diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.sgml
index 0a47a77442..fac0de747a 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.sgml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/multimedia/chapter.sgml
@@ -1,567 +1,577 @@
MosesMooreContributed by SoundSynopsisFreeBSD supports a wide variety of sound cards, allowing you
to enjoy high fidelity output from your computer. This includes
the ability to record and playback audio in the MPEG Audio Layer
3 (MP3), WAV, and Ogg Vorbis formats as well as many other
formats. The FreeBSD Ports Collection also contains
applications allowing you to edit your recorded audio, add sound
effects, and control attached MIDI devices.After reading this chapter you will know:How to locate your sound card.How to configure your system so that your sound card is
recognized.Methods to test that your card is working using
sample applications.How to troubleshoot your sound setup.How to playback and encode MP3s.How to rip CD audio tracks into data files.Before reading this chapter you should:Know how to configure and install a new kernel ().Locating the Correct DevicePCIISAsound cardsBefore you begin, you should know the model of the card you
have, the chip it uses, and whether it is a PCI or ISA card.
FreeBSD supports a wide variety of both PCI and ISA cards. If you
do not see your card in the following list, check the &man.pcm.4;
manual page. This is not a complete list; however, it does list
some of the most common cards.Crystal 4237, 4236, 4232, 4231Yamaha OPL-SAxOPTi931Ensoniq AudioPCI 1370/1371ESS Solo-1/1ENeoMagic 256AV/ZXSound Blaster Pro, 16, 32, AWE64, AWE128, LiveCreative ViBRA16Advanced Asound 100, 110, and Logic ALS120ES 1868, 1869, 1879, 1888Gravis UltraSoundAureal Vortex 1 or 2kernelconfigurationThe driver you use in your kernel depends on the kind of card
you have. The sections below provide more information and what
you will need to add to your kernel
configuration.Creative, Advance, and ESS Sound CardsIf you have one of the above cards, you will need to
add:device pcmto your kernel configuration file. If you have a PnP ISA
card, you will also need to add:device sbcFor a non-PnP ISA card, add:device pcm
device sbc0 at isa? port0x220 irq 5 drq 1 flags 0x15to your kernel configuration file. The settings shown
above are the defaults. You may need to change the IRQ or the
other settings to match your card. See the &man.sbc.4; manual
page for more information.The Sound Blaster Live is not supported under FreeBSD 4.0
without a patch, which this section will not cover. It is
recommended that you update to the latest -STABLE before
trying to use this card.Gravis UltraSound CardsFor a PnP ISA card, you will need to add:device pcm
device guscto your kernel configuration file. If you have a non-PnP ISA card, you will
need to add:device pcm
device gus0 at isa? port 0x220 irq 5 drq 1 flags 0x13to your kernel configuration file. You may need to change
the IRQ or the other settings to match your card. See the
&man.gusc.4; manual page for more information.Crystal Sound CardsFor Crystal cards, you will need to add:device pcm
device csato your kernel configuration file.Generic SupportFor PnP ISA or PCI cards, you will need to add:device pcmto your kernel configuration file. If you have a non-PnP ISA
sound card that does not have a bridge driver, you will need
to add:device pcm0 at isa? irq 10 drq 1 flags 0x0to your kernel configuration file. You may need to change
the IRQ or the other settings to match your card.
+
+
+ Onboard Sound
+
+ Some systems with built-in motherboard sound devices may
+ require the following option in your kernel
+ configuration:
+
+ options PNPBIOS
+ Recompiling the KernelAfter adding the driver(s) you need to your kernel
configuration file, you will need to recompile your kernel. Please see
of the handbook for
more information.Creating and Testing the Device Nodesdevice nodes
- After you reboot, log in and run cat
- /dev/sndstat. You should see output similar to the
- following:
+ After you reboot, log in and run dmesg | grep pcm as shown
+ below:
- FreeBSD Audio Driver (newpcm) Sep 21 2000 18:29:53
-Installed devices:
-pcm0: <Aureal Vortex 8830> at memory 0xfeb40000 irq 5 (4p/1r +channels duplex)
+ &prompt.root; dmesg | grep pcm
+pcm0: <SB16 DSP 4.11> on sbc0
- If you see an error message, something went wrong earlier. If
- that happens, go through your kernel configuration file again and
- make sure you chose the correct device.
