Index: zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/book.xml =================================================================== --- zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/book.xml +++ zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/book.xml @@ -241,6 +241,7 @@ + @@ -282,6 +283,7 @@ + @@ -342,6 +344,7 @@ + @@ -414,6 +417,7 @@ + @@ -494,6 +498,7 @@ + @@ -2255,7 +2260,7 @@ - 預設閘道器 IP 位址 + 預設通訊閘 IP 位址 @@ -3250,7 +3255,7 @@ - 預設路由器 (Default Router) - IP 位址所在網段的預設閘道器。 + 預設路由器 (Default Router) - IP 位址所在網段的預設通訊閘。 @@ -3298,7 +3303,7 @@ - 預設路由器 (Default Router) - IPv6 位址所在網段的預設閘道器。 + 預設路由器 (Default Router) - IPv6 位址所在網段的預設通訊閘。 @@ -4856,7 +4861,7 @@ /etc/mail/ - MTA (Mail Transport Agent) 的相關設定檔，像是 sendmail8。 + 郵件傳輸代理程式，像是 sendmail8 的相關設定檔。 @@ -5956,7 +5961,7 @@ ports 套件 - FreeBSD 已內建豐富的系統工具，此外 FreeBSD 提供了 2 種安裝第三方軟體的套件管理技術︰由原始碼安的 FreeBSD Port 套件集，以及由預先編譯好的 Binary 安裝的 Binary 套件集。 無論要用哪一種方式，都可由本地的媒體或網路來安裝軟體。 + FreeBSD 內建豐富的系統工具集，此外 FreeBSD 提供了兩種安裝第三方軟體的套件管理技術︰由原始碼安裝的 FreeBSD Port 套件集，以及由預先編譯好的 Binary 安裝的 Binary 套件集。兩種方法都可使用本地的媒體或網路來安裝軟體。 讀完這章，您將了解︰ @@ -5998,7 +6003,7 @@ - 解壓縮軟體。 發佈的格式通常會使用 tarball 並以 compress1, gzip1 或 bzip21 壓縮。 + 自發佈的格式解壓縮軟體。 發佈的格式通常為 tarball 並以程式壓縮，如 compress1, gzip1, bzip21 或 xz1。 @@ -6014,18 +6019,20 @@ - 如果軟體套件未被特意移植到 FreeBSD 或測試是否可運作。 那可能需要修改一下該軟體的原始碼才能正常使用。 在搛寫此篇文章時候， 已經有超過 24,000 個第三方應用程式已經被移植到 FreeBSD。 + FreeBSD Port 是指設計用來自動化從原始碼編譯應用程式整個程序的一系列檔案，組成 Port 的檔案包含了自動下載、解壓縮、修補、編譯與安裝應用程式的必要資訊。 - FreeBSD Binary 套件中包含了應用程式預先編譯好的指令、設定檔及文件。 套件可以使用 pkg 指令來管理，如 pkg install。 + 若軟體尚未被 FreeBSD 採用並測試，可能會需要經過一些修正才能正常安裝並執行。 - FreeBSD Port 套件則包含了已設計好從原始碼編譯成應用程式的自動化程序。 Port 套件中的檔案包含自動下載、解壓縮、修補、編譯及安裝應用程式流程中所有需要的資訊。 + 雖然如此，目前已有超過 24,000 個第三方應用程式已經被移植到 FreeBSD。當可行時，這些應用程式也會做成預先編譯好的 套件 (Package) 供下載。 - Port 系統可以透過 FreeBSD 套件管理指令來產生套件。 + 這些 Binary 套件可使用 FreeBSD 套件管理指令來管理。 - 不論是 Binary 套件或者 Port 套件都有相依的功能，若以 Binary 或 Port 套件安裝應用程式，且該應用程式有相依的程式庫尚未被安裝，則會自動先安裝該程式庫。 + 不論是 Binary 套件或者 Port 都有相依性，若用 Binary 套件或 Port 來安裝應用程式，且該應用程式若有相依的程式庫尚未被安裝，則會自動先安裝該程式庫。 - 雖然兩種技術非常相似，但 Binary 套件及 Port 套件有各自的優點。 要視您要安裝的應用程式需求來選擇。 + FreeBSD Binary 套件中含有一個應用程式中所有預先編譯好的指令、設定檔以及文件，Binary 套件可以使用 pkg8 指令來管理，如 pkg install。 + 雖然兩種技術非常相似，但 Binary 套件及 Port 有各自的優點。 要視您要安裝的應用程式需求來選擇。 + Binary 套件優點 @@ -6191,26 +6198,35 @@ pkg 是新一代套件管理工具用來取代舊版工具，提供許多功能讓處理 Binary 套件更快更簡單。 - pkg 並不是用來取代 Port 管理工具如 ports-mgmt/portmaster 或 ports-mgmt/portupgrade，這些工具可用來安裝來自 Binary 與 Port 套件集的第三方軟體，而 pkg 僅能安裝 Binary 套件。 + 對於只想要使用在 FreeBSD 鏡像站上預先編譯 Binary 套件的站台，使用 pkg 管理套件便已足夠。 + 但是，對於那些想要從原始碼或使用自己的檔案庫編譯的站台，則會需要 Port 管理工具。 + + 因為 pkg 僅能管理 Binary 套件，所以不能當做為替代 Port 管理工具，這些工具可用來安裝來自 Binary 與 Port 套件集的軟體，而 pkg 僅能安裝 Binary 套件。 + 開始使用 <application>pkg</application> - FreeBSD 內建啟動 (Bootstrap) 工具可用來下載並安裝 pkg 及其操作手冊。 + FreeBSD 內建啟動 (Bootstrap) 工具可用來下載並安裝 pkg 及其操作手冊。這個工具是設計在 FreeBSD 版本 10.X 之後使用。 - 要啟動(Bootstrap)系統請執行： + + 不是所有 FreeBSD 版本及架構支援此啟動程序，目前支援的清單列於 ，對不支援的版本，必須改透過 Port 套件集或者 Binary 套件來安裝 pkg。 + + + 要啟動 (Bootstrap) 系統請執行： + # /usr/sbin/pkg - 對較舊的 FreeBSD 版本，pkg 必須改透過 Port 套件集或者 Binary 套件來安裝。 + 您必須有網際網路連線供啟動程式使用。 - 要安裝 Port 套件，請執行： + 否則，要安裝 Port 套件，則須執行： # cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg # make # make install clean - 當升級原使用舊版套件系統的既有系統時，必須將資料庫轉換成新的格式，因此新的工具才會知道有那些已安裝過的套件。一旦 pkg 已安裝，必須執行以下指令將套件資料庫從舊版格式轉換到新版格式： + 當升級原使用舊版 pkg_* 工具的既有系統時，必須將資料庫轉換成新的格式，如此新的工具才會知道有那些已安裝過的套件。pkg 安裝完後，必須執行以下指令將套件資料庫從舊版格式轉換到新版格式： # pkg2ng @@ -6221,15 +6237,14 @@ - 套件資料庫轉換的過程可能會因內容轉換為新版本產生錯誤。通常，這些錯誤皆可安全忽略，雖然如此，仍然有在執行 pkg2ng 後無法成功轉換的第三方軟體清單，這些應用程式則必須手動重新安裝。 + 套件資料庫轉換的過程可能會因內容轉換為新版本產生錯誤。通常，這些錯誤皆可安全忽略，即使如此，仍然有在執行 pkg2ng 後無法成功轉換的軟體清單，這些應用程式則必須手動重新安裝。 - 為了確保 FreeBSD Port 套件集會將新軟體的資訊註冊到 pkg 而非舊版套件格式，FreeBSD 版本 10.X 之前需要在 /etc/make.conf 加入此行： + 為了確保 FreeBSD Port 套件集會將新軟體的資訊註冊到 pkg 而非舊版套件資料庫，FreeBSD 版本 10.X 之前需要在 /etc/make.conf 加入此行： WITH_PKGNG= yes - 預設 pkg 會使用 FreeBSD 套件鏡像站。若要取得有關編譯自訂套件檔案庫的資訊，請參考 - + 預設 pkg 會使用 FreeBSD 套件鏡像站 (Repository) 的 Binary 套件。若要取得有關編譯自訂套件檔案庫的資訊，請參考 。 其他 pkg 設定選項說明請參考 pkg.conf5。 @@ -6319,7 +6334,7 @@ 稽查已安裝套件 - 偶爾可能會在第三方的應用程式中發現軟體漏洞，要找出這些程式，可使用 pkg 內建的稽查機制。要查詢已安裝在系統上的軟體是否有任何已知的漏洞可執行： + 在第三方的應用程式中偶爾可能會發現軟體漏洞，要找出這些程式，可使用 pkg 內建的稽查機制。要查詢已安裝在系統上的軟體是否有任何已知的漏洞可執行： # pkg audit -F @@ -6401,8 +6416,12 @@ 使用 Port 套件集 - Port 套件集是指一系列儲存在 /usr/ports 的 Makefiles、修補及描述檔，這一系列檔案用來編譯與安裝在 FreeBSD 上的應用程式。在使用 Port 安裝應用程式前，必須先安裝 Port 套件集，若未在安裝 FreeBSD 的過程式中安裝，可使用下列其中一種方法來安裝： + Port 套件集是指一數個 Makefiles、修補及描述檔案，每一組這些檔案可用來編譯與安裝在 FreeBSD 上的一個應用程式，即稱為一個 Port。 + 預設，Port 套件集儲存在 /usr/ports 的子目錄下。 + + 在應用程式可以使用 Port 編譯之前，必須先安裝 Port 套件集。若在安裝 FreeBSD 時沒有安裝，可以使用以下其中一種方式安裝： + Portsnap 方法 @@ -6462,7 +6481,7 @@ - Port 套件集會安裝一系列代表軟體分類的目錄，每個分類底下的子目錄代表每隻應用程式。 這些子目錄又稱做 Port Skeleton，裡面檔案是用來告訴 FreeBSD 如何編譯與安裝該程式，每個 Port Skeleton 會含有以下檔案及目錄： + Port 套件集中含有代表不同軟體分類的目錄，每個分類底下的子目錄代表每個應用程式，每個內含數個用來告訴 FreeBSD 如何編譯與安裝該程式檔案的應用程式子目錄即稱作 Port Skeleton，每個 Port Skeleton 會含有以下檔案及目錄： @@ -6642,8 +6661,21 @@ 在嘗試升級之前，請先從檔首閱讀 /usr/ports/UPDATING 來取得最近有那些 Port 已升級或系統已安裝。這個檔案中會說明各種問題及在升級 Port 時可能會需要使用者執行的額外步驟，例如檔案格式更改、設定檔位置更改、或任何與先前版本不相容的問題。留意那些與您要升級 Port 相關的指示，並依照這些指示執行升級。 - 要執行實際的升級，可使用 Portmaster 或 Portupgrade。 + + 升級與管理 Port 的工具 + ports upgrading-tools + + Port 套件集含有數個工具可以進行升級，每一種工具都有其優點及缺點。 + + 以往大多 Port 安裝會使用 Portmaster 或 Portupgrade，現在有較新的 Synth 可使用。 + + + 那一種工具對特定系統是最佳的選擇取決於系統管理員。建議在使用任何這些工具之前先備份資料。 + + + + 使用 <application>Portmaster</application> 升級 Port @@ -6651,7 +6683,7 @@ portmaster - ports-mgmt/portmaster 是可用來升級已安裝 Port 的小巧工具，它可不需要相依其他 Port 或資料庫便可在 FreeBSD 使用，要使用 Port 安裝此工具可： + ports-mgmt/portmaster 是可用來升級已安裝 Port 的小巧工具，它只使用了隨 FreeBSD 基礎系統安裝的工具，不需要相依其他 Port 或資料庫便可在 FreeBSD 使用，要使用 Port 安裝此工具可： # cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmaster # make install clean @@ -6715,6 +6747,8 @@ Portmaster 也可用來安裝新的 Port 到系統，在編譯及安裝新 Port 前升級所有相依模組。要使用這個功能，要指定 Port 位於 Port 套件集中的位置： # portmaster shells/bash + + 更多有關 ports-mgmt/portmaster 的資訊可至其 pkg-descr 取得。 @@ -6724,7 +6758,7 @@ portupgrade - 另一個可以用來升級 Port 的工具是 Portupgrade，可在 ports-mgmt/portupgrade 取得套件或 Port，此工具會安裝一套可以用來管理 Port 的應用程式，但是它需要相依 Ruby。要安裝該 Port： + ports-mgmt/portupgrade 是另一個可以用來升級 Port 的工具，此工具會安裝一套可以用來管理 Port 的應用程式，它需要相依 Ruby。要安裝該 Port： # cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portupgrade # make install clean @@ -6744,7 +6778,10 @@ # portupgrade -PP gnome3 若只想要下載 Port distfiles 或套件，使用 參數。若不要編譯或安裝任何東西，使用 。請參考 portupgrade 的操作手冊來取得所有可用選項的更多資訊。 + + 更多有關 ports-mgmt/portupgrade 的資訊可至其 pkg-descr 取得。 + @@ -6759,11 +6796,11 @@ # portsclean -C - 除此之外，許多過時的原始碼發行檔案會儲存在 /usr/ports/distfiles。若有安裝 Portupgrade，此指令將會刪除所有不再被任何 Port 所引用的 distfiles： + 除此之外，許多過時的原始碼發行檔案會儲存在 /usr/ports/distfiles。使用 Portupgrade 刪除所有不再被任何 Port 所引用的 distfiles： # portsclean -D - 要使用 Portupgrade 來移除所有未被任何安裝在系統上的 Port 所引用的 distfiles： + Portupgrade 可以移除所有未被任何安裝在系統上的 Port 所引用的 distfiles： # portsclean -DD @@ -6771,9 +6808,9 @@ # portmaster --clean-distfiles - 預設這個指令會互動的方式詢問使用者確認是否要刪除 distfile。 + 預設，若 distfile 應要被刪除，這個指令會以互動的方式向使用者確認。 - 除了以上指令外，ports-mgmt/pkg_cutleaves 套件或 Port 可自動移除不再需要使用的 Port。 + 除了以上指令外，ports-mgmt/pkg_cutleaves 可自動移除不再需要使用的 Port。 @@ -6786,7 +6823,7 @@ 雖然在系統上執行 poudriere 並不一定要使用 ZFS，但使用了是有幫助的。當使用了 ZFS，則必須在 /usr/local/etc/poudriere.conf 指定 ZPOOL 以及 FREEBSD_HOST 應設定到一個最近的鏡像站。定義 CCACHE_DIR 可開啟使用 devel/ccache 快取的功能來快取編譯結果並減少那些需時常編譯的程式碼的編譯次數。將 poudriere 資料集放到一個獨立的目錄並掛載到 /poudriere 可能會比較方便，其他設定項目採用預設值便足夠。 - 偵測到的處理器數量可用來定義要同時執行多少個編譯。並請給予足夠的虛擬記憶體，不論是 RAM 或交換空間，若虛擬記憶體不足，編譯 Jail 將會停止並被清除，可能會造成奇怪的錯誤訊息。 + 偵測到的處理器數量可用來定義要同時執行多少個編譯。並給予足夠的虛擬記憶體，不論是 RAM 或交換空間，若虛擬記憶體不足，編譯 Jail 的動作將會停止並被清除，會造成奇怪的錯誤訊息。 初始化 Jail 與 Port 樹 @@ -6859,9 +6896,9 @@ # poudriere bulk -j 10amd64 -p local -z workstation -f 10amd64-local-workstation-pkglist - Ctrlt 可以顯示目前編譯的狀態，Poudriere 也會編譯在 /poudriere/logs/bulk/jailname 中的檔案，可用在網頁伺服器來顯示編譯資訊。 + 在執行時，按下 Ctrlt 可以顯示目前編譯的狀態，Poudriere 也會編譯在 /poudriere/logs/bulk/jailname 中的檔案，可用在網頁伺服器來顯示編譯資訊。 - 套件現在可以從 poudriere 檔案庫來安裝。 + 完成之後，新套件現在可以從 poudriere 檔案庫來安裝。 要取得更多使用 poudriere 的資訊，請參考 poudriere8 及主網站 。 @@ -6874,7 +6911,7 @@ enabled: no } - 通常最簡單要提供 poudriere 給客戶端的方式是透過 HTTP。安裝一個網頁伺服器來提供套件目錄，通常會像：/usr/local/poudriere/data/packages/10amd64，其中 10amd64 是編譯的名稱。 + 通常最簡單要提供 poudriere 檔案庫給客戶端的方式是透過 HTTP。安裝一個網頁伺服器來提供套件目錄，通常會像：/usr/local/poudriere/data/packages/10amd64，其中 10amd64 是編譯的名稱。 若要連往套件檔案庫的 URL 是：http://pkg.example.com/10amd64，則在 /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/custom.conf 的檔案庫設定檔為： @@ -6892,7 +6929,7 @@ - 大部份應用程式安裝會在 /usr/local/etc 安裝至少一個預設的設定檔，在應用程式有大量設定檔的情況會建立一個子目錄來存放這些設定檔。範例的設定檔名通常會使用 .sample 結尾，應要檢查這些檔案的內容，並可能要做一些編輯讓設定檔符合系統的需求，要編輯設定檔範本前需先複製該檔案並去除 .sample 副檔名。 + 大部份應用程式安裝會在 /usr/local/etc 安裝至少一個預設的設定檔，若應用程式有大量設定檔的時則會建立一個子目錄來存放這些設定檔。範例的設定檔案名稱通常使用 .sample 結尾，設定檔應要仔細查看並可能要做一些編輯讓設定檔符合系統的需求，要編輯設定檔範本前需先複製該檔案並去除 .sample 副檔名。 @@ -6901,6 +6938,11 @@ 部份應用程式會以服務的方式執行，在啟動應用程式前前需要加入設定到 /etc/rc.conf。這些應用程式通常會安裝啟動 Script 到 /usr/local/etc/rc.d，請參考 啟動服務 來取得更多資訊。 + + + 依設計，應用程式不會在安裝時執行其啟動 Script，也不會在解除安裝或升級時執行其中止 Script，這留給各系統的管理者去做決定。 + + @@ -6927,9 +6969,9 @@ 尋求維護人員的協助，在 Port Skeleton 目錄中輸入 make maintainer 或閱讀 Port 的 Makefile 來取得維護人員的電子郵件位址。寄給維護人員的郵件內容請記得要包含 Port 的 Makefile 中的 $FreeBSD: 一整行及輸出的錯誤訊息。 - 有一些 Port 並非由個人維護，而是由 郵遞論壇 維護，只要郵件地址長的像 freebsd-listname@FreeBSD.org 都是，寄信時記得代入實際的論壇名稱。 + 有一些 Port 並非由個人維護，而是由 郵遞論壇 維護，有許多，但並非全部，只要郵件地址長的像 freebsd-listname@FreeBSD.org 都是，寄信時記得代入實際的論壇名稱。 - 尤其是顯示 ports@FreeBSD.org 的 Port 都不是由特定個人維護，該 Port 的修正與支援來自訂閱該郵遞論壇的一般社群所提供，我們非常歡迎志工參與。 + 尤其是由 ports@FreeBSD.org 所維護的 Port 都不是由特定個人維護，而該 Port 的修正與支援都是來自訂閱該郵遞論壇的一般社群所提供，我們隨時歡迎志工參與! 若寄信後沒有取得任何回應，可以依照 撰寫 FreeBSD 問題回報 的說明使用 Bugzilla 提出問題回報。 @@ -6977,7 +7019,7 @@ 使用 bsdinstall 安裝 FreeBSD 並不會自動安裝圖型化使用者介面。本章將說明如何安裝並設定 Xorg，該應用程式提供開放源碼的 X Window 系統來提供圖型化環境。接著會說明如何找到並安裝桌面環境或視窗管理程式。 - 偏好安裝時會自動設定 Xorg 並且在安裝過程提供視窗管理程式選項的使用者請參考 pcbsd.org 網站。 + 偏好安裝時會自動設定 Xorg 並且在安裝過程提供視窗管理程式選項的使用者請參考 網站。 更多有關 Xorg 支援影像硬體資訊，請參考 x.org 網站。 @@ -7084,17 +7126,17 @@ 在 FreeBSD，Xorg 可透過套件或 Port 來安裝。 + 使用 Binary 套件的安裝速度較快，但可用的自訂選項較少： + + # pkg install xorg + 要從 Port 套件集編譯與安裝： # cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg # make install clean - 使用 Binary 套件安裝快速，但可用的自訂選項較少： + 兩種安裝方式皆可完整安裝 Xorg 系統，對大多數使用者較建議使用 Binary 套件安裝。 - # pkg install xorg - - 兩種安裝方式皆可完整安裝 Xorg 系統。此方式較建議大多數使用者。 - 較精簡版本的 X 系統適合給有經驗的使用者使用，可至 x11/xorg-minimal 取得。這個版本就不會安裝大多數的文件、函數庫以及應用程式，而部份應用程式會需要這些額外的元件才能運作。 @@ -7117,8 +7159,12 @@ 快速開始 - Xorg 支援大多數常見的顯示卡、鍵盤以及指標裝置，Xorg 會自動偵測這些裝置，並不需要手動設定。 + Xorg 支援大多數常見的顯示卡、鍵盤以及指標裝置。 + + 顯示卡、顯示器以及輸入裝置會自動偵測，無須任何手動設置。除非自動設置失敗，否則請勿建立 xorg.conf 或執行 步驟。 + + 若 Xorg 曾經在電腦使用過，可先將現有的設定檔重新命名或移除： @@ -7166,6 +7212,8 @@ 設定檔 + 通常不需要做手動設置，除非自動設置無法運作，否則請不要手動建立設定檔。 + 目錄 @@ -7524,6 +7572,10 @@ 在某些情況 Xorg 的自動設定無法在特定硬體上運作，或需要使用不同的設定。針對這些情況會建立自訂的設定檔。 + + 非必要請勿手動建立設定檔，非必要的手動設置會造成運作不正常。 + + 設定檔可由 Xorg 根據偵測到的硬體產生，這個檔案對一開始自訂設定很有幫助。 產生 xorg.conf： @@ -7557,8 +7609,12 @@ 由於 Xorg 內建的預設字型用在典型的桌面出版應用程式並不是很理想，大字型會呈現鋸齒狀邊緣，看起來很不專業，小字型幾乎完全看不清楚。不過，這裡有幾個免費高品質的 Type1 (PostScript) 字型可用，且能容易的在 Xorg 使用。例如，URW 字型集 (Times Roman, Helvetica, Palatino 及其他)。 Freefont 字型集 (x11-fonts/freefonts) 包含了更多的字型，但其中大部分是給圖形軟體如 GIMP 所使用的字型，並不能完全作為螢幕字型使用。此外，Xorg 可以簡單的設定使用 TrueType 字型。更多有關本主題的詳細資訊，請參考 X7 操作手冊或 。 - 要從 Port 套件集安裝上述的 Type1 字型集可執行以下指令： + 要由 Binary 套件安裝上述的 Type1 字型集可執行以下指令： + # pkg install urwfonts + + 或由 Port 套件集編譯，可執行以下指令： + # cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/urwfonts # make install clean @@ -8485,8 +8541,12 @@ Firefox 與 <trademark>Java</trademark> 附加元件 - Firefox 的安裝並不包含 Java 支援，雖然如此 java/icedtea-web 提供了免費的網頁瀏覽器附加元件來執行 Java applet，此附加元件可以用 Binary 套件安裝或者自 Port 編譯： + Firefox 的安裝並不包含 Java 支援，雖然如此 java/icedtea-web 提供了免費的網頁瀏覽器附加元件來執行 Java applet，此附加元件可以用 Binary 套件安裝： + # pkg install icedtea-web + + 或由 Port 套件集編譯： + # cd /usr/ports/java/icedtea-web # make install clean @@ -8595,8 +8655,12 @@ Konqueror 不只是個網頁瀏覽器， 它同時也是檔案管理器和多媒體瀏覽器。它包含在 x11/kde4-baseapps 套件或 Port 中。 - Konqueror 使用支援 WebKit 以及它自有的 KTHML。WebKit 是一套被許多現代瀏覽器所使用的繪圖引擎，包含 Chromium。要在 FreeBSD 的 Konqueror 使用 WebKit 需安裝 www/kwebkitpart 套件或 Port。此範例示範使用 Port 編譯： + Konqueror 使用支援 WebKit 以及它自有的 KTHML。WebKit 是一套被許多現代瀏覽器所使用的繪圖引擎，包含 Chromium。要在 FreeBSD 的 Konqueror 使用 WebKit 需安裝 www/kwebkitpart 套件或 Port。此範例示範使用 Binary 套件安裝： + # pkg install kwebkitpart + + 由 Port 套件集安裝： + # cd /usr/ports/www/kwebkitpart # make install clean @@ -10397,8 +10461,12 @@ 設定 MythTV 後端 - To install MythTV using the port: + 要使用 Binary 套件安裝 MythTV 可： + # pkg install mythtv + + 或由 Port 套件集安裝： + # cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mythtv # make install @@ -10544,6 +10612,17 @@ graphics/xsane installs xsane. + 要由 Binary 套件安裝這兩個部份可： + + # pkg install xsane sane-frontends + + 或由 Port 套件集安裝： + + # cd /usr/ports/graphics/sane-frontends +# make install clean +# cd /usr/ports/graphics/xsane +# make install clean + After installing the graphics/sane-backends port or package, use sane-find-scanner to check the scanner @@ -14049,7 +14128,7 @@ 延伸應用程式設定 - 現在 FreeBSD 會引用 rc.d，讓設定應用程式啟動程式更簡單且提供更多的功能。使用於 所提到的關鍵字，可以設定應用程式在其他特定服務之後啟動且可以透過 /etc/rc.conf 來傳遞額外的旗標來取代寫死在啟動 Script 中的旗標。一個基本的 Script 可能會如下例所示： + 現在 FreeBSD 會引用 rc.d，設定應用程式啟動變的更簡單且提供更多的功能。使用於 所提到的關鍵字，可以設定應用程式在其他特定服務之後啟動且可以透過 /etc/rc.conf 來傳遞額外的旗標來取代寫死在啟動 Script 中的旗標。一個基本的 Script 可能會如下例所示： #!/bin/sh # @@ -14578,7 +14657,7 @@ # service netif restart - 若預設的閘道器已設定於 /etc/rc.conf 也同樣要下這個指令： + 若預設的通訊閘已設定於 /etc/rc.conf 也同樣要下這個指令： # service routing restart @@ -15344,18 +15423,7 @@ 調校磁碟 - The following section will discuss various tuning - mechanisms and options which may be applied to disk - devices. In many cases, disks with mechanical parts, - such as SCSI drives, will be the - bottleneck driving down the overall system performance. While - a solution is to install a drive without mechanical parts, - such as a solid state drive, mechanical drives are not - going away anytime in the near future. When tuning disks, - it is advisable to utilize the features of the iostat8 - command to test various changes to the system. This - command will allow the user to obtain valuable information - on system IO. + 接下來的章節會討論在磁碟裝置上各種可調校的機制與選項。在大多數案例中，有使用機械元件的硬碟，如 SCSI 磁碟機，會成為導致整體系統效能低下的瓶頸。雖然已經有不使用機械元件的磁碟機解決方案，如，固態硬碟，但使用機械元件的磁碟機短期內並不會消失。在調校磁碟時，建議可以利用 iostat8 指令的功能來測試各種對系統的變更，這個指令可讓使用者取得系統 IO 相關的有用資訊。 Sysctl 變數 @@ -16116,56 +16184,11 @@ - It is important to utilize hardware resources in an - efficient manner. Power and resource management allows the - operating system to monitor system limits and to possibly - provide an alert if the system temperature increases - unexpectedly. An early specification for providing power - management was the Advanced Power Management - (APM) facility. APM - controls the power usage of a system based on its activity. - However, it was difficult and inflexible for operating systems - to manage the power usage and thermal properties of a system. - The hardware was managed by the BIOS and the - user had limited configurability and visibility into the power - management settings. The APM - BIOS is supplied by the vendor and is - specific to the hardware platform. An APM - driver in the operating system mediates access to the - APM Software Interface, which allows - management of power levels. + 以有效率的方式運用硬體資源是很重要的，電源與資源管理讓作業系統可以監控系統的限制，並且在系統溫度意外升高時能夠發出警報。早期提供電源管理的規範是進階電源管理 (Advanced Power Management, APM)，APM 可根據系統的使用狀況來來控制電源用量。然而，使用 APM 要作業系統來管理系統的電源用量和溫度屬性是困難且沒有彈性的，因為硬體是由 BIOS 所管理，使用者對電源管理設定只有有限的設定性與可見性，且 APM BIOS 是由供應商提供且特定於某些硬體平台，而作業系統中必透過 APM 驅動程式做為中介存取 APM 軟體介面才能夠管理電源等級。 - There are four major problems in APM. - First, power management is done by the vendor-specific - BIOS, separate from the operating system. - For example, the user can set idle-time values for a hard drive - in the APM BIOS so that, - when exceeded, the BIOS spins down the hard - drive without the consent of the operating system. Second, the - APM logic is embedded in the - BIOS, and it operates outside the scope of - the operating system. This means that users can only fix - problems in the APM - BIOS by flashing a new one into the - ROM, which is a dangerous procedure with the - potential to leave the system in an unrecoverable state if it - fails. Third, APM is a vendor-specific - technology, meaning that there is a lot of duplication of - efforts and bugs found in one vendor's BIOS - may not be solved in others. Lastly, the APM - BIOS did not have enough room to implement a - sophisticated power policy or one that can adapt well to the - purpose of the machine. + 在 APM 有四個主要的問題。第一，電源管理是由供應商特定的 BIOS 來完成，與作業系統是分開的。例如，使用者可在 APM BIOS 設定硬碟的閒置時間值，在超過時間時 BIOS 可在未徵得作業系統的同意下降低硬碟的轉速。第二，APM 的邏輯是內嵌在 BIOS 當中的，並且在作業系統範圍之外運作，這代表使用者只能夠透過燒錄新的韌體到 ROM 來修正 APM BIOS 中的問題，而這樣的程序是危險的，若失敗，可能會讓系統進入無法復原的狀態。第三，APM 是供應商特定的技術，這代表有許多重複的工作，在一個供應商的 BIOS 找到的問題在其他的供應商卻沒有解決。最後一點，APM BIOS 並沒有足夠的空間來實作複雜的電源管理政策或可良好適應主機用途的程式。 - The Plug and Play BIOS - (PNPBIOS) was unreliable in many situations. - PNPBIOS is 16-bit technology, so the - operating system has to use 16-bit emulation in order to - interface with PNPBIOS methods. FreeBSD - provides an APM driver as - APM should still be used for systems - manufactured at or before the year 2000. The driver is - documented in apm4. + Plug and Play BIOS (PNPBIOS) 在很多情況下並不可靠，PNPBIOS 是 16 位元的技術，所以作業系統必須模擬 16 位元才能存取 PNPBIOS。FreeBSD 提供了一個 APM 驅動程式來做 APM，應可用在 2000 年之前所製造的系統，該驅動程式的說明於 apm4。 ACPI @@ -16175,55 +16198,22 @@ APM - The successor to APM is the Advanced - Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI). - ACPI is a standard written by an alliance of - vendors to provide an interface for hardware resources and power - management. It is a key element in Operating - System-directed configuration and Power Management - as it provides more control and flexibility to the operating - system. + APM 的後繼者是進階設置與電源介面 (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, ACPI)。ACPI 是一套由供應商聯盟所搛寫出的標準，提供了硬體資源與電源管理的介面，它是 作業系統直接設置與電源管理 (Operating System-directed configuration and Power Management) 關鍵的要素，提供了作業系統更多的控制方式與彈性。 - This chapter demonstrates how to configure - ACPI on FreeBSD. It then offers some tips on - how to debug ACPI and how to submit a problem - report containing debugging information so that developers can - diagnosis and fix ACPI issues. + 本章節將示範如何在 FreeBSD 設定 ACPI，然後提供一些如何對 ACPI 除錯的提示以及如何提交包含除錯資訊的問題回報，讓開發人員能夠診斷並修正 ACPI 的問題。 設定 <acronym>ACPI</acronym> - In FreeBSD the acpi4 driver is loaded by default at - system boot and should not be compiled - into the kernel. This driver cannot be unloaded after boot - because the system bus uses it for various hardware - interactions. However, if the system is experiencing - problems, ACPI can be disabled altogether - by rebooting after setting - hint.acpi.0.disabled="1" in - /boot/loader.conf or by setting this - variable at the loader prompt, as described in . + 在 FreeBSD acpi4 驅動程式預設會在系統開始時載入，且不應被編譯到核心當中。這個驅動程式在開機之後無法被卸載，因為系統匯流排會使用它做各種硬體互動。雖然如此，若系統遇到問題，ACPI 還是可以被關閉，在 /boot/loader.conf 中設定 hint.acpi.0.disabled="1" 之後重新開機或在載入程式提示時設定這個變數，如 中的說明。 - ACPI and APM - cannot coexist and should be used separately. The last one - to load will terminate if the driver notices the other is - running. + ACPI 與 APM 不能同時存在且應分開使用，若有偵測到有另一個正在執行，要載入的後者將會中斷。 - ACPI can be used to put the system into - a sleep mode with acpiconf, the - flag, and a number from - 1 to 5. Most users only - need 1 (quick suspend to - RAM) or 3 (suspend to - RAM). Option 5 performs - a soft-off which is the same as running - halt -p. + ACPI 可以用來讓系統進入睡眠模式，使用 acpiconf 與 旗標再加上由 1 到 5 的數字。大多數使用者只需使用 1 (快速待命到 RAM) 或 3 (待命到 RAM)，選項 5 會執行軟關機 (Soft-off)，如同執行 halt -p 一樣。 - Other options are available using - sysctl. Refer to acpi4 and - acpiconf8 for more information. + 其他的選項可使用 sysctl 來設定，請參考 acpi4 以及 acpiconf8 以取得更多資訊。 @@ -16767,7 +16757,7 @@ booting bootstrap - 從開啟電腦到載入作業系統的這段流程稱為開機程序 (Bootstrap process) 或開機 (booting)。FreeBSD 的開機程序提供大量的客製化彈性，包含可選擇安裝在同電腦的其他的作業系統、不同版本的作業系統或不同核心的作業系統的功能。 + 從開啟電腦到載入作業系統的這段流程稱為 開機程序 (Bootstrap process) 或 開機 (Booting)。FreeBSD 的開機程序提供大量的客製化彈性，包含可選擇安裝在同電腦的其他的作業系統、不同版本的作業系統或不同核心的作業系統的功能。 本章會詳細說明可以設定的選項。示範如何自訂 FreeBSD 開機流程，包含其中所有會發生的事，直到啟動 FreeBSD 核心、偵測裝置及啟動 init8。這些事會發生在開機訊息的文字顏色會從亮白變成灰色之間。 @@ -16803,21 +16793,9 @@ FreeBSD 開機程序 - Turning on a computer and starting the operating system - poses an interesting dilemma. By definition, the computer does - not know how to do anything until the operating system is - started. This includes running programs from the disk. If the - computer can not run a program from the disk without the - operating system, and the operating system programs are on the - disk, how is the operating system started? + 打開電腦並啟動作業系統的這個動作呈現了一個有趣的困境。照道理，電腦在啟動作業系統之前並不知道要如何做任何事情，這些事情之中包括從磁碟執行程式。如果電腦無法在沒有作業系統的情況下執行程式，而作業系統的程式本身又在磁碟上，那麼作業系統要如何啟動呢? - This problem parallels one in the book The - Adventures of Baron Munchausen. A character had - fallen part way down a manhole, and pulled himself out by - grabbing his bootstraps and lifting. In the early days of - computing, the term bootstrap was applied - to the mechanism used to load the operating system. It has - since become shortened to booting. + 這個問題如同 The Adventures of Baron Munchausen 一書中的一個角色掉進了洞裡，他抓住了靴子上的拔靴帶 (Bootstrap) 才把自己拉了出來，因此在早期電腦領域用 bootstrap 一詞來指載入作業系統的機制，後來被縮短為 booting。 BIOS @@ -16824,27 +16802,10 @@ Basic Input/Output SystemBIOS - On x86 hardware, the Basic Input/Output System - (BIOS) is responsible for loading the - operating system. The BIOS looks on the hard - disk for the Master Boot Record (MBR), which - must be located in a specific place on the disk. The - BIOS has enough knowledge to load and run the - MBR, and assumes that the - MBR can then carry out the rest of the tasks - involved in loading the operating system, possibly with the help - of the BIOS. + 在 x86 硬體上，基本輸入/輸出系統 (Basic Input/Output System, BIOS) 負責載入作業系統。 BIOS 會找到硬碟上的主開機記錄區 (Master Boot Record, MBR)，該記錄區必須位於磁碟上的特定位置。BIOS 有足夠的知識可以載入並執行這個 MBR，並且假設這個 MBR 在 BIOS 的協助下可以完成接下來載入作業系統的工作。 - FreeBSD provides for booting from both the older - MBR standard, and the newer GUID Partition - Table (GPT). GPT - partitioning is often found on computers with the Unified - Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI). - However, FreeBSD can boot from GPT partitions - even on machines with only a legacy BIOS - with gptboot8. Work is under way to provide direct - UEFI booting. + FreeBSD 在較舊的 MBR 標準與較新的 GUID 分割區表 (GUID Partition Table, GPT) 上都能夠開機 (Booting)。GPT 磁碟分割通常會在有支援統一可延伸韌體介面 (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface, UEFI) 的電腦上找到。不論如何，FreeBSD 即使在只有傳統 BIOS 的機器上，也可以使用 gptboot8 由 GPT 分割區開機。直接使用 UEFI 開機的開發工作正在進行中。 Master Boot Record @@ -16854,49 +16815,18 @@ Boot Loader - The code within the MBR is typically - referred to as a boot manager, especially - when it interacts with the user. The boot manager usually has - more code in the first track of the disk or within the file - system. Examples of boot managers include the standard FreeBSD - boot manager boot0, also called - Boot Easy, and - Grub, which is used by many Linux - distributions. + 在 MBR 中的程式通常會稱作開機管理程式 (Boot manager)，特別是那些會與使用者互動的程式。開機管理程式通常會另一部份的程式會存放於磁碟的第一個磁軌或檔案系統。開機管理程式的例子有標準 FreeBSD 開機管理程式 boot0 又稱 Boot Easy 以及 Grub 常用於各種 Linux 發行版。 - If only one operating system is installed, the - MBR searches for the first bootable (active) - slice on the disk, and then runs the code on that slice to load - the remainder of the operating system. When multiple operating - systems are present, a different boot manager can be installed - to display a list of operating systems so the user - can select one to boot. + 若只有安裝一個作業系統，MBR 會搜尋磁碟上第一個可開機的 (使用中) 切割區 (Slice)，然後執行在該切割區上的程式來載入剩下的作業系統。當有多個作業系統存在時，可以安裝可顯示作業系統清單的開機管理程式，以讓使用者可以選擇要啟動的作業系統。 - The remainder of the FreeBSD bootstrap system is divided into - three stages. The first stage knows just enough to get the - computer into a specific state and run the second stage. The - second stage can do a little bit more, before running the third - stage. The third stage finishes the task of loading the - operating system. The work is split into three stages because - the MBR puts limits on the size of the - programs that can be run at stages one and two. Chaining the - tasks together allows FreeBSD to provide a more flexible - loader. + 剩餘的 FreeBSD 開機系統分成三個階段，第一個階段只知道如何讓電腦進入特定狀態並執行第二階段，第二個階段在執行第三階段之前會做的事比較多一點，第三個階段會完成載入作業系統的工作。把工作分成三個階段的原因是 MBR 有限制在階段一與階段二能夠執行程式的大小。將這些工作連結在一起讓 FreeBSD 能夠提供更有彈性的載入程式。 kernel init8 - The kernel is then started and begins to probe for devices - and initialize them for use. Once the kernel boot process is - finished, the kernel passes control to the user process - init8, which makes sure the disks are in a usable state, - starts the user-level resource configuration which mounts file - systems, sets up network cards to communicate on the network, - and starts the processes which have been configured to run at - startup. + 核心會接著開始偵測裝置並初始化這些裝置供使用。核心開機程序完成之後，核心便會傳送控制權給使用者程序 init8，這個程序會確保磁碟在可以使用的狀態，然後啟動使用者層級的資源設置來掛載檔案系統、設定網路卡以能夠連線網路、啟動那些被設定在開機時要啟動的程序。 - This section describes these stages in more detail and - demonstrates how to interact with the FreeBSD boot process. + 本章節將更詳細介紹這些階段並示範如何與 FreeBSD 開機程序互動。 開機管理程式 @@ -16906,19 +16836,9 @@ Master Boot Record (MBR) - The boot manager code in the MBR is - sometimes referred to as stage zero of - the boot process. By default, FreeBSD uses the - boot0 boot manager. + 有時會稱在 MBR 中的開機管理程式為開機程序的 第零階段 (Stage zero)，FreeBSD 預設會使用 boot0 開機管理程式。 - The MBR installed by the FreeBSD installer - is based on /boot/boot0. The size and - capability of boot0 is restricted - to 446 bytes due to the slice table and - 0x55AA identifier at the end of the - MBR. If boot0 - and multiple operating systems are installed, a message - similar to this example will be displayed at boot time: + 由 FreeBSD 安裝程式所安裝的 MBR 便是以 /boot/boot0 為基礎。boot0 的大小與容量被限制在 446 個位元組是由於切割表與 0x55AA 識別碼位於 MBR 的最末端。若安裝多個作業系統使用 boot0 ，則會在開機時顯示如下範例的訊息： <filename>boot0</filename> 螢幕截圖 @@ -16929,54 +16849,23 @@ Default: F2 - Other operating systems will overwrite an existing - MBR if they are installed after FreeBSD. If - this happens, or to replace the existing - MBR with the FreeBSD MBR, - use the following command: + 其作他作業統若在 FreeBSD 之後才安裝則會覆蓋現有的 MBR，若這件事發生了，或者要使用 FreeBSD MBR 取代現有的 MBR 可使用以下指令： # fdisk -B -b /boot/boot0 device - where device is the boot disk, - such as ad0 for the first - IDE disk, ad2 for the - first IDE disk on a second - IDE controller, or da0 - for the first SCSI disk. To create a - custom configuration of the MBR, refer to - boot0cfg8. + 其中 device 開機磁碟，例如第一個 IDE 磁碟為 ad0，第二個 IDE 控制器的第一個 IDE磁碟為 ad2，第一個 SCSI 磁碟為 da0。要建立自訂的 MBR 設定請參考 boot0cfg8。 階段一與階段二 - Conceptually, the first and second stages are part of the - same program on the same area of the disk. Because of space - constraints, they have been split into two, but are always - installed together. They are copied from the combined - /boot/boot by the FreeBSD installer or - bsdlabel. + 概念上，第一與第二個階段均為磁碟上同一個區域上同一個程式的一部份，由於空間上的限制，它們被分成兩部份，但是會一併安裝。它們會由 FreeBSD 安裝程式或 bsdlabel 從 /boot/boot 複製而來。 - These two stages are located outside file systems, in the - first track of the boot slice, starting with the first sector. - This is where boot0, or any other - boot manager, expects to find a program to run which will - continue the boot process. + 這兩個階段均位於檔案系統之外，在開機切割區的第一個磁軌，從第一個磁碟扇區 (Sector) 開始，這個位置便是 boot0 或其他開機管理程式所會儲存的地方，並會尋找可以執行的程式以繼續開機程序。 - The first stage, boot1, is very - simple, since it can only be 512 bytes in size. It knows just - enough about the FreeBSD bsdlabel, which - stores information about the slice, to find and execute - boot2. + 第一個階段的 boot1 非常的簡單，因為它只能有 512 位元組的大小。它只能認得儲存切割區資訊的 FreeBSD bsdlabel 以及尋找並執行 boot2。 - Stage two, boot2, is slightly more - sophisticated, and understands the FreeBSD file system enough to - find files. It can provide a simple interface to choose the - kernel or loader to run. It runs - loader, which is much more - sophisticated and provides a boot configuration file. If the - boot process is interrupted at stage two, the following - interactive screen is displayed: + 階段二 boot2 稍微複雜一點，能夠理解 FreeBSD 檔案系統來搜尋檔案。它可以提供一個簡單的介面來選擇要執行的核心或載入程式。它所執行的載入程式 (loader) 更複雜並能讀取開機設定檔。若開機程序在階段二中斷，則會顯示以下的互動畫面： <filename>boot2</filename> 螢幕截圖 @@ -16986,22 +16875,12 @@ boot: - To replace the installed boot1 and - boot2, use bsdlabel, - where diskslice is the disk and - slice to boot from, such as ad0s1 for the - first slice on the first IDE disk: + 要更換已安裝的 boot1 與 boot2 可使用 bsdlabel，其中 diskslice 是要開機的磁碟與切割區，例如 ad0s1 代表第一個 IDE 磁碟的第一個切割區： # bsdlabel -B diskslice - If just the disk name is used, such as - ad0, bsdlabel will - create the disk in dangerously dedicated - mode, without slices. This is probably not the - desired action, so double check the - diskslice before pressing - Return. + 若只使用磁碟名稱，如 ad0，bsdlabel 便會以 危險專用的模式 來建立磁碟，而不會建立任何分割區。這個可能與預期的動作不同，所以在按下 Return 鍵之前請再次確認 diskslice。 @@ -17010,43 +16889,18 @@ boot-loader - The loader is the final stage - of the three-stage bootstrap process. It is located on the - file system, usually as - /boot/loader. + loader 是三階段開機程多的最後一個階段，載入程式位於檔案系統之中，通常在 /boot/loader。 - The loader is intended as an - interactive method for configuration, using a built-in command - set, backed up by a more powerful interpreter which has a more - complex command set. + loader 主要目地是利用擁有更複雜指令集的強大直譯器做為基礎的內建指令集提供一個互動的方式來做設定。 - During initialization, loader - will probe for a console and for disks, and figure out which - disk it is booting from. It will set variables accordingly, - and an interpreter is started where user commands can be - passed from a script or interactively. + 在初始化的過程中，loader 會偵測 Console 與磁碟，並找出可以用來開機的磁碟。在由 Script 或互動輸入使用者指令的地方會設定相對的變數並啟動直譯器。 loader loader configuration - The loader will then read - /boot/loader.rc, which by default reads - in /boot/defaults/loader.conf which sets - reasonable defaults for variables and reads - /boot/loader.conf for local changes to - those variables. loader.rc then acts on - these variables, loading whichever modules and kernel are - selected. + loader 接著會讀取 /boot/loader.rc，這個程式預設又會讀取 /boot/defaults/loader.conf 來設定合理的變數預設值以及讀取 /boot/loader.conf 來對這些變數做本地的更改。loader.rc 接著會依這些變數來運作，讀取選擇模組與核心。 - Finally, by default, loader - issues a 10 second wait for key presses, and boots the kernel - if it is not interrupted. If interrupted, the user is - presented with a prompt which understands the command set, - where the user may adjust variables, unload all modules, load - modules, and then finally boot or reboot. lists the most commonly - used loader commands. For a - complete discussion of all available commands, refer to - loader8. + 最後，預設情況下 loader 會待候鍵盤輸入 10 秒鐘，若沒有被中斷的話會接著啟動核心。若被使用者中斷，則會向使用者顯示提示字元，此時使用可以使用指令集來調整變數、卸載所有模組、載入模組，然後最後開機或重新開機。 中列出了最常使用的 loader 指令。要完整了解所有可用的指令，請參考 loader8。 載入程式內建指令 @@ -17063,10 +16917,7 @@ autoboot seconds - Proceeds to boot the kernel if not interrupted - within the time span given, in seconds. It displays a - countdown, and the default time span is 10 - seconds. + 若在指定時間 (秒) 內沒有中斷，會繼續啟動核心。此指令會顯示倒數，預設的時間為 10 秒鐘。 @@ -17073,41 +16924,24 @@ boot -options kernelname - Immediately proceeds to boot the kernel, with - any specified options or kernel name. Providing a - kernel name on the command-line is only applicable - after an unload has been issued. - Otherwise, the previously-loaded kernel will be - used. If kernelname is not - qualified it will be searched under - /boot/kernel and - /boot/modules. + 使用指定的選項或核心名稱立即啟動核心。由指令列指定核心名稱前必須先執行 unload，否則會使用先前載入過的核心。若 kernelname 不是完整的路徑則會搜尋 /boot/kernel 及 /boot/modules 底下。 boot-conf - Goes through the same automatic configuration of - modules based on specified variables, most commonly - kernel. This only makes sense if - unload is used first, before - changing some variables. + 依據指定的變數及最常用的 kernel 再做一次相同的自動模組設置。這只有在執行 unload 之後，尚未變更變數之前方可使用。 help topic - Shows help messages read from - /boot/loader.help. If the topic - given is index, the list of - available topics is displayed. + 顯示自 /boot/loader.help 取得的說明訊息。若指定的主題為 index 則會顯示所有可用的主題。 include filename … - Reads the specified file and interprets it line - by line. An error immediately stops the - include. + 讀取指定的檔案並直譯每一行。若有錯誤則會立即中止 include。 @@ -17114,90 +16948,68 @@ load -t type filename - Loads the kernel, kernel module, or file of the - type given, with the specified filename. Any - arguments after filename - are passed to the file. If - filename is not qualified it - will be searched under - /boot/kernel - and /boot/modules. + 由指定的檔案名稱載入核心、核心模組或指定類型的檔案。任何於 filename 之後的參數都會被傳遞到該檔案。若 filename 不是絕對位置則會搜尋 /boot/kernel 及 /boot/modules 底下。 ls -l path - Displays a listing of files in the given path, or - the root directory, if the path is not specified. If - is specified, file sizes will - also be shown. + 顯示指定路徑中的檔案，若未指定路徑則會顯示根目錄中的檔案。若有指定 ，則會連檔案大小一同顯示。 lsdev -v - Lists all of the devices from which it may be - possible to load modules. If is - specified, more details are printed. + 列出所有的裝置，這些裝置可能可以用來載入模組。若有指定 則會顯示更詳細的資訊。 lsmod -v - Displays loaded modules. If - is specified, more details are shown. + 顯示已載入的模組。若有指定 則會顯示更詳細的資訊。 more filename - Displays the files specified, with a pause at - each LINES displayed. + 顯示指定的檔案，並於每 LINES 行顯示後會暫停。 reboot - Immediately reboots the system. + 立即重新啟動系統。 set variable, set variable=value - Sets the specified environment variables. + 設定指定的環境變數。 unload - Removes all loaded modules. + 移除所有已載入的模組。
- Here are some practical examples of loader usage. To boot - the usual kernel in single-user mode - single-user - mode: + 這裡有一些 loader 用法的實務範例。要使用一般的核心開機進入單使用者模式 (Single-user modesingle-user + mode) 可： boot -s - To unload the usual kernel and modules and then load the - previous or another, specified kernel: + 要卸載一般的核心與模組，然後載入先前或另一個指定的核心可： unload load kernel.old - Use kernel.GENERIC to refer to the - default kernel that comes with an installation, or - kernel.old, to refer to the previously - installed kernel before a system upgrade or before configuring - a custom kernel. + 使用 kernel.GENERIC 來代表安裝程式使用的預設核心，或 kernel.old 來代表在系統升級之前或設定自訂核心前安裝的核心。 - Use the following to load the usual modules with another - kernel: + 使用以下指令來使用另一個核心載入一般的模組： unload set kernel="kernel.old" boot-conf - To load an automated kernel configuration script: + 要載入一個已自動化的核心設置 Script 可： load -t userconfig_script /boot/kernel.conf @@ -17214,13 +17026,7 @@ init8 - Once the kernel is loaded by either - loader or by - boot2, which bypasses - loader, it examines any boot flags - and adjusts its behavior as necessary. lists the commonly used boot flags. - Refer to boot8 for more information on the other boot - flags. + 由 loader 或由會繞開 loader 的 boot2 載入核心之後，載入程式便會檢查是不有使用任何開機旗標，並根據需要調整開機的方式。 列出了常用的開機旗標，請參考 boot8 取得更多其他開機旗標的資訊。 kernel @@ -17241,44 +17047,30 @@ - During kernel initialization, ask for the device - to mount as the root file system. + 核心初始化時，會詢問要掛載為根檔案系統的裝置。 - Boot the root file system from a - CDROM. + 由 CDROM 做為根檔案系統開機。 - Boot into single-user mode. + 開機進入單使用者模式。 - Be more verbose during kernel startup. + 核心啟動時提供更多詳細資訊。 - Once the kernel has finished booting, it passes control to - the user process init8, which is located at - /sbin/init, or the program path specified - in the init_path variable in - loader. This is the last stage of the boot - process. + 一旦核心完成開機程序後，便會傳送控制權給使用者程序 init8，該程序位於 /sbin/init 或在 loader 中的 init_path 變數所指的程式路徑。這是開機程序的最後一個階段。 - The boot sequence makes sure that the file systems - available on the system are consistent. If a - UFS file system is not, and - fsck cannot fix the inconsistencies, - init drops the system into - single-user mode so that the system administrator can resolve - the problem directly. Otherwise, the system boots into - multi-user mode. + 開機程序會確保系統上的檔案系統的一致性 (Consistency)，若 UFS 檔案系統不一致且 fsck 無法修時，init 會讓系統進入單使用者模式，以讓系統管理者能夠直接解決問題，否則系統會開機進入多使用者模式。 單使用者模式 @@ -17286,42 +17078,17 @@ single-user mode console - A user can specify this mode by booting with - or by setting the - boot_single variable in - loader. It can also be reached - by running shutdown now from multi-user - mode. Single-user mode begins with this message: + 使用者可以在開機時指定 或在 loader 設定 boot_single 變數進入這個模式。也可以透過在多使用者模式執行 shutdown now 進入此模式。進入單使用者模式時會出現此訊息： Enter full pathname of shell or RETURN for /bin/sh: - If the user presses Enter, the system - will enter the default Bourne shell. To specify a different - shell, input the full path to the shell. + 若使用者按下 Enter，系統便會進入預設的 Bourne shell。要指定使用其他的 Shell 則輸入該 Shell 的完整路徑。 - Single-user mode is usually used to repair a system that - will not boot due to an inconsistent file system or an error - in a boot configuration file. It can also be used to reset - the root password - when it is unknown. These actions are possible as the - single-user mode prompt gives full, local access to the - system and its configuration files. There is no networking - in this mode. + 單使用者模式通常用來修復因檔案系統不一致或開機設定檔發生錯誤造成的無法開機，也可以用來重設遺忘的 root 的密碼，因為在單使用者模式會給予對本地系統及設定檔完整的存取權。在這個模式下沒有網路功能。 - While single-user mode is useful for repairing a system, - it poses a security risk unless the system is in a - physically secure location. By default, any user who can - gain physical access to a system will have full control of - that system after booting into single-user mode. + 雖然單使用者模式對修復系統很有幫助，但若系統放在不安全的場所便會有安全上的風險。預設，開機進入單使用者模式後，任何能夠存取實體主機的使用者便擁有系統的完整控制權。 - If the system console is changed to - insecure in - /etc/ttys, the system will first prompt - for the root - password before initiating single-user mode. This adds a - measure of security while removing the ability to reset the - root password when - it is unknown. + 若在 /etc/ttys 系統 console 更改為 insecure，系統便會在初始化單使用者模式前先詢問 root 的密碼。這可增加一定程度的安全性，但便無法在忘記 root 密碼時重設密碼。 在 <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> 設定不安全的 Console @@ -17333,10 +17100,7 @@ console none unknown off insecure - An insecure console means that - physical security to the console is considered to be - insecure, so only someone who knows the root password may use - single-user mode. + 不安全 (insecure) console 代表對 Console 的實體安全性評估為不安全 (insecure)，所以只有知道 root 密碼的人可以使用單使用者模式。 @@ -17344,27 +17108,13 @@ multi-user mode - If init finds the file - systems to be in order, or once the user has finished their - commands in single-user mode and has typed - exit to leave single-user mode, the - system enters multi-user mode, in which it starts the - resource configuration of the system. + 若 init 正常找到檔案系統或在單使用者模式的使用者完成了操作並輸入 exit 離開單使用者模式，系統便會進入多使用者模式，在這個模式便會開始系統的資源設置。 rc files - The resource configuration system reads in configuration - defaults from /etc/defaults/rc.conf and - system-specific details from - /etc/rc.conf. It then proceeds to - mount the system file systems listed in - /etc/fstab. It starts up networking - services, miscellaneous system daemons, then the startup - scripts of locally installed packages. + 資源設置系統 (Resource configuration system) 會從 /etc/defaults/rc.conf 讀取設定預設值以及從 /etc/rc.conf 讀取系統特定的設定，接著會繼續掛載系統列於 /etc/fstab 的檔案系統，也會啟動網路服務、其他的系統 Daemon，然後執行本地已安裝套件的啟動 Script。 - To learn more about the resource configuration system, - refer to rc8 and examine the scripts located in - /etc/rc.d. + 要了解更多有關資源設置系統，請參考 rc8 以及查看位於 /etc/rc.d 的 Script。 @@ -17390,99 +17140,43 @@ - Typically when a FreeBSD system boots, it displays its progress - as a series of messages at the console. A boot splash screen - creates an alternate boot screen that hides all of the boot - probe and service startup messages. A few boot loader messages, - including the boot options menu and a timed wait countdown - prompt, are displayed at boot time, even when the splash screen - is enabled. The display of the splash screen can be turned off - by hitting any key on the keyboard during the boot - process. + 正常 FreeBSD 系統開機會在 Console 顯示以一系列訊息來表示開機進度。開機啟動畫面 (Boot splash screen) 是另一種可以把所有開機偵測與服務啟動訊息隱藏的開機畫面，但即使開啟了啟動畫面，仍有有少數的開機載入程式的訊息，如：開機選項選單以及倒數時間的提示，仍會在開機時顯示。在開機程序時可以按下鍵盤上的按鍵來關閉顯示中的啟動畫面。 - There are two basic environments available in FreeBSD. The - first is the default legacy virtual console command line - environment. After the system finishes booting, a console login - prompt is presented. The second environment is a configured - graphical environment. Refer to for more - information on how to install and configure a graphical display - manager and a graphical login manager. + FreeBSD 有兩種基本的環境可以使用，一種是預設的傳統虛擬 Console 指令列環境，在系統完成開機之後，便會顯示 Console 登入提示。另一種環境則是設定好的圖型化環境，請參考 以取得更多有關如何安裝與設定圖型化顯示管理程式與圖型化登入管理程式的資訊。 - Once the system has booted, the splash screen defaults to - being a screen saver. After a time period of non-use, the - splash screen will display and will cycle through steps of - changing intensity of the image, from bright to very dark and - over again. The configuration of the splash screen saver can be - overridden by adding a saver= line to - /etc/rc.conf. Several built-in screen - savers are available and described in splash4. The - saver= option only applies to virtual - consoles and has no effect on graphical display managers. + 系統開機之後，啟動畫面預設會作為螢幕保護程式，一段時間未使用便會顯示啟動畫面，並且會循環更改影像的亮度，從明亮到非常暗，然後再繼續循環。啟動螢幕保護程式的設定可在 /etc/rc.conf 增加一行 saver= 來更改。有許多內建的螢幕保護程式可用，在 splash4 中有說明。saver= 的選項只會套用至虛擬 Console，對圖型化顯示管理程式並不會有任何影響。 - Sample splash screen files can be downloaded from the - gallery at http://artwork.freebsdgr.org. - By installing the sysutils/bsd-splash-changer - package or port, a random splash image from a collection will - display at boot. + 範例啟動畫面檔可到位於 http://artwork.freebsdgr.org 的圖庫下載。安裝 sysutils/bsd-splash-changer 套件或 Port，可以在開機時隨機顯示圖片集中的啟動畫面。 - The splash screen function supports 256-colors in the - bitmap (.bmp), ZSoft - PCX (.pcx), or - TheDraw (.bin) formats. The - .bmp, .pcx, or - .bin image has to be placed on the root - partition, for example in /boot. The - splash image files must have a resolution of 320 by 200 pixels - or less in order to work on standard VGA - adapters. For the default boot display resolution of 256-colors - and 320 by 200 pixels or less, add the following lines to - /boot/loader.conf. Replace - splash.bmp with the name of the - bitmap file to use: + 啟動畫面功能支援 256 色的點陣圖 (.bmp)、ZSoft PCX (.pcx) 或 TheDraw (.bin) 格式。.bmp, .pcx 或 .bin 圖片必須放在根分割區，例如於 /boot。啟動圖片檔必須使用 320x200 像素或更低的解析度以能夠在標準 VGA 介面卡上運作，要在預設 256 色、 320x200 像素或更低的解析度設定開機啟動圖片，可加入下行到 /boot/loader.conf，並替換 splash.bmp 為實際要使用的點陣圖檔： splash_bmp_load="YES" bitmap_load="YES" bitmap_name="/boot/splash.bmp" - To use a PCX file instead of a bitmap - file: + 要使用 PCX 檔則可替換點陣圖檔： splash_pcx_load="YES" bitmap_load="YES" bitmap_name="/boot/splash.pcx" - To instead use ASCII art in the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheDraw - format: + 若要改使用 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheDraw 格式的 ASCII 圖可： splash_txt="YES" bitmap_load="YES" bitmap_name="/boot/splash.bin" - To use larger images that fill the whole display screen, up - to the maximum resolution of 1024 by 768 pixels, the - VESA module must also be loaded during system - boot. If using a custom kernel, ensure that the custom kernel - configuration file includes the VESA kernel - configuration option. To load the VESA - module for the splash screen, add this line to - /boot/loader.conf before the three lines - mentioned in the above examples: + 要使用較大的圖片來填滿整個顯示畫面支援的解析度最大可至 1024x768 像素，VESA 模組也必須在系統開機時載入。若使用自訂的核心，請確定自訂核心設定檔中有含有 VESA 核心設定選項。要載入 VESA 模組來顯示啟動畫面可在 /boot/loader.conf 上述例子中提到的三行之前加入下行： vesa_load="YES" - Other interesting loader.conf options - include: + 其他有用的 loader.conf 選項還有： beastie_disable="YES" - This will stop the boot options menu from being - displayed, but the timed wait count down prompt will still - be present. Even with the display of the boot options - menu disabled, entering an option selection at the timed - wait count down prompt will enact the corresponding boot - option. + 這個會關閉開機選項選單的顯示，但倒數計時提示仍會在。即使關閉了開機選項選單，在倒數計時提示時輸入選擇的選項還是會啟動對應的開機選項。 @@ -17489,21 +17183,17 @@ loader_logo="beastie" - This will replace the default words - FreeBSD, which are displayed to the right of - the boot options menu, with the colored beastie - logo. + 這個選項會替換預設與上色的小惡魔圖示一起顯示於開機選項選單右側的 FreeBSD 文字， - For more information, refer to splash4, - loader.conf5, and vga4. + 要取得更多資訊，請參考 splash4, loader.conf5 以及 vga4。 - Device Hints + 裝置提示 @@ -17520,81 +17210,53 @@ device.hints - During initial system startup, the boot loader8 reads - device.hints5. This file stores kernel boot information - known as variables, sometimes referred to as - device hints. These device hints - are used by device drivers for device configuration. + 在一開始系統啟動時，開機 loader8 會讀取 device.hints5，這個檔中儲存了核心開機資訊，即變數，有時我們又會稱其為 裝置提示 (Device hints)。這些 裝置提示 (Device hints) 會傳送給裝置驅動程式做裝置的設置使用。 - Device hints may also be specified at the Stage 3 boot - loader prompt, as demonstrated in . - Variables can be added using set, removed - with unset, and viewed - show. Variables set in - /boot/device.hints can also be overridden. - Device hints entered at the boot loader are not permanent and - will not be applied on the next reboot. + 裝置提示也可在階段 3 開機載入程式提示時指定，如 中的示範，其變數也可以使用 set 增加、使用 unset 移除、使用 show 檢視，也可覆蓋設定在 /boot/device.hints 的變數，但在開機載入程式輸入的裝置提示並不是永久有效的，在下一次重新開機久後便會失效。 - Once the system is booted, kenv1 can be used to dump - all of the variables. + 一旦系統開機後，便可使用 kenv1 來列出所有的變數。 - The syntax for /boot/device.hints - is one variable per line, using the hash - # as comment markers. Lines are constructed as - follows: + /boot/device.hints 的語法為一個變數一行，使用井字號 # 做為註解符號，每一行的結構如下： hint.driver.unit.keyword="value" - The syntax for the Stage 3 boot loader is: + 在階段 3 開機載入程式的語法則為： set hint.driver.unit.keyword=value - where driver is the device driver name, - unit is the device driver unit number, and - keyword is the hint keyword. The keyword may - consist of the following options: + 其中 driver 為裝置驅動程式名稱、unit 為裝置驅動程式單位編號及 keyword 為提示關鍵字，關鍵字由以下選項所組成： - at: specifies the bus which the - device is attached to. + at: 指定裝置所連結的匯流排 (Bus)。 - port: specifies the start address of - the I/O to be used. + port: 指定要使用的 I/O 開始位置。 - irq: specifies the interrupt request - number to be used. + irq: 指定要使用的中斷請求編號。 - drq: specifies the DMA channel - number. + drq: 指定 DMA 頻道編號。 - maddr: specifies the physical memory - address occupied by the device. + maddr: 指定裝置所使用的實體記憶體位置。 - flags: sets various flag bits for the - device. + flags: 設定提供給裝置的各種旗標位元。 - disabled: if set to - 1 the device is disabled. + disabled: 若設為 1 則可關閉該裝置。 - Since device drivers may accept or require more hints not - listed here, viewing a driver's manual page is recommended. - For more information, refer to device.hints5, - kenv1, loader.conf5, and loader8. + 由於裝置驅動程式可能會接受或請求更多未列於此處的提示，建議先閱讀驅動程式的操作手冊。要取得更多資訊請參考 device.hints5, kenv1, loader.conf5 以及 loader8。 @@ -17604,31 +17266,14 @@ shutdown8 - Upon controlled shutdown using shutdown8, - init8 will attempt to run the script - /etc/rc.shutdown, and then proceed to send - all processes the TERM signal, and - subsequently the KILL signal to any that do - not terminate in a timely manner. + 在使用 shutdown8 控制關閉時，init8 會嘗試執行 /etc/rc.shutdown Script 接著傳送 TERM 信號給所有的程序，然後傳送 KILL 信號給未在時間內中止的程序。 - To power down a FreeBSD machine on architectures and systems - that support power management, use + 要在支援電源管理的架構與系統關閉 FreeBSD 主機電源，可使用 shutdown -p now 來立即關閉電源，要重新啟動 FreeBSD 系統可使用 shutdown -r now。操作人必須為 root 或為 operator 的成員才可執行 shutdown8，擁有這些身份的人也可使用 halt8 與 reboot8，參考這些指令與 shutdown8 的操作手冊來取得更多資訊。 - shutdown -p now to turn the power off - immediately. To reboot a FreeBSD system, use - shutdown -r now. One must be - root or a member of - operator in order to - run shutdown8. One can also use halt8 and - reboot8. Refer to their manual pages and to - shutdown8 for more information. + 要修改群組成員可參考 。 - Modify group membership by referring to - . - - Power management requires acpi4 to be loaded as - a module or statically compiled into a custom kernel. + 電源管理需要以載入 acpi4 模組或將其靜態編譯至自訂核心中。 @@ -17730,121 +17375,44 @@ 簡介 - Security is everyone's responsibility. A weak entry point - in any system could allow intruders to gain access to critical - information and cause havoc on an entire network. One of the - core principles of information security is the - CIA triad, which stands for the - Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability of information - systems. + 保安是每個人的責任，任何系統中的弱點都可讓入侵者取得對關鍵資訊的存取權並導致整個網路的浩劫。資訊安全的其中一個核心原則便是 CIA 三字訣，代表著資訊系統的機密性 (Confidentiality)、完整性 (Integrity) 以及可用性 (Availability)。 - The CIA triad is a bedrock concept of - computer security as customers and users expect their data to be - protected. For example, a customer expects that their credit - card information is securely stored (confidentiality), that - their orders are not changed behind the scenes (integrity), and - that they have access to their order information at all times - (availablility). + CIA 三字訣是電腦安全的基石，就如同客戶與使用者期望他們的資料得到保護一樣重要。例如，一個客戶會期望他們的信用卡資訊被安全的保存 (機密性)、他們的訂單不會在私底下被竄改 (完整性) 以及他們隨時可以存取他們的訂單資訊 (可用性)。 - To provide CIA, security professionals - apply a defense in depth strategy. The idea of defense in depth - is to add several layers of security to prevent one single layer - failing and the entire security system collapsing. For example, - a system administrator cannot simply turn on a firewall and - consider the network or system secure. One must also audit - accounts, check the integrity of binaries, and ensure malicious - tools are not installed. To implement an effective security - strategy, one must understand threats and how to defend against - them. + 要提供 CIA，安全專家會應用防禦深度的策略。防禦深度的概念是增加數個保全階層來避免單一階層失效便導致整個安全系統瓦解。例如，系統管理者不能直接打開防火牆與評估網路或系統的安全性，還要同時稽查帳號、檢查 Binary 的完整性與確保未被安裝惡意工具。要執行有效的保安策略，必須了解威脅以及如何抵禦威脅。 - What is a threat as it pertains to computer security? - Threats are not limited to remote attackers who attempt to - access a system without permission from a remote location. - Threats also include employees, malicious software, unauthorized - network devices, natural disasters, security vulnerabilities, - and even competing corporations. + 什麼威脅影響到電腦安全性? 威脅並不僅限於在遠端嘗試未經授權存取系統的遠端攻擊者，威脅也包含員工、惡意軟體、未經許可的網路裝置、天然災害、安全性漏洞甚至是公司競爭對手。 - Systems and networks can be accessed without permission, - sometimes by accident, or by remote attackers, and in some - cases, via corporate espionage or former employees. As a user, - it is important to prepare for and admit when a mistake has led - to a security breach and report possible issues to the security - team. As an administrator, it is important to know of the - threats and be prepared to mitigate them. + 系統與網路可以被未經授權存取，有時是因為意外，或是因遠端攻擊者，或在某些案例中，是因商業間諜或者前員工。做為使用者，重要的是做好防範準備以及當有失誤造成安全漏洞能夠承認並回報可能的問題給安全團隊。做為管理者，重要的是了解威脅並準備在發生時能夠減緩威脅。 - When applying security to systems, it is recommended to - start by securing the basic accounts and system configuration, - and then to secure the network layer so that it adheres to the - system policy and the organization's security procedures. Many - organizations already have a security policy that covers the - configuration of technology devices. The policy should include - the security configuration of workstations, desktops, mobile - devices, phones, production servers, and development servers. - In many cases, standard operating procedures - (SOPs) already exist. When in doubt, ask the - security team. + 當要應用保安到系統上時，建議由基本帳號以及系統設定開始保全，接著確保網路層，使其遵守系統政策以及組織的安全程序。許多組織已經有涵蓋科技裝置設置的安全性政策，該政策應包含工作站、桌上型電腦、行動裝置、手機、上線伺服器、開發伺服器的安全設置。在大多數案例中，也都已經有標準操作程序 (SOP)，當有疑慮時，請向安全團隊諮詢。 - The rest of this introduction describes how some of these - basic security configurations are performed on a FreeBSD system. - The rest of this chapter describes some specific tools which can - be used when implementing a security policy on a FreeBSD - system. + 簡介接下來的部份將說明如何在 FreeBSD 系統上執行這些基礎的安全設置。本章接下來的部份將介紹在 FreeBSD 系統執行安全性政策時會用到的特定工具。 防止登入 - In securing a system, a good starting point is an audit of - accounts. Ensure that root has a strong password and - that this password is not shared. Disable any accounts that - do not need login access. + 要確保一個系統的安全最好的起點便是做好帳號的稽查，確保 root 使用了一個強而有力的密碼，並這個密碼未在其他地方使用過，然後關閉任何無須登入存取權的帳號。 - To deny login access to accounts, two methods exist. The - first is to lock the account. This example locks the - toor account: + 要關閉帳號的存取權登入有兩種方法，第一種是鎖定帳號，以下範例會鎖定 toor 帳號： # pw lock toor - The second method is to prevent login access by changing - the shell to /sbin/nologin. Only the - superuser can change the shell for other users: + 第二個關閉登入存取權的方式是更改 Shell 為 /sbin/nologin，只有超級使用者可以更改其他使用者的 Shell： # chsh -s /usr/sbin/nologin toor - The /usr/sbin/nologin shell prevents - the system from assigning a shell to the user when they - attempt to login. + /usr/sbin/nologin shell 可以避免系統分配 Shell 給嘗試登入的使用者。 帳號升級授權 - In some cases, system administration needs to be shared - with other users. FreeBSD has two methods to handle this. The - first one, which is not recommended, is a shared root password - used by members of the wheel group. With this - method, a user types su and enters the - password for wheel - whenever superuser access is needed. The user should then - type exit to leave privileged access after - finishing the commands that required administrative access. - To add a user to this group, edit - /etc/group and add the user to the end of - the wheel entry. The user must be - separated by a comma character with no space. + 在有一些案例，需要與其他使用者共用系統管理權限，FreeBSD 有兩種方式可以處理這種情況。第一種，也是較不建議的方式，是與 wheel 群組的成員共用 root 的密碼，這種方式使用者可以在需要超級使用者的存取權時輸入 su 然後輸入 wheel 的密碼，在完成需要管理存取權的指令之後，使用應輸入 exit 離開。要加入使用者到這個群組，可編輯 /etc/group 然後加入該使用者到 wheel 項目的最後，使用者必須以逗號字元分隔並不可有空白。 - The second, and recommended, method to permit privilege - escalation is to install the security/sudo - package or port. This software provides additional auditing, - more fine-grained user control, and can be configured to lock - users into running only the specified privileged - commands. + 第二種方式，也是較建議的方式，安裝 security/sudo 套件或 Port 來提升權限。這個軟體提供了額外的稽查、更細微的使用者控制，然後可以設定鎖定使用者只能執行特定需權限的指令。 - After installation, use visudo to edit - /usr/local/etc/sudoers. This example - creates a new webadmin group, adds the - trhodes account to - that group, and configures that group access to restart - apache24: + 在安裝之後，使用 visudo 來編輯 /usr/local/etc/sudoers。這個範例會建立新 webadmin 群組，並加入 trhodes 帳號到該群組，然後設定該群組可重新啟動 apache24 的存取權： # pw groupadd webadmin -M trhodes -g 6000 # visudo @@ -17854,122 +17422,46 @@ 密碼編碼方式 - Passwords are a necessary evil of technology. When they - must be used, they should be complex and a powerful hash - mechanism should be used to encrypt the version that is stored - in the password database. FreeBSD supports the - DES, MD5, - SHA256, SHA512, and - Blowfish hash algorithms in its crypt() - library. The default of SHA512 should not - be changed to a less secure hashing algorithm, but can be - changed to the more secure Blowfish algorithm. + 密碼是資訊科技的必要之惡，當必須使用密碼時，應要有複雜且強大的雜湊機制來加密儲存在密碼資料庫中的密碼。FreeBSD 支援 DES, MD5, SHA256, SHA512 以及 Blowfish 雜湊演算法於其 crypt() 程式庫。預設使用 SHA512，不建議改成更不安全的雜湊演算法，但可改成更安全的 Blowfish 演算法。 - Blowfish is not part of AES and is - not considered compliant with any Federal Information - Processing Standards (FIPS). Its use may - not be permitted in some environments. + Blowfish 不是 AES 的一部份且不符合任何聯邦資訊處理標準 (Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS)，在某些環境可能不會允許使用這種加密方式。 - To determine which hash algorithm is used to encrypt a - user's password, the superuser can view the hash for the user - in the FreeBSD password database. Each hash starts with a symbol - which indicates the type of hash mechanism used to encrypt the - password. If DES is used, there is no - beginning symbol. For MD5, the symbol is - $. For SHA256 and - SHA512, the symbol is - $6$. For Blowfish, the symbol is - $2a$. In this example, the password for - dru is hashed using - the default SHA512 algorithm as the hash - starts with $6$. Note that the encrypted - hash, not the password itself, is stored in the password - database: + 要知道目前用何種雜湊演算法來加密某位使用者密碼，超級使用者可以檢視在 FreeBSD 密碼資料庫中該使用者的雜湊，每個雜湊的一開始便會以符號標示其用來加密密碼所使用的雜湊機制。若使用 DES 則開始不會有任何符號，而 MD5 的符號則是 $，SHA256 及 SHA512 的符號是 $6$，Blowfish 的符號是 $2a$。在以下例子中 dru 的密碼使以預設的 SHA512 演算法加密，因為其雜湊的開始為 $6$。注意，該加密過的雜湊，不是原來的密碼，會儲存於密碼資料庫中： # grep dru /etc/master.passwd dru:$6$pzIjSvCAn.PBYQBA$PXpSeWPx3g5kscj3IMiM7tUEUSPmGexxta.8Lt9TGSi2lNQqYGKszsBPuGME0:1001:1001::0:0:dru:/usr/home/dru:/bin/csh - The hash mechanism is set in the user's login class. For - this example, the user is in the default - login class and the hash algorithm is set with this line in - /etc/login.conf: + 雜湊機制是設定在該使用者的登入類別 (Login class)，以此為例，該使用者屬於 default 登入類別，且雜湊演算法是以下行設定在 /etc/login.conf： :passwd_format=sha512:\ - To change the algorithm to Blowfish, modify that line to - look like this: + 要更改演算法為 Blowfish，可修改該行如下： :passwd_format=blf:\ - Then run cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf as - described in . Note that this - change will not affect any existing password hashes. This - means that all passwords should be re-hashed by asking users - to run passwd in order to change their - password. + 然後依 中所描述的方式執行 cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf。注意，這個動作不會影響任何已存在的密碼雜湊，但這代表必須要求所有使用者執行 passwd 來更改其密碼才有辦法重新加密所有密碼。 - For remote logins, two-factor authentication should be - used. An example of two-factor authentication is - something you have, such as a key, and - something you know, such as the passphrase for - that key. Since OpenSSH is part of - the FreeBSD base system, all network logins should be over an - encrypted connection and use key-based authentication instead - of passwords. For more information, refer to . Kerberos users may need to make - additional changes to implement - OpenSSH in their network. These - changes are described in . + 針對遠端登入，應使用雙重認證 (Two-factor authentication)，舉例來說您同時要 有某樣東西，如：鑰匙，以及 知道某個資訊，如：密碼。自從 OpenSSH 是 FreeBSD 基礎系統的一部份，所有來算網路的登入應透過加密過的連線且使用以金鑰為基礎的認証來替代密碼。要了解更多資訊請參考 。Kerberos 的使用者可能會需要多做一些額外的更改才能在其網路上使用 OpenSSH，這些更改在 中會有說明。 強制密碼政策 - Enforcing a strong password policy for local accounts is a - fundamental aspect of system security. In FreeBSD, password - length, password strength, and password complexity can be - implemented using built-in Pluggable Authentication Modules - (PAM). + 強制在本地帳號使用高強度密碼的政策是系統安全的基礎之一。在 FreeBSD 密碼長度、密碼強度以及密碼複雜性可使用內建的可插拔認証模組 (Pluggable Authentication Modules, PAM) 來執行。 - This section demonstrates how to configure the minimum and - maximum password length and the enforcement of mixed - characters using the pam_passwdqc.so - module. This module is enforced when a user changes their - password. + 本節將示範如何設定密碼長度下限與上限以及使用 pam_passwdqc.so 來強制使用混合字元的密碼，此模組可在使用者更改其密碼時強制要求。 - To configure this module, become the superuser and - uncomment the line containing - pam_passwdqc.so in - /etc/pam.d/passwd. Then, edit that line - to match the password policy: + 要設定此模組，需要先成為超級使用者，然後取消註解在 /etc/pam.d/passwd 中含有 pam_passwdqc.so 的行。然後編輯該行來配合密碼政策： password requisite pam_passwdqc.so min=disabled,disabled,disabled,12,10 similar=deny retry=3 enforce=users - This example sets several requirements for new passwords. - The min setting controls the minimum - password length. It has five values because this module - defines five different types of passwords based on their - complexity. Complexity is defined by the type of characters - that must exist in a password, such as letters, numbers, - symbols, and case. The types of passwords are described in - pam_passwdqc8. In this example, the first three types - of passwords are disabled, meaning that passwords that meet - those complexity requirements will not be accepted, regardless - of their length. The 12 sets a minimum - password policy of at least twelve characters, if the password - also contains characters with three types of complexity. The - 10 sets the password policy to also allow - passwords of at least ten characters, if the password contains - characters with four types of complexity. + 這個例子會設定新密碼所需符合的需求。min 設定可以控制密碼長度下限，它有五個值因為這個模組根據密碼的複雜度定義了五種類型。而複雜度是由必須在密碼中存在的字元類型來定義，例如：文字、數字、符號以及大小寫，這些密碼類型在 pam_passwdqc8 有詳細的說明。在這個例子，密碼類型的前三項為關閉的，代表不會接受只滿足這些複雜度的密碼，不論長度為何。12 設定密碼政策可接受滿足三種字元類型複雜度且至少 12 個字元的密碼，10 設定密碼政策接受滿足四種字元類型複雜度且至少 10 個字元的密碼。 - The similar setting denies passwords - that are similar to the user's previous password. The - retry setting provides a user with three - opportunities to enter a new password. + similar 設定則會拒絕以使用者前一次類似的密碼。retry 設定會提供使用者三次輸入新密碼的機會。 - Once this file is saved, a user changing their password - will see a message similar to the following: + 一這個檔案儲存之後，更改密碼的使用者將會看到如下的訊息： % passwd Changing local password for trhodes @@ -17986,125 +17478,52 @@ pick this as your password: "trait-useful&knob". Enter new password: - If a password that does not match the policy is entered, - it will be rejected with a warning and the user will have an - opportunity to try again, up to the configured number of - retries. + 若輸入了一個不符何密碼政策的密碼，則會被拒絕並顯示警告，然後使用者會有機會再重試，直到超過設定的允許重試次數。 - Most password policies require passwords to expire after - so many days. To set a password age time in FreeBSD, set - for the user's login class in - /etc/login.conf. The - default login class contains an - example: + 大多數密碼政策會讓密碼在多日過後過期。要在 FreeBSD 設定密碼年齡日期，可在 /etc/login.conf 中該使用者的登入類別設定 。在 default 登入類別已有設定範例： # :passwordtime=90d:\ - So, to set an expiry of 90 days for this login class, - remove the comment symbol (#), save the - edit, and run cap_mkdb - /etc/login.conf. + 因此，要設定此登入類別的密碼在 90 天之後過期只需要移除註解符號 (#)，然後儲存編輯結果並執行 cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf。 - To set the expiration on individual users, pass an - expiration date or the number of days to expiry and a username - to pw: + 要在個別使用者設定期限，可將有效日期或到期的天數與使用者名稱傳給 pw： # pw usermod -p 30-apr-2015 -n trhodes - As seen here, an expiration date is set in the form of - day, month, and year. For more information, see - pw8. + 如這個例子，有效日期的格式為天、月以及年。要取得更多資訊可參考 pw8。 - 偵測 Rootkits + 偵測 Root 工具 (Rootkit) - A rootkit is any unauthorized - software that attempts to gain root access to a system. Once - installed, this malicious software will normally open up - another avenue of entry for an attacker. Realistically, once - a system has been compromised by a rootkit and an - investigation has been performed, the system should be - reinstalled from scratch. There is tremendous risk that even - the most prudent security or systems engineer will miss - something an attacker left behind. + rootkit 指的是嘗試未經授權取得系統 root 存取權的軟體。一旦安裝之後，這個惡意軟體將可以光明正大的開啟給另一個給攻擊者進入的大門。現實上，一但系統已被 rootkit 滲透且執行了搜索動作之後，該系統就應該從頭重新安裝，因為即使非常謹真的資安或系統工程式也可能會遺漏攻擊者留下的動西。 - A rootkit does do one thing usefulfor administrators: once - detected, it is a sign that a compromise happened at some - point. But, these types of applications tend to be very well - hidden. This section demonstrates a tool that can be used to - detect rootkits, security/rkhunter. + rootkit 所做過的事可提供管理者一個非常有用的資訊：一但偵測到，便代表某處已經被滲透，但這類的應用程式躲藏的非常好，本節將會示範一個可以用來偵測 rootkit 的工具，security/rkhunter。 - After installation of this package or port, the system may - be checked using the following command. It will produce a lot - of information and will require some manual pressing of - ENTER: + 安裝此套件或 Port 之後，系統便可使用以下指令檢查。該指令提供許多資訊且會需要手動按下 ENTER 確認： # rkhunter -c - After the process completes, a status message will be - printed to the screen. This message will include the amount - of files checked, suspect files, possible rootkits, and more. - During the check, some generic security warnings may - be produced about hidden files, the - OpenSSH protocol selection, and - known vulnerable versions of installed software. These can be - handled now or after a more detailed analysis has been - performed. + 該程序完成之後，目前狀態的訊息便會顯示在畫面上。這個訊息包含了已檢查過多少檔案、可疑的檔案、可能的 rootkit 以及其他更多資訊。在檢查的過程中，可能會產生一些有關隱藏檔案、OpenSSH 通訊協定選擇及已安裝軟體已知漏洞版本的通用的安全性警告、這些問題可以立即處理或在更詳細的分析之後再處理。 - Every administrator should know what is running on the - systems they are responsible for. Third-party tools like - rkhunter and - sysutils/lsof, and native commands such - as netstat and ps, can - show a great deal of information on the system. Take notes on - what is normal, ask questions when something seems out of - place, and be paranoid. While preventing a compromise is - ideal, detecting a compromise is a must. + 每位管理者應了解在系統上執行了那些程式以及這些程式的用途。第三方工具如 rkhunter 與 sysutils/lsof 以及原生指令如 netstat 與 ps 可以系統上大量的資訊，記錄下那一些是正常的，當有不適當的程式出現時提出疑問，然後找出答案。雖然理想要避免滲透，但也必須偵測是否已被滲透了。 Binary 檢驗 - Verification of system files and binaries is important - because it provides the system administration and security - teams information about system changes. A software - application that monitors the system for changes is called an - Intrusion Detection System (IDS). + 檢驗系統檔案與 Binary 是很重要的，因為它可以提供系統管理者與資安團隊有關系統變更的資訊，能夠監視系統變更的軟體應用程式稱為入侵偵測系統 (Intrusion Detection System, IDS)。 - FreeBSD provides native support for a basic - IDS system. While the nightly security - emails will notify an administrator of changes, the - information is stored locally and there is a chance that a - malicious user could modify this information in order to hide - their changes to the system. As such, it is recommended to - create a separate set of binary signatures and store them on a - read-only, root-owned directory or, preferably, on a removable - USB disk or remote - rsync server. + FreeBSD 原生提供了基礎的 IDS 系統，雖然每天晚上會有安全性的信件會通知管理者相關的變更，但這些資訊是儲存在本地的，這讓惡意的使用者有機會能夠修改這些資訊來隱藏其對系統的變更。也因此，會建議建立一個獨立的 Binary 簽名並將這些簽名儲存在唯度、root 擁有的目錄或在可移除的 USB 磁碟或遠端 rsync 伺服器更好。 - The built-in mtree utility can be used - to generate a specification of the contents of a directory. A - seed, or a numeric constant, is used to generate the - specification and is required to check that the specification - has not changed. This makes it possible to determine if a - file or binary has been modified. Since the seed value is - unknown by an attacker, faking or checking the checksum values - of files will be difficult to impossible. The following - example generates a set of SHA256 hashes, - one for each system binary in /bin, and - saves those values to a hidden file in root's home directory, - /root/.bin_chksum_mtree: + 內建 mtree 工具可以對一個目錄中的內容產生一個規格檔，產生規格檔會用到一個種子碼 (Seed) 或常數，然後在檢查規格是否有更改過時會也會需要使用這個種子碼或常數。這讓檢查一個檔案或 Binary 是否被修改變成可能的一件事。由於攻擊者並不知道種子碼，要仿冒或檢查檔案的校驗碼 (Checksum) 數值是幾乎不可能的。以下例子會產生一組 SHA256 雜湊，每一個在 /bin 的系統 Binary 都會有一個，並姐會將這些值以隱藏黨儲存在 root 的家目錄，/root/.bin_chksum_mtree： # mtree -s 3483151339707503 -c -K cksum,sha256digest -p /bin > /root/.bin_chksum_mtree # mtree: /bin checksum: 3427012225 - The 3483151339707503 represents - the seed. This value should be remembered, but not - shared. + 3483151339707503 代表種子碼，這個值應要記錄下來且不可給其它人看。 - Viewing /root/.bin_cksum_mtree should - yield output similar to the following: + 檢視 /root/.bin_cksum_mtree 應會產生類似以下的輸出結果： # user: root # machine: dreadnaught @@ -18127,29 +17546,14 @@ chmod size=8640 time=1380277975.000000000 cksum=2214429708 \ sha256digest=a435972263bf814ad8df082c0752aa2a7bdd8b74ff01431ccbd52ed1e490bbe7 - The machine's hostname, the date and time the - specification was created, and the name of the user who - created the specification are included in this report. There - is a checksum, size, time, and SHA256 - digest for each binary in the directory. + 機器的主機名稱、建立規格檔的日期與時間、以及建立此規格檔的使用者名稱皆會記錄在此報告當中，報告當中還會有在目錄中每個 Binary 的校驗碼、大小、時間以及 SHA256 編碼。 - To verify that the binary signatures have not changed, - compare the current contents of the directory to the - previously generated specification, and save the results to a - file. This command requires the seed that was used to - generate the original specification: + 要檢驗 Binary 簽名是否有被變更過，可使用先前產生的規格檔比對目前目錄的內容，然後儲存結果到檔案。這個指令需要當初產生原規格檔所使用的種子碼： # mtree -s 3483151339707503 -p /bin < /root/.bin_chksum_mtree >> /root/.bin_chksum_output # mtree: /bin checksum: 3427012225 - This should produce the same checksum for - /bin that was produced when the - specification was created. If no changes have occurred to the - binaries in this directory, the - /root/.bin_chksum_output output file will - be empty. To simulate a change, change the date on - /bin/cat using touch - and run the verification command again: + 這個動作應會產生與上次建立 /bin 規格檔時產生的校驗碼相同，若在此目錄的 Binary 沒有被變更過，那麼 /root/.bin_chksum_output 這個輸出檔將會是空的。要模擬變更，可以使用 touch 更改 /root/.bin_chksum_output 的日期然後再執行檢驗指令一次： # touch /bin/cat # mtree -s 3483151339707503 -p /bin < /root/.bin_chksum_mtree >> /root/.bin_chksum_output @@ -18157,110 +17561,35 @@ cat changed modification time expected Fri Sep 27 06:32:55 2013 found Mon Feb 3 10:28:43 2014 - It is recommended to create specifications for the - directories which contain binaries and configuration files, as - well as any directories containing sensitive data. Typically, - specifications are created for /bin, - /sbin, /usr/bin, - /usr/sbin, - /usr/local/bin, - /etc, and - /usr/local/etc. + 建議對含有 Binary 以及設定檔的目錄建立規格檔，對含有敏感資料的目錄也是。通常會為 /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin, /etc 及 /usr/local/etc 建立規格檔。 - More advanced IDS systems exist, such - as security/aide. In most cases, - mtree provides the functionality - administrators need. It is important to keep the seed value - and the checksum output hidden from malicious users. More - information about mtree can be found in - mtree8. + 也有更進階的 IDS 系統，例如 security/aide。大多數情況 mtree 已可提供管理者所需的功能。將種子碼與校驗碼結果保存在惡意使用者無法存取的地方是非常重要的一件事。更多有關 mtree 的資訊可在 mtree8 找到。 系統安全性調校 - In FreeBSD, many system features can be tuned using - sysctl. A few of the security features - which can be tuned to prevent Denial of Service - (DoS) attacks will be covered in this - section. More information about using - sysctl, including how to temporarily change - values and how to make the changes permanent after testing, - can be found in . + 在 FreeBSD，有許多系統功能可以使用 sysctl 調校，本節會涵蓋少數可以調校來避免阻斷服務 (Denial of Service, DoS) 攻擊的安全性功能。更多有關使用 sysctl 的資訊包含：如何暫時更改數值及如何在測試之後做永久更改可在 找到。 - Any time a setting is changed with - sysctl, the chance to cause undesired - harm is increased, affecting the availability of the system. - All changes should be monitored and, if possible, tried on a - testing system before being used on a production - system. + 任何時間使用 做的設定變更都會讓造成不想要的傷害的可能性上升，影響到系統的可用性。因此應要對所有的變更做監視，若可能的話，先在測試系統上實驗，再到上線的系統上使用。 - By default, the FreeBSD kernel boots with a security level of - -1. This is called insecure - mode because immutable file flags may be turned off - and all devices may be read from or written to. The security - level will remain at -1 unless it is - altered through sysctl or by a setting in - the startup scripts. The security level may be increased - during system startup by setting - kern_securelevel_enable to - YES in /etc/rc.conf, - and the value of kern_securelevel to the - desired security level. See security7 and init8 - for more information on these settings and the available - security levels. + 預設 FreeBSD 核心會使用安全性層級 -1 來開機，這又稱作不安全模式，因為不可變 (Immutable) 檔案旗標可以被關閉且可以讀取或寫入所有的裝置。除非有使用 sysctl 或在啟動 Script 設定修改該值，否則安全性層級將會在 -1。安全性層級可以在系統啟動時透過在 /etc/rc.conf 設定 kern_securelevel_enable 為 YES 以及 設定 kern_securelevel 的值為想要的安全層級來提升。請參考 security7 以及 init8 以取得更多與這些設定及可用的安全性層級相關的資訊。 - Increasing the securelevel can break - Xorg and cause other issues. Be - prepared to do some debugging. + 提高 securelevel 會導致 Xorg 無法執行以及造成其他問題，請做好除錯的準備。 - The net.inet.tcp.blackhole and - net.inet.udp.blackhole settings can be used - to drop incoming SYN packets on closed - ports without sending a return RST - response. The default behavior is to return an - RST to show a port is closed. Changing the - default provides some level of protection against ports scans, - which are used to determine which applications are running on - a system. Set net.inet.tcp.blackhole to - 2 and - net.inet.udp.blackhole to - 1. Refer to blackhole4 for more - information about these settings. + net.inet.tcp.blackhole 以及 net.inet.udp.blackhole 設定可以用來丟棄在已關閉連接埠 (Port) 收到的 SYN 封包且不會回傳 RST 回應，預設的動作是會回傳 RST 來表示該連接埠已被關閉，更改預設的動作可對連接埠掃描 (用在查看在系統上執行的應用程式) 提供一定程度的保護，要這麼做可設定 net.inet.tcp.blackhole 為 2 及 net.inet.udp.blackhole 為 1。請參考 blackhole4 以取得更多有關這些設定的資訊。 - The net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect and - net.inet.ip.redirect settings help prevent - against redirect attacks. A redirect - attack is a type of DoS which sends mass - numbers of ICMP type 5 packets. Since - these packets are not required, set - net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect to - 1 and set - net.inet.ip.redirect to - 0. + net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect 以及 net.inet.ip.redirect 設定可以幫助避免 重新導向攻擊 (Redirect attacks)，重新導向攻擊是 DoS 的一種，會傳送大量 ICMP 類型 5 的封包，由於這些封包並不是必要的，設定 net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect 為 1 以及設定 net.inet.ip.redirect 為 0 可丟棄這些封包。 - Source routing is a method for detecting and accessing - non-routable addresses on the internal network. This should - be disabled as non-routable addresses are normally not - routable on purpose. To disable this feature, set - net.inet.ip.sourceroute and - net.inet.ip.accept_sourceroute to - 0. + 來源路由 (Source routing) 是一種偵測與存取在內部網路中不可路由位址的方法，由於不可路由位址通常是固故讓它不可路由的，因此可以關閉這個功能。要關閉這個功能可設定 net.inet.ip.sourceroute 以及 net.inet.ip.accept_sourceroute 為 0。 - When a machine on the network needs to send messages to - all hosts on a subnet, an ICMP echo request - message is sent to the broadcast address. However, there is - no reason for an external host to perform such an action. To - reject all external broadcast requests, set - net.inet.icmp.bmcastecho to - 0. + 當一台在網路上的機器需要傳送訊息給所有在子網路上的主機時，會發送 ICMP 回應請求訊息到廣播位址。然而，外部的主機是沒有理由可以執行這個動作的。要拒絕所有來自外部的廣播請求可設定 net.inet.icmp.bmcastecho 為 0。 - Some additional settings are documented in - security7. + 還有一些額外的設定在 security7 有說明。 @@ -27060,50 +26389,31 @@ --> - Implementing a backup plan is essential in order to have the - ability to recover from disk failure, accidental file deletion, - random file corruption, or complete machine destruction, - including destruction of on-site backups. + 為了要能夠從磁碟故障、意外刪除文件、隨機文件損壞或完全機器毀壞，包含本地備份毀壞進行恢復，執行備份計劃是必要的。 - The backup type and schedule will vary, depending upon the - importance of the data, the granularity needed for file - restores, and the amount of acceptable downtime. Some possible - backup techniques include: + 備份的類型與排程會依情況有所不同，取決於資料的重要性、檔案還原所需的程度以及可接受的停機時間。一些可用來備份的技術有： - Archives of the whole system, backed up onto permanent, - off-site media. This provides protection against all of the - problems listed above, but is slow and inconvenient to - restore from, especially for non-privileged users. + 封存整個檔案系統，備份至永久、異地媒體。這可在以上所列的所有問題發生時提供保護，但要還原會較慢且不方便，特別是對於沒有權限的使用者。 - File system snapshots, which are useful for restoring - deleted files or previous versions of files. + 檔案系統快照 (Snapshot)，對於還原已刪除的檔案或先前版本的檔案非常有用。 - Copies of whole file systems or disks which are - synchronized with another system on the network using a - scheduled net/rsync. + 整個檔案系統或磁碟的複本，使用排程的 net/rsync 來與網路上的另一個系統同步。 - Hardware or software RAID, which - minimizes or avoids downtime when a disk fails. + 硬體或軟體 RAID，來最小化或避免當磁碟故障時的停機時間。 - Typically, a mix of backup techniques is used. For - example, one could create a schedule to automate a weekly, full - system backup that is stored off-site and to supplement this - backup with hourly ZFS snapshots. In addition, one could make a - manual backup of individual directories or files before making - file edits or deletions. + 通常會混合使用各種備份技術，例如，建立一個排程每週自動做儲存於異地的完整系統備份，並使用每小時的 ZFS 快照來輔助備份。此外，在對檔案做編輯或刪除前手動備份各別目錄或檔案。 - This section describes some of the utilities which can be - used to create and manage backups on a FreeBSD system. + 本章節會介紹一些可以用來在 FreeBSD 上建立與管理系統備份的工具。 檔案系統備份 @@ -27119,55 +26429,22 @@ restore - The traditional UNIX programs for backing up a file - system are dump8, which creates the backup, and - restore8, which restores the backup. These utilities - work at the disk block level, below the abstractions of the - files, links, and directories that are created by file - systems. Unlike other backup software, - dump backs up an entire file system and is - unable to backup only part of a file system or a directory - tree that spans multiple file systems. Instead of writing - files and directories, dump writes the raw - data blocks that comprise files and directories. + 要備份一個檔案系統，會用到 dump8 這個傳統 UNIX 程式來建立備份，並可使用 restore8 來還原備份。這兩個工具可在磁碟區塊的層級運作，這個層級比由檔案系統建立檔案、連結與目錄的抽象層級還要低，因此不像其他的備份軟體，dump 必須一次備份整個檔案系統，且無法只備份部份檔案系統或跨多個檔案系統的目錄樹，dump 會備份構成檔案與目錄的原始資料區塊，而非直接備份檔案與目錄。 - If dump is used on the root - directory, it will not back up /home, - /usr or many other directories since - these are typically mount points for other file systems or - symbolic links into those file systems. + 在根目錄使用 dump，會無法備份 /home, /usr 或其他許多的目錄，由於這些目錄通常是其他檔案系統的掛載點或連結到其他檔案系統的符號連結。 - When used to restore data, restore - stores temporary files in /tmp/ by - default. When using a recovery disk with a small - /tmp, set TMPDIR to a - directory with more free space in order for the restore to - succeed. + 還原資料時，restore 預設會儲存暫存檔案於 /tmp/，當使用一個 /tmp 較小的復原磁碟時，請設定 TMPDIR 到一個擁有較多可用空間的目錄以讓還原可以順利執行。 - When using dump, be aware that some - quirks remain from its early days in Version 6 of - AT&T UNIX,circa 1975. The default parameters assume a - backup to a 9-track tape, rather than to another type of media - or to the high-density tapes available today. These defaults - must be overridden on the command line. + 當使用 dump 時，請小心最早自 AT&T UNIX,circa 1975 的版本 6 仍有一些問題存在，預設的參數會假設備份到一個 9 軌的磁帶，這並非其他類型的媒體或現今可用的高密度磁帶，必須另外在指令列修改這個預設值。 .rhosts - It is possible to backup a file system across the network - to a another system or to a tape drive attached to another - computer. While the rdump8 and rrestore8 - utilities can be used for this purpose, they are not - considered to be secure. + 雖然可以使用 rdump8 與 rrestore8 工具可以跨網路備份一個檔案系統到另一個系統或備份到連結另一台電腦的磁帶機，但這使用兩個工具備份的安全性並不足夠。 - Instead, one can use dump and - restore in a more secure fashion over an - SSH connection. This example creates a - full, compressed backup of /usr and sends - the backup file to the specified host over a - SSH connection. + 可改以在較安全的 SSH 連線上使用 dump 與 restore。以下例子會建立一個完整、壓縮的 /usr 備份並透過 SSH 連線傳送備份檔案到指定的主機。 在 <application>ssh</application> 使用 <command>dump</command> @@ -27176,9 +26453,7 @@ targetuser@targetmachine.example.com dd of=/mybigfiles/dump-usr-l0.gz - This example sets RSH in order to write the - backup to a tape drive on a remote system over a - SSH connection: + 這個例子會設定 RSH，以便透過 SSH 連線寫入備份到遠端系統的磁帶機： 在 <application>ssh</application> 使用 <command>dump</command> 透過 <envar>RSH</envar> 設定 @@ -27195,23 +26470,13 @@ tar - Several built-in utilities are available for backing up - and restoring specified files and directories as - needed. + 系統已有內建數個工具可在需要時用來備份與還原指定的檔案與目錄。 - A good choice for making a backup of all of the files in a - directory is tar1. This utility dates back to Version - 6 of AT&T UNIX and by default assumes a recursive backup - to a local tape device. Switches can be used to instead - specify the name of a backup file. + 要備份一個目錄中的所有檔案最好的選擇是 tar1，這個工具最早可以追朔自 AT&T UNIX 版本 6 時，因此預設會做一個遞迴備份到一個磁帶機，可以使用參數來改指定備份檔案的名稱。 tar - This example creates a compressed backup of the current - directory and saves it to - /tmp/mybackup.tgz. When creating a - backup file, make sure that the backup is not saved to the - same directory that is being backed up. + 這個例子會建立目前目錄的壓縮備份並儲存至 /tmp/mybackup.tgz，在建立備份檔案時，要確認備份檔案不要儲存到與目前備份目錄相同的目錄。 使用 <command>tar</command> 備份目前目錄 @@ -27219,12 +26484,7 @@ # tar czvf /tmp/mybackup.tgz . - To restore the entire backup, cd into - the directory to restore into and specify the name of the - backup. Note that this will overwrite any newer versions of - files in the restore directory. When in doubt, restore to a - temporary directory or specify the name of the file within the - backup to restore. + 要還原整個備份，先 cd 進入要放置還原檔的目錄並指定備份的名稱。注意，這個動作會覆寫任何在該還原目錄中任何較新版的檔案，當不確定時，可先還原到一個暫時的目錄或指定備份檔中的檔案做還原。 使用 <command>tar</command> 還原目前目錄 @@ -27232,11 +26492,7 @@ # tar xzvf /tmp/mybackup.tgz - There are dozens of available switches which are described - in tar1. This utility also supports the use of exclude - patterns to specify which files should not be included when - backing up the specified directory or restoring files from a - backup. + 除此之外還有許多可用的參數在 tar1 中會有說明。本工具也支援使用排除模式 (Exclude pattern) 來指定那些檔案應該在備份指定目錄或自備份還原檔案時排除。 backup software @@ -27243,18 +26499,9 @@ cpio - To create a backup using a specified list of files and - directories, cpio1 is a good choice. Unlike - tar, cpio does not know - how to walk the directory tree and it must be provided the - list of files to backup. + 要使用指定的檔案與目錄清單做備份使用 cpio1 是不錯的選擇。它並不像 tar，cpio 並不知道如何走訪目錄樹，所以必須提供檔案的清單才能做備份。 - For example, a list of files can be created using - ls or find. This - example creates a recursive listing of the current directory - which is then piped to cpio in order to - create an output backup file named - /tmp/mybackup.cpio. + 例如，檔案的清單可以使用 ls 或 find 來產生。以下例子會建立一個目前目錄的遞迴清單然後轉送 (Piped) 給 cpio 來建立名稱為 /tmp/mybackup.cpio 的備份檔。 使用 <command>ls</command> 與 <command>cpio</command> 來製作目前目錄的遞迴備份 @@ -27270,17 +26517,9 @@ POSIX IEEE - A backup utility which tries to bridge the features - provided by tar and cpio - is pax1. Over the years, the various versions of - tar and cpio became - slightly incompatible. POSIX created pax - which attempts to read and write many of the various - cpio and tar formats, - plus new formats of its own. + 有一個備份工具嘗試整合 tar 與 cpio 所提供的功能，便是 pax1。經歷數年，各種版本的 tar 與 cpio 變的有一些無法相容。POSIX 開發出 pax，嘗試讀取與寫入各種版本的 cpio and tar 格式並加入自己的新格式。 - The pax equivalent to the previous - examples would be: + 以先前的例子改使用 pax 會是： 使用 <command>pax</command> 備份目前目錄 @@ -27294,57 +26533,29 @@ tape media - While tape technology has continued to evolve, modern - backup systems tend to combine off-site backups with local - removable media. FreeBSD supports any tape drive that uses - SCSI, such as LTO or - DAT. There is limited support for - SATA and USB tape - drives. + 隨著磁帶的技術持續發展，當今的備份系統將異地備份與本地可移除媒體做了結合。FreeBSD 支援任何使用 SCSI 的磁帶機，如 LTO 或 DAT，並有限制的支援 SATA 與 USB 磁帶機。 - For SCSI tape devices, FreeBSD uses the - sa4 driver and the /dev/sa0, - /dev/nsa0, and - /dev/esa0 devices. The physical device - name is /dev/sa0. When - /dev/nsa0 is used, the backup application - will not rewind the tape after writing a file, which allows - writing more than one file to a tape. Using - /dev/esa0 ejects the tape after the - device is closed. + SCSI 磁帶機在 FreeBSD 會使用 sa4 驅動程式以及 /dev/sa0, /dev/nsa0 與 /dev/esa0 裝置，實體裝置名稱為 /dev/sa0，當使用 /dev/nsa0 時，備份程式在寫入檔案之後不會倒帶，這可允許寫入超過一個檔案到磁帶，而使用 /dev/esa0 時，當關閉裝置後便會退出磁帶。 - In FreeBSD, mt is used to control - operations of the tape drive, such as seeking through files on - a tape or writing tape control marks to the tape. For - example, the first three files on a tape can be preserved by - skipping past them before writing a new file: + 在 FreeBSD 中會使用 mt 來做磁帶機的控制操作，例如在磁帶中搜尋檔案或寫入磁帶控制記號到磁帶。例如，要保留磁帶上的前三個檔案，可以在寫入新檔案前跳過這些檔案： # mt -f /dev/nsa0 fsf 3 - This utility supports many operations. Refer to - mt1 for details. + 這個工具尚支援許多操作，請參考 mt1 了解詳情。 - To write a single file to tape using - tar, specify the name of the tape device - and the file to backup: + 要使用 tar 寫入單一檔案到磁帶，可指定磁帶裝置的名稱以及要備份的檔案： # tar cvf /dev/sa0 file - To recover files from a tar archive - on tape into the current directory: + 要從磁帶上的 tar 封存檔還原檔案到目前的目錄可： # tar xvf /dev/sa0 - To backup a UFS file system, use - dump. This examples backs up - /usr without rewinding the tape when - finished: + 要備份一個 UFS 檔案系統可使用 dump。以下例子會備份 /usr 並在完成時不做倒帶： # dump -0aL -b64 -f /dev/nsa0 /usr - To interactively restore files from a - dump file on tape into the current - directory: + 要以互動的方式從磁帶上的 dump 檔案還原到目前目錄： # restore -i -f /dev/nsa0 @@ -27356,32 +26567,20 @@ backup software - The FreeBSD Ports Collection provides many third-party - utilities which can be used to schedule the creation of - backups, simplify tape backup, and make backups easier and - more convenient. Many of these applications are client/server - based and can be used to automate the backups of a single - system or all of the computers in a network. + FreeBSD Port 套件集提供了許多第三方工具可用於排程建立備份，簡化磁帶備份並讓備份更簡單方便。許多這類的應用程式是以客戶端/伺服器為基礎，可用來自動化單一系統或網路上所有電腦的備份。 - Popular utilities include - Amanda, - Bacula, - rsync, and - duplicity. + 較熱門的工具包含 Amanda, Bacula, rsync 以及 duplicity。 緊急還原 - In addition to regular backups, it is recommended to - perform the following steps as part of an emergency - preparedness plan. + 除了正常的備份外，建議將下以步驟做為緊急準備計劃的一部份。 bsdlabel - Create a print copy of the output of the following - commands: + 替以下指令的輸出建立一份可列印的複本： @@ -27400,31 +26599,15 @@ livefs CD - Store this printout and a copy of the installation media - in a secure location. Should an emergency restore be - needed, boot into the installation media and select - Live CD to access a rescue shell. This - rescue mode can be used to view the current state of the - system, and if needed, to reformat disks and restore data - from backups. + 在安全的地方保存這份列印結果與安裝媒體的複本，在緊急還原時可能會需要，接著開機進入安裝媒體並選擇 Live CD 以存取救援 Shell (Rescue shell)，這個救援模式可以用來檢視目前系統的狀態，若有需要，可重新格式化磁碟然後自備份還原資料。 - The installation media for - FreeBSD/i386 10.3-RELEASE does not - include a rescue shell. For this version, instead - download and burn a Livefs CD image from - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-i386-livefs.iso. + FreeBSD/i386 10.3-RELEASE 的安裝媒體未含救援 Shell，針對該版本，可改自 ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-i386-livefs.iso 下載 CD 映像檔並燒錄。 - Next, test the rescue shell and the backups. Make notes - of the procedure. Store these notes with the media, the - printouts, and the backups. These notes may prevent the - inadvertent destruction of the backups while under the stress - of performing an emergency recovery. + 然後，測試救援 Shell 下的備份。記錄下整個程序，將這份記錄隨媒體、列印結果、備份檔一併保存，這份記錄可以避免在緊張壓力下做緊急還原時因不慎造成備份的毀壞。 - For an added measure of security, store the latest backup - at a remote location which is physically separated from the - computers and disk drives by a significant distance. + 要再安全性一點，則可將最新的備份儲存在與實體電腦與磁碟機有一段明顯距離的遠端位置。 @@ -33041,13 +32224,13 @@ L2ARC - L2ARC 是 ZFS 快取系統的第二層，主要的 ARC 會儲存在 RAM 當中，但因為 RAM 可用的空間量通常有限，因此 ZFS 也可以使用 快取 vdev (Cache vdev)。固態磁碟 (Solid State Disk, SSD) 常被拿來此處作為快取裝置，因為比起傳統旋轉碟片的磁碟，固體磁碟有較快的速度與較低的延遲。L2ARC 是選用的，但使用可以明顯增進那些已使用 SSD 快取的檔案讀取速度，無須從一般磁碟讀取。L2ARC 也同樣可以加速去重複 (Deduplication)，因為 DDT 並不適合放在 RAM，但適合放在 L2ARC，比起要從磁碟讀取，可以加快不少速度。為了避免 SSD 因寫入次速過多而過早耗損，加入到快取裝置的資料速率會被限制，直到快取用盡 (去除第一個資料區塊來騰出空間) 之前，寫入到 L2ARC 的資料速率會限制在寫入限制 (Write limit) 與加速限制 (Boost limit) 的總合，之後則會限制為寫入限制，可以控制這兩個速度限制的 sysctl8 數值分別為 vfs.zfs.l2arc_write_max 控制每秒有多少數位元組可寫入到快取，而 vfs.zfs.l2arc_write_boost 可在 渦輪預熱階段 (即寫入加速) 時增加寫入限制。 + L2ARC 是 ZFS 快取系統的第二層，主要的 ARC 會儲存在 RAM 當中，但因為 RAM 可用的空間量通常有限，因此 ZFS 也可以使用 快取 vdev (Cache vdev)。固態磁碟 (Solid State Disk, SSD) 常被拿來此處作為快取裝置，因為比起傳統旋轉碟片的磁碟，固態磁碟有較快的速度與較低的延遲。L2ARC 是選用的，但使用可以明顯增進那些已使用 SSD 快取的檔案讀取速度，無須從一般磁碟讀取。L2ARC 也同樣可以加速去重複 (Deduplication)，因為 DDT 並不適合放在 RAM，但適合放在 L2ARC，比起要從磁碟讀取，可以加快不少速度。為了避免 SSD 因寫入次速過多而過早耗損，加入到快取裝置的資料速率會被限制，直到快取用盡 (去除第一個資料區塊來騰出空間) 之前，寫入到 L2ARC 的資料速率會限制在寫入限制 (Write limit) 與加速限制 (Boost limit) 的總合，之後則會限制為寫入限制，可以控制這兩個速度限制的 sysctl8 數值分別為 vfs.zfs.l2arc_write_max 控制每秒有多少數位元組可寫入到快取，而 vfs.zfs.l2arc_write_boost 可在 渦輪預熱階段 (即寫入加速) 時增加寫入限制。 ZIL - ZIL 會使用儲存裝置，例如，比那些用在主要儲存池還快的 SSD 來加速同步交易 (Synchronous transaction)。當應用程式請求做一個同步的寫入時 (保証資料會安全的儲存到磁碟，而不是先快取稍後再寫入)，資料會先寫入到速度較快的 ZIL 儲存空間，之後再一併寫入到一般的磁碟。這可大量的減少延遲並增進效能。ZIL 只會有利於使用像資料庫這類的同步工作，一般非同步的寫入像複製檔案，則完全不會用到 ZIL。 + ZIL 會使用比主要儲存池還更快的儲存裝置來加速同步寫入動作 (Synchronous transaction)，如 SSD。當應用程式請求做一個同步的寫入時 (保証資料會安全的儲存到磁碟，而不是先快取稍後再寫入)，資料會先寫入到速度較快的 ZIL 儲存空間，之後再一併寫入到一般的磁碟。這可大量的減少延遲並增進效能。ZIL 只會有利於使用像資料庫這類的同步工作，一般非同步的寫入像複製檔案，則完全不會用到 ZIL。 @@ -33117,7 +32300,7 @@ - LZJB - 預設的壓縮演算法。由 Jeff Bonwick 所開發 (ZFS 的創始人之一)。LZJB與 GZIP 相比，可以較低的 CPU 提供較佳的壓縮功能。在未來預設的壓縮演算法將會更換為 LZ4。 + LZJB - 預設的壓縮演算法。由 Jeff Bonwick 所開發 (ZFS 的創始人之一)。LZJB 與 GZIP 相比，可以較低的 CPU 提供較佳的壓縮功能。在未來預設的壓縮演算法將會更換為 LZ4。 @@ -34341,7 +33524,7 @@ Now that the Linux kernel is loaded, the guest can be started: - # bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap1 -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./linux.img \ + # bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./linux.img \ -s 4:0,ahci-cd,./somelinux.iso -l com1,stdio -c 4 -m 1024M linuxguest The system will boot and start the installer. After @@ -34369,7 +33552,7 @@ Boot the virtual machine: - # bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap1 \ + # bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 \ -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./linux.img -l com1,stdio -c 4 -m 1024M linuxguest Linux will now boot in the virtual machine and @@ -34395,7 +33578,7 @@ When starting the VM, specify the ZFS volume as the disk drive: - # bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap1 -s3:0,virtio-blk,/dev/zvol/zroot/linuxdisk0 \ + # bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 -s3:0,virtio-blk,/dev/zvol/zroot/linuxdisk0 \ -l com1,stdio -c 4 -m 1024M linuxguest @@ -34420,7 +33603,7 @@ information. # kldload nmdm -# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap1 -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./linux.img \ +# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./linux.img \ -l com1,/dev/nmdm0A -c 4 -m 1024M linuxguest # cu -l /dev/nmdm0B Connected @@ -41254,7 +40437,7 @@ - Mail User Agent (MUA) + 郵件使用者代理程式 (Mail User Agent, MUA) The Mail User Agent (MUA) is an application which is used to compose, send, and receive @@ -41276,7 +40459,7 @@ - Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) + 郵件傳輸代理程式 (Mail Transfer Agent, MTA) The Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) is responsible for receiving incoming mail and delivering @@ -41298,7 +40481,7 @@ - Mail Host and Mailboxes + 郵件主機 (Mail Host) 與郵件信箱 (Mailbox) The mail host is a server that is responsible for delivering and receiving mail for a host or a network. @@ -41347,7 +40530,7 @@ - 網域名稱系統 (DNS) + 網域名稱系統 (Domain Name System, DNS) The Domain Name System (DNS) and its daemon named play a large role in @@ -45228,49 +44411,16 @@ LDAP - The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol - (LDAP) is an application layer protocol used - to access, modify, and authenticate objects using a distributed - directory information service. Think of it as a phone or record - book which stores several levels of hierarchical, homogeneous - information. It is used in Active Directory and - OpenLDAP networks and allows users to - access to several levels of internal information utilizing a - single account. For example, email authentication, pulling - employee contact information, and internal website - authentication might all make use of a single user account in - the LDAP server's record base. + 輕量級目錄存取協定 (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, LDAP) 是一個利用分散式目錄資訊服務來做到存取、修改與認証物件的應用層通訊協定，可以想像成是一本可以儲存數個階層、同質資訊的電話簿或記錄簿。它用在 Active Directory 及 OpenLDAP 網路，允許使用者利用一個帳號來存取數個階層的內部資訊，例如：電子郵件認証、取得員工聯絡資訊及內部網站的認証皆可使用 LDAP 伺服器資料庫中的單一使用者帳號來存取。 - This section provides a quick start guide for configuring an - LDAP server on a FreeBSD system. It assumes - that the administrator already has a design plan which includes - the type of information to store, what that information will be - used for, which users should have access to that information, - and how to secure this information from unauthorized - access. + 本章節將介紹在 FreeBSD 系統上如何快速的設定一個 LDAP 伺服器。本章節假設管理者已做好規劃，這包含：要儲存何種類型的資訊、這些資訊要來做什麼、那些使用者擁有存取這些資訊的權限以及如何確保這些資訊不會被未經授權存取。 <acronym>LDAP</acronym> 術語與結構 - LDAP uses several terms which should be - understood before starting the configuration. All directory - entries consist of a group of - attributes. Each of these attribute - sets contains a unique identifier known as a - Distinguished Name - (DN) which is normally built from several - other attributes such as the common or - Relative Distinguished Name - (RDN). Similar to how directories have - absolute and relative paths, consider a DN - as an absolute path and the RDN as the - relative path. + LDAP 使用了數個術語在開始設置之前必須先了解。所有的目錄項目由一群屬性 (attributes) 所組成，每個屬性集皆有一個獨特的辨識碼稱為辨識名稱 (Distinguished Name, DN)，這個辨識碼會由數個其他的屬性，如：常用或相對辨識名稱 (Relative Distinguished Name, RDN) 所組成，這就像目錄有絕對路徑與相對路徑，可以把 DN 當做絕對路徑，RDN 當做相對路徑。 - An example LDAP entry looks like the - following. This example searches for the entry for the - specified user account (uid), - organizational unit (ou), and organization - (o): + LDAP 項目的例子如下。這個例子會搜尋指定使用者帳號 (uid)、組織單位 (ou) 及組織的項目 (o)： % ldapsearch -xb "uid=trhodes,ou=users,o=example.com" # extended LDIF @@ -45295,15 +44445,9 @@ # numResponses: 2 # numEntries: 1 - This example entry shows the values for the - dn, mail, - cn, uid, and - telephoneNumber attributes. The - cn attribute is the - RDN. + 這個範例項目會顯示 dn, mail, cn, uid 以及 telephoneNumber 屬性的數值。而 cn 屬性則是 RDN。 - More information about LDAP and its - terminology can be found at http://www.openldap.org/doc/admin24/intro.html. + 更多有關 LDAP 以及其術語的資訊可在 http://www.openldap.org/doc/admin24/intro.html 找到。 @@ -45311,67 +44455,37 @@ LDAP Server - FreeBSD does not provide a built-in LDAP - server. Begin the configuration by installing the net/openldap24-server package or port. - Since the port has many configurable options, it is - recommended that the default options are reviewed to see if - the package is sufficient, and to instead compile the port if - any options should be changed. In most cases, the defaults - are fine. However, if SQL support is needed, this option must - be enabled and the port compiled using the instructions in - . + FreeBSD 並未提供內建的 LDAP 伺服器，因此要從安裝 net/openldap24-server 套件或 Port 開始設置。由於 Port 有許多可以設定的選項，建議安裝套件使用預設的選項，若選項必須做修改才改用編譯 Port 的方式安裝，大多數的案例皆可使用預設值。然而，若需要支援 SQL，則必須開啟選項並依 的指示編譯 Port。 - Next, create the directories to hold the data and to store - the certificates: + 接著，建立目錄來儲存資枓以及儲存憑證： # mkdir /var/db/openldap-data # mkdir /usr/local/etc/openldap/private - Copy over the database configuration file: + 複製資料庫設定檔： # cp /usr/local/etc/openldap/DB_CONFIG.example /var/db/openldap-data/DB_CONFIG - The next phase is to configure the certificate authority. - The following commands must be executed from - /usr/local/etc/openldap/private. This is - important as the file permissions need to be restrictive and - users should not have access to these files. To create the - certificate authority, start with this command and follow the - prompts: + 下一個階段是設定憑証機構 (Certificate authority)。以下指令必須在 /usr/local/etc/openldap/private 執行，這很重要是由於檔案權限須要被限制且使用者不應有這些檔案的存取權限。要建立憑証授權，需先輸人這個指令並依提示作業： # openssl req -days 365 -nodes -new -x509 -keyout ca.key -out ../ca.crt - The entries for the prompts may be generic - except for the - Common Name. This entry must be - different than the system hostname. If - this will be a self signed certificate, prefix the hostname - with CA for certificate authority. + 提示的輸入項目除了通用名稱 (Common Name) 其他是可以一樣的，這個項目必須使用與系統主機名稱 不同 的名稱。若這是一個自行簽署的憑証 (Self signed certificate)，則在憑証機構 CA 的前面加上主機名稱。 - The next task is to create a certificate signing request - and a private key. Input this command and follow the - prompts: + 接下來的工作是建立一個憑証簽署的請求及私鑰。請輸入以下指令然後依提示操作： # openssl req -days 365 -nodes -new -keyout server.key -out server.csr - During the certificate generation process, be sure to - correctly set the Common Name attribute. - Once complete, sign the key: + 在憑証產生程序的過程中請確認 Common Name 屬性設定正確。完成之後便可簽署金鑰： # openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -out ../server.crt -CA ../ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial - The final part of the certificate generation process is to - generate and sign the client certificates: + 在憑証產生程序的最後一步是產生並簽署用戶憑証： # openssl req -days 365 -nodes -new -keyout client.key -out client.csr # openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in client.csr -out ../client.crt -CA ../ca.crt -CAkey ca.key - Remember to use the same Common Name - attribute when prompted. When finished, ensure that a total - of eight (8) new files have been generated through the - proceeding commands. If so, the next step is to edit - /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.conf and - add the following options: + 要記得當提示是要使用同樣的 Common Name 屬性。完成之後，請確認執行的指令產生了共 8 個新檔案。若正確無誤，下個步驟便是編輯 /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.conf 並加入以下選項： TLSCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:+SSLv3 TLSCertificateFile /usr/local/etc/openldap/server.crt @@ -45378,21 +44492,12 @@ TLSCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/etc/openldap/private/server.key TLSCACertificateFile /usr/local/etc/openldap/ca.crt - Then, edit - /usr/local/etc/openldap/ldap.conf and add - the following lines: + 接著編輯 /usr/local/etc/openldap/ldap.conf 然後加入下行： TLS_CACERT /usr/local/etc/openldap/ca.crt TLS_CIPHER_SUITE HIGH:MEDIUM:+SSLv3 - While editing this file, uncomment the following entries - and set them to the desired values: , - , and - . Set the to - contain and - . Then, add two entries pointing to - the certificate authority. When finished, the entries should - look similar to the following: + 在編輯這個檔案的時候，取消註解以下項目然後設定這些項目使用實際要使用的數值：, , 以 。設定 要包含 及 。然後加入兩個項目指向憑証機構。完成之後，所有的設定項目會如下： BASE dc=example,dc=com URI ldap:// ldaps:// @@ -45403,34 +44508,18 @@ TLS_CACERT /usr/local/etc/openldap/ca.crt TLS_CIPHER_SUITE HIGH:MEDIUM:+SSLv3 - The default password for the server should then be - changed: + 給伺服器用的預設密碼應該要更換： # slappasswd -h "{SHA}" >> /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.conf - This command will prompt for the password and, if the - process does not fail, a password hash will be added to the - end of slapd.conf. Several hashing - formats are supported. Refer to the manual page for - slappasswd for more information. + 這個指令會提示輸入密碼，若程序沒有失敗，便會將編碼過的密碼加到 slapd.conf 的最後。支援的編碼格式有許多種，請參考 slappasswd 的操作手冊以取得更多資訊。 - Next, edit - /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.conf and - add the following lines: + 接著編輯 /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.conf 並加入下行： password-hash {sha} allow bind_v2 - The in this file must be updated - to match the used in - /usr/local/etc/openldap/ldap.conf and - should also be set. A recommended - value for is something like - . Before saving this file, place - the in front of the password output - from slappasswd and delete the old - . The end result should - look similar to this: + 在這個設定檔的 必須更新為與在 /usr/local/etc/openldap/ldap.conf 及 使用的 相同。 建議的值為 。在儲存這個檔案之前，將 放到由 slappasswd 產生的密碼之前，然後刪除原有的 。最後的結果應該如下： TLSCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:+SSLv3 TLSCertificateFile /usr/local/etc/openldap/server.crt @@ -45438,20 +44527,16 @@ TLSCACertificateFile /usr/local/etc/openldap/ca.crt rootpw {SHA}W6ph5Mm5Pz8GgiULbPgzG37mj9g= - Finally, enable the OpenLDAP - service in /etc/rc.conf and set the - URI: + 最後，在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟 OpenLDAP 服務並設定 URI： slapd_enable="YES" slapd_flags="-4 -h ldaps:///" - At this point the server can be started and tested: + 此時便可啟動並測試伺服器： # service slapd start - If everything is configured correctly, a search of the - directory should show a successful connection with a single - response as in this example: + 若所有的設定均正確，搜尋目錄應會如此範例顯示成功連線並有一筆回應： # ldapsearch -Z # extended LDIF @@ -45469,18 +44554,13 @@ # numResponses: 1 - If the command fails and the configuration looks - correct, stop the slapd service and - restart it with debugging options: + 若指令失敗且設定看起來沒有問題，可先停止 slapd 服務並開啟除錯選項並重新啟動： # service slapd stop # /usr/local/libexec/slapd -d -1 - Once the service is responding, the directory can be - populated using ldapadd. In this example, - a file containing this list of users is first created. Each - user should use the following format: + 服務有回應之後，便可使用 ldapadd 匯入資料到目錄。在此例中，會先建立一個含有使用者清單的檔案，每位使用者應使用以下格式定義： dn: dc=example,dc=com objectclass: dcObject @@ -45492,9 +44572,7 @@ objectclass: organizationalRole cn: Manager - To import this file, specify the file name. The following - command will prompt for the password specified earlier and the - output should look something like this: + 要匯入這個檔案，可指定檔案名稱。以下指令會提示輸入先前設定過的密碼然後輸入如下的結果： # ldapadd -Z -D "cn=Manager,dc=example,dc=com" -W -f import.ldif Enter LDAP Password: @@ -45502,8 +44580,7 @@ adding new entry "cn=Manager,dc=example,dc=com" - Verify the data was added by issuing a search on the - server using ldapsearch: + 使用 ldapsearch 發出一個查詢到伺服器來確認資料已新增： % ldapsearch -Z # extended LDIF @@ -45533,8 +44610,7 @@ # numResponses: 3 # numEntries: 2 - At this point, the server should be configured and - functioning properly. + 此時，伺服器應已設定完成並可正常運作。 @@ -45550,7 +44626,7 @@ --> - 動態主機設定協定 (<acronym>DHCP</acronym>) + 動態主機設置協定 (<acronym>DHCP</acronym>) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol @@ -45560,99 +44636,39 @@ Internet Systems Consortium (ISC) - The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - (DHCP) allows a system to connect to a - network in order to be assigned the necessary addressing - information for communication on that network. FreeBSD includes - the OpenBSD version of dhclient which is used - by the client to obtain the addressing information. FreeBSD does - not install a DHCP server, but several - servers are available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection. The - DHCP protocol is fully described in RFC - 2131. - Informational resources are also available at isc.org/downloads/dhcp/. + 動態主機設置協定 (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, DHCP) 可分配必要的位置資訊給一個連線到網路的系統以在該網路通訊。FreeBSD 內含 OpenBSD 版本的 dhclient，可用來做為客戶端來取得位置資訊。FreeBSD 預設並不會安裝 DHCP 伺服器，但在 FreeBSD Port 套件集中有許多可用的伺服器。有關 DHCP 通訊協定的完整說明位於 RFC 2131，相關資源也可至 isc.org/downloads/dhcp/ 取得。 - This section describes how to use the built-in - DHCP client. It then describes how to - install and configure a DHCP server. + 本節將介紹如何使用內建的 DHCP 客戶端，接著會介紹如何安裝並設定一個 DHCP 伺服器。 - In FreeBSD, the bpf4 device is needed by both the - DHCP server and DHCP - client. This device is included in the - GENERIC kernel that is installed with - FreeBSD. Users who prefer to create a custom kernel need to keep - this device if DHCP is used. + 在 FreeBSD 中，bpf4 裝置同時會被 DHCP 伺服器與 DHCP 客戶端所使用。這個裝置會在 GENERIC 核心中被引用並隨著 FreeBSD 安裝。想要建立自訂核心的使用者若要使用 DHCP 則須保留這個裝置。 - It should be noted that bpf also - allows privileged users to run network packet sniffers on - that system. + 另外要注意 bpf 也會讓有權限的使用者在該系統上可執行網路封包監聽程式。 設定 <acronym>DHCP</acronym> 客戶端 - DHCP client support is included in the - FreeBSD installer, making it easy to configure a newly installed - system to automatically receive its networking addressing - information from an existing DHCP server. - Refer to for examples of - network configuration. + DHCP 客戶端內含在 FreeBSD 安裝程式當中，這讓在新安裝的系統上設定自動從 DHCP 伺服器接收網路位置資訊變的更簡單。請參考 取得網路設置的範例。 UDP - When dhclient is executed on the client - machine, it begins broadcasting requests for configuration - information. By default, these requests use - UDP port 68. The server replies on - UDP port 67, giving the client an - IP address and other relevant network - information such as a subnet mask, default gateway, and - DNS server addresses. This information is - in the form of a DHCP - lease and is valid for a configurable time. - This allows stale IP addresses for clients - no longer connected to the network to automatically be reused. - DHCP clients can obtain a great deal of - information from the server. An exhaustive list may be found - in dhcp-options5. + 當 dhclient 在客戶端機器上執行時，它便會開始廣播請求取得設置資訊。預設這些請求會使用 UDP 埠號 68。而伺服器則會在 UDP 埠號 67 來回覆，將 IP 位址與其他相關的網路資訊，如：子網路遮罩、預設閘道及 DNS 伺服器位址告訴客戶端，詳細的清單可在 dhcp-options5 找到。 - By default, when a FreeBSD system boots, its - DHCP client runs in the background, or - asynchronously. Other startup scripts - continue to run while the DHCP process - completes, which speeds up system startup. + 預設當 FreeBSD 系統開機時，其 DHCP 客戶端會在背景執行或稱非同步 (Asynchronously) 執行，在完成 DHCP 程序的同時其他啟動 Script 會繼續執行，來加速系統啟動。 - Background DHCP works well when the - DHCP server responds quickly to the - client's requests. However, DHCP may take - a long time to complete on some systems. If network services - attempt to run before DHCP has assigned the - network addressing information, they will fail. Using - DHCP in synchronous - mode prevents this problem as it pauses startup until the - DHCP configuration has completed. + 背景 DHCP 在 DHCP 伺服器可以快速的回應客戶端請求時可運作的很好。然而 DHCP 在某些系統可能需要較長的時間才能完成，若網路服務嘗試在 DHCP 尚未分配網路位置資訊前執行則會失敗。使用同步 (Synchronous) 模式執行 DHCP 可避免這個問題，因為同步模式會暫停啟動直到 DHCP 已設置完成。 - This line in /etc/rc.conf is used to - configure background or asynchronous mode: + 在 /etc/rc.conf 中的這行用來設定採用背景 (非同步模式)： ifconfig_fxp0="DHCP" - This line may already exist if the system was configured - to use DHCP during installation. Replace - the fxp0 shown in these examples - with the name of the interface to be dynamically configured, - as described in . + 若系統已經在安裝時設定使用 DHCP，這行可能會已存在。替換在例子中的 fxp0 為實際要動態設置的網路介面名稱，如 中的說明。 - To instead configure the system to use synchronous mode, - and to pause during startup while DHCP - completes, use - SYNCDHCP: + 要改設定系統採用同步模式，會在啟動時暫停動後 DHCP 完成，使用 SYNCDHCP： ifconfig_fxp0="SYNCDHCP" - Additional client options are available. Search for - dhclient in rc.conf5 for - details. + 尚有其他可用的客戶端選項，請在 rc.conf5 搜尋 dhclient 來取得詳細資訊。 DHCP @@ -45659,43 +44675,31 @@ configuration files - The DHCP client uses the following - files: + DHCP 客戶端會使用到以下檔案： /etc/dhclient.conf - The configuration file used by - dhclient. Typically, this file - contains only comments as the defaults are suitable for - most clients. This configuration file is described in - dhclient.conf5. + dhclient 用到的設定檔。通常這個檔案只會有註解，因為預設便適用大多數客戶端。這個設定檔在 dhclient.conf5 中有說明。 /sbin/dhclient - More information about the command itself can - be found in dhclient8. + 有關指令本身的更多資訊可於 dhclient8 找到。 /sbin/dhclient-script - The - FreeBSD-specific DHCP client configuration - script. It is described in dhclient-script8, but - should not need any user modification to function - properly. + FreeBSD 特定的 DHCP 客戶端設定 Script。在 dhclient-script8 中有說明，但應不須做任何修改便可正常運作。 /var/db/dhclient.leases.interface - The DHCP client keeps a database of - valid leases in this file, which is written as a log and - is described in dhclient.leases5. + DHCP 客戶端會在這個檔案中儲存有效租約的資料，寫入的格式類似日誌，在 dhclient.leases5 有說明。 @@ -45703,13 +44707,7 @@ 安裝並設定 <acronym>DHCP</acronym> 伺服器 - This section demonstrates how to configure a FreeBSD system - to act as a DHCP server using the Internet - Systems Consortium (ISC) implementation of - the DHCP server. This implementation and - its documentation can be installed using the - net/isc-dhcp43-server package or - port. + 本節將示範如何設定 FreeBSD 系統成為 DHCP 伺服器，使用 Internet Systems Consortium (ISC) 所實作的 DHCP 伺服器，這個伺服器及其文件可使用 net/isc-dhcp43-server 套件或 Port 安裝。 DHCP @@ -45721,21 +44719,13 @@ installation - The installation of - net/isc-dhcp43-server installs a sample - configuration file. Copy - /usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf.example to - /usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf and make any - edits to this new file. + net/isc-dhcp43-server 的安裝程式會安裝一份範例設定檔，複製 /usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf.example 到 /usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf 並在這個新檔案做編輯。 DHCP dhcpd.conf - The configuration file is comprised of declarations for - subnets and hosts which define the information that is - provided to DHCP clients. For example, - these lines configure the following: + 這個設定檔內容包括了子網路及主機的宣告，用來定義要提供給 DHCP 客戶端的資訊。如以下行設定： option domain-name "example.org"; option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org; @@ -45757,105 +44747,62 @@ - This option specifies the default search domain that - will be provided to clients. Refer to - resolv.conf5 for more information. + 這個選項指定了要提供給客戶端的預設搜尋網域。請參考 resolv.conf5 取得更多資訊。 - This option specifies a comma separated list of - DNS servers that the client should use. - They can be listed by their Fully Qualified Domain Names - (FQDN), as seen in the example, or by - their IP addresses. + 這個選項指定了客戶端應使用的 DNS 伺服器清單 (以逗號分隔)。如範例中所示，可使用伺服器的完整網域名稱 (Fully Qualified Domain Names, FQDN) 或伺服器的 IP 位址。 - The subnet mask that will be provided to - clients. + 要提供給客戶端的子網路遮罩。 - The default lease expiry time in seconds. A client - can be configured to override this value. + 預設租約到期時間 (秒)。客戶端可以自行設定覆蓋這個數值。 - The maximum allowed length of time, in seconds, for a - lease. Should a client request a longer lease, a lease - will still be issued, but it will only be valid for - max-lease-time. + 一個租約最多允許的時間長度 (秒)。若客戶端請求更長的租約，仍會發出租約，但最多只會在 max-lease-time 內有效。 - The default of disables dynamic - DNS updates. Changing this to - configures the DHCP server to update a - DNS server whenever it hands out a - lease so that the DNS server knows - which IP addresses are associated with - which computers in the network. Do not change the default - setting unless the DNS server has been - configured to support dynamic - DNS. + 預設的 會關閉動態 DNS 更新。更改此值為 可讓 DHCP 伺服器每當發出一個租約便通知 DNS 伺服器更新，如此一來 DNS 伺服器便知道網路中該電腦的 IP 位址。不要更改此預設值，除非 DNS 伺服器已設定為支援動態 DNS。 - This line creates a pool of available - IP addresses which are reserved for - allocation to DHCP clients. The range - of addresses must be valid for the network or subnet - specified in the previous line. + 此行會建立一個可用 IP 位址的儲存池來保留這些要分配給 DHCP 客戶端的位址。位址範圍必須在前一行所指定的網路或子網路中有效。 - Declares the default gateway that is valid for the - network or subnet specified before the opening - { bracket. + 宣告在開始的 { 括號之前所指定的網路或子網路中有效的預設通訊閘。 - Specifies the hardware MAC address - of a client so that the DHCP server can - recognize the client when it makes a request. + 指定客戶端的硬體 MAC 位址，好讓 DHCP 伺服器在客戶端發出請求時可以辨識客戶端。 - Specifies that this host should always be given the - same IP address. Using the hostname is - correct, since the DHCP server will - resolve the hostname before returning the lease - information. + 指定這個主機應分配相同的 IP 位址。在此處用主機名稱是正確的，由於 DHCP 伺服器會在回傳租約資訊前先解析主機名稱。 - This configuration file supports many more options. Refer - to dhcpd.conf(5), installed with the server, for details and - examples. + 此設定檔還支援其他選項，請參考隨伺服器一併安裝的 dhcpd.conf(5) 來取得詳細資訊與範例。 - Once the configuration of dhcpd.conf - is complete, enable the DHCP server in - /etc/rc.conf: + 完成 dhcpd.conf 的設定之後，在 /etc/rc.conf 啟動 DHCP 伺服器： dhcpd_enable="YES" dhcpd_ifaces="dc0" - Replace the dc0 with the interface (or - interfaces, separated by whitespace) that the - DHCP server should listen on for - DHCP client requests. + 替換 dc0 為 DHCP 伺服器要傾聽 DHCP 客戶端請求的網路介面 (多個介面可以空白分隔)。 - Start the server by issuing the following command: + 執行以下指令來啟動伺服器： # service isc-dhcpd start - Any future changes to the configuration of the server will - require the dhcpd service to be - stopped and then started using service8. + 往後任何對伺服器設定的變更會需要使用 service8 中止 dhcpd 服務然後啟動。 - The DHCP server uses the following - files. Note that the manual pages are installed with the - server software. + DHCP 伺服器會使用到以下檔案。注意，操作手冊會與伺服器軟體一同安裝。 DHCP @@ -45865,39 +44812,25 @@ /usr/local/sbin/dhcpd - More information about the - dhcpd server can be found in - dhcpd(8). + 更多有關 dhcpd 伺服器的資訊可在 dhcpd(8) 找到。 /usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf - The server configuration file needs to contain all the - information that should be provided to clients, along with - information regarding the operation of the server. This - configuration file is described in dhcpd.conf(5). + 伺服器設定檔需要含有所有要提供給客戶端的資訊以及有關伺服器運作的資訊。在 dhcpd.conf(5) 有此設定檔的說明。 /var/db/dhcpd.leases - The DHCP server keeps a database of - leases it has issued in this file, which is written as a - log. Refer to dhcpd.leases(5), which gives a slightly - longer description. + DHCP 伺服器會儲存一份已發出租約的資料於這個檔案，寫入的格式類似日誌。參考 dhcpd.leases(5) 會有更完整的說明。 /usr/local/sbin/dhcrelay - This daemon is used in advanced environments where one - DHCP server forwards a request from a - client to another DHCP server on a - separate network. If this functionality is required, - install the net/isc-dhcp43-relay - package or port. The installation includes dhcrelay(8) - which provides more detail. + 這個 Daemon 會用在更進階的環境中，在一個 DHCP 伺服器要轉發來自客戶端的請求到另一個網路的另一個 DHCP 伺服器的環境。若需要使用此功能，請安裝 net/isc-dhcp43-relay 套件或 Port，安裝會包含 dhcrelay(8)，裡面有提供更詳細的資訊。 @@ -45925,7 +44858,7 @@ --> - 網域名稱系統 (<acronym>DNS</acronym>) + 網域名稱系統 (Domain Name System, <acronym>DNS</acronym>) DNS @@ -49385,7 +48318,7 @@ - 使用 NAT 的簡單閘道器 + 使用 NAT 的簡單通訊閘 This section demonstrates how to configure a FreeBSD system running PF to act as a gateway @@ -50193,7 +49126,7 @@ scrub in all Some services, such as NFS, require - specific fragment handling options. Refer to http://www.openbsd.gr/faq/pf/scrub.html + specific fragment handling options. Refer to https://home.nuug.no/~peter/pf/en/scrub.html for more information. This example reassembles fragments, clears the @@ -50719,7 +49652,7 @@ $cmd 00250 allow icmp from any to any out via $pif keep-state # Allow outbound NTP -$cmd 00260 allow udp from any to any 123 out via $pif setup keep-state +$cmd 00260 allow udp from any to any 123 out via $pif keep-state # Allow outbound SSH $cmd 00280 allow tcp from any to any 22 out via $pif setup keep-state @@ -55631,7 +54564,7 @@ package can be used to retrieve the data. To enable monitoring on the bridge, uncomment this line in - /etc/snmp.config by removing the + /etc/snmpd.config by removing the beginning # symbol: begemotSnmpdModulePath."bridge" = "/usr/lib/snmp_bridge.so" @@ -57570,8 +56503,7 @@ <acronym>CD</acronym> 與 <acronym>DVD</acronym> 合集 - FreeBSD CD and DVD sets - are available from several online retailers: + FreeBSD CD 以及 DVD 組可從以下幾個線上零售商取得： @@ -57655,31 +56587,12 @@ <acronym>FTP</acronym> 站 - The official sources for FreeBSD are available via anonymous - FTP from a worldwide set of mirror sites. - The site ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ - is available via HTTP and - FTP. It is made up of many machines operated - by the project cluster administrators and behind GeoDNS to - direct users to the closest available mirror. + FreeBSD 的官方原始碼可從全球任一鏡像站透過匿名 FTP 取得。其中 ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ 站可使用 HTTP 及 FTP，該站是由多台由計畫叢集管理員所維護的主機所組成，且在 GeoDNS 之後，可導向使用者到最近可用的鏡像站。 - Additionally, FreeBSD is available via anonymous - FTP from the following mirror sites. When - obtaining FreeBSD via anonymous FTP, - please try to use a nearby site. The mirror sites listed as - Primary Mirror Sites typically have the entire - FreeBSD archive (all the currently available versions for each of - the architectures) but faster download speeds are probably - available from a site that is in your country or region. The - regional sites carry the most recent versions for the most - popular architecture(s) but might not carry the entire FreeBSD - archive. All sites provide access via anonymous - FTP but some sites also provide access via - other methods. The access methods available for each site are - provided in parentheses after the hostname. + 除此之外，FreeBSD 也可透過匿名 FTP 從下列鏡像站取得。要透過匿名 FTP 取得 FreeBSD 時，請先嘗試使用臨近的站台。列在 主要鏡像站 中的鏡像站通常會有完整的 FreeBSD 封存檔 (每一個架構目前所有可用的版本)，但若要考慮下載速度，可能要使用您所在國家或區域的站台。區域的站台會有熱門架構最近期的版本，但不會有完整的 FreeBSD 封存檔。所有站台皆提供匿名 FTP 存取只有部份站台會以其他方式提供存取。每個站台可用的存取方式會列在主機名稱後的括號當中。 -Central Servers, Primary Mirror Sites, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Brazil, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, USA. +中央伺服器、主要鏡像站、亞美尼亞 (Armenia)、澳洲 (Australia)、奧地利 (Austria)、巴西 (Brazil)、中國 (China)、捷克 (Czech Republic)、丹麥 (Denmark)、愛沙尼亞 (Estonia)、芬蘭 (Finland)、法國 (France)、德國 (Germany)、希臘 (Greece)、香港 (Hong Kong)、愛爾蘭 (Ireland)、日本 (Japan)、韓國 (Korea)、拉脫維亞 (Latvia)、立陶宛 (Lithuania)、荷蘭 (Netherlands)、紐西蘭 (New Zealand)、挪威 (Norway)、波蘭 (Poland)、俄羅斯 (Russia)、沙烏地阿拉伯 (Saudi Arabia)、斯洛維尼亞 (Slovenia)、南非 (South Africa)、西班牙 (Spain)、瑞典 (Sweden)、瑞士 (Switzerland)、台灣 (Taiwan)、烏克蘭 (Ukraine)、英國 (United Kingdom)、美國 (USA)。 @@ -57689,7 +56602,7 @@ - Central Servers + 中央伺服器 @@ -57699,10 +56612,9 @@ - Primary Mirror Sites + 主要鏡像站 - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - mirror-admin@FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 mirror-admin@FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp1.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp) @@ -57741,10 +56653,9 @@ - Armenia + 亞美尼亞 (Armenia) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@am.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@am.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp1.am.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp / http://ftp1.am.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ / rsync) @@ -57753,10 +56664,9 @@ - Australia + 澳洲 (Australia) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@au.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@au.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.au.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp) @@ -57771,10 +56681,9 @@ - Austria + 奧地利 (Austria) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@at.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@at.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.at.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp / ftpv6 / http://ftp.at.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ / http://ftp.at.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/) @@ -57783,10 +56692,9 @@ - Brazil + 巴西 (Brazil) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@br.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@br.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp2.br.FreeBSD.org/FreeBSD/ (ftp / http://ftp2.br.FreeBSD.org/) @@ -57801,10 +56709,9 @@ - China + 中國 (China) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@cn.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@cn.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.cn.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp) @@ -57813,10 +56720,9 @@ - Czech Republic + 捷克 (Czech Republic) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@cz.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@cz.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp / ftp://ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ / http://ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ / http://ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ / rsync / rsyncv6) @@ -57828,10 +56734,9 @@ - Denmark + 丹麥 (Denmark) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@dk.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@dk.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.dk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp / ftpv6 / http://ftp.dk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ / http://ftp.dk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/) @@ -57840,10 +56745,9 @@ - Estonia + 愛沙尼亞 (Estonia) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@ee.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@ee.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.ee.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp) @@ -57852,10 +56756,9 @@ - Finland + 芬蘭 (Finland) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@fi.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@fi.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.fi.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp) @@ -57864,10 +56767,9 @@ - France + 法國 (France) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@fr.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@fr.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.fr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp) @@ -57894,10 +56796,9 @@ - Germany + 德國 (Germany) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - de-bsd-hubs@de.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@de.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.de.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp) @@ -57924,10 +56825,9 @@ - Greece + 希臘 (Greece) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@gr.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@gr.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.gr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp) @@ -57939,7 +56839,7 @@ - Hong Kong + 香港 (Hong Kong) @@ -57949,7 +56849,7 @@ - Ireland + 愛爾蘭 (Ireland) In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@ie.FreeBSD.org for this domain. @@ -57961,10 +56861,9 @@ - Japan + 日本 (Japan) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@jp.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@jp.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.jp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp) @@ -57997,10 +56896,9 @@ - Korea + 韓國 (Korea) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@kr.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@kr.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp / rsync) @@ -58012,10 +56910,9 @@ - Latvia + 拉脫維亞 (Latvia) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@lv.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@lv.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.lv.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp / http://ftp.lv.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/) @@ -58024,10 +56921,9 @@ - Lithuania + 立陶宛 (Lithuania) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@lt.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@lt.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.lt.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp / http://ftp.lt.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/) @@ -58036,10 +56932,9 @@ - Netherlands + 荷蘭 (Netherlands) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@nl.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@nl.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.nl.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp / http://ftp.nl.FreeBSD.org/os/FreeBSD/ / rsync) @@ -58051,7 +56946,7 @@ - New Zealand + 紐西蘭 (New Zealand) @@ -58061,10 +56956,9 @@ - Norway + 挪威 (Norway) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@no.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@no.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.no.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp / rsync) @@ -58073,10 +56967,9 @@ - Poland + 波蘭 (Poland) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@pl.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@pl.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.pl.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp) @@ -58088,10 +56981,9 @@ - Russia + 俄羅斯 (Russia) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@ru.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@ru.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.ru.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp / http://ftp.ru.FreeBSD.org/FreeBSD/ / rsync) @@ -58112,10 +57004,9 @@ - Saudi Arabia + 沙烏地阿拉伯 (Saudi Arabia) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - ftpadmin@isu.net.sa for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 ftpadmin@isu.net.sa。 ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/ftp.freebsd.org/ (ftp) @@ -58124,10 +57015,9 @@ - Slovenia + 斯洛維尼亞 (Slovenia) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@si.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@si.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.si.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp) @@ -58136,10 +57026,9 @@ - South Africa + 南非 (South Africa) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@za.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@za.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.za.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp) @@ -58154,10 +57043,9 @@ - Spain + 西班牙 (Spain) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@es.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@es.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.es.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp / http://ftp.es.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/) @@ -58169,10 +57057,9 @@ - Sweden + 瑞典 (Sweden) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@se.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@se.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.se.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp) @@ -58193,10 +57080,9 @@ - Switzerland + 瑞士 (Switzerland) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@ch.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@ch.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.ch.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp / http://ftp.ch.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/) @@ -58205,10 +57091,9 @@ - Taiwan + 台灣 (Taiwan) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@tw.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@tw.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.tw.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp / ftp://ftp.tw.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ / rsync / rsyncv6) @@ -58250,7 +57135,7 @@ - Ukraine + 烏克蘭 (Ukraine) @@ -58266,10 +57151,9 @@ - United Kingdom + 英國 (United Kingdom) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@uk.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@uk.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp.uk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp) @@ -58290,10 +57174,9 @@ - USA + 美國 (USA) - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@us.FreeBSD.org for this domain. + 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@us.FreeBSD.org。 ftp://ftp1.us.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp) @@ -58348,40 +57231,24 @@ 簡介 - As of July 2012, FreeBSD uses - Subversion as the only version - control system for storing all of FreeBSD's source code, - documentation, and the Ports Collection. + 自 2012 年 7 月起，FreeBSD 儲存所有 FreeBSD 的原始碼、文件與 Port 套件集均使用 Subversion 作為其唯一的版本控制系統。 - Subversion is generally a - developer tool. Users may prefer to use - freebsd-update () to update - the FreeBSD base system, and portsnap () to update the FreeBSD Ports - Collection. + Subversion 只是一套開發人員工具。一般使用者可能會較喜歡使用 freebsd-update () 來更新 FreeBSD 基礎系統及 portsnap () 來更新 FreeBSD Port 套件集。 - This section demonstrates how to install - Subversion on a FreeBSD system and - use it to create a local copy of a FreeBSD repository. - Additional information on the use of - Subversion is included. + 本節將示範如何在 FreeBSD 系統安裝 Subversion 以及使用它建立一個本地的 FreeBSD 檔案庫複本，也包含使用 Subversion 的其他資訊。 根 <acronym>SSL</acronym> 憑證 - Installing - security/ca_root_nss allows - Subversion to verify the identity - of HTTPS repository servers. The root - SSL certificates can be installed from a - port: + 安裝 security/ca_root_nss 可讓 Subversion 能夠驗証 HTTPS 檔案庫伺服器的身份。root SSL 憑証可從 Port 安裝： # cd /usr/ports/security/ca_root_nss # make install clean - or as a package: + 或從套件： # pkg install ca_root_nss @@ -58389,33 +57256,22 @@ <application>Svnlite</application> - A lightweight version of - Subversion is already installed - on FreeBSD as svnlite. The port or package - version of Subversion is only - needed if the Python or Perl API is needed, - or if a later version of Subversion is desired. + svnlite 為輕量化版的 Subversion，會隨 FreeBSD 安裝。Subversion 的 Port 或套件版本僅在要使用其 Python 或 Perl API 或想要使用最新版本 Subversion 時才需安裝， - The only difference from normal - Subversion use is that the command - name is svnlite. + 與正常 Subversion 唯一的差別只是指令名稱改為 svnlite。 安裝 - If svnlite is unavailable or the full - version of Subversion is needed, - then it must be installed. + 若無法使用 svnlite 或需要完整版本的 Subversion 就必須安裝。 - Subversion can be installed - from the Ports Collection: + Subversion 可從 Port 套件集安裝： # cd /usr/ports/devel/subversion # make install clean - Subversion can also be - installed as a package: + Subversion 也可以以套件安裝： # pkg install subversion @@ -58423,36 +57279,17 @@ 執行 <application>Subversion</application> - To fetch a clean copy of the sources into a local - directory, use svn. The files in this - directory are called a local working - copy. + 要下載原始碼乾淨的複本到本地目錄可使用 svn。在此目錄中的檔案稱作 本地工作複本 (Local working copy)。 - Move or delete an existing destination directory before - using checkout for the first time. + 在第一次使用 checkout 前請先移動或刪除目地現有的目錄。 - Checkout over an existing - non-svn directory can cause conflicts - between the existing files and those brought in from the - repository. + 在現有非 svn 目錄存在的情況下做取出 (Checkout) 的動作會導致現有檔案與檔案庫中的檔案發生衝突。 - Subversion uses - URLs to designate a repository, taking the - form of protocol://hostname/path. - The first component of the path is the FreeBSD repository to - access. There are three different repositories, - base for the FreeBSD base system source code, - ports for the Ports Collection, and - doc for documentation. For example, the - URL - https://svn.FreeBSD.org/ports/head/ - specifies the main branch of the ports repository, - using the https protocol. + Subversion 使用 URL 來指定檔案庫，使用的格式為 protocol://hostname/path。路徑的第一個部份為要存取的 FreeBSD 檔案庫，目前有三個檔案庫，base 為 FreeBSD 基礎系統原始碼、ports 為 Port 套件集以及 doc 為說明文件。舉例來說，URL https://svn.FreeBSD.org/ports/head/ 代表 Port 檔案庫的主要分支，使用 https 通訊協定。 - A checkout from a given repository is performed with a - command like this: + 使用指令從指定的檔案庫取出 (Checkout) 原始碼如下： # svn checkout https://svn.FreeBSD.org/repository/branch lwcdir @@ -58460,75 +57297,35 @@ - repository is one of the - Project repositories: base, - ports, or - doc. + repository 要是下列專案檔案庫其中之一：base, ports 或 doc。 - branch depends on the - repository used. ports and - doc are mostly updated in the - head branch, while - base maintains the latest version of - -CURRENT under head and the respective - latest versions of the -STABLE branches under - stable/9 - (9.x) and - stable/10 - (10.x). + branch 則依據使用的檔案庫來決定。ports 與 doc 大部份的更新皆在 head 分支，而 base 則會將 -CURRENT 的最新版本存放在 head 下，-STABLE 分支各自最新的版本則會放在 stable/9 (9.x) 與 stable/10 (10.x) 下。 - lwcdir is the target - directory where the contents of the specified branch - should be placed. This is usually - /usr/ports for - ports, - /usr/src for - base, and - /usr/doc for - doc. + lwcdir 則是要存放指定分支內容的目標目錄，通常 ports 會置於 /usr/ports，base 會置於 /usr/src 以及 doc 會置於 /usr/doc。 - This example checks out the Ports Collection from the - FreeBSD repository using the HTTPS - protocol, placing the local working copy in - /usr/ports. If - /usr/ports is already - present but was not created by svn, - remember to rename or delete it before the checkout. + 以下範例會使用 HTTPS 協定從 FreeBSD 的檔案庫取出 Port 套件集，並將本地工作複本放置於 /usr/ports。若 /usr/ports 已存在，且不是由 svn 所建立的，記得要在取出之前重新命名或刪除。 # svn checkout https://svn.FreeBSD.org/ports/head /usr/ports - Because the initial checkout must download the full - branch of the remote repository, it can take a while. Please - be patient. + 由於首次取出的動作必須下載遠端檔案庫中完整的分支，會需要花費一段時間，請耐心等候。 - After the initial checkout, the local working copy can be - updated by running: + 首次取出之後，往後要更新本地工作複本可以執行： # svn update lwcdir - To update - /usr/ports created in - the example above, use: + 要更新上述範例所建立的 /usr/ports 可執行： # svn update /usr/ports - The update is much quicker than a checkout, only - transferring files that have changed. + 因為只會傳輸有更新過的檔案，更新的動作會比取出還要快速。 - An alternate way of updating the local working copy after - checkout is provided by the Makefile in - the /usr/ports, - /usr/src, and - /usr/doc directories. - Set SVN_UPDATE and use the - update target. For example, to - update /usr/src: + 另一種在取出之後更新本地工作複本的方式是透過 /usr/ports, /usr/src 以及 /usr/doc 目錄所提供的 Makefile。設定 SVN_UPDATE 並使用 update 目標。例如要更新 /usr/src： # cd /usr/src # make update SVN_UPDATE=yes @@ -58542,30 +57339,17 @@ Mirror Sites - The FreeBSD Subversion - repository is: + FreeBSD Subversion 的檔案庫為： svn.FreeBSD.org - This is - a publicly accessible mirror network that uses GeoDNS to - select an appropriate back end server. To view the FreeBSD - Subversion repositories through a - browser, use https://svnweb.FreeBSD.org/. + 這是可公開存取的鏡像站，使用了 GeoDNS 會自動選擇適合的後端伺服器。若要由瀏覽器檢視 Subversion 檔案庫可以使用 https://svnweb.FreeBSD.org/。 - The FreeBSD Subversion mirrors - previously used self-signed SSL certificates documented in - this chapter. As of July 14, 2015, all mirrors now use an - official SSL certificate that will be recognized by - Subversion if the security/ca_root_nss port is - installed. The legacy self-signed certificates and server - names are still available but are deprecated and no longer - supported. + FreeBSD Subversion 鏡像站先前使用的自我簽署 SSL 憑証記錄於本章節中。自 2015 年 7 月開始，所有鏡像站開始使用官方的 SSL 憑証，若有安裝 security/ca_root_nss Port 則 Subversion 便有辦法辨識。舊的自我簽署憑証與伺服器名稱仍可以使用，但已不建議使用且不再支援。 - For those without the security/ca_root_nss port - installed, the SHA1 and SHA256 fingerprints are: + 對於未安裝 security/ca_root_nss Port 的系統，所需的 SHA1 與 SHA256 的指紋 (Fingerprint) 為： @@ -58573,8 +57357,8 @@ - Hash - Fingerprint + 編碼 (Hash) + 指紋 (Fingerprint) @@ -58592,19 +57376,11 @@ - HTTPS is the preferred protocol, - providing protection against another computer pretending to be - the FreeBSD mirror (commonly known as a man in the - middle attack) or otherwise trying to send bad - content to the end user. + 建議使用 HTTPS 通訊協定，這可提供避免其他電腦假裝為 FreeBSD 鏡像站 (即為一般所知的 中間人攻擊 (Man in the middle) 攻擊) 與其他嘗試傳送惡意內容給終端使用者的保護。 - If https cannot be used due to firewall - or other problems, svn is the next choice, - with slightly faster transfers. When neither can be used, use - http. + 若因防火牆或其他問題無法使用 https，那麼下一個選擇為使用 svn，這個通訊協定會有較快的傳輸速度。當兩者皆無法使用時才使用 http。 - For those still using deprecated server names, the SHA1 - and SHA256 fingerprints will be one of: + 對於那些仍使用已不建議使用伺服器名稱的電腦的 SHA1 及 SHA256 指紋可為下列其中之一： @@ -58612,29 +57388,29 @@ - Hash - Fingerprint + 編碼 (Hash) + 指紋 (Fingerprint) - Legacy-SHA1 + 舊-SHA1 1C:BD:85:95:11:9F:EB:75:A5:4B:C8:A3:FE:08:E4:02:73:06:1E:61 - Legacy-SHA1 + 舊-SHA1 F6:44:AA:B9:03:89:0E:3E:8C:4D:4D:14:F0:27:E6:C7:C1:8B:17:C5 - Legacy-SHA256 + 舊-SHA256 47:35:A9:09:A3:AB:FA:20:33:36:43:C5:1A:D6:E6:FB:EB:C0:C0:83:37:D4:46:9C:A0:AB:89:7F:C2:9C:4C:A3 - Legacy-SHA256 + 舊-SHA256 48:3C:84:DB:7C:27:1B:FA:D5:0B:A0:D7:E0:4C:79:AA:A3:8E:A3:FA:84:E6:32:34:7D:EB:30:E6:11:01:CF:BE @@ -58641,20 +57417,13 @@ - Seeing one of these legacy certificate - fingerprints means it is likely that a deprecated - server name is being used. + 從這些舊的憑証指紋中找到對應已不建已使用伺服器名稱所使用的項目。 取得更多資訊 - For other information about using - Subversion, please see the - Subversion Book, titled - Version - Control with Subversion, or the Subversion - Documentation. + 要取得其他有關使用 Subversion 的資訊請參考 Subversion Book，其書名為 Version Control with Subversion 或是 Subversion Documentation。 @@ -58661,35 +57430,23 @@ 使用 <application>rsync</application> - These sites make FreeBSD available through the rsync - protocol. The rsync utility works in - much the same way as the rcp1 command, but has more - options and uses the rsync remote-update protocol which - transfers only the differences between two sets of files, thus - greatly speeding up the synchronization over the network. This - is most useful for mirror sites of the FreeBSD - FTP server. The - rsync suite is available for many - operating systems, on FreeBSD, see the net/rsync - port or use the package. + 這些站台讓 FreeBSD 可透過 rsync 通訊協定取得。rsync 工具運作的方式類似 rcp1 指令，但有更多的選項可用，且使用 rsync 遠端更新協定，該協定只會傳輸兩個檔案集之間的差異，所以能夠大大的加快在網路上同步的速度，這對大多數 FreeBSD FTP 伺服器的鏡像站非常有用。rsync 在許多作業系統上也可以使用，在 FreeBSD 上請參考 net/rsync Port 或使用套件。 - Czech Republic + 捷克 (Czech Republic) rsync://ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org/ - Available collections: + 可用的檔案集： - ftp: A partial mirror of the FreeBSD - FTP server. + ftp: FreeBSD FTP 伺服器的部份鏡像。 - FreeBSD: A full mirror of the FreeBSD - FTP server. + FreeBSD: FreeBSD FTP 伺服器的完整鏡像。 @@ -58696,16 +57453,15 @@ - Netherlands + 荷蘭 (Netherlands) rsync://ftp.nl.FreeBSD.org/ - Available collections: + 可用的檔案集： - FreeBSD: A full mirror of the FreeBSD - FTP server. + FreeBSD: FreeBSD FTP 伺服器的完整鏡像。 @@ -58712,22 +57468,20 @@ - Russia + 俄羅斯 (Russia) rsync://ftp.mtu.ru/ - Available collections: + 可用的檔案集： - FreeBSD: A full mirror of the FreeBSD - FTP server. + FreeBSD: FreeBSD FTP 伺服器的完整鏡像。 - FreeBSD-Archive: The mirror of FreeBSD Archive - FTP server. + FreeBSD-Archive: FreeBSD 封存 FTP 伺服器的鏡像。 @@ -58734,16 +57488,15 @@ - Sweden + 瑞典 (Sweden) rsync://ftp4.se.freebsd.org/ - Available collections: + 可用的檔案集： - FreeBSD: A full mirror of the FreeBSD - FTP server. + FreeBSD: FreeBSD FTP 伺服器的完整鏡像。 @@ -58750,7 +57503,7 @@ - Taiwan + 台灣 (Taiwan) rsync://ftp.tw.FreeBSD.org/ @@ -58759,11 +57512,10 @@ rsync://ftp6.tw.FreeBSD.org/ - Available collections: + 可用的檔案集： - FreeBSD: A full mirror of the FreeBSD - FTP server. + FreeBSD: FreeBSD FTP 伺服器的完整鏡像。 @@ -58770,16 +57522,15 @@ - United Kingdom + 英國 (United Kingdom) rsync://rsync.mirrorservice.org/ - Available collections: + 可用的檔案集： - ftp.freebsd.org: A full mirror of the FreeBSD - FTP server. + ftp.freebsd.org: FreeBSD FTP 伺服器的完整鏡像。 @@ -58786,35 +57537,32 @@ - United States of America + 美國 (USA) rsync://ftp-master.FreeBSD.org/ - This server may only be used by FreeBSD primary mirror - sites. + 此伺服器僅供 FreeBSD 主要鏡像站使用。 - Available collections: + 可用的檔案集： - FreeBSD: The master archive of the FreeBSD - FTP server. + FreeBSD: FreeBSD FTP 伺服器的主要封存。 - acl: The FreeBSD master ACL list. + acl: FreeBSD 主要 ACL 清單。 rsync://ftp13.FreeBSD.org/ - Available collections: + 可用的檔案集： - FreeBSD: A full mirror of the FreeBSD - FTP server. + FreeBSD: FreeBSD FTP 伺服器的完整鏡像。 @@ -61715,7 +60463,7 @@ 官方鏡像站 -Central Servers, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom, USA. +中央伺服器、亞美尼亞 (Armenia)、澳洲 (Australia)、奧地利 (Austria)、捷克 (Czech Republic)、丹麥 (Denmark)、芬蘭 (Finland)、法國 (France)、德國 (Germany)、香港 (Hong Kong)、愛爾蘭 (Ireland)、日本 (Japan)、拉脫維亞 (Latvia)、立陶宛 (Lithuania)、荷蘭 (Netherlands)、挪威 (Norway)、俄羅斯 (Russia)、斯洛維尼亞 (Slovenia)、南非 (South Africa)、西班牙 (Spain)、瑞典 (Sweden)、瑞士 (Switzerland)、台灣 (Taiwan)、英國 (United Kingdom)、美國 (USA)。 @@ -61726,7 +60474,7 @@ - Central Servers + 中央伺服器 @@ -61737,7 +60485,7 @@ - Armenia + 亞美尼亞 (Armenia) http://www1.am.FreeBSD.org/ (IPv6) @@ -61746,7 +60494,7 @@ - Australia + 澳洲 (Australia) @@ -61762,7 +60510,7 @@ - Austria + 奧地利 (Austria) http://www.at.FreeBSD.org/ (IPv6) @@ -61771,7 +60519,7 @@ - Czech Republic + 捷克 (Czech Republic) http://www.cz.FreeBSD.org/ (IPv6) @@ -61780,7 +60528,7 @@ - Denmark + 丹麥 (Denmark) http://www.dk.FreeBSD.org/ (IPv6) @@ -61789,7 +60537,7 @@ - Finland + 芬蘭 (Finland) @@ -61800,7 +60548,7 @@ - France + 法國 (France) @@ -61811,7 +60559,7 @@ - Germany + 德國 (Germany) @@ -61822,7 +60570,7 @@ - Hong Kong + 香港 (Hong Kong) @@ -61833,7 +60581,7 @@ - Ireland + 愛爾蘭 (Ireland) @@ -61844,7 +60592,7 @@ - Japan + 日本 (Japan) http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/www.FreeBSD.org/ (IPv6) @@ -61853,7 +60601,7 @@ - Latvia + 拉脫維亞 (Latvia) @@ -61864,7 +60612,7 @@ - Lithuania + 立陶宛 (Lithuania) @@ -61875,7 +60623,7 @@ - Netherlands + 荷蘭 (Netherlands) @@ -61886,7 +60634,7 @@ - Norway + 挪威 (Norway) @@ -61897,7 +60645,7 @@ - Russia + 俄羅斯 (Russia) http://www.ru.FreeBSD.org/ (IPv6) @@ -61906,7 +60654,7 @@ - Slovenia + 斯洛維尼亞 (Slovenia) @@ -61917,7 +60665,7 @@ - South Africa + 南非 (South Africa) @@ -61928,7 +60676,7 @@ - Spain + 西班牙 (Spain) @@ -61944,7 +60692,7 @@ - Sweden + 瑞典 (Sweden) @@ -61955,7 +60703,7 @@ - Switzerland + 瑞士 (Switzerland) http://www.ch.FreeBSD.org/ (IPv6) @@ -61967,7 +60715,7 @@ - Taiwan + 台灣 (Taiwan) @@ -61991,7 +60739,7 @@ - United Kingdom + 英國 (United Kingdom) @@ -62007,7 +60755,7 @@ - USA + 美國 (USA) http://www5.us.FreeBSD.org/ (IPv6) Index: zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/zh_TW.po =================================================================== --- zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/zh_TW.po +++ zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/zh_TW.po @@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: \n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-01-04 15:35+0800\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-01-04 15:31+0800\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-02-23 16:27+0800\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-02-23 16:17+0800\n" "Last-Translator: Chien Wei Lin \n" "Language-Team: \n" "Language: zh_TW\n" @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.10\n" +"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.12\n" #. Put one translator per line, in the form NAME , YEAR1, YEAR2 msgctxt "_" @@ -18,18 +18,18 @@ msgstr "Chien Wei Lin " #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:607 +#: book.translate.xml:612 msgid "FreeBSD Handbook" msgstr "FreeBSD 使用手冊" #. (itstool) path: info/author -#: book.translate.xml:609 +#: book.translate.xml:614 msgid "The FreeBSD Documentation Project" msgstr "FreeBSD 文件計劃" #. (itstool) path: info/pubdate #. (itstool) path: info/releaseinfo -#: book.translate.xml:613 book.translate.xml:615 +#: book.translate.xml:618 book.translate.xml:620 msgid "" "$FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.xml 49576 2016-10-25 " "16:21:58Z gjb $" @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/copyright -#: book.translate.xml:617 +#: book.translate.xml:622 msgid "" "1995 1996 1997 1998 " "1999 2000 2001 2002 " @@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/title -#: book.translate.xml:645 +#: book.translate.xml:650 msgid "Copyright" msgstr "版權" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:647 +#: book.translate.xml:652 msgid "" "Redistribution and use in source (XML DocBook) and 'compiled' forms (XML, " "HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or without modification, are " @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:654 +#: book.translate.xml:659 msgid "" "Redistributions of source code (XML DocBook) must retain the above copyright " "notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer as the first " @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:660 +#: book.translate.xml:665 msgid "" "Redistributions in compiled form (transformed to other DTDs, converted to " "PDF, PostScript, RTF and other formats) must reproduce the above copyright " @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:669 +#: book.translate.xml:674 msgid "" "THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT \"AS IS" "\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE " @@ -94,32 +94,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:686 +#: book.translate.xml:691 msgid "FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation." msgstr "FreeBSD 是 FreeBSD 基金會的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:688 +#: book.translate.xml:693 msgid "3Com and HomeConnect are registered trademarks of 3Com Corporation." msgstr "3Com 和 HomeConnect 是 3Com Corporation 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:690 +#: book.translate.xml:695 msgid "3ware is a registered trademark of 3ware Inc." msgstr "3ware 是 3ware Inc 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:692 +#: book.translate.xml:697 msgid "ARM is a registered trademark of ARM Limited." msgstr "ARM 是 ARM Limited. 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:694 +#: book.translate.xml:699 msgid "Adaptec is a registered trademark of Adaptec, Inc." msgstr "Adaptec 是 Adaptec, Inc. 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:696 +#: book.translate.xml:701 msgid "" "Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, Flash and PostScript are either registered " "trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States " @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ "Incorporated 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:700 +#: book.translate.xml:705 msgid "" "Apple, AirPort, FireWire, iMac, iPhone, iPad, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, " "Quicktime, and TrueType are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. " @@ -139,12 +139,12 @@ "Quicktime 以及 TrueType 是 Apple Inc. 在美國以及其他國家的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:705 +#: book.translate.xml:710 msgid "Android is a trademark of Google Inc." msgstr "Android 是 Google Inc 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:707 +#: book.translate.xml:712 msgid "" "Heidelberg, Helvetica, Palatino, and Times Roman are either registered " "trademarks or trademarks of Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG in the U.S. and " @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ "Druckmaschinen AG 在美國以及其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:711 +#: book.translate.xml:716 msgid "" "IBM, AIX, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are trademarks of " "International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other " @@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ "Machines Corporation 在美國和其他國家的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:715 +#: book.translate.xml:720 msgid "" "IEEE, POSIX, and 802 are registered trademarks of Institute of Electrical " "and Electronics Engineers, Inc. in the United States." @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ "Inc. 在美國的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:718 +#: book.translate.xml:723 msgid "" "Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, " "and Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its " @@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ "及 Xeon 是 Intel Corporation 及其分支機構在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:722 +#: book.translate.xml:727 msgid "" "Intuit and Quicken are registered trademarks and/or registered service marks " "of Intuit Inc., or one of its subsidiaries, in the United States and other " @@ -193,12 +193,12 @@ "標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:725 +#: book.translate.xml:730 msgid "Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds." msgstr "Linux 是 Linus Torvalds 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:727 +#: book.translate.xml:732 msgid "" "LSI Logic, AcceleRAID, eXtremeRAID, MegaRAID and Mylex are trademarks or " "registered trademarks of LSI Logic Corp." @@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ "商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:730 +#: book.translate.xml:735 msgid "" "Microsoft, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media and Windows " "NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation " @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ "Windows NT 是 Microsoft Corporation 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:734 +#: book.translate.xml:739 msgid "" "Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The " "Open Group are trademarks of The Open Group in the United States and other " @@ -227,12 +227,12 @@ "DialTone 和 The Open Group 是其商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:738 +#: book.translate.xml:743 msgid "Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation." msgstr "Oracle 是 Oracle Corporation 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:740 +#: book.translate.xml:745 msgid "" "RealNetworks, RealPlayer, and RealAudio are the registered trademarks of " "RealNetworks, Inc." @@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ "RealNetworks, RealPlayer, 和 RealAudio 是 RealNetworks, Inc. 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:743 +#: book.translate.xml:748 msgid "" "Red Hat, RPM, are trademarks or registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in " "the United States and other countries." @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ msgstr "Red Hat, RPM, 是 Red Hat, Inc. 在美國和其他國家的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:746 +#: book.translate.xml:751 msgid "" "Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, " "Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS and VirtualBox are trademarks or " @@ -259,37 +259,37 @@ "Microsystems, Inc. 在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:751 +#: book.translate.xml:756 msgid "MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc." msgstr "MATLAB 是 The MathWorks, Inc. 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:753 +#: book.translate.xml:758 msgid "SpeedTouch is a trademark of Thomson." msgstr "SpeedTouch 是 Thomson 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:755 +#: book.translate.xml:760 msgid "VMware is a trademark of VMware, Inc." msgstr "VMware 是 VMware, Inc. 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:757 +#: book.translate.xml:762 msgid "Mathematica is a registered trademark of Wolfram Research, Inc." msgstr "Mathematica 是 Wolfram Research, Inc 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:759 +#: book.translate.xml:764 msgid "XFree86 is a trademark of The XFree86 Project, Inc." msgstr "XFree86 是 The XFree86 Project, Inc 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:761 +#: book.translate.xml:766 msgid "Ogg Vorbis and Xiph.Org are trademarks of Xiph.Org." msgstr "Ogg Vorbis 以及 Xiph.Org 是 Xiph.Org 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:763 +#: book.translate.xml:768 msgid "" "Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish " "their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in " @@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ "quote> 或 ® 符號來標示。" #. (itstool) path: abstract/para -#: book.translate.xml:772 +#: book.translate.xml:777 msgid "" "Welcome to FreeBSD! This handbook covers the installation and day to day use " "of FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, FreeBSD 10.3-" @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ "mailman/listinfo/freebsd-doc\">FreeBSD 文件專案郵遞論壇。" #. (itstool) path: abstract/para -#: book.translate.xml:781 +#: book.translate.xml:786 msgid "" "The latest version of this book is available from the FreeBSD web site. Previous versions can " @@ -345,18 +345,18 @@ "件的資料。" #. (itstool) path: preface/title -#: book.translate.xml:802 +#: book.translate.xml:807 msgid "Preface" msgstr "序" #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-audience -#: book.translate.xml:804 +#: book.translate.xml:809 msgid "Intended Audience" msgstr "給讀者的話" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:807 +#: book.translate.xml:812 msgid "" "The FreeBSD newcomer will find that the first section of this book guides " "the user through the FreeBSD installation process and gently introduces the " @@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ "一些常用、共通的東西。而閱讀這部分並不難，只需要您有探索的精神和接受新概念。" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:814 +#: book.translate.xml:819 msgid "" "Once you have traveled this far, the second, far larger, section of the " "Handbook is a comprehensive reference to all manner of topics of interest to " @@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ "不熟的話，可在閱讀前先預習一番。" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:821 +#: book.translate.xml:826 msgid "" "For a list of additional sources of information, please see ." @@ -391,12 +391,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-changes-from3 -#: book.translate.xml:824 +#: book.translate.xml:829 msgid "Changes from the Third Edition" msgstr "自第三版後的主要修訂" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:827 +#: book.translate.xml:832 msgid "" "The current online version of the Handbook represents the cumulative effort " "of many hundreds of contributors over the past 10 years. The following are " @@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ "2014 年發佈的兩冊第三版後所做的主要修訂：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:834 +#: book.translate.xml:839 msgid "" " has been added with information about the " "powerful DTrace performance analysis tool." @@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ " 增加說明有關強大的 DTrace 效能分析工具的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:839 +#: book.translate.xml:844 msgid "" " has been added with information about non-" "native file systems in FreeBSD, such as ZFS from Sun." @@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ "自 Sun 的 ZSF。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:845 +#: book.translate.xml:850 msgid "" " has been added to cover the new auditing " "capabilities in FreeBSD and explain its use." @@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ " 增加的內容涵蓋 FreeBSD 的新稽查功能及其使用說明。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:850 +#: book.translate.xml:855 msgid "" " has been added with information about " "installing FreeBSD on virtualization software." @@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ " 增加有關在虛擬化軟體安裝 FreeBSD 的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:856 +#: book.translate.xml:861 msgid "" " has been added to cover installation of " "FreeBSD using the new installation utility, bsdinstall has been expanded with new information " "about the ACPI power and resource management, the cron " @@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ "cron 以及其他更多的核心調校選項說明內容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:880 +#: book.translate.xml:885 msgid "" " has been expanded with new information about " "virtual private networks (VPNs), file system access control lists (ACLs), " @@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ "(ACL)，以及安全報告。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:886 +#: book.translate.xml:891 msgid "" " is a new chapter with this edition. It explains what " "MAC is and how this mechanism can be used to secure a FreeBSD system." @@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ "何運用它來使您的 FreeBSD 系統更安全。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:892 +#: book.translate.xml:897 msgid "" " has been expanded with new information about USB " "storage devices, file system snapshots, file system quotas, file and network " @@ -507,13 +507,13 @@ "詳解。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:899 +#: book.translate.xml:904 msgid "" "A troubleshooting section has been added to ." msgstr " 增加了疑難排解的章節。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:903 +#: book.translate.xml:908 msgid "" " has been expanded with new information about using " "alternative transport agents, SMTP authentication, UUCP, " @@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ "application> 的運用以及其它進階主題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:911 +#: book.translate.xml:916 msgid "" " is all new with this edition. This " "chapter includes information about setting up the Apache HTTP " @@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ "\"advanced-networking\"/> 。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:921 +#: book.translate.xml:926 msgid "" " has been expanded with new " "information about using BluetoothGetting " "Started, System Administration, and " @@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ "及 附錄。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:972 +#: book.translate.xml:977 msgid "" " has been expanded to contain additional " "information about processes, daemons, and signals." @@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ " 新增了程序、Daemon 以及信號 (Signal) 的介紹。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:978 +#: book.translate.xml:983 msgid "" " has been expanded to contain additional " "information about binary package management." @@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ msgstr " 新增了介紹如何管理 Binary 套件的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:984 +#: book.translate.xml:989 msgid "" " has been completely rewritten with an emphasis on " "using modern desktop technologies such as KDE and " @@ -639,12 +639,12 @@ "GNOME。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:991 +#: book.translate.xml:996 msgid " has been expanded." msgstr " 更新相關內容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:995 +#: book.translate.xml:1000 msgid "" " has been written from what used to be two separate " "chapters on Disks and Backups. We feel that " @@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ "體、軟體 RAID) 的段落也新增上去了。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1004 +#: book.translate.xml:1009 msgid "" " has been completely reorganized and updated " "for FreeBSD 4.X/5.X." @@ -665,18 +665,18 @@ "容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1009 +#: book.translate.xml:1014 msgid " has been substantially updated." msgstr " 有相當程度的更新。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1014 +#: book.translate.xml:1019 msgid "" "Many new sections have been added to ." msgstr " 加入許多新內容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1018 +#: book.translate.xml:1023 msgid "" " has been expanded to include more information about " "configuring sendmail." @@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ "的介紹。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1024 +#: book.translate.xml:1029 msgid "" " has been expanded to include information about " "installing Oracle 的介紹。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1031 +#: book.translate.xml:1036 msgid "The following new topics are covered in this second edition:" msgstr "此外，第二版還新加章節，以介紹下列新主題：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1036 +#: book.translate.xml:1041 msgid "." msgstr "。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1040 +#: book.translate.xml:1045 msgid "." msgstr "。" #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-overview -#: book.translate.xml:1046 +#: book.translate.xml:1051 msgid "Organization of This Book" msgstr "本書架構" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1048 +#: book.translate.xml:1053 msgid "" "This book is split into five logically distinct sections. The first section, " "Getting Started, covers the installation and basic " @@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ "則包括網路和各式伺服器主題；而第五部分則為附錄包含各種有關 FreeBSD 的資源。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1073 +#: book.translate.xml:1078 msgid "" "Introduces FreeBSD to a new user. It describes the history of the FreeBSD " "Project, its goals and development model." @@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ msgstr "向新手介紹 FreeBSD。該篇說明了 FreeBSD 計劃的歷史、目標和開發模式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1083 +#: book.translate.xml:1088 msgid "" "Walks a user through the entire installation process of FreeBSD 9." "x and later using bsdinstallx 及之後版本的完整安裝流程。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1093 +#: book.translate.xml:1098 msgid "" "Covers the basic commands and functionality of the FreeBSD operating system. " "If you are familiar with Linux " @@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ "\">Linux 或其他類 UNIX® 系統，您則可跳過此章。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1104 +#: book.translate.xml:1109 msgid "" "Covers the installation of third-party software with both FreeBSD's " "innovative Ports Collection and standard binary packages." @@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ "第三方軟體。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1114 +#: book.translate.xml:1119 msgid "" "Describes the X Window System in general and using X11 on FreeBSD in " "particular. Also describes common desktop environments such as " @@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ "KDE 與 GNOME。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1127 +#: book.translate.xml:1132 msgid "" "Lists some common desktop applications, such as web browsers and " "productivity suites, and describes how to install them on FreeBSD." @@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ "程式到 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1136 +#: book.translate.xml:1141 msgid "" "Shows how to set up sound and video playback support for your system. Also " "describes some sample audio and video applications." @@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ "用程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1146 +#: book.translate.xml:1151 msgid "" "Explains why you might need to configure a new kernel and provides detailed " "instructions for configuring, building, and installing a custom kernel." @@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ msgstr "說明為何需要設定新的核心並會提供設定、編譯與安裝的詳細操作說明。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1156 +#: book.translate.xml:1161 msgid "" "Describes managing printers on FreeBSD, including information about banner " "pages, printer accounting, and initial setup." @@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ "介紹如何在 FreeBSD 管理印表機，包含橫幅頁面、列印帳務以及初始設定等資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1166 +#: book.translate.xml:1171 msgid "" "Describes the Linux " "compatibility features of FreeBSD. Also provides detailed installation " @@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ "\"registered\">Mathematica。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1180 +#: book.translate.xml:1185 msgid "" "Describes the parameters available for system administrators to tune a " "FreeBSD system for optimum performance. Also describes the various " @@ -850,7 +850,7 @@ "FreeBSD 用到的各種設定檔以及到何處尋找這些設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1191 +#: book.translate.xml:1196 msgid "" "Describes the FreeBSD boot process and explains how to control this process " "with configuration options." @@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ msgstr "介紹 FreeBSD 開機流程並說明如何使用設定選項控制開機流程。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1200 +#: book.translate.xml:1205 msgid "" "Describes many different tools available to help keep your FreeBSD system " "secure, including Kerberos, IPsec and OpenSSH." @@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ "OpenSSH。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1210 +#: book.translate.xml:1215 msgid "" "Describes the jails framework, and the improvements of jails over the " "traditional chroot support of FreeBSD." @@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ "介紹 Jail Framework，以及 Jail 改進那些 FreeBSD 傳統 chroot 不足的地方。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1219 +#: book.translate.xml:1224 msgid "" "Explains what Mandatory Access Control (MAC) is and how this mechanism can " "be used to secure a FreeBSD system." @@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ "保 FreeBSD 系統的安全。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1229 +#: book.translate.xml:1234 msgid "" "Describes what FreeBSD Event Auditing is, how it can be installed, " "configured, and how audit trails can be inspected or monitored." @@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ "介紹什麼事 FreeBSD 事件稽查，如何安裝與設定，以及如何檢查與監控稽查線索。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1239 +#: book.translate.xml:1244 msgid "" "Describes how to manage storage media and filesystems with FreeBSD. This " "includes physical disks, RAID arrays, optical and tape media, memory-backed " @@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ "與磁帶媒體、記憶體為基礎的磁碟以及網路檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1250 +#: book.translate.xml:1255 msgid "" "Describes what the GEOM framework in FreeBSD is and how to configure various " "supported RAID levels." @@ -909,7 +909,7 @@ "介紹在 FreeBSD 中的 GEOM Framework 是什麼，以及如何設定各種支援的 RAID 階層。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1259 +#: book.translate.xml:1264 msgid "" "Examines support of non-native file systems in FreeBSD, like the Z File " "System from Sun." @@ -918,7 +918,7 @@ "案系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1268 +#: book.translate.xml:1273 msgid "" "Describes what virtualization systems offer, and how they can be used with " "FreeBSD." @@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ msgstr "介紹虛擬化系統提供了那些功能，以及如何在 FreeBSD 上使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1277 +#: book.translate.xml:1282 msgid "" "Describes how to use FreeBSD in languages other than English. Covers both " "system and application level localization." @@ -932,7 +932,7 @@ msgstr "介紹如何在 FreeBSD 使用非英文的語言，這涵蓋了系統及應用層的在地化。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1287 +#: book.translate.xml:1292 msgid "" "Explains the differences between FreeBSD-STABLE, FreeBSD-CURRENT, and " "FreeBSD releases. Describes which users would benefit from tracking a " @@ -944,7 +944,7 @@ "佈版本的方法。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1300 +#: book.translate.xml:1305 msgid "" "Describes how to configure and use the DTrace tool from Sun in FreeBSD. Dynamic tracing can help locate performance issues, " @@ -954,7 +954,7 @@ "追蹤可以透過執行真實時間系統分析來協助定位效能問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1313 +#: book.translate.xml:1318 msgid "" "Explains how to connect terminals and modems to your FreeBSD system for both " "dial in and dial out connections." @@ -961,12 +961,12 @@ msgstr "介紹如何使用撥入及撥出連線到您的 FreeBSD 系統的終端機與數據機。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1323 +#: book.translate.xml:1328 msgid "Describes how to use PPP to connect to remote systems with FreeBSD." msgstr "介紹如何在 FreeBSD 使用 PPP 來連線遠端的系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1332 +#: book.translate.xml:1337 msgid "" "Explains the different components of an email server and dives into simple " "configuration topics for the most popular mail server software: " @@ -976,7 +976,7 @@ "sendmail。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1343 +#: book.translate.xml:1348 msgid "" "Provides detailed instructions and example configuration files to set up " "your FreeBSD machine as a network filesystem server, domain name server, " @@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ "網域名稱伺服器、網路資訊系統伺服器或時間同步伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1354 +#: book.translate.xml:1359 msgid "" "Explains the philosophy behind software-based firewalls and provides " "detailed information about the configuration of the different firewalls " @@ -996,7 +996,7 @@ "細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1364 +#: book.translate.xml:1369 msgid "" "Describes many networking topics, including sharing an Internet connection " "with other computers on your LAN, advanced routing topics, wireless " @@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@ "ATM、IPv6 以及更多相關主題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1377 +#: book.translate.xml:1382 msgid "" "Lists different sources for obtaining FreeBSD media on CDROM or DVD as well " "as different sites on the Internet that allow you to download and install " @@ -1018,7 +1018,7 @@ "您可以下載並安裝 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1387 +#: book.translate.xml:1392 msgid "" "This book touches on many different subjects that may leave you hungry for a " "more detailed explanation. The bibliography lists many excellent books that " @@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@ "多優秀書籍。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1398 +#: book.translate.xml:1403 msgid "" "Describes the many forums available for FreeBSD users to post questions and " "engage in technical conversations about FreeBSD." @@ -1036,18 +1036,18 @@ "介紹了可讓 FreeBSD 使用者提出問題以及參與有關 FreeBSD 技術會談的許多論壇。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1408 +#: book.translate.xml:1413 msgid "Lists the PGP fingerprints of several FreeBSD Developers." msgstr "列出了數個 FreeBSD 開發人員的 PGP 指紋。" #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-conv -#: book.translate.xml:1414 +#: book.translate.xml:1419 msgid "Conventions used in this book" msgstr "本書的編排體裁" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1417 +#: book.translate.xml:1422 msgid "" "To provide a consistent and easy to read text, several conventions are " "followed throughout the book." @@ -1055,17 +1055,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-conv-typographic -#: book.translate.xml:1420 +#: book.translate.xml:1425 msgid "Typographic Conventions" msgstr "文字編排體裁" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:1424 +#: book.translate.xml:1429 msgid "Italic" msgstr "斜體字" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1427 +#: book.translate.xml:1432 msgid "" "An italic font is used for filenames, URLs, emphasized " "text, and the first usage of technical terms." @@ -1074,12 +1074,12 @@ "次提及的技術詞彙。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:1434 +#: book.translate.xml:1439 msgid "Monospace" msgstr "等寬字" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1437 +#: book.translate.xml:1442 msgid "" "A monospaced font is used for error messages, commands, " "environment variables, names of ports, hostnames, user names, group names, " @@ -1089,12 +1089,12 @@ "稱、帳號、群組、裝置名稱、變數、程式碼等。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:1445 +#: book.translate.xml:1450 msgid "Bold" msgstr "粗體字" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1448 +#: book.translate.xml:1453 msgid "" "A bold font is used for applications, commands, and keys." msgstr "以粗體字表示：應用程式、指令、按鍵。" @@ -1101,12 +1101,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-conv-commands -#: book.translate.xml:1455 +#: book.translate.xml:1460 msgid "User Input" msgstr "使用者輸入" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1458 +#: book.translate.xml:1463 msgid "" "Keys are shown in bold to stand out from other text. Key " "combinations that are meant to be typed simultaneously are shown with " @@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ "按下一些按鍵，我們以 `+' 來表示連接，像是：" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1463 +#: book.translate.xml:1468 msgid "" " Ctrl Alt " "Del" @@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1469 +#: book.translate.xml:1474 msgid "" "Meaning the user should type the Ctrl, Alt, and Del keys at the same time." @@ -1132,7 +1132,7 @@ "keycap> 鍵。" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1473 +#: book.translate.xml:1478 msgid "" "Keys that are meant to be typed in sequence will be separated with commas, " "for example:" @@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ msgstr "若要逐一按鍵，那麼會以逗號 (,) 來表示，像是：" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1476 +#: book.translate.xml:1481 msgid "" " Ctrl X , Ctrl SCtrl and " "X keys simultaneously and then to type the CtrlC:\\> indicate a MS-DOS command. Unless otherwise noted, " @@ -1178,13 +1178,13 @@ "Prompt) 視窗內執行。" #. (itstool) path: preface/screen -#: book.translate.xml:1499 +#: book.translate.xml:1504 #, no-wrap msgid "E:\\> tools\\fdimage floppies\\kern.flp A:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1501 +#: book.translate.xml:1506 msgid "" "Examples starting with # indicate a command that must be " "invoked as the superuser in FreeBSD. You can login as 1 來取得超級使用者權限。" #. (itstool) path: preface/screen -#: book.translate.xml:1507 +#: book.translate.xml:1512 #, no-wrap msgid "# dd if=kern.flp of=/dev/fd0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1509 +#: book.translate.xml:1514 msgid "" "Examples starting with % indicate a command that should be " "invoked from a normal user account. Unless otherwise noted, C-shell syntax " @@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ "其他指令的意思。" #. (itstool) path: preface/screen -#: book.translate.xml:1514 +#: book.translate.xml:1519 #, no-wrap msgid "% top" msgstr "" @@ -1222,12 +1222,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-acknowledgements -#: book.translate.xml:1516 +#: book.translate.xml:1521 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "銘謝" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1518 +#: book.translate.xml:1523 msgid "" "The book you are holding represents the efforts of many hundreds of people " "around the world. Whether they sent in fixes for typos, or submitted " @@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@ "糾正一些錯誤或提交完整的章節，所有的點滴貢獻都是非常寶貴有用的。" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1523 +#: book.translate.xml:1528 msgid "" "Several companies have supported the development of this document by paying " "authors to work on it full-time, paying for publication, etc. In particular, " @@ -1263,12 +1263,12 @@ "手冊以使第三版印刷版本能夠出版的志工。" #. (itstool) path: part/title -#: book.translate.xml:1542 +#: book.translate.xml:1547 msgid "Getting Started" msgstr "入門" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:1545 +#: book.translate.xml:1550 msgid "" "This part of the handbook is for users and administrators who are new to " "FreeBSD. These chapters:" @@ -1275,17 +1275,17 @@ msgstr "這部份是提供給初次使用 FreeBSD 的使用者和系統管理者。 這些章節包括：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1550 +#: book.translate.xml:1555 msgid "Introduce FreeBSD." msgstr "介紹 FreeBSD 給您。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1554 +#: book.translate.xml:1559 msgid "Guide readers through the installation process." msgstr "在安裝過程給您指引。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1558 +#: book.translate.xml:1563 msgid "" "Teach UNIX basics and " "fundamentals." @@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ msgstr "教您 UNIX 的基礎及原理。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1562 +#: book.translate.xml:1567 msgid "" "Show how to install the wealth of third party applications available for " "FreeBSD." @@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ msgstr "展示給您看如何安裝豐富的 FreeBSD 的應用軟體。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1567 +#: book.translate.xml:1572 msgid "" "Introduce X, the UNIX windowing " "system, and detail how to configure a desktop environment that makes users " @@ -1309,7 +1309,7 @@ "細的桌面環境設定，讓您更有生產力。" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:1573 +#: book.translate.xml:1578 msgid "" "The number of forward references in the text have been kept to a minimum so " "that this section can be read from front to back with minimal page flipping." @@ -1320,12 +1320,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: info/title #. (itstool) path: sect1/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:1587 book.translate.xml:23709 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:1592 book.translate.xml:23826 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Introduction" msgstr "簡介" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:1590 book.translate.xml:2855 +#: book.translate.xml:1595 book.translate.xml:2860 msgid "" " Jim Mock Restructured, reorganized, and parts rewritten by FreeBSD comes from." msgstr "當然囉，還有 FreeBSD 這名字的由來。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:1637 +#: book.translate.xml:1642 msgid "Welcome to FreeBSD!" msgstr "歡迎使用 FreeBSD！" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1639 book.translate.xml:1808 +#: book.translate.xml:1644 book.translate.xml:1813 msgid "4.4BSD-Lite" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:1641 +#: book.translate.xml:1646 msgid "" "FreeBSD is a 4.4BSD-Lite based operating system for Intel (x86 and " "Itanium), AMD64, Sun 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:1651 +#: book.translate.xml:1656 msgid "What Can FreeBSD Do?" msgstr "FreeBSD 能做什麼？" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1653 +#: book.translate.xml:1658 msgid "FreeBSD has many noteworthy features. Some of these are:" msgstr "FreeBSD 提供給你許多先進功能。這些功能包括：" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1659 +#: book.translate.xml:1664 msgid "preemptive multitasking" msgstr "先佔式多工" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1658 +#: book.translate.xml:1663 msgid "" "Preemptive multitasking <_:indexterm-1/> with dynamic " "priority adjustment to ensure smooth and fair sharing of the computer " @@ -1453,12 +1453,12 @@ "即使在系統負擔很重的情況下，程式執行平順並且應用程式與使用者公平地共享資源。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1668 +#: book.translate.xml:1673 msgid "multi-user facilities" msgstr "多人共用" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1668 +#: book.translate.xml:1673 msgid "" "Multi-user facilities<_:indexterm-1/> which allow many " "people to use a FreeBSD system simultaneously for a variety of things. This " @@ -1473,12 +1473,12 @@ "保護系統不致被過度使用。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1681 +#: book.translate.xml:1686 msgid "TCP/IP networking" msgstr "TCP/IP 網路" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1680 +#: book.translate.xml:1685 msgid "" "Strong TCP/IP networking<_:indexterm-1/> with support " "for industry standards such as SCTP, DHCP, NFS, NIS, PPP, SLIP, IPsec, and " @@ -1495,12 +1495,12 @@ "供 WWW、FTP、路由及防火牆 (安全性) 等必備服務。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1694 +#: book.translate.xml:1699 msgid "memory protection" msgstr "記憶體保護" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1694 +#: book.translate.xml:1699 msgid "" "Memory protection<_:indexterm-1/> ensures that " "applications (or users) cannot interfere with each other. One application " @@ -1510,12 +1510,12 @@ "程式有不正常的運作，都不會影響其他程式的執行。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1703 book.translate.xml:1946 +#: book.translate.xml:1708 book.translate.xml:1951 msgid "X Window System" msgstr "X Window 系統" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1702 +#: book.translate.xml:1707 msgid "" "The industry standard X Window System<_:indexterm-1/> " "(X11R7) can provide a graphical user interface (GUI) on any machine and " @@ -1527,32 +1527,32 @@ #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1712 book.translate.xml:17960 +#: book.translate.xml:1717 book.translate.xml:18077 msgid "binary compatibility Linux" msgstr "Binary 相容性 Linux" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1716 +#: book.translate.xml:1721 msgid "binary compatibility SCO" msgstr "Binary 相容性 SCO" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1720 +#: book.translate.xml:1725 msgid "binary compatibility SVR4" msgstr "Binary 相容性 SVR4" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1724 +#: book.translate.xml:1729 msgid "binary compatibility BSD/OS" msgstr "Binary 相容性 BSD/OS" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1728 +#: book.translate.xml:1733 msgid "binary compatibility NetBSD" msgstr "Binary 相容性 NetBSD" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1711 +#: book.translate.xml:1716 msgid "" "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> <_:indexterm-3/> <_:indexterm-4/> <_:" "indexterm-5/> Binary compatibility with many programs " @@ -1563,7 +1563,7 @@ "(如： Linux、SCO、SVR4、BSDI 和 NetBSD) 的可執行檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1738 +#: book.translate.xml:1743 msgid "" "Thousands of ready-to-run applications are available " "from the FreeBSD ports and packageseasy-to-port applications " "are available on the Internet. FreeBSD is source code compatible with most " @@ -1587,12 +1587,12 @@ "行。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1755 +#: book.translate.xml:1760 msgid "virtual memory" msgstr "虛擬記憶體" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1754 +#: book.translate.xml:1759 msgid "" "Demand paged virtual memory<_:indexterm-1/> and " "merged VM/buffer cache design efficiently satisfies " @@ -1604,12 +1604,12 @@ "維持與其他使用者的互動。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1764 +#: book.translate.xml:1769 msgid "Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP)" msgstr "對稱多工處理 (SMP)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1764 +#: book.translate.xml:1769 msgid "" "SMP<_:indexterm-1/> support for machines with multiple " "CPUs." @@ -1618,17 +1618,17 @@ "多 CPU 的電腦系統。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1773 +#: book.translate.xml:1778 msgid "compilers C" msgstr "編譯器 C" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1777 +#: book.translate.xml:1782 msgid "compilers C++" msgstr "編譯器 C++" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1772 +#: book.translate.xml:1777 msgid "" "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> A full complement of C and C++ development tools. Many additional " @@ -1640,12 +1640,12 @@ "進階研發的程式語言也收集在 Port 和套件集。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1790 +#: book.translate.xml:1795 msgid "source code" msgstr "原始碼" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1790 +#: book.translate.xml:1795 msgid "" "Source code<_:indexterm-1/> for the entire system means " "you have the greatest degree of control over your environment. Why be locked " @@ -1657,22 +1657,22 @@ "廠商擺佈呢？" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1799 +#: book.translate.xml:1804 msgid "Extensive online documentation." msgstr "廣泛且豐富的 線上文件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1804 +#: book.translate.xml:1809 msgid "And many more!" msgstr "當然囉，還不止如此！" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1811 +#: book.translate.xml:1816 msgid "Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG)" msgstr "電腦系統研究組 (CSRG)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1808 +#: book.translate.xml:1813 msgid "" "FreeBSD is based on the 4.4BSD-Lite<_:indexterm-1/> release from Computer " "Systems Research Group (CSRG)<_:indexterm-2/> at the University of " @@ -1691,7 +1691,7 @@ "時，FreeBSD 已經具備這樣的特質，並具有其他地方沒有的尖端功能。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1822 +#: book.translate.xml:1827 msgid "" "The applications to which FreeBSD can be put are truly limited only by your " "own imagination. From software development to factory automation, inventory " @@ -1711,7 +1711,7 @@ "軟體，而且出現的數目是與日俱增。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1834 +#: book.translate.xml:1839 msgid "" "Because the source code for FreeBSD itself is generally available, the " "system can also be customized to an almost unheard of degree for special " @@ -1724,7 +1724,7 @@ "地被修改。 以下提供一些人們使用 FreeBSD 的例子：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1844 +#: book.translate.xml:1849 msgid "" "Internet Services: The robust TCP/IP networking built " "into FreeBSD makes it an ideal platform for a variety of Internet services " @@ -1734,34 +1734,34 @@ "務 (如下例) 的理想平台：" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1851 +#: book.translate.xml:1856 msgid "web servers" msgstr "網頁伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1851 +#: book.translate.xml:1856 msgid "World Wide Web servers<_:indexterm-1/> (standard or secure [SSL])" msgstr "全球資訊網伺服器<_:indexterm-1/> (標準的或更安全的 [SSL])" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1858 +#: book.translate.xml:1863 msgid "IPv4 and IPv6 routing" msgstr "IPv4 及 IPv6 路由" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: chapter/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1862 book.translate.xml:57983 +#: book.translate.xml:1867 book.translate.xml:58100 msgid "firewall" msgstr "防火牆" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1865 book.translate.xml:61149 +#: book.translate.xml:1870 book.translate.xml:61266 msgid "NAT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1862 +#: book.translate.xml:1867 msgid "" "Firewalls<_:indexterm-1/> and NAT<_:indexterm-2/> (IP masquerading) gateways" @@ -1770,38 +1770,38 @@ "閘。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1872 +#: book.translate.xml:1877 msgid "FTP servers" msgstr "FTP 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1872 +#: book.translate.xml:1877 msgid "FTP servers<_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "檔案傳輸協定伺服器<_:indexterm-1/>" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1879 +#: book.translate.xml:1884 msgid "electronic mail email" msgstr "電子郵件 email" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1883 book.translate.xml:50352 +#: book.translate.xml:1888 book.translate.xml:50469 msgid "email" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1878 +#: book.translate.xml:1883 msgid "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> Electronic Mail servers" msgstr "<_:indexterm-1/><_:indexterm-2/> 電子郵件伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1890 +#: book.translate.xml:1895 msgid "And more..." msgstr "還有更多..." #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1896 +#: book.translate.xml:1901 msgid "" "Education: Are you a student of computer science or a " "related engineering field? There is no better way of learning about " @@ -1817,7 +1817,7 @@ "等可以免費地取得使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1908 +#: book.translate.xml:1913 msgid "" "Research: With source code for the entire system " "available, FreeBSD is an excellent platform for research in operating " @@ -1832,17 +1832,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1920 book.translate.xml:62032 +#: book.translate.xml:1925 book.translate.xml:62149 msgid "router" msgstr "路由器" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1922 +#: book.translate.xml:1927 msgid "DNS Server" msgstr "DNS 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1919 +#: book.translate.xml:1924 msgid "" "Networking: Need a new router?<_:indexterm-1/> A name " "server (DNS)?<_:indexterm-2/> A firewall to keep people out of your internal " @@ -1854,12 +1854,12 @@ "或 486 PC 變身成為絕佳的伺服器，甚至具有過濾封包的功能。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1933 +#: book.translate.xml:1938 msgid "embedded" msgstr "嵌入式" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1931 +#: book.translate.xml:1936 msgid "" "Embedded: FreeBSD makes an excellent platform to build " "embedded systems upon. <_:indexterm-1/> With support for the GNOME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1952 book.translate.xml:12031 +#: book.translate.xml:1957 book.translate.xml:12126 msgid "KDE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1945 +#: book.translate.xml:1950 msgid "" "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> <_:indexterm-3/> Desktop: FreeBSD makes a fine choice for an inexpensive desktop solution " @@ -1910,12 +1910,12 @@ "於管理。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1971 +#: book.translate.xml:1976 msgid "Compiler" msgstr "編譯器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1968 +#: book.translate.xml:1973 msgid "" "Software Development: The basic FreeBSD system comes " "with a full complement of development tools including a full C/C++<_:" @@ -1927,7 +1927,7 @@ "援需多其他語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1980 +#: book.translate.xml:1985 msgid "" "FreeBSD is available to download free of charge, or can be obtained on " "either CD-ROM or DVD. Please see for more " @@ -1937,12 +1937,12 @@ "linkend=\"mirrors\"/> 取得 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:1987 +#: book.translate.xml:1992 msgid "Who Uses FreeBSD?" msgstr "誰在用 FreeBSD？" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1989 +#: book.translate.xml:1994 msgid "" "users large sites running FreeBSD" msgstr "" @@ -1949,7 +1949,7 @@ "使用者 執行 FreeBSD 的大型站台" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1994 +#: book.translate.xml:1999 msgid "" "FreeBSD's advanced features, proven security, predictable release cycle, and " "permissive license have led to its use as a platform for building many " @@ -1962,12 +1962,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2004 book.translate.xml:56653 +#: book.translate.xml:2009 book.translate.xml:56770 msgid "Apache" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2003 +#: book.translate.xml:2008 msgid "" "Apache <_:indexterm-1/> - " "The Apache Software Foundation runs most of its public facing " @@ -1979,12 +1979,12 @@ "庫 (擁有超過 140 萬次提交) 都是在 FreeBSD 上運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2014 +#: book.translate.xml:2019 msgid "Apple" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2013 +#: book.translate.xml:2018 msgid "" "Apple <_:indexterm-1/> - " "OS X borrows heavily from FreeBSD for the network stack, virtual file " @@ -1996,12 +1996,12 @@ "Apple iOS 中含有從 FreeBSD 借鑒來的元素。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2024 +#: book.translate.xml:2029 msgid "Cisco" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2023 +#: book.translate.xml:2028 msgid "" "Cisco <_:indexterm-1/> - " "IronPort network security and anti-spam appliances run a modified FreeBSD " @@ -2011,12 +2011,12 @@ "IronPort 網路安全及反垃圾郵件設備是採用改良後 FreeBSD 核心來運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2032 +#: book.translate.xml:2037 msgid "Citrix" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2031 +#: book.translate.xml:2036 msgid "" "Citrix <_:indexterm-1/> - " "The NetScaler line of security appliances provide layer 4-7 load balancing, " @@ -2028,12 +2028,12 @@ "牆、安全的 VPN 以及行動雲端網路存取，皆運用了 FreeBSD Shell 強大的功能。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2043 +#: book.translate.xml:2048 msgid "Dell KACE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2041 +#: book.translate.xml:2046 msgid "" "Dell KACE <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The KACE system management appliances run FreeBSD because of " @@ -2045,12 +2045,12 @@ "擴展性以及支持其持續發展的社群。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2053 +#: book.translate.xml:2058 msgid "Experts Exchange" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2051 +#: book.translate.xml:2056 msgid "" "Experts Exchange <_:indexterm-1/> - All public facing web servers are powered by " @@ -2062,12 +2062,12 @@ "量使用 Jail 來隔離開發與測試環境，減少了虛擬化的額外開銷。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2063 +#: book.translate.xml:2068 msgid "Isilon" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2062 +#: book.translate.xml:2067 msgid "" "Isilon <_:indexterm-1/> - " "Isilon's enterprise storage appliances are based on FreeBSD. The extremely " @@ -2080,12 +2080,12 @@ "整合了它們的智慧財產到整個核心，並專注打造自己的產品，而不是一個作業系統。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2075 +#: book.translate.xml:2080 msgid "iXsystems" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2074 +#: book.translate.xml:2079 msgid "" "iXsystems <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The TrueNAS line of unified storage appliances is based on " @@ -2098,12 +2098,12 @@ "開源計劃的開發。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2085 +#: book.translate.xml:2090 msgid "Juniper" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2084 +#: book.translate.xml:2089 msgid "" "Juniper <_:indexterm-1/> " "- The JunOS operating system that powers all Juniper networking gear " @@ -2121,12 +2121,12 @@ "功能從 FreeBSD 整合回 JunOS 的複雜性。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2100 +#: book.translate.xml:2105 msgid "McAfee" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2099 +#: book.translate.xml:2104 msgid "" "McAfee <_:indexterm-1/> - " "SecurOS, the basis of McAfee enterprise firewall products including " @@ -2137,12 +2137,12 @@ "FreeBSD 為基礎。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2109 +#: book.translate.xml:2114 msgid "NetApp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2108 +#: book.translate.xml:2113 msgid "" "NetApp <_:indexterm-1/> - " "The Data ONTAP GX line of storage appliances are based on FreeBSD. In " @@ -2154,12 +2154,12 @@ "了回 FreeBSD 許多功能，包括新 BSD 條款授權的 hypervisor, bhyve。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2119 book.translate.xml:2393 +#: book.translate.xml:2124 book.translate.xml:2398 msgid "Netflix" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2118 +#: book.translate.xml:2123 msgid "" "Netflix <_:indexterm-1/> " "- The OpenConnect appliance that Netflix uses to stream movies to its " @@ -2174,12 +2174,12 @@ "Netflix 的 OpenConnect 設備負責了北美所有的網路流量 32％ 以上。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2132 +#: book.translate.xml:2137 msgid "Sandvine" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2131 +#: book.translate.xml:2136 msgid "" "Sandvine <_:indexterm-1/" "> - Sandvine uses FreeBSD as the basis of their high performance realtime " @@ -2191,12 +2191,12 @@ "網路策略控制產品。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2142 +#: book.translate.xml:2147 msgid "Sony" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2141 +#: book.translate.xml:2146 msgid "" "Sony <_:indexterm-1/> - The " "PlayStation 4 gaming console runs a modified version of FreeBSD." @@ -2205,12 +2205,12 @@ "PlayStation 4 遊戲主機使用了修改過的 FreeBSD 版本來運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2150 +#: book.translate.xml:2155 msgid "Sophos" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2149 +#: book.translate.xml:2154 msgid "" "Sophos <_:indexterm-1/> - " "The Sophos Email Appliance product is based on a hardened FreeBSD and scans " @@ -2222,12 +2222,12 @@ "郵件中的垃圾郵件和病毒，同時也可監控出站郵件中的惡意軟體及敏感資訊。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2162 +#: book.translate.xml:2167 msgid "Spectra Logic" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2160 +#: book.translate.xml:2165 msgid "" "Spectra Logic <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The nTier line of archive grade storage appliances run " @@ -2237,12 +2237,12 @@ "indexterm-1/> - 儲藏級儲存設備的 nTier 產品線以 FreeBSD 和 OpenZFS 來運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2170 +#: book.translate.xml:2175 msgid "Stormshield" msgstr "Stormshield" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2169 +#: book.translate.xml:2174 msgid "" "Stormshield <_:" "indexterm-1/> - Stormshield Network Security appliances are based on a " @@ -2256,12 +2256,12 @@ "群。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2183 +#: book.translate.xml:2188 msgid "The Weather Channel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2181 +#: book.translate.xml:2186 msgid "" "The Weather Channel <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The IntelliStar appliance that is installed at each local " @@ -2273,12 +2273,12 @@ "視網路節目的 IntelliStar 設備便是使用 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2194 +#: book.translate.xml:2199 msgid "Verisign" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2193 +#: book.translate.xml:2198 msgid "" "Verisign <_:indexterm-1/" "> - Verisign is responsible for operating the .com and .net root domain " @@ -2292,12 +2292,12 @@ "點故障的問題。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2207 +#: book.translate.xml:2212 msgid "Voxer" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2206 +#: book.translate.xml:2211 msgid "" "Voxer <_:indexterm-1/> - " "Voxer powers their mobile voice messaging platform with ZFS on FreeBSD. " @@ -2313,12 +2313,12 @@ "的 ZFS 也支援了 TRIM。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2221 +#: book.translate.xml:2226 msgid "WhatsApp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2220 +#: book.translate.xml:2225 msgid "" "WhatsApp <_:indexterm-1/" "> - When WhatsApp needed a platform that would be able to handle more than 1 " @@ -2330,12 +2330,12 @@ "台時，它們選擇了 FreeBSD。它們接著擴大規模到每台伺服器處理超過 250 萬的連線。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2233 +#: book.translate.xml:2238 msgid "Wheel Systems" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2231 +#: book.translate.xml:2236 msgid "" "Wheel Systems <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The FUDO security appliance allows enterprises to monitor, " @@ -2349,17 +2349,17 @@ "GELI, Capsicum, HAST 及 auditdistd。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2245 +#: book.translate.xml:2250 msgid "FreeBSD has also spawned a number of related open source projects:" msgstr "FreeBSD 也催生了數個相關的開源計劃：" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2252 +#: book.translate.xml:2257 msgid "BSD Router" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2250 +#: book.translate.xml:2255 msgid "" "BSD Router <_:indexterm-1/> - " "A FreeBSD based replacement for large enterprise routers designed to run on " @@ -2369,12 +2369,12 @@ "以 FreeBSD 為基礎的大型企業路由器替代方案，專門設計為可在標準 PC 硬體上運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2261 +#: book.translate.xml:2266 msgid "FreeNAS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2260 +#: book.translate.xml:2265 msgid "" "FreeNAS <_:indexterm-1/> " "- A customized FreeBSD designed to be used as a network file server " @@ -2389,12 +2389,12 @@ "iSCSI，還有以 FreeBSD Jail 為基礎的套件系統。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2273 +#: book.translate.xml:2278 msgid "GhostBSD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2272 +#: book.translate.xml:2277 msgid "" "GhostBSD <_:indexterm-1/" "> - A desktop oriented distribution of FreeBSD bundled with the Gnome " @@ -2404,12 +2404,12 @@ "> - 採用 Gnome 桌面環境的 FreeBSD 發行版。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2281 +#: book.translate.xml:2286 msgid "mfsBSD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2280 +#: book.translate.xml:2285 msgid "" "mfsBSD <_:indexterm-1/> - A " "toolkit for building a FreeBSD system image that runs entirely from memory." @@ -2418,12 +2418,12 @@ "來建置可完全從記憶體執行 FreeBSD 系統映像檔工具。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2289 +#: book.translate.xml:2294 msgid "NAS4Free" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2288 +#: book.translate.xml:2293 msgid "" "NAS4Free <_:indexterm-1/" "> - A file server distribution based on FreeBSD with a PHP powered web " @@ -2433,12 +2433,12 @@ "> - 以 FreeBSD 及 PHP 驅動網頁介面為基礎的檔案伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2297 +#: book.translate.xml:2302 msgid "OPNsense" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2296 +#: book.translate.xml:2301 msgid "" "OPNSense <_:indexterm-1/" "> - OPNsense is an open source, easy-to-use and easy-to-build FreeBSD based " @@ -2453,12 +2453,12 @@ "功能集，同時擁有開放和安全的來源。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2309 +#: book.translate.xml:2314 msgid "PC-BSD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2308 +#: book.translate.xml:2313 msgid "" "PC-BSD <_:indexterm-1/> - " "A customized version of FreeBSD geared towards desktop users with graphical " @@ -2470,12 +2470,12 @@ "能給所有使用者，專門設計來緩解使用者在 Windows 與 OS X 間的過渡。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2319 +#: book.translate.xml:2324 msgid "pfSense" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2318 +#: book.translate.xml:2323 msgid "" "pfSense <_:indexterm-1/> " "- A firewall distribution based on FreeBSD with a huge array of features and " @@ -2485,12 +2485,12 @@ "- 以 FreeBSD 為基礎的防火牆發行版，支援巨型陣列及大規模 IPv6。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2328 +#: book.translate.xml:2333 msgid "ZRouter" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2327 +#: book.translate.xml:2332 msgid "" "ZRouter <_:indexterm-1/> - " "An open source alternative firmware for embedded devices based on FreeBSD. " @@ -2501,7 +2501,7 @@ "用韌體。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2336 +#: book.translate.xml:2341 msgid "" "FreeBSD is also used to power some of the biggest sites on the Internet, " "including:" @@ -2508,55 +2508,55 @@ msgstr "FreeBSD 也同時被用來驅動一些網際網路上的大型網站，包括：" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2342 +#: book.translate.xml:2347 msgid "Yahoo!" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2341 +#: book.translate.xml:2346 msgid "" "Yahoo! <_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2349 +#: book.translate.xml:2354 msgid "Yandex" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2348 +#: book.translate.xml:2353 msgid "" "Yandex <_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2356 +#: book.translate.xml:2361 msgid "Rambler" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2355 +#: book.translate.xml:2360 msgid "" "Rambler <_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2363 +#: book.translate.xml:2368 msgid "Sina" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2362 +#: book.translate.xml:2367 msgid "Sina <_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2371 +#: book.translate.xml:2376 msgid "Pair Networks" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2369 +#: book.translate.xml:2374 msgid "" "Pair Networks <_:" "indexterm-1/>" @@ -2563,12 +2563,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2379 +#: book.translate.xml:2384 msgid "Sony Japan" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2377 +#: book.translate.xml:2382 msgid "" "Sony Japan <_:indexterm-1/" ">" @@ -2575,12 +2575,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2386 +#: book.translate.xml:2391 msgid "Netcraft" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2385 +#: book.translate.xml:2390 msgid "" "Netcraft <_:indexterm-1/" ">" @@ -2587,7 +2587,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2392 +#: book.translate.xml:2397 msgid "" "Netflix " "<_:indexterm-1/>" @@ -2594,23 +2594,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2400 +#: book.translate.xml:2405 msgid "NetEase" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2399 +#: book.translate.xml:2404 msgid "" "NetEase <_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2407 +#: book.translate.xml:2412 msgid "Weathernews" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2406 +#: book.translate.xml:2411 msgid "" "Weathernews <_:" "indexterm-1/>" @@ -2617,12 +2617,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2415 +#: book.translate.xml:2420 msgid "TELEHOUSE America" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2413 +#: book.translate.xml:2418 msgid "" "TELEHOUSE America <_:" "indexterm-1/>" @@ -2629,7 +2629,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2422 +#: book.translate.xml:2427 msgid "" "and many more. Wikipedia also maintains a list of products " @@ -2639,12 +2639,12 @@ "org/wiki/List_of_products_based_on_FreeBSD\">以 FreeBSD 為基礎的產品。