随着 BSD 项目 (DragonFlyBSD、 FreeBSD、 NetBSD， 以及 OpenBSD) 的不断成长， 关于它们的迷思也在逐渐增加。 这其中有一部分是由于人们的误解， 而另一些则是有人故意散布的谣言。
这一页将着力于冷静地拆穿这些迷思。
注意： 在这一页中， “*BSD” 是指全部四个 BSD 项目。 对于只针对某一计划的迷思， 则会单独说明。
如果您认为这页中存在错漏， 请与其维护人 Tom Rhodes <trhodes@FreeBSD.org> 联系。
Eric Raymond wrote an influential paper, ``The - Cathedral and the Bazaar'' in which the Linux development model - (and the model Eric used for fetchmail) is held up as an - example of how to do ``open'' development. By contrast, the model - employed by *BSD is often characterized as closed.
+在那篇名为 + 《大教堂与集市》的论文中，雷蒙德(Eric Raymond)以 Linux 的开发模式 + (他用来开发fetchmail) 的模式为例， + 说明了开源开发应当如何进行。 + 与此相对应，*BSD的开发模式一般被定性为封闭的。
-The implicit value judgment is that ``bazaar'' (open) is good, and - ``cathedral'' (closed) is bad.
+这里隐藏的价值判断是：“集市”（开源）开发模式是好的， + 而“大教堂”(封闭)开发模式是坏的。
-If anything, *BSD's development model is probably - more akin to the ``bazaar'' that Eric describes than - either Linux or fetchmail.
+事实上如果说有什么区别的话，*BSD的开发模式大概 + 更像描述的 Linux 或者 + fetchmail的开发模式。
-Consider the following;
+让我们考虑如下事实：
All the *BSD projects: The current, bleeding edge source - code for FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD is available for anyone to download - from the Internet, 24 hours a day. You don't need to wait for - someone else to roll a release.
+对于所有的 *BSD项目：当前， + FreeBSD, NetBSD,以及 OpenBSD 释出的源代码， + 任何人都可以24地从互联网上下载。 + 你无需等待他人的释出。
-FreeBSD, NetBSD: An installable snapshot of the current - progress is made every 24 hours. These snapshots can be installed - exactly like an ordinary release, and do not require installation - over an existing system.
+FreeBSD, NetBSD:每 24 + 小时制作一个可安装的项目当前进展的快照。这些快照就像正常的 + release版操作系统一样可以安装， + 并不需要安装在现有的系统上。
-OpenBSD: Installable snapshots are generated daily and if - Theo thinks they are good enough, he uploads them to the mirrors.
+OpenBSD:可安装的快照也是每天都产生的， + 并且如果Theo认为快照足够好的话，他会把它们上传到OpenBSD的镜像站点上。
-Contrast this with Linux, where new kernel distributions are - made available on an ad-hoc basis, and where the frequency of - each Linux distribution release is at the whim of the individual - vendor.
+与之不同的是： Linux 的新内核发布是随心所欲的， + Linux 的发行频率取决于不同发行版制造商心血来潮的行动。
-There's none of the Linux fanfare every time a new kernel is - released, simply because for most *BSD users it is an every day - event.
对于*BSD用户来说， + Linux 新内核的每次发布都是不值得宣传的， + 因为那是每天都在发生的事情。
-All the *BSD Projects use CVS to maintain their source code.
+所有的*BSD项目都使用CVS来管理他们的源代码。
-All the *BSD Projects: make a CVS tree available for anyone to - browse and download, 24 hours a day. The tree can be retrieved using - Anonymous CVS, CVSup, CVSupit, CTM (by e-mail), or through simple - FTP.
所有的*BSD项目：都制作了一棵CVS树， + 来让任何人24小时地浏览、下载。 + 我们可以使用匿名的CVS,CVSupip,CTM(通过电子邮件)， + 或者通过FTP,来检索源代码。
-Anyone can submit patches, bug reports, documentation, and - other contributions. They can do this by using the send-pr - program installed on their *BSD system, or by using a web based - interface.
