				{
				struct nvme_completion compl;
				struct nvme_command *cmd;
				struct nvme_submission_queue *sq;
				struct nvme_completion_queue *cq;
				int do_intr = 0;
				uint16_t sqhead;

				DPRINTF(("%s index %u\r\n", __func__, (uint32_t)value));

				sq = &sc->submit_queues[0];

				sqhead = atomic_load_acq_short(&sq->head);

				if (atomic_testandset_int(&sq->busy, 1)) {
				DPRINTF(("%s SQ busy, head %u, tail %u\r\n",
				__func__, sqhead, sq->tail));
				return;
				}

				DPRINTF(("sqhead %u, tail %u\r\n", sqhead, sq->tail));

				while (sqhead != atomic_load_acq_short(&sq->tail)) {
				cmd = &(sq->qbase)[sqhead];
				compl.status = 0;

				switch (NVME_CMD_GET_OPC(cmd->opc_fuse)) {
				case NVME_OPC_DELETE_IO_SQ:
				DPRINTF(("%s command DELETE_IO_SQ\r\n", __func__));
				do_intr \|= nvme_opc_delete_io_sq(sc, cmd, &compl);
				break;
				case NVME_OPC_CREATE_IO_SQ:
				DPRINTF(("%s command CREATE_IO_SQ\r\n", __func__));
				do_intr \|= nvme_opc_create_io_sq(sc, cmd, &compl);
				break;
				case NVME_OPC_DELETE_IO_CQ:
				DPRINTF(("%s command DELETE_IO_CQ\r\n", __func__));
				do_intr \|= nvme_opc_delete_io_cq(sc, cmd, &compl);
				break;
				case NVME_OPC_CREATE_IO_CQ:
				DPRINTF(("%s command CREATE_IO_CQ\r\n", __func__));
				do_intr \|= nvme_opc_create_io_cq(sc, cmd, &compl);
				break;
				case NVME_OPC_GET_LOG_PAGE:
				DPRINTF(("%s command GET_LOG_PAGE\r\n", __func__));
				do_intr \|= nvme_opc_get_log_page(sc, cmd, &compl);
				break;
				case NVME_OPC_IDENTIFY:
				DPRINTF(("%s command IDENTIFY\r\n", __func__));
				do_intr \|= nvme_opc_identify(sc, cmd, &compl);
				break;
				case NVME_OPC_ABORT:
				DPRINTF(("%s command ABORT\r\n", __func__));
				do_intr \|= nvme_opc_abort(sc, cmd, &compl);
				break;
				case NVME_OPC_SET_FEATURES:
				DPRINTF(("%s command SET_FEATURES\r\n", __func__));
				do_intr \|= nvme_opc_set_features(sc, cmd, &compl);
				break;
				case NVME_OPC_GET_FEATURES:
				DPRINTF(("%s command GET_FEATURES\r\n", __func__));
				do_intr \|= nvme_opc_get_features(sc, cmd, &compl);
				break;
				case NVME_OPC_ASYNC_EVENT_REQUEST:
				DPRINTF(("%s command ASYNC_EVENT_REQ\r\n", __func__));
				/* XXX dont care, unhandled for now
				do_intr \|= nvme_opc_async_event_req(sc, cmd, &compl);
				*/
				break;
				default:
				WPRINTF(("0x%x command is not implemented\r\n",
				NVME_CMD_GET_OPC(cmd->opc_fuse)));
				}

				/* for now skip async event generation */
				if (NVME_CMD_GET_OPC(cmd->opc_fuse) !=
				NVME_OPC_ASYNC_EVENT_REQUEST) {
				struct nvme_completion *cp;
				int phase;

				cq = &sc->compl_queues[0];

				cp = &(cq->qbase)[cq->tail];
				cp->sqid = 0;
				cp->sqhd = sqhead;
				cp->cid = cmd->cid;

				phase = NVME_STATUS_GET_P(cp->status);
				cp->status = compl.status;
				pci_nvme_toggle_phase(&cp->status, phase);

				cq->tail = (cq->tail + 1) % cq->size;
				}
				sqhead = (sqhead + 1) % sq->size;
				}

				DPRINTF(("setting sqhead %u\r\n", sqhead));
				atomic_store_short(&sq->head, sqhead);
				atomic_store_int(&sq->busy, 0);

				if (do_intr)
				pci_generate_msix(sc->nsc_pi, 0);