+ The output from your system may look different. If no
+ pcm devices show up, something went wrong
+ earlier. If that happens, go through your kernel configuration
+ file again and make sure you chose the correct device. Consult
+ the troubleshooting section for additional options.
- If it reported no errors and returned
- pcm0, su to
- root and do the following:
+ If the previous command returned pcm0,
+ you will have to run the following as root:
- &prompt.root; cd /dev
-&prompt.root; sh MAKEDEV snd0
+ &prompt.root; cd /dev
+&prompt.root; sh MAKEDEV snd0
- If it reported no errors and returned
- pcm1, su to
- root and do the following:
+ If the command returned pcm1,
+ follow the same steps as shown above, replacing
+ snd0 with
+ snd1.
- &prompt.root; cd /dev
-&prompt.root; sh MAKEDEV snd1
+
+ The above commands will not create a
+ /dev/snd device!
+
- Please note that either of the above commands will
- not create a
- /dev/snd device! Instead it creates a
- group of device nodes including:
+ MAKEDEV will create a group of device
+ nodes, including:DeviceDescription/dev/audioSPARC-compatible audio device/dev/dspDigitized voice device/dev/dspWLike /dev/dsp, but 16 bits
per sample/dev/midiRaw midi access device/dev/mixerControl port mixer device/dev/musicLevel 2 sequencer interface/dev/sequencerSequencer device/dev/pssProgrammable device interfaceIf all goes well, you should now have a functioning sound
card. If you do not, read the next section.Common Problemsdevice nodeI get an unsupported subdevice XX error!One or more of the device nodes was not created
correctly. Repeat the steps above.I/O portI get a sb_dspwr(XX) timed out error!The I/O port is not set correctly.IRQI get a bad irq XX error!The IRQ is set incorrectly. Make sure that the set IRQ
and the sound IRQ are the same.I get a xxx: gus pcm not attached, out of
memory
error. What causes that?If this happens, it is because there is not enough
available memory to use the device.ChernLeeContributed by MP3 AudioMP3 (MPEG Layer 3 Audio) accomplishes near CD-quality sound,
leaving no reason to let your FreeBSD workstation fall short of
its offerings.MP3 PlayersBy far, the most popular XFree86 MP3 player is
XMMS (X Multimedia System). Winamp
skins can be used with XMMS since the
GUI is almost identical to that of Nullsoft Winamp's.
XMMS also has native plug-in
support.XMMS can be installed from the
audio/xmms port or package.XMMS' interface is intuitive, with
a playlist, graphic equalizer, and more. Those familiar with WinAmp
will find XMMS simple to use.The audio/mpg123 port is an alternative,
command-line MP3 player.mpg123 can be run by specifying the
sound device and the MP3 file on the command line, as shown below:&prompt.root; mpg123 -a /dev/dsp1.0 Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3
High Performance MPEG 1.0/2.0/2.5 Audio Player for Layer 1, 2 and 3.
Version 0.59r (1999/Jun/15). Written and copyrights by Michael Hipp.
Uses code from various people. See 'README' for more!
THIS SOFTWARE COMES WITH ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY! USE AT YOUR OWN RISK!
Playing MPEG stream from BT - Foobar-GreastHits.mp3 ...
MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo
/dev/dsp1.0 should be replaced with the
dsp device entry on your system.Ripping CD Audio TracksBefore encoding a CD or CD track to MP3, the audio data on
the CD must be ripped onto the hard drive. This is done by
copying the raw CDDA (CD Digital Audio) data to WAV
files.The cdda2wav tool, which is a part of the
sysutils/cdrtools suite, is used for ripping audio
information of CDs and the information associated with it.With the audio CD in the drive, the following command
can be issued (as root) to rip an entire
CD into individual (per track) WAV files:&prompt.root; cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -BThe
indicates the SCSI device 0,1,0, which
corresponds to the output of cdrecord
-scanbus.To rip individual tracks, make use of the
option as shown:&prompt.root; cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 7This example rips track seven of the audio CDROM. To rip a range
of tracks, for example, track one to seven, specify a range:&prompt.root; cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 1+7cdda2wav only supports SCSI
CDROM drives. For IDE drives, try out audio/cdd or
some of the various other utilities in the audio ports
collection.Encoding MP3sNowadays, the mp3 encoder of choice is
lame.