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:2428 +#: book.translate.xml:2433 msgid "About the FreeBSD Project" msgstr "關於 FreeBSD 計劃" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2430 +#: book.translate.xml:2435 msgid "" "The following section provides some background information on the project, " "including a brief history, project goals, and the development model of the " @@ -2652,37 +2652,37 @@ msgstr "接下來講的是 FreeBSD 計劃的背景，包含歷史、計劃目標以及開發模式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:2435 +#: book.translate.xml:2440 msgid "A Brief History of FreeBSD" msgstr "FreeBSD 歷史簡介" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2437 +#: book.translate.xml:2442 msgid "386BSD Patchkit" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2438 +#: book.translate.xml:2443 msgid "Hubbard, Jordan" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2439 +#: book.translate.xml:2444 msgid "Williams, Nate" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2440 +#: book.translate.xml:2445 msgid "Grimes, Rod" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2441 +#: book.translate.xml:2446 msgid "FreeBSD Project history" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2446 +#: book.translate.xml:2451 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Project had its genesis in the early part of 1993, partially as " "an outgrowth of the Unofficial 386BSDPatchkit by the patchkit's last 3 " @@ -2692,12 +2692,12 @@ "劃的最後三個協調人 Nate Williams，Rod Grimes 和 Jordan Hubbard。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2451 book.translate.xml:2491 +#: book.translate.xml:2456 book.translate.xml:2496 msgid "386BSD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2452 +#: book.translate.xml:2457 msgid "" "The original goal was to produce an intermediate snapshot of 386BSD in order " "to fix a number of problems with it that the patchkit mechanism just was not " @@ -2709,12 +2709,12 @@ "386BSD Interim 便是這個原因。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2458 +#: book.translate.xml:2463 msgid "Jolitz, Bill" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2459 +#: book.translate.xml:2464 msgid "" "386BSD was Bill Jolitz's operating system, which had been up to that point " "suffering rather severely from almost a year's worth of neglect. As the " @@ -2730,17 +2730,17 @@ "出未來的打算，所以該計劃便突然面臨中止。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2469 +#: book.translate.xml:2474 msgid "Greenman, David" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2470 +#: book.translate.xml:2475 msgid "Walnut Creek CDROM" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2472 +#: book.translate.xml:2477 msgid "" "The trio thought that the goal remained worthwhile, even without Bill's " "support, and so they adopted the name \"FreeBSD\" coined by David Greenman. " @@ -2765,27 +2765,27 @@ "模。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2488 +#: book.translate.xml:2493 msgid "4.3BSD-Lite" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2489 book.translate.xml:2504 +#: book.translate.xml:2494 book.translate.xml:2509 msgid "Net/2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2490 book.translate.xml:2503 +#: book.translate.xml:2495 book.translate.xml:2508 msgid "U.C. Berkeley" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2492 book.translate.xml:8878 +#: book.translate.xml:2497 book.translate.xml:8883 msgid "Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2494 +#: book.translate.xml:2499 msgid "" "The first CD-ROM (and general net-wide) distribution was FreeBSD 1.0, " "released in December of 1993. This was based on the 4.3BSD-Lite " @@ -2800,17 +2800,17 @@ "還算成功，我們又接著於 1994 年 5 月發行了相當成功的 FreeBSD 1.1。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2502 +#: book.translate.xml:2507 msgid "Novell" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2505 +#: book.translate.xml:2510 msgid "AT&T" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2506 +#: book.translate.xml:2511 msgid "" "Around this time, some rather unexpected storm clouds formed on the horizon " "as Novell and U.C. Berkeley settled their long-running lawsuit over the " @@ -2835,7 +2835,7 @@ "最後一次發行，也就是 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2523 +#: book.translate.xml:2528 msgid "" "FreeBSD then set about the arduous task of literally re-inventing itself " "from a completely new and rather incomplete set of 4.4BSD-Lite bits. The " @@ -2857,7 +2857,7 @@ "之於 1995 年 6 月又發行了更容易安裝，更好的 FreeBSD 2.0.5。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2537 +#: book.translate.xml:2542 msgid "" "Since that time, FreeBSD has made a series of releases each time improving " "the stability, speed, and feature set of the previous version." @@ -2866,7 +2866,7 @@ "的發佈版本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2541 +#: book.translate.xml:2546 msgid "" "For now, long-term development projects continue to take place in the 10.X-" "CURRENT (trunk) branch, and snapshot releases of 10.X are continually made " @@ -2878,12 +2878,12 @@ "snapshots/\">快照伺服器 取得。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:2549 +#: book.translate.xml:2554 msgid "FreeBSD Project Goals" msgstr "FreeBSD 計劃目標" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2552 +#: book.translate.xml:2557 msgid "" " Jordan Hubbard Contributed by " @@ -2890,12 +2890,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2562 +#: book.translate.xml:2567 msgid "FreeBSD Project goals" msgstr "FreeBSD 計劃 目標" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2566 +#: book.translate.xml:2571 msgid "" "The goals of the FreeBSD Project are to provide software that may be used " "for any purpose and without strings attached. Many of us have a significant " @@ -2915,22 +2915,22 @@ "是我們所倡導的一個目標。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2578 +#: book.translate.xml:2583 msgid "GNU General Public License (GPL)" msgstr "GNU 通用公共授權條款 (GPL)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2581 +#: book.translate.xml:2586 msgid "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)" msgstr "GNU 較寬鬆通用公共授權條款 (LGPL)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2584 +#: book.translate.xml:2589 msgid "BSD Copyright" msgstr "BSD 版權" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2585 +#: book.translate.xml:2590 msgid "" "That code in our source tree which falls under the GNU General Public " "License (GPL) or Library General Public License (LGPL) comes with slightly " @@ -2946,12 +2946,12 @@ "果可以選擇的話， 我們會比較喜歡使用限制相對更寬鬆的 BSD 版權來發佈軟體。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:2597 +#: book.translate.xml:2602 msgid "The FreeBSD Development Model" msgstr "FreeBSD 開發模式" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2600 +#: book.translate.xml:2605 msgid "" " Satoshi Asami Contributed by " @@ -2958,13 +2958,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2610 +#: book.translate.xml:2615 msgid "" "FreeBSD Project development model" msgstr "FreeBSD 專案 開發模式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2615 +#: book.translate.xml:2620 msgid "" "The development of FreeBSD is a very open and flexible process, being " "literally built from the contributions of thousands of people around the " @@ -2991,7 +2991,7 @@ "link> 對那些希望了解我們進度的人也是相當有用的。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2628 +#: book.translate.xml:2633 msgid "" "Useful things to know about the FreeBSD Project and its development process, " "whether working independently or in close cooperation:" @@ -3000,44 +3000,44 @@ "錯的︰" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2634 +#: book.translate.xml:2639 msgid "The SVN repositories" msgstr "SVN 檔案庫" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2638 +#: book.translate.xml:2643 msgid "CVS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2642 +#: book.translate.xml:2647 msgid "CVS Repository" msgstr "CVS 檔案庫" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2646 +#: book.translate.xml:2651 msgid "Concurrent Versions System CVS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2651 book.translate.xml:45013 book.translate.xml:45053 +#: book.translate.xml:2656 book.translate.xml:45130 book.translate.xml:45170 #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Subversion" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2655 +#: book.translate.xml:2660 msgid "Subversion Repository" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2659 +#: book.translate.xml:2664 msgid "SVN Subversion" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2637 +#: book.translate.xml:2642 msgid "" "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> <_:indexterm-3/> <_:indexterm-4/> <_:" "indexterm-5/> <_:indexterm-6/> For several years, the central source tree " @@ -3070,17 +3070,17 @@ "\"ports-using\">使用 Port 套件集 了解如何取得 FreeBSD Port 套件集。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2686 +#: book.translate.xml:2691 msgid "The committers list" msgstr "提交者名單" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2690 +#: book.translate.xml:2695 msgid "committers" msgstr "提交者" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2689 +#: book.translate.xml:2694 msgid "" "The committers <_:indexterm-1/> are the people who " "have write access to the Subversion tree, and are " @@ -3101,17 +3101,17 @@ "誤 (Bug)。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2706 +#: book.translate.xml:2711 msgid "The FreeBSD core team" msgstr "FreeBSD 核心團隊" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2710 +#: book.translate.xml:2715 msgid "core team" msgstr "核心團隊" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2709 +#: book.translate.xml:2714 msgid "" "The FreeBSD core team <_:indexterm-1/> would be " "equivalent to the board of directors if the FreeBSD Project were a company. " @@ -3129,7 +3129,7 @@ "2014 年 7 月從提交者候選人之中選出來的，這個選舉每兩年會舉辦一次。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:2725 +#: book.translate.xml:2730 msgid "" "Like most developers, most members of the core team are also volunteers when " "it comes to FreeBSD development and do not benefit from the project " @@ -3146,12 +3146,12 @@ "而選擇投入 FreeBSD 開發的熱血有為者才對！" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2740 +#: book.translate.xml:2745 msgid "Outside contributors" msgstr "非官方貢獻者" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2743 +#: book.translate.xml:2748 msgid "" "Last, but definitely not least, the largest group of developers are the " "users themselves who provide feedback and bug fixes to us on an almost " @@ -3169,12 +3169,12 @@ "linkend=\"eresources\"/> 以瞭解各式不同的 FreeBSD 郵遞論壇。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2754 +#: book.translate.xml:2759 msgid "contributors" msgstr "貢獻者" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2752 +#: book.translate.xml:2757 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Contributors List " @@ -3187,7 +3187,7 @@ "貢獻 FreeBSD 一些回饋呢？" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2759 +#: book.translate.xml:2764 msgid "" "Providing code is not the only way of contributing to the project; for a " "more complete list of things that need doing, please refer to the FreeBSD 計畫網站。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2767 +#: book.translate.xml:2772 msgid "" "In summary, our development model is organized as a loose set of concentric " "circles. The centralized model is designed for the convenience of the " @@ -3214,7 +3214,7 @@ "用 — 而這個開發模式對我們要完成這個目標來說運作的非常好。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2777 +#: book.translate.xml:2782 msgid "" "All we ask of those who would join us as FreeBSD developers is some of the " "same dedication its current people have to its continued success!" @@ -3223,12 +3223,12 @@ "保繼續成功！" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:2783 +#: book.translate.xml:2788 msgid "Third Party Programs" msgstr "第三方程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2785 +#: book.translate.xml:2790 msgid "" "In addition to the base distributions, FreeBSD offers a ported software " "collection with thousands of commonly sought-after programs. At the time of " @@ -3256,12 +3256,12 @@ "更多有關套件與 Port 的資訊可於 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:2806 +#: book.translate.xml:2811 msgid "Additional Documentation" msgstr "其他文件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2808 +#: book.translate.xml:2813 msgid "" "All recent FreeBSD versions provide an option in the installer (either " "sysinstall8/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/handbook/index.html/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/faq/index.htmlhttp://www.FreeBSD.org/." @@ -3318,12 +3318,12 @@ "\"http://www.FreeBSD.org/\">http://www.FreeBSD.org/。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:2852 +#: book.translate.xml:2857 msgid "Installing FreeBSD" msgstr "安裝 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2880 +#: book.translate.xml:2885 msgid "" " Gavin Atkinson Updated for bsdinstall by " @@ -3330,7 +3330,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2889 +#: book.translate.xml:2894 msgid "" " Warren Block " @@ -3337,7 +3337,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2898 +#: book.translate.xml:2903 msgid "" " Allan Jude Updated for root-on-ZFS by " @@ -3344,12 +3344,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2912 +#: book.translate.xml:2917 msgid "installation" msgstr "安裝" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2914 +#: book.translate.xml:2919 msgid "" "Beginning with FreeBSD 9.0-RELEASE, FreeBSD provides an easy to use, text-" "based installation program named bsdinstall. This " @@ -3361,7 +3361,7 @@ "bsdinstall 來安裝 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2920 +#: book.translate.xml:2925 msgid "" "In general, the installation instructions in this chapter are written for " "the i386 and AMD64 architectures. " @@ -3376,7 +3376,7 @@ "著來做。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:2929 +#: book.translate.xml:2934 msgid "" "Users who prefer to install FreeBSD using a graphical installer may be " "interested in pc-sysinstall, the installer used " @@ -3392,22 +3392,22 @@ "\">http://wiki.pcbsd.org/index.php/Colophon)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2941 +#: book.translate.xml:2946 msgid "The minimum hardware requirements and FreeBSD supported architectures." msgstr "最低的硬體需求和 FreeBSD 支援的架構。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2946 +#: book.translate.xml:2951 msgid "How to create the FreeBSD installation media." msgstr "如何建立 FreeBSD 的安裝媒體。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2950 +#: book.translate.xml:2955 msgid "How to start bsdinstall." msgstr "如何開始執行 bsdinstall。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2955 +#: book.translate.xml:2960 msgid "" "The questions bsdinstall will ask, what they " "mean, and how to answer them." @@ -3416,29 +3416,29 @@ "回答。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2960 +#: book.translate.xml:2965 msgid "How to troubleshoot a failed installation." msgstr "安裝失敗時如何做故障排除。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2964 +#: book.translate.xml:2969 msgid "" "How to access a live version of FreeBSD before committing to an installation." msgstr "如何在正式安裝前使用 live 版本的 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2969 book.translate.xml:10625 book.translate.xml:13929 -#: book.translate.xml:18005 book.translate.xml:19270 book.translate.xml:23694 -#: book.translate.xml:29393 book.translate.xml:31140 book.translate.xml:31892 -#: book.translate.xml:35536 book.translate.xml:41467 book.translate.xml:41662 -#: book.translate.xml:42965 book.translate.xml:43988 book.translate.xml:46149 -#: book.translate.xml:46508 book.translate.xml:48719 book.translate.xml:50425 -#: book.translate.xml:58075 book.translate.xml:61726 +#: book.translate.xml:2974 book.translate.xml:10699 book.translate.xml:14031 +#: book.translate.xml:18122 book.translate.xml:19387 book.translate.xml:23811 +#: book.translate.xml:29510 book.translate.xml:31257 book.translate.xml:32009 +#: book.translate.xml:35653 book.translate.xml:41584 book.translate.xml:41779 +#: book.translate.xml:43082 book.translate.xml:44105 book.translate.xml:46266 +#: book.translate.xml:46625 book.translate.xml:48836 book.translate.xml:50542 +#: book.translate.xml:58192 book.translate.xml:61843 msgid "Before reading this chapter, you should:" msgstr "在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2973 +#: book.translate.xml:2978 msgid "" "Read the supported hardware list that shipped with the version of FreeBSD to " "be installed and verify that the system's hardware is supported." @@ -3446,12 +3446,12 @@ "閱讀即將安裝的 FreeBSD 版本所附帶的硬體支援清單，並核對系統的硬體是否有支援。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:2981 +#: book.translate.xml:2986 msgid "Minimum Hardware Requirements" msgstr "最低硬體需求" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2983 +#: book.translate.xml:2988 msgid "" "The hardware requirements to install FreeBSD vary by architecture. Hardware " "architectures and devices supported by a FreeBSD release are listed on the " @@ -3467,7 +3467,7 @@ "也有建議如何正確的選擇在不同架構使用的映像檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2990 +#: book.translate.xml:2995 msgid "" "A FreeBSD installation requires a minimum of 96 MB of RAM " "and 1.5 GB of free hard drive space. However, such small amounts of memory " @@ -3480,17 +3480,17 @@ "途的桌面系統會需要更多的資源，2-4 GB RAM 與至少 8 GB 的硬碟空間是不錯的起點。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2998 +#: book.translate.xml:3003 msgid "These are the processor requirements for each architecture:" msgstr "每一種架構的處理器需求概述如下：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:3003 +#: book.translate.xml:3008 msgid "amd64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3005 +#: book.translate.xml:3010 msgid "" "This is the most common desktop and laptop processor type, used in most " "modern systems. Intel calls it " @@ -3502,7 +3502,7 @@ "製造商則稱該類型為 x86-64。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3010 +#: book.translate.xml:3015 msgid "" "Examples of amd64 compatible processsors include: AMD Athlon64, AMD Opteron, multi-core Intel processors " @@ -3537,7 +3537,7 @@ "\"registered\">Intel 486 或是更高階的處理器也有支援。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3027 +#: book.translate.xml:3032 msgid "" "FreeBSD will take advantage of Physical Address Extensions (PAE) support on CPUs with this feature. A kernel " @@ -3555,12 +3555,12 @@ "refentrytitle>4。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:3039 +#: book.translate.xml:3044 msgid "ia64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3041 +#: book.translate.xml:3046 msgid "" "Currently supported processors are the Itanium and the ItaniumSMP) 的設定都有支援。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:3051 +#: book.translate.xml:3056 msgid "pc98" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3053 +#: book.translate.xml:3058 msgid "" "NEC PC-9801/9821 series with almost all i386-compatible processors, " "including 80486, Pentium, " @@ -3601,7 +3601,7 @@ "FC-9801/9821 及 NEC SV-98 系列也有支援。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3062 +#: book.translate.xml:3067 msgid "" "High-resolution mode is not supported. NEC PC-98XA/XL/RL/XL^2, and NEC PC-" "H98 series are supported in normal (PC-9801 compatible) mode only. The " @@ -3615,12 +3615,12 @@ "流排不支援。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:3073 +#: book.translate.xml:3078 msgid "powerpc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3075 +#: book.translate.xml:3080 msgid "" "All New World ROM Apple Mac systems with " @@ -3633,17 +3633,17 @@ "CPU 的機器都有支援。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3080 +#: book.translate.xml:3085 msgid "A 32-bit kernel can only use the first 2 GB of RAM." msgstr "32 位元的核心只能使用前 2 GB 的 RAM。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:3086 +#: book.translate.xml:3091 msgid "sparc64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3088 +#: book.translate.xml:3093 msgid "" "Systems supported by FreeBSD/sparc64 are listed at the FreeBSD/sparc64 Project." @@ -3652,7 +3652,7 @@ "platforms/sparc.html\">FreeBSD/sparc64 計劃。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3092 +#: book.translate.xml:3097 msgid "" "SMP is supported on all systems with more than 1 " "processor. A dedicated disk is required as it is not possible to share a " @@ -3662,12 +3662,12 @@ "因為此時無法和其他作業系統共用磁碟。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:3102 +#: book.translate.xml:3107 msgid "Pre-Installation Tasks" msgstr "安裝前準備工作" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3104 +#: book.translate.xml:3109 msgid "" "Once it has been determined that the system meets the minimum hardware " "requirements for installing FreeBSD, the installation file should be " @@ -3679,12 +3679,12 @@ "體。 做這些之前，先檢查以下核對清單的項目是否準備好了：" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3113 +#: book.translate.xml:3118 msgid "Back Up Important Data" msgstr "備份重要資料" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3115 +#: book.translate.xml:3120 msgid "" "Before installing any operating system, always backup " "all important data first. Do not store the backup on the system being " @@ -3701,12 +3701,12 @@ "面的資料都會遺失。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3127 +#: book.translate.xml:3132 msgid "Decide Where to Install FreeBSD" msgstr "決定 FreeBSD 安裝在哪裡" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3129 +#: book.translate.xml:3134 msgid "" "If FreeBSD will be the only operating system installed, this step can be " "skipped. But if FreeBSD will share the disk with another operating system, " @@ -3717,7 +3717,7 @@ "是哪個分割區 (Partition)。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3134 +#: book.translate.xml:3139 msgid "" "In the i386 and amd64 architectures, disks can be divided into multiple " "partitions using one of two partitioning schemes. A traditional " @@ -3743,7 +3743,7 @@ "個分割區，不再需要使用邏輯分割區。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3152 +#: book.translate.xml:3157 msgid "" "Some older operating systems, like Windows XP, are not compatible with the GPT partition " @@ -3755,7 +3755,7 @@ "這類作業系統共用一個磁碟，則需要用 MBR 分割表格式。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3159 +#: book.translate.xml:3164 msgid "" "The FreeBSD boot loader requires either a primary or GPT " "partition. If all of the primary or GPT partitions are " @@ -3769,7 +3769,7 @@ "工具來縮小現有的分割區，並使用釋放出來的空間建立新分割區。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3167 +#: book.translate.xml:3172 msgid "" "A variety of free and commercial partition resizing tools are listed at " "CD 發行版所收錄。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3177 +#: book.translate.xml:3182 msgid "" "When used properly, disk shrinking utilities can safely create space for " "creating a new partition. Since the possibility of selecting the wrong " @@ -3802,7 +3802,7 @@ "料，並確認備份的完整性。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3184 +#: book.translate.xml:3189 msgid "" "Disk partitions containing different operating systems make it possible to " "install multiple operating systems on one computer. An alternative is to use " @@ -3815,12 +3815,12 @@ "執行而不需要改變任何磁碟分割區。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3193 +#: book.translate.xml:3198 msgid "Collect Network Information" msgstr "收集網路資訊" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3195 +#: book.translate.xml:3200 msgid "" "Some FreeBSD installation methods require a network connection in order to " "download the installation files. After any installation, the installer will " @@ -3830,7 +3830,7 @@ "入設定系統網路的介面。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3200 +#: book.translate.xml:3205 msgid "" "If the network has a DHCP server, it can be used to " "provide automatic network configuration. If DHCP is not " @@ -3842,33 +3842,33 @@ "商 (Internet Service Provider, ISP) 取得以的網路資訊供系統使用：" #. (itstool) path: orderedlist/title -#: book.translate.xml:3208 +#: book.translate.xml:3213 msgid "Required Network Information" msgstr "需要的網路資訊" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:3211 book.translate.xml:53479 +#: book.translate.xml:3216 book.translate.xml:53596 msgid "IP address" msgstr "IP 位址" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3215 +#: book.translate.xml:3220 msgid "Subnet mask" msgstr "子網路遮罩" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3219 +#: book.translate.xml:3224 msgid "IP address of default gateway" -msgstr "預設閘道器 IP 位址" +msgstr "預設通訊閘 IP 位址" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3224 +#: book.translate.xml:3229 msgid "Domain name of the network" msgstr "網路的網域名稱" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3228 +#: book.translate.xml:3233 msgid "" "IP addresses of the network's DNS " "servers" @@ -3875,12 +3875,12 @@ msgstr "網路 DNS 伺服器 IP 位址" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3235 +#: book.translate.xml:3240 msgid "Check for FreeBSD Errata" msgstr "檢查 FreeBSD 勘誤表" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3237 +#: book.translate.xml:3242 msgid "" "Although the FreeBSD Project strives to ensure that each release of FreeBSD " "is as stable as possible, bugs occasionally creep into the process. On very " @@ -3899,7 +3899,7 @@ "裝的問題。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3247 +#: book.translate.xml:3252 msgid "" "Information and errata for all the releases can be found on the release " "information section of the FreeBSD web site ()。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3254 +#: book.translate.xml:3259 msgid "Prepare the Installation Media" msgstr "準備安裝的媒體" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3256 +#: book.translate.xml:3261 msgid "" "The FreeBSD installer is not an application that can be run from within " "another operating system. Instead, download a FreeBSD installation file, " @@ -3930,7 +3930,7 @@ "媒體來安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3263 +#: book.translate.xml:3268 msgid "" "FreeBSD installation files are available at www.freebsd.org/where." @@ -3949,7 +3949,7 @@ "DVD 來開機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3272 +#: book.translate.xml:3277 msgid "" "Installation files are available in several formats. The formats vary " "depending on computer architecture and media type." @@ -3957,7 +3957,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#bsdinstall-installation-media-uefi -#: book.translate.xml:3276 +#: book.translate.xml:3281 msgid "" "Additional installation files are included for computers that boot with " "UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface). The names " @@ -3968,12 +3968,12 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3282 +#: book.translate.xml:3287 msgid "File types:" msgstr "檔案類型：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3286 +#: book.translate.xml:3291 msgid "" "-bootonly.iso: This is the smallest installation file as " "it only contains the installer. A working Internet connection is required " @@ -3986,7 +3986,7 @@ "CD 燒錄應用程式燒錄到 CD 使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3296 +#: book.translate.xml:3301 msgid "" "-disc1.iso: This file contains all of the files needed to " "install FreeBSD, its source, and the Ports Collection. It should be burned " @@ -3997,7 +3997,7 @@ "到 CD 使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3304 +#: book.translate.xml:3309 msgid "" "-dvd1.iso: This file contains all of the files needed to " "install FreeBSD, its source, and the Ports Collection. It also contains a " @@ -4012,7 +4012,7 @@ "DVD 燒錄應用程式燒錄到 DVD 使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3315 +#: book.translate.xml:3320 msgid "" "-memstick.img: This file contains all of the files needed " "to install FreeBSD, its source, and the Ports Collection. It should be " @@ -4023,7 +4023,7 @@ "acronym> 隨身碟使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3323 +#: book.translate.xml:3328 msgid "" "-mini-memstick.img: Like -bootonly.iso, does not include installation files, but downloads them as needed. " @@ -4037,7 +4037,7 @@ "碟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3332 +#: book.translate.xml:3337 msgid "" "After downloading the image file, download CHECKSUM.SHA256 from the same directory. Calculate a checksumCHECKSUM." "SHA256. The checksums must match exactly. If the checksums do not " @@ -4064,12 +4064,12 @@ "應該要完全相符，若校驗碼不相符，則代表該映像檔是損壞的，必須再下載一次。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:3346 +#: book.translate.xml:3351 msgid "Writing an Image File to USB" msgstr "寫入映象檔到 USB" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:3348 +#: book.translate.xml:3353 msgid "" "The *.img file is an image of the " "complete contents of a memory stick. It cannot be " @@ -4083,7 +4083,7 @@ "隨身碟，本節會介紹其中兩種。" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:3357 +#: book.translate.xml:3362 msgid "" "Before proceeding, back up any important data on the USB " "stick. This procedure will erase the existing data on the stick." @@ -4092,12 +4092,12 @@ "身碟上既有的資料。" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3363 +#: book.translate.xml:3368 msgid "Using dd to Write the Image" msgstr "使用 dd 來寫入映像檔" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3367 +#: book.translate.xml:3372 msgid "" "This example uses /dev/da0 as the target device where " "the image will be written. Be very careful that the " @@ -4109,7 +4109,7 @@ "毀所有在指定目標裝置上已存在的資料。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3375 +#: book.translate.xml:3380 msgid "" "The dd1 command-line utility is available on BSD, USB 裝置。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3386 +#: book.translate.xml:3391 #, no-wrap msgid "# dd if=FreeBSD-10.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img of=/dev/da0 bs=1M conv=sync" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3388 +#: book.translate.xml:3393 msgid "" "If this command fails, verify that the USB stick is not " "mounted and that the device name is for the disk, not a partition. Some " @@ -4156,13 +4156,13 @@ "citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3399 +#: book.translate.xml:3404 msgid "" "Using Windows to Write the Image" msgstr "使用 Windows 來寫入映象檔" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3402 +#: book.translate.xml:3407 msgid "" "Be sure to give the correct drive letter as the existing data on the " "specified drive will be overwritten and destroyed." @@ -4170,7 +4170,7 @@ "務必確認指定的磁碟機代號正確，因在指定磁碟機上的既有資料將會被覆蓋與摧毀。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3408 +#: book.translate.xml:3413 msgid "" "Obtaining Image Writer for Windows" @@ -4179,7 +4179,7 @@ "trademark> 版" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3411 +#: book.translate.xml:3416 msgid "" "Image Writer for Windows is a free application that can correctly write an " @@ -4194,12 +4194,12 @@ "夾。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3419 +#: book.translate.xml:3424 msgid "Writing the Image with Image Writer" msgstr "用 Image Writer 寫入映象檔" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3421 +#: book.translate.xml:3426 msgid "" "Double-click the Win32DiskImager icon to start " "the program. Verify that the drive letter shown under " @@ -4218,17 +4218,17 @@ "入隨身碟。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:3436 +#: book.translate.xml:3441 msgid "You are now ready to start installing FreeBSD." msgstr "您現在可以開始安裝 FreeBSD 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:3442 +#: book.translate.xml:3447 msgid "Starting the Installation" msgstr "開始安裝" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:3445 +#: book.translate.xml:3450 msgid "" "By default, the installation will not make any changes to the disk(s) before " "the following message:" @@ -4235,7 +4235,7 @@ msgstr "預設安裝程序在下列訊息顯示之前不會對磁碟做任何更動：" #. (itstool) path: important/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:3448 +#: book.translate.xml:3453 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Your changes will now be written to disk. If you\n" @@ -4245,7 +4245,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:3453 +#: book.translate.xml:3458 msgid "" "The install can be exited at any time prior to this warning. If there is a " "concern that something is incorrectly configured, just turn the computer off " @@ -4255,7 +4255,7 @@ "腦，將不會對系統磁碟做任何更改。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3460 +#: book.translate.xml:3465 msgid "" "This section describes how to boot the system from the installation media " "which was prepared using the instructions in i386 and amd64" msgstr "在 i386 及 amd64 開機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3473 +#: book.translate.xml:3478 msgid "" "These architectures provide a BIOS menu for selecting the " "boot device. Depending upon the installation media being used, select the " @@ -4295,7 +4295,7 @@ "Escape 其中之一。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3484 +#: book.translate.xml:3489 msgid "" "If the computer loads the existing operating system instead of the FreeBSD " "installer, then either:" @@ -4302,7 +4302,7 @@ msgstr "若電腦仍載入了現有的作業系統，而不是 FreeBSD 安裝程式，原因可能為：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3489 +#: book.translate.xml:3494 msgid "" "The installation media was not inserted early enough in the boot process. " "Leave the media inserted and try restarting the computer." @@ -4311,7 +4311,7 @@ "電腦。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3495 +#: book.translate.xml:3500 msgid "" "The BIOS changes were incorrect or not saved. Double-" "check that the right boot device is selected as the first boot device." @@ -4320,7 +4320,7 @@ "確的裝置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3501 +#: book.translate.xml:3506 msgid "" "This system is too old to support booting from the chosen media. In this " "case, the Plop Boot Manager () 來從選擇的開機媒體開機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3511 +#: book.translate.xml:3516 msgid "Booting on PowerPC" msgstr "在 PowerPC 開機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3513 +#: book.translate.xml:3518 msgid "" "On most machines, holding C on the keyboard during boot " "will boot from the CD. Otherwise, hold 提示時，輸入" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3529 +#: book.translate.xml:3534 #, no-wrap msgid "boot cd:,\\ppc\\loader cd:0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3533 +#: book.translate.xml:3538 msgid "Booting on SPARC64" msgstr "在 SPARC64 開機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3535 +#: book.translate.xml:3540 msgid "" "Most SPARC64 systems are set up " "to boot automatically from disk. To install FreeBSD from a CD。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3539 +#: book.translate.xml:3544 msgid "" "To do this, reboot the system and wait until the boot message appears. The " "message depends on the model, but should look something like this:" @@ -4387,7 +4387,7 @@ "機型而有所不同，但大致結果會如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3543 +#: book.translate.xml:3548 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present\n" @@ -4397,7 +4397,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3548 +#: book.translate.xml:3553 msgid "" "If the system proceeds to boot from disk at this point, press L1A or " @@ -4420,7 +4420,7 @@ "prompt>，其中的數字代表啟動的 CPU 數。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3560 +#: book.translate.xml:3565 msgid "" "At this point, place the CD into the drive and type " "boot cdrom from the PROM prompt." @@ -4429,12 +4429,12 @@ "畫面輸入 boot cdrom。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3566 +#: book.translate.xml:3571 msgid "FreeBSD Boot Menu" msgstr "FreeBSD 開機選單" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3568 +#: book.translate.xml:3573 msgid "" "Once the system boots from the installation media, a menu similar to the " "following will be displayed:" @@ -4441,7 +4441,7 @@ msgstr "從安裝媒體開機之後，會顯示如下的選單：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3572 +#: book.translate.xml:3577 msgid "FreeBSD Boot Loader Menu" msgstr "FreeBSD 開機載入程式選單" @@ -4450,7 +4450,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3576 +#: book.translate.xml:3581 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-newboot-loader-menu' md5='__failed__'" @@ -4457,7 +4457,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3581 +#: book.translate.xml:3586 msgid "" "By default, the menu will wait ten seconds for user input before booting " "into the FreeBSD installer or, if FreeBSD is already installed, before " @@ -4471,7 +4471,7 @@ "以下選項可選。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3591 +#: book.translate.xml:3596 msgid "" "Boot Multi User: This will continue the FreeBSD boot " "process. If the boot timer has been paused, press 1, upper- " @@ -4482,7 +4482,7 @@ "B 或 Enter 鍵。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3599 +#: book.translate.xml:3604 msgid "" "Boot Single User: This mode can be used to fix an " "existing FreeBSD installation as described in 、大寫或小寫 S 進入這個模式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3607 +#: book.translate.xml:3612 msgid "" "Escape to loader prompt: This will boot the system into a " "repair prompt that contains a limited number of low-level commands. This " @@ -4507,12 +4507,12 @@ "入這個提示。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3616 +#: book.translate.xml:3621 msgid "Reboot: Reboots the system." msgstr "重新開機 (Reboot)：重新開啟系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3620 +#: book.translate.xml:3625 msgid "" "Configure Boot Options: Opens the menu shown in, and " "described under, ." @@ -4521,7 +4521,7 @@ "說明於 。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3626 +#: book.translate.xml:3631 msgid "FreeBSD Boot Options Menu" msgstr "FreeBSD 開機選項選單" @@ -4530,13 +4530,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3630 +#: book.translate.xml:3635 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-boot-options-menu' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3635 +#: book.translate.xml:3640 msgid "" "The boot options menu is divided into two sections. The first section can be " "used to either return to the main boot menu or to reset any toggled options " @@ -4546,7 +4546,7 @@ "回預設值。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3640 +#: book.translate.xml:3645 msgid "" "The next section is used to toggle the available options to On or Off by pressing the option's highlighted " @@ -4559,7 +4559,7 @@ "到選項被修改。有數個選項可以在這個選單做切換：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3649 +#: book.translate.xml:3654 msgid "" "ACPI Support: If the system hangs during boot, try " "toggling this option to Off." @@ -4568,7 +4568,7 @@ "個選項為關 (Off)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3655 +#: book.translate.xml:3660 msgid "" "Safe Mode: If the system still hangs during boot even " "with ACPI Support set to Off, try " @@ -4579,7 +4579,7 @@ "將此選項設為開 (On)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3662 +#: book.translate.xml:3667 msgid "" "Single User: Toggle this option to On " "to fix an existing FreeBSD installation as described in Off)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3670 +#: book.translate.xml:3675 msgid "" "Verbose: Toggle this option to On to " "see more detailed messages during the boot process. This can be useful when " @@ -4601,7 +4601,7 @@ "literal>) 來查看開機程序中更詳細的訊息，這在診斷硬體問題時非常有用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3677 +#: book.translate.xml:3682 msgid "" "After making the needed selections, press 1 or " "Backspace to return to the main boot menu, then press " @@ -4616,7 +4616,7 @@ "選單如 。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3686 +#: book.translate.xml:3691 msgid "Welcome Menu" msgstr "歡迎選單" @@ -4625,13 +4625,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3690 +#: book.translate.xml:3695 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-choose-mode' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3695 +#: book.translate.xml:3700 msgid "" "Press Enter to select the default of " "[ Install ] to enter the installer. The rest of this " @@ -4651,7 +4651,7 @@ "本的詳細說明於 。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:3708 +#: book.translate.xml:3713 msgid "" "To review the boot messages, including the hardware device probe, press the " "upper- or lower-case S and then Enter to " @@ -4665,12 +4665,12 @@ "exit 返回歡迎選單。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:3721 +#: book.translate.xml:3726 msgid "Using bsdinstall" msgstr "使用 bsdinstall" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3723 +#: book.translate.xml:3728 msgid "" "This section shows the order of the bsdinstall " "menus and the type of information that will be asked before the system is " @@ -4685,12 +4685,12 @@ "選項然後進入下一個畫面。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3732 +#: book.translate.xml:3737 msgid "Selecting the Keymap Menu" msgstr "選擇鍵盤對應表選單" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3734 +#: book.translate.xml:3739 msgid "" "Depending on the system console being used, bsdinstall may initially display the menu shown in 。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3739 +#: book.translate.xml:3744 msgid "Keymap Selection" msgstr "鍵盤對應表選擇" @@ -4709,7 +4709,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3743 +#: book.translate.xml:3748 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-keymap-select-default' md5='__failed__'" @@ -4716,7 +4716,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3748 +#: book.translate.xml:3753 msgid "" "To configure the keyboard layout, press Enter with " "[ YES ] selected, which will display the menu shown " @@ -4730,7 +4730,7 @@ "Enter 跳過這個選單畫面。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3757 +#: book.translate.xml:3762 msgid "Selecting Keyboard Menu" msgstr "選擇鍵盤選單" @@ -4739,13 +4739,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3761 +#: book.translate.xml:3766 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-keymap' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3766 +#: book.translate.xml:3771 msgid "" "When configuring the keyboard layout, use the up and down arrows to select " "the keymap that most closely represents the mapping of the keyboard attached " @@ -4755,7 +4755,7 @@ "(Keymap)，然後按下 Enter 儲存選項。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:3772 +#: book.translate.xml:3777 msgid "" "Pressing Esc will exit this menu and use the default " "keymap. If the choice of keymap is not clear, United States of " @@ -4766,7 +4766,7 @@ "guimenuitem> 是也是保險的選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3778 +#: book.translate.xml:3783 msgid "" "In FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE and later, this menu has been enhanced. The full " "selection of keymaps is shown, with the default preselected. In addition, " @@ -4778,7 +4778,7 @@ "對話框讓使用者測試鍵盤對應表來確認。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3785 +#: book.translate.xml:3790 msgid "Enhanced Keymap Menu" msgstr "改進後的鍵盤對應表選單" @@ -4787,7 +4787,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3789 +#: book.translate.xml:3794 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-keymap-10' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -4794,12 +4794,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3797 book.translate.xml:3804 +#: book.translate.xml:3802 book.translate.xml:3809 msgid "Setting the Hostname" msgstr "設定主機名稱" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3799 +#: book.translate.xml:3804 msgid "" "The next bsdinstall menu is used to set the " "hostname for the newly installed system." @@ -4812,13 +4812,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3808 +#: book.translate.xml:3813 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-hostname' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3813 +#: book.translate.xml:3818 msgid "" "Type in a hostname that is unique for the network. It should be a fully-" "qualified hostname, such as machine3." @@ -4829,12 +4829,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3818 book.translate.xml:3824 +#: book.translate.xml:3823 book.translate.xml:3829 msgid "Selecting Components to Install" msgstr "選擇要安裝的元件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3820 +#: book.translate.xml:3825 msgid "" "Next, bsdinstall will prompt to select optional " "components to install." @@ -4846,13 +4846,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3828 +#: book.translate.xml:3833 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-components' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3833 +#: book.translate.xml:3838 msgid "" "Deciding which components to install will depend largely on the intended use " "of the system and the amount of disk space available. The FreeBSD kernel and " @@ -4865,7 +4865,7 @@ "必須安裝的部份。依據系統的架構，部份元件可能不會顯示：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3842 +#: book.translate.xml:3847 msgid "" "doc - Additional documentation, mostly of historical " "interest, to install into /usr/share/doc. The " @@ -4879,7 +4879,7 @@ "操作。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3850 +#: book.translate.xml:3855 msgid "" "games - Several traditional BSD games, " "including fortune, rot13lib32 - Compatibility libraries for running 32-bit " "applications on a 64-bit version of FreeBSD." @@ -4899,7 +4899,7 @@ "用的相容性程式庫。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3863 +#: book.translate.xml:3868 msgid "" "ports - The FreeBSD Ports Collection is a collection of " "files which automates the downloading, compiling and installation of third-" @@ -4910,7 +4910,7 @@ "方軟體套件的集合， 中會討論到如何使用 Port 套件集。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3870 +#: book.translate.xml:3875 msgid "" "The installation program does not check for adequate disk space. Select this " "option only if sufficient hard disk space is available. The FreeBSD Ports " @@ -4920,7 +4920,7 @@ "磁碟空間，只有在有足夠的磁碟空間時才選擇這個選項。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3879 +#: book.translate.xml:3884 msgid "" "src - The complete FreeBSD source code for both the " "kernel and the userland. Although not required for the majority of " @@ -4937,12 +4937,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3892 book.translate.xml:3903 +#: book.translate.xml:3897 book.translate.xml:3908 msgid "Installing from the Network" msgstr "從網路安裝" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3894 +#: book.translate.xml:3899 msgid "" "The menu shown in only " "appears when installing from a -bootonly.iso " @@ -4961,13 +4961,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3907 +#: book.translate.xml:3912 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-netinstall-files' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3912 +#: book.translate.xml:3917 msgid "" "To configure the network connection, press Enter and follow " "the instructions in . Once " @@ -4982,7 +4982,7 @@ "載的速度會比較快，這會減少安裝的時間。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3921 +#: book.translate.xml:3926 msgid "Choosing a Mirror" msgstr "選擇鏡像站" @@ -4991,7 +4991,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3925 +#: book.translate.xml:3930 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-netinstall-mirrorselect' md5='__failed__'" @@ -4998,7 +4998,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3930 +#: book.translate.xml:3935 msgid "" "Installation will then continue as if the installation files were located on " "the local installation media." @@ -5005,12 +5005,12 @@ msgstr "若在本機的安裝媒體中找到安裝檔案，安裝程序便會繼續。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:3936 +#: book.translate.xml:3941 msgid "Allocating Disk Space" msgstr "配置磁碟空間" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3938 +#: book.translate.xml:3943 msgid "" "The next menu is used to determine the method for allocating disk space. The " "options available in the menu depend upon the version of FreeBSD being " @@ -5020,7 +5020,7 @@ "本而有所不同。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3943 +#: book.translate.xml:3948 msgid "Partitioning Choices on FreeBSD 9.x" msgstr "FreeBSD 9.x 的磁碟分割選項" @@ -5029,7 +5029,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3947 +#: book.translate.xml:3952 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-guided-manual' md5='__failed__'" @@ -5036,7 +5036,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3953 +#: book.translate.xml:3958 msgid "Partitioning Choices on FreeBSD 10.x and Higher" msgstr "FreeBSD 10.x 或更新版本的磁碟分割選項" @@ -5045,13 +5045,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3957 +#: book.translate.xml:3962 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-partmenu' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3962 +#: book.translate.xml:3967 msgid "" "Guided partitioning automatically sets up the disk " "partitions, Manual partitioning allows advanced users to " @@ -5079,7 +5079,7 @@ "firstterm>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3973 +#: book.translate.xml:3978 msgid "" "This section describes what to consider when laying out the disk partitions. " "It then demonstrates how to use the different partitioning methods." @@ -5087,32 +5087,32 @@ "本節會介紹在配置磁碟分割時需要考量那些事情，並且會示範各種磁碟分割的方式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3978 +#: book.translate.xml:3983 msgid "Designing the Partition Layout" msgstr "規劃分割區配置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:3980 +#: book.translate.xml:3985 msgid "partition layout" msgstr "分割區配置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:3981 +#: book.translate.xml:3986 msgid "/etc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:3984 +#: book.translate.xml:3989 msgid "/var" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:3987 +#: book.translate.xml:3992 msgid "/usr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3991 +#: book.translate.xml:3996 msgid "" "When laying out file systems, remember that hard drives transfer data faster " "from the outer tracks to the inner. Thus, smaller and heavier-accessed file " @@ -5128,7 +5128,7 @@ "/var 然後 /usr。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4001 +#: book.translate.xml:4006 msgid "" "The size of the /var partition reflects the intended " "machine's usage. This partition is used to hold mailboxes, log files, and " @@ -5143,7 +5143,7 @@ "/var 需要超過 1 GB 的可用磁碟空間。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:4011 +#: book.translate.xml:4016 msgid "" "Sometimes, a lot of disk space is required in /var/tmp. " "When new software is installed, the packaging tools extract a temporary copy " @@ -5160,7 +5160,7 @@ "application> 或 LibreOffice 會很困難。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4022 +#: book.translate.xml:4027 msgid "" "The /usr partition holds many of the files which " "support the system, including the FreeBSD Ports Collection and system source " @@ -5170,7 +5170,7 @@ "Port 套件集以及系統原始碼。這個分割區建議至少要有 2 GB 的空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4027 +#: book.translate.xml:4032 msgid "" "When selecting partition sizes, keep the space requirements in mind. Running " "out of space in one partition while barely using another can be a hassle." @@ -5179,17 +5179,17 @@ "區時會很麻煩。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:4031 +#: book.translate.xml:4036 msgid "swap sizing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:4034 +#: book.translate.xml:4039 msgid "swap partition" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4038 +#: book.translate.xml:4043 msgid "" "As a rule of thumb, the swap partition should be about double the size of " "physical memory (RAM). Systems with minimal RAMSCSI disks or multiple " "IDE disks operating on different controllers, it is " @@ -5223,7 +5223,7 @@ "換空間，這也會讓要從失控的程式恢復運作更容易，而不需強制重新啟動系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4059 +#: book.translate.xml:4064 msgid "" "By properly partitioning a system, fragmentation introduced in the smaller " "write heavy partitions will not bleed over into the mostly read partitions. " @@ -5241,12 +5241,12 @@ "顯著。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4072 +#: book.translate.xml:4077 msgid "Guided Partitioning" msgstr "引導式磁碟分割" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4074 +#: book.translate.xml:4079 msgid "" "When this method is selected, a menu will display the available disk(s). If " "multiple disks are connected, choose the one where FreeBSD is to be " @@ -5256,7 +5256,7 @@ "個來安裝 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4079 +#: book.translate.xml:4084 msgid "Selecting from Multiple Disks" msgstr "自多個磁碟選擇" @@ -5265,13 +5265,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4083 +#: book.translate.xml:4088 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-guided-disk' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4088 +#: book.translate.xml:4093 msgid "" "Once the disk is selected, the next menu prompts to install to either the " "entire disk or to create a partition using free space. If " @@ -5286,7 +5286,7 @@ "未使用的空間來建立分割區配置。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4098 +#: book.translate.xml:4103 msgid "Selecting Entire Disk or Partition" msgstr "選擇完整磁碟或分割區" @@ -5295,13 +5295,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4102 +#: book.translate.xml:4107 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-entire-part' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4107 +#: book.translate.xml:4112 msgid "" "After the partition layout has been created, review it to ensure it meets " "the needs of the installation. Selecting [ Revert ] " @@ -5318,7 +5318,7 @@ "[ Finish ] 繼續安裝。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4118 +#: book.translate.xml:4123 msgid "Review Created Partitions" msgstr "確認已建立的分割區" @@ -5327,23 +5327,23 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4122 +#: book.translate.xml:4127 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-review' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4129 +#: book.translate.xml:4134 msgid "Manual Partitioning" msgstr "手動磁碟分割" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4131 +#: book.translate.xml:4136 msgid "Selecting this method opens the partition editor:" msgstr "選擇這個方法會開啟分割區編輯程式：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4134 book.translate.xml:4149 book.translate.xml:4220 +#: book.translate.xml:4139 book.translate.xml:4154 book.translate.xml:4225 msgid "Manually Create Partitions" msgstr "手動建立分割區" @@ -5352,7 +5352,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4138 +#: book.translate.xml:4143 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-manual-create' md5='__failed__'" @@ -5359,7 +5359,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4143 +#: book.translate.xml:4148 msgid "" "Highlight the installation drive (ada0 in this example) " "and select [ Create ] to display a menu of available " @@ -5374,7 +5374,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4153 +#: book.translate.xml:4158 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-manual-partscheme' md5='__failed__'" @@ -5381,7 +5381,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4158 +#: book.translate.xml:4163 msgid "" "GPT is usually the most appropriate choice for amd64 " "computers. Older computers that are not compatible with GPTPowerPC." @@ -5430,12 +5430,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm #. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym -#: book.translate.xml:4182 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:4187 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "BSD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4183 +#: book.translate.xml:4188 msgid "" "BSD label without an MBR, sometimes " "called dangerously dedicated mode as non-" @@ -5446,12 +5446,12 @@ "(Dangerously dedicated mode)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4191 +#: book.translate.xml:4196 msgid "GPT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4192 +#: book.translate.xml:4197 msgid "" "GUID Partition Table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4196 +#: book.translate.xml:4201 msgid "MBR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4197 +#: book.translate.xml:4202 msgid "" "Master Boot Record (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record)." @@ -5477,12 +5477,12 @@ "link>)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4201 +#: book.translate.xml:4206 msgid "PC98" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4202 +#: book.translate.xml:4207 msgid "" "MBR variant used by NEC PC-98 computers (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pc9801)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4207 +#: book.translate.xml:4212 msgid "VTOC8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4208 +#: book.translate.xml:4213 msgid "Volume Table Of Contents used by Sun SPARC64 and UltraSPARC computers." msgstr "Volume Table Of Contents，用於 Sun SPARC64 及 UltraSPARC 電腦。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4215 +#: book.translate.xml:4220 msgid "" "After the partitioning scheme has been selected and created, select " "[ Create ] again to create the partitions." @@ -5516,7 +5516,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4224 +#: book.translate.xml:4229 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-manual-addpart' md5='__failed__'" @@ -5523,7 +5523,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4229 +#: book.translate.xml:4234 msgid "" "A standard FreeBSD GPT installation uses at least three " "partitions:" @@ -5530,12 +5530,12 @@ msgstr "標準的 FreeBSD GPT 安裝會使用至少三種分割區：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4234 +#: book.translate.xml:4239 msgid "freebsd-boot - Holds the FreeBSD boot code." msgstr "freebsd-boot - 儲存 FreeBSD 開機程式 (Boot code)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4239 +#: book.translate.xml:4244 msgid "" "freebsd-ufs - A FreeBSD UFS file " "system." @@ -5543,12 +5543,12 @@ "freebsd-ufs - FreeBSD 的 UFS 檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4244 +#: book.translate.xml:4249 msgid "freebsd-swap - FreeBSD swap space." msgstr "freebsd-swap - FreeBSD 交換空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4249 +#: book.translate.xml:4254 msgid "" "Another partition type worth noting is freebsd-zfs, used " "for partitions that will contain a FreeBSD ZFS file " @@ -5563,7 +5563,7 @@ "citerefentry> 取得可用的 GPT 分割區類型說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4255 +#: book.translate.xml:4260 msgid "" "Multiple file system partitions can be created and some people prefer a " "traditional layout with separate partitions for /, " @@ -5577,7 +5577,7 @@ "\"bsdinstall-part-manual-splitfs\"/> 的範例。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4262 +#: book.translate.xml:4267 msgid "" "The Size may be entered with common abbreviations: " "K for kilobytes, M for megabytes, " @@ -5588,7 +5588,7 @@ "表 GB。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:4268 +#: book.translate.xml:4273 msgid "" "Proper sector alignment provides the best performance, and making partition " "sizes even multiples of 4K bytes helps to ensure alignment on drives with " @@ -5605,7 +5605,7 @@ "(Boot code) 的限制，不可大於 512K。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4279 +#: book.translate.xml:4284 msgid "" "A Mountpoint is needed if the partition will contain a " "file system. If only a single UFS partition will be " @@ -5616,7 +5616,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4284 +#: book.translate.xml:4289 msgid "" "The Label is a name by which the partition will be known. " "Drive names or numbers can change if the drive is connected to a different " @@ -5636,7 +5636,7 @@ "且標籤會在 /dev/ 中有各自的目錄。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:4297 +#: book.translate.xml:4302 msgid "" "Use a unique label on every partition to avoid conflicts from identical " "labels. A few letters from the computer's name, use, or location can be " @@ -5650,12 +5650,12 @@ "UFS 根目錄分割區。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:4307 +#: book.translate.xml:4312 msgid "Creating Traditional Split File System Partitions" msgstr "建立傳統分割的檔案系統分割區" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:4310 +#: book.translate.xml:4315 msgid "" "For a traditional partition layout where the /, " "/var, /tmp, and /usrgptboot expects the first " "UFS partition to be the / partition." @@ -5685,113 +5685,113 @@ "acronym> 分割區為 / 分割區。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4331 +#: book.translate.xml:4336 msgid "Partition Type" msgstr "分割區類型" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4332 +#: book.translate.xml:4337 msgid "Size" msgstr "大小" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4333 +#: book.translate.xml:4338 msgid "Mountpoint" msgstr "掛載點" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4334 +#: book.translate.xml:4339 msgid "Label" msgstr "標籤" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4340 +#: book.translate.xml:4345 msgid "freebsd-boot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4341 +#: book.translate.xml:4346 msgid "512K" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4345 book.translate.xml:4359 book.translate.xml:4366 -#: book.translate.xml:4373 +#: book.translate.xml:4350 book.translate.xml:4364 book.translate.xml:4371 +#: book.translate.xml:4378 msgid "freebsd-ufs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4346 book.translate.xml:4360 +#: book.translate.xml:4351 book.translate.xml:4365 msgid "2G" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4347 book.translate.xml:7134 +#: book.translate.xml:4352 book.translate.xml:7139 msgid "/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4348 +#: book.translate.xml:4353 msgid "exrootfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4352 +#: book.translate.xml:4357 msgid "freebsd-swap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4353 +#: book.translate.xml:4358 msgid "4G" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4355 +#: book.translate.xml:4360 msgid "exswap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4361 +#: book.translate.xml:4366 msgid "/var" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4362 +#: book.translate.xml:4367 msgid "exvarfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4367 +#: book.translate.xml:4372 msgid "1G" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4368 +#: book.translate.xml:4373 msgid "/tmp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4369 +#: book.translate.xml:4374 msgid "extmpfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4374 +#: book.translate.xml:4379 msgid "accept the default (remainder of the disk)" msgstr "接受預設值 (依磁碟提示)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4376 +#: book.translate.xml:4381 msgid "/usr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4377 +#: book.translate.xml:4382 msgid "exusrfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4384 +#: book.translate.xml:4389 msgid "" "After the custom partitions have been created, select [ Finish ] to continue with the installation." @@ -5799,12 +5799,12 @@ "自訂的分割區建立完後，選擇 [ Finish ] 繼續安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4390 +#: book.translate.xml:4395 msgid "Root-on-ZFS Automatic Partitioning" msgstr "Root-on-ZFS 自動磁碟分割" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4392 +#: book.translate.xml:4397 msgid "" "Support for automatic creation of root-on-ZFS installations was added in " "FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE. This partitioning mode only works with whole disks and " @@ -5833,7 +5833,7 @@ "存池使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4411 +#: book.translate.xml:4416 msgid "" "The main ZFS configuration menu offers a number of " "options to control the creation of the pool." @@ -5841,7 +5841,7 @@ "主要 ZFS 設定選單提供了數個設定選項來控制儲存池的建立。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4416 +#: book.translate.xml:4421 msgid "ZFS Partitioning Menu" msgstr "ZFS 磁碟分割選單" @@ -5850,13 +5850,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4420 +#: book.translate.xml:4425 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-menu' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4425 +#: book.translate.xml:4430 msgid "" "Select T to configure the Pool Type and " "the disk(s) that will constitute the pool. The automatic ZFSZFS Pool Type" msgstr "ZFS 儲存池類型" @@ -5890,13 +5890,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4446 +#: book.translate.xml:4451 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-vdev_type' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4451 +#: book.translate.xml:4456 msgid "" "Once a Pool Type has been selected, a list of available " "disks is displayed, and the user is prompted to select one or more disks to " @@ -5911,7 +5911,7 @@ "返回磁碟清單或取消 (<Cancel>) 來更改儲存池類型。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4461 +#: book.translate.xml:4466 msgid "Disk Selection" msgstr "磁碟選擇" @@ -5920,13 +5920,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4465 +#: book.translate.xml:4470 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-disk_select' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4471 +#: book.translate.xml:4476 msgid "Invalid Selection" msgstr "無效的選擇" @@ -5935,13 +5935,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4475 +#: book.translate.xml:4480 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-vdev_invalid' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4480 +#: book.translate.xml:4485 msgid "" "If one or more disks are missing from the list, or if disks were attached " "after the installer was started, select - Rescan DevicesZFS configuration menu also allows the user to " "enter a pool name, disable forcing 4k sectors, enable or disable encryption, " @@ -5986,7 +5986,7 @@ "單上方的安裝 (>>> Install) 選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4510 +#: book.translate.xml:4515 msgid "" "If GELI disk encryption was enabled, the installer will " "prompt twice for the passphrase to be used to encrypt the disks." @@ -5995,7 +5995,7 @@ "的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4515 +#: book.translate.xml:4520 msgid "Disk Encryption Password" msgstr "磁碟加密密碼" @@ -6004,13 +6004,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4519 +#: book.translate.xml:4524 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-geli_password' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4524 +#: book.translate.xml:4529 msgid "" "The installer then offers a last chance to cancel before the contents of the " "selected drives are destroyed to create the ZFS pool." @@ -6019,7 +6019,7 @@ "ZFS 儲存池的磁碟機。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4529 +#: book.translate.xml:4534 msgid "Last Chance" msgstr "最後修改" @@ -6028,23 +6028,23 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4533 +#: book.translate.xml:4538 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-warning' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4538 +#: book.translate.xml:4543 msgid "The installation then proceeds normally." msgstr "然後安裝程序會正常繼續。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4543 +#: book.translate.xml:4548 msgid "Shell Mode Partitioning" msgstr "Shell 模式磁碟分割" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4545 +#: book.translate.xml:4550 msgid "" "When creating advanced installations, the bsdinstall partitioning menus may not provide the level of flexibility " @@ -6063,12 +6063,12 @@ "bsdinstall 繼續安裝程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:4560 +#: book.translate.xml:4565 msgid "Committing to the Installation" msgstr "確認安裝" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4562 +#: book.translate.xml:4567 msgid "" "Once the disks are configured, the next menu provides the last chance to " "make changes before the selected hard drive(s) are formatted. If changes " @@ -6082,7 +6082,7 @@ "何變更。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4572 +#: book.translate.xml:4577 msgid "Final Confirmation" msgstr "最後確認" @@ -6091,7 +6091,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4576 +#: book.translate.xml:4581 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-final-confirmation' md5='__failed__'" @@ -6098,7 +6098,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4581 +#: book.translate.xml:4586 msgid "" "To instead start the actual installation, select [ Commit ] and press Enter." @@ -6107,7 +6107,7 @@ "Enter。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4585 +#: book.translate.xml:4590 msgid "" "Installation time will vary depending on the distributions chosen, " "installation media, and speed of the computer. A series of messages will " @@ -6117,7 +6117,7 @@ "訊息會告知目前的進度。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4589 +#: book.translate.xml:4594 msgid "" "First, the installer formats the selected disk(s) and initializes the " "partitions. Next, in the case of a bootonly media, it downloads the selected " @@ -6127,7 +6127,7 @@ "(Boot only) 的媒體則會開始下載選擇的元件：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4594 +#: book.translate.xml:4599 msgid "Fetching Distribution Files" msgstr "取得發行版檔案" @@ -6136,13 +6136,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4598 +#: book.translate.xml:4603 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-distfile-fetching' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4603 +#: book.translate.xml:4608 msgid "" "Next, the integrity of the distribution files is verified to ensure they " "have not been corrupted during download or misread from the installation " @@ -6152,7 +6152,7 @@ "取錯誤造成的損壞：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4608 +#: book.translate.xml:4613 msgid "Verifying Distribution Files" msgstr "檢驗發行版檔案" @@ -6161,7 +6161,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4612 +#: book.translate.xml:4617 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-distfile-verifying' md5='__failed__'" @@ -6168,12 +6168,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4617 +#: book.translate.xml:4622 msgid "Finally, the verified distribution files are extracted to the disk:" msgstr "最後，檢驗過的發行版檔案會被取出儲存至磁碟：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4621 +#: book.translate.xml:4626 msgid "Extracting Distribution Files" msgstr "解開發行版檔案" @@ -6182,7 +6182,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4625 +#: book.translate.xml:4630 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-distfile-extracting' md5='__failed__'" @@ -6189,7 +6189,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4630 +#: book.translate.xml:4635 msgid "" "Once all requested distribution files have been extracted, " "bsdinstall displays the first post-installation " @@ -6200,12 +6200,12 @@ "次安裝後設定畫面，可用的安裝後設定選項會在下一節說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:4638 +#: book.translate.xml:4643 msgid "Post-Installation" msgstr "安裝後注意事項" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4640 +#: book.translate.xml:4645 msgid "" "Once FreeBSD is installed, bsdinstall will prompt " "to configure several options before booting into the newly installed system. " @@ -6215,7 +6215,7 @@ "的系統之前提示設定數個選項，本節將介紹這些設定選項。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:4646 +#: book.translate.xml:4651 msgid "" "Once the system has booted, bsdconfig provides a menu-" "driven method for configuring the system using these and additional options." @@ -6225,12 +6225,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4653 book.translate.xml:4664 +#: book.translate.xml:4658 book.translate.xml:4669 msgid "Setting the root Password" msgstr "設定 root 密碼" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4657 +#: book.translate.xml:4662 msgid "" "First, the root password must be " "set. While entering the password, the characters being typed are not " @@ -6246,18 +6246,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4668 +#: book.translate.xml:4673 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-post-root-passwd' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4675 +#: book.translate.xml:4680 msgid "Configuring Network Interfaces" msgstr "設定網路介面卡" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4677 +#: book.translate.xml:4682 msgid "" "Next, a list of the network interfaces found on the computer is shown. " "Select the interface to configure." @@ -6264,7 +6264,7 @@ msgstr "接著，會顯示在電腦上找到的網路介面卡清單。請選擇要設定的介面卡。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:4681 +#: book.translate.xml:4686 msgid "" "The network configuration menus will be skipped if the network was " "previously configured as part of a bootonly " @@ -6274,7 +6274,7 @@ "網路設定選單。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4687 +#: book.translate.xml:4692 msgid "Choose a Network Interface" msgstr "選擇網路介面卡" @@ -6283,7 +6283,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4691 +#: book.translate.xml:4696 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface' " @@ -6291,7 +6291,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4696 +#: book.translate.xml:4701 msgid "" "If an Ethernet interface is selected, the installer will skip ahead to the " "menu shown in . If a " @@ -6303,7 +6303,7 @@ "描無線存取點 (Wireless Access Point)：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4702 +#: book.translate.xml:4707 msgid "Scanning for Wireless Access Points" msgstr "掃描無線網路存取點" @@ -6312,7 +6312,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4706 +#: book.translate.xml:4711 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-wireless-scan' md5='__failed__'" @@ -6319,7 +6319,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4711 +#: book.translate.xml:4716 msgid "" "Wireless networks are identified by a Service Set Identifier (SSID), a short, unique name given to each network. SSIDsWPA2 encryption is strongly recommended " @@ -6370,7 +6370,7 @@ "(PSK)。考量安全性，輸入到輸入框的字元會以星號顯示。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4742 +#: book.translate.xml:4747 msgid "WPA2 Setup" msgstr "WPA2 設定" @@ -6379,7 +6379,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4746 +#: book.translate.xml:4751 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-wireless-wpa2setup' " @@ -6387,7 +6387,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4751 +#: book.translate.xml:4756 msgid "" "Next, choose whether or not an IPv4 address should be " "configured on the Ethernet or wireless interface:" @@ -6396,7 +6396,7 @@ "址：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4756 +#: book.translate.xml:4761 msgid "Choose IPv4 Networking" msgstr "選擇 IPv4 網路" @@ -6405,7 +6405,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4760 +#: book.translate.xml:4765 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv4' " @@ -6413,7 +6413,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4765 +#: book.translate.xml:4770 msgid "" "There are two methods of IPv4 configuration. " "DHCP will automatically configure the network interface " @@ -6426,7 +6426,7 @@ "手動輸入位址的資訊來做靜態設定。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:4773 +#: book.translate.xml:4778 msgid "" "Do not enter random network information as it will not work. If a " "DHCP server is not available, obtain the information " @@ -6438,7 +6438,7 @@ "列於 的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4780 +#: book.translate.xml:4785 msgid "" "If a DHCP server is available, select [ Yes ] in the next menu to automatically configure the network " @@ -6451,7 +6451,7 @@ "acronym> 伺服器並且取得系統的位址資訊時，安裝程式會出現一分鐘左右的停頓。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4788 +#: book.translate.xml:4793 msgid "Choose IPv4 DHCP Configuration" msgstr "選擇 IPv4 DHCP 設定" @@ -6460,7 +6460,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4793 +#: book.translate.xml:4798 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv4-dhcp' " @@ -6468,7 +6468,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4798 +#: book.translate.xml:4803 msgid "" "If a DHCP server is not available, select " "[ No ] and input the following addressing information " @@ -6478,7 +6478,7 @@ "guibutton> 然後在這個選單中輸入以下位址資訊：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4803 +#: book.translate.xml:4808 msgid "IPv4 Static Configuration" msgstr "IPv4 靜態位置設定" @@ -6487,7 +6487,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4807 +#: book.translate.xml:4812 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv4-static' " @@ -6495,7 +6495,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4814 +#: book.translate.xml:4819 msgid "" "IP Address - The IPv4 address assigned " "to this computer. The address must be unique and not already in use by " @@ -6505,21 +6505,21 @@ "acronym> 位址。位址必須獨一無二且不可已被其他在區域網路上的設備使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4821 +#: book.translate.xml:4826 msgid "Subnet Mask - The subnet mask for the network." msgstr "子網路遮罩 (Subnet Mask) - 網路的子網路遮罩。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4826 +#: book.translate.xml:4831 msgid "" "Default Router - The IP address of the " "network's default gateway." msgstr "" "預設路由器 (Default Router) - IP 位址所" -"在網段的預設閘道器。" +"在網段的預設通訊閘。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4832 +#: book.translate.xml:4837 msgid "" "The next screen will ask if the interface should be configured for " "IPv6. If IPv6 is available and " @@ -6529,7 +6529,7 @@ "要使用 IPv6，請選擇 [ Yes ]。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4838 +#: book.translate.xml:4843 msgid "Choose IPv6 Networking" msgstr "選擇 IPv6 網路" @@ -6538,7 +6538,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4842 +#: book.translate.xml:4847 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv6' " @@ -6546,7 +6546,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4847 +#: book.translate.xml:4852 msgid "" "IPv6 also has two methods of configuration. StateLess " "Address AutoConfiguration (SLAAC) will automatically " @@ -6562,7 +6562,7 @@ "則需要手動輸入網路資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4855 +#: book.translate.xml:4860 msgid "" "If an IPv6 router is available, select " "[ Yes ] in the next menu to automatically configure " @@ -6574,7 +6574,7 @@ "的位址資訊時，安裝程式會出現一分鐘左右的停頓。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4862 +#: book.translate.xml:4867 msgid "Choose IPv6 SLAAC Configuration" msgstr "選擇 IPv6 SLAAC 設定" @@ -6583,7 +6583,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4866 +#: book.translate.xml:4871 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-slaac' " @@ -6591,7 +6591,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4871 +#: book.translate.xml:4876 msgid "" "If an IPv6 router is not available, select " "[ No ] and input the following addressing information " @@ -6601,7 +6601,7 @@ "guibutton> 然後在這個選單中輸入以下位址資訊：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4876 +#: book.translate.xml:4881 msgid "IPv6 Static Configuration" msgstr "IPv6 靜態位置設定" @@ -6610,7 +6610,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4880 +#: book.translate.xml:4885 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv6-static' " @@ -6618,7 +6618,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4887 +#: book.translate.xml:4892 msgid "" "IPv6 Address - The IPv6 address " "assigned to this computer. The address must be unique and not already in use " @@ -6629,16 +6629,16 @@ "備使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4894 +#: book.translate.xml:4899 msgid "" "Default Router - The IPv6 address of " "the network's default gateway." msgstr "" "預設路由器 (Default Router) - IPv6 位址" -"所在網段的預設閘道器。" +"所在網段的預設通訊閘。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4900 +#: book.translate.xml:4905 msgid "" "The last network configuration menu is used to configure the Domain Name " "System (DNS) resolver, which converts hostnames to and " @@ -6661,7 +6661,7 @@ "DNS 伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4914 +#: book.translate.xml:4919 msgid "DNS Configuration" msgstr "DNS 設定" @@ -6670,7 +6670,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4918 +#: book.translate.xml:4923 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-ipv4-dns' " @@ -6678,12 +6678,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4925 +#: book.translate.xml:4930 msgid "Setting the Time Zone" msgstr "設定時區" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4927 +#: book.translate.xml:4932 msgid "" "The next menu asks if the system clock uses UTC or local " "time. When in doubt, select [ No ] to choose the more " @@ -6693,7 +6693,7 @@ "問時可選擇 [ No ]使用更常用的當地時間。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4933 +#: book.translate.xml:4938 msgid "Select Local or UTC Clock" msgstr "選擇本地或 UTC 時鐘" @@ -6702,7 +6702,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4937 +#: book.translate.xml:4942 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-set-clock-local-utc' md5='__failed__'" @@ -6709,7 +6709,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4942 +#: book.translate.xml:4947 msgid "" "The next series of menus are used to determine the correct local time by " "selecting the geographic region, country, and time zone. Setting the time " @@ -6722,7 +6722,7 @@ "能。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4949 +#: book.translate.xml:4954 msgid "" "The example shown here is for a machine located in the Eastern time zone of " "the United States. The selections will vary according to the geographical " @@ -6730,7 +6730,7 @@ msgstr "此處以位於美國東部時區的機器為例，選擇會依據地理位置不同改變。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4954 +#: book.translate.xml:4959 msgid "Select a Region" msgstr "選擇區域" @@ -6739,13 +6739,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4958 +#: book.translate.xml:4963 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-region' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4963 +#: book.translate.xml:4968 msgid "" "The appropriate region is selected using the arrow keys and then pressing " "Enter." @@ -6752,7 +6752,7 @@ msgstr "使用方向鍵選擇適當的區域然後按下 Enter。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4967 +#: book.translate.xml:4972 msgid "Select a Country" msgstr "選擇城市" @@ -6761,13 +6761,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4971 +#: book.translate.xml:4976 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-country' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4976 +#: book.translate.xml:4981 msgid "" "Select the appropriate country using the arrow keys and press Enter." @@ -6774,7 +6774,7 @@ msgstr "使用方向鍵選擇適當的城市然後按下 Enter。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4980 +#: book.translate.xml:4985 msgid "Select a Time Zone" msgstr "選擇時區" @@ -6783,13 +6783,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4984 +#: book.translate.xml:4989 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-zone' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4989 +#: book.translate.xml:4994 msgid "" "The appropriate time zone is selected using the arrow keys and pressing " "Enter." @@ -6796,7 +6796,7 @@ msgstr "使用方向鍵選擇適當的時區然後按下 Enter。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4993 +#: book.translate.xml:4998 msgid "Confirm Time Zone" msgstr "確認時區" @@ -6805,13 +6805,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4997 +#: book.translate.xml:5002 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-confirm' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5002 +#: book.translate.xml:5007 msgid "" "Confirm the abbreviation for the time zone is correct. If it is, press " "Enter to continue with the post-installation configuration." @@ -6819,12 +6819,12 @@ "確認時區的縮寫是否正確，若正確，按下 Enter 繼續安裝後設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5008 +#: book.translate.xml:5013 msgid "Enabling Services" msgstr "開啟服務" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5010 +#: book.translate.xml:5015 msgid "" "The next menu is used to configure which system services will be started " "whenever the system boots. All of these services are optional. Only start " @@ -6834,7 +6834,7 @@ "開啟系統運作真正需要的服務。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5016 +#: book.translate.xml:5021 msgid "Selecting Additional Services to Enable" msgstr "選擇要開啟的其他服務" @@ -6843,18 +6843,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5020 +#: book.translate.xml:5025 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-services' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5025 +#: book.translate.xml:5030 msgid "Here is a summary of the services which can be enabled in this menu:" msgstr "這是可以在這個選單開啟的服務摘要：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5030 +#: book.translate.xml:5035 msgid "" "sshd - The Secure Shell (SSH) daemon " "is used to remotely access a system over an encrypted connection. Only " @@ -6864,7 +6864,7 @@ "端透過加密的連線存取系統，只有在系統允許遠端登入時開啟這個服務。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5038 +#: book.translate.xml:5043 msgid "" "moused - Enable this service if the mouse will be used " "from the command-line system console." @@ -6873,7 +6873,7 @@ "務。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5044 +#: book.translate.xml:5049 msgid "" "ntpd - The Network Time Protocol (NTP) " "daemon for automatic clock synchronization. Enable this service if there is " @@ -6886,7 +6886,7 @@ "acronym> 伺服器時，可開啟此服務。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5052 +#: book.translate.xml:5057 msgid "" "powerd - System power control utility for power control " "and energy saving." @@ -6894,12 +6894,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5059 book.translate.xml:5067 +#: book.translate.xml:5064 book.translate.xml:5072 msgid "Enabling Crash Dumps" msgstr "開啟當機資訊 (Crash Dump)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5061 +#: book.translate.xml:5066 msgid "" "The next menu is used to configure whether or not crash dumps should be " "enabled. Enabling crash dumps can be useful in debugging issues with the " @@ -6913,18 +6913,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5071 +#: book.translate.xml:5076 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-crashdump' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5078 +#: book.translate.xml:5083 msgid "Add Users" msgstr "新增使用者" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5080 +#: book.translate.xml:5085 msgid "" "The next menu prompts to create at least one user account. It is recommended " "to login to the system using a user account rather than as [ Yes ] to add new users." msgstr "選擇 [ Yes ] 來新增新使用者。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5091 +#: book.translate.xml:5096 msgid "Add User Accounts" msgstr "新增使用者帳號" @@ -6953,13 +6953,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5095 +#: book.translate.xml:5100 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-adduser1' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5100 +#: book.translate.xml:5105 msgid "" "Follow the prompts and input the requested information for the user account. " "The example shown in creates the " @@ -6970,7 +6970,7 @@ "號。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5104 +#: book.translate.xml:5109 msgid "Enter User Information" msgstr "輸入使用者資訊" @@ -6979,18 +6979,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5108 +#: book.translate.xml:5113 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-adduser2' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5113 +#: book.translate.xml:5118 msgid "Here is a summary of the information to input:" msgstr "這裡是要輸入的資訊摘要：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5117 +#: book.translate.xml:5122 msgid "" "Username - The name the user will enter to log in. A " "common convention is to use the first letter of the first name combined with " @@ -7002,7 +7002,7 @@ "區分大小寫且不應含有任何空白字元。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5126 +#: book.translate.xml:5131 msgid "" "Full name - The user's full name. This can contain spaces " "and is used as a description for the user account." @@ -7011,7 +7011,7 @@ "用來描述該使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5132 +#: book.translate.xml:5137 msgid "" "Uid - User ID. Typically, this is left " "blank so the system will assign a value." @@ -7020,7 +7020,7 @@ "統會自動分配一個值。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5138 +#: book.translate.xml:5143 msgid "" "Login group - The user's group. Typically this is left " "blank to accept the default." @@ -7029,7 +7029,7 @@ "來使用預設值。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5143 +#: book.translate.xml:5148 msgid "" "Invite user into other groups? " "- Additional groups to which the user will be added as a member. If the user " @@ -7040,12 +7040,12 @@ "需要管理權限，則在此輸入 wheel。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5151 +#: book.translate.xml:5156 msgid "Login class - Typically left blank for the default." msgstr "登入類別 (Login class) - 通常會留空來使用預設值。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5156 +#: book.translate.xml:5161 msgid "" "Shell - Type in one of the listed values to set the " "interactive shell for the user. Refer to for more " @@ -7055,7 +7055,7 @@ "參考 取得更多有關 Shell 的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5163 +#: book.translate.xml:5168 msgid "" "Home directory - The user's home directory. The default " "is usually correct." @@ -7064,7 +7064,7 @@ "問題的。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5168 +#: book.translate.xml:5173 msgid "" "Home directory permissions - Permissions on the user's " "home directory. The default is usually correct." @@ -7073,7 +7073,7 @@ "限，預設值通常是沒有問題的。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5174 +#: book.translate.xml:5179 msgid "" "Use password-based authentication? - Typically " "yes so that the user is prompted to input their password " @@ -7083,7 +7083,7 @@ "literal>) - 通常為是 (yes)，使用者才可於登入時輸入密碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5180 +#: book.translate.xml:5185 msgid "" "Use an empty password? - Typically no " "as it is insecure to have a blank password." @@ -7092,7 +7092,7 @@ "(no)，因為使用空白密碼並不安全。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5186 +#: book.translate.xml:5191 msgid "" "Use a random password? - Typically no " "so that the user can set their own password in the next prompt." @@ -7101,7 +7101,7 @@ "(no)，這樣使用者接下來才可設定自己的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5192 +#: book.translate.xml:5197 msgid "" "Enter password - The password for this user. Characters " "typed will not show on the screen." @@ -7110,7 +7110,7 @@ "會顯示在畫面上。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5198 +#: book.translate.xml:5203 msgid "" "Enter password again - The password must be typed again " "for verification." @@ -7119,7 +7119,7 @@ "認無誤。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5203 +#: book.translate.xml:5208 msgid "" "Lock out the account after creation? - Typically " "no so that the user can login." @@ -7128,7 +7128,7 @@ "literal>) - 通常為否 (no)，這樣使用者才可以登入。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5209 +#: book.translate.xml:5214 msgid "" "After entering everything, a summary is shown for review. If a mistake was " "made, enter no and try again. If everything is correct, " @@ -7139,7 +7139,7 @@ "literal>) 以後便會建立新使用者。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5215 +#: book.translate.xml:5220 msgid "Exit User and Group Management" msgstr "離開使用者與群組管理" @@ -7148,13 +7148,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5219 +#: book.translate.xml:5224 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-adduser3' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5224 +#: book.translate.xml:5229 msgid "" "If there are more users to add, answer the Add another user? question with yes. Enter no " @@ -7165,7 +7165,7 @@ "literal>) 來完成加入使用者然後繼續安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5229 +#: book.translate.xml:5234 msgid "" "For more information on adding users and user management, see ." @@ -7175,12 +7175,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5234 book.translate.xml:5240 +#: book.translate.xml:5239 book.translate.xml:5245 msgid "Final Configuration" msgstr "最後設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5236 +#: book.translate.xml:5241 msgid "" "After everything has been installed and configured, a final chance is " "provided to modify settings." @@ -7191,7 +7191,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5244 +#: book.translate.xml:5249 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-finalconfiguration' md5='__failed__'" @@ -7198,7 +7198,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5249 +#: book.translate.xml:5254 msgid "" "Use this menu to make any changes or do any additional configuration before " "completing the installation." @@ -7205,7 +7205,7 @@ msgstr "使用這個選單在完成安裝前做任何更改或做任何額外的設定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5254 +#: book.translate.xml:5259 msgid "" "Add User - Described in ." @@ -7214,7 +7214,7 @@ "addusers\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5258 +#: book.translate.xml:5263 msgid "" "Root Password - Described in ." @@ -7223,7 +7223,7 @@ "\"bsdinstall-post-root\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5262 +#: book.translate.xml:5267 msgid "" "Hostname - Described in ." @@ -7232,7 +7232,7 @@ "hostname\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5266 +#: book.translate.xml:5271 msgid "" "Network - Described in ." @@ -7241,7 +7241,7 @@ "network-dev\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5270 +#: book.translate.xml:5275 msgid "" "Services - Described in ." @@ -7250,7 +7250,7 @@ "sysconf\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5274 +#: book.translate.xml:5279 msgid "" "Time Zone - Described in ." @@ -7259,13 +7259,13 @@ "timezone\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5278 +#: book.translate.xml:5283 msgid "" "Handbook - Download and install the FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "使用手冊 (Handbook) - 下載並安裝 FreeBSD 使用手冊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5283 +#: book.translate.xml:5288 msgid "" "After any final configuration is complete, select Exit." @@ -7273,7 +7273,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: figure/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5287 book.translate.xml:11407 +#: book.translate.xml:5292 book.translate.xml:11491 msgid "Manual Configuration" msgstr "手動設定" @@ -7282,7 +7282,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5291 +#: book.translate.xml:5296 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-final-modification-shell' " @@ -7290,7 +7290,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5296 +#: book.translate.xml:5301 msgid "" "bsdinstall will prompt if there are any " "additional configuration that needs to be done before rebooting into the new " @@ -7303,7 +7303,7 @@ "的 Shell 或 [ No ] 繼續最後的安裝步驟。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5305 +#: book.translate.xml:5310 msgid "Complete the Installation" msgstr "完成安裝" @@ -7312,13 +7312,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5309 +#: book.translate.xml:5314 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-mainexit' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5314 +#: book.translate.xml:5319 msgid "" "If further configuration or special setup is needed, select " "[ Live CD ] to boot the install media into Live " @@ -7328,7 +7328,7 @@ "進入安裝媒體的 Live CD 模式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5319 +#: book.translate.xml:5324 msgid "" "If the installation is complete, select [ Reboot ] to " "reboot the computer and start the new FreeBSD system. Do not forget to " @@ -7339,7 +7339,7 @@ "式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5325 +#: book.translate.xml:5330 msgid "" "As FreeBSD boots, informational messages are displayed. After the system " "finishes booting, a login prompt is displayed. At the login: 來取得當需要管理權限時如何成為超級使用者的說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5334 +#: book.translate.xml:5339 msgid "" "The messages that appeared during boot can be reviewed by pressing " "Scroll-Lock to turn on the scroll-back buffer. The " @@ -7373,7 +7373,7 @@ "列。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5346 +#: book.translate.xml:5351 msgid "" "If sshd was enabled in , the first boot may be a bit slower as the system will " @@ -7387,7 +7387,7 @@ "(Fingerprint)，如這個範例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5352 +#: book.translate.xml:5357 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Generating public/private rsa1 key pair.\n" @@ -7428,7 +7428,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5388 +#: book.translate.xml:5393 msgid "" "Refer to for more information about fingerprints " "and SSH." @@ -7437,7 +7437,7 @@ "acronym> 的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5391 +#: book.translate.xml:5396 msgid "" "FreeBSD does not install a graphical environment by default. Refer to for more information about installing and configuring a " @@ -7447,7 +7447,7 @@ "與設定圖型化視窗管理程式的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5395 +#: book.translate.xml:5400 msgid "" "Proper shutdown of a FreeBSD computer helps protect data and hardware from " "damage. Do not turn off the power before the system has been " @@ -7468,20 +7468,20 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:5408 book.translate.xml:12348 book.translate.xml:15104 -#: book.translate.xml:20264 book.translate.xml:35420 book.translate.xml:36190 -#: book.translate.xml:47830 book.translate.xml:51076 book.translate.xml:62172 -#: book.translate.xml:63827 book.translate.xml:64550 +#: book.translate.xml:5413 book.translate.xml:12443 book.translate.xml:15206 +#: book.translate.xml:20381 book.translate.xml:35537 book.translate.xml:36307 +#: book.translate.xml:47947 book.translate.xml:51193 book.translate.xml:62289 +#: book.translate.xml:63944 book.translate.xml:64667 msgid "Troubleshooting" msgstr "疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5410 +#: book.translate.xml:5415 msgid "installation troubleshooting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5414 +#: book.translate.xml:5419 msgid "" "This section covers basic installation troubleshooting, such as common " "problems people have reported." @@ -7488,7 +7488,7 @@ msgstr "本節涵蓋基礎的安裝疑難排解，例如一些已有人回報的常見問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5418 +#: book.translate.xml:5423 msgid "" "Check the Hardware Notes (http://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html) document for " @@ -7512,7 +7512,7 @@ "訴 FreeBSD 到那找到這些裝置。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:5432 +#: book.translate.xml:5437 msgid "" "Some installation problems can be avoided or alleviated by updating the " "firmware on various hardware components, most notably the motherboard. " @@ -7525,7 +7525,7 @@ "得升級程式與升級資訊。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:5439 +#: book.translate.xml:5444 msgid "" "Manufacturers generally advise against upgrading the motherboard " "BIOS unless there is a good reason for doing so, like a " @@ -7535,7 +7535,7 @@ "製造商通常會建議若沒有特殊原因盡量避免升級主機板 BIOS" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5447 +#: book.translate.xml:5452 msgid "" "If the system hangs while probing hardware during boot, or it behaves " "strangely during install, ACPI may be the culprit. " @@ -7555,13 +7555,13 @@ "disabled Hint 來關閉 ACPI：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5459 +#: book.translate.xml:5464 #, no-wrap msgid "set hint.acpi.0.disabled=\"1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5461 +#: book.translate.xml:5466 msgid "" "This is reset each time the system is booted, so it is necessary to add " "hint.acpi.0.disabled=\"1\" to the file /boot/" @@ -7573,12 +7573,12 @@ "機載入程式的資訊可於 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:5468 +#: book.translate.xml:5473 msgid "Using the Live CD" msgstr "使用 Live CD" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5470 +#: book.translate.xml:5475 msgid "" "The welcome menu of bsdinstall, shown in , provides a [ Live CD ][ Live CD ]:" @@ -7599,7 +7599,7 @@ msgstr "在使用 [ Live CD ] 之前必須注意以下幾點事項：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5482 +#: book.translate.xml:5487 msgid "" "To gain access to the system, authentication is required. The username is " "root and the password is blank." @@ -7608,7 +7608,7 @@ "\">root 而密碼則是空白。