+任何人都可以使用安装在他们*BSD系统上的名为 + send-pr程序，或者使用一个基于web + 的工具来提交补丁、错误报告、文档， + 或者做出其他的贡献。
Pointers to this system litter the documentation.
Not everyone can commit code changes to the *BSD code. You - need to be a committer first. Typically, people are offered - ``commit privs'' after they have made a few well-thought out - submissions to the project using send-pr or similar.
+当然并不是每个人都可以把他对*BSD源代码的修改写入 + CVS树的。为此你需要先成为committer。 + 一般来说，他们使用send-pr + 或者其他工具向项目做出了若干经过深思熟虑才产生的贡献，才能成为committer。
-This is identical to the Linux mechanism. Only one person is - (notionally) allowed to change the Kernel, Linus. But specific areas - (such as the networking code) are delegated to other people.
+与 Linux 的机制其实是一样的。 + 理论上说只有一个人允许改变内核---Linus。 + 只是对于一些特定领域比如网络部分的代码才委托给其他人。
-Aside: Nik (nik@FreeBSD.org) is a case in point. After making - several submissions to the FreeBSD Documentation Project and - web pages, he was offered ``commit privs'' so that he did not - have to keep bothering other committers to commit the changes. He - never had to ask for them, they were freely given.
另外：Nik (nik@FreeBSD.org) 是一个相关的例子。 + 当他对FreeBSD文档项目和网页做出了一定的贡献之后， + 虽然他从没有要求成为committer， + 他们大方地给与了该权限以免他老是麻烦别的 + committer来把那些变更写入CVS树。
You can. You just need to say in the documentation and source - files where the code is derived from. A bunch of derivative - projects exists:
+你可以的。 + 你只需在文档和源代码中说明代码源自何处。 + 有一系列派生项目存在着：
DragonflyBSD - started as a code fork from - FreeBSD 4.X, but it has since its own user community and - development goals.
TrustedBSD - provides a set of trusted operating system - extensions to the FreeBSD operating system, targeting the - Common Criteria for Information Technology Security - Evaluation (CC). This project is still under development, - and much of the code is destined to make its way back into - the base FreeBSD operating system, but the development - takes place separately.
FreeSBIE is - a complete desktop running off the CD-ROM. - It can also be installed, but extremely useful for diskless - computers.
Frenzy is - another live-CD distribution, but customized - for administering tasks. It contains software for hardware - tests, file system checks, security checks, network setup - and analysis.
FreeSBIE + 运行在CD-ROM上的完整的桌面操作系统, + 他也能被安装， + 但是对那些没有硬盘的计算机极其有用。
Frenzy + 另一个“生活” + （live-cd） + 发行版， + 只是为系统管理任务进行了定制。
PicoBSD - is a tailored distribution of FreeBSD that fits - on a floppy. It is great for turning diskless 386 PC into a - router or a network print server. It is a part of the FreeBSD - source tree, see /usr/src/release/picobsd.
NanoBSD is another - project to produce a reduced versions - of FreeBSD to put it on a Compact Flash card or other mass - storage. It is also a part of the FreeBSD source tree, see - /usr/src/tools/tools/nanobsd.
TinyBSD is - a set of tools made up of shell scripts - designed to allow easy development of Embedded Systems based - on FreeBSD 5.X and 6.X.
ThinBSD is a small - FreeBSD based boot image that allows a standard PC to act as - a diskless thin client for a Microsoft Windows RDP server or - an X terminal. It is entirely configured via DHCP.
PC-BSD is a desktop - oriented FreeBSD derivative. It is - intended to be easy to install and well-supported by its - community.
DesktopBSD is - another FreeBSD based operating system - customized for desktop usability.