				}

				static int
				pci_nvme_append_iov_req(struct pci_nvme_softc sc, struct pci_nvme_ioreq req,
				uint64_t gpaddr, size_t size, int do_write, uint64_t lba)
				{
				int iovidx;

				if (req != NULL) {
				/* concatenate contig block-iovs to minimize number of iovs */
				if ((req->prev_gpaddr + req->prev_size) == gpaddr) {
				iovidx = req->io_req.br_iovcnt - 1;

				req->io_req.br_iov[iovidx].iov_base =
				paddr_guest2host(req->sc->nsc_pi->pi_vmctx,
				req->prev_gpaddr, size);

				req->prev_size += size;
				req->io_req.br_resid += size;

				req->io_req.br_iov[iovidx].iov_len = req->prev_size;
				} else {
				pthread_mutex_lock(&req->mtx);

				iovidx = req->io_req.br_iovcnt;
				if (iovidx == NVME_MAX_BLOCKIOVS) {
				int err = 0;

				DPRINTF(("large I/O, doing partial req\r\n"));

				iovidx = 0;
				req->io_req.br_iovcnt = 0;

				req->io_req.br_callback = pci_nvme_io_partial;

				if (!do_write)
				err = blockif_read(sc->nvstore.ctx,
				&req->io_req);
				else
				err = blockif_write(sc->nvstore.ctx,
				&req->io_req);

				/* wait until req completes before cont */
				if (err == 0)
				pthread_cond_wait(&req->cv, &req->mtx);
				}
				if (iovidx == 0) {
				req->io_req.br_offset = lba;
				req->io_req.br_resid = 0;
				req->io_req.br_param = req;
				}

				req->io_req.br_iov[iovidx].iov_base =
				paddr_guest2host(req->sc->nsc_pi->pi_vmctx,
				gpaddr, size);

				req->io_req.br_iov[iovidx].iov_len = size;

				req->prev_gpaddr = gpaddr;
				req->prev_size = size;
				req->io_req.br_resid += size;

				req->io_req.br_iovcnt++;

				pthread_mutex_unlock(&req->mtx);
				}
				} else {
				/* RAM buffer: read/write directly */
				void *p = sc->nvstore.ctx;
				void *gptr;

				if ((lba + size) > sc->nvstore.size) {
				WPRINTF(("%s write would overflow RAM\r\n", __func__));
				return (-1);
				}

				p = (void *)((uintptr_t)p + (uintptr_t)lba);
				gptr = paddr_guest2host(sc->nsc_pi->pi_vmctx, gpaddr, size);
				if (do_write)
				memcpy(p, gptr, size);
				else
				memcpy(gptr, p, size);
				}
				return (0);
				}

				static void
				pci_nvme_set_completion(struct pci_nvme_softc *sc,
				struct nvme_submission_queue *sq, int sqid, uint16_t cid,
				uint32_t cdw0, uint16_t status, int ignore_busy)
				{
				struct nvme_completion_queue *cq = &sc->compl_queues[sq->cqid];
				struct nvme_completion *compl;
				int do_intr = 0;
				int phase;

				DPRINTF(("%s sqid %d cqid %u cid %u status: 0x%x 0x%x\r\n",
				__func__, sqid, sq->cqid, cid, NVME_STATUS_GET_SCT(status),
				NVME_STATUS_GET_SC(status)));

				pthread_mutex_lock(&cq->mtx);

				assert(cq->qbase != NULL);

				compl = &cq->qbase[cq->tail];

				compl->sqhd = atomic_load_acq_short(&sq->head);
				compl->sqid = sqid;
				compl->cid = cid;

				// toggle phase
				phase = NVME_STATUS_GET_P(compl->status);
				compl->status = status;
				pci_nvme_toggle_phase(&compl->status, phase);

				cq->tail = (cq->tail + 1) % cq->size;

				if (cq->intr_en & NVME_CQ_INTEN)
				do_intr = 1;

				pthread_mutex_unlock(&cq->mtx);

				if (ignore_busy \|\| !atomic_load_acq_int(&sq->busy))
				if (do_intr)
				pci_generate_msix(sc->nsc_pi, cq->intr_vec);
				}

				static void
				pci_nvme_release_ioreq(struct pci_nvme_softc sc, struct pci_nvme_ioreq req)
				{
				req->sc = NULL;
				req->nvme_sq = NULL;
				req->sqid = 0;

				pthread_mutex_lock(&sc->mtx);

				req->next = sc->ioreqs_free;
				sc->ioreqs_free = req;
				sc->pending_ios--;