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5488 +#: book.translate.xml:5493 msgid "" "As the system runs directly from the installation media, performance will be " "significantly slower than that of a system installed on a hard disk." @@ -7615,18 +7615,18 @@ msgstr "系統是直接從安裝媒體上執行，比起安裝到硬碟的系統，效能可能較差。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5494 +#: book.translate.xml:5499 msgid "" "This option only provides a command prompt and not a graphical interface." msgstr "這個選項只提供指令提示，不會有圖型化介面。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:5519 +#: book.translate.xml:5524 msgid "FreeBSD Basics" msgstr "FreeBSD 基礎" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5524 +#: book.translate.xml:5529 msgid "" "This chapter covers the basic commands and functionality of the FreeBSD " "operating system. Much of this material is relevant for any UNIX file permissions and " "FreeBSD file flags work." @@ -7658,68 +7658,68 @@ "記的運作方式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5547 +#: book.translate.xml:5552 msgid "The default FreeBSD file system layout." msgstr "預設的 FreeBSD 檔案系統配置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5551 +#: book.translate.xml:5556 msgid "The FreeBSD disk organization." msgstr "FreeBSD 的磁碟組織。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5555 +#: book.translate.xml:5560 msgid "How to mount and unmount file systems." msgstr "如何掛載 (Mount)、卸載 (Umount) 檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5559 +#: book.translate.xml:5564 msgid "What processes, daemons, and signals are." msgstr "什麼是程序、Daemon 以及信號 (Signal)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5563 +#: book.translate.xml:5568 msgid "What a shell is, and how to change the default login environment." msgstr "什麼是 Shell，以及如何變更您預設的登入環境。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5568 +#: book.translate.xml:5573 msgid "How to use basic text editors." msgstr "如何使用基本的文字編輯器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5572 +#: book.translate.xml:5577 msgid "What devices and device nodes are." msgstr "什麼是裝置 (Device) 和裝置節點 (Device node)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5576 +#: book.translate.xml:5581 msgid "How to read manual pages for more information." msgstr "如何閱讀操作手冊以獲得更多的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:5582 +#: book.translate.xml:5587 msgid "Virtual Consoles and Terminals" msgstr "虛擬 Console 與終端機" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5584 +#: book.translate.xml:5589 msgid "virtual consoles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5587 book.translate.xml:47112 +#: book.translate.xml:5592 book.translate.xml:47229 msgid "terminals" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5590 book.translate.xml:23246 +#: book.translate.xml:5595 book.translate.xml:23363 msgid "console" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5594 +#: book.translate.xml:5599 msgid "" "Unless FreeBSD has been configured to automatically start a graphical " "environment during startup, the system will boot into a command line login " @@ -7729,7 +7729,7 @@ "是這樣的東西：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5599 +#: book.translate.xml:5604 #, no-wrap msgid "" "FreeBSD/amd64 (pc3.example.org) (ttyv0)\n" @@ -7738,7 +7738,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5603 +#: book.translate.xml:5608 msgid "" "The first line contains some information about the system. The " "amd64 indicates that the system in this example is " @@ -7752,7 +7752,7 @@ "quote>。第二行則是登人的提示訊息。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5611 +#: book.translate.xml:5616 msgid "" "Since FreeBSD is a multiuser system, it needs some way to distinguish " "between different users. This is accomplished by requiring every user to log " @@ -7766,7 +7766,7 @@ "(password)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5618 +#: book.translate.xml:5623 msgid "" "To log into the system console, type the username that was configured during " "system installation, as described in 在畫面上。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5626 +#: book.translate.xml:5631 msgid "" "Once the correct password is input, the message of the day (MOTD) will be displayed followed by a command prompt. Depending upon the " @@ -7796,12 +7796,12 @@ "Console 且已經準備好可以下指令。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5636 +#: book.translate.xml:5641 msgid "Virtual Consoles" msgstr "虛擬 Console" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5638 +#: book.translate.xml:5643 msgid "" "While the system console can be used to interact with the system, a user " "working from the command line at the keyboard of a FreeBSD system will " @@ -7815,7 +7815,7 @@ "這些訊些會在使用者作業的過程中不斷出現，讓使用者難以專心作業。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5647 +#: book.translate.xml:5652 msgid "" "By default, FreeBSD is configured to provide several virtual consoles for " "inputting commands. Each virtual console has its own login prompt and shell " @@ -7828,7 +7828,7 @@ "於圖型化環境中可以同時開啟多個視窗的功能。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5654 +#: book.translate.xml:5659 msgid "" "The key combinations AltF1 through AltF8ttyv2)，以此類推。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5670 +#: book.translate.xml:5675 msgid "" "When switching from one console to the next, FreeBSD manages the screen " "output. The result is an illusion of having multiple virtual screens and " @@ -7863,7 +7863,7 @@ "Console 上執行的程式並不會因為使用者切到別的 Console 而停止執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5677 +#: book.translate.xml:5682 msgid "" "Refer to kbdcontrol1, " @@ -7885,7 +7885,7 @@ "citerefentry> 來取得更多有關 FreeBSD Console 及鍵盤驅動程式的技術說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5682 +#: book.translate.xml:5687 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, the number of available virtual consoles is configured in this " "section of /etc/ttys:" @@ -7894,7 +7894,7 @@ "列章節：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5686 +#: book.translate.xml:5691 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# name getty type status comments\n" @@ -7912,7 +7912,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5700 +#: book.translate.xml:5705 msgid "" "To disable a virtual console, put a comment symbol (#) at " "the beginning of the line representing that virtual console. For example, to " @@ -7934,7 +7934,7 @@ "個虛擬 Console (ttyv8)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5714 +#: book.translate.xml:5719 msgid "" "For a detailed description of every column in this file and the available " "options for the virtual consoles, refer to " @@ -7945,12 +7945,12 @@ "refentrytitle>5 說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5720 +#: book.translate.xml:5725 msgid "Single User Mode" msgstr "單使用者模式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5722 +#: book.translate.xml:5727 msgid "" "The FreeBSD boot menu provides an option labelled as Boot Single " "User. If this option is selected, the system will boot into a " @@ -7975,7 +7975,7 @@ "鍵盤的人員。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5738 +#: book.translate.xml:5743 msgid "" "The settings which control single user mode are found in this section of " "/etc/ttys:" @@ -7984,7 +7984,7 @@ "到：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5741 +#: book.translate.xml:5746 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# name getty type status comments\n" @@ -7995,7 +7995,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5747 +#: book.translate.xml:5752 msgid "" "By default, the status is set to secure. This assumes " "that who has physical access to the keyboard is either not important or it " @@ -8014,7 +8014,7 @@ "碼。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:5759 +#: book.translate.xml:5764 msgid "" "Be careful when changing this setting to insecure! If the root " @@ -8027,12 +8027,12 @@ "有其他辦法可以登入單使用者模式，只是對不熟 FreeBSD 開機程序的人可就麻煩了。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5769 +#: book.translate.xml:5774 msgid "Changing Console Video Modes" msgstr "更改 Console 影像模式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5771 +#: book.translate.xml:5776 msgid "" "The FreeBSD console default video mode may be adjusted to 1024x768, " "1280x1024, or any other size supported by the graphics chip and monitor. To " @@ -8043,13 +8043,13 @@ "組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5776 +#: book.translate.xml:5781 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload vesa" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5778 +#: book.translate.xml:5783 msgid "" "To determine which video modes are supported by the hardware, use " "vidcontrol1# vidcontrol -i mode" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5784 +#: book.translate.xml:5789 msgid "" "The output of this command lists the video modes that are supported by the " "hardware. To select a new video mode, specify the mode using " @@ -8081,13 +8081,13 @@ "manvolnum> 指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5789 +#: book.translate.xml:5794 #, no-wrap msgid "# vidcontrol MODE_279" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5791 +#: book.translate.xml:5796 msgid "" "If the new video mode is acceptable, it can be permanently set on boot by " "adding it to /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -8096,18 +8096,18 @@ "次重開機後會自動生效：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5795 +#: book.translate.xml:5800 #, no-wrap msgid "allscreens_flags=\"MODE_279\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:5812 +#: book.translate.xml:5817 msgid "Users and Basic Account Management" msgstr "使用者與基礎帳號管理" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5814 +#: book.translate.xml:5819 msgid "" "FreeBSD allows multiple users to use the computer at the same time. While " "only one user can sit in front of the screen and use the keyboard at any one " @@ -8119,22 +8119,22 @@ "用者應有自己的帳號。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5820 +#: book.translate.xml:5825 msgid "This chapter describes:" msgstr "本章介紹︰" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5824 +#: book.translate.xml:5829 msgid "The different types of user accounts on a FreeBSD system." msgstr "FreeBSD 系統中各種類型的使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5829 +#: book.translate.xml:5834 msgid "How to add, remove, and modify user accounts." msgstr "如何加入、移除與修改使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5833 +#: book.translate.xml:5838 msgid "" "How to set limits to control the resources that users and groups are allowed " "to access." @@ -8141,17 +8141,17 @@ msgstr "如何設定用來控制使用者與群組允許存取的資源的限制。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5839 +#: book.translate.xml:5844 msgid "How to create groups and add users as members of a group." msgstr "如何建立群組與加入使用者作為群組成員。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5845 +#: book.translate.xml:5850 msgid "Account Types" msgstr "帳號類型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5847 +#: book.translate.xml:5852 msgid "" "Since all access to the FreeBSD system is achieved using accounts and all " "processes are run by users, user and account management is important." @@ -8160,7 +8160,7 @@ "者來執行，因此使用者帳號管理非常重要。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5851 +#: book.translate.xml:5856 msgid "" "There are three main types of accounts: system accounts, user accounts, and " "the superuser account." @@ -8167,17 +8167,17 @@ msgstr "有三種主要類型的帳號：系統帳號、使用者帳號以及超級使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:5855 +#: book.translate.xml:5860 msgid "System Accounts" msgstr "系統帳號" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5857 +#: book.translate.xml:5862 msgid "accounts system" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5862 +#: book.translate.xml:5867 msgid "" "System accounts are used to run services such as DNS, mail, and web servers. " "The reason for this is security; if all services ran as the superuser, they " @@ -8187,7 +8187,7 @@ "若所有的服務均以超級使用者來執行，那麼這些服務的運作將不會受到限制。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5867 +#: book.translate.xml:5872 msgid "" "accounts daemon" @@ -8194,7 +8194,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5871 +#: book.translate.xml:5876 msgid "" "accounts operator" @@ -8201,7 +8201,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5876 +#: book.translate.xml:5881 msgid "" "Examples of system accounts are daemon, operator, " @@ -8215,7 +8215,7 @@ "systemitem>, and www。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5883 +#: book.translate.xml:5888 msgid "" "accounts nobody" @@ -8222,7 +8222,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5888 +#: book.translate.xml:5893 msgid "" "nobody is the generic " "unprivileged system account. However, the more services that use accounts user" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5904 +#: book.translate.xml:5909 msgid "" "User accounts are assigned to real people and are used to log in and use the " "system. Every person accessing the system should have a unique user account. " @@ -8258,7 +8258,7 @@ "的設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5910 +#: book.translate.xml:5915 msgid "" "Each user can set up their own environment to accommodate their use of the " "system, by configuring their default shell, editor, key bindings, and " @@ -8268,7 +8268,7 @@ "編輯器、組合鍵 (Key Binding) 及語言設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5915 +#: book.translate.xml:5920 msgid "" "Every user account on a FreeBSD system has certain information associated " "with it:" @@ -8275,12 +8275,12 @@ msgstr "每個在 FreeBSD 系統的使用者帳號都會有一些相關的資訊：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5920 +#: book.translate.xml:5925 msgid "User name" msgstr "使用者名稱 (User name)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5923 +#: book.translate.xml:5928 msgid "" "The user name is typed at the login: prompt. Each user must " "have a unique user name. There are a number of rules for creating valid user " @@ -8296,22 +8296,22 @@ "元以向下相容應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5935 +#: book.translate.xml:5940 msgid "Password" msgstr "密碼 (Password)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5938 +#: book.translate.xml:5943 msgid "Each account has an associated password." msgstr "每個帳號都會有密碼。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5943 +#: book.translate.xml:5948 msgid "User ID (UID)" msgstr "使用者 ID (UID)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5946 +#: book.translate.xml:5951 msgid "" "The User ID (UID) is a number used to uniquely identify " "the user to the FreeBSD system. Commands that allow a user name to be " @@ -8325,12 +8325,12 @@ "體的相容性問題。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5957 +#: book.translate.xml:5962 msgid "Group ID (GID)" msgstr "群組 ID (GID)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5960 +#: book.translate.xml:5965 msgid "" "The Group ID (GID) is a number used to uniquely identify " "the primary group that the user belongs to. Groups are a mechanism for " @@ -8347,12 +8347,12 @@ "的 GID 可能會讓部份軟體無法運作。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5974 +#: book.translate.xml:5979 msgid "Login class" msgstr "登入類別 (Login class)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5977 +#: book.translate.xml:5982 msgid "" "Login classes are an extension to the group mechanism that provide " "additional flexibility when tailoring the system to different users. Login " @@ -8362,12 +8362,12 @@ "的彈性。在 有對登入類別更進一步的討論。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5986 +#: book.translate.xml:5991 msgid "Password change time" msgstr "密碼更改時間 (Password change time)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5989 +#: book.translate.xml:5994 msgid "" "By default, passwords do not expire. However, password expiration can be " "enabled on a per-user basis, forcing some or all users to change their " @@ -8377,12 +8377,12 @@ "或所有使用者在某段期間過後更改他們的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5998 +#: book.translate.xml:6003 msgid "Account expiration time" msgstr "帳號到期時間 (Account expiration time)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:6001 +#: book.translate.xml:6006 msgid "" "By default, FreeBSD does not expire accounts. When creating accounts that " "need a limited lifespan, such as student accounts in a school, specify the " @@ -8397,12 +8397,12 @@ "期日期過後，便無法使用該帳號登入到系統，儘管該帳號的目錄及檔案仍存在。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:6012 +#: book.translate.xml:6017 msgid "User's full name" msgstr "使用者的全名 (User's full name)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:6015 +#: book.translate.xml:6020 msgid "" "The user name uniquely identifies the account to FreeBSD, but does not " "necessarily reflect the user's real name. Similar to a comment, this " @@ -8413,12 +8413,12 @@ "名。類似註解，這個資訊可以含有空白、大寫字元並可超過 8 個字母的長度。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:6024 +#: book.translate.xml:6029 msgid "Home directory" msgstr "家目錄 (Home directory)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:6027 +#: book.translate.xml:6032 msgid "" "The home directory is the full path to a directory on the system. This is " "the user's starting directory when the user logs in. A common convention is " @@ -8433,12 +8433,12 @@ "filename>。每位使用者可以儲存他們的個人檔案及子目錄於他們自己的家目錄。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:6038 +#: book.translate.xml:6043 msgid "User shell" msgstr "使用者 Shell (User shell)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:6041 +#: book.translate.xml:6046 msgid "" "The shell provides the user's default environment for interacting with the " "system. There are many different kinds of shells and experienced users will " @@ -8448,17 +8448,17 @@ "用者會有自己偏好的選擇，可儲存在自己的帳號設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6052 +#: book.translate.xml:6057 msgid "The Superuser Account" msgstr "超級使用者帳號" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6054 +#: book.translate.xml:6059 msgid "accounts superuser (root)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6059 +#: book.translate.xml:6064 msgid "" "The superuser account, usually called root, is used to manage the system with no limitations on privileges. " @@ -8470,7 +8470,7 @@ "如：寄信與收信、系統的一般探索或程式設計。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6066 +#: book.translate.xml:6071 msgid "" "The superuser, unlike other user accounts, can operate without limits, and " "misuse of the superuser account may result in spectacular disasters. User " @@ -8483,7 +8483,7 @@ "登入一般使用者帳號，只有在指令需要額外權限時切換為超級使用者。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6074 +#: book.translate.xml:6079 msgid "" "Always double and triple-check any commands issued as the superuser, since " "an extra space or missing character can mean irreparable data loss." @@ -8492,7 +8492,7 @@ "著無法挽回的資料遺失。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6078 +#: book.translate.xml:6083 msgid "" "There are several ways to gain superuser privilege. While one can log in as " "root, this is highly discouraged." @@ -8501,7 +8501,7 @@ "\"username\">root，但強烈不建議這樣做。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6083 +#: book.translate.xml:6088 msgid "" "Instead, use su1 to become the superuser. If - " @@ -8519,7 +8519,7 @@ "的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6093 +#: book.translate.xml:6098 msgid "" "In this example, the user only becomes superuser in order to run " "make install as this step requires superuser privilege. " @@ -8531,12 +8531,12 @@ "exit 離開超級使用者帳號並返回他的使用者帳號權限。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6101 +#: book.translate.xml:6106 msgid "Install a Program As the Superuser" msgstr "以超級使用者的身份安裝程式" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6103 +#: book.translate.xml:6108 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% configure\n" @@ -8549,7 +8549,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6112 +#: book.translate.xml:6117 msgid "" "The built-in su1 framework works well for single systems or small " @@ -8564,17 +8564,17 @@ "體提供了活動記錄且允許管理者設定那個使用者可以用超級使用者執行那個指令。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:6123 +#: book.translate.xml:6128 msgid "Managing Accounts" msgstr "管理帳號" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6125 +#: book.translate.xml:6130 msgid "accounts modifying" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6130 +#: book.translate.xml:6135 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides a variety of different commands to manage user accounts. " "The most common commands are summarized in adduser8" @@ -8609,12 +8609,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6152 +#: book.translate.xml:6157 msgid "The recommended command-line application for adding new users." msgstr "建議用來新增新使用者的指令列應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6157 +#: book.translate.xml:6162 msgid "" "rmuser8" @@ -8621,12 +8621,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6158 +#: book.translate.xml:6163 msgid "The recommended command-line application for removing users." msgstr "建議用來移除使用者的指令列應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6163 +#: book.translate.xml:6168 msgid "" "chpass1" @@ -8633,12 +8633,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6164 +#: book.translate.xml:6169 msgid "A flexible tool for changing user database information." msgstr "用來更改使用者資料庫資訊的工具。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6169 +#: book.translate.xml:6174 msgid "" "passwd1" @@ -8645,12 +8645,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6170 +#: book.translate.xml:6175 msgid "The command-line tool to change user passwords." msgstr "用來更改使用者密碼的指令列工具。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6175 +#: book.translate.xml:6180 msgid "" "pw8" @@ -8657,39 +8657,39 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6176 +#: book.translate.xml:6181 msgid "" "A powerful and flexible tool for modifying all aspects of user accounts." msgstr "用來修改使用者帳號各方面資訊強大且靈活的工具。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6184 +#: book.translate.xml:6189 msgid "adduser" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6186 +#: book.translate.xml:6191 msgid "accounts adding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6190 book.translate.xml:43185 +#: book.translate.xml:6195 book.translate.xml:43302 msgid "adduser" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6193 +#: book.translate.xml:6198 msgid "/usr/share/skel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6196 +#: book.translate.xml:6201 msgid "skeleton directory" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6200 +#: book.translate.xml:6205 msgid "" "The recommended program for adding new users is " "adduser8adduser8 utility is interactive and walks through the steps " @@ -8731,12 +8731,12 @@ "離開。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6222 +#: book.translate.xml:6227 msgid "Adding a User on FreeBSD" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 新增使用者" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6224 +#: book.translate.xml:6229 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# adduser\n" @@ -8772,7 +8772,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:6257 +#: book.translate.xml:6262 msgid "" "Since the password is not echoed when typed, be careful to not mistype the " "password when creating the user account." @@ -8779,22 +8779,22 @@ msgstr "由於密碼在輸入時並不會顯示，在建立使用者帳號時要小心密碼不要輸入錯誤。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6264 +#: book.translate.xml:6269 msgid "rmuser" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6266 +#: book.translate.xml:6271 msgid "rmuser" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6269 +#: book.translate.xml:6274 msgid "accounts removing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6274 +#: book.translate.xml:6279 msgid "" "To completely remove a user from the system, run " "rmuser8。這個指令會執行以下步驟：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6280 +#: book.translate.xml:6285 msgid "" "Removes the user's crontab1 entry, if one exists." @@ -8814,7 +8814,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1 項目，若項目存在。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6285 +#: book.translate.xml:6290 msgid "" "Removes any at1 jobs belonging to the user." @@ -8823,23 +8823,23 @@ "refentrytitle>1 工作。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6290 +#: book.translate.xml:6295 msgid "Kills all processes owned by the user." msgstr "中止所有該使用者擁有的程序。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6294 +#: book.translate.xml:6299 msgid "Removes the user from the system's local password file." msgstr "自系統本地密碼檔移除該使用者。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6299 +#: book.translate.xml:6304 msgid "" "Optionally removes the user's home directory, if it is owned by the user." msgstr "選擇性移除該使用者的家目錄，若使用者擁有該目錄。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6304 +#: book.translate.xml:6309 msgid "" "Removes the incoming mail files belonging to the user from /var/" "mail." @@ -8846,7 +8846,7 @@ msgstr "自 /var/mail 移除屬於該使用者的收件郵件檔。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6309 +#: book.translate.xml:6314 msgid "" "Removes all files owned by the user from temporary file storage areas such " "as /tmp." @@ -8854,7 +8854,7 @@ "自暫存檔儲存區域 (如 /tmp) 移除所有使用者擁有的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6315 +#: book.translate.xml:6320 msgid "" "Finally, removes the username from all groups to which it belongs in " "/etc/group. If a group becomes empty and the group name " @@ -8868,7 +8868,7 @@ "manvolnum> 替每位使用者建立獨一無二的群組。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6324 +#: book.translate.xml:6329 msgid "" "rmuser8 cannot be used to remove superuser accounts since that is " @@ -8878,18 +8878,18 @@ "citerefentry> 無法用來移除超級使用者帳號，因為這幾乎代表著大規模破壞。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6328 +#: book.translate.xml:6333 msgid "" "By default, an interactive mode is used, as shown in the following example." msgstr "預設會使用互動式模式，如下範例所示。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6332 +#: book.translate.xml:6337 msgid "rmuser Interactive Account Removal" msgstr "rmuser 互動式帳號移除" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6335 +#: book.translate.xml:6340 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# rmuser jru\n" @@ -8902,17 +8902,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6346 +#: book.translate.xml:6351 msgid "chpass" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6348 +#: book.translate.xml:6353 msgid "chpass" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6352 +#: book.translate.xml:6357 msgid "" "Any user can use chpass1 to change their " @@ -8926,7 +8926,7 @@ "者的其他帳號資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6357 +#: book.translate.xml:6362 msgid "" "When passed no options, aside from an optional username, " "chpass1, the superuser has typed " "chpass jru and is now viewing the fields that can be " @@ -8962,12 +8962,12 @@ "個欄位供編輯，如 所示。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6377 +#: book.translate.xml:6382 msgid "Using chpass as Superuser" msgstr "以超級使用者的身份使用 chpass" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6380 +#: book.translate.xml:6385 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#Changing user database information for jru.\n" @@ -8988,12 +8988,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6398 +#: book.translate.xml:6403 msgid "Using chpass as Regular User" msgstr "以一般使用者的身份使用 chpass" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6401 +#: book.translate.xml:6406 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#Changing user database information for jru.\n" @@ -9006,7 +9006,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:6411 +#: book.translate.xml:6416 msgid "" "The commands chfn1 and chsh 中有說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6421 +#: book.translate.xml:6426 msgid "passwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6423 +#: book.translate.xml:6428 msgid "passwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6426 +#: book.translate.xml:6431 msgid "accounts changing password" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6431 +#: book.translate.xml:6436 msgid "" "Any user can easily change their password using " "passwd1% passwd\n" @@ -9080,7 +9080,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6448 +#: book.translate.xml:6453 msgid "" "The superuser can change any user's password by specifying the username when " "running passwd1# passwd jru\n" @@ -9111,7 +9111,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:6468 +#: book.translate.xml:6473 msgid "" "As with chpass1, yppasswd，因此 NIS 在兩個指令上皆可運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6475 +#: book.translate.xml:6480 msgid "pw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6477 book.translate.xml:43208 +#: book.translate.xml:6482 book.translate.xml:43325 msgid "pw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6481 +#: book.translate.xml:6486 msgid "" "The pw8 utility can create, remove, modify, and display users and " @@ -9155,27 +9155,27 @@ "本節的指令要複雜許多。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:6492 +#: book.translate.xml:6497 msgid "Managing Groups" msgstr "管理群組" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6494 +#: book.translate.xml:6499 msgid "groups" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6497 +#: book.translate.xml:6502 msgid "/etc/groups" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6500 +#: book.translate.xml:6505 msgid "accounts groups" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6505 +#: book.translate.xml:6510 msgid "" "A group is a list of users. A group is identified by its group name and " "GID. In FreeBSD, the kernel uses the UIDGID mapping is listed in /etc/" "group. This is a plain text file with four colon-delimited " @@ -9207,7 +9207,7 @@ "citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6520 +#: book.translate.xml:6525 msgid "" "The superuser can modify /etc/group using a text " "editor. Alternatively, pwteamtwo 的群組然後確認該群組已新增：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6527 +#: book.translate.xml:6532 msgid "" "Adding a Group Using pw8" @@ -9230,7 +9230,7 @@ "manvolnum> 新增群組" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6529 +#: book.translate.xml:6534 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pw groupadd teamtwo\n" @@ -9239,7 +9239,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6534 +#: book.translate.xml:6539 msgid "" "In this example, 1100 is the GID of " "teamtwo. Right now, teamtwo 的成員。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6543 +#: book.translate.xml:6548 msgid "" "Adding User Accounts to a New Group Using pw8" @@ -9263,7 +9263,7 @@ "manvolnum> 加入使用者帳號到新的群組" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6546 +#: book.translate.xml:6551 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pw groupmod teamtwo -M jru\n" @@ -9272,7 +9272,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6551 +#: book.translate.xml:6556 msgid "" "The argument to is a comma-delimited list of users to be " "added to a new (empty) group or to replace the members of an existing group. " @@ -9299,7 +9299,7 @@ "filename> 且不會嘗試自 /etc/passwd 讀取其他的資料。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6565 +#: book.translate.xml:6570 msgid "" "Adding a New Member to a Group Using pw8" @@ -9308,7 +9308,7 @@ "manvolnum> 加入新成員到群組" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6567 +#: book.translate.xml:6572 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pw groupmod teamtwo -m db\n" @@ -9317,7 +9317,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6572 +#: book.translate.xml:6577 msgid "" "In this example, the argument to is a comma-delimited " "list of users who are to be added to the group. Unlike the previous example, " @@ -9329,7 +9329,7 @@ "者。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6579 +#: book.translate.xml:6584 msgid "" "Using id1 to Determine Group Membership" @@ -9338,7 +9338,7 @@ "manvolnum> 來查看所屬群組" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6581 +#: book.translate.xml:6586 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% id jru\n" @@ -9346,7 +9346,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6585 +#: book.translate.xml:6590 msgid "" "In this example, jru is a member " "of the groups jru and " @@ -9357,7 +9357,7 @@ "\">teamtwo 的成員。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6590 +#: book.translate.xml:6595 msgid "" "For more information about this command and the format of /etc/" "group, refer to pw5。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:6597 +#: book.translate.xml:6602 msgid "Permissions" msgstr "權限" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6599 +#: book.translate.xml:6604 msgid "UNIX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6603 +#: book.translate.xml:6608 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, every file and directory has an associated set of permissions " "and several utilities are available for viewing and modifying these " @@ -9395,7 +9395,7 @@ "無法不正確的存取供作業系統或其他使用者擁有的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6611 +#: book.translate.xml:6616 msgid "" "This section discusses the traditional UNIX permissions used in FreeBSD. For finer grained file system access " @@ -9406,7 +9406,7 @@ ">。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6615 +#: book.translate.xml:6620 msgid "" "In UNIX, basic permissions are " "assigned using three types of access: read, write, and execute. These access " @@ -9430,7 +9430,7 @@ "literal> 以及 x 開啟的值為 1。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6630 +#: book.translate.xml:6635 msgid "" "Table 4.1 summarizes the possible numeric and alphabetic possibilities. When " "reading the Directory Listing column, a - " @@ -9440,171 +9440,171 @@ "位時，- 用來代表該權限設為關閉。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6635 +#: book.translate.xml:6640 msgid "permissions" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6638 +#: book.translate.xml:6643 msgid "file permissions" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:6643 +#: book.translate.xml:6648 msgid "UNIX Permissions" msgstr "UNIX 權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6648 +#: book.translate.xml:6653 msgid "Value" msgstr "數值" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6649 +#: book.translate.xml:6654 msgid "Permission" msgstr "權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6650 +#: book.translate.xml:6655 msgid "Directory Listing" msgstr "目錄清單標示" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6656 +#: book.translate.xml:6661 msgid "0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6657 +#: book.translate.xml:6662 msgid "No read, no write, no execute" msgstr "不可讀取, 不可寫入, 不可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6658 +#: book.translate.xml:6663 msgid "---" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6662 book.translate.xml:46810 book.translate.xml:46832 -#: book.translate.xml:46922 +#: book.translate.xml:6667 book.translate.xml:46927 book.translate.xml:46949 +#: book.translate.xml:47039 msgid "1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6663 +#: book.translate.xml:6668 msgid "No read, no write, execute" msgstr "不可讀取, 不可寫入, 可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6664 +#: book.translate.xml:6669 msgid "--x" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6668 book.translate.xml:46702 book.translate.xml:46712 -#: book.translate.xml:46784 book.translate.xml:46794 book.translate.xml:46874 -#: book.translate.xml:46876 +#: book.translate.xml:6673 book.translate.xml:46819 book.translate.xml:46829 +#: book.translate.xml:46901 book.translate.xml:46911 book.translate.xml:46991 +#: book.translate.xml:46993 msgid "2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6669 +#: book.translate.xml:6674 msgid "No read, write, no execute" msgstr "不可讀取, 可寫入, 不可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6670 +#: book.translate.xml:6675 msgid "-w-" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6674 book.translate.xml:46704 book.translate.xml:46710 -#: book.translate.xml:46786 book.translate.xml:46792 book.translate.xml:46882 -#: book.translate.xml:46884 +#: book.translate.xml:6679 book.translate.xml:46821 book.translate.xml:46827 +#: book.translate.xml:46903 book.translate.xml:46909 book.translate.xml:46999 +#: book.translate.xml:47001 msgid "3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6675 +#: book.translate.xml:6680 msgid "No read, write, execute" msgstr "不可讀取, 可寫入, 可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6676 +#: book.translate.xml:6681 msgid "-wx" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6680 book.translate.xml:46718 book.translate.xml:46728 -#: book.translate.xml:46800 book.translate.xml:46808 book.translate.xml:46826 -#: book.translate.xml:46834 book.translate.xml:46890 book.translate.xml:46898 -#: book.translate.xml:46940 +#: book.translate.xml:6685 book.translate.xml:46835 book.translate.xml:46845 +#: book.translate.xml:46917 book.translate.xml:46925 book.translate.xml:46943 +#: book.translate.xml:46951 book.translate.xml:47007 book.translate.xml:47015 +#: book.translate.xml:47057 msgid "4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6681 +#: book.translate.xml:6686 msgid "Read, no write, no execute" msgstr "可讀取, 不可寫入, 不可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6682 +#: book.translate.xml:6687 msgid "r--" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6686 book.translate.xml:46720 book.translate.xml:46726 -#: book.translate.xml:46816 book.translate.xml:46818 book.translate.xml:46906 -#: book.translate.xml:46932 +#: book.translate.xml:6691 book.translate.xml:46837 book.translate.xml:46843 +#: book.translate.xml:46933 book.translate.xml:46935 book.translate.xml:47023 +#: book.translate.xml:47049 msgid "5" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6687 +#: book.translate.xml:6692 msgid "Read, no write, execute" msgstr "可讀取, 不可寫入, 可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6688 +#: book.translate.xml:6693 msgid "r-x" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6692 book.translate.xml:46736 book.translate.xml:46750 -#: book.translate.xml:46802 book.translate.xml:46824 book.translate.xml:46892 -#: book.translate.xml:46914 +#: book.translate.xml:6697 book.translate.xml:46853 book.translate.xml:46867 +#: book.translate.xml:46919 book.translate.xml:46941 book.translate.xml:47009 +#: book.translate.xml:47031 msgid "6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6693 +#: book.translate.xml:6698 msgid "Read, write, no execute" msgstr "可讀取, 可寫入, 不可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6694 +#: book.translate.xml:6699 msgid "rw-" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6698 book.translate.xml:46694 book.translate.xml:46696 -#: book.translate.xml:46840 book.translate.xml:46850 book.translate.xml:46908 -#: book.translate.xml:46930 +#: book.translate.xml:6703 book.translate.xml:46811 book.translate.xml:46813 +#: book.translate.xml:46957 book.translate.xml:46967 book.translate.xml:47025 +#: book.translate.xml:47047 msgid "7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6699 +#: book.translate.xml:6704 msgid "Read, write, execute" msgstr "可讀取, 可寫入, 可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6700 +#: book.translate.xml:6705 msgid "rwx" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6706 +#: book.translate.xml:6711 msgid "" "ls1" @@ -9611,12 +9611,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6709 +#: book.translate.xml:6714 msgid "directories" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6713 +#: book.translate.xml:6718 msgid "" "Use the argument to ls1 to view a long " @@ -9630,7 +9630,7 @@ "一個目錄底下執行 ls -l，會顯示如下的結果：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6719 +#: book.translate.xml:6724 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ls -l\n" @@ -9641,7 +9641,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6725 +#: book.translate.xml:6730 msgid "" "The first (leftmost) character in the first column indicates whether this " "file is a regular file, a directory, a special character device, a socket, " @@ -9668,7 +9668,7 @@ "案的三種權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6742 +#: book.translate.xml:6747 msgid "" "How does the system control permissions on devices? FreeBSD treats most " "hardware devices as a file that programs can open, read, and write data to. " @@ -9679,7 +9679,7 @@ " 目錄中。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6747 +#: book.translate.xml:6752 msgid "" "Directories are also treated as files. They have read, write, and execute " "permissions. The executable bit for a directory has a slightly different " @@ -9695,7 +9695,7 @@ "代表能夠存取在此目錄之中的已知檔名的檔案，但仍會受限於檔案本身所設定的權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6756 +#: book.translate.xml:6761 msgid "" "In order to perform a directory listing, the read permission must be set on " "the directory. In order to delete a file that one knows the name of, it is " @@ -9706,7 +9706,7 @@ "案所在目錄的寫入 以及 執行的權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6762 +#: book.translate.xml:6767 msgid "" "There are more permission bits, but they are primarily used in special " "circumstances such as setuid binaries and sticky directories. For more " @@ -9720,15 +9720,15 @@ "citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:6769 +#: book.translate.xml:6774 msgid "Symbolic Permissions" msgstr "權限符號" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:6772 book.translate.xml:6907 book.translate.xml:6958 -#: book.translate.xml:19290 book.translate.xml:19397 book.translate.xml:19575 -#: book.translate.xml:20694 book.translate.xml:21220 book.translate.xml:23469 -#: book.translate.xml:33904 book.translate.xml:45511 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:6777 book.translate.xml:6912 book.translate.xml:6963 +#: book.translate.xml:19407 book.translate.xml:19514 book.translate.xml:19692 +#: book.translate.xml:20811 book.translate.xml:21337 book.translate.xml:23586 +#: book.translate.xml:34021 book.translate.xml:45628 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes Contributed by " @@ -9735,12 +9735,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6782 +#: book.translate.xml:6787 msgid "permissions symbolic" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6787 +#: book.translate.xml:6792 msgid "" "Symbolic permissions use characters instead of octal values to assign " "permissions to files or directories. Symbolic permissions use the syntax of " @@ -9750,159 +9750,159 @@ "符號表示的格式依序為 (某人)(動作)(權限)，可使用的符號如下：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6797 book.translate.xml:23195 +#: book.translate.xml:6802 book.translate.xml:23312 msgid "Option" msgstr "項目" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6798 +#: book.translate.xml:6803 msgid "Letter" msgstr "字母" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6799 +#: book.translate.xml:6804 msgid "Represents" msgstr "代表意義" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6805 book.translate.xml:6811 book.translate.xml:6817 -#: book.translate.xml:6823 +#: book.translate.xml:6810 book.translate.xml:6816 book.translate.xml:6822 +#: book.translate.xml:6828 msgid "(who)" msgstr "(某人)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6806 +#: book.translate.xml:6811 msgid "u" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6807 +#: book.translate.xml:6812 msgid "User" msgstr "使用者" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6812 +#: book.translate.xml:6817 msgid "g" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6813 +#: book.translate.xml:6818 msgid "Group owner" msgstr "群組所有者" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6818 +#: book.translate.xml:6823 msgid "o" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6819 +#: book.translate.xml:6824 msgid "Other" msgstr "其他" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6824 +#: book.translate.xml:6829 msgid "a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6825 +#: book.translate.xml:6830 msgid "All (world)" msgstr "全部 (world)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6829 book.translate.xml:6835 book.translate.xml:6841 +#: book.translate.xml:6834 book.translate.xml:6840 book.translate.xml:6846 msgid "(action)" msgstr "(動作)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6830 book.translate.xml:31465 book.translate.xml:39197 +#: book.translate.xml:6835 book.translate.xml:31582 book.translate.xml:39314 msgid "+" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6831 +#: book.translate.xml:6836 msgid "Adding permissions" msgstr "\t增加權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6836 book.translate.xml:31470 book.translate.xml:39202 +#: book.translate.xml:6841 book.translate.xml:31587 book.translate.xml:39319 msgid "-" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6837 +#: book.translate.xml:6842 msgid "Removing permissions" msgstr "移除權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6842 +#: book.translate.xml:6847 msgid "=" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6843 +#: book.translate.xml:6848 msgid "Explicitly set permissions" msgstr "指定權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6847 book.translate.xml:6853 book.translate.xml:6859 -#: book.translate.xml:6865 book.translate.xml:6871 +#: book.translate.xml:6852 book.translate.xml:6858 book.translate.xml:6864 +#: book.translate.xml:6870 book.translate.xml:6876 msgid "(permissions)" msgstr "(權限)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6848 +#: book.translate.xml:6853 msgid "r" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6849 +#: book.translate.xml:6854 msgid "Read" msgstr "讀取" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6854 +#: book.translate.xml:6859 msgid "w" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6855 +#: book.translate.xml:6860 msgid "Write" msgstr "寫入" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6860 +#: book.translate.xml:6865 msgid "x" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6861 +#: book.translate.xml:6866 msgid "Execute" msgstr "執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6866 +#: book.translate.xml:6871 msgid "t" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6867 +#: book.translate.xml:6872 msgid "Sticky bit" msgstr "Sticky 位元" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6872 +#: book.translate.xml:6877 msgid "s" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6873 +#: book.translate.xml:6878 msgid "Set UID or GID" msgstr "設定 UID 或 GID" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6879 +#: book.translate.xml:6884 msgid "" "These values are used with chmod1, but with letters " @@ -9915,13 +9915,13 @@ "FILE：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6884 +#: book.translate.xml:6889 #, no-wrap msgid "% chmod go= FILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6886 +#: book.translate.xml:6891 msgid "" "A comma separated list can be provided when more than one set of changes to " "a file must be made. For example, the following command removes the group " @@ -9933,18 +9933,18 @@ "(world) 對該檔有執行權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6893 +#: book.translate.xml:6898 #, no-wrap msgid "% chmod go-w,a+x FILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:6904 +#: book.translate.xml:6909 msgid "FreeBSD File Flags" msgstr "FreeBSD 檔案旗標" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6917 +#: book.translate.xml:6922 msgid "" "In addition to file permissions, FreeBSD supports the use of file " "flags. These flags add an additional level of security and control " @@ -9957,7 +9957,7 @@ "root 不會意外將檔案修改或移除。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6924 +#: book.translate.xml:6929 msgid "" "File flags are modified using chflags1. For example, to " @@ -9970,13 +9970,13 @@ "file1，使用下列指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6929 +#: book.translate.xml:6934 #, no-wrap msgid "# chflags sunlink file1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6931 +#: book.translate.xml:6936 msgid "" "To disable the system undeletable flag, put a no in front of " "the :" @@ -9985,13 +9985,13 @@ "no，例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6935 +#: book.translate.xml:6940 #, no-wrap msgid "# chflags nosunlink file1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6937 +#: book.translate.xml:6942 msgid "" "To view the flags of a file, use with " "ls1 及參數 可檢視檔案目前的旗標：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6940 +#: book.translate.xml:6945 #, no-wrap msgid "# ls -lo file1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6942 +#: book.translate.xml:6947 #, no-wrap msgid "-rw-r--r-- 1 trhodes trhodes sunlnk 0 Mar 1 05:54 file1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6944 +#: book.translate.xml:6949 msgid "" "Several file flags may only be added or removed by the root user. In other cases, the file owner may set " @@ -10029,7 +10029,7 @@ "refentrytitle>2 說明以瞭解相關細節。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:6953 +#: book.translate.xml:6958 msgid "" "The setuid, setgid, and " "sticky Permissions" @@ -10038,7 +10038,7 @@ "literal> 權限" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6968 +#: book.translate.xml:6973 msgid "" "Other than the permissions already discussed, there are three other specific " "settings that all administrators should know about. They are the " @@ -10050,7 +10050,7 @@ "sticky 權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6974 +#: book.translate.xml:6979 msgid "" "These settings are important for some UNIX operations as they provide functionality not normally granted to " @@ -10062,7 +10062,7 @@ "說明真實使用者 ID (Real user ID) 與有效使用者 ID (Effective user ID) 的差異。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6979 +#: book.translate.xml:6984 msgid "" "The real user ID is the UID who owns or starts the " "process. The effective UID is the user ID the process " @@ -10082,7 +10082,7 @@ "(Permission Denied) 的錯誤。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6989 +#: book.translate.xml:6994 msgid "" "The setuid permission may be set by prefixing a permission set with the " "number four (4) as shown in the following example:" @@ -10089,13 +10089,13 @@ msgstr "setuid 權限可以透過在權限集前加上數字 (4) 來設定，如下範例所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6993 +#: book.translate.xml:6998 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 4755 suidexample.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6995 +#: book.translate.xml:7000 msgid "" "The permissions on suidexample.sh now look like the following:" @@ -10104,13 +10104,13 @@ "如下所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6999 +#: book.translate.xml:7004 #, no-wrap msgid "-rwsr-xr-x 1 trhodes trhodes 63 Aug 29 06:36 suidexample.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7001 +#: book.translate.xml:7006 msgid "" "Note that a s is now part of the permission set " "designated for the file owner, replacing the executable bit. This allows " @@ -10123,7 +10123,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1 可正常使用。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:7007 +#: book.translate.xml:7012 msgid "" "The nosuid mount8 option will cause such " @@ -10137,7 +10137,7 @@ "該選項並非完全可靠。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7014 +#: book.translate.xml:7019 msgid "" "To view this in real time, open two terminals. On one, type passwd as a normal user. While it waits for a new password, check the " @@ -10151,12 +10151,12 @@ "citerefentry> 程序的使用者資訊：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7020 +#: book.translate.xml:7025 msgid "In terminal A:" msgstr "於終端機 A：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7022 +#: book.translate.xml:7027 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Changing local password for trhodes\n" @@ -10164,18 +10164,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7025 +#: book.translate.xml:7030 msgid "In terminal B:" msgstr "於終端機 B：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7027 +#: book.translate.xml:7032 #, no-wrap msgid "# ps aux | grep passwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7029 +#: book.translate.xml:7034 #, no-wrap msgid "" "trhodes 5232 0.0 0.2 3420 1608 0 R+ 2:10AM 0:00.00 grep passwd\n" @@ -10183,7 +10183,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7032 +#: book.translate.xml:7037 msgid "" "Although passwd1 is run as a normal user, it is using the effective " @@ -10195,7 +10195,7 @@ "acronym>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7036 +#: book.translate.xml:7041 msgid "" "The setgid permission performs the same function as the " "setuid permission; except that it alters the group " @@ -10208,7 +10208,7 @@ "使用者。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7043 +#: book.translate.xml:7048 msgid "" "To set the setgid permission on a file, provide " "chmod1 的參數前加上 (2)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7046 +#: book.translate.xml:7051 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 2755 sgidexample.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7048 +#: book.translate.xml:7053 msgid "" "In the following listing, notice that the s is now in the " "field designated for the group permission settings:" @@ -10232,13 +10232,13 @@ msgstr "注意以下清單中，s 現在位於指定群組權限設定的欄位：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7052 +#: book.translate.xml:7057 #, no-wrap msgid "-rwxr-sr-x 1 trhodes trhodes 44 Aug 31 01:49 sgidexample.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:7055 +#: book.translate.xml:7060 msgid "" "In these examples, even though the shell script in question is an executable " "file, it will not run with a different EUID or effective " @@ -10252,7 +10252,7 @@ "manvolnum> 系統呼叫 (System call)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7062 +#: book.translate.xml:7067 msgid "" "The setuid and setgid permission bits " "may lower system security, by allowing for elevated permissions. The third " @@ -10264,7 +10264,7 @@ "literal>，可以加強系統的安全性。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7068 +#: book.translate.xml:7073 msgid "" "When the sticky bit is set on a directory, it allows file " "deletion only by the file owner. This is useful to prevent file deletion in " @@ -10277,13 +10277,13 @@ "非常有用。要使用這個權限，可在權限集前加上 (1)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7075 +#: book.translate.xml:7080 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 1777 /tmp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7077 +#: book.translate.xml:7082 msgid "" "The sticky bit permission will display as a t at the very end of the permission set:" @@ -10292,29 +10292,29 @@ "後：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7081 +#: book.translate.xml:7086 #, no-wrap msgid "# ls -al / | grep tmp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7083 +#: book.translate.xml:7088 #, no-wrap msgid "drwxrwxrwt 10 root wheel 512 Aug 31 01:49 tmp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:7089 +#: book.translate.xml:7094 msgid "Directory Structure" msgstr "目錄結構" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7091 +#: book.translate.xml:7096 msgid "directory hierarchy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7095 +#: book.translate.xml:7100 msgid "" "The FreeBSD directory hierarchy is fundamental to obtaining an overall " "understanding of the system. The most important directory is root or, " @@ -10329,7 +10329,7 @@ "會有開機所會用到必備檔案。 此外，根目錄還有紀錄其他檔案系統的掛載點相關設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7104 +#: book.translate.xml:7109 msgid "" "A mount point is a directory where additional file systems can be grafted " "onto a parent file system (usually the root file system). This is further " @@ -10356,7 +10356,7 @@ "option> 選項。 其中細節說明可參閱 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7119 +#: book.translate.xml:7124 msgid "" "A complete description of the file system hierarchy is available in " "hier7/bin/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7140 +#: book.translate.xml:7145 msgid "" "User utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments." msgstr "" @@ -10391,23 +10391,23 @@ "單使用者 (Single-user)、多使用者 (Multi-user) 兩種模式皆可使用的基本工具 。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7145 +#: book.translate.xml:7150 msgid "/boot/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7146 +#: book.translate.xml:7151 msgid "" "Programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap." msgstr "作業系統開機過程會用到的程式、設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7151 +#: book.translate.xml:7156 msgid "/boot/defaults/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7152 +#: book.translate.xml:7157 msgid "" "Default boot configuration files. Refer to " "loader.conf55。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7157 +#: book.translate.xml:7162 msgid "/dev/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7158 +#: book.translate.xml:7163 msgid "" "Device nodes. Refer to intro4 for details." @@ -10431,22 +10431,22 @@ "refentrytitle>4。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7163 +#: book.translate.xml:7168 msgid "/etc/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7164 +#: book.translate.xml:7169 msgid "System configuration files and scripts." msgstr "系統設定檔及一些 Script 檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7168 +#: book.translate.xml:7173 msgid "/etc/defaults/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7169 +#: book.translate.xml:7174 msgid "" "Default system configuration files. Refer to " "rc88。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7174 +#: book.translate.xml:7179 msgid "/etc/mail/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7175 +#: book.translate.xml:7180 msgid "" "Configuration files for mail transport agents such as " "sendmail8." msgstr "" -"MTA (Mail Transport Agent) 的相關設定檔，像是 " -"sendmail8。" +"郵件傳輸代理程式，像是 sendmail8 的相關設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7180 +#: book.translate.xml:7185 msgid "/etc/namedb/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7181 +#: book.translate.xml:7186 msgid "" "named8 configuration files." @@ -10486,12 +10485,12 @@ "citerefentry> 設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7185 +#: book.translate.xml:7190 msgid "/etc/periodic/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7186 +#: book.translate.xml:7191 msgid "" "Scripts that run daily, weekly, and monthly, via " "cron88。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7192 +#: book.translate.xml:7197 msgid "/etc/ppp/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7193 +#: book.translate.xml:7198 msgid "" "ppp8 configuration files." @@ -10518,12 +10517,12 @@ "citerefentry> 設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7197 +#: book.translate.xml:7202 msgid "/mnt/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7198 +#: book.translate.xml:7203 msgid "" "Empty directory commonly used by system administrators as a temporary mount " "point." @@ -10530,12 +10529,12 @@ msgstr "系統管理者慣用充當臨時掛載點的空目錄。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7203 +#: book.translate.xml:7208 msgid "/proc/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7204 +#: book.translate.xml:7209 msgid "" "Process file system. Refer to procfs5, " @@ -10548,12 +10547,12 @@ "manvolnum>。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7209 +#: book.translate.xml:7214 msgid "/rescue/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7210 +#: book.translate.xml:7215 msgid "" "Statically linked programs for emergency recovery as described in " "rescue8。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7215 +#: book.translate.xml:7220 msgid "/root/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7216 +#: book.translate.xml:7221 msgid "" "Home directory for the root " "account." @@ -10576,12 +10575,12 @@ msgstr "root 帳號的家目錄。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7222 +#: book.translate.xml:7227 msgid "/sbin/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7223 +#: book.translate.xml:7228 msgid "" "System programs and administration utilities fundamental to both single-user " "and multi-user environments." @@ -10590,12 +10589,12 @@ "具 。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7229 +#: book.translate.xml:7234 msgid "/tmp/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7230 +#: book.translate.xml:7235 msgid "" "Temporary files which are usually not preserved across " "a system reboot. A memory-based file system is often mounted at /" @@ -10614,72 +10613,72 @@ "refentrytitle>8)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7240 +#: book.translate.xml:7245 msgid "/usr/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7241 +#: book.translate.xml:7246 msgid "The majority of user utilities and applications." msgstr "主要是使用者所安裝的工具程式、應用程式存放處。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7246 +#: book.translate.xml:7251 msgid "/usr/bin/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7247 +#: book.translate.xml:7252 msgid "Common utilities, programming tools, and applications." msgstr "常用工具、開發工具、應用軟體。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7252 +#: book.translate.xml:7257 msgid "/usr/include/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7253 +#: book.translate.xml:7258 msgid "Standard C include files." msgstr "標準 C include 檔案。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7257 +#: book.translate.xml:7262 msgid "/usr/lib/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7258 +#: book.translate.xml:7263 msgid "Archive libraries." msgstr "程式庫存放處。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7263 +#: book.translate.xml:7268 msgid "/usr/libdata/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7264 +#: book.translate.xml:7269 msgid "Miscellaneous utility data files." msgstr "其他各式工具的資料檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7268 +#: book.translate.xml:7273 msgid "/usr/libexec/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7269 +#: book.translate.xml:7274 msgid "System daemons and system utilities executed by other programs." msgstr "系統 Daemon 及系統工具程式 (透過其他程式來執行)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7274 +#: book.translate.xml:7279 msgid "/usr/local/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7275 +#: book.translate.xml:7280 msgid "" "Local executables and libraries. Also used as the default destination for " "the FreeBSD ports framework. Within /usr/local, the " @@ -10699,12 +10698,12 @@ "port。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7288 +#: book.translate.xml:7293 msgid "/usr/obj/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7289 +#: book.translate.xml:7294 msgid "" "Architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/" "src tree." @@ -10711,52 +10710,52 @@ msgstr "在編譯 /usr/src 目錄時所產生的相關架構目地檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7295 +#: book.translate.xml:7300 msgid "/usr/ports/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7296 +#: book.translate.xml:7301 msgid "The FreeBSD Ports Collection (optional)." msgstr "FreeBSD Port 套件集 (選用)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7300 +#: book.translate.xml:7305 msgid "/usr/sbin/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7301 +#: book.translate.xml:7306 msgid "System daemons and system utilities executed by users." msgstr "由使用者執行的系統 Daemon 及系統工具。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7306 +#: book.translate.xml:7311 msgid "/usr/share/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7307 +#: book.translate.xml:7312 msgid "Architecture-independent files." msgstr "各架構皆共通的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7311 +#: book.translate.xml:7316 msgid "/usr/src/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7312 +#: book.translate.xml:7317 msgid "BSD and/or local source files." msgstr "BSD 原始碼 (或自行新增的)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7316 +#: book.translate.xml:7321 msgid "/var/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7317 +#: book.translate.xml:7322 msgid "" "Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. A memory-based " "file system is sometimes mounted at /var. This can be " @@ -10775,42 +10774,42 @@ "citerefentry>)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7328 +#: book.translate.xml:7333 msgid "/var/log/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7329 +#: book.translate.xml:7334 msgid "Miscellaneous system log files." msgstr "各項系統記錄的日誌 (Log) 檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7333 +#: book.translate.xml:7338 msgid "/var/mail/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7334 +#: book.translate.xml:7339 msgid "User mailbox files." msgstr "各使用者的郵件 (Mailbox) 檔案。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7338 +#: book.translate.xml:7343 msgid "/var/spool/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7339 +#: book.translate.xml:7344 msgid "Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories." msgstr "各種印表機、郵件系統的緩衝 (Spool) 目錄。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7344 +#: book.translate.xml:7349 msgid "/var/tmp/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7345 +#: book.translate.xml:7350 msgid "" "Temporary files which are usually preserved across a system reboot, unless " "/var is a memory-based file system." @@ -10819,22 +10818,22 @@ "屬於以記憶體為基礎 (Memory-based) 的檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7352 +#: book.translate.xml:7357 msgid "/var/yp/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7353 +#: book.translate.xml:7358 msgid "NIS maps." msgstr "NIS 對應表。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:7361 +#: book.translate.xml:7366 msgid "Disk Organization" msgstr "磁碟組織" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7363 +#: book.translate.xml:7368 msgid "" "The smallest unit of organization that FreeBSD uses to find files is the " "filename. Filenames are case-sensitive, which means that readme." @@ -10848,7 +10847,7 @@ "他類型的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7370 +#: book.translate.xml:7375 msgid "" "Files are stored in directories. A directory may contain no files, or it may " "contain many hundreds of files. A directory can also contain other " @@ -10859,7 +10858,7 @@ "中也可以包含其他的目錄； 您可以建立階層式的目錄以便資料的管理。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7376 +#: book.translate.xml:7381 msgid "" "Files and directories are referenced by giving the file or directory name, " "followed by a forward slash, /, followed by any other " @@ -10884,7 +10883,7 @@ "c:\\foo\\bar\\readme.txt 這種路徑。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7391 +#: book.translate.xml:7396 msgid "" "Directories and files are stored in a file system. Each file system contains " "exactly one directory at the very top level, called the root " @@ -10903,7 +10902,7 @@ "個磁碟，所有目錄都會成為該磁碟的一部份。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7402 +#: book.translate.xml:7407 msgid "" "Consider three file systems, called A, B, and C. Each file system has one root directory, " @@ -10917,7 +10916,7 @@ "B2 及 C1, C2)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7409 +#: book.translate.xml:7414 msgid "" "Call A the root file system. If " "ls1B on to the directory A1B1 or B2 " "directories can be reached with the path /A1/B1 or " @@ -11005,7 +11004,7 @@ "literal> 被卸載 (Unmount) 後才會再顯現出來。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7463 +#: book.translate.xml:7468 msgid "" "If B had been mounted on A2 then the " "diagram would look like this:" @@ -11017,13 +11016,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:7469 +#: book.translate.xml:7474 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='basics/example-dir3' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout -#: book.translate.xml:7473 +#: book.translate.xml:7478 #, no-wrap msgid "" " /\n" @@ -11038,7 +11037,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7485 +#: book.translate.xml:7490 msgid "" "and the paths would be /A2/B1 and /A2/B2 respectively." @@ -11046,7 +11045,7 @@ "上面的路徑分別為 /A2/B1 及 /A2/B2。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7490 +#: book.translate.xml:7495 msgid "" "File systems can be mounted on top of one another. Continuing the last " "example, the C file system could be mounted on top of the " @@ -11062,13 +11061,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:7498 +#: book.translate.xml:7503 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='basics/example-dir4' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout -#: book.translate.xml:7502 +#: book.translate.xml:7507 #, no-wrap msgid "" " /\n" @@ -11087,7 +11086,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7518 +#: book.translate.xml:7523 msgid "" "Or C could be mounted directly on to the A file system, under the A1 directory:" @@ -11100,13 +11099,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:7524 +#: book.translate.xml:7529 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='basics/example-dir5' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout -#: book.translate.xml:7528 +#: book.translate.xml:7533 #, no-wrap msgid "" " /\n" @@ -11125,7 +11124,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7544 +#: book.translate.xml:7549 msgid "" "It is entirely possible to have one large root file system, and not need to " "create any others. There are some drawbacks to this approach, and one " @@ -11135,12 +11134,12 @@ "處。" #. (itstool) path: itemizedlist/title -#: book.translate.xml:7549 +#: book.translate.xml:7554 msgid "Benefits of Multiple File Systems" msgstr "使用多個檔案系統的好處" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7552 +#: book.translate.xml:7557 msgid "" "Different file systems can have different mount options. For example, the root file system can be mounted read-only, " @@ -11159,7 +11158,7 @@ "guid 位元失效，可讓系統更安全。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7566 +#: book.translate.xml:7571 msgid "" "FreeBSD automatically optimizes the layout of files on a file system, " "depending on how the file system is being used. So a file system that " @@ -11172,7 +11171,7 @@ "如果您只有單一個大的檔案系統，這部分就沒用了。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7575 +#: book.translate.xml:7580 msgid "" "FreeBSD's file systems are robust if power is lost. However, a power loss at " "a critical point could still damage the structure of the file system. By " @@ -11184,12 +11183,12 @@ "以便您在需要的時候將備份資料回存回來。" #. (itstool) path: itemizedlist/title -#: book.translate.xml:7585 +#: book.translate.xml:7590 msgid "Benefit of a Single File System" msgstr "使用單一檔案系統的好處" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7588 +#: book.translate.xml:7593 msgid "" "File systems are a fixed size. If you create a file system when you install " "FreeBSD and give it a specific size, you may later discover that you need to " @@ -11202,7 +11201,7 @@ "的大小，然後將備份回存回來。" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:7596 +#: book.translate.xml:7601 msgid "" "FreeBSD features the growfs8 command, which makes " @@ -11213,7 +11212,7 @@ "manvolnum> 指令可以突破此限制直接變更檔案系統的大小。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7603 +#: book.translate.xml:7608 msgid "" "File systems are contained in partitions. This does not have the same " "meaning as the common usage of the term partition (for example, swap space to " "provide virtual memory. This allows your computer to " @@ -11247,47 +11246,47 @@ "移到交換空間，然後在用到的時候移回去 (同時移出部份沒用到的)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7622 +#: book.translate.xml:7627 msgid "Some partitions have certain conventions associated with them." msgstr "部份分區有使用的慣例如下：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7632 +#: book.translate.xml:7637 msgid "Partition" msgstr "分區" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7633 +#: book.translate.xml:7638 msgid "Convention" msgstr "慣例" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7639 +#: book.translate.xml:7644 msgid "a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7640 +#: book.translate.xml:7645 msgid "Normally contains the root file system." msgstr "通常內含根檔案系統" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7644 +#: book.translate.xml:7649 msgid "b" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7645 +#: book.translate.xml:7650 msgid "Normally contains swap space." msgstr "通常內含交換空間" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7649 +#: book.translate.xml:7654 msgid "c" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7650 +#: book.translate.xml:7655 msgid "" "Normally the same size as the enclosing slice. This allows utilities that " "need to work on the entire slice, such as a bad block scanner, to work on " @@ -11299,12 +11298,12 @@ "執行。一般來說不會把檔案系統建立在這個分區。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7658 +#: book.translate.xml:7663 msgid "d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7659 +#: book.translate.xml:7664 msgid "" "Partition d used to have a special meaning associated " "with it, although that is now gone and d may work as any " @@ -11314,7 +11313,7 @@ "d 和一般的分區相同。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7668 +#: book.translate.xml:7673 msgid "" "Disks in FreeBSD are divided into slices, referred to in Windows as partitions, which are numbered from 1 " @@ -11326,22 +11325,22 @@ "再分成數個分區，每個分區內含檔案系統，且會使用字母來標示。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7673 +#: book.translate.xml:7678 msgid "slices" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7676 book.translate.xml:31935 book.translate.xml:32031 +#: book.translate.xml:7681 book.translate.xml:32052 book.translate.xml:32148 msgid "partitions" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7679 +#: book.translate.xml:7684 msgid "dangerously dedicated" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7683 +#: book.translate.xml:7688 msgid "" "Slice numbers follow the device name, prefixed with an s, " "starting at 1. So da0s1 is the first " @@ -11360,7 +11359,7 @@ "檔案系統使用的裝置 (Device) 上均會各別佔據一個切割區。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7693 +#: book.translate.xml:7698 msgid "" "Slices, dangerously dedicated physical drives, and other " "drives contain partitions, which are represented as " @@ -11380,7 +11379,7 @@ "三個切割區的第五個分區。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7706 +#: book.translate.xml:7711 msgid "" "Finally, each disk on the system is identified. A disk name starts with a " "code that indicates the type of disk, and then a number, indicating which " @@ -11392,7 +11391,7 @@ "始。常見的代碼可以參考 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7712 +#: book.translate.xml:7717 msgid "" "When referring to a partition, include the disk name, s, " "the slice number, and then the partition letter. Examples are shown in 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7717 +#: book.translate.xml:7722 msgid "" " shows a conceptual model of a " "disk layout." @@ -11411,7 +11410,7 @@ "對您有些幫助。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7720 +#: book.translate.xml:7725 msgid "" "When installing FreeBSD, configure the disk slices, create partitions within " "the slice to be used for FreeBSD, create a file system or swap space in each " @@ -11422,32 +11421,32 @@ "哪裡。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:7726 +#: book.translate.xml:7731 msgid "Disk Device Names" msgstr "磁碟裝置名稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7734 +#: book.translate.xml:7739 msgid "Drive Type" msgstr "磁碟機類型" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7735 +#: book.translate.xml:7740 msgid "Drive Device Name" msgstr "磁碟機裝置稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7741 +#: book.translate.xml:7746 msgid "SATA and IDE hard drives" msgstr "SATA 及 IDE 硬碟" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7743 +#: book.translate.xml:7748 msgid "ada or ad" msgstr "ada 或 ad" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7748 +#: book.translate.xml:7753 msgid "" "SCSI hard drives and USB storage " "devices" @@ -11454,12 +11453,12 @@ msgstr "SCSI 硬碟與 USB 儲存裝置" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7750 +#: book.translate.xml:7755 msgid "da" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7754 +#: book.translate.xml:7759 msgid "" "SATA and IDE CD-ROM " "drives" @@ -11468,37 +11467,37 @@ "光碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7756 +#: book.translate.xml:7761 msgid "cd or acd" msgstr "cd 或 acd" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7761 +#: book.translate.xml:7766 msgid "SCSI CD-ROM drives" msgstr "SCSI CD-ROM 光碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7763 +#: book.translate.xml:7768 msgid "cd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7767 +#: book.translate.xml:7772 msgid "Floppy drives" msgstr "軟碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7768 +#: book.translate.xml:7773 msgid "fd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7772 +#: book.translate.xml:7777 msgid "Assorted non-standard CD-ROM drives" msgstr "各種非標準 CD-ROM 光碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7774 +#: book.translate.xml:7779 msgid "" "mcd for Mitsumi CD-ROM and " "scd for Sony CD-ROM devices" @@ -11507,32 +11506,32 @@ "scd 代表 Sony CD-ROM 光碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7780 +#: book.translate.xml:7785 msgid "SCSI tape drives" msgstr "SCSI 磁帶機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7781 +#: book.translate.xml:7786 msgid "sa" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7785 +#: book.translate.xml:7790 msgid "IDE tape drives" msgstr "IDE 磁帶機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7786 +#: book.translate.xml:7791 msgid "ast" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7790 +#: book.translate.xml:7795 msgid "RAID drives" msgstr "RAID 磁碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7791 +#: book.translate.xml:7796 msgid "" "Examples include aacd for Adaptec AdvancedRAID, mlxd and " @@ -11551,27 +11550,27 @@ "trademark> RAID." #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:7803 +#: book.translate.xml:7808 msgid "Sample Disk, Slice, and Partition Names" msgstr "磁碟、切割區及分區命名範例" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7812 +#: book.translate.xml:7817 msgid "Name" msgstr "名稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7813 book.translate.xml:62595 +#: book.translate.xml:7818 book.translate.xml:62712 msgid "Meaning" msgstr "意義" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7819 +#: book.translate.xml:7824 msgid "ada0s1a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7820 +#: book.translate.xml:7825 msgid "" "The first partition (a) on the first slice (s1) on the first SATA disk (ada0)的第一個分區(a) 。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7827 +#: book.translate.xml:7832 msgid "da1s2e" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7828 +#: book.translate.xml:7833 msgid "" "The fifth partition (e) on the second slice (s2) on the second SCSI disk (da1)." @@ -11595,12 +11594,12 @@ "literal>) 的第五個分區 (e) 。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:7838 +#: book.translate.xml:7843 msgid "Conceptual Model of a Disk" msgstr "磁碟的概念模型" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:7840 +#: book.translate.xml:7845 msgid "" "This diagram shows FreeBSD's view of the first SATA disk " "attached to the system. Assume that the disk is 250 GB in size, and contains " @@ -11619,7 +11618,7 @@ "裝了 FreeBSD。 本範例中安裝的 FreeBSD 有四個資料分區及一個交換分區。" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:7850 +#: book.translate.xml:7855 msgid "" "The four partitions each hold a file system. Partition a " "is used for the root file system, d for /var//. /dev, /usr/usr/local 等。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7878 +#: book.translate.xml:7883 msgid "root file system" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7882 +#: book.translate.xml:7887 msgid "" "There are various reasons to house some of these directories on separate " "file systems. /var contains the directories " @@ -11684,7 +11683,7 @@ "filename> 中拉出來。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7893 +#: book.translate.xml:7898 msgid "" "Another common reason to contain certain directory trees on other file " "systems is if they are to be housed on separate physical disks, or are " @@ -11696,18 +11695,18 @@ "\"network-nfs\"/> 或是光碟機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:7900 +#: book.translate.xml:7905 msgid "The fstab File" msgstr "fstab 檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7902 +#: book.translate.xml:7907 msgid "" "file systems mounted with fstab" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7907 +#: book.translate.xml:7912 msgid "" "During the boot process (), file systems listed in " "/etc/fstab are automatically mounted except for the " @@ -11719,39 +11718,39 @@ " 參數)。檔案內容的格式如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:7913 +#: book.translate.xml:7918 #, no-wrap msgid "device /mount-point fstype options dumpfreq passno" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:7917 +#: book.translate.xml:7922 msgid "device" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7919 +#: book.translate.xml:7924 msgid "" "An existing device name as explained in ." msgstr "已存在的裝置名稱，詳情請參閱 。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:7925 +#: book.translate.xml:7930 msgid "mount-point" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7928 +#: book.translate.xml:7933 msgid "An existing directory on which to mount the file system." msgstr "檔案系統要掛載到的目錄 (該目錄必須存在)。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:7934 +#: book.translate.xml:7939 msgid "fstype" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7937 +#: book.translate.xml:7942 msgid "" "The file system type to pass to mount8. The default FreeBSD " @@ -11762,12 +11761,12 @@ "檔案系統是 ufs。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:7944 +#: book.translate.xml:7949 msgid "options" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7947 +#: book.translate.xml:7952 msgid "" "Either for read-write file systems, or 來先升級指定應用程式所有相依的 Port：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10170 +#: book.translate.xml:10232 #, no-wrap msgid "# portupgrade -R firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10172 +#: book.translate.xml:10234 msgid "" "If is included, Portupgrade " "searches for available packages in the local directories listed in " @@ -15732,13 +15826,13 @@ "可用時放棄安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10185 +#: book.translate.xml:10247 #, no-wrap msgid "# portupgrade -PP gnome3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10187 +#: book.translate.xml:10249 msgid "" "To just fetch the port distfiles, or packages, if is " "specified, without building or installing anything, use . " @@ -15749,18 +15843,27 @@ "或安裝任何東西，使用 。請參考 portupgrade 的操作手冊來取得所有可用選項的更多資訊。" +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:10255 +msgid "" +"More information about ports-mgmt/portupgrade may be " +"found in its pkg-descr." +msgstr "" +"更多有關 ports-mgmt/portupgrade 的資訊可至其 " +"pkg-descr 取得。" + #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10196 +#: book.translate.xml:10262 msgid "Ports and Disk Space" msgstr "Port 與磁碟空間" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:10198 +#: book.translate.xml:10264 msgid "ports disk-space" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10203 +#: book.translate.xml:10269 msgid "" "Using the Ports Collection will use up disk space over time. After building " "and installing a port, running make clean within the " @@ -15779,79 +15882,78 @@ "地複本中找到的 work 目錄：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10214 +#: book.translate.xml:10280 #, no-wrap msgid "# portsclean -C" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10216 +#: book.translate.xml:10282 msgid "" -"In addition, a lot of out-dated source distribution files will collect in " -"/usr/ports/distfiles over time. If " -"Portupgrade is installed, this command will " -"delete all the distfiles that are no longer referenced by any ports:" +"In addition, outdated source distribution files accumulate in /usr/" +"ports/distfiles over time. To use Portupgrade to delete all the distfiles that are no longer referenced by " +"any ports:" msgstr "" "除此之外，許多過時的原始碼發行檔案會儲存在 /usr/ports/distfiles。若有安裝 Portupgrade，此指令將會刪除所" -"有不再被任何 Port 所引用的 distfiles：" +"filename>。使用 Portupgrade 刪除所有不再被任何 " +"Port 所引用的 distfiles：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10222 +#: book.translate.xml:10288 #, no-wrap msgid "# portsclean -D" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10224 +#: book.translate.xml:10290 msgid "" -"To use Portupgrade to remove all distfiles not " +"Portupgrade can remove all distfiles not " "referenced by any port currently installed on the system:" msgstr "" -"要使用 Portupgrade 來移除所有未被任何安裝在系統上" -"的 Port 所引用的 distfiles：" +"Portupgrade 可以移除所有未被任何安裝在系統上的 " +"Port 所引用的 distfiles：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10228 +#: book.translate.xml:10294 #, no-wrap msgid "# portsclean -DD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10230 +#: book.translate.xml:10296 msgid "If Portmaster is installed, use:" msgstr "若有安裝 Portmaster，則可使用：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10233 +#: book.translate.xml:10299 #, no-wrap msgid "# portmaster --clean-distfiles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10235 +#: book.translate.xml:10301 msgid "" -"By default, this command is interactive and will prompt the user to confirm " -"if a distfile should be deleted." -msgstr "預設這個指令會互動的方式詢問使用者確認是否要刪除 distfile。" +"By default, this command is interactive and prompts the user to confirm if a " +"distfile should be deleted." +msgstr "預設，若 distfile 應要被刪除，這個指令會以互動的方式向使用者確認。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10238 +#: book.translate.xml:10304 msgid "" -"In addition to these commands, the ports-mgmt/pkg_cutleaves package or port automates the task of removing installed ports that " -"are no longer needed." +"In addition to these commands, ports-mgmt/pkg_cutleaves " +"automates the task of removing installed ports that are no longer needed." msgstr "" -"除了以上指令外，ports-mgmt/pkg_cutleaves 套件或 Port 可自" -"動移除不再需要使用的 Port。" +"除了以上指令外，ports-mgmt/pkg_cutleaves 可自動移除不再需" +"要使用的 Port。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10246 +#: book.translate.xml:10312 msgid "Building Packages with Poudriere" msgstr "使用 Poudriere 編譯套件" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10249 +#: book.translate.xml:10315 msgid "" "Poudriere is a BSD-licensed " "utility for creating and testing FreeBSD packages. It uses FreeBSD jails to " @@ -15872,7 +15974,7 @@ "用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10260 +#: book.translate.xml:10326 msgid "" "Poudriere is installed using the ports-mgmt/poudriere package or port. The installation " @@ -15887,7 +15989,7 @@ "的設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10268 +#: book.translate.xml:10334 msgid "" "While ZFS is not required on the system running " "poudriere, it is beneficial. When ZFSRAM or swap space. If virtual memory runs out, compiling " -"jails will stop and be torn down, resulting in weird error messages." +"will run in parallel. Supply enough virtual memory, either with " +"RAM or swap space. If virtual memory runs out, the " +"compilation jails will stop and be torn down, resulting in weird error " +"messages." msgstr "" -"偵測到的處理器數量可用來定義要同時執行多少個編譯。並請給予足夠的虛擬記憶體，" -"不論是 RAM 或交換空間，若虛擬記憶體不足，編譯 Jail 將會停" -"止並被清除，可能會造成奇怪的錯誤訊息。" +"偵測到的處理器數量可用來定義要同時執行多少個編譯。並給予足夠的虛擬記憶體，不" +"論是 RAM 或交換空間，若虛擬記憶體不足，編譯 Jail 的動作將" +"會停止並被清除，會造成奇怪的錯誤訊息。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10289 +#: book.translate.xml:10355 msgid "Initialize Jails and Port Trees" msgstr "初始化 Jail 與 Port 樹" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10291 +#: book.translate.xml:10357 msgid "" "After configuration, initialize poudriere so that " "it installs a jail with the required FreeBSD tree and a ports tree. Specify " @@ -15946,7 +16049,7 @@ "構。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10301 +#: book.translate.xml:10367 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# poudriere jail -c -j 10amd64 -v 10.0-RELEASE\n" @@ -15968,7 +16071,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10318 +#: book.translate.xml:10384 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# poudriere ports -c -p local\n" @@ -16003,7 +16106,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10348 +#: book.translate.xml:10414 msgid "" "On a single computer, poudriere can build ports " "with multiple configurations, in multiple jails, and from different port " @@ -16021,7 +16124,7 @@ "citerefentry> 中的 CUSTOMIZATION 章節來取得詳細的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10357 +#: book.translate.xml:10423 msgid "" "The basic configuration shown here puts a single jail-, port-, and set-" "specific make.conf in /usr/local/etc/" @@ -16039,7 +16142,7 @@ "併為編譯 Jail 要使用的 make.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10367 +#: book.translate.xml:10433 msgid "" "Packages to be built are entered in 10amd64-local-" "workstation-pkglist:" @@ -16048,7 +16151,7 @@ "replaceable>-pkglist：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:10370 +#: book.translate.xml:10436 #, no-wrap msgid "" "editors/emacs\n" @@ -16058,50 +16161,53 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10375 +#: book.translate.xml:10441 msgid "Options and dependencies for the specified ports are configured:" msgstr "可使用以下方式設定選項及相依：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10378 +#: book.translate.xml:10444 #, no-wrap msgid "# poudriere options -j 10amd64 -p local -z workstation -f 10amd64-local-workstation-pkglist" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10380 +#: book.translate.xml:10446 msgid "Finally, packages are built and a package repository is created:" msgstr "最後，編譯套件並建立套件檔案庫：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10383 +#: book.translate.xml:10449 #, no-wrap msgid "# poudriere bulk -j 10amd64 -p local -z workstation -f 10amd64-local-workstation-pkglist" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10385 +#: book.translate.xml:10451 msgid "" -"Ctrlt displays the current state of the build. Poudriere also builds files in /poudriere/logs/bulk/" -"jailname that can be used with a web " -"server to display build information." +"While running, pressing Ctrlt displays the current state of the " +"build. Poudriere also builds files in /" +"poudriere/logs/bulk/jailname that can " +"be used with a web server to display build information." msgstr "" -"Ctrlt 可以顯示目前編譯的狀態，Poudriere 也會編" -"譯在 /poudriere/logs/bulk/jailname 中的檔案，可用在網頁伺服器來顯示編譯資訊。" +"在執行時，按下 Ctrlt 可以顯示目前編譯的狀態，Poudriere 也會編譯在 /poudriere/logs/bulk/" +"jailname 中的檔案，可用在網頁伺服器來顯" +"示編譯資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10392 +#: book.translate.xml:10458 msgid "" -"Packages are now available for installation from the poudriere repository." -msgstr "套件現在可以從 poudriere 檔案庫來安裝。" +"After completion, the new packages are now available for installation from " +"the poudriere repository." +msgstr "" +"完成之後，新套件現在可以從 poudriere 檔案庫來安" +"裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10396 +#: book.translate.xml:10462 msgid "" "For more information on using poudriere, see " "poudriere。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10401 +#: book.translate.xml:10467 msgid "Configuring pkg Clients to Use a Poudriere Repository" msgstr "設定 pkg 客戶端使用 Poudriere 檔案庫" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10404 +#: book.translate.xml:10470 msgid "" "While it is possible to use both a custom repository along side of the " "official repository, sometimes it is useful to disable the official " @@ -16132,7 +16238,7 @@ "etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf 包含以下內容：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10412 +#: book.translate.xml:10478 #, no-wrap msgid "" "FreeBSD: {\n" @@ -16141,21 +16247,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10416 +#: book.translate.xml:10482 msgid "" "Usually it is easiest to serve a poudriere repository to the client machines " -"via HTTP. Setup a webserver to serve up the package directory, usually " -"something like: /usr/local/poudriere/data/packages/" -"10amd64. Where 10amd64/usr/local/poudriere/data/packages/10amd64, where 10amd64 is the name of the build." msgstr "" -"通常最簡單要提供 poudriere 給客戶端的方式是透過 HTTP。安裝一個網頁伺服器來提" -"供套件目錄，通常會像：/usr/local/poudriere/data/packages/" +"通常最簡單要提供 poudriere 檔案庫給客戶端的方式是透過 HTTP。安裝一個網頁伺服" +"器來提供套件目錄，通常會像：/usr/local/poudriere/data/packages/" "10amd64，其中 10amd64 是編譯的名稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10423 +#: book.translate.xml:10489 msgid "" "If the URL to the package repository is: http://pkg.example." "com/10amd64, then the repository configuration file in /" @@ -16166,7 +16272,7 @@ "案庫設定檔為：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10429 +#: book.translate.xml:10495 #, no-wrap msgid "" "custom: {\n" @@ -16176,12 +16282,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10437 +#: book.translate.xml:10503 msgid "Post-Installation Considerations" msgstr "安裝後的注意事項" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10439 +#: book.translate.xml:10505 msgid "" "Regardless of whether the software was installed from a binary package or " "port, most third-party applications require some level of configuration " @@ -16192,10 +16298,10 @@ "設定，下列指令與位置可以用來協助找到應用程式安裝了什麼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10447 +#: book.translate.xml:10513 msgid "" "Most applications install at least one default configuration file in " -"/usr/local/etc. In the case where an application has a " +"/usr/local/etc. In cases where an application has a " "large number of configuration files, a subdirectory will be created to hold " "them. Often, sample configuration files are installed which end with a " "suffix such as .sample. The configuration files should " @@ -16203,13 +16309,13 @@ "file, first copy it without the .sample extension." msgstr "" "大部份應用程式安裝會在 /usr/local/etc 安裝至少一個預設的" -"設定檔，在應用程式有大量設定檔的情況會建立一個子目錄來存放這些設定檔。範例的" -"設定檔名通常會使用 .sample 結尾，應要檢查這些檔案的內" -"容，並可能要做一些編輯讓設定檔符合系統的需求，要編輯設定檔範本前需先複製該檔" -"案並去除 .sample 副檔名。" +"設定檔，若應用程式有大量設定檔的時則會建立一個子目錄來存放這些設定檔。範例的" +"設定檔案名稱通常使用 .sample 結尾，設定檔應要仔細查看並" +"可能要做一些編輯讓設定檔符合系統的需求，要編輯設定檔範本前需先複製該檔案並去" +"除 .sample 副檔名。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10460 +#: book.translate.xml:10526 msgid "" "Applications which provide documentation will install it into /usr/" "local/share/doc and many applications also install manual pages. " @@ -16219,7 +16325,7 @@ "應用程式也同時會安裝操作手冊，在繼續使用應用程式前應先查看這些文件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10467 +#: book.translate.xml:10533 msgid "" "Some applications run services which must be added to /etc/rc." "conf before starting the application. These applications usually " @@ -16232,8 +16338,18 @@ "local/etc/rc.d，請參考 啟動服務 來取得更多資訊。" +#. (itstool) path: note/para +#: book.translate.xml:10541 +msgid "" +"By design, applications do not run their startup script upon installation, " +"nor do they run their stop script upon deinstallation or upgrade. This " +"decision is left to the individual system administrator." +msgstr "" +"依設計，應用程式不會在安裝時執行其啟動 Script，也不會在解除安裝或升級時執行其" +"中止 Script，這留給各系統的管理者去做決定。" + #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10476 +#: book.translate.xml:10550 msgid "" "Users of csh1 should run rehash to rebuild " @@ -16244,7 +16360,7 @@ "單到 Shell 的 PATH。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10482 +#: book.translate.xml:10556 msgid "" "Use pkg info to determine which files, man pages, and " "binaries were installed with the application." @@ -16253,17 +16369,17 @@ "Binary。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10490 +#: book.translate.xml:10564 msgid "Dealing with Broken Ports" msgstr "處理損壞的 Port" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10492 +#: book.translate.xml:10566 msgid "When a port does not build or install, try the following:" msgstr "當發現某個 Port 無法順利編譯或安裝，可以嘗試以下幾種方法解決：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10497 +#: book.translate.xml:10571 msgid "" "Search to see if there is a fix pending for the port in the Problem Report database. If so, " @@ -16273,7 +16389,7 @@ "link> 看該 Port 有沒有待審核的修正，若有的話可以使用該修正來修正問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10504 +#: book.translate.xml:10578 msgid "" "Ask the maintainer of the port for help. Type make maintainer in the ports skeleton or read the port's Makefile 中的 $FreeBSD: 一整行及輸出的錯誤訊息。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:10514 +#: book.translate.xml:10588 msgid "" -"Some ports are not maintained by an individual but instead by a mailing list. Many, but not all, of these addresses " -"look like freebsd-listname@FreeBSD.org. Take " -"this into account when sending an email." +"Some ports are not maintained by an individual but instead by a group " +"maintainer represented by a mailing list. " +"Many, but not all, of these addresses look like freebsd-listname@FreeBSD.org. Please " +"take this into account when sending an email." msgstr "" "有一些 Port 並非由個人維護，而是由 郵遞論壇 維" -"護，只要郵件地址長的像 freebsd-listname@FreeBSD.org 都是，寄信時記得代入實際的論壇名稱。" +"護，有許多，但並非全部，只要郵件地址長的像 freebsd-" +"listname@FreeBSD.org 都是，寄信時記得代入實際的論壇名稱。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:10520 +#: book.translate.xml:10594 msgid "" -"In particular, ports shown as maintained by ports@FreeBSD.org are not maintained by a specific individual. " -"Instead, any fixes and support come from the general community who subscribe " -"to that mailing list. More volunteers are always needed!" +"In particular, ports maintained by ports@FreeBSD.org are not maintained by a specific individual. Instead, any fixes and " +"support come from the general community who subscribe to that mailing list. " +"More volunteers are always needed!" msgstr "" -"尤其是顯示 ports@FreeBSD.org 的 Port 都不是" -"由特定個人維護，該 Port 的修正與支援來自訂閱該郵遞論壇的一般社群所提供，我們" -"非常歡迎志工參與。" +"尤其是由 ports@FreeBSD.org 所維護的 Port 都" +"不是由特定個人維護，而該 Port 的修正與支援都是來自訂閱該郵遞論壇的一般社群所" +"提供，我們隨時歡迎志工參與!" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10528 +#: book.translate.xml:10602 msgid "" "If there is no response to the email, use Bugzilla to submit a bug report " "using the instructions in 的說明使用 Bugzilla 提出問題回報。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10535 +#: book.translate.xml:10609 msgid "" "Fix it! The Porter's Handbook includes detailed " @@ -16338,7 +16455,7 @@ "詳細資訊，可提供資訊讓您可修正偶然損壞的 Port 或甚至您可以提交之自己的 Port。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10542 +#: book.translate.xml:10616 msgid "" "Install the package instead of the port using the instructions in ." @@ -16347,12 +16464,12 @@ "安裝。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:10572 +#: book.translate.xml:10646 msgid "The X Window System" msgstr "X Window 系統" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10577 +#: book.translate.xml:10651 msgid "" "An installation of FreeBSD using bsdinstall does " "not automatically install a graphical user interface. This chapter describes " @@ -16367,19 +16484,18 @@ "面環境或視窗管理程式。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:10586 +#: book.translate.xml:10660 msgid "" "Users who prefer an installation method that automatically configures the " "Xorg and offers a choice of window managers " -"during installation should refer to the pcbsd.org website." +"during installation should refer to the website." msgstr "" "偏好安裝時會自動設定 Xorg 並且在安裝過程提供視窗管" -"理程式選項的使用者請參考 pcbsd." -"org 網站。" +"理程式選項的使用者請參考 網站。