NanoBSD + 又一个来自FreeBSD的项目， 它能对 FreeBSD 进行裁剪， + 以便放到闪存卡或者其他大容量存储器中。 + 它是 FreeBSD 源代码树的一部分， 参见 + /usr/src/tools/tools/nanobsd。
TinyBSD + shell脚本组成的工具包， + 以方便基于FreeBSD 5.x, + 6.x的嵌入式开发。
ThinBSD + 一个很小的基于FreeBSD的引导镜像， + 允许标准PC作为微软windows RDP server 或者X 终端的无盘瘦客户机。 + 它完全通过DHCP（动态主机配置协议）来配置。
PC-BSD + 继承自FreeBSD， + 面向桌面， + 它被社区设计成易于安装、受到较好的支持的操作操作系统
DesktopBSD + 另一个继承自FreeBSD, + 强调桌面易用性的操作系统。
Gentoo/FreeBSD - is an effort by the Gentoo Project to port their complete - administration facilities to take advantage of the reliable - FreeBSD kernel and userland. This project is purely - incomplete and experimental.
m0n0wall is - a FreeBSD based firewall system that has - many of the features of expensive firewalls like web - interface, reset to factory defaults, stateful packet - filtering, NAT/PAT redirection, DHCP client and server, - caching DNS forwarder and more.
The Whistle Interjet: A ``network appliance'' that acts as a - router, web server, mailhost (and other functionality), and can be - configured using a web browser. The underlying operating system is - FreeBSD, and Whistle have contributed many of their code - enhancements back to the FreeBSD project (while keeping enough of - them proprietary that they can stay in business).
m0n0wall + 一个基于FreeBSD的具有很多昂贵防火墙才具有的特性 + （比如web interface, reset to factorydefaults, + stateful packet filtering, NAT/PAT redirection, + DHCP client and server, cachingDNS forwarder and more） + 的防火墙系统。
pfSense 是一种派生自 m0n0wall + 的开源防火墙系统， 它完成了许多目标和特性， 例如 OpenBSD 的 Packet Filter (PF)、 + FreeBSD 6.1、 用于提供高性能数据包队列的 ALTQ 支持， + 以及一套集成的包管理系统， 用于为该环境扩展新的功能。
Whistle Interjet： 可以作为路由器、web服务器以其用途的网络工具， + 并且可以配置成一个web浏览器, + mailhost。它基于 + FreeBSD， + 并且在保持足够私有权以保持商业生存的条件下向 + FreeBSD项目回馈了大量增强代码。
Similarly to DragonflyBSD, OpenBSD was not a standalone project, - it started as a spinoff from the NetBSD project, and has since evolved - its own distinctive approach.
+与DragonflyBSD,相似 ，OpenBSD不是一个从新发起的项目， + 他源自NetBSD项目， + 并且自分化出来那一天就一直在沿着自己的路径在发展着。
*BSD makes a great server. It also makes a great desktop. Many of - the requirements for a server (responsiveness under load, stability, - effective use of system resources) are the same requirements as for a - desktop machine.
+*BSD 可以作为一个很棒的服务器，同样可以做为很优秀的桌面。 + 服务器必需要的很多东西（迅速响应用户请求，稳定性，系统资源的有效使用） + 对于一个桌面机器来说同样是需要的。
-*BSD has access to the same desktop tools (KDE, GNOME, Firefox, - windowmanagers) as Linux. And ``office'' applications such as - OpenOffice suite work under *BSD too.
+*BSD 可以像 Linux 那样使用相同的桌面工具，KDE,GNOME,火狐浏览器， + windowmanagers，以及 + OpenOffice套件等办公应用程序。
While the BSD codebase may be more than 20 years old, it is neither - outdated nor dying. Many professional users like the stability that years - of testing has provided FreeBSD.
+虽然BSD的codebase 已经20多年了，不过他既没有过时， + 更没有死去。 + 很多专业使用者喜爱FreeBSD提供的久经考验的稳定性。
-Technological enhancements continue to be added to *BSD, including, - but not limited to;
+技术方面的增强仍在不断地被加入到*BSD系统， + 这些包括但是不限于：
SMP: Symmetric Multi-Processing, making use of systems with - multiple CPUs.
SoftUpdates: Makes the BSD filesystem at least as fast as the - Linux filesystem, without needing to enable - asynchronous writes, with their associated risk.
VM system: The VM (Virtual Memory) subsystem continues to be - refined. The merged VM/cache design helps systems like - wcarchive.cdrom.com juggle thousands (literally, more than 10,000) - simultaneous FTP connections without falling over.