				/* when no more IO pending, can set to ready if device reset/enabled */
				if (sc->pending_ios == 0 &&
				NVME_CC_GET_EN(sc->regs.cc) && !(NVME_CSTS_GET_RDY(sc->regs.csts)))
				sc->regs.csts \|= NVME_CSTS_RDY;

				pthread_mutex_unlock(&sc->mtx);

				sem_post(&sc->iosemlock);
				}

				static struct pci_nvme_ioreq *
				pci_nvme_get_ioreq(struct pci_nvme_softc *sc)
				{
				struct pci_nvme_ioreq *req = NULL;;

				sem_wait(&sc->iosemlock);
				pthread_mutex_lock(&sc->mtx);

				req = sc->ioreqs_free;
				assert(req != NULL);

				sc->ioreqs_free = req->next;

				req->next = NULL;
				req->sc = sc;

				sc->pending_ios++;

				pthread_mutex_unlock(&sc->mtx);

				req->io_req.br_iovcnt = 0;
				req->io_req.br_offset = 0;
				req->io_req.br_resid = 0;
				req->io_req.br_param = req;
				req->prev_gpaddr = 0;
				req->prev_size = 0;

				return req;
				}

				static void
				pci_nvme_io_done(struct blockif_req *br, int err)
				{
				struct pci_nvme_ioreq *req = br->br_param;
				struct nvme_submission_queue *sq = req->nvme_sq;
				uint16_t code, status;

				DPRINTF(("%s error %d %s\r\n", __func__, err, strerror(err)));

				/* TODO return correct error */
				if (err)
				code = NVME_SC_DATA_TRANSFER_ERROR;
				else
				code = NVME_SC_SUCCESS;

				code = err ? NVME_SC_DATA_TRANSFER_ERROR : NVME_SC_SUCCESS;
				pci_nvme_status_genc(&status, code);

				pci_nvme_set_completion(req->sc, sq, req->sqid, req->cid, 0, status, 0);
				pci_nvme_release_ioreq(req->sc, req);
				}

				static void
				pci_nvme_io_partial(struct blockif_req *br, int err)
				{
				struct pci_nvme_ioreq *req = br->br_param;

				DPRINTF(("%s error %d %s\r\n", __func__, err, strerror(err)));

				pthread_cond_signal(&req->cv);
				}


				static void
				pci_nvme_handle_io_cmd(struct pci_nvme_softc* sc, uint16_t idx)
				{
				struct nvme_submission_queue *sq;
				uint16_t status;
				uint16_t sqhead;
				int err;

				/* handle all submissions up to sq->tail index */
				sq = &sc->submit_queues[idx];

				if (atomic_testandset_int(&sq->busy, 1)) {
				DPRINTF(("%s sqid %u busy\r\n", __func__, idx));
				return;
				}

				sqhead = atomic_load_acq_short(&sq->head);

				DPRINTF(("nvme_handle_io qid %u head %u tail %u cmdlist %p\r\n",
				idx, sqhead, sq->tail, sq->qbase));

				while (sqhead != atomic_load_acq_short(&sq->tail)) {
				struct nvme_command *cmd;
				struct pci_nvme_ioreq *req = NULL;
				uint64_t lba;
				uint64_t nblocks, bytes, size, cpsz;

				/* TODO: support scatter gather list handling */

				cmd = &sq->qbase[sqhead];
				sqhead = (sqhead + 1) % sq->size;

				lba = ((uint64_t)cmd->cdw11 << 32) \| cmd->cdw10;

				if (NVME_CMD_GET_OPC(cmd->opc_fuse) == NVME_OPC_FLUSH) {
				pci_nvme_status_genc(&status, NVME_SC_SUCCESS);
				pci_nvme_set_completion(sc, sq, idx, cmd->cid, 0,
				status, 1);

				continue;
				} else if (NVME_CMD_GET_OPC(cmd->opc_fuse) == 0x08) {
				/* TODO: write zeroes */
				WPRINTF(("%s write zeroes lba 0x%lx blocks %u\r\n",
				__func__, lba, cmd->cdw12 & 0xFFFF));
				pci_nvme_status_genc(&status, NVME_SC_SUCCESS);
				pci_nvme_set_completion(sc, sq, idx, cmd->cid, 0,
				status, 1);

				continue;
				}

				nblocks = (cmd->cdw12 & 0xFFFF) + 1;

				bytes = nblocks * sc->nvstore.sectsz;

				if (sc->nvstore.type == NVME_STOR_BLOCKIF) {
				req = pci_nvme_get_ioreq(sc);
				req->nvme_sq = sq;
				req->sqid = idx;
				}