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10593 +#: book.translate.xml:10667 msgid "" "For more information on the video hardware that Xorg supports, refer to the x." @@ -16389,18 +16505,18 @@ "xlink:href=\"http://www.x.org/\">x.org 網站。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10600 +#: book.translate.xml:10674 msgid "" "The various components of the X Window System, and how they interoperate." msgstr "組成 X Window 系統的各種元件以及它們是如何相互運作。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10605 +#: book.translate.xml:10679 msgid "How to install and configure Xorg." msgstr "如何安裝並設定 Xorg。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10610 +#: book.translate.xml:10684 msgid "" "How to install and configure several window managers and desktop " "environments." @@ -16407,7 +16523,7 @@ msgstr "如何安裝並設定各種視窗管理程式與桌面環境。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10615 +#: book.translate.xml:10689 msgid "" "How to use TrueType fonts in " "Xorg." @@ -16416,7 +16532,7 @@ "\">TrueType 字型。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10620 +#: book.translate.xml:10694 msgid "" "How to set up your system for graphical logins (XDM)." @@ -16423,7 +16539,7 @@ msgstr "如何設定系統以使用圖形化登入 (XDM)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10629 +#: book.translate.xml:10703 msgid "" "Know how to install additional third-party software as described in ." @@ -16430,12 +16546,12 @@ msgstr "了解如何依照 說明安裝其他第三方軟體。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10636 +#: book.translate.xml:10710 msgid "Terminology" msgstr "術語" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10638 +#: book.translate.xml:10712 msgid "" "While it is not necessary to understand all of the details of the various " "components in the X Window System and how they interact, some basic " @@ -16445,12 +16561,12 @@ "會更容易上手。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10645 +#: book.translate.xml:10719 msgid "X server" msgstr "X 伺服器 (X Server)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10648 +#: book.translate.xml:10722 msgid "" "X was designed from the beginning to be network-centric, and adopts a " "client-server model. In this model, the X serverX 客戶端 才是在桌機上面執行，實際上卻是相反。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10665 +#: book.translate.xml:10739 msgid "X client" msgstr "X 客戶端 (X Client)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10668 +#: book.translate.xml:10742 msgid "" "Each X application, such as XTerm or " "Firefox, is a client. A client " @@ -16490,7 +16606,7 @@ "者剛點選了確定按鈕。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10677 +#: book.translate.xml:10751 msgid "" "In a home or small office environment, the X server and the X clients " "commonly run on the same computer. It is also possible to run the X server " @@ -16503,12 +16619,12 @@ "式。 在這種情景，X 客戶端與伺服器之間的溝通就需透過網路來進行。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10687 +#: book.translate.xml:10761 msgid "window manager" msgstr "視窗管理程式 (Window Manager)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10690 +#: book.translate.xml:10764 msgid "" "X does not dictate what windows should look like on-screen, how to move them " "around with the mouse, which keystrokes should be used to move between " @@ -16532,7 +16648,7 @@ "集的 x11-wm 分類找到。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10706 +#: book.translate.xml:10780 msgid "" "Each window manager uses a different configuration mechanism. Some expect " "configuration file written by hand while others provide graphical tools for " @@ -16542,12 +16658,12 @@ "過圖型化工具來完成大部分的設定工作。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10714 +#: book.translate.xml:10788 msgid "desktop environment" msgstr "桌面環境 (Desktop Environment)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10717 +#: book.translate.xml:10791 msgid "" "KDE and GNOME are " "considered to be desktop environments as they include an entire suite of " @@ -16559,12 +16675,12 @@ "網頁瀏覽器及遊戲。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10726 +#: book.translate.xml:10800 msgid "focus policy" msgstr "聚焦政策 (Focus Policy)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10729 +#: book.translate.xml:10803 msgid "" "The window manager is responsible for the mouse focus policy. This policy " "provides some means for choosing which window is actively receiving " @@ -16575,7 +16691,7 @@ "入的視窗。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10735 +#: book.translate.xml:10809 msgid "" "One focus policy is called click-to-focus. In this model, a " "window becomes active upon receiving a mouse click. In the focus-" @@ -16601,7 +16717,7 @@ "收。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10753 +#: book.translate.xml:10827 msgid "" "Different window managers support different focus models. All of them " "support click-to-focus, and the majority of them also support other " @@ -16612,12 +16728,12 @@ "支援其他模式，請查看視窗管理程式的說明文件來了解可用的聚焦模式。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10762 +#: book.translate.xml:10836 msgid "widgets" msgstr "視窗元件 (Widget)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10765 +#: book.translate.xml:10839 msgid "" "Widget is a term for all of the items in the user interface that can be " "clicked or manipulated in some way. This includes buttons, check boxes, " @@ -16636,12 +16752,12 @@ "觀。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10782 +#: book.translate.xml:10856 msgid "Installing Xorg" msgstr "安裝 Xorg" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10784 +#: book.translate.xml:10858 msgid "" "On FreeBSD, Xorg can be installed as a package or " "port." @@ -16648,42 +16764,43 @@ msgstr "在 FreeBSD，Xorg 可透過套件或 Port 來安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10787 -msgid "To build and install from the Ports Collection:" -msgstr "要從 Port 套件集編譯與安裝：" +#: book.translate.xml:10861 +msgid "" +"The binary package can be installed quickly but with fewer options for " +"customization:" +msgstr "使用 Binary 套件的安裝速度較快，但可用的自訂選項較少：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10789 +#: book.translate.xml:10864 #, no-wrap -msgid "" -"# cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg\n" -"# make install clean" +msgid "# pkg install xorg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10792 -msgid "" -"The binary package can be installed more quickly but with fewer options for " -"customization:" -msgstr "使用 Binary 套件安裝快速，但可用的自訂選項較少：" +#: book.translate.xml:10866 +msgid "To build and install from the Ports Collection:" +msgstr "要從 Port 套件集編譯與安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10795 +#: book.translate.xml:10868 #, no-wrap -msgid "# pkg install xorg" +msgid "" +"# cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg\n" +"# make install clean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10797 +#: book.translate.xml:10871 msgid "" "Either of these installations results in the complete Xorg system being installed. This is the best option for most users." +"application> system being installed. Binary packages are the best option for " +"most users." msgstr "" -"兩種安裝方式皆可完整安裝 Xorg 系統。此方式較建議大" -"多數使用者。" +"兩種安裝方式皆可完整安裝 Xorg 系統，對大多數使用者" +"較建議使用 Binary 套件安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10801 +#: book.translate.xml:10875 msgid "" "A smaller version of the X system suitable for experienced users is " "available in x11/xorg-minimal. Most of the documents, " @@ -16695,12 +16812,12 @@ "程式會需要這些額外的元件才能運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10809 +#: book.translate.xml:10883 msgid "Xorg Configuration" msgstr "Xorg 設定" #. (itstool) path: info/author -#: book.translate.xml:10812 +#: book.translate.xml:10886 msgid "" " Warren Block Originally contributed by" @@ -16707,33 +16824,43 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:10821 +#: book.translate.xml:10895 msgid "Xorg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:10822 +#: book.translate.xml:10896 msgid "Xorg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10825 book.translate.xml:16809 book.translate.xml:62380 +#: book.translate.xml:10899 book.translate.xml:16926 book.translate.xml:62497 msgid "Quick Start" msgstr "快速開始" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10827 +#: book.translate.xml:10901 msgid "" "Xorg supports most common video cards, keyboards, " -"and pointing devices. These devices are automatically detected and do not " -"require any manual configuration." +"and pointing devices." msgstr "" -"Xorg 支援大多數常見的顯示卡、鍵盤以及指標裝置，" -"Xorg 會自動偵測這些裝置，並不需要手動設定。" +"Xorg 支援大多數常見的顯示卡、鍵盤以及指標裝置。" +#. (itstool) path: tip/para +#: book.translate.xml:10905 +msgid "" +"Video cards, monitors, and input devices are automatically detected and do " +"not require any manual configuration. Do not create xorg.conf or run a step unless automatic " +"configuration fails." +msgstr "" +"顯示卡、顯示器以及輸入裝置會自動偵測，無須任何手動設置。除非自動設置失敗，否" +"則請勿建立 xorg.conf 或執行 " +"步驟。" + #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:10834 +#: book.translate.xml:10914 msgid "" "If Xorg has been used on this computer before, " "move or remove any existing configuration files:" @@ -16742,7 +16869,7 @@ "名或移除：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10838 +#: book.translate.xml:10918 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf ~/xorg.conf.etc\n" @@ -16750,7 +16877,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:10843 +#: book.translate.xml:10923 msgid "" "Add the user who will run Xorg to the " "video or wheel group to enable 3D " @@ -16762,13 +16889,13 @@ "使用者 jru 到任一個可用的群組：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10851 +#: book.translate.xml:10931 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod video -m jru || pw groupmod wheel -m jru" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:10855 +#: book.translate.xml:10935 msgid "" "The TWM window manager is included by default. It is " "started when Xorg starts:" @@ -16777,13 +16904,13 @@ "application> 時便會啟動該視窗管理程式：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10859 +#: book.translate.xml:10939 #, no-wrap msgid "% startx" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:10863 +#: book.translate.xml:10943 msgid "" "On some older versions of FreeBSD, the system console must be set to " "vt4 才可正常運作，請參考 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10872 +#: book.translate.xml:10952 msgid "User Group for Accelerated Video" msgstr "可加速影像處理的使用者群組" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10874 +#: book.translate.xml:10954 msgid "" "Access to /dev/dri is needed to allow 3D acceleration " "on video cards. It is usually simplest to add the user who will be running X " @@ -16818,18 +16945,18 @@ "video 則會加入 wheel 群組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10884 +#: book.translate.xml:10964 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod video -m slurms || pw groupmod wheel -m slurms" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10888 +#: book.translate.xml:10968 msgid "Kernel Mode Setting (KMS)" msgstr "核心模式設定 (Kernel Mode Setting, KMS)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10890 +#: book.translate.xml:10970 msgid "" "When the computer switches from displaying the console to a higher screen " "resolution for X, it must set the video output mode. " @@ -16852,7 +16979,7 @@ "citerefentry> Console 可避免這個問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10901 +#: book.translate.xml:10981 msgid "" "Add this line to /boot/loader.conf to enable " "vt4：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:10904 +#: book.translate.xml:10984 #, no-wrap msgid "kern.vty=vt" msgstr "" @@ -16871,13 +16998,20 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: sect1/title #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:10908 book.translate.xml:20944 book.translate.xml:31505 -#: book.translate.xml:45369 book.translate.xml:55530 +#: book.translate.xml:10988 book.translate.xml:21061 book.translate.xml:31622 +#: book.translate.xml:45486 book.translate.xml:55647 msgid "Configuration Files" msgstr "設定檔" +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:10990 +msgid "" +"Manual configuration is usually not necessary. Please do not manually create " +"configuration files unless autoconfiguration does not work." +msgstr "通常不需要做手動設置，除非自動設置無法運作，否則請不要手動建立設定檔。" + #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10913 +#: book.translate.xml:10997 msgid "" "Xorg looks in several directories for " "configuration files. /usr/local/etc/X11/ is the " @@ -16889,7 +17023,7 @@ "可以幫助將應用程式檔案與作業系統檔案分離。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10920 +#: book.translate.xml:11004 msgid "" "Storing configuration files in the legacy /etc/X11/ " "still works. However, this mixes application files with the base FreeBSD " @@ -16899,12 +17033,12 @@ "程式檔案與基礎 FreeBSD 檔案混合在一起存放。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:10927 +#: book.translate.xml:11011 msgid "Single or Multiple Files" msgstr "單檔或多檔" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10929 +#: book.translate.xml:11013 msgid "" "It is easier to use multiple files that each configure a specific setting " "than the traditional single xorg.conf. These files are " @@ -16918,12 +17052,12 @@ "d/。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10937 +#: book.translate.xml:11021 msgid "Examples of these files are shown later in this section." msgstr "於本節稍後會有這些檔案的範例。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10940 +#: book.translate.xml:11024 msgid "" "The traditional single xorg.conf still works, but is " "neither as clear nor as flexible as multiple files in the xorg." @@ -16933,17 +17067,17 @@ "xorg.conf.d/ 子目錄中的多檔設定方式較不明瞭且沒有彈性。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10948 +#: book.translate.xml:11032 msgid "Video Cards" msgstr "顯示卡" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10952 +#: book.translate.xml:11036 msgid "Intel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10955 +#: book.translate.xml:11039 msgid "" "3D acceleration is supported on most Intel graphics up to Ivy Bridge (HD Graphics 2500, 4000, and P4000), " @@ -16954,12 +17088,12 @@ "(HD Graphics) 與 Sandy Bridge (HD Graphics 2000)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10960 +#: book.translate.xml:11044 msgid "Driver name: intel" msgstr "驅動程式名稱：intel" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10962 +#: book.translate.xml:11046 msgid "" "For reference, see ." @@ -16968,12 +17102,12 @@ "List_of_Intel_graphics_processing_units\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10967 +#: book.translate.xml:11051 msgid "AMD Radeon" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10970 +#: book.translate.xml:11054 msgid "" "2D and 3D acceleration is supported on Radeon cards up to and including the " "HD6000 series." @@ -16980,12 +17114,12 @@ msgstr "Radeon 顯示卡支援 2D 及 3D 加速，最新到 HD6000 系列。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10973 +#: book.translate.xml:11057 msgid "Driver name: radeon" msgstr "驅動程式名稱：radeon" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10975 +#: book.translate.xml:11059 msgid "" "For reference, see ." @@ -16994,12 +17128,12 @@ "List_of_AMD_graphics_processing_units\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10980 +#: book.translate.xml:11064 msgid "NVIDIA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10983 +#: book.translate.xml:11067 msgid "" "Several NVIDIA drivers are available in the x11 " "category of the Ports Collection. Install the driver that matches the video " @@ -17009,7 +17143,7 @@ "得，請安裝其中與顯示卡相符的驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10988 +#: book.translate.xml:11072 msgid "" "For reference, see ." @@ -17018,12 +17152,12 @@ "List_of_Nvidia_graphics_processing_units\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10993 +#: book.translate.xml:11077 msgid "Hybrid Combination Graphics" msgstr "混合組合繪圖晶片" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10996 +#: book.translate.xml:11080 msgid "" "Some notebook computers add additional graphics processing units to those " "built into the chipset or processor. Optimus combines " @@ -17043,7 +17177,7 @@ "acronym>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11005 +#: book.translate.xml:11089 msgid "" "Implementations of these hybrid graphics systems vary, and " "Xorg on FreeBSD is not able to drive all versions " @@ -17053,7 +17187,7 @@ "尚無法驅動所有的混合繪圖系統版本。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11009 +#: book.translate.xml:11093 msgid "" "Some computers provide a BIOS option to disable one of " "the graphics adapters or select a discrete mode which " @@ -17070,7 +17204,7 @@ "class=\"registered\">Intel 驅動程式驅動。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11018 +#: book.translate.xml:11102 msgid "" "BIOS settings depend on the model of computer. In some " "situations, both GPUs can be left enabled, but creating a " @@ -17082,12 +17216,12 @@ "literal> 節只使用主要的 GPU 便能讓系統運作。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11029 +#: book.translate.xml:11113 msgid "Other Video Cards" msgstr "其他顯示卡" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11032 +#: book.translate.xml:11116 msgid "" "Drivers for some less-common video cards can be found in the x11-" "drivers directory of the Ports Collection." @@ -17096,7 +17230,7 @@ "目錄找到。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11036 +#: book.translate.xml:11120 msgid "" "Cards that are not supported by a specific driver might still be usable with " "the x11-drivers/xf86-video-vesa driver. This driver is " @@ -17112,7 +17246,7 @@ "式來驅動顯示卡。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11046 +#: book.translate.xml:11130 msgid "" "x11-drivers/xf86-video-scfb is a similar nonspecialized " "video driver that works on many UEFI and 的電腦上運作。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11053 +#: book.translate.xml:11137 msgid "Setting the Video Driver in a File" msgstr "在檔案中設定影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11056 +#: book.translate.xml:11140 msgid "" "To set the Intel driver in a " "configuration file:" @@ -17137,7 +17271,7 @@ "式：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11060 +#: book.translate.xml:11144 msgid "" "Select Intel Video Driver in a " "File" @@ -17145,12 +17279,12 @@ "在單檔中選擇 Intel 影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11062 +#: book.translate.xml:11146 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-intel.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11064 +#: book.translate.xml:11148 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -17161,7 +17295,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11070 +#: book.translate.xml:11154 msgid "" "If more than one video card is present, the BusID " "identifier can be uncommented and set to select the desired card. A list of " @@ -17173,22 +17307,22 @@ "lv | grep -B3 display 取得。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11078 +#: book.translate.xml:11162 msgid "To set the Radeon driver in a configuration file:" msgstr "要在設定檔設定使用 Radeon 驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11082 +#: book.translate.xml:11166 msgid "Select Radeon Video Driver in a File" msgstr "在單檔中選擇 Radeon 影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11084 +#: book.translate.xml:11168 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-radeon.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11086 +#: book.translate.xml:11170 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -17198,22 +17332,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11092 +#: book.translate.xml:11176 msgid "To set the VESA driver in a configuration file:" msgstr "要在設定檔設定使用 VESA 驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11096 +#: book.translate.xml:11180 msgid "Select VESA Video Driver in a File" msgstr "在單檔中選擇 VESA 影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11099 +#: book.translate.xml:11183 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-vesa.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11101 +#: book.translate.xml:11185 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -17223,7 +17357,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11107 +#: book.translate.xml:11191 msgid "" "To set the scfb driver for use with a UEFI or ARM computer:" @@ -17232,17 +17366,17 @@ "trademark> 電腦使用 scfb 驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11111 +#: book.translate.xml:11195 msgid "Select scfb Video Driver in a File" msgstr "在單檔中選擇 scfb 影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11114 +#: book.translate.xml:11198 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-scfb.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11116 +#: book.translate.xml:11200 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -17252,12 +17386,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11127 +#: book.translate.xml:11211 msgid "Monitors" msgstr "顯示器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11129 +#: book.translate.xml:11213 msgid "" "Almost all monitors support the Extended Display Identification Data " "standard (EDID). Xorg uses " @@ -17271,7 +17405,7 @@ "適合的設定組合使用該顯示器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11137 +#: book.translate.xml:11221 msgid "" "Other resolutions supported by the monitor can be chosen by setting the " "desired resolution in configuration files, or after the X server has been " @@ -17283,7 +17417,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11144 +#: book.translate.xml:11228 msgid "" "Using xrandr1" @@ -17292,7 +17426,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11147 +#: book.translate.xml:11231 msgid "" "Run xrandr1 without any parameters " @@ -17303,7 +17437,7 @@ "輸出及已偵測到的顯示器模式清單：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11150 +#: book.translate.xml:11234 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% xrandr\n" @@ -17324,7 +17458,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11166 +#: book.translate.xml:11250 msgid "" "This shows that the DVI-0 output is being used to display " "a screen resolution of 1920x1200 pixels at a refresh rate of about 60 Hz. " @@ -17336,7 +17470,7 @@ "與 HDMI-0 接頭。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11173 +#: book.translate.xml:11257 msgid "" "Any of the other display modes can be selected with xrandr1% xrandr --mode 1280x1024 --rate 60" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11179 +#: book.translate.xml:11263 msgid "" "A common task is using the external video output on a notebook computer for " "a video projector." @@ -17360,7 +17494,7 @@ msgstr "在筆記型電腦使用外部顯示輸出到投影機是常見的作業。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11182 +#: book.translate.xml:11266 msgid "" "The type and quantity of output connectors varies between devices, and the " "name given to each output varies from driver to driver. What one driver " @@ -17376,7 +17510,7 @@ "citerefentry> 列出所有可用的輸出：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11190 +#: book.translate.xml:11274 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% xrandr\n" @@ -17400,7 +17534,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11209 +#: book.translate.xml:11293 msgid "" "Four outputs were found: the built-in panel LVDS1, and " "external VGA1, HDMI1, and " @@ -17410,7 +17544,7 @@ "literal>, HDMI1 以及 DP1 接頭。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11214 +#: book.translate.xml:11298 msgid "" "The projector has been connected to the VGA1 output. " "xrandr% xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --right-of LVDS1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11222 +#: book.translate.xml:11306 msgid "" "--auto chooses the resolution and refresh rate detected " "by EDID. If the resolution is not correctly detected, a " @@ -17445,7 +17579,7 @@ "可設定 --mode 1024x768。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11231 +#: book.translate.xml:11315 msgid "" "xrandr1 is often run from " @@ -17456,28 +17590,28 @@ "xinitrc 執行以在 X 啟動時設定適合的模式。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11238 +#: book.translate.xml:11322 msgid "Setting Monitor Resolution in a File" msgstr "在檔案中設定螢幕解析度" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11241 +#: book.translate.xml:11325 msgid "To set a screen resolution of 1024x768 in a configuration file:" msgstr "在設定檔設定螢幕解析度為 1024x768：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11245 +#: book.translate.xml:11329 msgid "Set Screen Resolution in a File" msgstr "在單檔中設定螢幕解析度" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11247 +#: book.translate.xml:11331 msgid "" "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/screen-resolution.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11249 +#: book.translate.xml:11333 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Screen\"\n" @@ -17490,7 +17624,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11258 +#: book.translate.xml:11342 msgid "" "The few monitors that do not have EDID can be configured " "by setting HorizSync and VertRefresh " @@ -17500,17 +17634,17 @@ "及 VertRefresh 為顯示器支援的頻率範圍。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11265 +#: book.translate.xml:11349 msgid "Manually Setting Monitor Frequencies" msgstr "手動設定顯示器頻率" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11267 +#: book.translate.xml:11351 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/monitor0-freq.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11269 +#: book.translate.xml:11353 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Monitor\"\n" @@ -17521,22 +17655,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11281 +#: book.translate.xml:11365 msgid "Input Devices" msgstr "輸入裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:11284 +#: book.translate.xml:11368 msgid "Keyboards" msgstr "鍵盤" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11288 +#: book.translate.xml:11372 msgid "Keyboard Layout" msgstr "鍵盤配置" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11291 +#: book.translate.xml:11375 msgid "" "The standardized location of keys on a keyboard is called a " "layout. Layouts and other adjustable parameters are " @@ -17548,7 +17682,7 @@ "refentrytitle>7。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11296 +#: book.translate.xml:11380 msgid "" "A United States layout is the default. To select an alternate layout, set " "the XkbLayout and XkbVariant options " @@ -17560,7 +17694,7 @@ "選項。這會套用所有符合該類別的輸入裝置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11303 +#: book.translate.xml:11387 msgid "" "This example selects a French keyboard layout with the oss variant." @@ -17567,18 +17701,18 @@ msgstr "這個例子選擇 French 鍵盤配置使用 oss 變體。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11307 +#: book.translate.xml:11391 msgid "Setting a Keyboard Layout" msgstr "設定鍵盤配置" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11309 +#: book.translate.xml:11393 msgid "" "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/keyboard-fr-oss.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11311 +#: book.translate.xml:11395 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section\t\"InputClass\"\n" @@ -17591,12 +17725,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11321 +#: book.translate.xml:11405 msgid "Setting Multiple Keyboard Layouts" msgstr "設定多個鍵盤配置" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11323 +#: book.translate.xml:11407 msgid "" "Set United States, Spanish, and Ukrainian keyboard layouts. Cycle through " "these layouts by pressing Alt " @@ -17610,13 +17744,13 @@ "強配置切換控制與目前配置的指示。" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11334 +#: book.translate.xml:11418 msgid "" "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/kbd-layout-multi.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11336 +#: book.translate.xml:11420 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section\t\"InputClass\"\n" @@ -17627,12 +17761,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11346 +#: book.translate.xml:11430 msgid "Closing Xorg From the Keyboard" msgstr "從鍵盤關閉 Xorg" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11350 +#: book.translate.xml:11434 msgid "" "X can be closed with a combination of keys. By default, that key combination " "is not set because it conflicts with keyboard commands for some " @@ -17643,17 +17777,17 @@ "指令衝突。要開啟這個選項需要更改鍵盤 InputDevice 節：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11358 +#: book.translate.xml:11442 msgid "Enabling Keyboard Exit from X" msgstr "開啟鍵盤離開 X 功能" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11360 +#: book.translate.xml:11444 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/keyboard-zap.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11362 +#: book.translate.xml:11446 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section\t\"InputClass\"\n" @@ -17665,12 +17799,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:11375 +#: book.translate.xml:11459 msgid "Mice and Pointing Devices" msgstr "滑鼠與指標裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:11377 +#: book.translate.xml:11461 msgid "" "Many mouse parameters can be adjusted with configuration options. See " "mousedrv 來取得完整清單。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11382 +#: book.translate.xml:11466 msgid "Mouse Buttons" msgstr "滑鼠按鍵" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11385 +#: book.translate.xml:11469 msgid "" "The number of buttons on a mouse can be set in the mouse " "InputDevice section of xorg.conf. To " @@ -17696,17 +17830,17 @@ "literal> 節設定，例如要設定按鍵數為 7：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11391 +#: book.translate.xml:11475 msgid "Setting the Number of Mouse Buttons" msgstr "設定滑鼠按鍵數" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11393 +#: book.translate.xml:11477 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/mouse0-buttons.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11395 +#: book.translate.xml:11479 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"InputDevice\"\n" @@ -17716,7 +17850,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11409 +#: book.translate.xml:11493 msgid "" "In some cases, Xorg autoconfiguration does not " "work with particular hardware, or a different configuration is desired. For " @@ -17725,8 +17859,15 @@ "在某些情況 Xorg 的自動設定無法在特定硬體上運作，或" "需要使用不同的設定。針對這些情況會建立自訂的設定檔。" +#. (itstool) path: warning/para +#: book.translate.xml:11499 +msgid "" +"Do not create manual configuration files unless required. Unnecessary manual " +"configuration can prevent proper operation." +msgstr "非必要請勿手動建立設定檔，非必要的手動設置會造成運作不正常。" + #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11414 +#: book.translate.xml:11504 msgid "" "A configuration file can be generated by Xorg " "based on the detected hardware. This file is often a useful starting point " @@ -17736,18 +17877,18 @@ "開始自訂設定很有幫助。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11419 +#: book.translate.xml:11509 msgid "Generating an xorg.conf:" msgstr "產生 xorg.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11421 +#: book.translate.xml:11511 #, no-wrap msgid "# Xorg -configure" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11423 +#: book.translate.xml:11513 msgid "" "The configuration file is saved to /root/xorg.conf.new. " "Make any changes desired, then test that file with:" @@ -17756,13 +17897,13 @@ "後使用以下指令測試該檔案：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11427 +#: book.translate.xml:11517 #, no-wrap msgid "# Xorg -config /root/xorg.conf.new" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11429 +#: book.translate.xml:11519 msgid "" "After the new configuration has been adjusted and tested, it can be split " "into smaller files in the normal location, /usr/local/etc/X11/xorg." @@ -17772,17 +17913,17 @@ "usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:11447 +#: book.translate.xml:11537 msgid "Using Fonts in Xorg" msgstr "在 Xorg 使用字型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11450 +#: book.translate.xml:11540 msgid "Type1 Fonts" msgstr "Type1 字型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11452 +#: book.translate.xml:11542 msgid "" "The default fonts that ship with Xorg are less " "than ideal for typical desktop publishing applications. Large presentation " @@ -17820,22 +17961,35 @@ "linkend=\"truetype\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11471 +#: book.translate.xml:11561 msgid "" -"To install the above Type1 font collections from the Ports Collection, run " -"the following commands:" -msgstr "要從 Port 套件集安裝上述的 Type1 字型集可執行以下指令：" +"To install the above Type1 font collections from binary packages, run the " +"following commands:" +msgstr "要由 Binary 套件安裝上述的 Type1 字型集可執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11474 +#: book.translate.xml:11564 #, no-wrap +msgid "# pkg install urwfonts" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:11566 msgid "" +"Alternatively, to build from the Ports Collection, run the following " +"commands:" +msgstr "或由 Port 套件集編譯，可執行以下指令：" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:11569 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/urwfonts\n" "# make install clean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11477 +#: book.translate.xml:11572 msgid "" "And likewise with the freefont or other collections. To have the X server " "detect these fonts, add an appropriate line to the X server configuration " @@ -17846,18 +18000,18 @@ "filename>)，內容為：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11482 +#: book.translate.xml:11577 #, no-wrap msgid "FontPath \"/usr/local/share/fonts/urwfonts/\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11484 +#: book.translate.xml:11579 msgid "Alternatively, at the command line in the X session run:" msgstr "或者在 X session 的指令列執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11487 +#: book.translate.xml:11582 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% xset fp+ /usr/local/share/fonts/urwfonts\n" @@ -17865,7 +18019,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11490 +#: book.translate.xml:11585 msgid "" "This will work but will be lost when the X session is closed, unless it is " "added to the startup file (~/.xinitrc for a normal " @@ -17882,22 +18036,22 @@ "範。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11502 +#: book.translate.xml:11597 msgid "TrueType Fonts" msgstr "TrueType 字型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11504 +#: book.translate.xml:11599 msgid "TrueType Fonts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11507 +#: book.translate.xml:11602 msgid "fonts TrueType" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11512 +#: book.translate.xml:11607 msgid "" "Xorg has built in support for rendering " "TrueType fonts. There are two " @@ -17914,13 +18068,13 @@ "\" section。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11520 +#: book.translate.xml:11615 #, no-wrap msgid "Load \"freetype\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11522 +#: book.translate.xml:11617 msgid "" "Now make a directory for the TrueType fonts (for example, /usr/local/share/fonts/TrueTypemkfontdir 可用套件的方式安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11536 +#: book.translate.xml:11631 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install mkfontdir" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11538 +#: book.translate.xml:11633 msgid "Then create an index of X font files in a directory:" msgstr "然後在目錄中建立 X 字型檔的索引：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11541 +#: book.translate.xml:11636 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/local/share/fonts/TrueType\n" @@ -17969,7 +18123,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11544 +#: book.translate.xml:11639 msgid "" "Now add the TrueType directory " "to the font path. This is just the same as described in 中所介紹的方式相同：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11547 +#: book.translate.xml:11642 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% xset fp+ /usr/local/share/fonts/TrueType\n" @@ -17987,7 +18141,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11550 +#: book.translate.xml:11645 msgid "" "or add a FontPath line to xorg.conf." msgstr "" @@ -17995,7 +18149,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11553 +#: book.translate.xml:11648 msgid "" "Now Gimp, Apache OpenOffice, and all of the other X applications should now recognize the " @@ -18011,22 +18165,22 @@ "application> 中) 現在會看起來比較像樣了。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11574 +#: book.translate.xml:11669 msgid "Anti-Aliased Fonts" msgstr "反鋸齒字型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11576 +#: book.translate.xml:11671 msgid "anti-aliased fonts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11579 +#: book.translate.xml:11674 msgid "fonts anti-aliased" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11584 +#: book.translate.xml:11679 msgid "" "All fonts in Xorg that are found in /" "usr/local/share/fonts/ and ~/.fonts/ are " @@ -18042,7 +18196,7 @@ "Firefox。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11593 +#: book.translate.xml:11688 msgid "" "To control which fonts are anti-aliased, or to configure anti-aliasing " "properties, create (or edit, if it already exists) the file /usr/" @@ -18059,12 +18213,12 @@ "refentrytitle>5。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11602 +#: book.translate.xml:11697 msgid "XML" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11604 +#: book.translate.xml:11699 msgid "" "This file must be in XML format. Pay careful attention to case, and make " "sure all tags are properly closed. The file begins with the usual XML header " @@ -18076,7 +18230,7 @@ "fontconfig> 標籤：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11610 +#: book.translate.xml:11705 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n" @@ -18085,7 +18239,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11614 +#: book.translate.xml:11709 msgid "" "As previously stated, all fonts in /usr/local/share/fonts/ as well as ~/.fonts/ are already made " @@ -18099,13 +18253,13 @@ "local/etc/fonts/local.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11622 +#: book.translate.xml:11717 #, no-wrap msgid "<dir>/path/to/my/fonts</dir>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11624 +#: book.translate.xml:11719 msgid "" "After adding new fonts, and especially new font directories, rebuild the " "font caches:" @@ -18112,13 +18266,13 @@ msgstr "加入新字型及額外的新字型目錄之後，需重新建立字型快取：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11628 +#: book.translate.xml:11723 #, no-wrap msgid "# fc-cache -f" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11630 +#: book.translate.xml:11725 msgid "" "Anti-aliasing makes borders slightly fuzzy, which makes very small text more " "readable and removes staircases from large text, but can " @@ -18130,7 +18284,7 @@ "的字型大小使用反鋸齒效果，可加入這些行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11637 +#: book.translate.xml:11732 #, no-wrap msgid "" " <match target=\"font\">\n" @@ -18152,12 +18306,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11654 +#: book.translate.xml:11749 msgid "fonts spacing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11659 +#: book.translate.xml:11754 msgid "" "Spacing for some monospaced fonts might also be inappropriate with anti-" "aliasing. This seems to be an issue with KDE, in " @@ -18169,7 +18323,7 @@ "入以下行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11665 +#: book.translate.xml:11760 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\t<match target=\"pattern\" name=\"family\">\n" @@ -18191,7 +18345,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11682 +#: book.translate.xml:11777 msgid "" "(this aliases the other common names for fixed fonts as \"mono\"), and then add:" @@ -18199,7 +18353,7 @@ "(這會設定等寬字型的其他常用名稱為 \"mono\")，然後加入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11685 +#: book.translate.xml:11780 #, no-wrap msgid "" " <match target=\"pattern\" name=\"family\">\n" @@ -18213,7 +18367,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11694 +#: book.translate.xml:11789 msgid "" "Certain fonts, such as Helvetica, may have a problem when anti-aliased. " "Usually this manifests itself as a font that seems cut in half vertically. " @@ -18225,7 +18379,7 @@ "local.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11700 +#: book.translate.xml:11795 #, no-wrap msgid "" " <match target=\"pattern\" name=\"family\">\n" @@ -18239,7 +18393,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11709 +#: book.translate.xml:11804 msgid "" "After editing local.conf, make certain to end the file " "with the </fontconfig> tag. Not doing this will " @@ -18249,7 +18403,7 @@ "fontconfig> 標籤結尾，若沒有使用會讓所做的更改被忽略。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11714 +#: book.translate.xml:11809 msgid "" "Users can add personalized settings by creating their own ~/." "config/fontconfig/fonts.conf. This file uses the same " @@ -18257,17 +18411,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11719 +#: book.translate.xml:11814 msgid "LCD screen" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11720 +#: book.translate.xml:11815 msgid "Fonts LCD screen" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11723 +#: book.translate.xml:11818 msgid "" "One last point: with an LCD screen, sub-pixel sampling may be desired. This " "basically treats the (horizontally separated) red, green and blue components " @@ -18281,7 +18435,7 @@ "處：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11730 +#: book.translate.xml:11825 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\t <match target=\"font\">\n" @@ -18295,7 +18449,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:11740 +#: book.translate.xml:11835 msgid "" "Depending on the sort of display, rgb may need to be " "changed to bgr, vrgb or vbgr Seth Kingsley Contributed by " @@ -18318,12 +18472,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11764 +#: book.translate.xml:11859 msgid "X Display Manager" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:11765 +#: book.translate.xml:11860 msgid "" "Xorg provides an X Display Manager, " "XDM, which can be used for login session " @@ -18337,7 +18491,7 @@ "(登入與密碼)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:11772 +#: book.translate.xml:11867 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to configure the X Display Manager on FreeBSD. " "Some desktop environments provide their own graphical login manager. Refer " @@ -18351,12 +18505,12 @@ "> 取得如何設定 KDE 顯示管理程式 (KDE Display Manager) 的操作方式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11779 +#: book.translate.xml:11874 msgid "Configuring XDM" msgstr "設定 XDM" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11781 +#: book.translate.xml:11876 msgid "" "To install XDM, use the x11/xdm package or port. Once installed, XDM can " @@ -18368,13 +18522,13 @@ "需編輯 /etc/ttys 中的此項目：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11787 +#: book.translate.xml:11882 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyv8 \"/usr/local/bin/xdm -nodaemon\" xterm off secure" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11789 +#: book.translate.xml:11884 msgid "" "Change the off to on and save the " "edit. The ttyv8 in this entry indicates that " @@ -18385,7 +18539,7 @@ "第 9 個虛擬終端機執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11794 +#: book.translate.xml:11889 msgid "" "The XDM configuration directory is located in " "/usr/local/lib/X11/xdm. This directory contains several " @@ -18406,22 +18560,22 @@ "citerefentry> 有說明。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:11804 +#: book.translate.xml:11899 msgid "XDM Configuration Files" msgstr "XDM 設定檔" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11809 book.translate.xml:55453 +#: book.translate.xml:11904 book.translate.xml:55570 msgid "File" msgstr "檔案" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11816 +#: book.translate.xml:11911 msgid "Xaccess" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11817 +#: book.translate.xml:11912 msgid "" "The protocol for connecting to XDM is called the " "X Display Manager Connection Protocol (XDMCP) This file " @@ -18435,12 +18589,12 @@ "預設此檔案並不允許任何遠端的客戶端連線。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11827 +#: book.translate.xml:11922 msgid "Xresources" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11828 +#: book.translate.xml:11923 msgid "" "This file controls the look and feel of the XDM " "display chooser and login screens. The default configuration is a simple " @@ -18455,12 +18609,12 @@ "Xorg 說明文件中說明的 app-defaults 檔相同。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11841 +#: book.translate.xml:11936 msgid "Xservers" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11842 +#: book.translate.xml:11937 msgid "" "The list of local and remote displays the chooser should provide as login " "choices." @@ -18467,12 +18621,12 @@ msgstr "登入選擇時在選擇器上要提供的本地及遠端顯示清單。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11847 +#: book.translate.xml:11942 msgid "Xsession" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11848 +#: book.translate.xml:11943 msgid "" "Default session script for logins which is run by XDM after a user has logged in. Normally each user will have a " @@ -18484,12 +18638,12 @@ "來覆蓋此 Script 的設定。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11856 +#: book.translate.xml:11951 msgid "Xsetup_*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11857 +#: book.translate.xml:11952 msgid "" "Script to automatically launch applications before displaying the chooser or " "login interfaces. There is a script for each display being used, named " @@ -18503,22 +18657,22 @@ "xconsole。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11868 +#: book.translate.xml:11963 msgid "xdm-config" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11869 +#: book.translate.xml:11964 msgid "Global configuration for all displays running on this machine." msgstr "用來設定所有在此機器上執行的顯示的全域設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11874 +#: book.translate.xml:11969 msgid "xdm-errors" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11875 +#: book.translate.xml:11970 msgid "" "Contains errors generated by the server program. If a display that " "XDM is trying to start hangs, look at this file " @@ -18530,23 +18684,23 @@ "寫入至使用者的 ~/.xsession-errors。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11884 +#: book.translate.xml:11979 msgid "xdm-pid" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11885 +#: book.translate.xml:11980 msgid "" "The running process ID of XDM." msgstr "XDM 的執行程序 ID。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11894 +#: book.translate.xml:11989 msgid "Configuring Remote Access" msgstr "設定遠端存取" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11896 +#: book.translate.xml:11991 msgid "" "By default, only users on the same system can login using XDM. To enable users on other systems to connect to the display " @@ -18556,7 +18710,7 @@ "其他系統的使用者可連線到顯示伺服器，需編輯存取控制規則及開啟連線傾聽程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11901 +#: book.translate.xml:11996 msgid "" "To configure XDM to listen for any remote " "connection, comment out the DisplayManager.requestPort " @@ -18568,7 +18722,7 @@ "requestPort 行前加上 ! 來註解該行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11907 +#: book.translate.xml:12002 #, no-wrap msgid "" "! SECURITY: do not listen for XDMCP or Chooser requests\n" @@ -18577,7 +18731,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11911 +#: book.translate.xml:12006 msgid "" "Save the edits and restart XDM. To restrict " "remote access, look at the example entries in /usr/local/lib/X11/" @@ -18591,12 +18745,12 @@ "refentrytitle>1 取得進一步資訊。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:11920 +#: book.translate.xml:12015 msgid "Desktop Environments" msgstr "桌面環境" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:11923 +#: book.translate.xml:12018 msgid "" " Valentino Vaschetto Contributed by " @@ -18603,7 +18757,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:11934 +#: book.translate.xml:12029 msgid "" "This section describes how to install three popular desktop environments on " "a FreeBSD system. A desktop environment can range from a simple window " @@ -18616,12 +18770,12 @@ "x11-wm 分類取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11942 +#: book.translate.xml:12037 msgid "GNOME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11945 +#: book.translate.xml:12040 msgid "" "GNOME is a user-friendly desktop environment. It " "includes a panel for starting applications and displaying status, a desktop, " @@ -18641,18 +18795,18 @@ "裝、設定和管理 GNOME 的額外文件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11956 +#: book.translate.xml:12051 msgid "This desktop environment can be installed from a package:" msgstr "這套桌面環境可以從套件安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11959 +#: book.translate.xml:12054 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gnome3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11961 +#: book.translate.xml:12056 msgid "" "To instead build GNOME from ports, use the " "following command. GNOME is a large application " @@ -18663,7 +18817,7 @@ "上，也會需要花費一些時間編譯。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11967 +#: book.translate.xml:12062 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome3\n" @@ -18671,7 +18825,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11970 +#: book.translate.xml:12065 msgid "" "GNOME requires /proc to be " "mounted. Add this line to /etc/fstab to mount this file " @@ -18681,13 +18835,13 @@ "行到 /etc/fstab 讓系統啟動時會自動掛載這個檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11975 book.translate.xml:12066 +#: book.translate.xml:12070 book.translate.xml:12161 #, no-wrap msgid "proc /proc procfs rw 0 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11977 +#: book.translate.xml:12072 msgid "" "GNOME uses D-Bus and " "HAL for a message bus and hardware abstraction. " @@ -18701,7 +18855,7 @@ "要在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟，這樣在系統開機時才會啟動：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11985 book.translate.xml:12076 +#: book.translate.xml:12080 book.translate.xml:12171 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dbus_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -18709,7 +18863,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11988 +#: book.translate.xml:12083 msgid "" "After installation, configure Xorg to start " "GNOME. The easiest way to do this is to enable " @@ -18724,13 +18878,13 @@ "conf 來開啟：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11997 +#: book.translate.xml:12092 #, no-wrap msgid "gdm_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11999 +#: book.translate.xml:12094 msgid "" "It is often desirable to also start all GNOME " "services. To achieve this, add a second line to /etc/rc.conf/etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12003 +#: book.translate.xml:12098 #, no-wrap msgid "gnome_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12005 +#: book.translate.xml:12100 msgid "" "GDM will start automatically when the system " "boots." @@ -18753,7 +18907,7 @@ msgstr "GDM 則會在系統開機時自動啟動。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12008 +#: book.translate.xml:12103 msgid "" "A second method for starting GNOME is to type " "startx from the command-line after configuring " @@ -18768,13 +18922,13 @@ "gnome-session。若檔案不存在，則使用以下指令建立一個：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12017 +#: book.translate.xml:12112 #, no-wrap msgid "% echo \"exec /usr/local/bin/gnome-session\" > ~/.xinitrc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12019 +#: book.translate.xml:12114 msgid "" "A third method is to use XDM as the display " "manager. In this case, create an executable ~/.xsession:" @@ -18783,7 +18937,7 @@ "需要建立一個可執行的 ~/.xsession：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12023 +#: book.translate.xml:12118 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% echo \"#!/bin/sh\" > ~/.xsession\n" @@ -18792,12 +18946,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12029 +#: book.translate.xml:12124 msgid "KDE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12033 +#: book.translate.xml:12128 msgid "" "KDE is another easy-to-use desktop environment. " "This desktop provides a suite of applications with a consistent look and " @@ -18816,18 +18970,18 @@ "freebsd.kde.org。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12042 +#: book.translate.xml:12137 msgid "To install the KDE package, type:" msgstr "要安裝 KDE 套件，請輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12045 +#: book.translate.xml:12140 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install x11/kde4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12047 +#: book.translate.xml:12142 msgid "" "To instead build the KDE port, use the following " "command. Installing the port will provide a menu for selecting which " @@ -18839,7 +18993,7 @@ "一個大型的應用程式，即使在較快的電腦上仍需要花費一段時間來編譯。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12053 +#: book.translate.xml:12148 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/x11/kde4\n" @@ -18847,12 +19001,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12056 +#: book.translate.xml:12151 msgid "KDE display manager" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12061 +#: book.translate.xml:12156 msgid "" "KDE requires /proc to be " "mounted. Add this line to /etc/fstab to mount this file " @@ -18862,7 +19016,7 @@ "到 /etc/fstab 讓系統啟動時會自動掛載這個檔案系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12068 +#: book.translate.xml:12163 msgid "" "KDE uses D-Bus and " "HAL for a message bus and hardware abstraction. " @@ -18876,7 +19030,7 @@ "/etc/rc.conf 開啟，這樣在系統開機時才會啟動：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12079 +#: book.translate.xml:12174 msgid "" "The installation of KDE includes the KDE Display " "Manager, KDM. To enable this display manager, add " @@ -18887,13 +19041,13 @@ "/etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12085 +#: book.translate.xml:12180 #, no-wrap msgid "kdm4_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12087 +#: book.translate.xml:12182 msgid "" "A second method for launching KDE is to type " "startx from the command line. For this to work, the " @@ -18904,13 +19058,13 @@ "xinitrc：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12093 +#: book.translate.xml:12188 #, no-wrap msgid "exec /usr/local/bin/startkde" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12095 +#: book.translate.xml:12190 msgid "" "A third method for starting KDE is through " "XDM. To do so, create an executable ~/." @@ -18921,7 +19075,7 @@ "filename> 如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12100 +#: book.translate.xml:12195 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% echo \"#!/bin/sh\" > ~/.xsession\n" @@ -18930,7 +19084,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12104 +#: book.translate.xml:12199 msgid "" "Once KDE is started, refer to its built-in help " "system for more information on how to use its various menus and applications." @@ -18939,12 +19093,12 @@ "如何使用各種選單及應用程式的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12110 +#: book.translate.xml:12205 msgid "Xfce" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12112 +#: book.translate.xml:12207 msgid "" "Xfce is a desktop environment based on the GTK+ " "toolkit used by GNOME. However, it is more " @@ -18965,23 +19119,23 @@ "xfce.org 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12123 +#: book.translate.xml:12218 msgid "To install the Xfce package:" msgstr "要安裝 Xfce 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12126 +#: book.translate.xml:12221 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install xfce" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12128 +#: book.translate.xml:12223 msgid "Alternatively, to build the port:" msgstr "或者使用 Port 編譯：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12130 +#: book.translate.xml:12225 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/x11-wm/xfce4\n" @@ -18989,7 +19143,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12133 +#: book.translate.xml:12228 msgid "" "Unlike GNOME or KDE, " "Xfce does not provide its own login manager. In " @@ -19003,13 +19157,13 @@ "先加入其項目到 ~/.xinitrc：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12140 +#: book.translate.xml:12235 #, no-wrap msgid "% echo \"exec /usr/local/bin/startxfce4 --with-ck-launch\" > ~/.xinitrc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12142 +#: book.translate.xml:12237 msgid "" "An alternate method is to use XDM. To configure " "this method, create an executable ~/.xsession:" @@ -19018,7 +19172,7 @@ "行的 ~/.xsession：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12146 +#: book.translate.xml:12241 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% echo \"#!/bin/sh\" > ~/.xsession\n" @@ -19027,12 +19181,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:12153 +#: book.translate.xml:12248 msgid "Installing Compiz Fusion" msgstr "安裝 Compiz Fusion" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12155 +#: book.translate.xml:12250 msgid "" "One way to make using a desktop computer more pleasant is with nice 3D " "effects." @@ -19039,7 +19193,7 @@ msgstr "要令使用桌面電腦更令人愉快的方法是用炫麗的 3D 效果。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12158 +#: book.translate.xml:12253 msgid "" "Installing the Compiz Fusion package is easy, but " "configuring it requires a few steps that are not described in the port's " @@ -19049,12 +19203,12 @@ "一些未在 Port 說明文件中說明的步驟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12163 +#: book.translate.xml:12258 msgid "Setting up the FreeBSD nVidia Driver" msgstr "設定 FreeBSD nVidia 驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12165 +#: book.translate.xml:12260 msgid "" "Desktop effects can cause quite a load on the graphics card. For an nVidia-" "based graphics card, the proprietary driver is required for good " @@ -19066,7 +19220,7 @@ "xorg.conf 設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12171 +#: book.translate.xml:12266 msgid "" "To determine which nVidia driver is needed see the FAQ " @@ -19077,7 +19231,7 @@ "與此主題相關的問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12174 +#: book.translate.xml:12269 msgid "" "Having determined the correct driver to use for your card, installation is " "as simple as installing any other package." @@ -19086,18 +19240,18 @@ "件一樣簡單。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12178 +#: book.translate.xml:12273 msgid "For example, to install the latest driver:" msgstr "例如，要安裝最新的驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12180 +#: book.translate.xml:12275 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install x11/nvidia-driver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12182 +#: book.translate.xml:12277 msgid "" "The driver will create a kernel module, which needs to be loaded at system " "startup. Add the following line to /boot/loader.conf:" @@ -19106,13 +19260,13 @@ "loader.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12186 +#: book.translate.xml:12281 #, no-wrap msgid "nvidia_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12189 +#: book.translate.xml:12284 msgid "" "To immediately load the kernel module into the running kernel by issuing a " "command like kldload nvidia, however it has been noted " @@ -19126,7 +19280,7 @@ "要重新開機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12198 +#: book.translate.xml:12293 msgid "" "With the kernel module loaded, you normally only need to change a single " "line in xorg.conf to enable the proprietary driver:" @@ -19135,29 +19289,29 @@ "啟專用的驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12202 +#: book.translate.xml:12297 msgid "Find the following line in /etc/X11/xorg.conf:" msgstr "找到 /etc/X11/xorg.conf 中的下行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12205 +#: book.translate.xml:12300 #, no-wrap msgid "Driver \"nv\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12207 +#: book.translate.xml:12302 msgid "and change it to:" msgstr "然後更改該行為：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12209 +#: book.translate.xml:12304 #, no-wrap msgid "Driver \"nvidia\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12211 +#: book.translate.xml:12306 msgid "" "Start the GUI as usual, and you should be greeted by the nVidia splash. " "Everything should work as usual." @@ -19165,12 +19319,12 @@ "如往常般啟動 GUI，您應該會看到 nVidia 的啟動畫面，其他東西應如往常般運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12216 +#: book.translate.xml:12311 msgid "Configuring xorg.conf for Desktop Effects" msgstr "設定 xorg.conf 來啟動桌面特效" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12218 +#: book.translate.xml:12313 msgid "" "To enable Compiz Fusion, /etc/X11/xorg." "conf needs to be modified:" @@ -19179,12 +19333,12 @@ "xorg.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12222 +#: book.translate.xml:12317 msgid "Add the following section to enable composite effects:" msgstr "加入以下 Section 來開啟合成特效：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12225 +#: book.translate.xml:12320 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Extensions\"\n" @@ -19193,7 +19347,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12229 +#: book.translate.xml:12324 msgid "" "Locate the Screen section which should look similar to the " "one below:" @@ -19200,7 +19354,7 @@ msgstr "找到 Screen section，長的應該如下所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12232 +#: book.translate.xml:12327 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Screen\"\n" @@ -19211,12 +19365,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12238 +#: book.translate.xml:12333 msgid "and add the following two lines (after Monitor will do):" msgstr "然後加入以下兩行 (在Monitor 之後)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12241 +#: book.translate.xml:12336 #, no-wrap msgid "" "DefaultDepth 24\n" @@ -19224,7 +19378,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12244 +#: book.translate.xml:12339 msgid "" "Locate the Subsection that refers to the screen resolution " "that you wish to use. For example, if you wish to use 1280x1024, locate the " @@ -19236,7 +19390,7 @@ "中，您可以手動加入對應的項目：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12250 +#: book.translate.xml:12345 #, no-wrap msgid "" "SubSection \"Display\"\n" @@ -19246,7 +19400,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12255 +#: book.translate.xml:12350 msgid "" "A color depth of 24 bits is needed for desktop composition, change the above " "subsection to:" @@ -19253,7 +19407,7 @@ msgstr "桌面合成需要 24 bit 的色彩深度，更改上述 Subsection 為：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12258 +#: book.translate.xml:12353 #, no-wrap msgid "" "SubSection \"Display\"\n" @@ -19264,7 +19418,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12264 +#: book.translate.xml:12359 msgid "" "Finally, confirm that the glx and extmod " "modules are loaded in the Module section:" @@ -19273,7 +19427,7 @@ "extmod 模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12268 +#: book.translate.xml:12363 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Module\"\n" @@ -19283,7 +19437,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12273 +#: book.translate.xml:12368 msgid "" "The preceding can be done automatically with x11/nvidia-xconfig by running (as root):" @@ -19292,7 +19446,7 @@ "用 root)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12277 +#: book.translate.xml:12372 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# nvidia-xconfig --add-argb-glx-visuals\n" @@ -19301,12 +19455,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12283 +#: book.translate.xml:12378 msgid "Installing and Configuring Compiz Fusion" msgstr "安裝與設定 Compiz Fusion" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12285 +#: book.translate.xml:12380 msgid "" "Installing Compiz Fusion is as simple as any " "other package:" @@ -19314,13 +19468,13 @@ "安裝 Compiz Fusion 如同安裝其他套件一樣簡單：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12288 +#: book.translate.xml:12383 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install x11-wm/compiz-fusion" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12290 +#: book.translate.xml:12385 msgid "" "When the installation is finished, start your graphic desktop and at a " "terminal, enter the following commands (as a normal user):" @@ -19329,7 +19483,7 @@ "用者)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12294 +#: book.translate.xml:12389 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% compiz --replace --sm-disable --ignore-desktop-hints ccp &\n" @@ -19337,7 +19491,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12297 +#: book.translate.xml:12392 msgid "" "Your screen will flicker for a few seconds, as your window manager (e.g. " "Metacity if you are using GNOMESessions in a " @@ -19361,7 +19515,7 @@ "GNOME 桌面的 Sessions 中)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12310 +#: book.translate.xml:12405 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#! /bin/sh\n" @@ -19370,7 +19524,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12314 +#: book.translate.xml:12409 msgid "" "Save this in your home directory as, for example, start-compiz and make it executable:" @@ -19379,13 +19533,13 @@ "filename>，然後讓該檔案可以執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12318 +#: book.translate.xml:12413 #, no-wrap msgid "% chmod +x ~/start-compiz" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12320 +#: book.translate.xml:12415 msgid "" "Then use the GUI to add it to Startup Programs " "(located in System, Preferences, 工作階段 Sessions)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12327 +#: book.translate.xml:12422 msgid "" "To actually select all the desired effects and their settings, execute " "(again as a normal user) the Compiz Config Settings ManagerCompiz Config Settings Manager：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12331 +#: book.translate.xml:12426 #, no-wrap msgid "% ccsm" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12334 +#: book.translate.xml:12429 msgid "" "In GNOME, this can also be found in the " "System, Preferences " @@ -19424,7 +19578,7 @@ "guimenuitem>, 偏好設定 Preferences 選單中找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12339 +#: book.translate.xml:12434 msgid "" "If you have selected gconf support during the build, you will " "also be able to view these settings using gconf-editor " @@ -19434,7 +19588,7 @@ "editor 在 apps/compiz 下查看設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12350 +#: book.translate.xml:12445 msgid "" "If the mouse does not work, you will need to first configure it before " "proceeding. In recent Xorg versions, the " @@ -19450,13 +19604,13 @@ "section：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12359 +#: book.translate.xml:12454 #, no-wrap msgid "Option \"AutoAddDevices\" \"false\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12361 +#: book.translate.xml:12456 msgid "" "Input devices may then be configured as in previous versions, along with any " "other options needed (e.g., keyboard layout switching)." @@ -19464,7 +19618,7 @@ "輸入裝置便可如先前版本一樣設定，連同其他所需的選項 (如：切換鍵盤配置)。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12366 +#: book.translate.xml:12461 msgid "" "As previously explained the hald daemon will, by " "default, automatically detect your keyboard. There are chances that your " @@ -19485,7 +19639,7 @@ "協助來直接設定鍵盤屬性。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12378 +#: book.translate.xml:12473 msgid "" "For example if, one wants to use a PC 102 keys keyboard coming with a french " "layout, we have to create a keyboard configuration file for " @@ -19499,7 +19653,7 @@ "fdi/policy 目錄。這個檔案中應要有以下幾行：" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12386 +#: book.translate.xml:12481 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"iso-8859-1\"?>\n" @@ -19514,7 +19668,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12396 +#: book.translate.xml:12491 msgid "" "If this file already exists, just copy and add to your file the lines " "regarding the keyboard configuration." @@ -19521,7 +19675,7 @@ msgstr "若這個檔案已經存在，只需要複製並貼上您的檔案中有關鍵盤設定的那幾行。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12399 +#: book.translate.xml:12494 msgid "" "You will have to reboot your machine to force hald to read this file." @@ -19529,7 +19683,7 @@ "您會需要重新啟動您的機器來讓 hald 讀取這個檔案。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12402 +#: book.translate.xml:12497 msgid "" "It is possible to do the same configuration from an X terminal or a script " "with this command line:" @@ -19536,13 +19690,13 @@ msgstr "也是可以從 X 終端機或 Script 下指令來做同樣的設定：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12405 +#: book.translate.xml:12500 #, no-wrap msgid "% setxkbmap -model pc102 -layout fr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12407 +#: book.translate.xml:12502 msgid "" "/usr/local/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst lists the " "various keyboard, layouts and options available." @@ -19551,12 +19705,12 @@ "的鍵盤、配置與設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12412 +#: book.translate.xml:12507 msgid "Xorg tuning" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12415 +#: book.translate.xml:12510 msgid "" "The xorg.conf.new configuration file may now be tuned " "to taste. Open the file in a text editor such as 的 \"Monitor\" section：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12423 +#: book.translate.xml:12518 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Monitor\"\n" @@ -19589,7 +19743,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12431 +#: book.translate.xml:12526 msgid "" "Most monitors support sync frequency autodetection, making manual entry of " "these values unnecessary. For the few monitors that do not support " @@ -19600,7 +19754,7 @@ "動偵測的顯示器，請輸入由製造商提供的數值來避免損壞顯示器。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12437 +#: book.translate.xml:12532 msgid "" "X allows DPMS (Energy Star) features to be used with capable monitors. The " "xsetxorg.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12449 +#: book.translate.xml:12544 msgid "" "While the xorg.conf.new configuration file is still " "open in an editor, select the default resolution and color depth desired. " @@ -19638,7 +19792,7 @@ "義：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12454 +#: book.translate.xml:12549 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Screen\"\n" @@ -19655,7 +19809,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12466 +#: book.translate.xml:12561 msgid "" "The DefaultDepth keyword describes the color depth to run " "at by default. This can be overridden with the " @@ -19676,7 +19830,7 @@ "像素。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12477 +#: book.translate.xml:12572 msgid "" "Finally, write the configuration file and test it using the test mode given " "above." @@ -19683,7 +19837,7 @@ msgstr "最後，儲存設定檔並使用測試模式來測試上述的設定。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12481 +#: book.translate.xml:12576 msgid "" "One of the tools available to assist you during troubleshooting process are " "the Xorg log files, which contain information on " @@ -19700,7 +19854,7 @@ "Xorg.8.log 以此類推。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12493 +#: book.translate.xml:12588 msgid "" "If all is well, the configuration file needs to be installed in a common " "location where Xorg 或 /usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12498 +#: book.translate.xml:12593 #, no-wrap msgid "# cp xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12500 +#: book.translate.xml:12595 msgid "" "The Xorg configuration process is now complete. " "Xorg may be now started with the 1 來啟動。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12507 +#: book.translate.xml:12602 msgid "" "Configuration with Intel " "i810 Graphics Chipsets" @@ -19747,12 +19901,12 @@ "literal> 繪圖晶片組" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12510 +#: book.translate.xml:12605 msgid "Intel i810 graphic chipset" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12514 +#: book.translate.xml:12609 msgid "" "Configuration with Intel i810 " "integrated chipsets requires the agpgart AGP " @@ -19767,7 +19921,7 @@ "更多詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12520 +#: book.translate.xml:12615 msgid "" "This will allow configuration of the hardware as any other graphics board. " "Note on systems without the agp 來載入。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12529 +#: book.translate.xml:12624 msgid "Adding a Widescreen Flatpanel to the Mix" msgstr "加入寬螢幕平板顯示器到設定檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12531 +#: book.translate.xml:12626 msgid "widescreen flatpanel configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12535 +#: book.translate.xml:12630 msgid "" "This section assumes a bit of advanced configuration knowledge. If attempts " "to use the standard configuration tools above have not resulted in a working " @@ -19807,7 +19961,7 @@ "輯器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12542 +#: book.translate.xml:12637 msgid "" "Current widescreen (WSXGA, WSXGA+, WUXGA, WXGA, WXGA+, et.al.) formats " "support 16:10 and 10:9 formats or aspect ratios that can be problematic. " @@ -19817,32 +19971,32 @@ "及 10:9 格式或其他的寬高比可會有問題。例如一些 16:10 寬高比常見的螢幕解析度：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12549 +#: book.translate.xml:12644 msgid "2560x1600" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12553 +#: book.translate.xml:12648 msgid "1920x1200" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12557 +#: book.translate.xml:12652 msgid "1680x1050" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12561 +#: book.translate.xml:12656 msgid "1440x900" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12565 +#: book.translate.xml:12660 msgid "1280x800" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12569 +#: book.translate.xml:12664 msgid "" "At some point, it will be as easy as adding one of these resolutions as a " "possible Mode in the Section \"Screen\"Xorg is smart enough to pull the resolution " "information from the widescreen via I2C/DDC information so it knows what the " @@ -19879,7 +20033,7 @@ "DDC)，因此能夠知道螢幕能處理的頻率及解析度。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12590 +#: book.translate.xml:12685 msgid "" "If those ModeLines do not exist in the drivers, one might " "need to give Xorg a little hint. Using /" @@ -19893,7 +20047,7 @@ "literal>。只需要在日誌檔中找到類似以下的訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12598 +#: book.translate.xml:12693 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(II) MGA(0): Supported additional Video Mode:\n" @@ -19904,7 +20058,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12604 +#: book.translate.xml:12699 msgid "" "This information is called EDID information. Creating a ModeLine from this is just a matter of putting the numbers in the correct " @@ -19914,13 +20068,13 @@ "將數據使用正確的順序放入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12608 +#: book.translate.xml:12703 #, no-wrap msgid "ModeLine <name> <clock> <4 horiz. timings> <4 vert. timings>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12610 +#: book.translate.xml:12705 msgid "" "So that the ModeLine in Section \"Monitor\" for this example would look like this:" @@ -19929,7 +20083,7 @@ "ModeLine 會看起來像這樣：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12614 +#: book.translate.xml:12709 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Monitor\"\n" @@ -19942,7 +20096,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12622 +#: book.translate.xml:12717 msgid "" "Now having completed these simple editing steps, X should start on your new " "widescreen monitor." @@ -19949,12 +20103,12 @@ msgstr "便完成編輯的步驟，接著需要在您的寬螢幕顯示器啟動 X。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12627 +#: book.translate.xml:12722 msgid "Troubleshooting Compiz Fusion" msgstr "Compiz Fusion 疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:12632 +#: book.translate.xml:12727 msgid "" "I have installed Compiz Fusion, and after running " "the commands you mention, my windows are left without title bars and " @@ -19964,7 +20118,7 @@ "令後，我的視窗的標題列與按鈕便消失了。是那裡有問題?" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:12640 +#: book.translate.xml:12735 msgid "" "You are probably missing a setting in /etc/X11/xorg.conf. Review this file carefully and check especially the " @@ -19976,7 +20130,7 @@ "literal> 指令項。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:12651 +#: book.translate.xml:12746 msgid "" "When I run the command to start Compiz Fusion, " "the X server crashes and I am back at the console. What is wrong?" @@ -19985,7 +20139,7 @@ "了，然後我又返回 Console。是那裡有問題?" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:12658 +#: book.translate.xml:12753 msgid "" "If you check /var/log/Xorg.0.log, you will probably " "find error messages during the X startup. The most common would be:" @@ -19994,7 +20148,7 @@ "所發生的錯誤訊息。最常發生的錯誤會是：" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12663 +#: book.translate.xml:12758 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(EE) NVIDIA(0): Failed to initialize the GLX module; please check in your X\n" @@ -20005,7 +20159,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:12669 +#: book.translate.xml:12764 msgid "" "This is usually the case when you upgrade Xorg. " "You will need to reinstall the x11/nvidia-driver package " @@ -20015,12 +20169,12 @@ "安裝 x11/nvidia-driver 套件來重新編譯 glx。" #. (itstool) path: part/title -#: book.translate.xml:12683 +#: book.translate.xml:12778 msgid "Common Tasks" msgstr "一般作業" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:12686 +#: book.translate.xml:12781 msgid "" "Now that the basics have been covered, this part of the book discusses some " "frequently used features of FreeBSD. These chapters:" @@ -20029,7 +20183,7 @@ "色，這些章節包括：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12692 +#: book.translate.xml:12787 msgid "" "Introduce popular and useful desktop applications: browsers, productivity " "tools, document viewers, and more." @@ -20036,12 +20190,12 @@ msgstr "介紹給您常見且實用的桌面應用軟體：瀏覽器、辦工工具、文件閱覽程式等。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12698 +#: book.translate.xml:12793 msgid "Introduce a number of multimedia tools available for FreeBSD." msgstr "介紹給您眾多 FreeBSD 上可用的多媒體工具。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12703 +#: book.translate.xml:12798 msgid "" "Explain the process of building a customized FreeBSD kernel to enable extra " "functionality." @@ -20048,7 +20202,7 @@ msgstr "解釋如何編譯量身訂做的 FreeBSD 核心以增加額外系統功能的流程。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12708 +#: book.translate.xml:12803 msgid "" "Describe the print system in detail, both for desktop and network-connected " "printer setups." @@ -20055,12 +20209,12 @@ msgstr "詳細描述列印系統，包含桌上型印表機及網路印表機的設定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12713 +#: book.translate.xml:12808 msgid "Show how to run Linux applications on the FreeBSD system." msgstr "展示給您看如何在您的 FreeBSD 系統中執行 Linux 應用軟體。" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:12718 +#: book.translate.xml:12813 msgid "" "Some of these chapters recommend prior reading, and this is noted in the " "synopsis at the beginning of each chapter." @@ -20067,12 +20221,12 @@ msgstr "這些章節中有些需要您預先閱讀些相關文件，在各章節開頭的概要內會提及。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:12741 +#: book.translate.xml:12836 msgid "Desktop Applications" msgstr "桌面應用程式" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12746 +#: book.translate.xml:12841 msgid "" "While FreeBSD is popular as a server for its performance and stability, it " "is also suited for day-to-day use as a desktop. With over 24,000 " @@ -20088,7 +20242,7 @@ "含網頁瀏覽器、辦工軟體、文件閱覽程式以及財務軟體。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12756 +#: book.translate.xml:12851 msgid "" "Users who prefer to install a pre-built desktop version of FreeBSD rather " "than configuring one from scratch should refer to the pcbsd.org 網站" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12763 +#: book.translate.xml:12858 msgid "Readers of this chapter should know how to:" msgstr "在閱讀這章之前，你必須了解如何：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12767 +#: book.translate.xml:12862 msgid "" "Install additional software using packages or ports as described in ." @@ -20110,12 +20264,12 @@ msgstr "使用套件或 Port 安裝其他軟體如 所敘述。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12772 +#: book.translate.xml:12867 msgid "Install X and a window manager as described in ." msgstr "安狀 X 與視窗管理程式如 所敘述。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12777 +#: book.translate.xml:12872 msgid "" "For information on how to configure a multimedia environment, refer to ." @@ -20123,17 +20277,17 @@ "要取得有關如何設定多媒體環境的資訊，請參考 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:12782 +#: book.translate.xml:12877 msgid "Browsers" msgstr "瀏覽器" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12784 +#: book.translate.xml:12879 msgid "browsers web" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12789 +#: book.translate.xml:12884 msgid "" "FreeBSD does not come with a pre-installed web browser. Instead, the www category of " @@ -20145,7 +20299,7 @@ "可以採 Binary 套件安裝或自 Port 套件集編譯的方式安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12795 +#: book.translate.xml:12890 msgid "" "The KDE and GNOME " "desktop environments include their own HTML browser. Refer to www/dillo2, " "www/links, and www/w3m." @@ -20165,7 +20319,7 @@ "links 以及 www/w3m。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12805 +#: book.translate.xml:12900 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to install the following popular web browsers " "and indicates if the application is resource-heavy, takes time to compile " @@ -20175,48 +20329,48 @@ "源、花費大量時間自 Port 編譯或何主要的相依套件。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12814 book.translate.xml:13173 book.translate.xml:13483 -#: book.translate.xml:13707 +#: book.translate.xml:12909 book.translate.xml:13275 book.translate.xml:13585 +#: book.translate.xml:13809 msgid "Application Name" msgstr "應用程式名稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12815 book.translate.xml:13174 book.translate.xml:13484 -#: book.translate.xml:13708 +#: book.translate.xml:12910 book.translate.xml:13276 book.translate.xml:13586 +#: book.translate.xml:13810 msgid "Resources Needed" msgstr "所需資源" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12816 book.translate.xml:13175 book.translate.xml:13485 -#: book.translate.xml:13709 +#: book.translate.xml:12911 book.translate.xml:13277 book.translate.xml:13587 +#: book.translate.xml:13811 msgid "Installation from Ports" msgstr "自 Port 安裝時間" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12817 book.translate.xml:17121 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:12912 book.translate.xml:17238 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Notes" msgstr "說明" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12823 +#: book.translate.xml:12918 msgid "Firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12824 book.translate.xml:12839 book.translate.xml:12847 +#: book.translate.xml:12919 book.translate.xml:12934 book.translate.xml:12942 msgid "medium" msgstr "中" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12825 book.translate.xml:12840 book.translate.xml:12848 -#: book.translate.xml:13184 book.translate.xml:13199 book.translate.xml:13206 -#: book.translate.xml:13523 book.translate.xml:13718 book.translate.xml:13725 -#: book.translate.xml:13732 +#: book.translate.xml:12920 book.translate.xml:12935 book.translate.xml:12943 +#: book.translate.xml:13286 book.translate.xml:13301 book.translate.xml:13308 +#: book.translate.xml:13625 book.translate.xml:13820 book.translate.xml:13827 +#: book.translate.xml:13834 msgid "heavy" msgstr "多" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12826 +#: book.translate.xml:12921 msgid "" "FreeBSD, Linux, and localized " "versions are available" @@ -20224,22 +20378,22 @@ "有 FreeBSD 、 Linux 及在地化版本" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12831 +#: book.translate.xml:12926 msgid "Opera" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12832 book.translate.xml:12833 book.translate.xml:13183 -#: book.translate.xml:13190 book.translate.xml:13191 book.translate.xml:13198 -#: book.translate.xml:13493 book.translate.xml:13494 book.translate.xml:13500 -#: book.translate.xml:13501 book.translate.xml:13507 book.translate.xml:13508 -#: book.translate.xml:13515 book.translate.xml:13516 book.translate.xml:13522 -#: book.translate.xml:13717 book.translate.xml:13724 book.translate.xml:13731 +#: book.translate.xml:12927 book.translate.xml:12928 book.translate.xml:13285 +#: book.translate.xml:13292 book.translate.xml:13293 book.translate.xml:13300 +#: book.translate.xml:13595 book.translate.xml:13596 book.translate.xml:13602 +#: book.translate.xml:13603 book.translate.xml:13609 book.translate.xml:13610 +#: book.translate.xml:13617 book.translate.xml:13618 book.translate.xml:13624 +#: book.translate.xml:13819 book.translate.xml:13826 book.translate.xml:13833 msgid "light" msgstr "少" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12834 +#: book.translate.xml:12929 msgid "" "FreeBSD and Linux versions are " "available" @@ -20246,37 +20400,37 @@ msgstr "有 FreeBSD 、 Linux 版本" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12838 +#: book.translate.xml:12933 msgid "Konqueror" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12841 +#: book.translate.xml:12936 msgid "Requires KDE libraries" msgstr "需要 KDE 程式庫" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12846 +#: book.translate.xml:12941 msgid "Chromium" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12849 +#: book.translate.xml:12944 msgid "Requires Gtk+" msgstr "需要 Gtk+ 程式庫" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12856 +#: book.translate.xml:12951 msgid "Firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12858 +#: book.translate.xml:12953 msgid "Firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12862 +#: book.translate.xml:12957 msgid "" "Firefox is an open source browser that is fully " "ported to FreeBSD. It features a standards-compliant HTML display engine, " @@ -20290,7 +20444,7 @@ "Mozilla 的程式庫。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12869 +#: book.translate.xml:12964 msgid "" "To install the package of the latest release version of " "Firefox, type:" @@ -20297,13 +20451,13 @@ msgstr "要安裝最新釋出版本的 Firefox 套件可輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12872 +#: book.translate.xml:12967 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12874 +#: book.translate.xml:12969 msgid "" "To instead install Firefox Extended Support " "Release (ESR) version, use:" @@ -20312,13 +20466,13 @@ "Firefox，可使用：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12877 +#: book.translate.xml:12972 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install firefox-esr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12879 +#: book.translate.xml:12974 msgid "" "Localized versions are available in www/firefox-i18n and " "www/firefox-esr-i18n." @@ -20327,7 +20481,7 @@ "esr-i18n 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12883 +#: book.translate.xml:12978 msgid "" "The Ports Collection can instead be used to compile the desired version of " "Firefox from source code. This example builds " @@ -20339,7 +20493,7 @@ "firefox 可替換為 ESR 或在地化版本來安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12890 +#: book.translate.xml:12985 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/firefox\n" @@ -20347,26 +20501,36 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:12894 +#: book.translate.xml:12989 msgid "Firefox and Java Plugin" msgstr "Firefox 與 Java 附加元件" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12896 +#: book.translate.xml:12991 msgid "" "The installation of Firefox does not include " "Java support. However, java/icedtea-web provides a free software web browser plugin for running Java " -"applets. It can be installed as a package. To alternately compile the port:" +"applets. It can be installed as a package by running:" msgstr "" "Firefox 的安裝並不包含 Java 支援，雖然如此 java/icedtea-web 提供了免費的網" -"頁瀏覽器附加元件來執行 Java applet，此附加元件可以用 Binary 套件安裝或者自 " -"Port 編譯：" +"頁瀏覽器附加元件來執行 Java applet，此附加元件可以用 Binary 套件安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12903 +#: book.translate.xml:12997 #, no-wrap +msgid "# pkg install icedtea-web" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:12999 +msgid "Alternatively, to compile from the Ports Collection:" +msgstr "或由 Port 套件集編譯：" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen +#: book.translate.xml:13001 +#, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/java/icedtea-web\n" "# make install clean" @@ -20373,12 +20537,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12906 +#: book.translate.xml:13004 msgid "Keep the default configuration options when compiling the port." msgstr "編譯 Port 時使用預設設定選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12909 +#: book.translate.xml:13007 msgid "" "Once installed, start firefox, enter " "about:plugins in the location bar and press " @@ -20392,7 +20556,7 @@ "application> 附加元件應該會列在其中。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12916 +#: book.translate.xml:13014 msgid "" "If the browser is unable to find the plugin, each user will have to run the " "following command and relaunch the browser:" @@ -20399,7 +20563,7 @@ msgstr "若瀏覽器無法找到附加元件，每位使用者則須執行以下指令並重新執行瀏覽器：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12920 +#: book.translate.xml:13018 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ln -s /usr/local/lib/IcedTeaPlugin.so \\\n" @@ -20407,7 +20571,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:12926 +#: book.translate.xml:13024 msgid "" "Firefox and Adobe Flash Plugin" @@ -20416,12 +20580,12 @@ "class=\"registered\">Flash 附加元件" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12928 +#: book.translate.xml:13026 msgid "Flash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12932 +#: book.translate.xml:13030 msgid "" "A native Adobe Flash plugin is not available for FreeBSD. " @@ -20437,12 +20601,12 @@ "\"registered\">RealPlayer。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12937 +#: book.translate.xml:13035 msgid "To install and enable this plugin, perform these steps:" msgstr "要安裝並開啟此附加元件，可執行以下步驟：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:12942 +#: book.translate.xml:13040 msgid "" "Install www/nspluginwrapper from the port. " "Due to licensing restrictions, a package is not available. This port " @@ -20453,7 +20617,7 @@ "linux_base-c6。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:12949 +#: book.translate.xml:13047 msgid "" "Install www/linux-c6-flashplugin11 from the " "port. Due to licensing restrictions, a package is not available." @@ -20462,30 +20626,30 @@ "到授權條款的限制，該套件無 Binary 版本。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:12955 +#: book.translate.xml:13053 msgid "Before the plugin is first used, each user must run:" msgstr "第一次使用附加元件前，每位使用者需要先執行：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12958 +#: book.translate.xml:13056 #, no-wrap msgid "% nspluginwrapper -v -a -i" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:12960 +#: book.translate.xml:13058 msgid "" "When the plugin port has been updated and reinstalled, each user must run:" msgstr "當附加元件 Port 完成更新並且重新安裝後，每位使用者需要執行：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12963 +#: book.translate.xml:13061 #, no-wrap msgid "% nspluginwrapper -v -a -u" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:12965 +#: book.translate.xml:13063 msgid "" "Start the browser, enter about:plugins in the location " "bar and press Enter. A list of all the currently available " @@ -20495,7 +20659,7 @@ "Enter 鍵，目前可用的附加元件清單中應會顯示該附加元件。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:12975 +#: book.translate.xml:13073 msgid "" "Firefox and Swfdec Flash Plugin" msgstr "" @@ -20502,7 +20666,7 @@ "Firefox 與 Swfdec Flash 附加元件" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12977 +#: book.translate.xml:13075 msgid "" "Swfdec is a decoder and renderer for Flash animations. Swfdec-" @@ -20516,18 +20680,18 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect3/para #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12983 book.translate.xml:13304 +#: book.translate.xml:13081 book.translate.xml:13406 msgid "To install the package:" msgstr "要安裝套件可：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12985 +#: book.translate.xml:13083 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install swfdec-plugin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12987 +#: book.translate.xml:13085 msgid "" "If the package is not available, compile and install it from the Ports " "Collection:" @@ -20534,7 +20698,7 @@ msgstr "若無套件可用，可自 Port 套件集編譯並安裝該附加元件：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12990 +#: book.translate.xml:13088 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/swfdec-plugin\n" @@ -20542,22 +20706,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12993 +#: book.translate.xml:13091 msgid "Restart the browser to activate this plugin." msgstr "重新啟動瀏覽器來啟動此附加元件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12998 +#: book.translate.xml:13096 msgid "Opera" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13000 +#: book.translate.xml:13098 msgid "Opera" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13004 +#: book.translate.xml:13102 msgid "" "Opera is a full-featured and standards-compliant " "browser which is still lightweight and fast. It comes with a built-in mail " @@ -20571,7 +20735,7 @@ "\">Linux 模擬模式下執行的版本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13011 +#: book.translate.xml:13109 msgid "" "This command installs the package of the FreeBSD version of " "Opera. Replace opera with " @@ -20583,13 +20747,13 @@ "\"registered\">Linux 版本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13016 +#: book.translate.xml:13114 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install opera" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13018 +#: book.translate.xml:13116 msgid "" "Alternately, install either version through the Ports Collection. This " "example compiles the native version:" @@ -20596,7 +20760,7 @@ msgstr "或者，可安裝 Port 套件集中的版本，以下範例會編譯原生的版本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13021 +#: book.translate.xml:13119 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/opera\n" @@ -20604,7 +20768,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13024 +#: book.translate.xml:13122 msgid "" "To install the Linux version, " "substitute linux-opera in place of operaopera 為 linux-opera。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13028 +#: book.translate.xml:13126 msgid "" "To install Adobe Flash plugin support, first compile the " @@ -20630,7 +20794,7 @@ "package>。以下範例示範編譯 Port 中的這兩個應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13034 +#: book.translate.xml:13132 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/linux-c6-flashplugin11\n" @@ -20640,7 +20804,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13039 +#: book.translate.xml:13137 msgid "" "Once installed, check the presence of the plugin by starting the browser, " "entering opera:plugins in the location bar and pressing " @@ -20652,7 +20816,7 @@ "附加元件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13045 +#: book.translate.xml:13143 msgid "" "To add the Java plugin, " "follow the instructions in ." @@ -20661,17 +20825,17 @@ "照 中的指示。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13050 +#: book.translate.xml:13148 msgid "Konqueror" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13052 +#: book.translate.xml:13150 msgid "Konqueror" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13056 +#: book.translate.xml:13154 msgid "" "Konqueror is more than a web browser as it is " "also a file manager and a multimedia viewer. It is included in the " @@ -20682,22 +20846,33 @@ "中。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13061 +#: book.translate.xml:13159 msgid "" "Konqueror supports WebKit as well as its own " "KHTML. WebKit is a rendering engine used by many modern browsers including " "Chromium. To use WebKit with Konqueror on " "FreeBSD, install the www/kwebkitpart package or port. " -"This example compiles the port:" +"This example installs the package:" msgstr "" "Konqueror 使用支援 WebKit 以及它自有的 KTHML。" "WebKit 是一套被許多現代瀏覽器所使用的繪圖引擎，包含 Chromium。要在 FreeBSD " "的 Konqueror 使用 WebKit 需安裝 www/" -"kwebkitpart 套件或 Port。此範例示範使用 Port 編譯：" +"kwebkitpart 套件或 Port。此範例示範使用 Binary 套件安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13068 +#: book.translate.xml:13166 #, no-wrap +msgid "# pkg install kwebkitpart" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:13168 +msgid "To install from the Ports Colloction:" +msgstr "由 Port 套件集安裝：" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:13170 +#, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/kwebkitpart\n" "# make install clean" @@ -20704,7 +20879,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13071 +#: book.translate.xml:13173 msgid "" "To enable WebKit within Konqueror, click " "Settings, Configure Konqueror. In the " @@ -20718,7 +20893,7 @@ "quote> 旁的下拉示選單並變更 KHTML 為 WebKit。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13079 +#: book.translate.xml:13181 msgid "" "Konqueror also supports Flash. A How To。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13086 +#: book.translate.xml:13188 msgid "Chromium" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13088 +#: book.translate.xml:13190 msgid "Chromium" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13092 +#: book.translate.xml:13194 msgid "" "Chromium is an open source browser project that " "aims to build a safer, faster, and more stable web browsing experience. " @@ -20758,19 +20933,19 @@ "application> 的功能有頁籤式瀏覽、彈出視窗封鎖、擴充套件等等。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13100 +#: book.translate.xml:13202 msgid "" "Chromium can be installed as a package by typing:" msgstr "Chromium 可以使用套件來安裝，只要輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13103 +#: book.translate.xml:13205 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install chromium" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13105 +#: book.translate.xml:13207 msgid "" "Alternatively, Chromium can be compiled from " "source using the Ports Collection:" @@ -20777,7 +20952,7 @@ msgstr "或者可從 Port 套件集的原始碼編譯 Chromium：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13108 +#: book.translate.xml:13210 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/chromium\n" @@ -20785,7 +20960,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:13112 +#: book.translate.xml:13214 msgid "" "The executable for Chromium is /usr/" "local/bin/chrome, not /usr/local/bin/chromium，並非 /usr/local/bin/chromium。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:13118 +#: book.translate.xml:13220 msgid "Chromium and Java Plugin" msgstr "Chromium 與 Java 附加元件" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:13120 +#: book.translate.xml:13222 msgid "" "The installation of Chromium does not include " "Java support. To install Java " @@ -20812,7 +20987,7 @@ " 的指示操作。