Architecture ports: FreeBSD supports seven main architectures - currently: Alpha, AMD64, i386, Itanium, PC-98, PowerPC and UltraSPARC. - There are also ongoing works to port the project for further - architectures. See the Supported Platforms page - for more information.
MAC Framework: FreeBSD supports Mandatory Access Control, a feature - usually found in trusted operating systems available for high - prices. FreeBSD gives you advanced security for free! The - TrustedBSD Project - provides further trusted operating system extensions.
SMP: 支持多CPU
SoftUpdates: 使得BSD的文件系统至少像 + Linux 的文件系统一样快， 却 无需 + 引入 “异步写” 以及与之相关的风险。
虚拟内存系统：虚拟内存子系统仍在改进。 + 整合的虚拟内存/缓存设计帮 + wcarchive.cdrom.com + 这样的系统承受住了成千上万个并发连接。
支持的平台： FreeBSD 当前主要支持七种平台： + Alpha、 AMD64、 i386、 安腾、 PC-98、 PowerPC 以及 UltraSPARC。 + 将该项目移植到其他平台的工作仍在进行中。参见支持的平台 + 获取更多信息。
MAC Framework: FreeBSD 支持强制访问控制， + 一般在昂贵的可信的操作系统才能见到的特性。 + FreeBSD为你免费提供高级安全。参见 + TrustedBSD 项目 + 提供了更进一步的可信扩展。
GEOM classess: GEOM is a modular disk framework that lets you concatenate, mirror, stripe, or encrypt disks. It is rich in functionality and keeps your data safe.
No. While occasional advocacy may get a touch heated, the *BSD flavors - continue to work with one another. FreeBSD's Alpha port was initially - heavily based on the work done by the NetBSD team. Both NetBSD and - OpenBSD used the FreeBSD ports collection to bootstrap their own port - sets. FreeBSD and NetBSD both integrate security fixes first discovered - by the OpenBSD team.
+不！除了各自的用户者偶尔的激烈的争论以外， + *BSD的开发者仍旧在彼此合作的工作着。 + 比如FreeBSD的alpha平台的移植最初就是高度基于NetBSD团队的工作的。 + NetBSD,OpenBSD都使用FreeBSD的ports来管理各自的移植软件库。 + FreeBSD，NetBSD都把OpenBSD + 团队的安全修正集成到自己的系统中了
-The FreeBSD and NetBSD projects separated more than ten years - ago. OpenBSD and DragonflyBSD are the only new BSD projects to - split off in the last ten years.
+FreeBSD和NetBSD“分家”十年多了， + OpenBSD与DragonflyBSD是过去 + 的十年中仅有的分化出来的项目。
-The *BSD projects cooperate in other areas as well. For example, the - monthly publication DaemonNews - is a collaborative effort by members of all four projects.
+*BSD诸项目在各个领域都合作的非常好。 + 比如，每月一次的出版物DaemonNews + 就是四大项目成员合作的成果。
The following URLs should disprove this;
+如下的网址给出了反证;
Note, that - freebsd-cluster - mailing list is available for further discussion about - clustering of FreeBSD.
+需要指出的是： + 如果要进行FreeBSD在集群方面的深入讨论， + 可以使用邮件列表 + freebsd-cluster 。
FreeBSD: The FreeBSD - Commercial Vendors Page lists companies that offer commercial - support for FreeBSD.
+FreeBSD:FreeBSD + Commercial Vendors Page 列出了给FreeBSD + 提供商业支持的公司
-The FreeBSD - Mall also offer commercial support, along with shirts, - hats, books, software, and promotional items.
+FreeBSD Mall + 也提供商业支持， + 诸如衬衫、帽子、书籍、软件，宣传等等。
-For training, one might try BSDMall.com, but they sell - other items too, like shirts, hats, books and software! Definitely worth a look.
+培训方面，你可以试试BSDMall.com, + 他们也卖其他的东西，比如衬衫、帽子、书籍、软件等等。相当值得一看。
-OpenBSD: The OpenBSD Commercial - Consulting Page lists companies that offer commercial support for - OpenBSD.
