java/openjdk*: work around UB in markOopDesc, fix builds with clang 13

During an exp-run for llvm 13 (see bug 258209), it turned out that
java/openjdk11 through openjdk13 fail to build with clang 13:

Output from failing command(s) repeated here

• For target jdk__packages_attribute.done:

These crashes are all caused by the markOop/markOopDesc classes, which
are used to keep track of objects, and which are 'marked' using the low
few bits. (See
https://github.com/openjdk/jdk13u/blob/master/src/hotspot/share/oops/markOop.hpp
).

After some laborious bisecting, I found out that these crashes start
occuring after the upstream commit https://github.com
/llvm/llvm-project/commit/16d03818412 (Return "[CGCall] Annotate this
argument with alignment").

What happens afterwards, is that clang considers the "this" pointer to
always be aligned to the alignment of the actual object, and then
masking or adding a few low bits is not working as expected.

The reason openjdk14 and higher work fine with clang 13, and don't crash
similarly, is that the OpenJDK people completely redid the
markOop/markOopDesc classes in
https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/commit/ae5615c6142a4dc0d9033462f4880d7b3c127e26
("8229258: Rework markOop and markOopDesc into a simpler mark word value
carrier"). E.g, the markOopDesc class was renamed to markWord, and
*stores* a pointer-like value instead of *being* a pointer-like value.
This is a much safer way of handling things.

However, this upstream commit is *very* large, as are a few of its
follow-ups, which is probably the reason why it has not been backported
to JDKs <= 13. I tried manually backporting it, but got lost in many
nasty patch conflicts and problems.

As a workaround, build openjdk8 through 13 with clang12 from the
devel/llvm12 port, for the time being.

In addition, allow openjdk14 through 17 to be built with clang 13, by
adding -Wno-unused-but-set-parameter to the compilation flags.

PR: 258954
Approved by: maintainer timeout (2 weeks)
MFH: 2021Q4