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:13125 +#: book.translate.xml:13227 msgid "" "Once Java support is installed, start " "Chromium and enter about:pluginsChromium does not display the IcedTea-Web " "plugin, run the following commands and restart the web browser:" @@ -20833,7 +21008,7 @@ "以下指令然後重新啟動網頁瀏覽器：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13135 +#: book.translate.xml:13237 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir -p /usr/local/share/chromium/plugins\n" @@ -20842,7 +21017,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:13141 +#: book.translate.xml:13243 msgid "" "Chromium and Adobe Flash Plugin" @@ -20851,7 +21026,7 @@ "class=\"registered\">Flash 附加元件" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:13143 +#: book.translate.xml:13245 msgid "" "Configuring Chromium and Adobe FlashChromium 能夠使用部份來自其他瀏覽器的附加元件。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:13154 +#: book.translate.xml:13256 msgid "Productivity" msgstr "辦工工具" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13156 +#: book.translate.xml:13258 msgid "" "When it comes to productivity, new users often look for an office suite or " "an easy-to-use word processor. While some desktop " @@ -20887,7 +21062,7 @@ "型化文件處理程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13164 +#: book.translate.xml:13266 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to install the following popular productivity " "software and indicates if the application is resource-heavy, takes time to " @@ -20897,52 +21072,52 @@ "譯的時間或者是否有其他主要相依套件。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13176 book.translate.xml:13486 book.translate.xml:13710 +#: book.translate.xml:13278 book.translate.xml:13588 book.translate.xml:13812 msgid "Major Dependencies" msgstr "主要相依套件" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13182 +#: book.translate.xml:13284 msgid "Calligra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13185 book.translate.xml:13524 book.translate.xml:13733 +#: book.translate.xml:13287 book.translate.xml:13626 book.translate.xml:13835 msgid "KDE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13189 +#: book.translate.xml:13291 msgid "AbiWord" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13192 book.translate.xml:13509 +#: book.translate.xml:13294 book.translate.xml:13611 msgid "Gtk+ or GNOME" msgstr "Gtk+ 或 GNOME" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13197 +#: book.translate.xml:13299 msgid "The Gimp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13200 book.translate.xml:13517 +#: book.translate.xml:13302 book.translate.xml:13619 msgid "Gtk+" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13204 +#: book.translate.xml:13306 msgid "Apache OpenOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13207 book.translate.xml:13215 +#: book.translate.xml:13309 book.translate.xml:13317 msgid "huge" msgstr "非常多" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13208 +#: book.translate.xml:13310 msgid "" "JDK and " "Mozilla" @@ -20951,17 +21126,17 @@ "Mozilla" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13213 +#: book.translate.xml:13315 msgid "LibreOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13214 +#: book.translate.xml:13316 msgid "somewhat heavy" msgstr "有點多" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13216 +#: book.translate.xml:13318 msgid "" "Gtk+, or KDE/ " "GNOME, or JDK" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13226 +#: book.translate.xml:13328 msgid "Calligra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13228 +#: book.translate.xml:13330 msgid "Calligra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13231 +#: book.translate.xml:13333 msgid "" "office suite Calligra" @@ -20989,7 +21164,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13236 +#: book.translate.xml:13338 msgid "" "The KDE desktop environment includes an office suite which can be installed " "separately from KDE. CalligraKarbon 用來繪製圖型文件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13247 +#: book.translate.xml:13349 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, editors/calligra can be installed as a " "package or a port. To install the package:" @@ -21015,18 +21190,18 @@ "安裝，要使用套件安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13251 +#: book.translate.xml:13353 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install calligra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13253 +#: book.translate.xml:13355 msgid "If the package is not available, use the Ports Collection instead:" msgstr "若沒有可用的套件，可改使用 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13256 +#: book.translate.xml:13358 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/editors/calligra\n" @@ -21034,17 +21209,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13261 +#: book.translate.xml:13363 msgid "AbiWord" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13263 +#: book.translate.xml:13365 msgid "AbiWord" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13267 +#: book.translate.xml:13369 msgid "" "AbiWord is a free word processing program similar " "in look and feel to Microsoft。 它非常快速，包含了許多功能而且非常容易上手。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13272 +#: book.translate.xml:13374 msgid "" "AbiWord can import or export many file formats, " "including some proprietary ones like .rtf 格式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13276 +#: book.translate.xml:13378 msgid "To install the AbiWord package:" msgstr "" "要安裝 AbiWord Binary 套件，可使用下列指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13279 +#: book.translate.xml:13381 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install abiword" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13281 +#: book.translate.xml:13383 msgid "" "If the package is not available, it can be compiled from the Ports " "Collection:" @@ -21086,7 +21261,7 @@ msgstr "若沒有 Binary 套件版本，也可以從 Port 套件集中編譯安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13284 +#: book.translate.xml:13386 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/editors/abiword\n" @@ -21094,17 +21269,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13289 +#: book.translate.xml:13391 msgid "The GIMP" msgstr "The GIMP" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13291 +#: book.translate.xml:13393 msgid "The GIMP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13295 +#: book.translate.xml:13397 msgid "" "For image authoring or picture retouching, The GIMP provides a sophisticated image manipulation program. It can be " @@ -21119,18 +21294,18 @@ "可以讀寫許多檔案格式。 它也支援掃描器和手寫板。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13306 +#: book.translate.xml:13408 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gimp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13308 +#: book.translate.xml:13410 msgid "Alternately, use the Ports Collection:" msgstr "或使用 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13310 +#: book.translate.xml:13412 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp\n" @@ -21138,7 +21313,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13313 +#: book.translate.xml:13415 msgid "" "The graphics category (freebsd.org/ports/graphics.html) of the Ports " @@ -21150,17 +21325,17 @@ "GIMP 相關的附加元件，說明檔及使用手冊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13321 +#: book.translate.xml:13423 msgid "Apache OpenOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13323 +#: book.translate.xml:13425 msgid " Apache OpenOffice " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13328 +#: book.translate.xml:13430 msgid "" "office suite Apache OpenOffice " @@ -21167,7 +21342,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13335 +#: book.translate.xml:13437 msgid "" "Apache OpenOffice is an open source office suite " "which is developed under the wing of the Apache Software Foundation's " @@ -21185,7 +21360,7 @@ "同語言的使用者介面、拼字檢查和字典。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13346 +#: book.translate.xml:13448 msgid "" "The word processor of Apache OpenOffice uses a " "native XML file format for increased portability and flexibility. The " @@ -21213,18 +21388,18 @@ "freebsd/。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13357 +#: book.translate.xml:13459 msgid "To install the Apache OpenOffice package:" msgstr "要安裝 Apache OpenOffice 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13360 +#: book.translate.xml:13462 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install apache-openoffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13362 +#: book.translate.xml:13464 msgid "" "Once the package is installed, type the following command to launch " "Apache OpenOffice:" @@ -21233,13 +21408,13 @@ "OpenOffice：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13365 +#: book.translate.xml:13467 #, no-wrap msgid "% openoffice-X.Y.Z" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13367 +#: book.translate.xml:13469 msgid "" "where X.Y.Z is the version number of the " "installed version of Apache OpenOffice. The first " @@ -21253,7 +21428,7 @@ ".openoffice.org 資料夾。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13375 +#: book.translate.xml:13477 msgid "" "If the desired Apache OpenOffice package is not " "available, compiling the port is still an option. However, this requires a " @@ -21263,7 +21438,7 @@ "從 Port 編譯。 不過必須注意：編譯的過程會需要大量的磁碟空間與時間：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13380 +#: book.translate.xml:13482 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/editors/openoffice-4\n" @@ -21271,18 +21446,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:13384 +#: book.translate.xml:13486 msgid "To build a localized version, replace the previous command with:" msgstr "如果想要編譯在地化的版本，將前面的指令替換成為：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13387 +#: book.translate.xml:13489 #, no-wrap msgid "# make LOCALIZED_LANG=your_language install clean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:13389 +#: book.translate.xml:13491 msgid "" "Replace your_language with the correct language " "ISO-code. A list of supported language codes is available in files/" @@ -21293,17 +21468,17 @@ "錄。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13399 +#: book.translate.xml:13501 msgid "LibreOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13401 +#: book.translate.xml:13503 msgid "LibreOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13404 +#: book.translate.xml:13506 msgid "" "office suite LibreOffice" @@ -21310,7 +21485,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13409 +#: book.translate.xml:13511 msgid "" "LibreOffice is a free software office suite " "developed by LibreOffice uses a native " "XML file format for increased portability and flexibility. The spreadsheet " @@ -21354,7 +21529,7 @@ "到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13432 +#: book.translate.xml:13534 msgid "" "To install the English version of the LibreOffice " "package:" @@ -21361,13 +21536,13 @@ msgstr "要安裝英文版本的 LibreOffice 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13435 +#: book.translate.xml:13537 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install libreoffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13437 +#: book.translate.xml:13539 msgid "" "The editors category (freebsd.org/ports/editors.html) of the Ports " @@ -21381,7 +21556,7 @@ "libreoffice 為在地化套件的名稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13443 +#: book.translate.xml:13545 msgid "" "Once the package is installed, type the following command to run " "LibreOffice:" @@ -21389,13 +21564,13 @@ "套件安裝之後，輸入以下指令來執行 LibreOffice：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13446 +#: book.translate.xml:13548 #, no-wrap msgid "% libreoffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13448 +#: book.translate.xml:13550 msgid "" "During the first launch, some questions will be asked and a ." "libreoffice folder will be created in the user's home directory." @@ -21404,7 +21579,7 @@ "libreoffice 資料夾。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13452 +#: book.translate.xml:13554 msgid "" "If the desired LibreOffice package is not " "available, compiling the port is still an option. However, this requires a " @@ -21415,7 +21590,7 @@ "譯，但這會要大量的磁碟空間及漫長的時間編譯。以下例子示範編譯英文版本：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13458 +#: book.translate.xml:13560 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/editors/libreoffice\n" @@ -21423,7 +21598,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:13462 +#: book.translate.xml:13564 msgid "" "To build a localized version, cd into the port directory " "of the desired language. Supported languages can be found in the editors " @@ -21435,12 +21610,12 @@ "ports/editors.html\">freebsd.org/ports/editors.html) 中找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:13472 +#: book.translate.xml:13574 msgid "Document Viewers" msgstr "文件閱覽程式" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13474 +#: book.translate.xml:13576 msgid "" "Some new document formats have gained popularity since the advent of " "UNIX and the viewers they " @@ -21452,58 +21627,58 @@ "以下文件檢視程式：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13492 +#: book.translate.xml:13594 msgid "Xpdf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13495 +#: book.translate.xml:13597 msgid "FreeType" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13499 book.translate.xml:13564 +#: book.translate.xml:13601 book.translate.xml:13666 msgid "gv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13502 +#: book.translate.xml:13604 msgid "Xaw3d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13506 +#: book.translate.xml:13608 msgid "Geeqie" msgstr "Geeqie" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13514 +#: book.translate.xml:13616 msgid "ePDFView" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13521 +#: book.translate.xml:13623 msgid "Okular" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13531 +#: book.translate.xml:13633 msgid "Xpdf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13533 +#: book.translate.xml:13635 msgid "Xpdf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13536 book.translate.xml:13569 book.translate.xml:13635 +#: book.translate.xml:13638 book.translate.xml:13671 book.translate.xml:13737 msgid "PDF viewing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13541 +#: book.translate.xml:13643 msgid "" "For users that prefer a small FreeBSD PDF viewer, Xpdf provides a light-weight and efficient viewer which requires few " @@ -21515,24 +21690,24 @@ "準的 X 字型且不需要額外的工具包(Toolkit)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13547 +#: book.translate.xml:13649 msgid "To install the Xpdf package:" msgstr "安裝 Xpdf 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13550 +#: book.translate.xml:13652 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install xpdf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13552 book.translate.xml:13622 book.translate.xml:13767 -#: book.translate.xml:13801 book.translate.xml:13834 +#: book.translate.xml:13654 book.translate.xml:13724 book.translate.xml:13869 +#: book.translate.xml:13903 book.translate.xml:13936 msgid "If the package is not available, use the Ports Collection:" msgstr "若沒有可用的套件版本，可使用 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13555 +#: book.translate.xml:13657 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/xpdf\n" @@ -21540,7 +21715,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13558 +#: book.translate.xml:13660 msgid "" "Once the installation is complete, launch xpdf and use " "the right mouse button to activate the menu." @@ -21547,17 +21722,17 @@ msgstr "完成安裝後，執行 xpdf 並使用滑鼠右鍵開啟選單。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13566 +#: book.translate.xml:13668 msgid "gv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13573 +#: book.translate.xml:13675 msgid "PostScript viewing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13578 +#: book.translate.xml:13680 msgid "" "gv is a PostScript and PDF viewer. It is based on " @@ -21575,23 +21750,23 @@ "可以從鍵盤或滑鼠來完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13587 +#: book.translate.xml:13689 msgid "To install gv as a package:" msgstr "安裝 gv 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13590 +#: book.translate.xml:13692 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13592 book.translate.xml:13654 book.translate.xml:13684 +#: book.translate.xml:13694 book.translate.xml:13756 book.translate.xml:13786 msgid "If a package is unavailable, use the Ports Collection:" msgstr "若沒有可用的套件版本，可使用 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13595 +#: book.translate.xml:13697 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/print/gv\n" @@ -21599,17 +21774,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13600 +#: book.translate.xml:13702 msgid "Geeqie" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13602 +#: book.translate.xml:13704 msgid "Geeqie" msgstr "Geeqie" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13606 +#: book.translate.xml:13708 msgid "" "Geeqie is a fork from the unmaintained " "GQView project, in an effort to move development " @@ -21628,18 +21803,18 @@ "用全螢幕閱覽以及國際化。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13617 +#: book.translate.xml:13719 msgid "To install the Geeqie package:" msgstr "安裝 Geeqie 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13620 +#: book.translate.xml:13722 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install geeqie" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13625 +#: book.translate.xml:13727 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/geeqie\n" @@ -21647,17 +21822,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13630 +#: book.translate.xml:13732 msgid "ePDFView" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13632 +#: book.translate.xml:13734 msgid "ePDFView" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13640 +#: book.translate.xml:13742 msgid "" "ePDFView is a lightweight PDF " "document viewer that only uses the Gtk+ and " @@ -21673,18 +21848,18 @@ "application> 來列印。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13649 +#: book.translate.xml:13751 msgid "To install ePDFView as a package:" msgstr "要以套件安裝 ePDFView：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13652 +#: book.translate.xml:13754 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install epdfview" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13657 +#: book.translate.xml:13759 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/epdfview\n" @@ -21692,23 +21867,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13662 +#: book.translate.xml:13764 msgid "Okular" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13664 +#: book.translate.xml:13766 msgid "Okular" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13667 +#: book.translate.xml:13769 msgid "" "PDF viewing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13672 +#: book.translate.xml:13774 msgid "" "Okular is a universal document viewer based on " "KPDF for KDE. It can " @@ -21723,18 +21898,18 @@ "XPS 以及 ePub。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13679 +#: book.translate.xml:13781 msgid "To install Okular as a package:" msgstr "要以套件安裝 Okular：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13682 +#: book.translate.xml:13784 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install okular" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13687 +#: book.translate.xml:13789 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/okular\n" @@ -21742,12 +21917,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:13693 +#: book.translate.xml:13795 msgid "Finance" msgstr "財務" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13695 +#: book.translate.xml:13797 msgid "" "For managing personal finances on a FreeBSD desktop, some powerful and easy-" "to-use applications can be installed. Some are compatible with widespread " @@ -21759,42 +21934,42 @@ "Quicken 或 Excel 文件。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13701 +#: book.translate.xml:13803 msgid "This section covers these programs:" msgstr "這節涵蓋了下面這些軟體：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13716 +#: book.translate.xml:13818 msgid "GnuCash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13719 book.translate.xml:13726 +#: book.translate.xml:13821 book.translate.xml:13828 msgid "GNOME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13723 +#: book.translate.xml:13825 msgid "Gnumeric" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13730 +#: book.translate.xml:13832 msgid "KMyMoney" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13740 +#: book.translate.xml:13842 msgid "GnuCash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13742 +#: book.translate.xml:13844 msgid "GnuCash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13746 +#: book.translate.xml:13848 msgid "" "GnuCash is part of the GNOME effort to provide user-friendly, yet powerful, applications to " @@ -21808,7 +21983,7 @@ "蹤收入與花費、銀行帳戶以及股票證券等。 它的特性是介面直覺但功能仍非常專業。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13754 +#: book.translate.xml:13856 msgid "" "GnuCash provides a smart register, a hierarchical " "system of accounts, and many keyboard accelerators and auto-completion " @@ -21823,18 +21998,18 @@ "application> QIF 檔案。 它也能處理大部分國際的日期及通用貨幣之格式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13762 +#: book.translate.xml:13864 msgid "To install the GnuCash package:" msgstr "安裝 GnuCash 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13765 +#: book.translate.xml:13867 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gnucash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13770 +#: book.translate.xml:13872 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/finance/gnucash\n" @@ -21842,17 +22017,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13775 +#: book.translate.xml:13877 msgid "Gnumeric" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13777 +#: book.translate.xml:13879 msgid "Gnumeric" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13780 +#: book.translate.xml:13882 msgid "" "spreadsheet Gnumeric" @@ -21861,7 +22036,7 @@ "secondary>" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13785 +#: book.translate.xml:13887 msgid "" "Gnumeric is a spreadsheet program developed by " "the GNOME community. It features convenient " @@ -21880,18 +22055,18 @@ "儲存格格式，像是：數字、貨幣、日期、時間及其他格式等。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13796 +#: book.translate.xml:13898 msgid "To install Gnumeric as a package:" msgstr "安裝 Gnumeric 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13799 +#: book.translate.xml:13901 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gnumeric" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13804 +#: book.translate.xml:13906 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/math/gnumeric\n" @@ -21899,17 +22074,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13809 +#: book.translate.xml:13911 msgid "KMyMoney" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13811 +#: book.translate.xml:13913 msgid "KMyMoney" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13813 +#: book.translate.xml:13915 msgid "" "spreadsheet KMyMoney" @@ -21918,7 +22093,7 @@ "secondary>" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13818 +#: book.translate.xml:13920 msgid "" "KMyMoney is a personal finance application " "created by the KDE community. " @@ -21937,18 +22112,18 @@ "多種貨幣並提供財務報表。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13829 +#: book.translate.xml:13931 msgid "To install KMyMoney as a package:" msgstr "要以套件安裝 KMyMoney：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13832 +#: book.translate.xml:13934 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install kmymoney-kde4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13837 +#: book.translate.xml:13939 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/finance/kmymoney-kde4\n" @@ -21956,12 +22131,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:13852 +#: book.translate.xml:13954 msgid "Multimedia" msgstr "多媒體" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:13855 +#: book.translate.xml:13957 msgid "" " Ross Lippert Edited by " @@ -21968,7 +22143,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13868 +#: book.translate.xml:13970 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports a wide variety of sound cards, allowing users to enjoy high " "fidelity output from a FreeBSD system. This includes the ability to record " @@ -21984,7 +22159,7 @@ "MIDI 配備的應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13877 +#: book.translate.xml:13979 msgid "" "FreeBSD also supports the playback of video files and DVDs. The FreeBSD Ports Collection contains applications to encode, " @@ -21994,7 +22169,7 @@ "中含有可編碼、轉換以及播放格種影像媒體的應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13882 +#: book.translate.xml:13984 msgid "" "This chapter describes how to configure sound cards, video playback, TV " "tuner cards, and scanners on FreeBSD. It also describes some of the " @@ -22004,32 +22179,32 @@ "有那些應用程式可以使用這些裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13887 +#: book.translate.xml:13989 msgid "After reading this chapter, you will know how to:" msgstr "讀完這章，您將了解：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13891 +#: book.translate.xml:13993 msgid "Configure a sound card on FreeBSD." msgstr "設定 FreeBSD 上的音效卡。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13895 +#: book.translate.xml:13997 msgid "Troubleshoot the sound setup." msgstr "音效設定疑難排解。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13899 +#: book.translate.xml:14001 msgid "Playback and encode MP3s and other audio." msgstr "播放、錄製 MP3 及其他聲音檔案格式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13903 +#: book.translate.xml:14005 msgid "Prepare a FreeBSD system for video playback." msgstr "FreeBSD 系統播放影像的準備工具。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13907 +#: book.translate.xml:14009 msgid "" "Play DVDs, .mpg, and .avi files." @@ -22038,7 +22213,7 @@ "filename> 檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13912 +#: book.translate.xml:14014 msgid "" "Rip CD and DVD content into files." msgstr "" @@ -22045,33 +22220,33 @@ "擷取(Rip) CD 和 DVD的內容至檔案。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13917 +#: book.translate.xml:14019 msgid "Configure a TV card." msgstr "設定電視卡。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13921 +#: book.translate.xml:14023 msgid "Install and setup MythTV on FreeBSD" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 安裝 MythTV 。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13925 +#: book.translate.xml:14027 msgid "Configure an image scanner." msgstr "設定影像掃描機。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13932 +#: book.translate.xml:14034 msgid "" "Know how to install applications as described in ." msgstr "知道如何安裝應用程式如 所敘述。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:13939 +#: book.translate.xml:14041 msgid "Setting Up the Sound Card" msgstr "設定音效卡" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:13942 +#: book.translate.xml:14044 msgid "" " Moses Moore Contributed by " @@ -22078,7 +22253,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:13952 +#: book.translate.xml:14054 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille Enhanced by " @@ -22085,17 +22260,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13962 +#: book.translate.xml:14064 msgid "PCI" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13963 +#: book.translate.xml:14065 msgid "sound cards" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13964 +#: book.translate.xml:14066 msgid "" "Before beginning the configuration, determine the model of the sound card " "and the chip it uses. FreeBSD supports a wide variety of sound cards. Check " @@ -22109,12 +22284,12 @@ "援以及如何在 FreeBSD 上驅動。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13971 +#: book.translate.xml:14073 msgid "kernel configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13976 +#: book.translate.xml:14078 msgid "" "In order to use the sound device, its device driver must be loaded. The " "easiest way is to load a kernel module for the sound card with " @@ -22128,13 +22303,13 @@ "效晶片驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13982 +#: book.translate.xml:14084 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload snd_hda" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13984 +#: book.translate.xml:14086 msgid "" "To automate the loading of this driver at boot time, add the driver to " "/boot/loader.conf. The line for this driver is:" @@ -22143,13 +22318,13 @@ "filename> 檔，以此驅動程式為例：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:13988 +#: book.translate.xml:14090 #, no-wrap msgid "snd_hda_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13990 +#: book.translate.xml:14092 msgid "" "Other available sound modules are listed in /boot/defaults/loader." "conf. When unsure which driver to use, load the " @@ -22160,13 +22335,13 @@ "filename> 模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13995 +#: book.translate.xml:14097 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload snd_driver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13997 +#: book.translate.xml:14099 msgid "" "This is a metadriver which loads all of the most common sound drivers and " "can be used to speed up the search for the correct driver. It is also " @@ -22178,7 +22353,7 @@ "所有音效驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14003 +#: book.translate.xml:14105 msgid "" "To determine which driver was selected for the sound card after loading the " "snd_driver metadriver, type cat /dev/sndstatcat /dev/sndstat。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14008 +#: book.translate.xml:14110 msgid "Configuring a Custom Kernel with Sound Support" msgstr "設定自訂核心支援音效" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14010 +#: book.translate.xml:14112 msgid "" "This section is for users who prefer to statically compile in support for " "the sound card in a custom kernel. For more information about recompiling a " @@ -22201,7 +22376,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14014 +#: book.translate.xml:14116 msgid "" "When using a custom kernel to provide sound support, make sure that the " "audio framework driver exists in the custom kernel configuration file:" @@ -22208,13 +22383,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14018 +#: book.translate.xml:14120 #, no-wrap msgid "device sound" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14020 +#: book.translate.xml:14122 msgid "" "Next, add support for the sound card. To continue the example of the built-" "in audio chipset based on the Intel specification from the previous section, " @@ -22222,13 +22397,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14025 +#: book.translate.xml:14127 #, no-wrap msgid "device snd_hda" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14027 +#: book.translate.xml:14129 msgid "" "Be sure to read the manual page of the driver for the device name to use for " "the driver." @@ -22235,7 +22410,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14030 +#: book.translate.xml:14132 msgid "" "Non-PnP ISA sound cards may require the IRQ and I/O port settings of the " "card to be added to /boot/device.hints. During the boot " @@ -22250,7 +22425,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14040 +#: book.translate.xml:14142 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device snd_sbc\n" @@ -22258,7 +22433,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14043 +#: book.translate.xml:14145 msgid "" "If the card uses the 0x220 I/O port and IRQ 5, these lines must also be added to /boot/device.hints/boot/device.hints is described in " "sound4dmesg | grep pcm# cat /dev/sndstat\n" @@ -22334,7 +22509,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14085 +#: book.translate.xml:14187 msgid "" "The output will vary depending upon the sound card. If no pcm devices are listed, double-check that the correct device driver " @@ -22343,7 +22518,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14091 +#: book.translate.xml:14193 msgid "" "If all goes well, the sound card should now work in FreeBSD. If the " "CD or DVD drive is properly connected " @@ -22353,13 +22528,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14097 +#: book.translate.xml:14199 #, no-wrap msgid "% cdcontrol -f /dev/acd0 play 1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:14100 +#: book.translate.xml:14202 msgid "" "Audio CDs have specialized encodings which means that " "they should not be mounted using mountaudio/workman, provide a " "friendlier interface. The audio/mpg123 port can be " @@ -22375,7 +22550,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14110 +#: book.translate.xml:14212 msgid "" "Another quick way to test the card is to send data to /dev/dsp:" @@ -22382,13 +22557,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14113 +#: book.translate.xml:14215 #, no-wrap msgid "% cat filename > /dev/dsp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14115 +#: book.translate.xml:14217 msgid "" "where filename can be any " "type of file. This command should produce some noise, confirming that the " @@ -22396,7 +22571,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:14121 +#: book.translate.xml:14223 msgid "" "The /dev/dsp* device nodes will be created " "automatically as needed. When not in use, they do not exist and will not " @@ -22405,32 +22580,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14129 +#: book.translate.xml:14231 msgid "Troubleshooting Sound" msgstr "疑難排解音效" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14131 +#: book.translate.xml:14233 msgid "device nodes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14132 +#: book.translate.xml:14234 msgid "I/O port" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14133 +#: book.translate.xml:14235 msgid "IRQ" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14134 +#: book.translate.xml:14236 msgid "DSP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14136 +#: book.translate.xml:14238 msgid "" " lists some common " "error messages and their solutions:" @@ -22437,37 +22612,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:14140 +#: book.translate.xml:14242 msgid "Common Error Messages" msgstr "常見錯誤訊息" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14145 +#: book.translate.xml:14247 msgid "Error" msgstr "錯誤" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14146 +#: book.translate.xml:14248 msgid "Solution" msgstr "解決方式" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14152 +#: book.translate.xml:14254 msgid "sb_dspwr(XX) timed out" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:14154 +#: book.translate.xml:14256 msgid "The I/O port is not set correctly." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14159 +#: book.translate.xml:14261 msgid "bad irq XX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:14160 +#: book.translate.xml:14262 msgid "" "The IRQ is set incorrectly. Make sure that the set IRQ and the sound IRQ are " "the same." @@ -22474,22 +22649,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14166 +#: book.translate.xml:14268 msgid "xxx: gus pcm not attached, out of memory" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:14168 +#: book.translate.xml:14270 msgid "There is not enough available memory to use the device." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14173 +#: book.translate.xml:14275 msgid "xxx: can't open /dev/dsp!" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:14175 +#: book.translate.xml:14277 msgid "" "Type fstat | grep dsp to check if another application is " "holding the device open. Noteworthy troublemakers are esoundHDMI. This sound device is sometimes enumerated before " @@ -22508,7 +22683,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14195 +#: book.translate.xml:14297 #, no-wrap msgid "" "...\n" @@ -22531,7 +22706,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14213 +#: book.translate.xml:14315 msgid "" "In this example, the graphics card (NVidia) has been " "enumerated before the sound card (Realtek ALC889). To use " @@ -22540,13 +22715,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14220 +#: book.translate.xml:14322 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl hw.snd.default_unit=n" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14222 +#: book.translate.xml:14324 msgid "" "where n is the number of the sound device to use. In this " "example, it should be 4. Make this change permanent by " @@ -22554,18 +22729,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14228 +#: book.translate.xml:14330 #, no-wrap msgid "hw.snd.default_unit=4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:14233 +#: book.translate.xml:14335 msgid "Utilizing Multiple Sound Sources" msgstr "使用多個音效來源" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:14236 +#: book.translate.xml:14338 msgid "" " Munish Chopra Contributed by " @@ -22572,7 +22747,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14246 +#: book.translate.xml:14348 msgid "" "It is often desirable to have multiple sources of sound that are able to " "play simultaneously. FreeBSD uses Virtual Sound Channels to " @@ -22580,7 +22755,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14251 +#: book.translate.xml:14353 msgid "" "Three sysctl8 knobs are available for configuring virtual " @@ -22588,7 +22763,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14254 +#: book.translate.xml:14356 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4\n" @@ -22597,7 +22772,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14258 +#: book.translate.xml:14360 msgid "" "This example allocates four virtual channels, which is a practical number " "for everyday use. Both dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4 and " @@ -22612,7 +22787,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:14271 +#: book.translate.xml:14373 msgid "" "The number of virtual channels for a device cannot be changed while it is in " "use. First, close any programs using the device, such as music players or " @@ -22620,7 +22795,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14276 +#: book.translate.xml:14378 msgid "" "The correct pcm device will automatically be allocated " "transparently to a program that requests /dev/dsp0." @@ -22627,12 +22802,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:14283 +#: book.translate.xml:14385 msgid "Setting Default Values for Mixer Channels" msgstr "設定混音器頻道的預設值" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:14286 +#: book.translate.xml:14388 msgid "" " Josef El-Rayes Contributed by " @@ -22639,7 +22814,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14296 +#: book.translate.xml:14398 msgid "" "The default values for the different mixer channels are hardcoded in the " "source code of the pcm50 " "when the pcm4 Chern Lee Contributed by " @@ -22678,7 +22853,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14328 +#: book.translate.xml:14430 msgid "" "This section describes some MP3 players available for " "FreeBSD, how to rip audio CD tracks, and how to encode " @@ -22686,12 +22861,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14334 +#: book.translate.xml:14436 msgid "MP3 Players" msgstr "MP3 播放器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14336 +#: book.translate.xml:14438 msgid "" "A popular graphical MP3 player is XMMS. It supports Winamp skins and " @@ -22703,7 +22878,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14346 +#: book.translate.xml:14448 msgid "" "The audio/mpg123 package or port provides an alternative, " "command-line MP3 player. Once installed, specify the " @@ -22712,7 +22887,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14352 +#: book.translate.xml:14454 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mpg123 -a /dev/dsp1.0 Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3\n" @@ -22725,7 +22900,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14360 +#: book.translate.xml:14462 msgid "" "Additional MP3 players are available in the FreeBSD Ports " "Collection." @@ -22732,12 +22907,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14365 +#: book.translate.xml:14467 msgid "Ripping CD Audio Tracks" msgstr "擷取 CD 音軌" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14367 +#: book.translate.xml:14469 msgid "" "Before encoding a CD or CD track to " "MP3, the audio data on the CD must be " @@ -22747,7 +22922,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14374 +#: book.translate.xml:14476 msgid "" "The cdda2wav tool, which is installed with the " "sysutils/cdrtools suite, can be used to rip audio " @@ -22755,7 +22930,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14379 +#: book.translate.xml:14481 msgid "" "With the audio CD in the drive, the following command can " "be issued as root to rip an " @@ -22764,13 +22939,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14385 +#: book.translate.xml:14487 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -B" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14387 +#: book.translate.xml:14489 msgid "" "In this example, the " "indicates the SCSI device 0,1,0 " @@ -22779,29 +22954,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14394 +#: book.translate.xml:14496 msgid "To rip individual tracks, use to specify the track:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14397 +#: book.translate.xml:14499 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14399 +#: book.translate.xml:14501 msgid "To rip a range of tracks, such as track one to seven, specify a range:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14402 +#: book.translate.xml:14504 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 1+7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14404 +#: book.translate.xml:14506 msgid "" "To rip from an ATAPI (IDE) " "CDROM drive, specify the device name in place of the " @@ -22810,13 +22985,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14410 +#: book.translate.xml:14512 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdda2wav -D /dev/acd0 -t 7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14412 +#: book.translate.xml:14514 msgid "" "Alternately, dd can be used to extract audio tracks on " "ATAPI drives, as described in Lame is a popular MP3 encoder " "which can be installed from the audio/lame port. Due to " @@ -22837,7 +23012,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14425 +#: book.translate.xml:14527 msgid "" "The following command will convert the ripped WAV file " "audio01.wav to " @@ -22845,7 +23020,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14430 +#: book.translate.xml:14532 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lame -h -b 128 --tt \"Foo Song Title\" --ta \"FooBar Artist\" --tl \"FooBar Album\" \\\n" @@ -22853,7 +23028,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14433 +#: book.translate.xml:14535 msgid "" "The specified 128 kbits is a standard MP3 bitrate while " "the 160 and 192 bitrates provide higher quality. The higher the bitrate, the " @@ -22866,7 +23041,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14446 +#: book.translate.xml:14548 msgid "" "In order to burn an audio CD from MP3s, they must first be converted to a non-compressed file format. " @@ -22877,7 +23052,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14454 +#: book.translate.xml:14556 msgid "" "To convert audio01.mp3 using mpg123, specify the name of the PCM file:" @@ -22884,13 +23059,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14458 +#: book.translate.xml:14560 #, no-wrap msgid "# mpg123 -s audio01.mp3 > audio01.pcm" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14460 +#: book.translate.xml:14562 msgid "" "To use XMMS to convert a MP3 " "to WAV format, use these steps:" @@ -22897,7 +23072,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:14465 +#: book.translate.xml:14567 msgid "" "Converting to WAV Format in XMMS" @@ -22904,38 +23079,38 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14469 +#: book.translate.xml:14571 msgid "Launch XMMS." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14473 +#: book.translate.xml:14575 msgid "" "Right-click the window to bring up the XMMS menu." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14478 +#: book.translate.xml:14580 msgid "Select Preferences under Options." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14483 +#: book.translate.xml:14585 msgid "Change the Output Plugin to Disk Writer Plugin." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14488 +#: book.translate.xml:14590 msgid "Press Configure." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14492 +#: book.translate.xml:14594 msgid "Enter or browse to a directory to write the uncompressed files to." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14497 +#: book.translate.xml:14599 msgid "" "Load the MP3 file into XMMS as " "usual, with volume at 100% and EQ settings turned off." @@ -22942,7 +23117,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14503 +#: book.translate.xml:14605 msgid "" "Press Play. The XMMS will " "appear as if it is playing the MP3, but no music will be " @@ -22950,7 +23125,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14511 +#: book.translate.xml:14613 msgid "" "When finished, be sure to set the default Output Plugin back to what it was " "before in order to listen to MP3s again." @@ -22957,7 +23132,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14517 +#: book.translate.xml:14619 msgid "" "Both the WAV and PCM formats can be " "used with cdrecord. When using WAV% sox -t wav -r 44100 -s -w -c 2 track.wav track.raw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14527 +#: book.translate.xml:14629 msgid "" "Refer to for more information on using a " "CD burner in FreeBSD." @@ -22981,12 +23156,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:14535 +#: book.translate.xml:14637 msgid "Video Playback" msgstr "影片播放" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:14538 +#: book.translate.xml:14640 msgid "" " Ross Lippert Contributed by " @@ -22993,7 +23168,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14548 +#: book.translate.xml:14650 msgid "" "Before configuring video playback, determine the model and chipset of the " "video card. While Xorg supports a wide variety of " @@ -23004,7 +23179,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14557 +#: book.translate.xml:14659 msgid "" "It is a good idea to have a short MPEG test file for evaluating various " "players and options. Since some DVD applications look for " @@ -23014,13 +23189,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14564 +#: book.translate.xml:14666 #, no-wrap msgid "# ln -sf /dev/cd0 /dev/dvd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14566 +#: book.translate.xml:14668 msgid "" "Due to the nature of devfs5, manually created " @@ -23030,13 +23205,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14571 +#: book.translate.xml:14673 #, no-wrap msgid "link cd0 dvd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14573 +#: book.translate.xml:14675 msgid "" "DVD decryption invokes certain functions that require " "write permission to the DVD device." @@ -23043,7 +23218,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14577 +#: book.translate.xml:14679 msgid "" "To enhance the shared memory Xorg interface, it " "is recommended to increase the values of these " @@ -23052,7 +23227,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14582 +#: book.translate.xml:14684 #, no-wrap msgid "" "kern.ipc.shmmax=67108864\n" @@ -23060,27 +23235,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14586 +#: book.translate.xml:14688 msgid "Determining Video Capabilities" msgstr "偵測影像處理能力" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14588 +#: book.translate.xml:14690 msgid "XVideo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14589 +#: book.translate.xml:14691 msgid "SDL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14590 +#: book.translate.xml:14692 msgid "DGA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14592 +#: book.translate.xml:14694 msgid "" "There are several possible ways to display video under Xorg and what works is largely hardware dependent. Each method " @@ -23088,17 +23263,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14597 +#: book.translate.xml:14699 msgid "Common video interfaces include:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14601 +#: book.translate.xml:14703 msgid "Xorg: normal output using shared memory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14606 +#: book.translate.xml:14708 msgid "" "XVideo: an extension to the Xorg interface which " "allows video to be directly displayed in drawable objects through a special " @@ -23108,7 +23283,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14616 +#: book.translate.xml:14718 msgid "" "SDL: the Simple Directmedia Layer is a porting layer for " "many operating systems, allowing cross-platform applications to be developed " @@ -23120,7 +23295,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14628 +#: book.translate.xml:14730 msgid "" "DGA: the Direct Graphics Access is an Xorg extension which allows a program to bypass the " @@ -23134,34 +23309,34 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14643 +#: book.translate.xml:14745 msgid "SVGAlib: a low level console graphics layer." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:14648 +#: book.translate.xml:14750 msgid "XVideo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14650 +#: book.translate.xml:14752 msgid "" "To check whether this extension is running, use xvinfo:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14653 +#: book.translate.xml:14755 #, no-wrap msgid "% xvinfo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14655 +#: book.translate.xml:14757 msgid "XVideo is supported for the card if the result is similar to:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14658 +#: book.translate.xml:14760 #, no-wrap msgid "" "X-Video Extension version 2.2\n" @@ -23235,7 +23410,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14727 +#: book.translate.xml:14829 msgid "" "The formats listed, such as YUV2 and YUV12, are not present with every " "implementation of XVideo and their absence may hinder some players." @@ -23242,12 +23417,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14731 +#: book.translate.xml:14833 msgid "If the result instead looks like:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14733 +#: book.translate.xml:14835 #, no-wrap msgid "" "X-Video Extension version 2.2\n" @@ -23256,7 +23431,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14737 +#: book.translate.xml:14839 msgid "" "XVideo is probably not supported for the card. This means that it will be " "more difficult for the display to meet the computational demands of " @@ -23264,22 +23439,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14745 +#: book.translate.xml:14847 msgid "Ports and Packages Dealing with Video" msgstr "可處理影像的 Port 與套件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14747 +#: book.translate.xml:14849 msgid "video ports" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14748 +#: book.translate.xml:14850 msgid "video packages" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14750 +#: book.translate.xml:14852 msgid "" "This section introduces some of the software available from the FreeBSD " "Ports Collection which can be used for video playback." @@ -23286,7 +23461,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:14755 +#: book.translate.xml:14857 msgid "" "MPlayer and MEncoder" msgstr "" @@ -23293,7 +23468,7 @@ "MPlayer 與 MEncoder" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14758 +#: book.translate.xml:14860 msgid "" "MPlayer is a command-line video player with an " "optional graphical interface which aims to provide speed and flexibility. " @@ -23302,12 +23477,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14764 +#: book.translate.xml:14866 msgid "MPlayer" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14766 +#: book.translate.xml:14868 msgid "" "MPlayer can be installed using the " "multimedia/mplayer package or port. Several compile " @@ -23317,7 +23492,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14773 +#: book.translate.xml:14875 msgid "" "When compiling the port, the menu options should be reviewed to determine " "the type of support to compile into the port. If an option is not selected, " @@ -23328,7 +23503,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14782 +#: book.translate.xml:14884 msgid "" "By default, the package or port will build the mplayer " "command line utility and the gmplayer graphical utility. " @@ -23338,7 +23513,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14789 +#: book.translate.xml:14891 msgid "" "The first time MPlayer is run, it will create " "~/.mplayer in the user's home directory. This " @@ -23347,7 +23522,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14794 +#: book.translate.xml:14896 msgid "" "This section describes only a few common uses. Refer to mplayer(1) for a " "complete description of its numerous options." @@ -23354,7 +23529,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14798 +#: book.translate.xml:14900 msgid "" "To play the file testfile.avi, specify the video interfaces with , as seen " @@ -23362,37 +23537,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14803 +#: book.translate.xml:14905 #, no-wrap msgid "% mplayer -vo xv testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14805 +#: book.translate.xml:14907 #, no-wrap msgid "% mplayer -vo sdl testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14807 +#: book.translate.xml:14909 #, no-wrap msgid "% mplayer -vo x11 testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14809 +#: book.translate.xml:14911 #, no-wrap msgid "# mplayer -vo dga testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14811 +#: book.translate.xml:14913 #, no-wrap msgid "# mplayer -vo 'sdl:dga' testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14813 +#: book.translate.xml:14915 msgid "" "It is worth trying all of these options, as their relative performance " "depends on many factors and will vary significantly with hardware." @@ -23399,7 +23574,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14817 +#: book.translate.xml:14919 msgid "" "To play a DVD, replace testfile." "avi with , which " "engages fullscreen mode, and , which helps " @@ -23441,7 +23616,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14847 +#: book.translate.xml:14949 msgid "" "Each user can add commonly used options to their ~/.mplayer/" "config like so:" @@ -23448,7 +23623,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14850 +#: book.translate.xml:14952 #, no-wrap msgid "" "vo=xv\n" @@ -23457,7 +23632,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14854 +#: book.translate.xml:14956 msgid "" "mplayer can be used to rip a DVD title " "to a .vob. To dump the second title from a " @@ -23465,13 +23640,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14859 +#: book.translate.xml:14961 #, no-wrap msgid "# mplayer -dumpstream -dumpfile out.vob dvd://2 -dvd-device /dev/dvd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14861 +#: book.translate.xml:14963 msgid "" "The output file, out.vob, will be in MPEG format." @@ -23478,7 +23653,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14864 +#: book.translate.xml:14966 msgid "" "Anyone wishing to obtain a high level of expertise with UNIX video should consult mencoder" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14874 +#: book.translate.xml:14976 msgid "" "Before using mencoder, it is a good idea to become " "familiar with the options described at % mencoder input.avi -oac copy -ovc copy -o output.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14887 +#: book.translate.xml:14989 msgid "" "To rip to a file, use with mplayer." @@ -23524,7 +23699,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14890 +#: book.translate.xml:14992 msgid "" "To convert input.avi to the " "MPEG4 codec with MPEG3 audio encoding, first install the audio/" @@ -23533,7 +23708,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14897 +#: book.translate.xml:14999 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% mencoder input.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts br=192 \\\n" @@ -23541,7 +23716,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14900 +#: book.translate.xml:15002 msgid "" "This will produce output playable by applications such as mplayer and xine." @@ -23548,7 +23723,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14904 +#: book.translate.xml:15006 msgid "" "input.avi can be replaced " "with and run as xine Video Player" msgstr "xine 影像播放器" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14917 +#: book.translate.xml:15019 msgid "" "xine is a video player with a reusable base " "library and a modular executable which can be extended with plugins. It can " @@ -23571,7 +23746,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14922 +#: book.translate.xml:15024 msgid "" "In practice, xine requires either a fast CPU with " "a fast video card, or support for the XVideo extension. The " @@ -23580,7 +23755,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14927 +#: book.translate.xml:15029 msgid "" "By default, the xine player starts a graphical " "user interface. The menus can then be used to open a specific file." @@ -23587,7 +23762,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14931 +#: book.translate.xml:15033 msgid "" "Alternatively, xine may be invoked from the " "command line by specifying the name of the file to play:" @@ -23594,13 +23769,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14935 +#: book.translate.xml:15037 #, no-wrap msgid "% xine -g -p mymovie.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14937 +#: book.translate.xml:15039 msgid "" "Refer to xine-project." "org/faq for more information and troubleshooting tips." @@ -23607,12 +23782,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:14943 +#: book.translate.xml:15045 msgid "The Transcode Utilities" msgstr "Transcode 工具" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14946 +#: book.translate.xml:15048 msgid "" "Transcode provides a suite of tools for re-" "encoding video and audio files. Transcode can be " @@ -23621,7 +23796,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14952 +#: book.translate.xml:15054 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, Transcode can be installed using the " "multimedia/transcode package or port. Many users prefer " @@ -23634,7 +23809,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14963 +#: book.translate.xml:15065 msgid "" "This example demonstrates how to convert a DivX file into a PAL MPEG-1 file " "(PAL VCD):" @@ -23641,7 +23816,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14966 +#: book.translate.xml:15068 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% transcode -i input.avi -V --export_prof vcd-pal -o output_vcd\n" @@ -23649,7 +23824,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14969 +#: book.translate.xml:15071 msgid "" "The resulting MPEG file, " "output_vcd.mpg, is ready to " @@ -23660,7 +23835,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14978 +#: book.translate.xml:15080 msgid "" "In addition to the manual page for transcode, refer to " " Josef El-Rayes Original contribution by " @@ -23681,7 +23856,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:15000 +#: book.translate.xml:15102 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille Enhanced and adapted by " @@ -23688,12 +23863,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15010 +#: book.translate.xml:15112 msgid "TV cards" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15014 +#: book.translate.xml:15116 msgid "" "TV cards can be used to watch broadcast or cable TV on a computer. Most " "cards accept composite video via an RCA or S-video input " @@ -23704,7 +23879,7 @@ "FM 廣播的功能。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15019 +#: book.translate.xml:15121 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides support for PCI-based TV cards using a Brooktree " "Bt848/849/878/879 video capture chip with the " @@ -23722,12 +23897,12 @@ "manvolnum> 說明，以查看所支援的硬體清單。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15026 +#: book.translate.xml:15128 msgid "Loading the Driver" msgstr "載入驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15028 +#: book.translate.xml:15130 msgid "" "In order to use the card, the bktr4 driver must be loaded. " @@ -23739,13 +23914,13 @@ "在 /boot/loader.conf 檔加上下面這一行就可以了：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15032 +#: book.translate.xml:15134 #, no-wrap msgid "bktr_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15034 +#: book.translate.xml:15136 msgid "" "Alternatively, one can statically compile support for the TV card into a " "custom kernel. In that case, add the following lines to the custom kernel " @@ -23755,7 +23930,7 @@ "加入以下行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15039 +#: book.translate.xml:15141 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device\t bktr\n" @@ -23765,7 +23940,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15044 +#: book.translate.xml:15146 msgid "" "These additional devices are necessary as the card components are " "interconnected via an I2C bus. Then, build and install a new kernel." @@ -23774,7 +23949,7 @@ "連接的。接下來，請編譯、安裝新的核心 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15048 +#: book.translate.xml:15150 msgid "" "To test that the tuner is correctly detected, reboot the system. The TV card " "should appear in the boot messages, as seen in this example:" @@ -23783,7 +23958,7 @@ "機訊息檔中，如同此範例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15052 +#: book.translate.xml:15154 #, no-wrap msgid "" "bktr0: <BrookTree 848A> mem 0xd7000000-0xd7000fff irq 10 at device 10.0 on pci0\n" @@ -23795,7 +23970,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15059 +#: book.translate.xml:15161 msgid "" "The messages will differ according to the hardware. If necessary, it is " "possible to override some of the detected parameters using " @@ -23810,13 +23985,13 @@ "SECAM 調諧器則可加入下列行至自訂核心設定檔：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15066 +#: book.translate.xml:15168 #, no-wrap msgid "options OVERRIDE_TUNER=6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15068 +#: book.translate.xml:15170 msgid "" "or, use sysctl8:" @@ -23825,13 +24000,13 @@ "manvolnum>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15070 +#: book.translate.xml:15172 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl hw.bt848.tuner=6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15072 +#: book.translate.xml:15174 msgid "" "Refer to bktr4 for a description of the available " @@ -23844,17 +24019,17 @@ "項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15077 +#: book.translate.xml:15179 msgid "Useful Applications" msgstr "好用的應用程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15079 +#: book.translate.xml:15181 msgid "To use the TV card, install one of the following applications:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15084 +#: book.translate.xml:15186 msgid "" "multimedia/fxtv provides TV-in-a-window and image/audio/" "video capture capabilities." @@ -23861,7 +24036,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15089 +#: book.translate.xml:15191 msgid "" "multimedia/xawtv is another TV application with similar " "features." @@ -23868,7 +24043,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15093 +#: book.translate.xml:15195 msgid "" "audio/xmradio provides an application for using the FM " "radio tuner of a TV card." @@ -23875,12 +24050,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15099 +#: book.translate.xml:15201 msgid "More applications are available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15106 +#: book.translate.xml:15208 msgid "" "If any problems are encountered with the TV card, check that the video " "capture chip and the tuner are supported by " @@ -23892,12 +24067,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:15115 +#: book.translate.xml:15217 msgid "MythTV" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15117 +#: book.translate.xml:15219 msgid "" "MythTV is a popular, open source Personal Video Recorder (PVR) application. This section demonstrates how to install and setup " @@ -23906,7 +24081,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15122 +#: book.translate.xml:15224 msgid "" "MythTV requires a frontend and a backend. These components can either be " "installed on the same system or on different machines." @@ -23913,7 +24088,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15126 +#: book.translate.xml:15228 msgid "" "The frontend can be installed on FreeBSD using the multimedia/" "mythtv-frontend package or port. Xorg " @@ -23924,7 +24099,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15135 +#: book.translate.xml:15237 msgid "" "To install both the backend and the frontend on FreeBSD, use the " "multimedia/mythtv package or port. A MySQLV4L) to access video input " "devices such as encoders and tuners. In FreeBSD, MythTV works best with " @@ -23958,7 +24133,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15163 +#: book.translate.xml:15265 msgid "" "The wiki.freebsd.org/HTPC page contains a list of all available DVB drivers." @@ -23965,17 +24140,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15169 +#: book.translate.xml:15271 msgid "Setting up the MythTV Backend" msgstr "設定 MythTV 後端" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15171 -msgid "To install MythTV using the port:" +#: book.translate.xml:15273 +msgid "To install MythTV using binary packages:" +msgstr "要使用 Binary 套件安裝 MythTV 可：" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:15275 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# pkg install mythtv" msgstr "" +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:15277 +msgid "Alternatively, to install from the Ports Collecton:" +msgstr "或由 Port 套件集安裝：" + #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15173 +#: book.translate.xml:15279 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mythtv\n" @@ -23983,34 +24169,34 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15176 +#: book.translate.xml:15282 msgid "Once installed, set up the MythTV database:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15178 +#: book.translate.xml:15284 #, no-wrap msgid "# mysql -uroot -p < /usr/local/share/mythtv/database/mc.sql" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15180 +#: book.translate.xml:15286 msgid "Then, configure the backend:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15182 +#: book.translate.xml:15288 #, no-wrap msgid "# mythtv-setup" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15184 +#: book.translate.xml:15290 msgid "Finally, start the backend:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15186 +#: book.translate.xml:15292 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# echo 'mythbackend_enable=\"YES\"' >> /etc/rc.conf\n" @@ -24018,12 +24204,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:15193 +#: book.translate.xml:15299 msgid "Image Scanners" msgstr "影像掃描器" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:15196 +#: book.translate.xml:15302 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille Written by " @@ -24030,12 +24216,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15206 +#: book.translate.xml:15312 msgid "image scanners" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15210 +#: book.translate.xml:15316 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, access to image scanners is provided by SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy), which is available in the FreeBSD " @@ -24044,7 +24230,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15216 +#: book.translate.xml:15322 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports both SCSI and USB " "scanners. Depending upon the scanner interface, different device drivers are " @@ -24056,7 +24242,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15224 +#: book.translate.xml:15330 msgid "" "This chapter describes how to determine if the scanner has been detected by " "FreeBSD. It then provides an overview of how to configure and use " @@ -24064,12 +24250,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15230 +#: book.translate.xml:15336 msgid "Checking the Scanner" msgstr "檢查掃描器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15232 +#: book.translate.xml:15338 msgid "" "The GENERIC kernel includes the device drivers needed " "to support USB scanners. Users with a custom kernel " @@ -24078,7 +24264,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15238 +#: book.translate.xml:15344 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device usb\n" @@ -24088,7 +24274,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15243 +#: book.translate.xml:15349 msgid "" "To determine if the USB scanner is detected, plug it in " "and use dmesg to determine whether the scanner appears in " @@ -24097,13 +24283,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15249 +#: book.translate.xml:15355 #, no-wrap msgid "ugen0.2: <EPSON> at usbus0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15251 +#: book.translate.xml:15357 msgid "" "In this example, an EPSON Perfection 1650 USB scanner was detected on /" @@ -24111,7 +24297,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15256 +#: book.translate.xml:15362 msgid "" "If the scanner uses a SCSI interface, it is important to " "know which SCSI controller board it will use. Depending " @@ -24125,7 +24311,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15268 +#: book.translate.xml:15374 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device scbus\n" @@ -24133,12 +24319,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15271 +#: book.translate.xml:15377 msgid "Verify that the device is displayed in the system message buffer:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15274 +#: book.translate.xml:15380 #, no-wrap msgid "" "pass2 at aic0 bus 0 target 2 lun 0\n" @@ -24147,7 +24333,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15278 +#: book.translate.xml:15384 msgid "" "If the scanner was not powered-on at system boot, it is still possible to " "manually force detection by performing a SCSI bus scan " @@ -24155,7 +24341,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15283 +#: book.translate.xml:15389 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# camcontrol rescan all\n" @@ -24166,13 +24352,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15289 +#: book.translate.xml:15395 msgid "" "The scanner should now appear in the SCSI devices list:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15292 +#: book.translate.xml:15398 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# camcontrol devlist\n" @@ -24183,7 +24369,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15298 +#: book.translate.xml:15404 msgid "" "Refer to scsi4 and camcontrolSANE Configuration" msgstr "SANE 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15305 +#: book.translate.xml:15411 msgid "" "The SANE system is split in two parts: the " "backends (graphics/sane-backends) and the frontends " @@ -24212,8 +24398,34 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15318 +#: book.translate.xml:15424 +msgid "To install the two parts from binary packages:" +msgstr "要由 Binary 套件安裝這兩個部份可：" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:15426 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# pkg install xsane sane-frontends" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:15428 +msgid "Alternatively, to install from the Ports Collection" +msgstr "或由 Port 套件集安裝：" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:15430 +#, no-wrap msgid "" +"# cd /usr/ports/graphics/sane-frontends\n" +"# make install clean\n" +"# cd /usr/ports/graphics/xsane\n" +"# make install clean" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:15435 +msgid "" "After installing the graphics/sane-backends port or " "package, use sane-find-scanner to check the scanner " "detection by the SANE system:" @@ -24220,7 +24432,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15324 +#: book.translate.xml:15441 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sane-find-scanner -q\n" @@ -24228,7 +24440,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15327 +#: book.translate.xml:15444 msgid "" "The output should show the interface type of the scanner and the device node " "used to attach the scanner to the system. The vendor and the product model " @@ -24236,7 +24448,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:15332 +#: book.translate.xml:15449 msgid "" "Some USB scanners require firmware to be loaded. Refer to " "sane-find-scanner(1) and sane(7) for details." @@ -24243,7 +24455,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15337 +#: book.translate.xml:15454 msgid "" "Next, check if the scanner will be identified by a scanning frontend. The " "SANE backends include scanimage# scanimage -L\n" @@ -24264,7 +24476,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15350 +#: book.translate.xml:15467 msgid "" "In this second example, 'epson2:libusb:/dev/usb:/dev/ugen0.2' is the backend name (epson2) and /dev/" @@ -24272,7 +24484,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15356 +#: book.translate.xml:15473 msgid "" "If scanimage is unable to identify the scanner, this " "message will appear:" @@ -24279,7 +24491,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15359 +#: book.translate.xml:15476 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# scanimage -L\n" @@ -24291,7 +24503,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15366 +#: book.translate.xml:15483 msgid "" "If this happens, edit the backend configuration file in /usr/local/" "etc/sane.d/ and define the scanner device used. For example, if " @@ -24303,13 +24515,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15376 +#: book.translate.xml:15493 #, no-wrap msgid "usb /dev/ugen0.2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15378 +#: book.translate.xml:15495 msgid "" "Save the edits and verify that the scanner is identified with the right " "backend name and the device node:" @@ -24316,7 +24528,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15381 +#: book.translate.xml:15498 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# scanimage -L\n" @@ -24324,7 +24536,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15384 +#: book.translate.xml:15501 msgid "" "Once scanimage -L sees the scanner, the configuration is " "complete and the scanner is now ready to use." @@ -24331,7 +24543,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15388 +#: book.translate.xml:15505 msgid "" "While scanimage can be used to perform an image " "acquisition from the command line, it is often preferable to use a graphical " @@ -24341,7 +24553,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15395 +#: book.translate.xml:15512 msgid "" "Alternately, xsane, which is installed with the " "graphics/xsane package or port, is another popular " @@ -24351,12 +24563,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15404 +#: book.translate.xml:15521 msgid "Scanner Permissions" msgstr "掃描器權限" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15406 +#: book.translate.xml:15523 msgid "" "In order to have access to the scanner, a user needs read and write " "permissions to the device node used by the scanner. In the previous example, " @@ -24372,7 +24584,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15419 +#: book.translate.xml:15536 msgid "" "This example creates a group called usb:" @@ -24379,13 +24591,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15421 +#: book.translate.xml:15538 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupadd usb" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15423 +#: book.translate.xml:15540 msgid "" "Then, make the /dev/ugen0.2 symlink and the /" "dev/usb/0.2.0 device node accessible to the usb in order to allow access to the scanner:" @@ -24411,13 +24623,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15437 +#: book.translate.xml:15554 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod usb -m joe" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15439 +#: book.translate.xml:15556 msgid "" "For more details refer to pw8." @@ -24424,18 +24636,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:15469 +#: book.translate.xml:15586 msgid "Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel" msgstr "設定 FreeBSD 核心" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15474 +#: book.translate.xml:15591 msgid "" "kernel building a custom kernel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15479 +#: book.translate.xml:15596 msgid "" "The kernel is the core of the FreeBSD operating system. It is responsible " "for managing memory, enforcing security controls, networking, disk access, " @@ -24447,38 +24659,38 @@ "定並編譯自訂的核心。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15489 +#: book.translate.xml:15606 msgid "When to build a custom kernel." msgstr "何時需要編譯自訂核心。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15493 +#: book.translate.xml:15610 msgid "How to take a hardware inventory." msgstr "如何取得硬體資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15497 +#: book.translate.xml:15614 msgid "How to customize a kernel configuration file." msgstr "如何量身訂做核心設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15501 +#: book.translate.xml:15618 msgid "" "How to use the kernel configuration file to create and build a new kernel." msgstr "如何使用核心設定檔來建立並編譯新的核心。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15506 +#: book.translate.xml:15623 msgid "How to install the new kernel." msgstr "如何安裝新的核心。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15510 +#: book.translate.xml:15627 msgid "How to troubleshoot if things go wrong." msgstr "發生錯誤時如何排除問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15514 +#: book.translate.xml:15631 msgid "" "All of the commands listed in the examples in this chapter should be " "executed as root." @@ -24487,12 +24699,12 @@ "systemitem> 來執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:15519 +#: book.translate.xml:15636 msgid "Why Build a Custom Kernel?" msgstr "為何要編譯自訂的核心?" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15521 +#: book.translate.xml:15638 msgid "" "Traditionally, FreeBSD used a monolithic kernel. The kernel was one large " "program, supported a fixed list of devices, and in order to change the " @@ -24503,7 +24715,7 @@ "重新開機，才能使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15526 +#: book.translate.xml:15643 msgid "" "Today, most of the functionality in the FreeBSD kernel is contained in " "modules which can be dynamically loaded and unloaded from the kernel as " @@ -24516,7 +24728,7 @@ "功能，這就是所謂模組化核心 (Modular Kernel)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15533 +#: book.translate.xml:15650 msgid "" "Occasionally, it is still necessary to perform static kernel configuration. " "Sometimes the needed functionality is so tied to the kernel that it can not " @@ -24529,7 +24741,7 @@ "載核心模組，且只要將需要的功能靜態的編譯到核心當中。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15540 +#: book.translate.xml:15657 msgid "" "Building a custom kernel is often a rite of passage for advanced BSD users. " "This process, while time consuming, can provide benefits to the FreeBSD " @@ -24543,7 +24755,7 @@ "『自己硬體』的部分就好。 自訂核心有許多項優點，如︰" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15550 +#: book.translate.xml:15667 msgid "" "Faster boot time. Since the kernel will only probe the hardware on the " "system, the time it takes the system to boot can decrease." @@ -24552,7 +24764,7 @@ "流暢快速。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15556 +#: book.translate.xml:15673 msgid "" "Lower memory usage. A custom kernel often uses less memory than the " "GENERIC kernel by omitting unused features and device " @@ -24566,7 +24778,7 @@ "使用。因此，自訂核心對於記憶體較小的系統來說，發揮很大的作用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15567 +#: book.translate.xml:15684 msgid "" "Additional hardware support. A custom kernel can add support for devices " "which are not present in the GENERIC kernel." @@ -24575,7 +24787,7 @@ "提供的硬體支援。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15573 +#: book.translate.xml:15690 msgid "" "Before building a custom kernel, consider the reason for doing so. If there " "is a need for specific hardware support, it may already exist as a module." @@ -24584,7 +24796,7 @@ "已有既有的模組可以使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15577 +#: book.translate.xml:15694 msgid "" "Kernel modules exist in /boot/kernel and may be " "dynamically loaded into the running kernel using " @@ -24602,7 +24814,7 @@ "其操作手冊有以下資訊：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15583 +#: book.translate.xml:15700 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place the\n" @@ -24612,7 +24824,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15588 +#: book.translate.xml:15705 msgid "" "Adding if_ath_load=\"YES\" to /boot/loader." "conf will load this module dynamically at boot time." @@ -24621,7 +24833,7 @@ "filename> 會於開機期間自動載入這個模組。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15592 +#: book.translate.xml:15709 msgid "" "In some cases, there is no associated module in /boot/kernel. This is mostly true for certain subsystems." @@ -24630,12 +24842,12 @@ "統大多是真的。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:15609 +#: book.translate.xml:15726 msgid "Finding the System Hardware" msgstr "偵測系統硬體" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15611 +#: book.translate.xml:15728 msgid "" "Before editing the kernel configuration file, it is recommended to perform " "an inventory of the machine's hardware. On a dual-boot system, the inventory " @@ -24649,7 +24861,7 @@ "application> (Device Manager) 內會有目前已安裝的硬體資訊。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:15619 +#: book.translate.xml:15736 msgid "" "Some versions of Microsoft Windows have a " @@ -24661,7 +24873,7 @@ "(System) 圖示可用來進入 裝置管理員。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15624 +#: book.translate.xml:15741 msgid "" "If FreeBSD is the only installed operating system, use " "dmesg8 驅動程式偵測到了一隻滑鼠：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15631 +#: book.translate.xml:15748 #, no-wrap msgid "" "psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0\n" @@ -24689,7 +24901,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15636 +#: book.translate.xml:15753 msgid "" "Since this hardware exists, this driver should not be removed from a custom " "kernel configuration file." @@ -24696,7 +24908,7 @@ msgstr "因為該硬體存在，此驅動程式便不應該從自訂核心設定檔中移除。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15639 +#: book.translate.xml:15756 msgid "" "If the output of dmesg does not display the results of " "the boot probe output, instead read the contents of /var/run/dmesg." @@ -24706,7 +24918,7 @@ "/var/run/dmesg.boot 檔案的內容。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15643 +#: book.translate.xml:15760 msgid "" "Another tool for finding hardware is pciconf8, which provides more " @@ -24717,7 +24929,7 @@ "訊，該工具會列出更詳細的硬體資訊如：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15646 +#: book.translate.xml:15763 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% pciconf -lv\n" @@ -24729,7 +24941,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15653 +#: book.translate.xml:15770 msgid "" "This output shows that the ath driver located a " "wireless Ethernet device." @@ -24738,7 +24950,7 @@ "置。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15656 +#: book.translate.xml:15773 msgid "" "The flag of man1 can be used to provide " @@ -24750,13 +24962,13 @@ "出有包含指定裝置品牌或名稱的手冊頁面清單：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15661 +#: book.translate.xml:15778 #, no-wrap msgid "# man -k Atheros" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15663 +#: book.translate.xml:15780 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ath(4) - Atheros IEEE 802.11 wireless network driver\n" @@ -24764,7 +24976,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15666 +#: book.translate.xml:15783 msgid "" "Once the hardware inventory list is created, refer to it to ensure that " "drivers for installed hardware are not removed as the custom kernel " @@ -24775,12 +24987,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15683 book.translate.xml:44075 +#: book.translate.xml:15800 book.translate.xml:44192 msgid "The Configuration File" msgstr "設定檔" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15685 +#: book.translate.xml:15802 msgid "" "In order to create a custom kernel configuration file and build a custom " "kernel, the full FreeBSD source tree must first be installed." @@ -24788,7 +25000,7 @@ "為了要建立自訂核心設定檔並編譯自訂核心，必須先安裝完整的 FreeBSD 原始碼樹。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15689 +#: book.translate.xml:15806 msgid "" "If /usr/src/ does not exist or it is empty, source has " "not been installed. Source can be installed using Subversion 中的操作說明來安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15694 +#: book.translate.xml:15811 msgid "" "Once source is installed, review the contents of /usr/src/sys. This directory contains a number of subdirectories, including " @@ -24822,7 +25034,7 @@ "filename> 核心設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15708 +#: book.translate.xml:15825 msgid "" "Do not make edits to GENERIC. Instead, copy the file to " "a different name and make edits to the copy. The convention is to use a name " @@ -24839,7 +25051,7 @@ "filename> 設定檔建立了一個複本名稱為 MYKERNEL：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15717 +#: book.translate.xml:15834 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf\n" @@ -24847,7 +25059,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15720 +#: book.translate.xml:15837 msgid "" "MYKERNEL can now be " "customized with any ASCII text editor. The default editor " @@ -24860,22 +25072,22 @@ "做 ee。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15727 +#: book.translate.xml:15844 msgid "kernel NOTES" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15731 +#: book.translate.xml:15848 msgid "NOTES" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15732 +#: book.translate.xml:15849 msgid "kernel configuration file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15737 +#: book.translate.xml:15854 msgid "" "The format of the kernel configuration file is simple. Each line contains a " "keyword that represents a device or subsystem, an argument, and a brief " @@ -24892,7 +25104,7 @@ "除 # 符號。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:15748 +#: book.translate.xml:15865 msgid "" "It is easy to remove support for a device or option and end up with a broken " "kernel. For example, if the ataNOTES, which can be found " @@ -24920,7 +25132,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:15763 +#: book.translate.xml:15880 msgid "" "When finished customizing the kernel configuration file, save a backup copy " "to a location outside of /usr/src." @@ -24928,7 +25140,7 @@ "當完成自訂的核心設定檔，請備份到 /usr/src 位置之外。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:15767 +#: book.translate.xml:15884 msgid "" "Alternately, keep the kernel configuration file elsewhere and create a " "symbolic link to the file:" @@ -24937,7 +25149,7 @@ "案：" #. (itstool) path: tip/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15770 +#: book.translate.xml:15887 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf\n" @@ -24947,7 +25159,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15776 +#: book.translate.xml:15893 msgid "" "An include directive is available for use in " "configuration files. This allows another configuration file to be included " @@ -24962,7 +25174,7 @@ "並設定額外增加的選項，如範例所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15784 +#: book.translate.xml:15901 #, no-wrap msgid "" "include GENERIC\n" @@ -24975,7 +25187,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15792 +#: book.translate.xml:15909 msgid "" "Using this method, the local configuration file expresses local differences " "from a GENERIC kernel. As upgrades are performed, new " @@ -24993,7 +25205,7 @@ "refentrytitle>5 找到。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:15802 +#: book.translate.xml:15919 msgid "" "To build a file which contains all available options, run the following " "command as root:" @@ -25002,18 +25214,18 @@ "systemitem> 執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15805 +#: book.translate.xml:15922 #, no-wrap msgid "# cd /usr/src/sys/arch/conf && make LINT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:16621 +#: book.translate.xml:16738 msgid "Building and Installing a Custom Kernel" msgstr "編譯與安裝自訂核心" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16623 +#: book.translate.xml:16740 msgid "" "Once the edits to the custom configuration file have been saved, the source " "code for the kernel can be compiled using the following steps:" @@ -25020,28 +25232,28 @@ msgstr "完成自訂設定檔的編輯並儲存之後，便可依據以下步驟編譯核心的原始碼：" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:16628 +#: book.translate.xml:16745 msgid "Building a Kernel" msgstr "編譯核心" #. (itstool) path: procedure/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:16630 +#: book.translate.xml:16747 msgid "kernel building / installing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16636 +#: book.translate.xml:16753 msgid "Change to this directory:" msgstr "切換至此目錄：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16638 +#: book.translate.xml:16755 #, no-wrap msgid "# cd /usr/src" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16642 +#: book.translate.xml:16759 msgid "" "Compile the new kernel by specifying the name of the custom kernel " "configuration file:" @@ -25048,13 +25260,13 @@ msgstr "指定自訂核心設定檔的名稱來編譯新的核心：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16645 +#: book.translate.xml:16762 #, no-wrap msgid "# make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16649 +#: book.translate.xml:16766 msgid "" "Install the new kernel associated with the specified kernel configuration " "file. This command will copy the new kernel to /boot/kernel/" @@ -25066,13 +25278,13 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16655 +#: book.translate.xml:16772 #, no-wrap msgid "# make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16659 +#: book.translate.xml:16776 msgid "" "Shutdown the system and reboot into the new kernel. If something goes wrong, " "refer to ." @@ -25081,7 +25293,7 @@ "noboot\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16664 +#: book.translate.xml:16781 msgid "" "By default, when a custom kernel is compiled, all kernel modules are " "rebuilt. To update a kernel faster or to build only custom modules, edit " @@ -25091,7 +25303,7 @@ "自訂的模組，需在開始編譯之前先編輯 /etc/make.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16669 +#: book.translate.xml:16786 msgid "" "For example, this variable specifies the list of modules to build instead of " "using the default of building all modules:" @@ -25098,13 +25310,13 @@ msgstr "例如，使用以下變數可指定要編譯的模組清單來替代預設編譯所有模組的設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16673 +#: book.translate.xml:16790 #, no-wrap msgid "MODULES_OVERRIDE = linux acpi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16675 +#: book.translate.xml:16792 msgid "" "Alternately, this variable lists which modules to exclude from the build " "process:" @@ -25111,13 +25323,13 @@ msgstr "或者，可使用以下變數來從編譯程序中排除要編譯的模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16678 +#: book.translate.xml:16795 #, no-wrap msgid "WITHOUT_MODULES = linux acpi sound" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16680 +#: book.translate.xml:16797 msgid "" "Additional variables are available. Refer to " "make.conf55 取得詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:16683 +#: book.translate.xml:16800 msgid "/boot/kernel.old" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:16689 +#: book.translate.xml:16806 msgid "If Something Goes Wrong" msgstr "如果發生錯誤" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16691 +#: book.translate.xml:16808 msgid "" "There are four categories of trouble that can occur when building a custom " "kernel:" @@ -25144,12 +25356,12 @@ msgstr "當編譯自訂核心時可能發生以下四種類型的問題：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16696 +#: book.translate.xml:16813 msgid "config fails" msgstr "config 失敗" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16699 +#: book.translate.xml:16816 msgid "" "If config fails, it will print the line number that is " "incorrect. As an example, for the following message, make sure that line 17 " @@ -25161,18 +25373,18 @@ "17 行輸入的內容正確：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16705 +#: book.translate.xml:16822 #, no-wrap msgid "config: line 17: syntax error" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16710 +#: book.translate.xml:16827 msgid "make fails" msgstr "make 失敗" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16713 +#: book.translate.xml:16830 msgid "" "If make fails, it is usually due to an error in the " "kernel configuration file which is not severe enough for config 或替換為任何其他已經知道可以正常開機的核心名稱。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16738 +#: book.translate.xml:16855 msgid "" "After booting with a good kernel, check over the configuration file and try " "to build it again. One helpful resource is /var/log/messages 也會印出自本次開機後的核心訊息。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:16746 +#: book.translate.xml:16863 msgid "" "When troubleshooting a kernel, make sure to keep a copy of " "GENERIC, or some other kernel that is known to work, as " @@ -25242,7 +25454,7 @@ "核心目錄。" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16756 +#: book.translate.xml:16873 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mv /boot/kernel /boot/kernel.bad\n" @@ -25250,7 +25462,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16763 +#: book.translate.xml:16880 msgid "" "The kernel works, but ps1 does not" @@ -25259,7 +25471,7 @@ "manvolnum> 無法運作" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16766 +#: book.translate.xml:16883 msgid "" "If the kernel version differs from the one that the system utilities have " "been built with, for example, a kernel built from -CURRENT sources is " @@ -25282,12 +25494,12 @@ "是個好主意。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:16791 +#: book.translate.xml:16908 msgid "Printing" msgstr "列印" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:16794 book.translate.xml:28653 +#: book.translate.xml:16911 book.translate.xml:28770 msgid "" " Warren Block Originally contributed by " @@ -25294,7 +25506,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/para -#: book.translate.xml:16803 +#: book.translate.xml:16920 msgid "" "Putting information on paper is a vital function, despite many attempts to " "eliminate it. Printing has two basic components. The data must be delivered " @@ -25304,7 +25516,7 @@ "本元件組成，包含了資料傳送到印表機的方式以及印表機可以理解的資料形式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16811 +#: book.translate.xml:16928 msgid "" "Basic printing can be set up quickly. The printer must be capable of " "printing plain ASCII text. For printing to other types of " @@ -25315,13 +25527,13 @@ "filters\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16818 +#: book.translate.xml:16935 msgid "Create a directory to store files while they are being printed:" msgstr "建立一個目錄來儲存要被列印的檔案：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16821 book.translate.xml:17230 +#: book.translate.xml:16938 book.translate.xml:17347 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir -p /var/spool/lpd/lp\n" @@ -25330,7 +25542,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16827 +#: book.translate.xml:16944 msgid "" "As root, create /etc/" "printcap with these contents:" @@ -25339,7 +25551,7 @@ "printcap 內容如下：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16831 +#: book.translate.xml:16948 #, no-wrap msgid "" "lp:\\\n" @@ -25351,12 +25563,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:16840 +#: book.translate.xml:16957 msgid "This line is for a printer connected to a USB port." msgstr "此行是針對連接到 USB 埠的印表機：" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:16843 +#: book.translate.xml:16960 msgid "" "For a printer connected to a parallel or printer port, use:" msgstr "連接到並列或 印表器 (Printer) 埠的印表機要使用：" @@ -25363,25 +25575,25 @@ #. (itstool) path: callout/programlisting #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16846 book.translate.xml:17287 +#: book.translate.xml:16963 book.translate.xml:17404 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=/dev/lpt0:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:16848 +#: book.translate.xml:16965 msgid "For a printer connected directly to a network, use:" msgstr "直接連接到網路的印表機要使用：" #. (itstool) path: callout/programlisting #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16851 book.translate.xml:17296 +#: book.translate.xml:16968 book.translate.xml:17413 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=:rm=network-printer-name:rp=raw:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:16853 +#: book.translate.xml:16970 msgid "" "Replace network-printer-name with the " "DNS host name of the network printer." @@ -25390,7 +25602,7 @@ "DNS 主機名稱。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16862 +#: book.translate.xml:16979 msgid "" "Enable lpd by editing /etc/rc.conf, " "adding this line:" @@ -25400,7 +25612,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16865 book.translate.xml:17353 +#: book.translate.xml:16982 book.translate.xml:17470 #, no-wrap msgid "lpd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" @@ -25407,12 +25619,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/para #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:16867 book.translate.xml:17355 +#: book.translate.xml:16984 book.translate.xml:17472 msgid "Start the service:" msgstr "啟動服務：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16869 +#: book.translate.xml:16986 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service lpd start\n" @@ -25420,18 +25632,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16874 +#: book.translate.xml:16991 msgid "Print a test:" msgstr "測試列印：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16876 +#: book.translate.xml:16993 #, no-wrap msgid "# printf \"1. This printer can print.\\n2. This is the second line.\\n\" | lpr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:16879 +#: book.translate.xml:16996 msgid "" "If both lines do not start at the left border, but stairstep " "instead, see ." @@ -25440,7 +25652,7 @@ "考 。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16884 +#: book.translate.xml:17001 msgid "" "Text files can now be printed with lpr. Give the filename " "on the command line, or pipe output directly into lpr." @@ -25449,7 +25661,7 @@ "或者將輸出使用管線符號 (Pipe) 傳送給 lpr。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16889 +#: book.translate.xml:17006 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% lpr textfile.txt\n" @@ -25457,12 +25669,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:16896 +#: book.translate.xml:17013 msgid "Printer Connections" msgstr "印表機連線" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16898 +#: book.translate.xml:17015 msgid "" "Printers are connected to computer systems in a variety of ways. Small " "desktop printers are usually connected directly to a computer's " @@ -25477,18 +25689,18 @@ "電腦共享使用，還有少部分印表機則是連接到較罕見的序列 (Serial) 埠。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16906 +#: book.translate.xml:17023 msgid "FreeBSD can communicate with all of these types of printers." msgstr "FreeBSD 可以與這些類型的印表機溝通。