				/*
				* If data starts mid-page and flows into the next page, then
				* increase page count
				*/

				DPRINTF(("[h%u:t%u:n%u] %s starting LBA 0x%lx blocks %lu "
				"(%lu-bytes)\r\n",
				sqhead==0 ? sq->size-1 : sqhead-1, sq->tail, sq->size,
				NVME_CMD_GET_OPC(cmd->opc_fuse) == NVME_OPC_WRITE ?
				"WRITE" : "READ",
				lba, nblocks, bytes));

				cmd->prp1 &= ~(0x03UL);
				cmd->prp2 &= ~(0x03UL);

				DPRINTF((" prp1 0x%lx prp2 0x%lx\r\n", cmd->prp1, cmd->prp2));

				size = bytes;
				lba *= sc->nvstore.sectsz;

				cpsz = PAGE_SIZE - (cmd->prp1 % PAGE_SIZE);

				if (cpsz > bytes)
				cpsz = bytes;

				if (req != NULL) {
				req->io_req.br_offset = ((uint64_t)cmd->cdw11 << 32) \|
				cmd->cdw10;
				req->opc = NVME_CMD_GET_OPC(cmd->opc_fuse);
				req->cid = cmd->cid;
				req->nsid = cmd->nsid;
				}

				err = pci_nvme_append_iov_req(sc, req, cmd->prp1, cpsz,
				NVME_CMD_GET_OPC(cmd->opc_fuse) == NVME_OPC_WRITE, lba);
				lba += cpsz;
				size -= cpsz;

				if (size == 0)
				goto iodone;

				if (size <= PAGE_SIZE) {
				/* prp2 is second (and final) page in transfer */

				err = pci_nvme_append_iov_req(sc, req, cmd->prp2,
				size,
				NVME_CMD_GET_OPC(cmd->opc_fuse) == NVME_OPC_WRITE,
				lba);
				} else {
				uint64_t *prp_list;
				int i;

				/* prp2 is pointer to a physical region page list */
				prp_list = paddr_guest2host(sc->nsc_pi->pi_vmctx,
				cmd->prp2, PAGE_SIZE);

				i = 0;
				while (size != 0) {
				cpsz = MIN(size, PAGE_SIZE);

				/*
				* Move to linked physical region page list
				* in last item.
				*/
				if (i == (NVME_PRP2_ITEMS-1) &&
				size > PAGE_SIZE) {
				assert((prp_list[i] & (PAGE_SIZE-1)) == 0);
				prp_list = paddr_guest2host(
				sc->nsc_pi->pi_vmctx,
				prp_list[i], PAGE_SIZE);
				i = 0;
				}
				if (prp_list[i] == 0) {
				WPRINTF(("PRP2[%d] = 0 !!!\r\n", i));
				err = 1;
				break;
				}

				err = pci_nvme_append_iov_req(sc, req,
				prp_list[i], cpsz,
				NVME_CMD_GET_OPC(cmd->opc_fuse) ==
				NVME_OPC_WRITE, lba);
				if (err)
				break;

				lba += cpsz;
				size -= cpsz;
				i++;
				}
				}

				iodone:
				if (sc->nvstore.type == NVME_STOR_RAM) {
				uint16_t code, status;

				code = err ? NVME_SC_LBA_OUT_OF_RANGE :
				NVME_SC_SUCCESS;
				pci_nvme_status_genc(&status, code);

				pci_nvme_set_completion(sc, sq, idx, cmd->cid, 0,
				status, 1);

				continue;
				}


				if (err)
				goto do_error;

				req->io_req.br_callback = pci_nvme_io_done;

				err = 0;
				switch (NVME_CMD_GET_OPC(cmd->opc_fuse)) {
				case NVME_OPC_READ:
				err = blockif_read(sc->nvstore.ctx, &req->io_req);
				break;
				case NVME_OPC_WRITE:
				err = blockif_write(sc->nvstore.ctx, &req->io_req);
				break;
				default:
				WPRINTF(("%s unhandled io command 0x%x\r\n",
				__func__, NVME_CMD_GET_OPC(cmd->opc_fuse)));
				err = 1;
				}

				do_error:
				if (err) {
				uint16_t status;

				pci_nvme_status_genc(&status,
				NVME_SC_DATA_TRANSFER_ERROR);

