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xml:id="bsdinstall"> xml:id="bsdinstall">
<info> <info>
<title>Installing &os;&nbsp;9.<replaceable>X</replaceable> and <title>安裝 &os;&nbsp;9.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 和更新的版本</title>
Later</title>
<authorgroup> <authorgroup>
<author> <author>
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</info> </info>
<sect1 xml:id="bsdinstall-synopsis"> <sect1 xml:id="bsdinstall-synopsis">
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>概述</title>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>安裝</primary></indexterm>
<para>自從 &os;&nbsp;9.0-RELEASE開始, &os; 提供一個易用，文字介面的安裝程式
<application>bsdinstall</application>。
本章描述如何用 <application>bsdinstall</application>來安裝 &os;。使用的安裝程式<application>sysinstall</application>則在<xref linkend="install"/>說明。</para>
<para>Beginning with &os;&nbsp;9.0-RELEASE, &os; provides an easy <para>一般來說，本章所寫的安裝說明是針對&i386; 和 <acronym>AMD64</acronym> 架構。如果可以用於其他平台，將會列表說明。
to use, text-based installation 安裝程式和本章所敘述的內容可能會有些微差異，所以請將本章視為通用的指引，而不是完全照著來做。</para>
program named <application>bsdinstall</application>. This
chapter describes how to install &os; using
<application>bsdinstall</application>. The use of
<application>sysinstall</application>, which is the installation
program used by &os;&nbsp;8.x, is covered in <xref
linkend="install"/>.</para>
<para>In general, the installation instructions in this chapter
are written for the &i386; and <acronym>AMD64</acronym>
architectures. Where applicable, instructions specific to other
platforms will be listed. There may be minor differences
between the installer and what is shown here, so use this
chapter as a general guide rather than as a set of literal
instructions.</para>
<note> <note>
<para>Users who prefer to install &os; using a graphical <para>喜歡用圖形化安裝程式安裝 &os; 的使用者，
installer may be interested in 可能會對 <application>pc-sysinstall</application>有興趣，這是PC-BSD計畫所使用的。
<application>pc-sysinstall</application>, the installer used 他可以用來安裝圖形化桌面 (PC-BSD) 或是命令列版本的 &os;。
by the PC-BSD Project. It can be used to install either a 細節請參考 PC-BSD 使用者 Handbook (<link
graphical desktop (PC-BSD) or a command line version of &os;. xlink:href="http://wiki.pcbsd.org/index.php/PC-BSD%C2%AE_Users_Handbook/10.1">http://wiki.pcbsd.org/index.php/PC-BSD%C2%AE_Users_Handbook/10.1</link>)。</para>
Refer to the PC-BSD Users Handbook for details (<link
xlink:href="http://wiki.pcbsd.org/index.php/PC-BSD%C2%AE_Users_Handbook/10.1">http://wiki.pcbsd.org/index.php/PC-BSD%C2%AE_Users_Handbook/10.1</link>).</para>
</note> </note>
<para>After reading this chapter, you will know:</para> <para>讀完這章，您將了解：</para>
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>The minimum hardware requirements and &os; supported <para>最低的硬體需求和 &os; 支援的架構。</para>
architectures.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>How to create the &os; installation media.</para> <para>如何建立 &os; 的安裝媒體。</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<!-- WB: verify this, including GPT partition notation (ada0p2) <!-- WB: verify this, including GPT partition notation (ada0p2)
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</listitem> --> </listitem> -->
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>How to start <para>如何開始執行 <application>bsdinstall</application>。</para>
<application>bsdinstall</application>.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>The questions <application>bsdinstall</application> will <para><application>bsdinstall</application>會詢問的問題，問題代表的意思，以及如何回答。 </para>
ask, what they mean, and how to answer them.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>How to troubleshoot a failed installation.</para> <para>安裝失敗時如何做故障排除。</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>How to access a live version of &os; before committing <para>如何在正式安裝前使用 live 版本的 &os;。
to an installation.</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
<para>Before reading this chapter, you should:</para> <para>在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰</para>
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Read the supported hardware list that shipped with the <para>閱讀即將安裝的 &os; 版本所附帶的硬體支援清單，並核對系統的硬體是否有支援。
version of &os; to be installed and verify that the system's </para>
hardware is supported.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="bsdinstall-hardware"> <sect1 xml:id="bsdinstall-hardware">
<title>Minimum Hardware Requirements</title> <title>最低硬體需求</title>
<para>The hardware requirements to install &os; vary by the &os; <para>The hardware requirements to install &os; vary by the &os;
version and the hardware architecture. Hardware architectures version and the hardware architecture. Hardware architectures
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</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="bsdinstall-pre"> <sect1 xml:id="bsdinstall-pre">
<title>Pre-Installation Tasks</title> <title>安裝前的工作</title>
<para>Once it has been determined that the system meets the <para>Once it has been determined that the system meets the
minimum hardware requirements for installing &os;, the minimum hardware requirements for installing &os;, the
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<procedure> <procedure>
<step> <step>
<title>Back Up Important Data</title> <title>備份重要資料</title>
<para>Before installing any operating system, <para>Before installing any operating system,
<emphasis>always</emphasis> backup all important data first. <emphasis>always</emphasis> backup all important data first.