+OpenBSD: OpenBSD Commercial + Consulting Page 列出了给OpenBSD提供商业支持的公司 +
The free software community started running on predominantly BSD - systems (SunOS and similar). *BSD users can generally compile software - written for these systems without needing to make any changes.
+自由软件都可以在SunOS以及类似的主流的BSD上系统运行。 + *BSD用户一般情况下可以无需作任何修改即可编译那些为其他类 + unix系统编写的软件。
-In addition, each *BSD project uses a ``ports'' system to make the - building of ported software much easier.
+另外，每一个BSD项目都使用ports系统来管理软件， + 使得编译移植软件库中软件极其简单。
-FreeBSD: There are currently more than 13,000 - applications ready to download and install in the FreeBSD ports - collection. On i386, AMD64 and Alpha, the Linux emulation layer will - also run the vast majority of Linux applications. On the AMD64 and Itanium - architectures there is a compatibility layer to run 32-bit FreeBSD binaries.
+FreeBSD: 当前移植软件库中有13000多个应用程序可以下载和安装。 + 在 i386 和 AMD64 平台上， + 提供了 Linux 模拟层能够运行绝大多数 Linux 应用软件。 + 而在 AMD64 和 安腾(Itanium) 平台上， + 则提供了用于运行 32 位 FreeBSD 二进制程序的兼容层。
-NetBSD: The Linux emulation layer will run the vast majority of - i386 Linux applications, and the majority of SunOS4 applications can be - run on a SPARCStation.
+NetBSD: Linux 模拟层可以运行大部分 + i386平台 Linux 的应用程序， + 并且大部分SunOS4应用程序能在SPARC工作站上运行。
-OpenBSD: There are currently slightly more than 400 applications - ready to download and install in the OpenBSD ports collection. The Linux - emulation layer will also run the vast majority of i386 Linux - applications, and the majority of SunOS4 applications can be run on a - SPARCStation.
+OpenBSD: 当前移植软件库中大概有400多应用程序可以下载与使用。 + Linux 模拟层运行大部分 + i386平台的 Linux 程序大部分 + SunOS4应用程序能在 + SPARC工作站上运行。
-Both NetBSD and OpenBSD are able to use applications in FreeBSD's ports - collection with minimal effort. Their lower number of ported - applications reflects this.
+用户只需很少的努力， + NetBSD与OpenBSD就能够运行FreeBSD的移植软件库的程序。 + 他们很少的移植程序也说明了这一点。
-It is true that most companies when porting to PC Unix will choose Linux - first. Fortunately, *BSD's Linux emulation layer will run these - programs (Acrobat, StarOffice, Mathematica, WordPerfect, Quake, Intel - ICC compiler, Compaq's Alpha compiler ...) - with few, if any, problems.
+大部分公司把它们的工作迁移到PC Unix平台时最先选择 Linux， + 这是事实。 幸运地是， BSD 的 Linux 模拟层能够运行这些程序 + （Acrobat, StarOffice,Mathematica, WordPerfect, Quake, + Intel ICC compiler, Compaq's Alpha compiler ...） + 即使出了问题，也容易解决。
-As a historical note, the first version of Netscape Navigator that ran - on FreeBSD with Java support was the Linux version. Now you can - also use a native FreeBSD version of Mozilla with a native Java - plugin, all compiled conveniently from the ports!
+作为一个有历史意义的注记： 带有 Java 支持的第一版 + Netscape Navigator是 Linux 版的。 + 不过，现在你可以使用带有本地版 Java 插件的本地版 Mozilla 的， + 那都可以很方便地从移植软件库编译！
This is user opinion only.
+这仅是用户的观点。
This is user opinion only.
+这仅是用户的观点。
Members of the FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD projects have contributed - to this page;
+FreeBSD, NetBSD, 以及 OpenBSD + 项目的一些成员对该文有所贡献；
| Nik Clayton <nik@FreeBSD.org> | Jordan Hubbard <jkh@FreeBSD.org> |
| Ian F. Darwin <ian@DarwinSys.com> | +|
| Adrian Filipi-Martin <adrian@ubergeeks.com> | |
| Tom Rhodes <trhodes@FreeBSD.org> |