				pci_nvme_set_completion(sc, sq, idx, cmd->cid, 0,
				status, 1);
				pci_nvme_release_ioreq(sc, req);
				}
				}

				atomic_store_short(&sq->head, sqhead);
				atomic_store_int(&sq->busy, 0);
				}

				static void
				pci_nvme_handle_doorbell(struct vmctx ctx, struct pci_nvme_softc sc,
				uint64_t idx, int is_sq, uint64_t value)
				{
				DPRINTF(("nvme doorbell %lu, %s, val 0x%lx\r\n",
				idx, is_sq ? "SQ" : "CQ", value & 0xFFFF));

				if (is_sq) {
				atomic_store_short(&sc->submit_queues[idx].tail,
				(uint16_t)value);

				if (idx == 0) {
				pci_nvme_handle_admin_cmd(sc, value);
				} else {
				/* submission queue; handle new entries in SQ */
				if (idx > sc->num_squeues) {
				WPRINTF(("%s SQ index %lu overflow from "
				"guest (max %u)\r\n",
				__func__, idx, sc->num_squeues));
				return;
				}
				pci_nvme_handle_io_cmd(sc, (uint16_t)idx);
				}
				} else {
				if (idx > sc->num_cqueues) {
				WPRINTF(("%s queue index %lu overflow from "
				"guest (max %u)\r\n",
				__func__, idx, sc->num_cqueues));
				return;
				}

				sc->compl_queues[idx].head = (uint16_t)value;
				}
				}

				static void
				pci_nvme_bar0_reg_dumps(const char *func, uint64_t offset, int iswrite)
				{
				const char *s = iswrite ? "WRITE" : "READ";

				switch (offset) {
				case NVME_CR_CAP_LOW:
				DPRINTF(("%s %s NVME_CR_CAP_LOW\r\n", func, s));
				break;
				case NVME_CR_CAP_HI:
				DPRINTF(("%s %s NVME_CR_CAP_HI\r\n", func, s));
				break;
				case NVME_CR_VS:
				DPRINTF(("%s %s NVME_CR_VS\r\n", func, s));
				break;
				case NVME_CR_INTMS:
				DPRINTF(("%s %s NVME_CR_INTMS\r\n", func, s));
				break;
				case NVME_CR_INTMC:
				DPRINTF(("%s %s NVME_CR_INTMC\r\n", func, s));
				break;
				case NVME_CR_CC:
				DPRINTF(("%s %s NVME_CR_CC\r\n", func, s));
				break;
				case NVME_CR_CSTS:
				DPRINTF(("%s %s NVME_CR_CSTS\r\n", func, s));
				break;
				case NVME_CR_NSSR:
				DPRINTF(("%s %s NVME_CR_NSSR\r\n", func, s));
				break;
				case NVME_CR_AQA:
				DPRINTF(("%s %s NVME_CR_AQA\r\n", func, s));
				break;
				case NVME_CR_ASQ_LOW:
				DPRINTF(("%s %s NVME_CR_ASQ_LOW\r\n", func, s));
				break;
				case NVME_CR_ASQ_HI:
				DPRINTF(("%s %s NVME_CR_ASQ_HI\r\n", func, s));
				break;
				case NVME_CR_ACQ_LOW:
				DPRINTF(("%s %s NVME_CR_ACQ_LOW\r\n", func, s));
				break;
				case NVME_CR_ACQ_HI:
				DPRINTF(("%s %s NVME_CR_ACQ_HI\r\n", func, s));
				break;
				default:
				DPRINTF(("unknown nvme bar-0 offset 0x%lx\r\n", offset));
				}

				}

				static void
				pci_nvme_write_bar_0(struct vmctx ctx, struct pci_nvme_softc sc,
				uint64_t offset, int size, uint64_t value)
				{
				uint32_t ccreg;

				if (offset >= NVME_DOORBELL_OFFSET) {
				uint64_t belloffset = offset - NVME_DOORBELL_OFFSET;
				uint64_t idx = belloffset / 8; /* door bell size = 2int /
				int is_sq = (belloffset % 8) < 4;

				if (belloffset > ((sc->max_queues+1) * 8 - 4)) {
				WPRINTF(("guest attempted an overflow write offset "
				"0x%lx, val 0x%lx in %s",
				offset, value, __func__));
				return;
				}

				pci_nvme_handle_doorbell(ctx, sc, idx, is_sq, value);
				return;
				}

				DPRINTF(("nvme-write offset 0x%lx, size %d, value 0x%lx\r\n",
				offset, size, value));