Lame can be found at
audio/lame in the ports tree.Using the ripped WAV files, the following command will
convert audio01.wav to
audio01.mp3:&prompt.root; lame -h -b 128 \
--tt "Foo Song Title" \
--ta "FooBar Artist" \
--tl "FooBar Album" \
--ty "2001" \
--tc "Ripped and encoded by Foo" \
--tg "Genre" \
audio01.wav audio01.mp3128 kbits seems to be the standard MP3 bitrate in use.
Many enjoy the higher quality 160, or 192. The higher the
bitrate, the more disk space the resulting MP3 will consume--but
the quality will be higher. The option
turns on the higher quality but a little slower
mode. The options beginning with indicate
ID3 tags, which usually contain song information, to be embedded
within the MP3 file. Additional encoding options can be found
by consulting the lame man page.Decoding MP3sIn order to burn an audio CD from MP3s, they must be converted
to a non-compressed WAV format. Both XMMS
and mpg123 support the output of MP3 to
an uncompressed file format.Writing to Disk in XMMS:Launch XMMS.Right-click on the window to bring up the
XMMS menu.Select Preference under
Options.Change the Output Plugin to Disk Writer
Plugin.Press Configure.Enter (or choose browse) a directory to write the
uncompressed files to.Load the MP3 file into XMMS
as usual, with volume at 100% and EQ settings turned
off.Press Play — XMMS
will appear as if it is playing the MP3, but no music will be heard. It
is actually playing the MP3 to a file.Be sure to set the default Output Plugin back to what it was before
in order to listen to MP3s again.Writing to stdout in mpg123:Run mpg123 -s audio01.mp3
> audio01.pcmXMMS writes a file in the WAV format, while
mpg123 converts the MP3 into raw PCM audio data.
Both of these formats can be used with cdrecord
or burncd to create audio CDROMs.Read for more information on using a
CD burner in FreeBSD.
diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/sound/chapter.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/sound/chapter.sgml
index 0a47a77442..fac0de747a 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/sound/chapter.sgml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/sound/chapter.sgml
@@ -1,567 +1,577 @@
MosesMooreContributed by SoundSynopsisFreeBSD supports a wide variety of sound cards, allowing you
to enjoy high fidelity output from your computer. This includes
the ability to record and playback audio in the MPEG Audio Layer
3 (MP3), WAV, and Ogg Vorbis formats as well as many other
formats. The FreeBSD Ports Collection also contains
applications allowing you to edit your recorded audio, add sound
effects, and control attached MIDI devices.After reading this chapter you will know:How to locate your sound card.How to configure your system so that your sound card is
recognized.Methods to test that your card is working using
sample applications.How to troubleshoot your sound setup.How to playback and encode MP3s.How to rip CD audio tracks into data files.Before reading this chapter you should:Know how to configure and install a new kernel ().Locating the Correct DevicePCIISAsound cardsBefore you begin, you should know the model of the card you
have, the chip it uses, and whether it is a PCI or ISA card.
