www/gitlab-ce: fix devel/rubygem-sprockets3 upgrade to 3.7.3

fixes a regression from
af60e439bb936b93a597c3bb122600eadf96400e

gitlab applies a patch to sprockets3 to apply a thread safe fix:
https://github.com/rails/sprockets/pull/759

So modified the patch to work also with version 3.7.3 as regarding
the changelog, this patch will not be merged back into version 3
of sprocket:
https://github.com/rails/sprockets/pull/759#issuecomment-1252274619

It looks like gitlab project will maybe port to another module:
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/373997#note_1360248557
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/373997#note_1785295197