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</step> </step>
<step> <step>
<title>Collect Network Information</title> <title>收集網路資訊</title>
<para>Some &os; installation methods require a network <para>Some &os; installation methods require a network
connection in order to download the installation files. connection in order to download the installation files.
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provider:</para> provider:</para>
<orderedlist xml:id="bsdinstall-collect-network-information"> <orderedlist xml:id="bsdinstall-collect-network-information">
<title>Required Network Information</title> <title>需要的網路資訊</title>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para><acronym>IP</acronym> address</para> <para><acronym>IP</acronym> address</para>
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</step> </step>
<step> <step>
<title>Check for &os; Errata</title> <title>檢查 &os; 勘誤表</title>
<para>Although the &os;&nbsp;Project strives to ensure that <para>Although the &os;&nbsp;Project strives to ensure that
each release of &os; is as stable as possible, bugs each release of &os; is as stable as possible, bugs
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</procedure> </procedure>
<sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-installation-media"> <sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-installation-media">
<title>Prepare the Installation Media</title> <title>準備安裝的媒體</title>
<para>The &os; installer is not an application that can be run <para>The &os; installer is not an application that can be run
from within another operating system. Instead, download a from within another operating system. Instead, download a
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corrupt and should be downloaded again.</para> corrupt and should be downloaded again.</para>
<sect3 xml:id="bsdinstall-usb"> <sect3 xml:id="bsdinstall-usb">
<title>Writing an Image File to <acronym>USB</acronym></title> <title>將印象檔寫入<acronym>USB</acronym></title>
<para>The <filename>*.img</filename> file is an <para>The <filename>*.img</filename> file is an
<emphasis>image</emphasis> of the complete contents of a <emphasis>image</emphasis> of the complete contents of a
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</important> </important>
<procedure xml:id="bsdinstall-usb-dd"> <procedure xml:id="bsdinstall-usb-dd">
<title>Using <command>dd</command> to Write the <title>使用 <command>dd</command> 指令來寫入印象檔</title>
Image</title>
<warning> <warning>
<para>This example uses <filename>/dev/da0</filename> as <para>This example uses <filename>/dev/da0</filename> as
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</procedure> </procedure>
<procedure> <procedure>
<title>Using &windows; to Write the Image</title> <title>使用&windows; 來寫入映象檔</title>
<warning> <warning>
<para>Be sure to give the correct drive letter as the <para>Be sure to give the correct drive letter as the
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</warning> </warning>
<step> <step>
<title>Obtaining <application>Image Writer for <title>取得<application>Image Writer for
&windows;</application></title> &windows;</application></title>
<para><application>Image Writer for <para><application>Image Writer for
&windows;</application> is a free application that can &windows;</application> 是一個免費的應用程式，可以正確地將映像檔寫入隨身碟。
correctly write an image file to a memory stick. 從 <uri
Download it from <uri
xlink:href="https://launchpad.net/win32-image-writer/">https://launchpad.net/win32-image-writer/</uri> xlink:href="https://launchpad.net/win32-image-writer/">https://launchpad.net/win32-image-writer/</uri>
and extract it into a folder.</para> 下載，並解壓縮到一個資料夾。</para>
</step> </step>
<step> <step>
<title>Writing the Image with Image Writer</title> <title>用 Image Writer 寫入映象檔</title>
<para>Double-click the <para>雙擊 <application>Win32DiskImager</application> icon 啟動程式。 Verify that the drive letter shown under
<application>Win32DiskImager</application> icon to start
the program. Verify that the drive letter shown under
<computeroutput>Device</computeroutput> is the drive <computeroutput>Device</computeroutput> is the drive
with the memory stick. Click the folder icon and select with the memory stick. Click the folder icon and select
the image to be written to the memory stick. Click the image to be written to the memory stick. Click
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</sect2> </sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-view-probe"> <sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-view-probe">
<title>&os; Boot Menu</title> <title>&os; 開機選單</title>
<para>Once the system boots from the installation media, a menu <para>Once the system boots from the installation media, a menu
similar to the following will be displayed:</para> similar to the following will be displayed:</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-newboot-loader-menu"> <figure xml:id="bsdinstall-newboot-loader-menu">
<title>&os; Boot Loader Menu</title> <title>&os; 開機管理程式選單</title>
<mediaobject> <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imageobject>
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</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-boot-options-menu"> <figure xml:id="bsdinstall-boot-options-menu">