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:16911 book.translate.xml:17273 +#: book.translate.xml:17028 book.translate.xml:17390 msgid "USB" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16914 +#: book.translate.xml:17031 msgid "" "USB printers can be connected to any available " "USB port on the computer." @@ -25497,7 +25709,7 @@ "acronym> 埠。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16918 +#: book.translate.xml:17035 msgid "" "When FreeBSD detects a USB printer, two device entries " "are created: /dev/ulpt0 and /dev/unlpt0unlpt0 不會重設 USB 埠。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16933 +#: book.translate.xml:17050 msgid "Parallel (IEEE-1284)" msgstr "並列 (IEEE-1284)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16936 +#: book.translate.xml:17053 msgid "" "The parallel port device is /dev/lpt0. This device " "appears whether a printer is attached or not, it is not autodetected." @@ -25529,7 +25741,7 @@ "存在，它並不會自動偵測。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16941 +#: book.translate.xml:17058 msgid "" "Vendors have largely moved away from these legacy ports, and " "many computers no longer have them. Adapters can be used to connect a " @@ -25545,12 +25757,12 @@ "網路。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16953 +#: book.translate.xml:17070 msgid "Serial (RS-232)" msgstr "序列 (RS-232)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16956 +#: book.translate.xml:17073 msgid "" "Serial ports are another legacy port, rarely used for printers except in " "certain niche applications. Cables, connectors, and required wiring vary " @@ -25560,7 +25772,7 @@ "接頭與需要的佈線方式依需求變化性很大。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16960 +#: book.translate.xml:17077 msgid "" "For serial ports built into a motherboard, the serial device name is " "/dev/cuau0 or /dev/cuau1. Serial " @@ -25573,7 +25785,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16967 +#: book.translate.xml:17084 msgid "" "Several communication parameters must be known to communicate with a serial " "printer. The most important are baud rate or " @@ -25588,17 +25800,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:16977 book.translate.xml:17291 +#: book.translate.xml:17094 book.translate.xml:17408 msgid "Network" msgstr "網路" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16980 +#: book.translate.xml:17097 msgid "Network printers are connected directly to the local computer network." msgstr "網路印表機可直接連接到區域網路。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16983 +#: book.translate.xml:17100 msgid "" "The DNS hostname of the printer must be known. If the " "printer is assigned a dynamic address by DHCP, " @@ -25612,7 +25824,7 @@ "IP 位址可避免這個問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16991 +#: book.translate.xml:17108 msgid "" "Most network printers understand print jobs sent with the LPD protocol. A print queue name can also be specified. Some printers " @@ -25626,12 +25838,12 @@ "text 佇列則會在純文字上增加換行符號 (Carriage return)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16999 +#: book.translate.xml:17116 msgid "Many network printers can also print data sent directly to port 9100." msgstr "大部份網路印表機也可列印直接傳送到埠號 9100 的資料。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17008 +#: book.translate.xml:17125 msgid "" "Wired network connections are usually the easiest to set up and give the " "fastest printing. For direct connection to the computer, USBPDL。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:17029 +#: book.translate.xml:17146 msgid "ASCII" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17032 +#: book.translate.xml:17149 msgid "" "Plain ASCII text is the simplest way to send data to a " "printer. Characters correspond one to one with what will be printed: an " @@ -25685,7 +25897,7 @@ "至不需要編碼或轉譯，列印的結果可直接對應傳送的內容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17043 +#: book.translate.xml:17160 msgid "" "Some inexpensive printers cannot print plain ASCII text. " "This makes them more difficult to set up, but it is usually still possible." @@ -25694,12 +25906,12 @@ "定。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:17051 +#: book.translate.xml:17168 msgid "PostScript" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17054 +#: book.translate.xml:17171 msgid "" "PostScript is almost the " "opposite of ASCII. Rather than simple text, a PostScript compatibility as a cost-saving measure." @@ -25725,12 +25937,12 @@ "trademark> 的相容性來節省成本。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:17069 +#: book.translate.xml:17186 msgid "PCL (Printer Command Language)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17072 +#: book.translate.xml:17189 msgid "" "PCL is an extension of ASCII, adding " "escape sequences for formatting, font selection, and printing graphics. Many " @@ -25745,12 +25957,12 @@ "(Superset)，並可以提供更快的列印速度。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:17084 +#: book.translate.xml:17201 msgid "Host-Based" msgstr "以主機為基礎 (Host-Based)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17087 +#: book.translate.xml:17204 msgid "" "Manufacturers can reduce the cost of a printer by giving it a simple " "processor and very little memory. These printers are not capable of printing " @@ -25763,7 +25975,7 @@ "稱為以主機為基礎 (Host-based) 的印表機。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17095 +#: book.translate.xml:17212 msgid "" "Communication between the driver and a host-based printer is often through " "proprietary or undocumented protocols, making them functional only on the " @@ -25773,7 +25985,7 @@ "印表機只能在最常用的作業系統上運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17104 +#: book.translate.xml:17221 msgid "" "Converting PostScript to Other " "PDLs" @@ -25782,7 +25994,7 @@ "PDL" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17107 +#: book.translate.xml:17224 msgid "" "Many applications from the Ports Collection and FreeBSD utilities produce " "PostScript output. This table " @@ -25795,32 +26007,32 @@ "acronym> 的工具：" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:17113 +#: book.translate.xml:17230 msgid "Output PDLs" msgstr "輸出 PDL 格式" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17118 +#: book.translate.xml:17235 msgid "Output PDL" msgstr "輸出 PDL" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17120 +#: book.translate.xml:17237 msgid "Generated By" msgstr "產生由" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17127 +#: book.translate.xml:17244 msgid "PCL or PCL5" msgstr "PCL 或 PCL5" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17129 book.translate.xml:17137 book.translate.xml:17145 +#: book.translate.xml:17246 book.translate.xml:17254 book.translate.xml:17262 msgid "print/ghostscript9" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17130 +#: book.translate.xml:17247 msgid "" "-sDEVICE=ljet4 for monochrome, -sDEVICE=cljet5 for color" @@ -25829,12 +26041,12 @@ "sDEVICE=cljet5" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17135 +#: book.translate.xml:17252 msgid "PCLXL or PCL6" msgstr "PCLXL 或 PCL6" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17138 +#: book.translate.xml:17255 msgid "" "-sDEVICE=pxlmono for monochrome, -" "sDEVICE=pxlcolor for color" @@ -25843,27 +26055,27 @@ "sDEVICE=pxlcolor" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17144 +#: book.translate.xml:17261 msgid "ESC/P2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17146 +#: book.translate.xml:17263 msgid "-sDEVICE=uniprint" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17150 +#: book.translate.xml:17267 msgid "XQX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17151 +#: book.translate.xml:17268 msgid "print/foo2zjs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17162 +#: book.translate.xml:17279 msgid "" "For the easiest printing, choose a printer that supports PostScript. Printers that support PCLPostScript or PCL. They " @@ -25901,7 +26113,7 @@ "料並列印。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17181 +#: book.translate.xml:17298 msgid "" "Host-based printers are often more difficult to set up. Some cannot be used " "at all because of proprietary PDLs. Avoid these printers " @@ -25911,7 +26123,7 @@ "acronym> 而無法使用，盡可能避免使用這類的印表機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17186 +#: book.translate.xml:17303 msgid "" "Descriptions of many PDLs can be found at . The " @@ -25924,12 +26136,12 @@ "org/printers\"/> 查詢。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:17194 +#: book.translate.xml:17311 msgid "Direct Printing" msgstr "直接列印" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17196 +#: book.translate.xml:17313 msgid "" "For occasional printing, files can be sent directly to a printer device " "without any setup. For example, a file called sample.txt# cp sample.txt /dev/unlpt0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17203 +#: book.translate.xml:17320 msgid "" "Direct printing to network printers depends on the abilities of the printer, " "but most accept print jobs on port 9100, and " @@ -25961,18 +26173,18 @@ "netlaser 的印表機列印與上述相同的檔案可：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17209 +#: book.translate.xml:17326 #, no-wrap msgid "# nc netlaser 9100 < sample.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:17213 +#: book.translate.xml:17330 msgid "LPD (Line Printer Daemon)" msgstr "LPD (行列式印表機 Daemon)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17215 +#: book.translate.xml:17332 msgid "" "Printing a file in the background is called spooling. A " "spooler allows the user to continue with other programs on the computer " @@ -25982,7 +26194,7 @@ "用者能夠繼續執行電腦的其他程式而不需要等候印表機緩慢的完成列印工作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17220 +#: book.translate.xml:17337 msgid "" "FreeBSD includes a spooler called lpd8. Print jobs are " @@ -25995,12 +26207,12 @@ "citerefentry> 來提交。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17224 book.translate.xml:28742 +#: book.translate.xml:17341 book.translate.xml:28859 msgid "Initial Setup" msgstr "初始設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17226 +#: book.translate.xml:17343 msgid "" "A directory for storing print jobs is created, ownership is set, and the " "permissions are set to prevent other users from viewing the contents of " @@ -26010,7 +26222,7 @@ "些檔案的內容：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17234 +#: book.translate.xml:17351 msgid "" "Printers are defined in /etc/printcap. An entry for " "each printer includes details like a name, the port where it is attached, " @@ -26022,7 +26234,7 @@ "filename> 使用以下內容：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17240 +#: book.translate.xml:17357 #, no-wrap msgid "" "lp:\\\t\t\t\t\n" @@ -26034,7 +26246,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17249 +#: book.translate.xml:17366 msgid "" "The name of this printer. lpr1 sends print jobs to " @@ -26048,7 +26260,7 @@ "lp。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17257 +#: book.translate.xml:17374 msgid "" "The device where the printer is connected. Replace this line with the " "appropriate one for the connection type shown here." @@ -26055,23 +26267,23 @@ msgstr "印表機所連接到裝置。替換此行為正確的連線類型，如此處所示。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17265 +#: book.translate.xml:17382 msgid "Connection Type" msgstr "連線類型" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17266 +#: book.translate.xml:17383 msgid "Device Entry in /etc/printcap" msgstr "在 /etc/printcap 的裝置項目" #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17274 +#: book.translate.xml:17391 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=/dev/unlpt0:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17276 +#: book.translate.xml:17393 msgid "" "This is the non-resetting USB " "printer device. If problems are experienced, use ulpt0 " @@ -26082,28 +26294,28 @@ "USB 埠。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17286 +#: book.translate.xml:17403 msgid "Parallel" msgstr "並列" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17293 +#: book.translate.xml:17410 msgid "For a printer supporting the LPD protocol:" msgstr "針對支援 LPD 通訊協定的印表機：" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17298 +#: book.translate.xml:17415 msgid "For printers supporting port 9100 printing:" msgstr "針對支援使用埠號 9100 列印的印表機：" #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17301 +#: book.translate.xml:17418 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=9100@network-printer-name:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17303 +#: book.translate.xml:17420 msgid "" "For both types, replace network-printer-name with " "the DNS host name of the network printer." @@ -26112,18 +26324,18 @@ "replaceable> 為網路印表機的 DNS 主機名稱。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17310 +#: book.translate.xml:17427 msgid "Serial" msgstr "序列" #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17311 +#: book.translate.xml:17428 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=/dev/cuau0:br=9600:pa=none:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17313 +#: book.translate.xml:17430 msgid "" "These values are for a typical serial printer connected to a motherboard " "serial port. The baud rate is 9600, and no parity is used." @@ -26132,17 +26344,17 @@ "9600 且無同位檢查 (No Parity)。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17324 +#: book.translate.xml:17441 msgid "Suppress the printing of a header page at the start of a print job." msgstr "在列印工作開始時不列印首頁。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17329 +#: book.translate.xml:17446 msgid "Do not limit the maximum size of a print job." msgstr "不限制列印工作的最大尺寸。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17333 +#: book.translate.xml:17450 msgid "" "The path to the spooling directory for this printer. Each printer uses its " "own spooling directory." @@ -26151,12 +26363,12 @@ "(Spooling) 目錄。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17338 +#: book.translate.xml:17455 msgid "The log file where errors on this printer will be reported." msgstr "回報此印表機的錯誤的日誌檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17343 +#: book.translate.xml:17460 msgid "" "After creating /etc/printcap, use " "chkprintcap8 測試印表機是否有錯誤：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17346 +#: book.translate.xml:17463 #, no-wrap msgid "# chkprintcap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17348 +#: book.translate.xml:17465 msgid "Fix any reported problems before continuing." msgstr "在繼續之前修正任何回報的問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17350 +#: book.translate.xml:17467 msgid "" "Enable lpd8 in /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -26188,13 +26400,13 @@ "citerefentry>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17357 +#: book.translate.xml:17474 #, no-wrap msgid "# service lpd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17361 +#: book.translate.xml:17478 msgid "" "Printing with lpr1" @@ -26203,7 +26415,7 @@ "manvolnum> 列印" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17363 +#: book.translate.xml:17480 msgid "" "Documents are sent to the printer with lpr. A file to be " "printed can be named on the command line or piped into lpr% lpr doc.txt\n" @@ -26220,7 +26432,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17372 +#: book.translate.xml:17489 msgid "" "Printers can be selected with . To print to a printer " "called laser:" @@ -26227,18 +26439,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17376 +#: book.translate.xml:17493 #, no-wrap msgid "% lpr -Plaser doc.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17380 +#: book.translate.xml:17497 msgid "Filters" msgstr "過濾器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17382 +#: book.translate.xml:17499 msgid "" "The examples shown so far have sent the contents of a text file directly to " "the printer. As long as the printer understands the content of those files, " @@ -26246,7 +26458,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17387 +#: book.translate.xml:17504 msgid "" "Some printers are not capable of printing plain text, and the input file " "might not even be plain text." @@ -26253,7 +26465,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17390 +#: book.translate.xml:17507 msgid "" "Filters allow files to be translated or processed. The " "typical use is to translate one type of input, like plain text, into a form " @@ -26264,7 +26476,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17398 +#: book.translate.xml:17515 msgid "" "The filters discussed here are input filters or " "text filters. These filters convert the incoming file " @@ -26274,7 +26486,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17405 +#: book.translate.xml:17522 msgid "" "Filters are specified in /etc/printcap with the " "if= identifier. To use /usr/local/libexec/" @@ -26283,7 +26495,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17411 +#: book.translate.xml:17528 #, no-wrap msgid "" "lp:\\\n" @@ -26296,7 +26508,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17421 +#: book.translate.xml:17538 msgid "" "if= identifies the input filter that " "will be used on incoming text." @@ -26303,7 +26515,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:17428 +#: book.translate.xml:17545 msgid "" "The backslash line continuation characters at the end " "of the lines in printcap entries reveal that an entry " @@ -26313,18 +26525,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17435 +#: book.translate.xml:17552 #, no-wrap msgid "lp:lp=/dev/unlpt0:sh:mx#0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/lp:if=/usr/local/libexec/lf2crlf:lf=/var/log/lpd-errs:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17439 +#: book.translate.xml:17556 msgid "Preventing Stairstepping on Plain Text Printers" msgstr "避免在純文字印表機階梯狀列印" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17441 +#: book.translate.xml:17558 msgid "" "Typical FreeBSD text files contain only a single line feed character at the " "end of each line. These lines will stairstep on a standard " @@ -26332,7 +26544,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17445 +#: book.translate.xml:17562 #, no-wrap msgid "" "A printed file looks\n" @@ -26341,7 +26553,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17449 +#: book.translate.xml:17566 msgid "" "A filter can convert the newline characters into carriage returns and " "newlines. The carriage returns make the printer return to the left after " @@ -26350,7 +26562,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17455 +#: book.translate.xml:17572 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -26359,30 +26571,30 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17459 book.translate.xml:17494 book.translate.xml:17526 -#: book.translate.xml:17580 +#: book.translate.xml:17576 book.translate.xml:17611 book.translate.xml:17643 +#: book.translate.xml:17697 msgid "Set the permissions and make it executable:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17461 +#: book.translate.xml:17578 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/lf2crlf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17463 book.translate.xml:17498 +#: book.translate.xml:17580 book.translate.xml:17615 msgid "Modify /etc/printcap to use the new filter:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17466 +#: book.translate.xml:17583 #, no-wrap msgid ":if=/usr/local/libexec/lf2crlf:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17468 +#: book.translate.xml:17585 msgid "" "Test the filter by printing the same plain text file. The carriage returns " "will cause each line to start at the left side of the page." @@ -26389,7 +26601,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17474 +#: book.translate.xml:17591 msgid "" "Fancy Plain Text on PostScript " "Printers with print/enscript" @@ -26398,7 +26610,7 @@ "\">PostScript 印表機美化純文字內容" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17477 +#: book.translate.xml:17594 msgid "" "GNU Enscript converts plain " "text files into nicely-formatted PostScript/usr/local/libexec/enscript with these contents:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17491 +#: book.translate.xml:17608 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -26425,24 +26637,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17496 +#: book.translate.xml:17613 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/enscript" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17501 +#: book.translate.xml:17618 #, no-wrap msgid ":if=/usr/local/libexec/enscript:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17503 +#: book.translate.xml:17620 msgid "Test the filter by printing a plain text file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17507 +#: book.translate.xml:17624 msgid "" "Printing PostScript to " "PCL Printers" @@ -26451,7 +26663,7 @@ "acronym> 印表機" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17510 +#: book.translate.xml:17627 msgid "" "Many programs produce PostScript " "documents. However, inexpensive printers often only understand plain text or " @@ -26461,7 +26673,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17516 +#: book.translate.xml:17633 msgid "" "Install the Ghostscript PostScript interpreter, print/ghostscript9, " @@ -26469,13 +26681,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17520 +#: book.translate.xml:17637 msgid "" "Create /usr/local/libexec/ps2pcl with these contents:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17523 +#: book.translate.xml:17640 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -26483,13 +26695,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17528 +#: book.translate.xml:17645 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/ps2pcl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17530 +#: book.translate.xml:17647 msgid "" "PostScript input sent to this " "script will be rendered and converted to PCL before being " @@ -26497,18 +26709,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17534 book.translate.xml:17584 +#: book.translate.xml:17651 book.translate.xml:17701 msgid "Modify /etc/printcap to use this new input filter:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17537 +#: book.translate.xml:17654 #, no-wrap msgid ":if=/usr/local/libexec/ps2pcl:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17539 +#: book.translate.xml:17656 msgid "" "Test the filter by sending a small PostScript program to it:" @@ -26515,7 +26727,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17542 +#: book.translate.xml:17659 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% printf \"%%\\!PS \\n /Helvetica findfont 18 scalefont setfont \\\n" @@ -26523,12 +26735,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17547 +#: book.translate.xml:17664 msgid "Smart Filters" msgstr "智慧過濾器" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17549 +#: book.translate.xml:17666 msgid "" "A filter that detects the type of input and automatically converts it to the " "correct format for the printer can be very convenient. The first two " @@ -26543,7 +26755,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17560 +#: book.translate.xml:17677 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -26568,19 +26780,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17582 +#: book.translate.xml:17699 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/psif" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17587 +#: book.translate.xml:17704 #, no-wrap msgid ":if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17589 +#: book.translate.xml:17706 msgid "" "Test the filter by printing PostScript and plain text files." @@ -26587,12 +26799,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17594 +#: book.translate.xml:17711 msgid "Other Smart Filters" msgstr "其他智慧過濾器" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17596 +#: book.translate.xml:17713 msgid "" "Writing a filter that detects many different types of input and formats them " "correctly is challenging. print/apsfilter " @@ -26603,12 +26815,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17608 +#: book.translate.xml:17725 msgid "Multiple Queues" msgstr "多序列" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17610 +#: book.translate.xml:17727 msgid "" "The entries in /etc/printcap are really definitions of " "queues. There can be more than one queue for a single " @@ -26617,7 +26829,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17616 +#: book.translate.xml:17733 msgid "" "As an example, consider a networked PostScript laser printer in an office. Most users want to " @@ -26628,7 +26840,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17622 +#: book.translate.xml:17739 #, no-wrap msgid "" "textprinter:\\\n" @@ -26648,7 +26860,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17637 +#: book.translate.xml:17754 msgid "" "Documents sent to textprinter will be formatted by the " "/usr/local/libexec/enscript filter shown in an earlier " @@ -26658,7 +26870,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17644 +#: book.translate.xml:17761 msgid "" "This multiple queue technique can be used to provide direct access to all " "kinds of printer features. A printer with a duplexer could use two queues, " @@ -26668,12 +26880,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17653 +#: book.translate.xml:17770 msgid "Monitoring and Controlling Printing" msgstr "監視與控制列印" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17655 +#: book.translate.xml:17772 msgid "" "Several utilities are available to monitor print jobs and check and control " "printer operation." @@ -26680,7 +26892,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17659 +#: book.translate.xml:17776 msgid "" "lpq1" @@ -26687,7 +26899,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17661 +#: book.translate.xml:17778 msgid "" "lpq1 shows the status of a user's print jobs. Print jobs from other " @@ -26695,12 +26907,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17664 +#: book.translate.xml:17781 msgid "Show the current user's pending jobs on a single printer:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17667 +#: book.translate.xml:17784 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% lpq -Plp\n" @@ -26709,12 +26921,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17671 +#: book.translate.xml:17788 msgid "Show the current user's pending jobs on all printers:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17674 +#: book.translate.xml:17791 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% lpq -a\n" @@ -26728,7 +26940,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17685 +#: book.translate.xml:17802 msgid "" "lprm1" @@ -26735,7 +26947,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17687 +#: book.translate.xml:17804 msgid "" "lprm1 is used to remove print jobs. Normal users are only allowed to " @@ -26744,12 +26956,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17692 +#: book.translate.xml:17809 msgid "Remove all pending jobs from a printer:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17694 +#: book.translate.xml:17811 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lprm -Plp -\n" @@ -26762,7 +26974,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17702 +#: book.translate.xml:17819 msgid "" "Remove a single job from a printer. lpq1 is used to find the " @@ -26770,7 +26982,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17705 +#: book.translate.xml:17822 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% lpq\n" @@ -26782,7 +26994,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17714 +#: book.translate.xml:17831 msgid "" "lpc8" @@ -26789,7 +27001,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17716 +#: book.translate.xml:17833 msgid "" "lpc8 is used to check and modify printer status. lpc% lpc status all\n" @@ -26824,7 +27036,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17739 +#: book.translate.xml:17856 msgid "" "Prevent a printer from accepting new jobs, then begin accepting new jobs " "again:" @@ -26831,7 +27043,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17742 +#: book.translate.xml:17859 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc disable lp\n" @@ -26843,13 +27055,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17749 +#: book.translate.xml:17866 msgid "" "Stop printing, but continue to accept new jobs. Then begin printing again:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17752 +#: book.translate.xml:17869 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc stop lp\n" @@ -26862,12 +27074,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17760 +#: book.translate.xml:17877 msgid "Restart a printer after some error condition:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17762 +#: book.translate.xml:17879 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc restart lp\n" @@ -26878,7 +27090,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17768 +#: book.translate.xml:17885 msgid "" "Turn the print queue off and disable printing, with a message to explain the " "problem to users:" @@ -26885,7 +27097,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17771 +#: book.translate.xml:17888 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc down lp Repair parts will arrive on Monday\n" @@ -26895,12 +27107,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17776 +#: book.translate.xml:17893 msgid "Re-enable a printer that is down:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17778 +#: book.translate.xml:17895 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc up lp\n" @@ -26910,7 +27122,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17783 +#: book.translate.xml:17900 msgid "" "See lpc8 for more commands and options." @@ -26917,12 +27129,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17788 +#: book.translate.xml:17905 msgid "Shared Printers" msgstr "分享印表機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17790 +#: book.translate.xml:17907 msgid "" "Printers are often shared by multiple users in businesses and schools. " "Additional features are provided to make sharing printers more convenient." @@ -26929,12 +27141,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17795 +#: book.translate.xml:17912 msgid "Aliases" msgstr "別名" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17797 +#: book.translate.xml:17914 msgid "" "The printer name is set in the first line of the entry in /etc/" "printcap. Additional names, or aliases, can " @@ -26943,13 +27155,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17803 +#: book.translate.xml:17920 #, no-wrap msgid "lp|repairsprinter|salesprinter:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17805 +#: book.translate.xml:17922 msgid "" "Aliases can be used in place of the printer name. For example, users in the " "Sales department print to their printer with" @@ -26956,13 +27168,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17809 +#: book.translate.xml:17926 #, no-wrap msgid "% lpr -Psalesprinter sales-report.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17811 +#: book.translate.xml:17928 msgid "" "Users in the Repairs department print to their printer " "with" @@ -26969,13 +27181,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17814 +#: book.translate.xml:17931 #, no-wrap msgid "% lpr -Prepairsprinter repairs-report.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17816 +#: book.translate.xml:17933 msgid "" "All of the documents print on that single printer. When the Sales department " "grows enough to need their own printer, the alias can be removed from the " @@ -26985,12 +27197,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17825 +#: book.translate.xml:17942 msgid "Header Pages" msgstr "頁首" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17827 +#: book.translate.xml:17944 msgid "" "It can be difficult for users to locate their documents in the stack of " "pages produced by a busy shared printer. Header pages " @@ -27001,7 +27213,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17835 +#: book.translate.xml:17952 msgid "" "Enabling header pages differs depending on whether the printer is connected " "directly to the computer with a USB, parallel, or serial " @@ -27009,7 +27221,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17840 +#: book.translate.xml:17957 msgid "" "Header pages on directly-connected printers are enabled by removing the " ":sh:\\ (Suppress Header) line from the entry in " @@ -27021,7 +27233,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17850 +#: book.translate.xml:17967 msgid "" "Header pages for network printers must be configured on the printer itself. " "Header page entries in /etc/printcap are ignored. " @@ -27030,12 +27242,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17861 book.translate.xml:22672 +#: book.translate.xml:17978 book.translate.xml:22789 msgid "References" msgstr "參考文獻" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17863 +#: book.translate.xml:17980 msgid "" "Example files: /usr/share/examples/printing/." @@ -27042,7 +27254,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17865 +#: book.translate.xml:17982 msgid "" "The 4.3BSD Line Printer Spooler Manual, /usr/" "share/doc/smm/07.lpd/paper.ascii.gz." @@ -27049,7 +27261,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17869 +#: book.translate.xml:17986 msgid "" "Manual pages: printcap5, " @@ -27063,12 +27275,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:17875 +#: book.translate.xml:17992 msgid "Other Printing Systems" msgstr "其他列印系統" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17877 +#: book.translate.xml:17994 msgid "" "Several other printing systems are available in addition to the built-in " "lpd8CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System)" @@ -27084,7 +27296,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17885 +#: book.translate.xml:18002 msgid "" "CUPS is a popular printing system available on many " "operating systems. Using CUPS on FreeBSD is documented in " @@ -27093,12 +27305,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17892 +#: book.translate.xml:18009 msgid "HPLIP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17894 +#: book.translate.xml:18011 msgid "" "Hewlett Packard provides a printing system that supports many of their " "inkjet and laser printers. The port is print/hplipLPRng was developed as an enhanced alternative to " "lpd8Linux Binary Compatibility" msgstr "Linux Binary 相容性" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:17926 +#: book.translate.xml:18043 msgid "" " Jim Mock Restructured and parts updated by " @@ -27136,7 +27348,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:17937 +#: book.translate.xml:18054 msgid "" " Brian N. Handy Originally contributed by " @@ -27143,7 +27355,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:17945 +#: book.translate.xml:18062 msgid "" " Rich Murphey " @@ -27150,12 +27362,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:17957 +#: book.translate.xml:18074 msgid "Linux binary compatibility" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17965 +#: book.translate.xml:18082 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides binary compatibility with Linux, allowing users to install and run most Linux 好。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17971 +#: book.translate.xml:18088 msgid "" "However, some Linux-specific " "operating system features are not supported under FreeBSD. For example, " @@ -27186,7 +27398,7 @@ "擬 8086 模式，會無法在 FreeBSD 執行。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:17977 +#: book.translate.xml:18094 msgid "" "Support for 64-bit binary compatibility with Linux was added in FreeBSD 10.3." @@ -27195,7 +27407,7 @@ "trademark> Binary 相容性。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17985 +#: book.translate.xml:18102 msgid "" "How to enable Linux binary " "compatibility on a FreeBSD system." @@ -27204,7 +27416,7 @@ "Binary 相容模式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17990 +#: book.translate.xml:18107 msgid "" "How to install additional Linux " "shared libraries." @@ -27212,7 +27424,7 @@ "如何安裝其他的 Linux 共用程式庫。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17995 +#: book.translate.xml:18112 msgid "" "How to install Linux " "applications on a FreeBSD system." @@ -27221,7 +27433,7 @@ "用程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:18000 +#: book.translate.xml:18117 msgid "" "The implementation details of Linux compatibility in FreeBSD." @@ -27230,7 +27442,7 @@ "細節。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:18009 +#: book.translate.xml:18126 msgid "" "Know how to install additional third-party software." @@ -27237,7 +27449,7 @@ msgstr "知道如何安裝 其他的第三方軟體。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:18017 +#: book.translate.xml:18134 msgid "" "Configuring Linux Binary " "Compatibility" @@ -27244,12 +27456,12 @@ msgstr "設定 Linux Binary 相容性" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18019 +#: book.translate.xml:18136 msgid "Ports Collection" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18021 +#: book.translate.xml:18138 msgid "" "By default, Linux libraries are " "not installed and Linux binary " @@ -27263,7 +27475,7 @@ "FreeBSD Port 套件集安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18026 +#: book.translate.xml:18143 msgid "" "Before attempting to build the port, load the Linux kernel module, otherwise the build will fail:" @@ -27272,29 +27484,29 @@ "核心模組，否則編譯會失敗：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18029 +#: book.translate.xml:18146 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload linux" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18031 +#: book.translate.xml:18148 msgid "For 64-bit compatibility:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18033 +#: book.translate.xml:18150 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload linux64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18035 +#: book.translate.xml:18152 msgid "To verify that the module is loaded:" msgstr "確認模組已載入：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18037 +#: book.translate.xml:18154 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% kldstat\n" @@ -27304,7 +27516,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18042 +#: book.translate.xml:18159 msgid "" "The emulators/linux_base-c6 package or port is the " "easiest way to install a base set of Linux# printf \"compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.18\\n\" >> /etc/sysctl.conf\n" @@ -27324,7 +27536,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18051 +#: book.translate.xml:18168 msgid "" "For Linux compatibility to be " "enabled at boot time, add this line to /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -27333,13 +27545,13 @@ "加入這行到 /etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:18054 +#: book.translate.xml:18171 #, no-wrap msgid "linux_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18056 +#: book.translate.xml:18173 msgid "" "On 64-bit machines, /etc/rc.d/abi will automatically " "load the module for 64-bit emulation." @@ -27346,12 +27558,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18059 +#: book.translate.xml:18176 msgid "kernel options COMPAT_LINUX" msgstr "核心選項 COMPAT_LINUX" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18064 +#: book.translate.xml:18181 msgid "" "Users who prefer to statically link Linux binary compatibility into a custom kernel should add " @@ -27364,17 +27576,17 @@ "定檔。 編譯並安裝新核心的方法，如 所述。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:18071 +#: book.translate.xml:18188 msgid "Installing Additional Libraries Manually" msgstr "手動安裝其他程式庫" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18073 +#: book.translate.xml:18190 msgid "shared libraries" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18077 +#: book.translate.xml:18194 msgid "" "If a Linux application complains " "about missing shared libraries after configuring Linux system, " "ldd can be used to determine which shared libraries the " @@ -27404,7 +27616,7 @@ "個指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18089 +#: book.translate.xml:18206 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ldd linuxdoom\n" @@ -27414,12 +27626,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18094 +#: book.translate.xml:18211 msgid "symbolic links" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18098 +#: book.translate.xml:18215 msgid "" "Then, copy all the files in the last column of the output from the " "Linux system into /" @@ -27433,7 +27645,7 @@ "FreeBSD 系統產生以下檔案：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18105 +#: book.translate.xml:18222 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0\n" @@ -27445,7 +27657,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18112 +#: book.translate.xml:18229 msgid "" "If a Linux shared library " "already exists with a matching major revision number to the first column of " @@ -27460,12 +27672,12 @@ "只要符號連結指向新版的程式庫，舊版便可移除。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18120 +#: book.translate.xml:18237 msgid "For example, these libraries already exist on the FreeBSD system:" msgstr "例如，以下程式庫已存在 FreeBSD 系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18123 +#: book.translate.xml:18240 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.27\n" @@ -27473,19 +27685,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18126 +#: book.translate.xml:18243 msgid "" "and ldd indicates that a binary requires a later version:" msgstr "且 ldd 顯示 Binary 需要使用較新的版本：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18129 +#: book.translate.xml:18246 #, no-wrap msgid "libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) -> libc.so.4.6.29" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18131 +#: book.translate.xml:18248 msgid "" "Since the existing library is only one or two versions out of date in the " "last digit, the program should still work with the slightly older version. " @@ -27497,7 +27709,7 @@ "本：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18137 +#: book.translate.xml:18254 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29\n" @@ -27505,7 +27717,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18140 +#: book.translate.xml:18257 msgid "" "Generally, one will need to look for the shared libraries that Linux binaries depend on only the first few " @@ -27522,7 +27734,7 @@ "\"registered\">Linux Binary，便不再需要額外的動作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:18149 +#: book.translate.xml:18266 msgid "" "Installing Linux ELF Binaries" @@ -27531,12 +27743,12 @@ "acronym> Binary" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18152 +#: book.translate.xml:18269 msgid "Linux ELF binaries" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18157 +#: book.translate.xml:18274 msgid "" "ELF binaries sometimes require an extra step. When an " "unbranded ELF binary is executed, it will generate an " @@ -27546,7 +27758,7 @@ "的 ELF Binary，會產生錯誤訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18161 +#: book.translate.xml:18278 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ./my-linux-elf-binary\n" @@ -27555,7 +27767,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18165 +#: book.translate.xml:18282 msgid "" "To help the FreeBSD kernel distinguish between a FreeBSD ELF binary and a Linux " @@ -27568,18 +27780,18 @@ "manvolnum>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18169 +#: book.translate.xml:18286 #, no-wrap msgid "% brandelf -t Linux my-linux-elf-binary" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18171 +#: book.translate.xml:18288 msgid "GNU toolchain" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18175 +#: book.translate.xml:18292 msgid "" "Since the GNU toolchain places the appropriate branding information into " "ELF binaries automatically, this step is usually not " @@ -27589,7 +27801,7 @@ "不需要這個步驟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:18181 +#: book.translate.xml:18298 msgid "" "Installing a Linux RPM Based Application" @@ -27598,7 +27810,7 @@ "acronym> 為基礎的應用程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18184 +#: book.translate.xml:18301 msgid "" "To install a Linux RPM-based application, first install the archivers/rpm4.rpm：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18191 +#: book.translate.xml:18308 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /compat/linux\n" @@ -27620,7 +27832,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18194 +#: book.translate.xml:18311 msgid "" "If necessary, brandelf the installed ELF binaries. Note that this will prevent a clean uninstall." @@ -27629,17 +27841,17 @@ "Binary。注意，這將會無法乾淨地解除安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:18200 +#: book.translate.xml:18317 msgid "Configuring the Hostname Resolver" msgstr "設定主機名稱解析器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18202 +#: book.translate.xml:18319 msgid "If DNS does not work or this error appears:" msgstr "如果 DNS 無法運作或出現這個錯誤：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18205 +#: book.translate.xml:18322 #, no-wrap msgid "" "resolv+: \"bind\" is an invalid keyword resolv+:\n" @@ -27647,12 +27859,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18208 +#: book.translate.xml:18325 msgid "configure /compat/linux/etc/host.conf as follows:" msgstr "將 /compat/linux/etc/host.conf 設定如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:18211 +#: book.translate.xml:18328 #, no-wrap msgid "" "order hosts, bind\n" @@ -27660,7 +27872,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18214 +#: book.translate.xml:18331 msgid "" "This specifies that /etc/hosts is searched first and " "DNS is searched second. When /compat/linux/etc/" @@ -27677,12 +27889,12 @@ "literal>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:19049 book.translate.xml:40181 book.translate.xml:51220 +#: book.translate.xml:19166 book.translate.xml:40298 book.translate.xml:51337 msgid "Advanced Topics" msgstr "進階主題" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19051 +#: book.translate.xml:19168 msgid "" "This section describes how Linux " "binary compatibility works and is based on an email written to execution class loader" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19058 +#: book.translate.xml:19175 msgid "" "FreeBSD has an abstraction called an execution class loader. " "This is a wedge into the execveUNIX loader " "examined the magic number (generally the first 4 or 8 bytes of the file) to " @@ -27715,7 +27927,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19067 +#: book.translate.xml:19184 msgid "" "If it was not the binary type for the system, the " "execve2sh1 to examine the first " @@ -27735,7 +27947,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19077 +#: book.translate.xml:19194 msgid "" "FreeBSD has a list of loaders, instead of a single loader, with a fallback " "to the #! loader for running shell interpreters or shell " @@ -27743,17 +27955,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19081 +#: book.translate.xml:19198 msgid "ELF" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19085 book.translate.xml:53270 +#: book.translate.xml:19202 book.translate.xml:53387 msgid "Solaris" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19089 +#: book.translate.xml:19206 msgid "" "For the Linux ABI support, FreeBSD sees the magic number as an ELF binary. The ELF " @@ -27763,7 +27975,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19095 +#: book.translate.xml:19212 msgid "" "For Linux binaries to function, " "they must be branded as type Linux " @@ -27772,18 +27984,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19099 +#: book.translate.xml:19216 #, no-wrap msgid "# brandelf -t Linux file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19101 +#: book.translate.xml:19218 msgid "ELF branding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19106 +#: book.translate.xml:19223 msgid "" "When the ELF loader sees the Linux brand, the loader " "replaces a pointer in the proc structure. All system " @@ -27794,7 +28006,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19114 +#: book.translate.xml:19231 msgid "" "The Linux system call vector " "contains, among other things, a list of sysent[] entries " @@ -27802,7 +28014,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19118 +#: book.translate.xml:19235 msgid "" "When a system call is called by the Linux binary, the trap code dereferences the system call function " @@ -27812,7 +28024,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19123 +#: book.translate.xml:19240 msgid "" "Linux mode dynamically " "reroots lookups. This is, in effect, equivalent to the " @@ -27834,7 +28046,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19140 +#: book.translate.xml:19257 msgid "" "In effect, there is a Linux " "kernel in the FreeBSD kernel. The various underlying functions that " @@ -27852,7 +28064,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19153 +#: book.translate.xml:19270 msgid "" "Technically, this is not really emulation, it is an ABI " "implementation. It is sometimes called Chern Lee Written by " @@ -27902,7 +28114,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:19202 +#: book.translate.xml:19319 msgid "" " Mike Smith Based on a tutorial written by " @@ -27909,7 +28121,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:19212 +#: book.translate.xml:19329 msgid "" " Matt Dillon Also based on tuning(7) written by " @@ -27916,17 +28128,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19225 +#: book.translate.xml:19342 msgid "system configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19228 +#: book.translate.xml:19345 msgid "system optimization" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19232 +#: book.translate.xml:19349 msgid "" "One of the important aspects of FreeBSD is proper system configuration. This " "chapter explains much of the FreeBSD configuration process, including some " @@ -27936,7 +28148,7 @@ "紹 FreeBSD 的設定流程，包括一些可以調整 FreeBSD 效能的參數設定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19241 +#: book.translate.xml:19358 msgid "" "The basics of rc.conf configuration and /usr/" "local/etc/rc.d startup scripts." @@ -27945,23 +28157,23 @@ "filename> 啟動 Script。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19247 +#: book.translate.xml:19364 msgid "How to configure and test a network card." msgstr "如何設定並測試網路卡。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19251 +#: book.translate.xml:19368 msgid "How to configure virtual hosts on network devices." msgstr "如何在網路裝置上設定虛擬主機。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19256 +#: book.translate.xml:19373 msgid "" "How to use the various configuration files in /etc." msgstr "如何使用在 /etc 中的各種設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19261 +#: book.translate.xml:19378 msgid "" "How to tune FreeBSD using sysctl8 variables." @@ -27970,13 +28182,13 @@ "manvolnum> 變數調校 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19265 +#: book.translate.xml:19382 msgid "How to tune disk performance and modify kernel limitations." msgstr "如何調校磁碟效能及修改核心限制。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19274 book.translate.xml:29397 book.translate.xml:31144 -#: book.translate.xml:34965 book.translate.xml:46153 +#: book.translate.xml:19391 book.translate.xml:29514 book.translate.xml:31261 +#: book.translate.xml:35082 book.translate.xml:46270 msgid "" "Understand UNIX and FreeBSD " "basics ()." @@ -27985,7 +28197,7 @@ "linkend=\"basics\"/>)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19279 +#: book.translate.xml:19396 msgid "" "Be familiar with the basics of kernel configuration and compilation ()." @@ -27992,17 +28204,17 @@ msgstr "熟悉核心設定與編譯的基礎 ()。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:19287 +#: book.translate.xml:19404 msgid "Starting Services" msgstr "啟動服務" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19300 +#: book.translate.xml:19417 msgid "services" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19304 +#: book.translate.xml:19421 msgid "" "Many users install third party software on FreeBSD from the Ports Collection " "and require the installed services to be started upon system initialization. " @@ -28017,11 +28229,11 @@ "將說明可用來啟動第三方軟體的程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19313 +#: book.translate.xml:19430 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, most included services, such as " "cron8, are started through the system start up scripts." +"citerefentry>, are started through the system startup scripts." msgstr "" "在 FreeBSD 大多數內建的服務，例如 cron8 也是透過系統啟動 " @@ -28028,12 +28240,12 @@ "Script 來執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19317 +#: book.translate.xml:19434 msgid "Extended Application Configuration" msgstr "延伸應用程式設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19319 +#: book.translate.xml:19436 msgid "" "Now that FreeBSD includes rc.d, configuration of " "application startup is easier and provides more features. Using the key " @@ -28040,16 +28252,16 @@ "words discussed in , applications can be " "set to start after certain other services and extra flags can be passed " "through /etc/rc.conf in place of hard coded flags in " -"the start up script. A basic script may look similar to the following:" +"the startup script. A basic script may look similar to the following:" msgstr "" -"現在 FreeBSD 會引用 rc.d，讓設定應用程式啟動程式更簡單且" -"提供更多的功能。使用於 所提到的關鍵字，" -"可以設定應用程式在其他特定服務之後啟動且可以透過 /etc/rc.confrc.d，設定應用程式啟動變的更簡單且提" +"供更多的功能。使用於 所提到的關鍵字，可" +"以設定應用程式在其他特定服務之後啟動且可以透過 /etc/rc.conf 來傳遞額外的旗標來取代寫死在啟動 Script 中的旗標。一個基本的 " "Script 可能會如下例所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19328 +#: book.translate.xml:19445 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -28078,7 +28290,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19352 +#: book.translate.xml:19469 msgid "" "This script will ensure that the provided utility will be " "started after the DAEMON pseudo-service. It also provides " @@ -28089,7 +28301,7 @@ "PID) 的方法。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19358 +#: book.translate.xml:19475 msgid "" "This application could then have the following line placed in /etc/" "rc.conf:" @@ -28096,13 +28308,13 @@ msgstr "接著此應用程式便可將下行放到 /etc/rc.conf 中：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19361 +#: book.translate.xml:19478 #, no-wrap msgid "utility_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19363 +#: book.translate.xml:19480 msgid "" "This method allows for easier manipulation of command line arguments, " "inclusion of the default functions provided in /etc/rc.subrrc.conf 簡單的設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19371 +#: book.translate.xml:19488 msgid "Using Services to Start Services" msgstr "使用服務來啟動其他服務" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19373 +#: book.translate.xml:19490 msgid "" "Other services can be started using inetd8. Working with " @@ -28135,7 +28347,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8 以及其設定的深入說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19378 +#: book.translate.xml:19495 msgid "" "In some cases, it may make more sense to use " "cron8@reboot feature of cron8, may be used in place " @@ -28168,7 +28380,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8 後執行。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:19394 +#: book.translate.xml:19511 msgid "" "Configuring cron8" @@ -28177,12 +28389,12 @@ "manvolnum>" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19407 +#: book.translate.xml:19524 msgid "cron configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19412 +#: book.translate.xml:19529 msgid "" "One of the most useful utilities in FreeBSD is cron. This utility runs in the background and regularly checks " @@ -28200,7 +28412,7 @@ "firstterm>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19422 +#: book.translate.xml:19539 msgid "" "Two different types of configuration files are used: the system crontab, " "which should not be modified, and user crontabs, which can be created and " @@ -28221,7 +28433,7 @@ "行指令，而在使用者 crontab，會以建立 crontab 的使用者來執行指令。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19433 +#: book.translate.xml:19550 msgid "" "User crontabs allow individual users to schedule their own tasks. The " "root user can also have a user " @@ -28233,7 +28445,7 @@ "安排不在系統 crontab 中的工作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19439 +#: book.translate.xml:19556 msgid "" "Here is a sample entry from the system crontab, /etc/crontab:" @@ -28240,7 +28452,7 @@ msgstr "以下為系統 crontab /etc/crontab 的範例項目：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19442 +#: book.translate.xml:19559 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# /etc/crontab - root's crontab for FreeBSD\n" @@ -28256,7 +28468,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19455 +#: book.translate.xml:19572 msgid "" "Lines that begin with the # character are comments. A " "comment can be placed in the file as a reminder of what and why a desired " @@ -28269,7 +28481,7 @@ "新的一行，空白行則會被忽略掉。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19464 +#: book.translate.xml:19581 msgid "" "The equals (=) character is used to define any " "environment settings. In this example, it is used to define the " @@ -28284,7 +28496,7 @@ "若 PATH 被省略，則必須指定指令或 Script 的完整路徑才能執行。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19475 +#: book.translate.xml:19592 msgid "" "This line defines the seven fields used in a system crontab: " "minute, hour, mday, " @@ -28311,7 +28523,7 @@ "一個使用者來執行指令。最後一個欄位則是要執行的指令。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19494 +#: book.translate.xml:19611 msgid "" "This entry defines the values for this cron job. The */5, " "followed by several more * characters, specifies that " @@ -28325,7 +28537,7 @@ "libexec/atrun。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19502 +#: book.translate.xml:19619 msgid "" "Commands can include any number of switches. However, commands which extend " "to multiple lines need to be broken with the backslash \\ " @@ -28335,12 +28547,12 @@ "字元換行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19510 +#: book.translate.xml:19627 msgid "Creating a User Crontab" msgstr "建立使用者的 Crontab" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19512 +#: book.translate.xml:19629 msgid "" "To create a user crontab, invoke crontab in editor mode:" msgstr "" @@ -28347,13 +28559,13 @@ "要建立一個使用者 crontab 可使用編輯模式執行 crontab：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19515 +#: book.translate.xml:19632 #, no-wrap msgid "% crontab -e" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19517 +#: book.translate.xml:19634 msgid "" "This will open the user's crontab using the default text editor. The first " "time a user runs this command, it will open an empty file. Once a user " @@ -28364,7 +28576,7 @@ "編輯。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19522 +#: book.translate.xml:19639 msgid "" "It is useful to add these lines to the top of the crontab file in order to " "set the environment variables and to remember the meanings of the fields in " @@ -28374,7 +28586,7 @@ "非常有用：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19526 +#: book.translate.xml:19643 #, no-wrap msgid "" "SHELL=/bin/sh\n" @@ -28384,7 +28596,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19531 +#: book.translate.xml:19648 msgid "" "Then add a line for each command or script to run, specifying the time to " "run the command. This example runs the specified custom Bourne shell script " @@ -28396,13 +28608,13 @@ "literal> 指定 Script 的路徑，所以必須給予完整的 Script 路徑：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19538 +#: book.translate.xml:19655 #, no-wrap msgid "0\t14\t*\t*\t*\t/usr/home/dru/bin/mycustomscript.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:19541 +#: book.translate.xml:19658 msgid "" "Before using a custom script, make sure it is executable and test it with " "the limited set of environment variables set by cron. To replicate the " @@ -28412,13 +28624,13 @@ "境變數下測試。要複製一個用來執行上述 cron 項目的環境可以使用：" #. (itstool) path: tip/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19546 +#: book.translate.xml:19663 #, no-wrap msgid "env -i SHELL=/bin/sh PATH=/etc:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin HOME=/home/dru LOGNAME=dru /usr/home/dru/bin/mycustomscript.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:19548 +#: book.translate.xml:19665 msgid "" "The environment set by cron is discussed in " "crontab5cron will read the crontab and run " @@ -28444,7 +28656,7 @@ "job。要列出 crontab 中有那一些 cron job 可以使用此指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19560 +#: book.translate.xml:19677 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% crontab -l\n" @@ -28452,12 +28664,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19563 +#: book.translate.xml:19680 msgid "To remove all of the cron jobs in a user crontab:" msgstr "要移除使用在使用者 crontab 中的 cron job 可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19565 +#: book.translate.xml:19682 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% crontab -r\n" @@ -28465,12 +28677,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:19572 +#: book.translate.xml:19689 msgid "Managing Services in FreeBSD" msgstr "管理 FreeBSD 中的服務" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19585 +#: book.translate.xml:19702 msgid "" "FreeBSD uses the rc8 system of startup " @@ -28492,13 +28704,13 @@ "citerefentry>：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19593 +#: book.translate.xml:19710 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19595 +#: book.translate.xml:19712 msgid "" "This procedure can be used to start services on a running system. Services " "will be started automatically at boot time as specified in " @@ -28515,13 +28727,13 @@ "manvolnum>，可入下行到 /etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19601 +#: book.translate.xml:19718 #, no-wrap msgid "natd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19603 +#: book.translate.xml:19720 msgid "" "If a line is already present, change the " "NO to YES. The " @@ -28535,7 +28747,7 @@ "相依的服務，詳細如下所述。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19609 +#: book.translate.xml:19726 msgid "" "Since the rc8 system is primarily intended to start and stop " @@ -28565,13 +28777,13 @@ "manvolnum> 可執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19625 +#: book.translate.xml:19742 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd onerestart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19627 +#: book.translate.xml:19744 msgid "" "To check if a service is enabled in /etc/rc.conf, run " "the appropriate rc8 是否在 /etc/rc.conf 已經開啟：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19633 +#: book.translate.xml:19750 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service sshd rcvar\n" @@ -28598,7 +28810,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:19640 +#: book.translate.xml:19757 msgid "" "The # sshd line is output from the above command, not a " "root console." @@ -28607,7 +28819,7 @@ "\"username\">root console。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19645 +#: book.translate.xml:19762 msgid "" "To determine whether or not a service is running, use 啟動 Script：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19687 +#: book.translate.xml:19804 msgid "PROVIDE: Specifies the services this file provides." msgstr "PROVIDE: 設定此檔案所提供的服務。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19692 +#: book.translate.xml:19809 msgid "" "The following key words may be included at the top of each startup script. " "They are not strictly necessary, but are useful as hints to " @@ -28717,7 +28929,7 @@ "manvolnum> 是非常有用的提示：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19698 +#: book.translate.xml:19815 msgid "" "REQUIRE: Lists services which are required for this " "service. The script containing this key word will run after之後 才執行。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19705 +#: book.translate.xml:19822 msgid "" "BEFORE: Lists services which depend on this service. The " "script containing this key word will run before the " @@ -28737,7 +28949,7 @@ "指定的服務啟動 之前 執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19712 +#: book.translate.xml:19829 msgid "" "By carefully setting these keywords for each startup script, an " "administrator has a fine-grained level of control of the startup order of " @@ -28749,7 +28961,7 @@ "業系統所使用的 runlevels。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19718 +#: book.translate.xml:19835 msgid "" "Additional information can be found in rc8 and " @@ -28767,12 +28979,12 @@ "refentrytitle>8 Script 的操作說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19724 +#: book.translate.xml:19841 msgid "Managing System-Specific Configuration" msgstr "管理系統特定的設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19726 +#: book.translate.xml:19843 msgid "" "rc files rc.conf" @@ -28779,7 +28991,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19731 +#: book.translate.xml:19848 msgid "" "The principal location for system configuration information is /" "etc/rc.conf. This file contains a wide range of configuration " @@ -28792,7 +29004,7 @@ "filename> 檔案使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19738 +#: book.translate.xml:19855 msgid "" "The entries in /etc/rc.conf override the default " "settings in /etc/defaults/rc.conf. The file containing " @@ -28804,7 +29016,7 @@ "系統特定的設定應到 /etc/rc.conf 所修改。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19745 +#: book.translate.xml:19862 msgid "" "A number of strategies may be applied in clustered applications to separate " "site-wide configuration from system-specific configuration in order to " @@ -28819,7 +29031,7 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19754 +#: book.translate.xml:19871 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sshd_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -28828,7 +29040,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19758 +#: book.translate.xml:19875 msgid "" "Whereas these entries in /etc/rc.conf.local apply to " "this system only:" @@ -28835,7 +29047,7 @@ msgstr "而只套用到此系統的設定放在 /etc/rc.conf.local：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19762 +#: book.translate.xml:19879 #, no-wrap msgid "" "hostname=\"node1.example.org\"\n" @@ -28843,7 +29055,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19765 +#: book.translate.xml:19882 msgid "" "Distribute /etc/rc.conf to every system using an " "application such as rsync or puppet/etc/rc.conf.local。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19772 +#: book.translate.xml:19889 msgid "" "Upgrading the system will not overwrite /etc/rc.conf, " "so system configuration information will not be lost." @@ -28863,7 +29075,7 @@ "此遺失。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:19777 +#: book.translate.xml:19894 msgid "" "Both /etc/rc.conf and /etc/rc.conf.local are parsed by sh Marc Fonvieille Contributed by " @@ -28894,12 +29106,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19802 book.translate.xml:20015 +#: book.translate.xml:19919 book.translate.xml:20132 msgid "network cards configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19807 +#: book.translate.xml:19924 msgid "" "Adding and configuring a network interface card (NIC) is " "a common task for any FreeBSD administrator." @@ -28908,17 +29120,17 @@ "NIC) 會是一件常見的工作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19812 +#: book.translate.xml:19929 msgid "Locating the Correct Driver" msgstr "找到正確的驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19814 +#: book.translate.xml:19931 msgid "network cards driver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19819 +#: book.translate.xml:19936 msgid "" "First, determine the model of the NIC and the chip it " "uses. FreeBSD supports a wide variety of NICs. Check the " @@ -28930,7 +29142,7 @@ "支援該 NIC。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19825 +#: book.translate.xml:19942 msgid "" "If the NIC is supported, determine the name of the " "FreeBSD driver for the NIC. Refer to /usr/src/" @@ -28948,7 +29160,7 @@ "驅動程式已知問題的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19835 +#: book.translate.xml:19952 msgid "" "The drivers for common NICs are already present in the " "GENERIC kernel, meaning the NIC " @@ -28967,7 +29179,7 @@ "citerefentry> 驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19844 +#: book.translate.xml:19961 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dc0: <82c169 PNIC 10/100BaseTX> port 0xa000-0xa0ff mem 0xd3800000-0xd38\n" @@ -28987,7 +29199,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19859 +#: book.translate.xml:19976 msgid "" "If the driver for the NIC is not present in " "GENERIC, but a driver is available, the driver will " @@ -28999,7 +29211,7 @@ "驅動程式，有兩種方式可以完成這件事：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19867 +#: book.translate.xml:19984 msgid "" "The easiest way is to load a kernel module for the NIC " "using kldload8NIC " "into a custom kernel. Refer to /usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES, " @@ -29032,7 +29244,7 @@ "編譯核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:19890 +#: book.translate.xml:20007 msgid "" "Using Windows NDIS Drivers" @@ -29041,17 +29253,17 @@ "acronym> 驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19892 +#: book.translate.xml:20009 msgid "NDIS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19895 +#: book.translate.xml:20012 msgid "NDISulator" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19898 +#: book.translate.xml:20015 msgid "" "Windows drivers" @@ -29058,7 +29270,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19901 +#: book.translate.xml:20018 msgid "" "Microsoft Windows device " @@ -29066,12 +29278,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19905 +#: book.translate.xml:20022 msgid "KLD (kernel loadable object)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19913 +#: book.translate.xml:20030 msgid "" "Unfortunately, there are still many vendors that do not provide schematics " "for their drivers to the open source community because they regard such " @@ -29088,7 +29300,7 @@ "\">Windows 平台用的驅動程式 Binary。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19922 +#: book.translate.xml:20039 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides native support for the Network Driver " "Interface Specification (NDIS). It includes " @@ -29114,7 +29326,7 @@ "USB 裝置也都有支援。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19932 +#: book.translate.xml:20049 msgid "" "To use ndisgen8, three things are needed:" @@ -29123,12 +29335,12 @@ "manvolnum> 需要三樣東西：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19936 +#: book.translate.xml:20053 msgid "FreeBSD kernel sources." msgstr "FreeBSD 核心原始碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19940 +#: book.translate.xml:20057 msgid "" "A Windows XP driver binary with " "a .SYS extension." @@ -29137,7 +29349,7 @@ "\">Windows XP 驅動程式 Binary。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19945 +#: book.translate.xml:20062 msgid "" "A Windows XP driver " "configuration file with a .INF extension." @@ -29146,7 +29358,7 @@ "\">Windows XP 驅動程式設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19950 +#: book.translate.xml:20067 msgid "" "Download the .SYS and .INF files " "for the specific NIC. Generally, these can be found on " @@ -29159,7 +29371,7 @@ "W32DRIVER.INF。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19957 +#: book.translate.xml:20074 msgid "" "The driver bit width must match the version of FreeBSD. For FreeBSD/i386, " "use a Windows 32-bit driver. For " @@ -29172,7 +29384,7 @@ "64-bit 驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19961 +#: book.translate.xml:20078 msgid "" "The next step is to compile the driver binary into a loadable kernel module. " "As root, use " @@ -29185,13 +29397,13 @@ "manvolnum>：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19966 +#: book.translate.xml:20083 #, no-wrap msgid "# ndisgen /path/to/W32DRIVER.INF /path/to/W32DRIVER.SYS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19968 +#: book.translate.xml:20085 msgid "" "This command is interactive and prompts for any extra information it " "requires. A new kernel module will be generated in the current directory. " @@ -29203,13 +29415,13 @@ "refentrytitle>8 來載入新的模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19973 +#: book.translate.xml:20090 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload ./W32DRIVER_SYS.ko" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19975 +#: book.translate.xml:20092 msgid "" "In addition to the generated kernel module, the ndis.ko " "and if_ndis.ko modules must be loaded. This should " @@ -29224,7 +29436,7 @@ "載入。若沒有自動載入，則需使用以下指令手動載入：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19982 +#: book.translate.xml:20099 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kldload ndis\n" @@ -29232,7 +29444,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19985 +#: book.translate.xml:20102 msgid "" "The first command loads the ndis4 miniport driver " @@ -29243,7 +29455,7 @@ "式，而第二個指令會載入產生的 NIC 驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19989 +#: book.translate.xml:20106 msgid "" "Check dmesg8 to see if there were any load errors. If all went " @@ -29254,7 +29466,7 @@ "下所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19993 +#: book.translate.xml:20110 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ndis0: <Wireless-G PCI Adapter> mem 0xf4100000-0xf4101fff irq 3 at device 8.0 on pci1\n" @@ -29265,7 +29477,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19999 +#: book.translate.xml:20116 msgid "" "From here, ndis0 can be configured like any other " "NIC." @@ -29274,7 +29486,7 @@ "定使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20002 +#: book.translate.xml:20119 msgid "" "To configure the system to load the ndis4 modules at boot time, " @@ -29288,18 +29500,18 @@ "然後加入下行到 /boot/loader.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20008 +#: book.translate.xml:20125 #, no-wrap msgid "W32DRIVER_SYS_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20013 +#: book.translate.xml:20130 msgid "Configuring the Network Card" msgstr "設定網路卡" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20020 +#: book.translate.xml:20137 msgid "" "Once the right driver is loaded for the NIC, the card " "needs to be configured. It may have been configured at installation time by " @@ -29311,7 +29523,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8 設定過了。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20025 +#: book.translate.xml:20142 msgid "" "To display the NIC configuration, enter the following " "command:" @@ -29318,7 +29530,7 @@ msgstr "要查看 NIC 設定可輸入以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20028 +#: book.translate.xml:20145 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ifconfig\n" @@ -29343,27 +29555,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20048 +#: book.translate.xml:20165 msgid "In this example, the following devices were displayed:" msgstr "在這個例子中列出了以下裝置：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20053 +#: book.translate.xml:20170 msgid "dc0: The first Ethernet interface." msgstr "dc0: 第一個乙太網路介面。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20058 +#: book.translate.xml:20175 msgid "dc1: The second Ethernet interface." msgstr "dc1: 第二個乙太網路介面。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20063 +#: book.translate.xml:20180 msgid "lo0: The loopback device." msgstr "lo0: Loopback 裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20068 +#: book.translate.xml:20185 msgid "" "FreeBSD uses the driver name followed by the order in which the card is " "detected at boot to name the NIC. For example, " @@ -29377,7 +29589,7 @@ "citerefentry> 驅動程式的第三個 NIC。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20075 +#: book.translate.xml:20192 msgid "" "In this example, dc0 is up and running. The key " "indicators are:" @@ -29384,12 +29596,12 @@ msgstr "在此例中，dc0 已經上線並且執行中。主要的依據有：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20080 +#: book.translate.xml:20197 msgid "UP means that the card is configured and ready." msgstr "UP 代表介面卡已設定好並且準備就緒。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20085 +#: book.translate.xml:20202 msgid "" "The card has an Internet (inet) address, 192.168.1.3." @@ -29398,7 +29610,7 @@ "\"ipaddress\">192.168.1.3。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20090 +#: book.translate.xml:20207 msgid "" "It has a valid subnet mask (netmask), where 0xffffff00 is the same as 255.255.255.0。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20097 +#: book.translate.xml:20214 msgid "" "It has a valid broadcast address, 192.168.1.255." @@ -29418,7 +29630,7 @@ "systemitem>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20101 +#: book.translate.xml:20218 msgid "" "The MAC address of the card (ether) is " "00:a0:cc:da:da:da." @@ -29427,7 +29639,7 @@ "00:a0:cc:da:da:da。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20106 +#: book.translate.xml:20223 msgid "" "The physical media selection is on autoselection mode (media: " "Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)). In this " @@ -29441,7 +29653,7 @@ "請參考操作手冊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20116 +#: book.translate.xml:20233 msgid "" "The status of the link (status) is active, indicating that the carrier signal is detected. For dc1status: no carrier 是正常的。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20125 +#: book.translate.xml:20242 msgid "" "If the ifconfig8 output had shown something similar to:" @@ -29462,7 +29674,7 @@ "manvolnum> 的輸出結果如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20128 +#: book.translate.xml:20245 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dc0: flags=8843<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n" @@ -29473,12 +29685,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20134 +#: book.translate.xml:20251 msgid "it would indicate the card has not been configured." msgstr "則代表尚未設定介面卡。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20136 +#: book.translate.xml:20253 msgid "" "The card must be configured as root. The NIC configuration can be performed from " @@ -29496,19 +29708,19 @@ "器，則只需加入此行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20145 +#: book.translate.xml:20262 #, no-wrap msgid "ifconfig_dc0=\"DHCP\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20147 +#: book.translate.xml:20264 msgid "" "Replace dc0 with the correct value for the system." msgstr "替換 dc0 為該系統的正確值。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20150 +#: book.translate.xml:20267 msgid "" "The line added, then, follow the instructions given in ." @@ -29516,7 +29728,7 @@ "加入這行之後，接著依據 指示操作。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:20154 +#: book.translate.xml:20271 msgid "" "If the network was configured during installation, some entries for the " "NIC(s) may be already present. Double check /" @@ -29526,7 +29738,7 @@ "任何設定前請再次檢查 /etc/rc.conf。 " #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20160 +#: book.translate.xml:20277 msgid "" "In the case, there is no DHCP server, the NIC(s) have to be configured manually. Add a line for each " @@ -29536,7 +29748,7 @@ "acronym>。提每一個在系統上的 NIC 加入一行設定，如此例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20165 +#: book.translate.xml:20282 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ifconfig_dc0=\"inet 192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n" @@ -29544,7 +29756,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20168 +#: book.translate.xml:20285 msgid "" "Replace dc0 and dc1 and the " "IP address information with the correct values for the " @@ -29562,7 +29774,7 @@ "及 /etc/rc.conf 的語法。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20175 +#: book.translate.xml:20292 msgid "" "If the network is not using DNS, edit /etc/" "hosts to add the names and IP addresses of the " @@ -29578,7 +29790,7 @@ "share/examples/etc/hosts。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:20183 +#: book.translate.xml:20300 msgid "" "If there is no DHCP server and access to the Internet is " "needed, manually configure the default gateway and the nameserver:" @@ -29587,7 +29799,7 @@ "閘道及名稱伺服器：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20187 +#: book.translate.xml:20304 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# echo 'defaultrouter=\"your_default_router\"' >> /etc/rc.conf\n" @@ -29595,12 +29807,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20193 +#: book.translate.xml:20310 msgid "Testing and Troubleshooting" msgstr "測試與疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20195 +#: book.translate.xml:20312 msgid "" "Once the necessary changes to /etc/rc.conf are saved, a " "reboot can be used to test the network configuration and to verify that the " @@ -29613,27 +29825,27 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20202 book.translate.xml:62440 +#: book.translate.xml:20319 book.translate.xml:62557 #, no-wrap msgid "# service netif restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:20205 +#: book.translate.xml:20322 msgid "" "If a default gateway has been set in /etc/rc.conf, also " "issue this command:" msgstr "" -"若預設的閘道器已設定於 /etc/rc.conf 也同樣要下這個指令：" +"若預設的通訊閘已設定於 /etc/rc.conf 也同樣要下這個指令：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20209 +#: book.translate.xml:20326 #, no-wrap msgid "# service routing restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20212 +#: book.translate.xml:20329 msgid "" "Once the networking system has been relaunched, test the NICs." @@ -29640,17 +29852,17 @@ msgstr "網路系統重新啟動後，便可接著測試 NIC。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20216 +#: book.translate.xml:20333 msgid "Testing the Ethernet Card" msgstr "測試乙太網路卡" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20218 +#: book.translate.xml:20335 msgid "network cards testing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20223 +#: book.translate.xml:20340 msgid "" "To verify that an Ethernet card is configured correctly, " "ping8 其他於 LAN 上的主機：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20227 +#: book.translate.xml:20344 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ping -c5 192.168.1.3\n" @@ -29681,7 +29893,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20239 +#: book.translate.xml:20356 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ping -c5 192.168.1.2\n" @@ -29698,7 +29910,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20251 +#: book.translate.xml:20368 msgid "" "To test network resolution, use the host name instead of the IP address. If there is no DNS server on the " @@ -29718,12 +29930,12 @@ "citerefentry> 及 /usr/share/examples/etc/hosts。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20266 +#: book.translate.xml:20383 msgid "network cards troubleshooting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20271 +#: book.translate.xml:20388 msgid "" "When troubleshooting hardware and software configurations, check the simple " "things first. Is the network cable plugged in? Are the network services " @@ -29738,7 +29950,7 @@ "STABLE 版本、檢查郵遞論壇封存記錄以及上網查詢。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20280 +#: book.translate.xml:20397 msgid "" "If the card works, yet performance is poor, read through " "tuning7device timeout " "messages, which is normal for some cards. If they continue, or are " @@ -29762,7 +29974,7 @@ "次檢查網路線，或考慮使用其他介面卡。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20292 +#: book.translate.xml:20409 msgid "" "To resolve watchdog timeout errors, first check the " "network cable. Many cards require a PCI slot which " @@ -29776,7 +29988,7 @@ "NIC 以及主機板說明文件來確定是否為此問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20301 +#: book.translate.xml:20418 msgid "" "No route to host messages occur if the system is " "unable to route a packet to the destination host. This can happen if no " @@ -29790,7 +30002,7 @@ "有，請閱讀 。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20309 +#: book.translate.xml:20426 msgid "" "ping: sendto: Permission denied error messages are " "often caused by a misconfigured firewall. If a firewall is enabled on " @@ -29806,7 +30018,7 @@ "\"firewalls\"/> 取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20316 +#: book.translate.xml:20433 msgid "" "Sometimes performance of the card is poor or below average. In these cases, " "try setting the media selection mode from autoselect to " @@ -29822,22 +30034,22 @@ "citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:20328 +#: book.translate.xml:20445 msgid "Virtual Hosts" msgstr "虛擬主機" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20330 +#: book.translate.xml:20447 msgid "virtual hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20331 +#: book.translate.xml:20448 msgid "IP aliases" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20334 +#: book.translate.xml:20451 msgid "" "A common use of FreeBSD is virtual site hosting, where one server appears to " "the network as many servers. This is achieved by assigning multiple network " @@ -29847,7 +30059,7 @@ "器，這可以透過指定多個網路位置到一個網路介面來做到。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20339 +#: book.translate.xml:20456 msgid "" "A given network interface has one real address, and may have " "any number of alias addresses. These aliases are normally " @@ -29859,13 +30071,13 @@ "名項目來增加別名，如下例：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20345 +#: book.translate.xml:20462 #, no-wrap msgid "ifconfig_fxp0_alias0=\"inet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20347 +#: book.translate.xml:20464 msgid "" "Alias entries must start with alias0 using a sequential number such as alias0, " @@ -29877,7 +30089,7 @@ "推，設定程序會在第一個遇到缺號的地方中止。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20354 +#: book.translate.xml:20471 msgid "" "The calculation of alias netmasks is important. For a given interface, there " "must be one address which correctly represents the network's netmask. Any " @@ -29892,7 +30104,7 @@ "0xffffffff 來表示。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20362 +#: book.translate.xml:20479 msgid "" "For example, consider the case where the fxp0 interface " "is connected to two networks: 10.1.1.0/etc/rc.conf entries configure the " "adapter correctly for this scenario:" @@ -29936,7 +30148,7 @@ "目：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20387 +#: book.translate.xml:20504 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ifconfig_fxp0=\"inet 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n" @@ -29951,7 +30163,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20397 +#: book.translate.xml:20514 msgid "" "A simpler way to express this is with a space-separated list of IP address ranges. The first address will be given the indicated " @@ -29963,18 +30175,18 @@ "255.255.255.255 的子網路遮罩。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20403 +#: book.translate.xml:20520 #, no-wrap msgid "ifconfig_fxp0_aliases=\"inet 10.1.1.1-5/24 inet 202.0.75.17-20/28\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:20408 +#: book.translate.xml:20525 msgid "Configuring System Logging" msgstr "設定系統日誌" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:20411 +#: book.translate.xml:20528 msgid "" " Niclas Zeising Contributed by " @@ -29981,18 +30193,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20421 +#: book.translate.xml:20538 msgid "system logging" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20424 book.translate.xml:57157 +#: book.translate.xml:20541 book.translate.xml:57274 msgid "syslog" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20427 +#: book.translate.xml:20544 msgid "" "syslogd8" @@ -29999,7 +30211,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20431 +#: book.translate.xml:20548 msgid "" "Generating and reading system logs is an important aspect of system " "administration. The information in system logs can be used to detect " @@ -30014,7 +30226,7 @@ "生日誌項目。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20439 +#: book.translate.xml:20556 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides a system logger, syslogd, to " "manage logging. By default, syslogd is started " @@ -30034,7 +30246,7 @@ "manvolnum> 來取得更多可用參數的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20450 +#: book.translate.xml:20567 msgid "" "This section describes how to configure the FreeBSD system logger for both " "local and remote logging and how to perform log rotation and log management." @@ -30043,17 +30255,17 @@ "誌翻轉 (Log rotation) 與日誌管理。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20455 +#: book.translate.xml:20572 msgid "Configuring Local Logging" msgstr "設定本地日誌" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20457 +#: book.translate.xml:20574 msgid "syslog.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20459 +#: book.translate.xml:20576 msgid "" "The configuration file, /etc/syslog.conf, controls what " "syslogd does with log entries as they are " @@ -30074,7 +30286,7 @@ "名稱來決定後續處置的動作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20474 +#: book.translate.xml:20591 msgid "" "This configuration file contains one line per action, where the syntax for " "each line is a selector field followed by an action field. The syntax of the " @@ -30098,7 +30310,7 @@ "以下為 FreeBSD 預設的 syslog.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20489 +#: book.translate.xml:20606 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# $FreeBSD$\n" @@ -30139,12 +30351,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20525 +#: book.translate.xml:20642 msgid "In this example:" msgstr "在這個範例中：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20529 +#: book.translate.xml:20646 msgid "" "Line 8 matches all messages with a level of err or " "higher, as well as kern.warning, auth.notice/dev/console)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20539 +#: book.translate.xml:20656 msgid "" "Line 12 matches all messages from the mail facility at " "level info or above and logs the messages to /" @@ -30168,7 +30380,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20546 +#: book.translate.xml:20663 msgid "" "Line 17 uses a comparison flag (=) to only match messages " "at level debug and logs them to /var/log/debug." @@ -30178,7 +30390,7 @@ "literal> 層級的訊息，並將訊息記錄至 /var/log/debug.log。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20553 +#: book.translate.xml:20670 msgid "" "Line 33 is an example usage of a program specification. This makes the rules " "following it only valid for the specified program. In this case, only the " @@ -30190,7 +30402,7 @@ "/var/log/ppp.log。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20561 +#: book.translate.xml:20678 msgid "" "The available levels, in order from most to least critical are " "emerg, alert, crit, " @@ -30203,7 +30415,7 @@ "literal> 以及 debug。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20568 +#: book.translate.xml:20685 msgid "" "The facilities, in no particular order, are auth, " "authpriv, console, cronnotice and higher to " "/var/log/daemon.log, add the following entry:" @@ -30233,13 +30445,13 @@ "log/daemon.log 可加入以下項目：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20584 +#: book.translate.xml:20701 #, no-wrap msgid "daemon.notice /var/log/daemon.log" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20586 +#: book.translate.xml:20703 msgid "" "For more information about the different levels and facilities, refer to " "syslog3。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20594 +#: book.translate.xml:20711 msgid "Log Management and Rotation" msgstr "日誌管理與翻轉" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20596 +#: book.translate.xml:20713 msgid "newsyslog" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20597 +#: book.translate.xml:20714 msgid "newsyslog.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20598 +#: book.translate.xml:20715 msgid "log rotation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20599 +#: book.translate.xml:20716 msgid "log management" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20601 +#: book.translate.xml:20718 msgid "" "Log files can grow quickly, taking up disk space and making it more " "difficult to locate useful information. Log management attempts to mitigate " @@ -30308,7 +30520,7 @@ "次。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20614 +#: book.translate.xml:20731 msgid "" "To know which actions to take, newsyslog reads " "its configuration file, /etc/newsyslog.conf. This file " @@ -30325,7 +30537,7 @@ "知的程式。以下為 FreeBSD 的預設設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20624 +#: book.translate.xml:20741 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# configuration file for newsyslog\n" @@ -30370,7 +30582,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20664 +#: book.translate.xml:20781 msgid "" "Each line starts with the name of the log to be rotated, optionally followed " "by an owner and group for both rotated and newly created files. The " @@ -30399,7 +30611,7 @@ "信號 (Signal) 編號。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20682 +#: book.translate.xml:20799 msgid "" "For more information on all fields, valid flags, and how to specify the " "rotation time, refer to newsyslog.confsyslogd and " @@ -30445,12 +30657,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20721 +#: book.translate.xml:20838 msgid "Log Server Configuration" msgstr "日誌伺服器設定" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20723 +#: book.translate.xml:20840 msgid "" "A log server is a system that has been configured to accept logging " "information from other hosts. Before configuring a log server, check the " @@ -30458,7 +30670,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20729 +#: book.translate.xml:20846 msgid "" "If there is a firewall between the logging server and any logging clients, " "ensure that the firewall ruleset allows UDP port 514 for " @@ -30466,7 +30678,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20736 +#: book.translate.xml:20853 msgid "" "The logging server and all client machines must have forward and reverse " "entries in the local DNS. If the network does not have a " @@ -30476,7 +30688,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20746 +#: book.translate.xml:20863 msgid "" "On the log server, edit /etc/syslog.conf to specify the " "name of the client to receive log entries from, the logging facility to be " @@ -30486,12 +30698,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:20756 +#: book.translate.xml:20873 msgid "Sample Log Server Configuration" msgstr "日誌伺服器設定範例" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20758 +#: book.translate.xml:20875 #, no-wrap msgid "" "+logclient.example.com\n" @@ -30499,7 +30711,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20762 +#: book.translate.xml:20879 msgid "" "When adding multiple log clients, add a similar two-line entry for each " "client. More information about the available facilities may be found in " @@ -30508,12 +30720,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20766 +#: book.translate.xml:20883 msgid "Next, configure /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20769 +#: book.translate.xml:20886 #, no-wrap msgid "" "syslogd_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -30521,7 +30733,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20772 +#: book.translate.xml:20889 msgid "" "The first entry starts syslogd at system boot. " "The second entry allows log entries from the specified client. The options may be specified to allow logging from " "multiple clients. IP addresses and whole netblocks may " @@ -30541,18 +30753,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20786 +#: book.translate.xml:20903 msgid "Finally, create the log file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20788 +#: book.translate.xml:20905 #, no-wrap msgid "# touch /var/log/logclient.log" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20790 +#: book.translate.xml:20907 msgid "" "At this point, syslogd should be restarted and " "verified:" @@ -30559,7 +30771,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20793 +#: book.translate.xml:20910 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service syslogd restart\n" @@ -30567,7 +30779,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20796 +#: book.translate.xml:20913 msgid "" "If a PID is returned, the server restarted successfully, " "and client configuration can begin. If the server did not restart, consult " @@ -30575,12 +30787,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20803 +#: book.translate.xml:20920 msgid "Log Client Configuration" msgstr "日誌客戶端設定" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20805 +#: book.translate.xml:20922 msgid "" "A logging client sends log entries to a logging server on the network. The " "client also keeps a local copy of its own logs." @@ -30587,7 +30799,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20809 +#: book.translate.xml:20926 msgid "" "Once a logging server has been configured, edit /etc/rc.conf on the logging client:" @@ -30594,7 +30806,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20813 +#: book.translate.xml:20930 #, no-wrap msgid "" "syslogd_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -30602,7 +30814,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20816 +#: book.translate.xml:20933 msgid "" "The first entry enables syslogd on boot up. The " "second entry prevents logs from being accepted by this client from other " @@ -30610,7 +30822,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20822 +#: book.translate.xml:20939 msgid "" "Next, define the logging server in the client's /etc/syslog.conf. In this example, all logged facilities are sent to a remote " @@ -30619,13 +30831,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20828 +#: book.translate.xml:20945 #, no-wrap msgid "*.