				if (size != 4) {
				WPRINTF(("guest wrote invalid size %d (offset 0x%lx, "
				"val 0x%lx) to bar0 in %s",
				size, offset, value, __func__));
				/* TODO: shutdown device */
				return;
				}

				pci_nvme_bar0_reg_dumps(__func__, offset, 1);

				pthread_mutex_lock(&sc->mtx);

				switch (offset) {
				case NVME_CR_CAP_LOW:
				case NVME_CR_CAP_HI:
				/* readonly */
				break;
				case NVME_CR_VS:
				/* readonly */
				break;
				case NVME_CR_INTMS:
				/* MSI-X, so ignore */
				break;
				case NVME_CR_INTMC:
				/* MSI-X, so ignore */
				break;
				case NVME_CR_CC:
				ccreg = (uint32_t)value;

				DPRINTF(("%s NVME_CR_CC en %x css %x shn %x iosqes %u "
				"iocqes %u\r\n",
				__func__,
				NVME_CC_GET_EN(ccreg), NVME_CC_GET_CSS(ccreg),
				NVME_CC_GET_SHN(ccreg), NVME_CC_GET_IOSQES(ccreg),
				NVME_CC_GET_IOCQES(ccreg)));

				if (NVME_CC_GET_SHN(ccreg)) {
				/* perform shutdown - flush out data to backend */
				sc->regs.csts &= ~(NVME_CSTS_REG_SHST_MASK <<
				NVME_CSTS_REG_SHST_SHIFT);
				sc->regs.csts \|= NVME_SHST_COMPLETE <<
				NVME_CSTS_REG_SHST_SHIFT;
				}
				if (NVME_CC_GET_EN(ccreg) != NVME_CC_GET_EN(sc->regs.cc)) {
				if (NVME_CC_GET_EN(ccreg) == 0)
				/* transition 1-> causes controller reset */
				pci_nvme_reset(sc);
				else
				pci_nvme_init_controller(ctx, sc);
				}

				/* Insert the iocqes, iosqes and en bits from the write */
				sc->regs.cc &= ~NVME_CC_WRITE_MASK;
				sc->regs.cc \|= ccreg & NVME_CC_WRITE_MASK;
				if (NVME_CC_GET_EN(ccreg) == 0) {
				/* Insert the ams, mps and css bit fields */
				sc->regs.cc &= ~NVME_CC_NEN_WRITE_MASK;
				sc->regs.cc \|= ccreg & NVME_CC_NEN_WRITE_MASK;
				sc->regs.csts &= ~NVME_CSTS_RDY;
				} else if (sc->pending_ios == 0) {
				sc->regs.csts \|= NVME_CSTS_RDY;
				}
				break;
				case NVME_CR_CSTS:
				break;
				case NVME_CR_NSSR:
				/* ignore writes; don't support subsystem reset */
				break;
				case NVME_CR_AQA:
				sc->regs.aqa = (uint32_t)value;
				break;
				case NVME_CR_ASQ_LOW:
				sc->regs.asq = (sc->regs.asq & (0xFFFFFFFF00000000)) \|
				(0xFFFFF000 & value);
				break;
				case NVME_CR_ASQ_HI:
				sc->regs.asq = (sc->regs.asq & (0x00000000FFFFFFFF)) \|
				(value << 32);
				break;
				case NVME_CR_ACQ_LOW:
				sc->regs.acq = (sc->regs.acq & (0xFFFFFFFF00000000)) \|
				(0xFFFFF000 & value);
				break;
				case NVME_CR_ACQ_HI:
				sc->regs.acq = (sc->regs.acq & (0x00000000FFFFFFFF)) \|
				(value << 32);
				break;
				default:
				DPRINTF(("%s unknown offset 0x%lx, value 0x%lx size %d\r\n",
				__func__, offset, value, size));
				}
				pthread_mutex_unlock(&sc->mtx);
				}

				static void
				pci_nvme_write(struct vmctx ctx, int vcpu, struct pci_devinst pi,
				int baridx, uint64_t offset, int size, uint64_t value)
				{
				struct pci_nvme_softc* sc = pi->pi_arg;

				if (baridx == pci_msix_table_bar(pi) \|\|
				baridx == pci_msix_pba_bar(pi)) {
				DPRINTF(("nvme-write baridx %d, msix: off 0x%lx, size %d, "
				" value 0x%lx\r\n", baridx, offset, size, value));