<title>&os; Boot Options Menu</title> <title>&os; 開機選項選單</title>
<mediaobject> <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imageobject>
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linkend="bsdinstall-choose-mode"/> will be displayed.</para> linkend="bsdinstall-choose-mode"/> will be displayed.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-choose-mode"> <figure xml:id="bsdinstall-choose-mode">
<title>Welcome Menu</title> <title>歡迎選單</title>
<mediaobject> <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imageobject>
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</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="using-bsdinstall"> <sect1 xml:id="using-bsdinstall">
<title>Using <application>bsdinstall</application></title> <title>使用 <application>bsdinstall</application></title>
<para>This section shows the order of the <para>This section shows the order of the
<application>bsdinstall</application> menus and the type of <application>bsdinstall</application> menus and the type of
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<keycap>Enter</keycap> to skip this menu screen.</para> <keycap>Enter</keycap> to skip this menu screen.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-config-keymap"> <figure xml:id="bsdinstall-config-keymap">
<title>Selecting Keyboard Menu</title> <title>選擇鍵盤選單</title>
<mediaobject> <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imageobject>
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</sect2> </sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-hostname"> <sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-hostname">
<title>Setting the Hostname</title> <title>設定主機名稱</title>
<para>The next <application>bsdinstall</application> menu is <para>The next <application>bsdinstall</application> menu is
used to set the hostname for the newly installed used to set the hostname for the newly installed
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system.</para> system.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-config-hostname"> <figure xml:id="bsdinstall-config-hostname">
<title>Setting the Hostname</title> <title>設定主機名稱</title>
<mediaobject> <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imageobject>
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</sect2> </sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-components"> <sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-components">
<title>Selecting Components to Install</title> <title>選擇要安裝的組件</title>
<para>Next, <application>bsdinstall</application> will prompt to <para>Next, <application>bsdinstall</application> will prompt to
select optional components to install.</para> select optional components to install.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-config-components"> <figure xml:id="bsdinstall-config-components">
<title>Selecting Components to Install</title> <title>選擇要安裝的組件</title>
<mediaobject> <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imageobject>
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</sect2> </sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-netinstall"> <sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-netinstall">
<title>Installing from the Network</title> <title>從網路安裝</title>
<para>The menu shown in <xref <para>The menu shown in <xref
linkend="bsdinstall-netinstall-notify"/> only appears when linkend="bsdinstall-netinstall-notify"/> only appears when
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configured.</para> configured.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-netinstall-notify"> <figure xml:id="bsdinstall-netinstall-notify">
<title>Installing from the Network</title> <title>從網路安裝</title>
<mediaobject> <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imageobject>
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reducing installation time.</para> reducing installation time.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-netinstall-mirror"> <figure xml:id="bsdinstall-netinstall-mirror">
<title>Choosing a Mirror</title> <title>選擇鏡像站</title>
<mediaobject> <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imageobject>
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</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="bsdinstall-partitioning"> <sect1 xml:id="bsdinstall-partitioning">
<title>Allocating Disk Space</title> <title>配置磁碟空間</title>
<para>The next menu is used to determine the method for <para>The next menu is used to determine the method for
allocating disk space. The options available in the menu allocating disk space. The options available in the menu
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</sect2> </sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-timezone"> <sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-timezone">
<title>Setting the Time Zone</title> <title>設定時區</title>
<para>The next menu asks if the system clock uses <para>The next menu asks if the system clock uses
<acronym>UTC</acronym> or local time. When in doubt, select <acronym>UTC</acronym> or local time. When in doubt, select