FreeBSD supports a wide variety of both PCI and ISA cards. If you
do not see your card in the following list, check the &man.pcm.4;
manual page. This is not a complete list; however, it does list
some of the most common cards.Crystal 4237, 4236, 4232, 4231Yamaha OPL-SAxOPTi931Ensoniq AudioPCI 1370/1371ESS Solo-1/1ENeoMagic 256AV/ZXSound Blaster Pro, 16, 32, AWE64, AWE128, LiveCreative ViBRA16Advanced Asound 100, 110, and Logic ALS120ES 1868, 1869, 1879, 1888Gravis UltraSoundAureal Vortex 1 or 2kernelconfigurationThe driver you use in your kernel depends on the kind of card
you have. The sections below provide more information and what
you will need to add to your kernel
configuration.Creative, Advance, and ESS Sound CardsIf you have one of the above cards, you will need to
add:device pcmto your kernel configuration file. If you have a PnP ISA
card, you will also need to add:device sbcFor a non-PnP ISA card, add:device pcm
device sbc0 at isa? port0x220 irq 5 drq 1 flags 0x15to your kernel configuration file. The settings shown
above are the defaults. You may need to change the IRQ or the
other settings to match your card. See the &man.sbc.4; manual
page for more information.The Sound Blaster Live is not supported under FreeBSD 4.0
without a patch, which this section will not cover. It is
recommended that you update to the latest -STABLE before
trying to use this card.Gravis UltraSound CardsFor a PnP ISA card, you will need to add:device pcm
device guscto your kernel configuration file. If you have a non-PnP ISA card, you will
need to add:device pcm
device gus0 at isa? port 0x220 irq 5 drq 1 flags 0x13to your kernel configuration file. You may need to change
the IRQ or the other settings to match your card. See the
&man.gusc.4; manual page for more information.Crystal Sound CardsFor Crystal cards, you will need to add:device pcm
device csato your kernel configuration file.Generic SupportFor PnP ISA or PCI cards, you will need to add:device pcmto your kernel configuration file. If you have a non-PnP ISA
sound card that does not have a bridge driver, you will need
to add:device pcm0 at isa? irq 10 drq 1 flags 0x0to your kernel configuration file. You may need to change
the IRQ or the other settings to match your card.
+
+
+ Onboard Sound
+
+ Some systems with built-in motherboard sound devices may
+ require the following option in your kernel
+ configuration:
+
+ options PNPBIOS
+ Recompiling the KernelAfter adding the driver(s) you need to your kernel
configuration file, you will need to recompile your kernel. Please see
of the handbook for
more information.Creating and Testing the Device Nodesdevice nodes
- After you reboot, log in and run cat
- /dev/sndstat. You should see output similar to the
- following:
+ After you reboot, log in and run dmesg | grep pcm as shown
+ below:
- FreeBSD Audio Driver (newpcm) Sep 21 2000 18:29:53
-Installed devices:
-pcm0: <Aureal Vortex 8830> at memory 0xfeb40000 irq 5 (4p/1r +channels duplex)
+ &prompt.root; dmesg | grep pcm
+pcm0: <SB16 DSP 4.11> on sbc0
- If you see an error message, something went wrong earlier. If
- that happens, go through your kernel configuration file again and
- make sure you chose the correct device.
+ The output from your system may look different. If no
+ pcm devices show up, something went wrong
+ earlier. If that happens, go through your kernel configuration
+ file again and make sure you chose the correct device. Consult
+ the troubleshooting section for additional options.
- If it reported no errors and returned
- pcm0, su to
- root and do the following:
+ If the previous command returned pcm0,
+ you will have to run the following as root:
- &prompt.root; cd /dev
-&prompt.root; sh MAKEDEV snd0
+ &prompt.root; cd /dev
+&prompt.root; sh MAKEDEV snd0
- If it reported no errors and returned
- pcm1, su to
- root and do the following:
+ If the command returned pcm1,
+ follow the same steps as shown above, replacing
+ snd0 with
+ snd1.
- &prompt.root; cd /dev
-&prompt.root; sh MAKEDEV snd1
+
+ The above commands will not create a
+ /dev/snd device!
+
- Please note that either of the above commands will
- not create a
- /dev/snd device! Instead it creates a
- group of device nodes including:
+ MAKEDEV will create a group of device
+ nodes, including:DeviceDescription/dev/audioSPARC-compatible audio device/dev/dspDigitized voice device/dev/dspWLike /dev/dsp, but 16 bits
per sample/dev/midiRaw midi access device/dev/mixerControl port mixer device/dev/musicLevel 2 sequencer interface/dev/sequencerSequencer device/dev/pssProgrammable device interfaceIf all goes well, you should now have a functioning sound
card. If you do not, read the next section.Common Problemsdevice nodeI get an unsupported subdevice XX error!One or more of the device nodes was not created
correctly. Repeat the steps above.I/O portI get a sb_dspwr(XX) timed out error!The I/O port is not set correctly.IRQI get a bad irq XX error!The IRQ is set incorrectly. Make sure that the set IRQ
and the sound IRQ are the same.I get a xxx: gus pcm not attached, out of
memory
error. What causes that?If this happens, it is because there is not enough
available memory to use the device.ChernLeeContributed by MP3 AudioMP3 (MPEG Layer 3 Audio) accomplishes near CD-quality sound,
leaving no reason to let your FreeBSD workstation fall short of
its offerings.MP3 PlayersBy far, the most popular XFree86 MP3 player is
XMMS (X Multimedia System). Winamp
skins can be used with XMMS since the
GUI is almost identical to that of Nullsoft Winamp's.