				pci_emul_msix_twrite(pi, offset, size, value);
				return;
				}

				switch (baridx) {
				case 0:
				pci_nvme_write_bar_0(ctx, sc, offset, size, value);
				break;

				default:
				DPRINTF(("%s unknown baridx %d, val 0x%lx\r\n",
				__func__, baridx, value));
				}
				}

				static uint64_t pci_nvme_read_bar_0(struct pci_nvme_softc* sc,
				uint64_t offset, int size)
				{
				uint64_t value;

				pci_nvme_bar0_reg_dumps(__func__, offset, 0);

				if (offset < NVME_DOORBELL_OFFSET) {
				void *p = &(sc->regs);
				pthread_mutex_lock(&sc->mtx);
				memcpy(&value, (void *)((uintptr_t)p + offset), size);
				pthread_mutex_unlock(&sc->mtx);
				} else {
				value = 0;
				WPRINTF(("pci_nvme: read invalid offset %ld\r\n", offset));
				}

				switch (size) {
				case 1:
				value &= 0xFF;
				break;
				case 2:
				value &= 0xFFFF;
				break;
				case 4:
				value &= 0xFFFFFFFF;
				break;
				}

				DPRINTF((" nvme-read offset 0x%lx, size %d -> value 0x%x\r\n",
				offset, size, (uint32_t)value));

				return (value);
				}



				static uint64_t
				pci_nvme_read(struct vmctx ctx, int vcpu, struct pci_devinst pi, int baridx,
				uint64_t offset, int size)
				{
				struct pci_nvme_softc* sc = pi->pi_arg;

				if (baridx == pci_msix_table_bar(pi) \|\|
				baridx == pci_msix_pba_bar(pi)) {
				DPRINTF(("nvme-read bar: %d, msix: regoff 0x%lx, size %d\r\n",
				baridx, offset, size));

				return pci_emul_msix_tread(pi, offset, size);
				}

				switch (baridx) {
				case 0:
				return pci_nvme_read_bar_0(sc, offset, size);

				default:
				DPRINTF(("unknown bar %d, 0x%lx\r\n", baridx, offset));
				}

				return (0);
				}


				static int
				pci_nvme_parse_opts(struct pci_nvme_softc sc, char opts)
				{
				char bident[sizeof("XX:X:X")];
				char uopt, xopts, *config;
				uint32_t sectsz;
				int optidx;

				sc->max_queues = NVME_QUEUES;
				sc->max_qentries = NVME_MAX_QENTRIES;
				sc->ioslots = NVME_IOSLOTS;
				sc->num_squeues = sc->max_queues;
				sc->num_cqueues = sc->max_queues;
				sectsz = 0;

				uopt = strdup(opts);
				optidx = 0;
				snprintf(sc->ctrldata.sn, sizeof(sc->ctrldata.sn),
				"NVME-%d-%d", sc->nsc_pi->pi_slot, sc->nsc_pi->pi_func);
				for (xopts = strtok(uopt, ",");
				xopts != NULL;
				xopts = strtok(NULL, ",")) {

				if ((config = strchr(xopts, '=')) != NULL)
				*config++ = '\0';

				if (!strcmp("maxq", xopts)) {
				sc->max_queues = atoi(config);
				} else if (!strcmp("qsz", xopts)) {
				sc->max_qentries = atoi(config);
				} else if (!strcmp("ioslots", xopts)) {
				sc->ioslots = atoi(config);
				} else if (!strcmp("sectsz", xopts)) {
				sectsz = atoi(config);
				} else if (!strcmp("ser", xopts)) {
				memset(sc->ctrldata.sn, 0, sizeof(sc->ctrldata.sn));
				strncpy(sc->ctrldata.sn, config,
				sizeof(sc->ctrldata.sn));
				} else if (!strcmp("ram", xopts)) {
				uint64_t sz = strtoull(&xopts[4], NULL, 10);

				sc->nvstore.type = NVME_STOR_RAM;
				sc->nvstore.size = sz * 1024 * 1024;
				sc->nvstore.ctx = calloc(1, sc->nvstore.size);
				sc->nvstore.sectsz = 4096;
				sc->nvstore.sectsz_bits = 12;
				if (sc->nvstore.ctx == NULL) {
				perror("Unable to allocate RAM");
				return (-1);
				}
				} else if (optidx == 0) {
				snprintf(bident, sizeof(bident), "%d:%d",
				sc->nsc_pi->pi_slot, sc->nsc_pi->pi_func);
				sc->nvstore.ctx = blockif_open(xopts, bident);
				if (sc->nvstore.ctx == NULL) {
				perror("Could not open backing file");
				return (-1);
				}
				sc->nvstore.type = NVME_STOR_BLOCKIF;
				sc->nvstore.size = blockif_size(sc->nvstore.ctx);
				} else {
				fprintf(stderr, "Invalid option %s\n", xopts);
				return (-1);
				}