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vary according to the geographical location.</para> vary according to the geographical location.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-timezone-region"> <figure xml:id="bsdinstall-timezone-region">
<title>Select a Region</title> <title>選擇區域</title>
<mediaobject> <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imageobject>
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and then pressing <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para> and then pressing <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-timezone-country"> <figure xml:id="bsdinstall-timezone-country">
<title>Select a Country</title> <title>選擇國家</title>
<mediaobject> <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imageobject>
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press <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para> press <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-timezone-zone"> <figure xml:id="bsdinstall-timezone-zone">
<title>Select a Time Zone</title> <title>選擇時區</title>
<mediaobject> <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imageobject>
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</mediaobject> </mediaobject>
</figure> </figure>
<para>The appropriate time zone is selected using the arrow keys <para>使用方向鍵選擇適當的時區，並按下 <keycap>Enter</keycap>。</para>
and pressing <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-timezone-confirmation"> <figure xml:id="bsdinstall-timezone-confirmation">
<title>Confirm Time Zone</title> <title>確認時區</title>
<mediaobject> <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imageobject>
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</sect2> </sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-sysconf"> <sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-sysconf">
<title>Enabling Services</title> <title>開啟服務</title>
<para>The next menu is used to configure which system services <para>The next menu is used to configure which system services
will be started whenever the system boots. All of these will be started whenever the system boots. All of these
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</sect2> </sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-addusers"> <sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-addusers">
<title>Add Users</title> <title>加入使用者</title>
<para>The next menu prompts to create at least one user account. <para>The next menu prompts to create at least one user account.
It is recommended to login to the system using a user account It is recommended to login to the system using a user account
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users.</para> users.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-add-user1"> <figure xml:id="bsdinstall-add-user1">
<title>Add User Accounts</title> <title>加入使用者帳號</title>
<mediaobject> <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imageobject>
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class="username">asample</systemitem> user account.</para> class="username">asample</systemitem> user account.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-add-user2"> <figure xml:id="bsdinstall-add-user2">
<title>Enter User Information</title> <title>輸入使用者資訊</title>
<mediaobject> <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imageobject>
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to create the new user.</para> to create the new user.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-add-user3"> <figure xml:id="bsdinstall-add-user3">
<title>Exit User and Group Management</title> <title>離開使用者和群組管理</title>
<mediaobject> <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imageobject>
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</sect2> </sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-final-conf"> <sect2 xml:id="bsdinstall-final-conf">
<title>Final Configuration</title> <title>最後設定</title>
<para>After everything has been installed and configured, a <para>After everything has been installed and configured, a
final chance is provided to modify settings.</para> final chance is provided to modify settings.</para>
<figure xml:id="bsdinstall-final-config"> <figure xml:id="bsdinstall-final-config">
<title>Final Configuration</title> <title>最後設定</title>
<mediaobject> <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imageobject>
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</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="bsdinstall-install-trouble"> <sect1 xml:id="bsdinstall-install-trouble">
<title>Troubleshooting</title> <title>故障排除</title>
<indexterm> <indexterm>
<primary>installation</primary> <primary>installation</primary>
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</sect1> </sect1>
<sect1 xml:id="using-live-cd"> <sect1 xml:id="using-live-cd">
<title>Using the Live <acronym>CD</acronym></title> <title>使用 Live <acronym>CD</acronym></title>
<para>The welcome menu of <application>bsdinstall</application>, <para>The welcome menu of <application>bsdinstall</application>,
shown in <xref linkend="bsdinstall-choose-mode"/>, provides a shown in <xref linkend="bsdinstall-choose-mode"/>, provides a
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