XMMS also has native plug-in
support.XMMS can be installed from the
audio/xmms port or package.XMMS' interface is intuitive, with
a playlist, graphic equalizer, and more. Those familiar with WinAmp
will find XMMS simple to use.The audio/mpg123 port is an alternative,
command-line MP3 player.mpg123 can be run by specifying the
sound device and the MP3 file on the command line, as shown below:&prompt.root; mpg123 -a /dev/dsp1.0 Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3
High Performance MPEG 1.0/2.0/2.5 Audio Player for Layer 1, 2 and 3.
Version 0.59r (1999/Jun/15). Written and copyrights by Michael Hipp.
Uses code from various people. See 'README' for more!
THIS SOFTWARE COMES WITH ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY! USE AT YOUR OWN RISK!
Playing MPEG stream from BT - Foobar-GreastHits.mp3 ...
MPEG 1.0 layer III, 128 kbit/s, 44100 Hz joint-stereo
/dev/dsp1.0 should be replaced with the
dsp device entry on your system.Ripping CD Audio TracksBefore encoding a CD or CD track to MP3, the audio data on
the CD must be ripped onto the hard drive. This is done by
copying the raw CDDA (CD Digital Audio) data to WAV
files.The cdda2wav tool, which is a part of the
sysutils/cdrtools suite, is used for ripping audio
information of CDs and the information associated with it.With the audio CD in the drive, the following command
can be issued (as root) to rip an entire
CD into individual (per track) WAV files:&prompt.root; cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -BThe
indicates the SCSI device 0,1,0, which
corresponds to the output of cdrecord
-scanbus.To rip individual tracks, make use of the
option as shown:&prompt.root; cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 7This example rips track seven of the audio CDROM. To rip a range
of tracks, for example, track one to seven, specify a range:&prompt.root; cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 1+7cdda2wav only supports SCSI
CDROM drives. For IDE drives, try out audio/cdd or
some of the various other utilities in the audio ports
collection.Encoding MP3sNowadays, the mp3 encoder of choice is
lame.
Lame can be found at
audio/lame in the ports tree.Using the ripped WAV files, the following command will
convert audio01.wav to
audio01.mp3:&prompt.root; lame -h -b 128 \
--tt "Foo Song Title" \
--ta "FooBar Artist" \
--tl "FooBar Album" \
--ty "2001" \
--tc "Ripped and encoded by Foo" \
--tg "Genre" \
audio01.wav audio01.mp3128 kbits seems to be the standard MP3 bitrate in use.
Many enjoy the higher quality 160, or 192. The higher the
bitrate, the more disk space the resulting MP3 will consume--but
the quality will be higher. The option
turns on the higher quality but a little slower
mode. The options beginning with indicate
ID3 tags, which usually contain song information, to be embedded
within the MP3 file. Additional encoding options can be found
by consulting the lame man page.Decoding MP3sIn order to burn an audio CD from MP3s, they must be converted
to a non-compressed WAV format. Both XMMS
and mpg123 support the output of MP3 to
an uncompressed file format.Writing to Disk in XMMS:Launch XMMS.Right-click on the window to bring up the
XMMS menu.Select Preference under
Options.Change the Output Plugin to Disk Writer
Plugin.Press Configure.Enter (or choose browse) a directory to write the
uncompressed files to.Load the MP3 file into XMMS
as usual, with volume at 100% and EQ settings turned
off.Press Play — XMMS
will appear as if it is playing the MP3, but no music will be heard. It
is actually playing the MP3 to a file.Be sure to set the default Output Plugin back to what it was before
in order to listen to MP3s again.Writing to stdout in mpg123:Run mpg123 -s audio01.mp3
> audio01.pcmXMMS writes a file in the WAV format, while
mpg123 converts the MP3 into raw PCM audio data.
Both of these formats can be used with cdrecord
or burncd to create audio CDROMs.Read for more information on using a
CD burner in FreeBSD.