				optidx++;
				}
				if (sc->nvstore.ctx == NULL \|\| sc->nvstore.size == 0) {
				fprintf(stderr, "backing store not specified\n");
				return (-1);
				}
				if (sectsz == 512 \|\| sectsz == 4096 \|\| sectsz == 8192)
				sc->nvstore.sectsz = sectsz;
				else if (sc->nvstore.type != NVME_STOR_RAM)
				sc->nvstore.sectsz = blockif_sectsz(sc->nvstore.ctx);
				for (sc->nvstore.sectsz_bits = 9;
				(1 << sc->nvstore.sectsz_bits) < sc->nvstore.sectsz;
				sc->nvstore.sectsz_bits++)
				;


				if (sc->max_queues == 0) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Invalid maxq option\n");
				return (-1);
				}
				if (sc->max_qentries <= 0) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Invalid qsz option\n");
				return (-1);
				}
				if (sc->ioslots <= 0) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Invalid ioslots option\n");
				return (-1);
				}

				return (0);
				}

				static int
				pci_nvme_init(struct vmctx ctx, struct pci_devinst pi, char *opts)
				{
				struct pci_nvme_softc *sc;
				uint32_t pci_membar_sz;
				int error;

				error = 0;

				sc = calloc(1, sizeof(struct pci_nvme_softc));
				pi->pi_arg = sc;
				sc->nsc_pi = pi;

				error = pci_nvme_parse_opts(sc, opts);
				if (error < 0)
				goto done;
				else
				error = 0;

				sc->ioreqs = calloc(sc->ioslots, sizeof(struct pci_nvme_ioreq));
				for (int i = 0; i < sc->ioslots; i++) {
				if (i < (sc->ioslots-1))
				sc->ioreqs[i].next = &sc->ioreqs[i+1];
				pthread_mutex_init(&sc->ioreqs[i].mtx, NULL);
				pthread_cond_init(&sc->ioreqs[i].cv, NULL);
				}
				sc->ioreqs_free = sc->ioreqs;
				sc->intr_coales_aggr_thresh = 1;

				pci_set_cfgdata16(pi, PCIR_DEVICE, 0x0A0A);
				pci_set_cfgdata16(pi, PCIR_VENDOR, 0xFB5D);
				pci_set_cfgdata8(pi, PCIR_CLASS, PCIC_STORAGE);
				pci_set_cfgdata8(pi, PCIR_SUBCLASS, PCIS_STORAGE_NVM);
				pci_set_cfgdata8(pi, PCIR_PROGIF,
				PCIP_STORAGE_NVM_ENTERPRISE_NVMHCI_1_0);

				/* allocate size of nvme registers + doorbell space for all queues */
				pci_membar_sz = sizeof(struct nvme_registers) +
				2sizeof(uint32_t)(sc->max_queues);

				DPRINTF(("nvme membar size: %u\r\n", pci_membar_sz));

				error = pci_emul_alloc_bar(pi, 0, PCIBAR_MEM64, pci_membar_sz);
				if (error) {
				WPRINTF(("%s pci alloc mem bar failed\r\n", __func__));
				goto done;
				}

				error = pci_emul_add_msixcap(pi, sc->max_queues, NVME_MSIX_BAR);
				if (error) {
				WPRINTF(("%s pci add msixcap failed\r\n", __func__));
				goto done;
				}

				pthread_mutex_init(&sc->mtx, NULL);
				sem_init(&sc->iosemlock, 0, sc->ioslots);

				pci_nvme_reset(sc);
				pci_nvme_init_ctrldata(sc);
				pci_nvme_init_nsdata(sc);

				pci_lintr_request(pi);

				done:
				return (error);
				}


				struct pci_devemu pci_de_nvme = {
				.pe_emu = "nvme",
				.pe_init = pci_nvme_init,
				.pe_barwrite = pci_nvme_write,
				.pe_barread = pci_nvme_read
				};
				PCI_EMUL_SET(pci_de_nvme);