*\t\t@logserv.example.com" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20830 +#: book.translate.xml:20947 msgid "" "After saving the edit, restart syslogd for the " "changes to take effect:" @@ -30632,13 +30844,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20834 book.translate.xml:20878 +#: book.translate.xml:20951 book.translate.xml:20995 #, no-wrap msgid "# service syslogd restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20836 +#: book.translate.xml:20953 msgid "" "To test that log messages are being sent across the network, use " "logger1# logger \"Test message from logclient\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20842 +#: book.translate.xml:20959 msgid "" "This message should now exist both in /var/log/messages " "on the client and /var/log/logclient.log on the log " @@ -30661,12 +30873,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20849 +#: book.translate.xml:20966 msgid "Debugging Log Servers" msgstr "日誌伺服器除錯" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20851 +#: book.translate.xml:20968 msgid "" "If no messages are being received on the log server, the cause is most " "likely a network connectivity issue, a hostname resolution issue, or a typo " @@ -30680,7 +30892,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20865 +#: book.translate.xml:20982 msgid "" "If the ping succeeds on both hosts but log messages are " "still not being received, temporarily increase logging verbosity to narrow " @@ -30692,13 +30904,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20876 +#: book.translate.xml:20993 #, no-wrap msgid "syslogd_flags=\"-d -a logclient.example.com -v -v\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20880 +#: book.translate.xml:20997 msgid "" "Debugging data similar to the following will flash on the console " "immediately after the restart:" @@ -30705,7 +30917,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20883 +#: book.translate.xml:21000 #, no-wrap msgid "" "logmsg: pri 56, flags 4, from logserv.example.com, msg syslogd: restart\n" @@ -30719,7 +30931,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20892 +#: book.translate.xml:21009 msgid "" "In this example, the log messages are being rejected due to a typo which " "results in a hostname mismatch. The client's hostname should be " @@ -30728,7 +30940,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20898 +#: book.translate.xml:21015 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service syslogd restart\n" @@ -30747,7 +30959,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20912 +#: book.translate.xml:21029 msgid "" "At this point, the messages are being properly received and placed in the " "correct file." @@ -30755,12 +30967,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect3/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20917 book.translate.xml:52694 +#: book.translate.xml:21034 book.translate.xml:52811 msgid "Security Considerations" msgstr "安全注意事項" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20919 +#: book.translate.xml:21036 msgid "" "As with any network service, security requirements should be considered " "before implementing a logging server. Log files may contain sensitive data " @@ -30772,7 +30984,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20929 +#: book.translate.xml:21046 msgid "" "Local security is also an issue. Log files are not encrypted during use or " "after log rotation. Local users may access log files to gain additional " @@ -30786,12 +30998,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20947 +#: book.translate.xml:21064 msgid "/etc Layout" msgstr "/etc 配置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20950 +#: book.translate.xml:21067 msgid "" "There are a number of directories in which configuration information is " "kept. These include:" @@ -30798,32 +31010,32 @@ msgstr "有數個目錄中儲存著設定資訊，這些目錄有：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20960 +#: book.translate.xml:21077 msgid "/etc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20961 +#: book.translate.xml:21078 msgid "Generic system-specific configuration information." msgstr "通用系統特定的設定資訊。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20966 +#: book.translate.xml:21083 msgid "/etc/defaults" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20967 +#: book.translate.xml:21084 msgid "Default versions of system configuration files." msgstr "系統設定檔的預設版本。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20972 +#: book.translate.xml:21089 msgid "/etc/mail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20973 +#: book.translate.xml:21090 msgid "" "Extra sendmail8 configuration and other MTA " @@ -30833,22 +31045,22 @@ "manvolnum> 額外的設定以及其他 MTA 設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20978 +#: book.translate.xml:21095 msgid "/etc/ppp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20979 +#: book.translate.xml:21096 msgid "Configuration for both user- and kernel-ppp programs." msgstr "user- 及 kernel-ppp 程式的設定。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20984 book.translate.xml:55470 +#: book.translate.xml:21101 book.translate.xml:55587 msgid "/etc/namedb" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20985 +#: book.translate.xml:21102 msgid "" "Default location for named8 data. Normally " @@ -30859,12 +31071,12 @@ "檔案正常會儲存在此處。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20991 +#: book.translate.xml:21108 msgid "/usr/local/etc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20992 +#: book.translate.xml:21109 msgid "" "Configuration files for installed applications. May contain per-application " "subdirectories." @@ -30871,12 +31083,12 @@ msgstr "已安裝應用程式的設定檔，可能會有以應用程式區分的子目錄。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20997 +#: book.translate.xml:21114 msgid "/usr/local/etc/rc.d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20998 +#: book.translate.xml:21115 msgid "" "rc8 scripts for installed applications." @@ -30885,12 +31097,12 @@ "refentrytitle>8 Script。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21003 +#: book.translate.xml:21120 msgid "/var/db" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21004 +#: book.translate.xml:21121 msgid "" "Automatically generated system-specific database files, such as the package " "database and the locate 資料庫。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21014 +#: book.translate.xml:21131 msgid "Hostnames" msgstr "主機名稱" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21016 +#: book.translate.xml:21133 msgid "hostname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21017 book.translate.xml:49347 book.translate.xml:50449 -#: book.translate.xml:51335 book.translate.xml:55180 +#: book.translate.xml:21134 book.translate.xml:49464 book.translate.xml:50566 +#: book.translate.xml:51452 book.translate.xml:55297 msgid "DNS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21020 +#: book.translate.xml:21137 msgid "/etc/resolv.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21022 +#: book.translate.xml:21139 msgid "resolv.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21026 +#: book.translate.xml:21143 msgid "" "How a FreeBSD system accesses the Internet Domain Name System (DNS) is controlled by resolv.conf5 來控制。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21030 +#: book.translate.xml:21147 msgid "The most common entries to /etc/resolv.conf are:" msgstr "/etc/resolv.conf 中最常用的項目為：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21040 +#: book.translate.xml:21157 msgid "nameserver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21041 +#: book.translate.xml:21158 msgid "" "The IP address of a name server the resolver should " "query. The servers are queried in the order listed with a maximum of three." @@ -30958,12 +31170,12 @@ "會依所列的順序來查詢，最多可以有三個。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21048 +#: book.translate.xml:21165 msgid "search" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21049 +#: book.translate.xml:21166 msgid "" "Search list for hostname lookup. This is normally determined by the domain " "of the local hostname." @@ -30970,22 +31182,22 @@ msgstr "主機名稱查詢使用的搜尋清單。這通常會使用本機主機名稱所在的網域。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21055 +#: book.translate.xml:21172 msgid "domain" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21056 +#: book.translate.xml:21173 msgid "The local domain name." msgstr "本地網域名稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21062 +#: book.translate.xml:21179 msgid "A typical /etc/resolv.conf looks like this:" msgstr "典型的 /etc/resolv.conf 會如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21065 +#: book.translate.xml:21182 #, no-wrap msgid "" "search example.com\n" @@ -30994,7 +31206,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:21070 +#: book.translate.xml:21187 msgid "" "Only one of the search and domain " "options should be used." @@ -31002,7 +31214,7 @@ "search 與 domain 選項應擇一使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21074 +#: book.translate.xml:21191 msgid "" "When using DHCP, dhclient8 usually rewrites " @@ -31015,17 +31227,17 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21081 +#: book.translate.xml:21198 msgid "/etc/hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21083 +#: book.translate.xml:21200 msgid "hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21085 +#: book.translate.xml:21202 msgid "" "/etc/hosts is a simple text database which works in " "conjunction with DNS and NIS to " @@ -31046,7 +31258,7 @@ "用名稱向外部 DNS 伺服器查詢的需求。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21098 +#: book.translate.xml:21215 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# $FreeBSD$\n" @@ -31084,29 +31296,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21131 +#: book.translate.xml:21248 msgid "The format of /etc/hosts is as follows:" msgstr "/etc/hosts 的格式如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21134 +#: book.translate.xml:21251 #, no-wrap msgid "[Internet address] [official hostname] [alias1] [alias2] ..." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21136 +#: book.translate.xml:21253 msgid "For example:" msgstr "例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21138 +#: book.translate.xml:21255 #, no-wrap msgid "10.0.0.1 myRealHostname.example.com myRealHostname foobar1 foobar2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21140 +#: book.translate.xml:21257 msgid "" "Consult hosts5 for more information." @@ -31115,7 +31327,7 @@ "manvolnum> 取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:21146 +#: book.translate.xml:21263 msgid "" "Tuning with sysctl8" @@ -31125,17 +31337,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21148 book.translate.xml:21193 +#: book.translate.xml:21265 book.translate.xml:21310 msgid "sysctl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21149 +#: book.translate.xml:21266 msgid "tuning with sysctl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21154 +#: book.translate.xml:21271 msgid "" "sysctl8 is used to make changes to a running FreeBSD system. This " @@ -31152,7 +31364,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8 來讀取與設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21161 +#: book.translate.xml:21278 msgid "" "At its core, sysctl8 serves two functions: " @@ -31162,23 +31374,23 @@ "citerefentry> 主要提供兩個功能：讀取與修改系統設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21164 +#: book.translate.xml:21281 msgid "To view all readable variables:" msgstr "檢視所有可讀取的變數：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21166 +#: book.translate.xml:21283 #, no-wrap msgid "% sysctl -a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21168 +#: book.translate.xml:21285 msgid "To read a particular variable, specify its name:" msgstr "要讀取特定變數只要指定其名稱：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21170 +#: book.translate.xml:21287 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% sysctl kern.maxproc\n" @@ -31186,7 +31398,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21173 +#: book.translate.xml:21290 msgid "" "To set a particular variable, use the variable=value syntax:" @@ -31195,7 +31407,7 @@ "replaceable> 語法：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21177 +#: book.translate.xml:21294 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000\n" @@ -31203,7 +31415,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21180 +#: book.translate.xml:21297 msgid "" "Settings of sysctl variables are usually either strings, numbers, or " "booleans, where a boolean is 1 for yes or 00 代表否。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21184 +#: book.translate.xml:21301 msgid "" "To automatically set some variables each time the machine boots, add them to " "/etc/sysctl.conf. For more information, refer to " @@ -31226,17 +31438,17 @@ "\"configtuning-sysctlconf\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21190 +#: book.translate.xml:21307 msgid "sysctl.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21192 +#: book.translate.xml:21309 msgid "sysctl.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21195 +#: book.translate.xml:21312 msgid "" "The configuration file for sysctl8, /etc/sysctl." @@ -31252,7 +31464,7 @@ "此模式設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21202 +#: book.translate.xml:21319 msgid "" "For example, to turn off logging of fatal signal exits and prevent users " "from seeing processes started by other users, the following tunables can be " @@ -31262,7 +31474,7 @@ "行的程序，可加入以下設定到 /etc/sysctl.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21207 +#: book.translate.xml:21324 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Do not log fatal signal exits (e.g., sig 11)\n" @@ -31274,7 +31486,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:21217 +#: book.translate.xml:21334 msgid "" "sysctl8 Read-only" @@ -31283,7 +31495,7 @@ "manvolnum>" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21230 +#: book.translate.xml:21347 msgid "" "In some cases it may be desirable to modify read-only " "sysctl8cardbus4sysctl84 應可正常運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:21250 +#: book.translate.xml:21367 msgid "Tuning Disks" msgstr "調校磁碟" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21252 +#: book.translate.xml:21369 msgid "" "The following section will discuss various tuning mechanisms and options " "which may be applied to disk devices. In many cases, disks with mechanical " @@ -31349,24 +31561,31 @@ "will allow the user to obtain valuable information on system IO." msgstr "" +"接下來的章節會討論在磁碟裝置上各種可調校的機制與選項。在大多數案例中，有使用" +"機械元件的硬碟，如 SCSI 磁碟機，會成為導致整體系統效能低下" +"的瓶頸。雖然已經有不使用機械元件的磁碟機解決方案，如，固態硬碟，但使用機械元" +"件的磁碟機短期內並不會消失。在調校磁碟時，建議可以利用 " +"iostat8 指令的功能來測試各種對系統的變更，這個指令可讓使用者取得系統 " +"IO 相關的有用資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21266 +#: book.translate.xml:21383 msgid "Sysctl Variables" msgstr "Sysctl 變數" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21269 +#: book.translate.xml:21386 msgid "vfs.vmiodirenable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21271 +#: book.translate.xml:21388 msgid "vfs.vmiodirenable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21275 +#: book.translate.xml:21392 msgid "" "The vfs.vmiodirenable " "sysctl8vfs.write_behind" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21303 +#: book.translate.xml:21420 msgid "vfs.write_behind" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21307 +#: book.translate.xml:21424 msgid "" "The vfs.write_behind sysctl8 variable defaults to " @@ -31412,17 +31631,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21319 +#: book.translate.xml:21436 msgid "vfs.hirunningspace" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21321 +#: book.translate.xml:21438 msgid "vfs.hirunningspace" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21325 +#: book.translate.xml:21442 msgid "" "The vfs.hirunningspace " "sysctl8VM page cache " "related sysctl8vm.swap_idle_enabled" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21346 +#: book.translate.xml:21463 msgid "vm.swap_idle_enabled" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21350 +#: book.translate.xml:21467 msgid "" "The vm.swap_idle_enabled " "sysctl8hw.ata.wc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21373 +#: book.translate.xml:21490 msgid "hw.ata.wc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21377 +#: book.translate.xml:21494 msgid "" "Turning off IDE write caching reduces write bandwidth to " "IDE disks, but may sometimes be necessary due to data " @@ -31504,7 +31723,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21395 +#: book.translate.xml:21512 msgid "" "For more information, refer to ata4." @@ -31511,17 +31730,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21399 +#: book.translate.xml:21516 msgid "SCSI_DELAY (kern.cam.scsi_delay)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21402 +#: book.translate.xml:21519 msgid "kern.cam.scsi_delay" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21406 +#: book.translate.xml:21523 msgid "" "kernel options SCSI DELAY" @@ -31530,7 +31749,7 @@ "secondary>" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21411 +#: book.translate.xml:21528 msgid "" "The SCSI_DELAY kernel configuration option may be used to " "reduce system boot times. The defaults are fairly high and can be " @@ -31543,17 +31762,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21427 +#: book.translate.xml:21544 msgid "Soft Updates" msgstr "軟更新" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21429 +#: book.translate.xml:21546 msgid "Soft Updates" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21430 +#: book.translate.xml:21547 msgid "" "tunefs8" @@ -31560,7 +31779,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21432 +#: book.translate.xml:21549 msgid "" "To fine-tune a file system, use tunefs8. This program has many " @@ -31568,7 +31787,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21436 +#: book.translate.xml:21553 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# tunefs -n enable /filesystem\n" @@ -31576,7 +31795,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21439 +#: book.translate.xml:21556 msgid "" "A file system cannot be modified with tunefs8 while it is mounted. A " @@ -31585,7 +31804,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21443 +#: book.translate.xml:21560 msgid "" "Soft Updates is recommended for UFS file systems as it " "drastically improves meta-data performance, mainly file creation and " @@ -31600,17 +31819,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21457 +#: book.translate.xml:21574 msgid "More Details About Soft Updates" msgstr "有關軟更新的更多詳細資訊" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21459 +#: book.translate.xml:21576 msgid "Soft Updates details" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21464 +#: book.translate.xml:21581 msgid "" "Meta-data updates are updates to non-content data like inodes or " "directories. There are two traditional approaches to writing a file system's " @@ -31618,7 +31837,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21468 +#: book.translate.xml:21585 msgid "" "Historically, the default behavior was to write out meta-data updates " "synchronously. If a directory changed, the system waited until the change " @@ -31641,7 +31860,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21491 +#: book.translate.xml:21608 msgid "" "The second approach is to use asynchronous meta-data updates. This is the " "default for a UFS file system mounted with mount " @@ -31667,7 +31886,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21518 +#: book.translate.xml:21635 msgid "" "The usual solution for this problem is to implement dirty region " "logging, which is also referred to as journalingFFS, solved this " "problem with Soft Updates. All pending meta-data updates are kept in memory " @@ -31726,7 +31945,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21575 +#: book.translate.xml:21692 msgid "" "The advantage is that meta-data operations are nearly as fast as " "asynchronous updates and are faster than logging, which " @@ -31746,32 +31965,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:21597 +#: book.translate.xml:21714 msgid "Tuning Kernel Limits" msgstr "調校核心限制" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21599 +#: book.translate.xml:21716 msgid "tuning kernel limits" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21605 +#: book.translate.xml:21722 msgid "File/Process Limits" msgstr "檔案/程序限制" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21608 +#: book.translate.xml:21725 msgid "kern.maxfiles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21610 +#: book.translate.xml:21727 msgid "kern.maxfiles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21614 +#: book.translate.xml:21731 msgid "" "The kern.maxfiles sysctl8 variable can be raised " @@ -31784,7 +32003,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21622 +#: book.translate.xml:21739 msgid "" "Each open file, socket, or fifo uses one file descriptor. A large-scale " "production server may easily require many thousands of file descriptors, " @@ -31792,7 +32011,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21627 +#: book.translate.xml:21744 msgid "" "In older FreeBSD releases, the default value of kern.maxfiles is derived from in the kernel " @@ -31805,7 +32024,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21639 +#: book.translate.xml:21756 msgid "" "The read-only sysctl8 variable kern." @@ -31824,7 +32043,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: footnote/para -#: book.translate.xml:21661 +#: book.translate.xml:21778 msgid "" "The auto-tuning algorithm sets maxusers equal to the " "amount of memory in the system, with a minimum of 32, and " @@ -31832,7 +32051,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21658 +#: book.translate.xml:21775 msgid "" "In older releases, the system will auto-tune maxusers if " "it is set to 0. <_:footnote-1/>. When setting this " @@ -31855,7 +32074,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:21690 +#: book.translate.xml:21807 msgid "" "maxusers does not limit the number " "of users which can log into the machine. It instead sets various table sizes " @@ -31864,17 +32083,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21700 +#: book.translate.xml:21817 msgid "kern.ipc.soacceptqueue" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21702 +#: book.translate.xml:21819 msgid "kern.ipc.soacceptqueue" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21706 +#: book.translate.xml:21823 msgid "" "The kern.ipc.soacceptqueue " "sysctl8NMBCLUSTERS kernel configuration option dictates the " "amount of network Mbufs available to the system. A heavily-trafficked server " @@ -31918,7 +32137,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21749 +#: book.translate.xml:21866 msgid "" "The kern.ipc.nmbclusters loader tunable should be used to " "tune this at boot time. Only older versions of FreeBSD will require the use " @@ -31928,7 +32147,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21755 +#: book.translate.xml:21872 msgid "" "For busy servers that make extensive use of the " "sendfile2sendfile2net.inet.ip.portrange.*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21779 +#: book.translate.xml:21896 msgid "net.inet.ip.portrange.*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21783 +#: book.translate.xml:21900 msgid "" "The net.inet.ip.portrange.* " "sysctl8TCP Bandwidth Delay Product" msgstr "TCP 頻寬延遲乘積" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21816 +#: book.translate.xml:21933 msgid "" "TCP Bandwidth Delay Product Limiting " "net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable" @@ -32007,7 +32226,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21822 +#: book.translate.xml:21939 msgid "" "TCP bandwidth delay product limiting can be enabled by " "setting the net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable " @@ -32019,7 +32238,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21831 +#: book.translate.xml:21948 msgid "" "This feature is useful when serving data over modems, Gigabit Ethernet, high " "speed WAN links, or any other link with a high bandwidth " @@ -32039,7 +32258,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21851 +#: book.translate.xml:21968 msgid "" "Adjusting net.inet.tcp.inflight.stab is not recommended. This parameter defaults to 20, " @@ -32056,17 +32275,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21870 +#: book.translate.xml:21987 msgid "Virtual Memory" msgstr "虛擬記憶體" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21873 +#: book.translate.xml:21990 msgid "kern.maxvnodes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21875 +#: book.translate.xml:21992 msgid "" "A vnode is the internal representation of a file or directory. Increasing " "the number of vnodes available to the operating system reduces disk I/O. " @@ -32077,12 +32296,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21885 +#: book.translate.xml:22002 msgid "To see the current number of vnodes in use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21887 +#: book.translate.xml:22004 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl vfs.numvnodes\n" @@ -32090,12 +32309,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21890 +#: book.translate.xml:22007 msgid "To see the maximum vnodes:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21892 +#: book.translate.xml:22009 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl kern.maxvnodes\n" @@ -32103,7 +32322,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21895 +#: book.translate.xml:22012 msgid "" "If the current vnode usage is near the maximum, try increasing kern." "maxvnodes by a value of 1000. Keep an eye on " @@ -32115,12 +32334,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:21908 +#: book.translate.xml:22025 msgid "Adding Swap Space" msgstr "增加交換空間" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21910 +#: book.translate.xml:22027 msgid "" "Sometimes a system requires more swap space. This section describes two " "methods to increase swap space: adding swap to an existing partition or new " @@ -32131,7 +32350,7 @@ "交換檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21915 +#: book.translate.xml:22032 msgid "" "For information on how to encrypt swap space, which options exist, and why " "it should be done, refer to ." @@ -32140,12 +32359,12 @@ "考 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21919 +#: book.translate.xml:22036 msgid "Swap on a New Hard Drive or Existing Partition" msgstr "使用新硬碟或既有分割區增加交換空間" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21921 +#: book.translate.xml:22038 msgid "" "Adding a new hard drive for swap gives better performance than using a " "partition on an existing drive. Setting up partitions and hard drives is " @@ -32158,7 +32377,7 @@ "\"configtuning-initial\"/> 會討論到分割區的配置與交換分割區大小需考量的事項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21926 +#: book.translate.xml:22043 msgid "" "Use swapon to add a swap partition to the system. For " "example:" @@ -32165,13 +32384,13 @@ msgstr "使用 swapon 來增加交換分割區到系統，例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21929 +#: book.translate.xml:22046 #, no-wrap msgid "# swapon /dev/ada1s1b" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:21932 +#: book.translate.xml:22049 msgid "" "It is possible to use any partition not currently mounted, even if it " "already contains data. Using swapon on a partition that " @@ -32184,7 +32403,7 @@ "在執行 swapon 之前確認真的要使用該分割區增加交換空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21940 +#: book.translate.xml:22057 msgid "" "To automatically add this swap partition on boot, add an entry to /" "etc/fstab:" @@ -32193,13 +32412,13 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21943 +#: book.translate.xml:22060 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/ada1s1b\tnone\tswap\tsw\t0\t0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21945 +#: book.translate.xml:22062 msgid "" "See fstab5 for an explanation of the entries in /" @@ -32214,12 +32433,12 @@ "citerefentry> 找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21952 +#: book.translate.xml:22069 msgid "Creating a Swap File" msgstr "建立交換檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21954 +#: book.translate.xml:22071 msgid "" "These examples create a 64M swap file called /usr/swap0 " "instead of using a partition." @@ -32228,7 +32447,7 @@ "分割區建立交換空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21958 +#: book.translate.xml:22075 msgid "" "Using swap files requires that the module needed by " "md4X and Later" msgstr "建立交換檔於 FreeBSD 10.X 及以後版本" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21970 +#: book.translate.xml:22087 msgid "Create the swap file:" msgstr "建立交換檔：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21972 book.translate.xml:22010 +#: book.translate.xml:22089 book.translate.xml:22127 #, no-wrap msgid "# dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1m count=64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21976 +#: book.translate.xml:22093 msgid "Set the proper permissions on the new file:" msgstr "在新檔案設定適當的權限：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21978 book.translate.xml:22017 +#: book.translate.xml:22095 book.translate.xml:22134 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 0600 /usr/swap0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21982 +#: book.translate.xml:22099 msgid "" "Inform the system about the swap file by adding a line to /etc/" "fstab:" @@ -32277,13 +32496,13 @@ msgstr "加入行到 /etc/fstab 以讓系統知道交換檔的資訊：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21985 +#: book.translate.xml:22102 #, no-wrap msgid "md99\tnone\tswap\tsw,file=/usr/swap0,late\t0\t0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21987 +#: book.translate.xml:22104 msgid "" "The md4 device md99 is used, leaving lower device " @@ -32294,7 +32513,7 @@ "號供互動操作時使用。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21993 +#: book.translate.xml:22110 msgid "" "Swap space will be added on system startup. To add swap space immediately, " "use swapon8：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21996 +#: book.translate.xml:22113 #, no-wrap msgid "# swapon -aL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:22002 +#: book.translate.xml:22119 msgid "" "Creating a Swap File on FreeBSD 9.X and Earlier" msgstr "建立交換檔於 FreeBSD 9.X 及先前版本" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:22007 +#: book.translate.xml:22124 msgid "Create the swap file, /usr/swap0:" msgstr "建立交換檔 /usr/swap0：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:22014 +#: book.translate.xml:22131 msgid "Set the proper permissions on /usr/swap0:" msgstr "設定適當的權限於 /usr/swap0：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:22021 +#: book.translate.xml:22138 msgid "Enable the swap file in /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟交換檔：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:22024 +#: book.translate.xml:22141 #, no-wrap msgid "swapfile=\"/usr/swap0\" # Set to name of swap file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:22028 +#: book.translate.xml:22145 msgid "" "Swap space will be added on system startup. To enable the swap file " "immediately, specify a free memory device. Refer to 取得更多有關記憶體裝置的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22033 +#: book.translate.xml:22150 #, no-wrap msgid "# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /usr/swap0 -u 0 && swapon /dev/md0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:22042 +#: book.translate.xml:22159 msgid "Power and Resource Management" msgstr "電源與資源管理" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:22045 +#: book.translate.xml:22162 msgid "" " Hiten Pandya Written by " @@ -32366,7 +32585,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:22053 book.translate.xml:22533 +#: book.translate.xml:22170 book.translate.xml:22650 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes " @@ -32373,7 +32592,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22062 +#: book.translate.xml:22179 msgid "" "It is important to utilize hardware resources in an efficient manner. Power " "and resource management allows the operating system to monitor system limits " @@ -32390,9 +32609,18 @@ "mediates access to the APM Software Interface, which " "allows management of power levels." msgstr "" +"以有效率的方式運用硬體資源是很重要的，電源與資源管理讓作業系統可以監控系統的" +"限制，並且在系統溫度意外升高時能夠發出警報。早期提供電源管理的規範是進階電源" +"管理 (Advanced Power Management, APM)，APM 可根據系統的使用狀況來來控制電源用量。然而，使用 APM 要作業系統來管理系統的電源用量和溫度屬性是困難且沒有彈性的，因為硬體" +"是由 BIOS 所管理，使用者對電源管理設定只有有限的設定性與可" +"見性，且 APM BIOS 是由供應商提供且特定" +"於某些硬體平台，而作業系統中必透過 APM 驅動程式做為中介存" +"取 APM 軟體介面才能夠管理電源等級。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22081 +#: book.translate.xml:22198 msgid "" "There are four major problems in APM. First, power " "management is done by the vendor-specific BIOS, separate " @@ -32412,9 +32640,21 @@ "implement a sophisticated power policy or one that can adapt well to the " "purpose of the machine." msgstr "" +"在 APM 有四個主要的問題。第一，電源管理是由供應商特定的 " +"BIOS 來完成，與作業系統是分開的。例如，使用者可在 " +"APM BIOS 設定硬碟的閒置時間值，在超過時" +"間時 BIOS 可在未徵得作業系統的同意下降低硬碟的轉速。第二，" +"APM 的邏輯是內嵌在 BIOS 當中的，並且在" +"作業系統範圍之外運作，這代表使用者只能夠透過燒錄新的韌體到 ROM 來修正 APM BIOS 中的問題，而這" +"樣的程序是危險的，若失敗，可能會讓系統進入無法復原的狀態。第三，" +"APM 是供應商特定的技術，這代表有許多重複的工作，在一個供應" +"商的 BIOS 找到的問題在其他的供應商卻沒有解決。最後一點，" +"APM BIOS 並沒有足夠的空間來實作複雜的電" +"源管理政策或可良好適應主機用途的程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22103 +#: book.translate.xml:22220 msgid "" "The Plug and Play BIOS (PNPBIOS) was " "unreliable in many situations. PNPBIOS is 16-bit " @@ -32425,19 +32665,25 @@ "documented in apm4." msgstr "" +"Plug and Play BIOS (PNPBIOS) 在很多情況" +"下並不可靠，PNPBIOS 是 16 位元的技術，所以作業系統必須模" +"擬 16 位元才能存取 PNPBIOS。FreeBSD 提供了一個 " +"APM 驅動程式來做 APM，應可用在 2000 年" +"之前所製造的系統，該驅動程式的說明於 apm4。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22113 +#: book.translate.xml:22230 msgid "ACPI" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22117 +#: book.translate.xml:22234 msgid "APM" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22121 +#: book.translate.xml:22238 msgid "" "The successor to APM is the Advanced Configuration and " "Power Interface (ACPI). ACPI is a " @@ -32447,9 +32693,14 @@ "emphasis> as it provides more control and flexibility to the operating " "system." msgstr "" +"APM 的後繼者是進階設置與電源介面 (Advanced Configuration " +"and Power Interface, ACPI)。ACPI 是一套" +"由供應商聯盟所搛寫出的標準，提供了硬體資源與電源管理的介面，它是 作" +"業系統直接設置與電源管理 (Operating System-directed configuration and Power " +"Management) 關鍵的要素，提供了作業系統更多的控制方式與彈性。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22130 +#: book.translate.xml:22247 msgid "" "This chapter demonstrates how to configure ACPI on " "FreeBSD. It then offers some tips on how to debug ACPI " @@ -32456,14 +32707,17 @@ "and how to submit a problem report containing debugging information so that " "developers can diagnosis and fix ACPI issues." msgstr "" +"本章節將示範如何在 FreeBSD 設定 ACPI，然後提供一些如何對 " +"ACPI 除錯的提示以及如何提交包含除錯資訊的問題回報，讓開發" +"人員能夠診斷並修正 ACPI 的問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22137 +#: book.translate.xml:22254 msgid "Configuring ACPI" msgstr "設定 ACPI" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22139 +#: book.translate.xml:22256 msgid "" "In FreeBSD the acpi4 driver is loaded by " @@ -32475,17 +32729,26 @@ "/boot/loader.conf or by setting this variable at the " "loader prompt, as described in ." msgstr "" +"在 FreeBSD acpi4 驅動程式預設會在系統開始時載入，且不應被編譯到核心當中。這個驅動程式在開機之後無法被卸載，因為系統匯流排" +"會使用它做各種硬體互動。雖然如此，若系統遇到問題，ACPI 還" +"是可以被關閉，在 /boot/loader.conf 中設定 hint." +"acpi.0.disabled=\"1\" 之後重新開機或在載入程式提示時設定這個變數，" +"如 中的說明。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:22151 +#: book.translate.xml:22268 msgid "" "ACPI and APM cannot coexist and should " "be used separately. The last one to load will terminate if the driver " "notices the other is running." msgstr "" +"ACPI 與 APM 不能同時存在且應分開使用，" +"若有偵測到有另一個正在執行，要載入的後者將會中斷。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22157 +#: book.translate.xml:22274 msgid "" "ACPI can be used to put the system into a sleep mode with " "acpiconf, the flag, and a number from " @@ -32495,9 +32758,15 @@ "literal> performs a soft-off which is the same as running halt -p." msgstr "" +"ACPI 可以用來讓系統進入睡眠模式，使用 acpiconf 與 旗標再加上由 1 到 " +"5 的數字。大多數使用者只需使用 1 (快速" +"待命到 RAM) 或 3 (待命到 RAM)，選項 5 會執行軟關機 (Soft-off)，如同執行 " +"halt -p 一樣。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22167 +#: book.translate.xml:22284 msgid "" "Other options are available using sysctl. Refer to " "acpi4 and acpiconf8 for more information." msgstr "" +"其他的選項可使用 sysctl 來設定，請參考 " +"acpi4 以及 acpiconf8 以取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22173 +#: book.translate.xml:22290 msgid "Common Problems" msgstr "常見問題" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22175 +#: book.translate.xml:22292 msgid "ACPI" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22179 +#: book.translate.xml:22296 msgid "" "ACPI is present in all modern computers that conform to " "the ia32 (x86), ia64 (Itanium), and amd64 (AMD) " @@ -32530,7 +32803,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22191 +#: book.translate.xml:22308 msgid "" "An ACPI-compliant system has various components. The " "BIOS and chipset vendors provide various fixed tables, " @@ -32542,7 +32815,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22201 +#: book.translate.xml:22318 msgid "" "The ACPI driver must parse the fixed tables, implement an " "interpreter for the bytecode, and modify device drivers and the kernel to " @@ -32558,12 +32831,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22214 book.translate.xml:22542 book.translate.xml:22597 +#: book.translate.xml:22331 book.translate.xml:22659 book.translate.xml:22714 msgid "ACPI problems" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22219 +#: book.translate.xml:22336 msgid "" "For ACPI to work correctly, all the parts have to work " "correctly. Here are some common problems, in order of frequency of " @@ -32573,12 +32846,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22227 +#: book.translate.xml:22344 msgid "Mouse Issues" msgstr "滑鼠問題" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22229 +#: book.translate.xml:22346 msgid "" "In some cases, resuming from a suspend operation will cause the mouse to " "fail. A known work around is to add hint.psm.0.flags=\"0x3000\"ACPI has three suspend to RAM " "(STR) states, S1-S3sysctl hw.acpi to check for the suspend-related " "items. These example results are from a Thinkpad:" @@ -32612,7 +32885,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22255 +#: book.translate.xml:22372 #, no-wrap msgid "" "hw.acpi.supported_sleep_state: S3 S4 S5\n" @@ -32620,7 +32893,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22258 +#: book.translate.xml:22375 msgid "" "Use acpiconf -s to test S3, " "S4, and S5. An " @@ -32629,7 +32902,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22265 +#: book.translate.xml:22382 msgid "" "When testing suspend/resume, start with S1, if supported. " "This state is most likely to work since it does not require much driver " @@ -32640,7 +32913,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22274 +#: book.translate.xml:22391 msgid "" "A common problem with suspend/resume is that many device drivers do not " "save, restore, or reinitialize their firmware, registers, or device memory " @@ -32648,7 +32921,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22279 +#: book.translate.xml:22396 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl debug.bootverbose=1\n" @@ -32657,7 +32930,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22283 +#: book.translate.xml:22400 msgid "" "This test emulates the suspend/resume cycle of all device drivers without " "actually going into S3 state. In some cases, problems " @@ -32669,7 +32942,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22293 +#: book.translate.xml:22410 msgid "" "Harder cases require additional hardware, such as a serial port and cable " "for debugging through a serial console, a Firewire port and cable for using " @@ -32678,7 +32951,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22298 +#: book.translate.xml:22415 msgid "" "To help isolate the problem, unload as many drivers as possible. If it " "works, narrow down which driver is the problem by loading drivers until it " @@ -32693,7 +32966,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22314 +#: book.translate.xml:22431 msgid "" "Try loading a recent Linux " "distribution to see if suspend/resume works on the same hardware. If it " @@ -32710,7 +32983,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22326 +#: book.translate.xml:22443 msgid "" "Finally, try disabling ACPI and enabling APM instead. If suspend/resume works with APM, stick " @@ -32721,12 +32994,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22337 +#: book.translate.xml:22454 msgid "System Hangs" msgstr "系統無回應" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22339 +#: book.translate.xml:22456 msgid "" "Most system hangs are a result of lost interrupts or an interrupt storm. " "Chipsets may have problems based on boot, how the BIOS " @@ -32736,12 +33009,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22346 +#: book.translate.xml:22463 msgid "interrupt storms" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22350 +#: book.translate.xml:22467 msgid "" "Interrupt storms can be distinguished from lost interrupts by checking the " "output of vmstat -i and looking at the line that has " @@ -32753,12 +33026,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22363 +#: book.translate.xml:22480 msgid "APIC disabling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22368 +#: book.translate.xml:22485 msgid "" "When dealing with interrupt problems, try disabling APIC " "support with hint.apic.0.disabled=\"1\" in /" @@ -32766,12 +33039,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22375 +#: book.translate.xml:22492 msgid "Panics" msgstr "當機" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22377 +#: book.translate.xml:22494 msgid "" "Panics are relatively rare for ACPI and are the top " "priority to be fixed. The first step is to isolate the steps to reproduce " @@ -32784,7 +33057,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22388 +#: book.translate.xml:22505 msgid "" "Then, try to isolate the problem by booting with ACPI " "disabled. If that works, isolate the ACPI subsystem by " @@ -32794,12 +33067,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22396 +#: book.translate.xml:22513 msgid "System Powers Up After Suspend or Shutdown" msgstr "系統在待機或關機後仍開機" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22398 +#: book.translate.xml:22515 msgid "" "First, try setting hw.acpi.disable_on_poweroff=\"0\" in " "/boot/loader.conf. This keeps ACPI " @@ -32810,13 +33083,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22409 +#: book.translate.xml:22526 msgid "BIOS Contains Buggy Bytecode" msgstr "BIOS 含有有問題的 Bytecode" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22411 book.translate.xml:22442 +#: book.translate.xml:22528 book.translate.xml:22559 msgid "" "ACPI ASL" @@ -32823,7 +33096,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22416 +#: book.translate.xml:22533 msgid "" "Some BIOS vendors provide incorrect or buggy bytecode. " "This is usually manifested by kernel console messages like this:" @@ -32830,7 +33103,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22420 +#: book.translate.xml:22537 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ACPI-1287: *** Error: Method execution failed [\\\\_SB_.PCI0.LPC0.FIGD._STA] \\\\\n" @@ -32838,7 +33111,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22423 +#: book.translate.xml:22540 msgid "" "Often, these problems may be resolved by updating the BIOS to the latest revision. Most console messages are harmless, but if " @@ -32847,12 +33120,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22433 +#: book.translate.xml:22550 msgid "Overriding the Default AML" msgstr "覆蓋預設的 AML" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22435 +#: book.translate.xml:22552 msgid "" "The BIOS bytecode, known as ACPI " "Machine Language (AML), is compiled from a source " @@ -32862,7 +33135,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22447 +#: book.translate.xml:22564 msgid "" "The goal of FreeBSD is for everyone to have working ACPI " "without any user intervention. Workarounds are still being developed for " @@ -32879,7 +33152,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22462 +#: book.translate.xml:22579 msgid "" "To help identify buggy behavior and possibly fix it manually, a copy can be " "made of the system's ASL. To copy the system's " @@ -32889,13 +33162,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22470 +#: book.translate.xml:22587 #, no-wrap msgid "# acpidump -td > my.asl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22472 +#: book.translate.xml:22589 msgid "" "Some AML versions assume the user is running Windows. To override this, set hw." @@ -32906,7 +33179,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22479 +#: book.translate.xml:22596 msgid "" "Other workarounds may require my.asl to be customized. " "If this file is edited, compile the new ASL using the " @@ -32915,13 +33188,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22485 +#: book.translate.xml:22602 #, no-wrap msgid "# iasl -f my.asl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22487 +#: book.translate.xml:22604 msgid "" "Including forces creation of the AML, " "even if there are errors during compilation. Some errors, such as missing " @@ -32930,7 +33203,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22493 +#: book.translate.xml:22610 msgid "" "The default output filename for iasl is DSDT." "aml. Load this file instead of the BIOS's " @@ -32939,7 +33212,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:22499 +#: book.translate.xml:22616 #, no-wrap msgid "" "acpi_dsdt_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -32947,7 +33220,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22502 +#: book.translate.xml:22619 msgid "" "Be sure to copy DSDT.aml to /boot, " "then reboot the system. If this fixes the problem, send a " @@ -32959,12 +33232,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:22512 +#: book.translate.xml:22629 msgid "Getting and Submitting Debugging Info" msgstr "取得與回報除錯資訊" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:22515 +#: book.translate.xml:22632 msgid "" " Nate Lawson Written by " @@ -32971,7 +33244,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:22525 +#: book.translate.xml:22642 msgid "" " Peter Schultz With contributions from " @@ -32978,12 +33251,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22547 +#: book.translate.xml:22664 msgid "ACPI debugging" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22552 +#: book.translate.xml:22669 msgid "" "The ACPI driver has a flexible debugging facility. A set " "of subsystems and the level of verbosity can be specified. The subsystems to " @@ -33001,7 +33274,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22568 +#: book.translate.xml:22685 msgid "" "Debugging output is not enabled by default. To enable it, add " "options ACPI_DEBUG to the custom kernel configuration " @@ -33012,13 +33285,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22576 +#: book.translate.xml:22693 #, no-wrap msgid "# cd /sys/modules/acpi/acpi && make clean && make ACPI_DEBUG=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22578 +#: book.translate.xml:22695 msgid "" "Copy the compiled acpi.ko to /boot/kernel and add the desired level and layer to /boot/loader." @@ -33028,7 +33301,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:22585 +#: book.translate.xml:22702 #, no-wrap msgid "" "debug.acpi.layer=\"ACPI_ALL_COMPONENTS ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS\"\n" @@ -33036,7 +33309,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22588 +#: book.translate.xml:22705 msgid "" "If the required information is triggered by a specific event, such as a " "suspend and then resume, do not modify /boot/loader.conffreebsd-" @@ -33057,7 +33330,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:22608 +#: book.translate.xml:22725 msgid "" "Before submitting debugging information to this mailing list, ensure the " "latest BIOS version is installed and, if available, the " @@ -33065,12 +33338,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22614 +#: book.translate.xml:22731 msgid "When submitting a problem report, include the following information:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22619 +#: book.translate.xml:22736 msgid "" "Description of the buggy behavior, including system type, model, and " "anything that causes the bug to appear. Note as accurately as possible when " @@ -33078,7 +33351,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22626 +#: book.translate.xml:22743 msgid "" "The output of dmesg after running boot -v, including any error messages generated by the bug." @@ -33085,7 +33358,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22632 +#: book.translate.xml:22749 msgid "" "The dmesg output from boot -v with " "ACPI disabled, if disabling ACPI helps " @@ -33093,7 +33366,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22639 +#: book.translate.xml:22756 msgid "" "Output from sysctl hw.acpi. This lists which features the " "system offers." @@ -33100,7 +33373,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22644 +#: book.translate.xml:22761 msgid "" "The URL to a pasted version of the system's ASL. Do not send the ASL " @@ -33109,13 +33382,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22651 +#: book.translate.xml:22768 #, no-wrap msgid "# acpidump -dt > name-system.asl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22653 +#: book.translate.xml:22770 msgid "" "Substitute the login name for name and " "manufacturer/model for system. For example, use " @@ -33123,7 +33396,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22660 +#: book.translate.xml:22777 msgid "" "Most FreeBSD developers watch the FreeBSD-CURRENT mailing list, " @@ -33141,7 +33414,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22674 +#: book.translate.xml:22791 msgid "" "More information about ACPI may be found in the following " "locations:" @@ -33148,7 +33421,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22679 +#: book.translate.xml:22796 msgid "" "The FreeBSD ACPI Mailing List Archives (http://lists.freebsd." @@ -33156,7 +33429,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22684 +#: book.translate.xml:22801 msgid "" "The ACPI 2.0 Specification (http://acpi.info/spec.htm)" @@ -33163,7 +33436,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22688 +#: book.translate.xml:22805 msgid "" "acpi4, acpi_thermalbooting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22711 +#: book.translate.xml:22828 msgid "bootstrap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22713 +#: book.translate.xml:22830 msgid "" "The process of starting a computer and loading the operating system is " "referred to as the bootstrap process, or booting開機程序 (Bootstrap " -"process) 或開機 (booting)。FreeBSD 的開機程序提供大量的客製化" +"從開啟電腦到載入作業系統的這段流程稱為 開機程序 (Bootstrap " +"process) 或 開機 (Booting)。FreeBSD 的開機程序提供大量的客製化" "彈性，包含可選擇安裝在同電腦的其他的作業系統、不同版本的作業系統或不同核心的" "作業系統的功能。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22722 +#: book.translate.xml:22839 msgid "" "This chapter details the configuration options that can be set. It " "demonstrates how to customize the FreeBSD boot process, including everything " @@ -33222,17 +33495,17 @@ "citerefentry>。這些事會發生在開機訊息的文字顏色會從亮白變成灰色之間。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22729 +#: book.translate.xml:22846 msgid "After reading this chapter, you will recognize:" msgstr "在閱讀本章之後，您會了解：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22733 +#: book.translate.xml:22850 msgid "The components of the FreeBSD bootstrap system and how they interact." msgstr "FreeBSD 開機系統的元件以及它們如何互動。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22738 +#: book.translate.xml:22855 msgid "" "The options that can be passed to the components in the FreeBSD bootstrap in " "order to control the boot process." @@ -33239,17 +33512,17 @@ msgstr "FreeBSD 開機程式中各元件可使用的選項，用來控制開機程序。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22743 +#: book.translate.xml:22860 msgid "How to configure a customized boot splash screen." msgstr "如何設定自訂的開機啟動畫面 (Splash screen)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22747 +#: book.translate.xml:22864 msgid "The basics of setting device hints." msgstr "設定 Device Hints 的基礎。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22751 +#: book.translate.xml:22868 msgid "" "How to boot into single- and multi-user mode and how to properly shut down a " "FreeBSD system." @@ -33256,7 +33529,7 @@ msgstr "如何開機進入單人及多人模式以及如何正確關閉 FreeBSD 系統。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:22757 +#: book.translate.xml:22874 msgid "" "This chapter only describes the boot process for FreeBSD running on x86 and " "amd64 systems." @@ -33263,12 +33536,12 @@ msgstr "本章僅說明 FreeBSD 在 x86 及 amd64 系統上執行的開機流程。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:22763 +#: book.translate.xml:22880 msgid "FreeBSD Boot Process" msgstr "FreeBSD 開機程序" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22765 +#: book.translate.xml:22882 msgid "" "Turning on a computer and starting the operating system poses an interesting " "dilemma. By definition, the computer does not know how to do anything until " @@ -33277,9 +33550,13 @@ "operating system, and the operating system programs are on the disk, how is " "the operating system started?" msgstr "" +"打開電腦並啟動作業系統的這個動作呈現了一個有趣的困境。照道理，電腦在啟動作業" +"系統之前並不知道要如何做任何事情，這些事情之中包括從磁碟執行程式。如果電腦無" +"法在沒有作業系統的情況下執行程式，而作業系統的程式本身又在磁碟上，那麼作業系" +"統要如何啟動呢?" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22773 +#: book.translate.xml:22890 msgid "" "This problem parallels one in the book The Adventures of Baron " "Munchausen. A character had fallen part way down a manhole, and " @@ -33288,14 +33565,18 @@ "mechanism used to load the operating system. It has since become shortened " "to booting." msgstr "" +"這個問題如同 The Adventures of Baron Munchausen 一書中" +"的一個角色掉進了洞裡，他抓住了靴子上的拔靴帶 (Bootstrap) 才把自己拉了出來，因" +"此在早期電腦領域用 bootstrap 一詞來指載入作業系統的機" +"制，後來被縮短為 booting。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22781 +#: book.translate.xml:22898 msgid "BIOS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22783 +#: book.translate.xml:22900 msgid "" "Basic Input/Output SystemBIOS" @@ -33302,7 +33583,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22786 +#: book.translate.xml:22903 msgid "" "On x86 hardware, the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is " "responsible for loading the operating system. The BIOS " @@ -33313,9 +33594,15 @@ "the tasks involved in loading the operating system, possibly with the help " "of the BIOS." msgstr "" +"在 x86 硬體上，基本輸入/輸出系統 (Basic Input/Output System, BIOS) 負責載入作業系統。 BIOS 會找到硬碟上的主開機記錄" +"區 (Master Boot Record, MBR)，該記錄區必須位於磁碟上的特定" +"位置。BIOS 有足夠的知識可以載入並執行這個 MBR，並且假設這個 MBR 在 BIOS 的協" +"助下可以完成接下來載入作業系統的工作。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:22798 +#: book.translate.xml:22915 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides for booting from both the older MBR " "standard, and the newer GUID Partition Table (GPT). " @@ -33327,26 +33614,34 @@ "manvolnum>. Work is under way to provide direct " "UEFI booting." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 在較舊的 MBR 標準與較新的 GUID 分割區表 (GUID " +"Partition Table, GPT) 上都能夠開機 (Booting)。" +"GPT 磁碟分割通常會在有支援統一可延伸韌體介面 (Unified " +"Extensible Firmware Interface, UEFI) 的電腦上找到。不論如" +"何，FreeBSD 即使在只有傳統 BIOS 的機器上，也可以使用 " +"gptboot8 由 GPT 分割區開機。直接使用 " +"UEFI 開機的開發工作正在進行中。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22809 book.translate.xml:22865 +#: book.translate.xml:22926 book.translate.xml:22982 msgid "Master Boot Record (MBR)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22812 book.translate.xml:22863 +#: book.translate.xml:22929 book.translate.xml:22980 msgid "Boot Manager" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22814 +#: book.translate.xml:22931 msgid "Boot Loader" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22816 +#: book.translate.xml:22933 msgid "" "The code within the MBR is typically referred to as a " "boot manager, especially when it interacts with the " @@ -33357,9 +33652,15 @@ "which is used by many Linux " "distributions." msgstr "" +"在 MBR 中的程式通常會稱作開機管理程式 (Boot " +"manager)，特別是那些會與使用者互動的程式。開機管理程式通常會另一部" +"份的程式會存放於磁碟的第一個磁軌或檔案系統。開機管理程式的例子有標準 FreeBSD " +"開機管理程式 boot0 又稱 Boot Easy 以及 Grub 常用於各種 Linux 發行版。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22826 +#: book.translate.xml:22943 msgid "" "If only one operating system is installed, the MBR " "searches for the first bootable (active) slice on the disk, and then runs " @@ -33368,9 +33669,13 @@ "installed to display a list of operating systems so the user can select one " "to boot." msgstr "" +"若只有安裝一個作業系統，MBR 會搜尋磁碟上第一個可開機的 (使" +"用中) 切割區 (Slice)，然後執行在該切割區上的程式來載入剩下的作業系統。當有多" +"個作業系統存在時，可以安裝可顯示作業系統清單的開機管理程式，以讓使用者可以選" +"擇要啟動的作業系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22834 +#: book.translate.xml:22951 msgid "" "The remainder of the FreeBSD bootstrap system is divided into three stages. " "The first stage knows just enough to get the computer into a specific state " @@ -33381,15 +33686,20 @@ "run at stages one and two. Chaining the tasks together allows FreeBSD to " "provide a more flexible loader." msgstr "" +"剩餘的 FreeBSD 開機系統分成三個階段，第一個階段只知道如何讓電腦進入特定狀態並" +"執行第二階段，第二個階段在執行第三階段之前會做的事比較多一點，第三個階段會完" +"成載入作業系統的工作。把工作分成三個階段的原因是 MBR 有限" +"制在階段一與階段二能夠執行程式的大小。將這些工作連結在一起讓 FreeBSD 能夠提供" +"更有彈性的載入程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22845 +#: book.translate.xml:22962 msgid "kernel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22846 book.translate.xml:23172 +#: book.translate.xml:22963 book.translate.xml:23289 msgid "" "init8" @@ -33396,7 +33706,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22848 +#: book.translate.xml:22965 msgid "" "The kernel is then started and begins to probe for devices and initialize " "them for use. Once the kernel boot process is finished, the kernel passes " @@ -33407,29 +33717,37 @@ "network, and starts the processes which have been configured to run at " "startup." msgstr "" +"核心會接著開始偵測裝置並初始化這些裝置供使用。核心開機程序完成之後，核心便會" +"傳送控制權給使用者程序 init8，這個程序會確保磁碟在可" +"以使用的狀態，然後啟動使用者層級的資源設置來掛載檔案系統、設定網路卡以能夠連" +"線網路、啟動那些被設定在開機時要啟動的程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22857 +#: book.translate.xml:22974 msgid "" "This section describes these stages in more detail and demonstrates how to " "interact with the FreeBSD boot process." -msgstr "" +msgstr "本章節將更詳細介紹這些階段並示範如何與 FreeBSD 開機程序互動。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22861 +#: book.translate.xml:22978 msgid "The Boot Manager" msgstr "開機管理程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22868 +#: book.translate.xml:22985 msgid "" "The boot manager code in the MBR is sometimes referred to " "as stage zero of the boot process. By default, FreeBSD " "uses the boot0 boot manager." msgstr "" +"有時會稱在 MBR 中的開機管理程式為開機程序的 第零" +"階段 (Stage zero)，FreeBSD 預設會使用 boot0 開機管理程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22873 +#: book.translate.xml:22990 msgid "" "The MBR installed by the FreeBSD installer is based on " "/boot/boot0. The size and capability of " @@ -33439,14 +33757,19 @@ "operating systems are installed, a message similar to this example will be " "displayed at boot time:" msgstr "" +"由 FreeBSD 安裝程式所安裝的 MBR 便是以 /boot/" +"boot0 為基礎。boot0 的大小與容量被限制" +"在 446 個位元組是由於切割表與 0x55AA 識別碼位於 " +"MBR 的最末端。若安裝多個作業系統使用 boot0 ，則會在開機時顯示如下範例的訊息：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:22883 +#: book.translate.xml:23000 msgid "boot0 Screenshot" msgstr "boot0 螢幕截圖" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22885 +#: book.translate.xml:23002 #, no-wrap msgid "" "F1 Win\n" @@ -33456,7 +33779,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22891 +#: book.translate.xml:23008 msgid "" "Other operating systems will overwrite an existing MBR if " "they are installed after FreeBSD. If this happens, or to replace the " @@ -33463,15 +33786,18 @@ "existing MBR with the FreeBSD MBR, use " "the following command:" msgstr "" +"其作他作業統若在 FreeBSD 之後才安裝則會覆蓋現有的 MBR，若" +"這件事發生了，或者要使用 FreeBSD MBR 取代現有的 " +"MBR 可使用以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22897 +#: book.translate.xml:23014 #, no-wrap msgid "# fdisk -B -b /boot/boot0 device" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22899 +#: book.translate.xml:23016 msgid "" "where device is the boot disk, such as " "ad0 for the first IDE disk, " @@ -33481,14 +33807,20 @@ "the MBR, refer to boot0cfg8." msgstr "" +"其中 device 開機磁碟，例如第一個 IDE 磁碟為 ad0，第二個 IDE 控制" +"器的第一個 IDE磁碟為 ad2，第一個 " +"SCSI 磁碟為 da0。要建立自訂的 " +"MBR 設定請參考 boot0cfg8。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22910 +#: book.translate.xml:23027 msgid "Stage One and Stage Two" msgstr "階段一與階段二" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22912 +#: book.translate.xml:23029 msgid "" "Conceptually, the first and second stages are part of the same program on " "the same area of the disk. Because of space constraints, they have been " @@ -33496,9 +33828,12 @@ "combined /boot/boot by the FreeBSD installer or " "bsdlabel." msgstr "" +"概念上，第一與第二個階段均為磁碟上同一個區域上同一個程式的一部份，由於空間上" +"的限制，它們被分成兩部份，但是會一併安裝。它們會由 FreeBSD 安裝程式或 " +"bsdlabel 從 /boot/boot 複製而來。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22919 +#: book.translate.xml:23036 msgid "" "These two stages are located outside file systems, in the first track of the " "boot slice, starting with the first sector. This is where " @@ -33505,9 +33840,12 @@ "boot0, or any other boot manager, expects to find " "a program to run which will continue the boot process." msgstr "" +"這兩個階段均位於檔案系統之外，在開機切割區的第一個磁軌，從第一個磁碟扇區 " +"(Sector) 開始，這個位置便是 boot0 或其他開機管理程" +"式所會儲存的地方，並會尋找可以執行的程式以繼續開機程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22925 +#: book.translate.xml:23042 msgid "" "The first stage, boot1, is very simple, since it can " "only be 512 bytes in size. It knows just enough about the FreeBSD " @@ -33514,9 +33852,12 @@ "bsdlabel, which stores information about the slice, " "to find and execute boot2." msgstr "" +"第一個階段的 boot1 非常的簡單，因為它只能有 512 位元組的" +"大小。它只能認得儲存切割區資訊的 FreeBSD bsdlabel 以及" +"尋找並執行 boot2。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22931 +#: book.translate.xml:23048 msgid "" "Stage two, boot2, is slightly more sophisticated, and " "understands the FreeBSD file system enough to find files. It can provide a " @@ -33525,15 +33866,19 @@ "provides a boot configuration file. If the boot process is interrupted at " "stage two, the following interactive screen is displayed:" msgstr "" +"階段二 boot2 稍微複雜一點，能夠理解 FreeBSD 檔案系統來搜" +"尋檔案。它可以提供一個簡單的介面來選擇要執行的核心或載入程式。它所執行的載入" +"程式 (loader) 更複雜並能讀取開機設定檔。若開機程序" +"在階段二中斷，則會顯示以下的互動畫面：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:22941 +#: book.translate.xml:23058 msgid "boot2 Screenshot" msgstr "boot2 螢幕截圖" #. (itstool) path: example/screen #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22943 book.translate.xml:48526 +#: book.translate.xml:23060 book.translate.xml:48643 #, no-wrap msgid "" ">> FreeBSD/i386 BOOT\n" @@ -33542,7 +33887,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22948 +#: book.translate.xml:23065 msgid "" "To replace the installed boot1 and boot2, use bsdlabel, where diskslice is the disk and slice to boot from, such as ad0s1 for the first slice on the first IDE disk:" msgstr "" +"要更換已安裝的 boot1 與 boot2 可使" +"用 bsdlabel，其中 diskslice 是" +"要開機的磁碟與切割區，例如 ad0s1 代表第一個 " +"IDE 磁碟的第一個切割區：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22954 +#: book.translate.xml:23071 #, no-wrap msgid "# bsdlabel -B diskslice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:22957 +#: book.translate.xml:23074 msgid "" "If just the disk name is used, such as ad0, " "bsdlabel will create the disk in dangerously " @@ -33565,35 +33914,43 @@ "action, so double check the diskslice before " "pressing Return." msgstr "" +"若只使用磁碟名稱，如 ad0，bsdlabel 便" +"會以 危險專用的模式 來建立磁碟，而不會建立任何分割區。這個可能" +"與預期的動作不同，所以在按下 Return 鍵之前請再次確認 " +"diskslice。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22968 +#: book.translate.xml:23085 msgid "Stage Three" msgstr "階段三" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22970 +#: book.translate.xml:23087 msgid "boot-loader" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22972 +#: book.translate.xml:23089 msgid "" "The loader is the final stage of the three-stage " "bootstrap process. It is located on the file system, usually as /" "boot/loader." msgstr "" +"loader 是三階段開機程多的最後一個階段，載入程式位" +"於檔案系統之中，通常在 /boot/loader。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22977 +#: book.translate.xml:23094 msgid "" "The loader is intended as an interactive method " "for configuration, using a built-in command set, backed up by a more " "powerful interpreter which has a more complex command set." msgstr "" +"loader 主要目地是利用擁有更複雜指令集的強大直譯器" +"做為基礎的內建指令集提供一個互動的方式來做設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22982 +#: book.translate.xml:23099 msgid "" "During initialization, loader will probe for a " "console and for disks, and figure out which disk it is booting from. It will " @@ -33600,19 +33957,22 @@ "set variables accordingly, and an interpreter is started where user commands " "can be passed from a script or interactively." msgstr "" +"在初始化的過程中，loader 會偵測 Console 與磁碟，並" +"找出可以用來開機的磁碟。在由 Script 或互動輸入使用者指令的地方會設定相對的變" +"數並啟動直譯器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22988 +#: book.translate.xml:23105 msgid "loader" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22989 +#: book.translate.xml:23106 msgid "loader configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22991 +#: book.translate.xml:23108 msgid "" "The loader will then read /boot/loader." "rc, which by default reads in /boot/defaults/loader." @@ -33621,9 +33981,14 @@ "loader.rc then acts on these variables, loading " "whichever modules and kernel are selected." msgstr "" +"loader 接著會讀取 /boot/loader.rc，這個程式預設又會讀取 /boot/defaults/loader.conf 來設定合理的變數預設值以及讀取 /boot/loader.conf 來對這些變數做本地的更改。loader.rc 接著會依這" +"些變數來運作，讀取選擇模組與核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23000 +#: book.translate.xml:23117 msgid "" "Finally, by default, loader issues a 10 second " "wait for key presses, and boots the kernel if it is not interrupted. If " @@ -33635,26 +34000,35 @@ "loader8." msgstr "" +"最後，預設情況下 loader 會待候鍵盤輸入 10 秒鐘，若" +"沒有被中斷的話會接著啟動核心。若被使用者中斷，則會向使用者顯示提示字元，此時" +"使用可以使用指令集來調整變數、卸載所有模組、載入模組，然後最後開機或重新開" +"機。 中列出了最常使用的 " +"loader 指令。要完整了解所有可用的指令，請參考 " +"loader8。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:23011 +#: book.translate.xml:23128 msgid "Loader Built-In Commands" msgstr "載入程式內建指令" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23023 +#: book.translate.xml:23140 msgid "autoboot seconds" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23025 +#: book.translate.xml:23142 msgid "" "Proceeds to boot the kernel if not interrupted within the time span given, " "in seconds. It displays a countdown, and the default time span is 10 seconds." msgstr "" +"若在指定時間 (秒) 內沒有中斷，會繼續啟動核心。此指令會顯示倒數，預設的時間為 " +"10 秒鐘。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23032 +#: book.translate.xml:23149 msgid "" "boot -options " "kernelname" @@ -33661,7 +34035,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23035 +#: book.translate.xml:23152 msgid "" "Immediately proceeds to boot the kernel, with any specified options or " "kernel name. Providing a kernel name on the command-line is only applicable " @@ -33670,47 +34044,56 @@ "not qualified it will be searched under /boot/kernel " "and /boot/modules." msgstr "" +"使用指定的選項或核心名稱立即啟動核心。由指令列指定核心名稱前必須先執行 " +"unload，否則會使用先前載入過的核心。若 " +"kernelname 不是完整的路徑則會搜尋 /boot/" +"kernel 及 /boot/modules 底下。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23047 +#: book.translate.xml:23164 msgid "boot-conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23048 +#: book.translate.xml:23165 msgid "" "Goes through the same automatic configuration of modules based on specified " "variables, most commonly kernel. This only makes sense if " "unload is used first, before changing some variables." msgstr "" +"依據指定的變數及最常用的 kernel 再做一次相同的自動模組設置。這" +"只有在執行 unload 之後，尚未變更變數之前方可使用。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23056 +#: book.translate.xml:23173 msgid "help topic" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23058 +#: book.translate.xml:23175 msgid "" "Shows help messages read from /boot/loader.help. If the " "topic given is index, the list of available topics is " "displayed." msgstr "" +"顯示自 /boot/loader.help 取得的說明訊息。若指定的主題為 " +"index 則會顯示所有可用的主題。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23065 +#: book.translate.xml:23182 msgid "include filename …" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23067 +#: book.translate.xml:23184 msgid "" "Reads the specified file and interprets it line by line. An error " "immediately stops the include." msgstr "" +"讀取指定的檔案並直譯每一行。若有錯誤則會立即中止 include。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23073 +#: book.translate.xml:23190 msgid "" "load -t type " "filename" @@ -33717,7 +34100,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23076 +#: book.translate.xml:23193 msgid "" "Loads the kernel, kernel module, or file of the type given, with the " "specified filename. Any arguments after filename " @@ -33725,9 +34108,13 @@ "will be searched under /boot/kernel and /boot/" "modules." msgstr "" +"由指定的檔案名稱載入核心、核心模組或指定類型的檔案。任何於 " +"filename 之後的參數都會被傳遞到該檔案。若 " +"filename 不是絕對位置則會搜尋 /boot/kernel 及 /boot/modules 底下。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23087 +#: book.translate.xml:23204 msgid "" "ls -l path" @@ -33734,61 +34121,65 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23089 +#: book.translate.xml:23206 msgid "" "Displays a listing of files in the given path, or the root directory, if the " "path is not specified. If is specified, file sizes will " "also be shown." msgstr "" +"顯示指定路徑中的檔案，若未指定路徑則會顯示根目錄中的檔案。若有指定 ，則會連檔案大小一同顯示。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23096 +#: book.translate.xml:23213 msgid "lsdev -v" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23097 +#: book.translate.xml:23214 msgid "" "Lists all of the devices from which it may be possible to load modules. If " " is specified, more details are printed." msgstr "" +"列出所有的裝置，這些裝置可能可以用來載入模組。若有指定 則" +"會顯示更詳細的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23103 +#: book.translate.xml:23220 msgid "lsmod -v" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23104 +#: book.translate.xml:23221 msgid "" "Displays loaded modules. If is specified, more details " "are shown." -msgstr "" +msgstr "顯示已載入的模組。若有指定 則會顯示更詳細的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23109 +#: book.translate.xml:23226 msgid "more filename" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23110 +#: book.translate.xml:23227 msgid "" "Displays the files specified, with a pause at each LINES " "displayed." -msgstr "" +msgstr "顯示指定的檔案，並於每 LINES 行顯示後會暫停。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23115 +#: book.translate.xml:23232 msgid "reboot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23116 +#: book.translate.xml:23233 msgid "Immediately reboots the system." -msgstr "" +msgstr "立即重新啟動系統。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23120 +#: book.translate.xml:23237 msgid "" "set variable, set variable=value" @@ -33795,49 +34186,51 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23122 +#: book.translate.xml:23239 msgid "Sets the specified environment variables." -msgstr "" +msgstr "設定指定的環境變數。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23126 +#: book.translate.xml:23243 msgid "unload" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23127 +#: book.translate.xml:23244 msgid "Removes all loaded modules." -msgstr "" +msgstr "移除所有已載入的模組。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23135 book.translate.xml:23245 book.translate.xml:45356 +#: book.translate.xml:23252 book.translate.xml:23362 book.translate.xml:45473 msgid "single-user mode" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23133 +#: book.translate.xml:23250 msgid "" "Here are some practical examples of loader usage. To boot the usual kernel " "in single-user mode <_:indexterm-1/>:" msgstr "" +"這裡有一些 loader 用法的實務範例。要使用一般的核心開機進入單使用者模式 " +"(Single-user mode<_:indexterm-1/>) 可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23138 +#: book.translate.xml:23255 #, no-wrap msgid "boot -s" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23140 +#: book.translate.xml:23257 msgid "" "To unload the usual kernel and modules and then load the previous or " "another, specified kernel:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "要卸載一般的核心與模組，然後載入先前或另一個指定的核心可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23143 +#: book.translate.xml:23260 #, no-wrap msgid "" "unload\n" @@ -33845,7 +34238,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23146 +#: book.translate.xml:23263 msgid "" "Use kernel.GENERIC to refer to the default kernel that " "comes with an installation, or kernel.old, to refer to " @@ -33852,14 +34245,17 @@ "the previously installed kernel before a system upgrade or before " "configuring a custom kernel." msgstr "" +"使用 kernel.GENERIC 來代表安裝程式使用的預設核心，或 " +"kernel.old 來代表在系統升級之前或設定自訂核心前安裝的核" +"心。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23152 +#: book.translate.xml:23269 msgid "Use the following to load the usual modules with another kernel:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "使用以下指令來使用另一個核心載入一般的模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23155 +#: book.translate.xml:23272 #, no-wrap msgid "" "unload\n" @@ -33868,28 +34264,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23159 +#: book.translate.xml:23276 msgid "To load an automated kernel configuration script:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "要載入一個已自動化的核心設置 Script 可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23161 +#: book.translate.xml:23278 #, no-wrap msgid "load -t userconfig_script /boot/kernel.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23163 +#: book.translate.xml:23280 msgid "kernel boot interaction" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23170 +#: book.translate.xml:23287 msgid "Last Stage" msgstr "最終階段" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23176 +#: book.translate.xml:23293 msgid "" "Once the kernel is loaded by either loader or by " "boot2, which bypasses loader8 for more information " "on the other boot flags." msgstr "" +"由 loader 或由會繞開 loader 的 boot2 載入核心之後，載入程式便會檢" +"查是不有使用任何開機旗標，並根據需要調整開機的方式。 列出了常用的開機旗標，請參考 boot8 取得更多其他開機旗標的" +"資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23184 +#: book.translate.xml:23301 msgid "kernel bootflags" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:23190 +#: book.translate.xml:23307 msgid "Kernel Interaction During Boot" msgstr "開機時核心互動參數" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23203 +#: book.translate.xml:23320 msgid "" "During kernel initialization, ask for the device to mount as the root file " "system." -msgstr "" +msgstr "核心初始化時，會詢問要掛載為根檔案系統的裝置。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23208 +#: book.translate.xml:23325 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23209 +#: book.translate.xml:23326 msgid "Boot the root file system from a CDROM." -msgstr "" +msgstr "由 CDROM 做為根檔案系統開機。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23214 +#: book.translate.xml:23331 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23215 +#: book.translate.xml:23332 msgid "Boot into single-user mode." -msgstr "" +msgstr "開機進入單使用者模式。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23220 +#: book.translate.xml:23337 msgid "Be more verbose during kernel startup." -msgstr "" +msgstr "核心啟動時提供更多詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23226 +#: book.translate.xml:23343 msgid "" "Once the kernel has finished booting, it passes control to the user process " "init8init_path variable in " "loader. This is the last stage of the boot process." msgstr "" +"一旦核心完成開機程序後，便會傳送控制權給使用者程序 " +"init8，該程序位於 /sbin/init 或在 " +"loader 中的 init_path 變數所指的程式路徑。" +"這是開機程序的最後一個階段。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23233 +#: book.translate.xml:23350 msgid "" "The boot sequence makes sure that the file systems available on the system " "are consistent. If a UFS file system is not, and " @@ -33962,14 +34369,18 @@ "administrator can resolve the problem directly. Otherwise, the system boots " "into multi-user mode." msgstr "" +"開機程序會確保系統上的檔案系統的一致性 (Consistency)，若 UFS 檔案系統不一致且 fsck 無法修時，" +"init 會讓系統進入單使用者模式，以讓系統管理者能夠" +"直接解決問題，否則系統會開機進入多使用者模式。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:23243 +#: book.translate.xml:23360 msgid "Single-User Mode" msgstr "單使用者模式" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23248 +#: book.translate.xml:23365 msgid "" "A user can specify this mode by booting with or by " "setting the boot_single variable in loader. It can also be reached by running shutdown now from multi-user mode. Single-user mode begins with this message:" msgstr "" +"使用者可以在開機時指定 或在 loader 設定 boot_single 變數進入這個模式。也可以透過在多" +"使用者模式執行 shutdown now 進入此模式。進入單使用者模式時" +"會出現此訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23255 +#: book.translate.xml:23372 #, no-wrap msgid "Enter full pathname of shell or RETURN for /bin/sh:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23257 +#: book.translate.xml:23374 msgid "" "If the user presses Enter, the system will enter the " "default Bourne shell. To specify a different shell, input the full path to " "the shell." msgstr "" +"若使用者按下 Enter，系統便會進入預設的 Bourne shell。要指定" +"使用其他的 Shell 則輸入該 Shell 的完整路徑。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23261 +#: book.translate.xml:23378 msgid "" "Single-user mode is usually used to repair a system that will not boot due " "to an inconsistent file system or an error in a boot configuration file. It " @@ -34001,9 +34418,13 @@ "single-user mode prompt gives full, local access to the system and its " "configuration files. There is no networking in this mode." msgstr "" +"單使用者模式通常用來修復因檔案系統不一致或開機設定檔發生錯誤造成的無法開機，" +"也可以用來重設遺忘的 root 的密" +"碼，因為在單使用者模式會給予對本地系統及設定檔完整的存取權。在這個模式下沒有" +"網路功能。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23270 +#: book.translate.xml:23387 msgid "" "While single-user mode is useful for repairing a system, it poses a security " "risk unless the system is in a physically secure location. By default, any " @@ -34010,9 +34431,12 @@ "user who can gain physical access to a system will have full control of that " "system after booting into single-user mode." msgstr "" +"雖然單使用者模式對修復系統很有幫助，但若系統放在不安全的場所便會有安全上的風" +"險。預設，開機進入單使用者模式後，任何能夠存取實體主機的使用者便擁有系統的完" +"整控制權。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23276 +#: book.translate.xml:23393 msgid "" "If the system console is changed to insecure in /etc/ttys, the system will first prompt for " @@ -34021,14 +34445,19 @@ "the ability to reset the root " "password when it is unknown." msgstr "" +"若在 /etc/ttys 系統 console 更改為 " +"insecure，系統便會在初始化單使用者模式前先詢問 " +"root 的密碼。這可增加一定程度的安" +"全性，但便無法在忘記 root 密碼時" +"重設密碼。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:23286 +#: book.translate.xml:23403 msgid "Configuring an Insecure Console in /etc/ttys" msgstr "在 /etc/ttys 設定不安全的 Console" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23289 +#: book.translate.xml:23406 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# name getty type status comments\n" @@ -34039,7 +34468,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23296 +#: book.translate.xml:23413 msgid "" "An insecure console means that physical security to the " "console is considered to be insecure, so only someone who knows the " @@ -34046,19 +34475,22 @@ "root password may use single-" "user mode." msgstr "" +"不安全 (insecure) console 代表對 Console 的實體安全性評估" +"為不安全 (insecure)，所以只有知道 root 密碼的人可以使用單使用者模式。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:23303 +#: book.translate.xml:23420 msgid "Multi-User Mode" msgstr "多使用者模式" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23305 +#: book.translate.xml:23422 msgid "multi-user mode" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23307 +#: book.translate.xml:23424 msgid "" "If init finds the file systems to be in order, or " "once the user has finished their commands in single-user mode and has typed " @@ -34065,14 +34497,17 @@ "exit to leave single-user mode, the system enters multi-" "user mode, in which it starts the resource configuration of the system." msgstr "" +"若 init 正常找到檔案系統或在單使用者模式的使用者完" +"成了操作並輸入 exit 離開單使用者模式，系統便會進入多使用者" +"模式，在這個模式便會開始系統的資源設置。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23314 +#: book.translate.xml:23431 msgid "rc files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23316 +#: book.translate.xml:23433 msgid "" "The resource configuration system reads in configuration defaults from " "/etc/defaults/rc.conf and system-specific details from " @@ -34081,9 +34516,14 @@ "services, miscellaneous system daemons, then the startup scripts of locally " "installed packages." msgstr "" +"資源設置系統 (Resource configuration system) 會從 /etc/defaults/rc." +"conf 讀取設定預設值以及從 /etc/rc.conf 讀取系" +"統特定的設定，接著會繼續掛載系統列於 /etc/fstab 的檔案系" +"統，也會啟動網路服務、其他的系統 Daemon，然後執行本地已安裝套件的啟動 " +"Script。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23325 +#: book.translate.xml:23442 msgid "" "To learn more about the resource configuration system, refer to " "rc8 and examine the scripts located in /etc/rc.d." msgstr "" +"要了解更多有關資源設置系統，請參考 rc8 以及查看位於 " +"/etc/rc.d 的 Script。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:23340 +#: book.translate.xml:23457 msgid "Configuring Boot Time Splash Screens" msgstr "設定開機啟動畫面" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:23343 book.translate.xml:57963 +#: book.translate.xml:23460 book.translate.xml:58080 msgid "" " Joseph J. Barbish Contributed by " @@ -34104,7 +34547,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23353 +#: book.translate.xml:23470 msgid "" "Typically when a FreeBSD system boots, it displays its progress as a series " "of messages at the console. A boot splash screen creates an alternate boot " @@ -34114,9 +34557,14 @@ "enabled. The display of the splash screen can be turned off by hitting any " "key on the keyboard during the boot process." msgstr "" +"正常 FreeBSD 系統開機會在 Console 顯示以一系列訊息來表示開機進度。開機啟動畫" +"面 (Boot splash screen) 是另一種可以把所有開機偵測與服務啟動訊息隱藏的開機畫" +"面，但即使開啟了啟動畫面，仍有有少數的開機載入程式的訊息，如：開機選項選單以" +"及倒數時間的提示，仍會在開機時顯示。在開機程序時可以按下鍵盤上的按鍵來關閉顯" +"示中的啟動畫面。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23363 +#: book.translate.xml:23480 msgid "" "There are two basic environments available in FreeBSD. The first is the " "default legacy virtual console command line environment. After the system " @@ -34125,9 +34573,13 @@ "\"x11\"/> for more information on how to install and configure a graphical " "display manager and a graphical login manager." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 有兩種基本的環境可以使用，一種是預設的傳統虛擬 Console 指令列環境，在" +"系統完成開機之後，便會顯示 Console 登入提示。另一種環境則是設定好的圖型化環" +"境，請參考 以取得更多有關如何安裝與設定圖型化顯示管理" +"程式與圖型化登入管理程式的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23371 +#: book.translate.xml:23488 msgid "" "Once the system has booted, the splash screen defaults to being a screen " "saver. After a time period of non-use, the splash screen will display and " @@ -34140,9 +34592,16 @@ "literal> option only applies to virtual consoles and has no effect on " "graphical display managers." msgstr "" +"系統開機之後，啟動畫面預設會作為螢幕保護程式，一段時間未使用便會顯示啟動畫" +"面，並且會循環更改影像的亮度，從明亮到非常暗，然後再繼續循環。啟動螢幕保護程" +"式的設定可在 /etc/rc.conf 增加一行 saver= 來更改。有許多內建的螢幕保護程式可用，在 " +"splash4 中有說明。saver= 的選項只會套用至虛擬 " +"Console，對圖型化顯示管理程式並不會有任何影響。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23382 +#: book.translate.xml:23499 msgid "" "Sample splash screen files can be downloaded from the gallery at http://artwork.freebsdgr.orghttp://artwork.freebsdgr.org 的圖庫下載。安裝 " +"sysutils/bsd-splash-changer 套件或 Port，可以在開機時隨機" +"顯示圖片集中的啟動畫面。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23388 +#: book.translate.xml:23505 msgid "" "The splash screen function supports 256-colors in the bitmap (." "bmp), ZSoft PCX (.pcx), " @@ -34166,9 +34629,17 @@ "Replace splash.bmp with the name of the bitmap " "file to use:" msgstr "" +"啟動畫面功能支援 256 色的點陣圖 (.bmp)、ZSoft " +"PCX (.pcx) 或 TheDraw (." +"bin) 格式。.bmp, .pcx " +"或 .bin 圖片必須放在根分割區，例如於 /boot。啟動圖片檔必須使用 320x200 像素或更低的解析度以能夠在標準 " +"VGA 介面卡上運作，要在預設 256 色、 320x200 像素或更低的解" +"析度設定開機啟動圖片，可加入下行到 /boot/loader.conf，並" +"替換 splash.bmp 為實際要使用的點陣圖檔：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23403 +#: book.translate.xml:23520 #, no-wrap msgid "" "splash_bmp_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -34177,12 +34648,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23407 +#: book.translate.xml:23524 msgid "To use a PCX file instead of a bitmap file:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "要使用 PCX 檔則可替換點陣圖檔：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23410 +#: book.translate.xml:23527 #, no-wrap msgid "" "splash_pcx_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -34191,14 +34662,16 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23414 +#: book.translate.xml:23531 msgid "" "To instead use ASCII art in the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheDraw format:" msgstr "" +"若要改使用 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheDraw 格式的 ASCII 圖可：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23417 +#: book.translate.xml:23534 #, no-wrap msgid "" "splash_txt=\"YES\"\n" @@ -34207,7 +34680,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23421 +#: book.translate.xml:23538 msgid "" "To use larger images that fill the whole display screen, up to the maximum " "resolution of 1024 by 768 pixels, the VESA module must " @@ -34217,25 +34690,30 @@ "splash screen, add this line to /boot/loader.conf " "before the three lines mentioned in the above examples:" msgstr "" +"要使用較大的圖片來填滿整個顯示畫面支援的解析度最大可至 1024x768 像素，" +"VESA 模組也必須在系統開機時載入。若使用自訂的核心，請確定" +"自訂核心設定檔中有含有 VESA 核心設定選項。要載入 " +"VESA 模組來顯示啟動畫面可在 /boot/loader.conf 上述例子中提到的三行之前加入下行：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23431 +#: book.translate.xml:23548 #, no-wrap msgid "vesa_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23433 +#: book.translate.xml:23550 msgid "Other interesting loader.conf options include:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "其他有用的 loader.conf 選項還有：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:23437 +#: book.translate.xml:23554 msgid "beastie_disable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23440 +#: book.translate.xml:23557 msgid "" "This will stop the boot options menu from being displayed, but the timed " "wait count down prompt will still be present. Even with the display of the " @@ -34242,22 +34720,26 @@ "boot options menu disabled, entering an option selection at the timed wait " "count down prompt will enact the corresponding boot option." msgstr "" +"這個會關閉開機選項選單的顯示，但倒數計時提示仍會在。即使關閉了開機選項選單，" +"在倒數計時提示時輸入選擇的選項還是會啟動對應的開機選項。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:23449 +#: book.translate.xml:23566 msgid "loader_logo=\"beastie\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23452 +#: book.translate.xml:23569 msgid "" "This will replace the default words FreeBSD, which are " "displayed to the right of the boot options menu, with the colored beastie " "logo." msgstr "" +"這個選項會替換預設與上色的小惡魔圖示一起顯示於開機選項選單右側的 " +"FreeBSD 文字，" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23460 +#: book.translate.xml:23577 msgid "" "For more information, refer to splash4, " @@ -34265,19 +34747,24 @@ "manvolnum>, and vga4." msgstr "" +"要取得更多資訊，請參考 splash4, " +"loader.conf5 以及 vga4。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:23466 +#: book.translate.xml:23583 msgid "Device Hints" -msgstr "" +msgstr "裝置提示" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23479 +#: book.translate.xml:23596 msgid "device.hints" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23483 +#: book.translate.xml:23600 msgid "" "During initial system startup, the boot loader8 reads device hints are used by device drivers for device " "configuration." msgstr "" +"在一開始系統啟動時，開機 loader8 會讀取 device.hints5，這個檔中儲存了核心開機資訊，即變數，有時我們又會稱" +"其為 裝置提示 (Device hints)。這些 裝置提示 (Device " +"hints) 會傳送給裝置驅動程式做裝置的設置使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23489 +#: book.translate.xml:23606 msgid "" "Device hints may also be specified at the Stage 3 boot loader prompt, as " "demonstrated in . Variables can be added " @@ -34298,93 +34791,107 @@ "hints can also be overridden. Device hints entered at the boot " "loader are not permanent and will not be applied on the next reboot." msgstr "" +"裝置提示也可在階段 3 開機載入程式提示時指定，如 中的示範，其變數也可以使用 set 增加、使用 " +"unset 移除、使用 show 檢視，也可覆蓋設" +"定在 /boot/device.hints 的變數，但在開機載入程式輸入的裝" +"置提示並不是永久有效的，在下一次重新開機久後便會失效。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23498 +#: book.translate.xml:23615 msgid "" "Once the system is booted, kenv1 can be used to dump " "all of the variables." msgstr "" +"一旦系統開機後，便可使用 kenv1 來列出所有的變數。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23501 +#: book.translate.xml:23618 msgid "" "The syntax for /boot/device.hints is one variable per " "line, using the hash # as comment markers. Lines are " "constructed as follows:" msgstr "" +"/boot/device.hints 的語法為一個變數一行，使用井字號 " +"# 做為註解符號，每一行的結構如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23506 +#: book.translate.xml:23623 #, no-wrap msgid "hint.driver.unit.keyword=\"value\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23508 +#: book.translate.xml:23625 msgid "The syntax for the Stage 3 boot loader is:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "在階段 3 開機載入程式的語法則為：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23510 +#: book.translate.xml:23627 #, no-wrap msgid "set hint.driver.unit.keyword=value" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23512 +#: book.translate.xml:23629 msgid "" "where driver is the device driver name, unit is the device driver unit number, and keyword is " "the hint keyword. The keyword may consist of the following options:" msgstr "" +"其中 driver 為裝置驅動程式名稱、unit 為" +"裝置驅動程式單位編號及 keyword 為提示關鍵字，關鍵字由以下" +"選項所組成：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23519 +#: book.translate.xml:23636 msgid "" "at: specifies the bus which the device is attached to." -msgstr "" +msgstr "at: 指定裝置所連結的匯流排 (Bus)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23524 +#: book.translate.xml:23641 msgid "" "port: specifies the start address of the I/O to be used." msgstr "" +"port: 指定要使用的 I/O 開始位置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23529 +#: book.translate.xml:23646 msgid "" "irq: specifies the interrupt request number to be used." -msgstr "" +msgstr "irq: 指定要使用的中斷請求編號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23534 +#: book.translate.xml:23651 msgid "drq: specifies the DMA channel number." -msgstr "" +msgstr "drq: 指定 DMA 頻道編號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23539 +#: book.translate.xml:23656 msgid "" "maddr: specifies the physical memory address occupied by " "the device." -msgstr "" +msgstr "maddr: 指定裝置所使用的實體記憶體位置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23544 +#: book.translate.xml:23661 msgid "flags: sets various flag bits for the device." -msgstr "" +msgstr "flags: 設定提供給裝置的各種旗標位元。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23549 +#: book.translate.xml:23666 msgid "" "disabled: if set to 1 the device is " "disabled." msgstr "" +"disabled: 若設為 1 則可關閉該裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23554 +#: book.translate.xml:23671 msgid "" "Since device drivers may accept or require more hints not listed here, " "viewing a driver's manual page is recommended. For more information, refer " @@ -34396,14 +34903,22 @@ "loader8." msgstr "" +"由於裝置驅動程式可能會接受或請求更多未列於此處的提示，建議先閱讀驅動程式的操" +"作手冊。要取得更多資訊請參考 device.hints5, kenv1, " +"loader.conf5 以及 loader8。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:23561 +#: book.translate.xml:23678 msgid "Shutdown Sequence" msgstr "關機程序" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23563 +#: book.translate.xml:23680 msgid "" "shutdown8" @@ -34410,7 +34925,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23567 +#: book.translate.xml:23684 msgid "" "Upon controlled shutdown using shutdown8, " @@ -34420,9 +34935,14 @@ "literal> signal, and subsequently the KILL signal to any " "that do not terminate in a timely manner." msgstr "" +"在使用 shutdown8 控制關閉時，init8 會嘗試執行 /" +"etc/rc.shutdown Script 接著傳送 TERM 信號給所有" +"的程序，然後傳送 KILL 信號給未在時間內中止的程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23574 +#: book.translate.xml:23691 msgid "" "To power down a FreeBSD machine on architectures and systems that support " "power management, use shutdown -p now to turn the power " @@ -34437,29 +34957,43 @@ "pages and to shutdown8 for more information." msgstr "" +"要在支援電源管理的架構與系統關閉 FreeBSD 主機電源，可使用 shutdown -" +"p now 來立即關閉電源，要重新啟動 FreeBSD 系統可使用 " +"shutdown -r now。操作人必須為 root 或為 operator 的成員才可執行 shutdown8，擁有這些身份的人也可使" +"用 halt8 與 reboot8，參考這些指令與 " +"shutdown8 的操作手冊來取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23586 +#: book.translate.xml:23703 msgid "" "Modify group membership by referring to ." -msgstr "" +msgstr "要修改群組成員可參考 。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:23590 +#: book.translate.xml:23707 msgid "" "Power management requires acpi4 to be loaded as a " "module or statically compiled into a custom kernel." msgstr "" +"電源管理需要以載入 acpi4 模組或將其靜態編譯至自" +"訂核心中。" #. (itstool) path: info/title #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:23605 book.translate.xml:56528 +#: book.translate.xml:23722 book.translate.xml:56645 msgid "Security" msgstr "安全性" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:23608 +#: book.translate.xml:23725 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes Rewritten by " @@ -34466,12 +35000,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23618 +#: book.translate.xml:23735 msgid "security" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23623 +#: book.translate.xml:23740 msgid "" "Security, whether physical or virtual, is a topic so broad that an entire " "industry has evolved around it. Hundreds of standard practices have been " @@ -34482,7 +35016,7 @@ "來搛寫如何確保系統與網路的安全性。身為 FreeBSD 必須了解如何避免攻擊與入侵。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23629 +#: book.translate.xml:23746 msgid "" "In this chapter, several fundamentals and techniques will be discussed. The " "FreeBSD system comes with multiple layers of security, and many more third " @@ -34492,22 +35026,22 @@ "方工具可以用來增加安全性。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23638 +#: book.translate.xml:23755 msgid "Basic FreeBSD system security concepts." msgstr "基礎 FreeBSD 系統安全概念。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23642 +#: book.translate.xml:23759 msgid "The various crypt mechanisms available in FreeBSD." msgstr "FreeBSD 中的幾種加密 (Crypt) 機制。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23646 +#: book.translate.xml:23763 msgid "How to set up one-time password authentication." msgstr "如何設定一次性密碼認證。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23650 +#: book.translate.xml:23767 msgid "" "How to configure TCP Wrapper for use with " "inetd8 中的 TCP Wrapper。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23655 +#: book.translate.xml:23772 msgid "How to set up Kerberos on FreeBSD." msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 設定 Kerberos。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23660 +#: book.translate.xml:23777 msgid "" "How to configure IPsec and create a VPN." @@ -34529,17 +35063,17 @@ msgstr "如何設定 IPsec 並且建立 VPN。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23665 +#: book.translate.xml:23782 msgid "How to configure and use OpenSSH on FreeBSD." msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 設定並使用 OpenSSH" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23670 +#: book.translate.xml:23787 msgid "How to use file system ACLs." msgstr "如何使用檔案系統 ACL。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23674 +#: book.translate.xml:23791 msgid "" "How to use pkg to audit third party software " "packages installed from the Ports Collection." @@ -34548,17 +35082,17 @@ "套件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23680 +#: book.translate.xml:23797 msgid "How to utilize FreeBSD security advisories." msgstr "如何利用 FreeBSD 安全報告。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23684 +#: book.translate.xml:23801 msgid "What Process Accounting is and how to enable it on FreeBSD." msgstr "什麼是程序追蹤 (Process Accounting) 以及如何在 FreeBSD 開啟。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23689 +#: book.translate.xml:23806 msgid "" "How to control user resources using login classes or the resource limits " "database." @@ -34565,12 +35099,12 @@ msgstr "如何使用登入類別或資源限制資料庫控制使用者資源。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23698 book.translate.xml:58079 +#: book.translate.xml:23815 book.translate.xml:58196 msgid "Understand basic FreeBSD and Internet concepts." msgstr "了解 FreeBSD 基礎及網路概念。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23702 +#: book.translate.xml:23819 msgid "" "Additional security topics are covered elsewhere in this Handbook. For " "example, Mandatory Access Control is discussed in " @@ -34581,7 +35115,7 @@ "linkend=\"firewalls\"/> 討論。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23711 +#: book.translate.xml:23828 msgid "" "Security is everyone's responsibility. A weak entry point in any system " "could allow intruders to gain access to critical information and cause havoc " @@ -34589,9 +35123,13 @@ "the CIA triad, which stands for the Confidentiality, " "Integrity, and Availability of information systems." msgstr "" +"保安是每個人的責任，任何系統中的弱點都可讓入侵者取得對關鍵資訊的存取權並導致" +"整個網路的浩劫。資訊安全的其中一個核心原則便是 CIA 三字" +"訣，代表著資訊系統的機密性 (Confidentiality)、完整性 (Integrity) 以及可用性 " +"(Availability)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23719 +#: book.translate.xml:23836 msgid "" "The CIA triad is a bedrock concept of computer security " "as customers and users expect their data to be protected. For example, a " @@ -34600,9 +35138,13 @@ "(integrity), and that they have access to their order information at all " "times (availablility)." msgstr "" +"CIA 三字訣是電腦安全的基石，就如同客戶與使用者期望他們的資" +"料得到保護一樣重要。例如，一個客戶會期望他們的信用卡資訊被安全的保存 (機密" +"性)、他們的訂單不會在私底下被竄改 (完整性) 以及他們隨時可以存取他們的訂單資" +"訊 (可用性)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23727 +#: book.translate.xml:23844 msgid "" "To provide CIA, security professionals apply a defense in " "depth strategy. The idea of defense in depth is to add several layers of " @@ -34613,9 +35155,14 @@ "not installed. To implement an effective security strategy, one must " "understand threats and how to defend against them." msgstr "" +"要提供 CIA，安全專家會應用防禦深度的策略。防禦深度的概念是" +"增加數個保全階層來避免單一階層失效便導致整個安全系統瓦解。例如，系統管理者不" +"能直接打開防火牆與評估網路或系統的安全性，還要同時稽查帳號、檢查 Binary 的完" +"整性與確保未被安裝惡意工具。要執行有效的保安策略，必須了解威脅以及如何抵禦威" +"脅。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23738 +#: book.translate.xml:23855 msgid "" "What is a threat as it pertains to computer security? Threats are not " "limited to remote attackers who attempt to access a system without " @@ -34623,9 +35170,12 @@ "software, unauthorized network devices, natural disasters, security " "vulnerabilities, and even competing corporations." msgstr "" +"什麼威脅影響到電腦安全性? 威脅並不僅限於在遠端嘗試未經授權存取系統的遠端攻擊" +"者，威脅也包含員工、惡意軟體、未經許可的網路裝置、天然災害、安全性漏洞甚至是" +"公司競爭對手。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23745 +#: book.translate.xml:23862 msgid "" "Systems and networks can be accessed without permission, sometimes by " "accident, or by remote attackers, and in some cases, via corporate espionage " @@ -34634,9 +35184,13 @@ "the security team. As an administrator, it is important to know of the " "threats and be prepared to mitigate them." msgstr "" +"系統與網路可以被未經授權存取，有時是因為意外，或是因遠端攻擊者，或在某些案例" +"中，是因商業間諜或者前員工。做為使用者，重要的是做好防範準備以及當有失誤造成" +"安全漏洞能夠承認並回報可能的問題給安全團隊。做為管理者，重要的是了解威脅並準" +"備在發生時能夠減緩威脅。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23753 +#: book.translate.xml:23870 msgid "" "When applying security to systems, it is recommended to start by securing " "the basic accounts and system configuration, and then to secure the network " @@ -34648,9 +35202,14 @@ "operating procedures (SOPs) already exist. When in doubt, " "ask the security team." msgstr "" +"當要應用保安到系統上時，建議由基本帳號以及系統設定開始保全，接著確保網路層，" +"使其遵守系統政策以及組織的安全程序。許多組織已經有涵蓋科技裝置設置的安全性政" +"策，該政策應包含工作站、桌上型電腦、行動裝置、手機、上線伺服器、開發伺服器的" +"安全設置。在大多數案例中，也都已經有標準操作程序 (SOP)，當" +"有疑慮時，請向安全團隊諮詢。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23765 +#: book.translate.xml:23882 msgid "" "The rest of this introduction describes how some of these basic security " "configurations are performed on a FreeBSD system. The rest of this chapter " @@ -34657,14 +35216,16 @@ "describes some specific tools which can be used when implementing a security " "policy on a FreeBSD system." msgstr "" +"簡介接下來的部份將說明如何在 FreeBSD 系統上執行這些基礎的安全設置。本章接下來" +"的部份將介紹在 FreeBSD 系統執行安全性政策時會用到的特定工具。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23772 +#: book.translate.xml:23889 msgid "Preventing Logins" msgstr "防止登入" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23774 +#: book.translate.xml:23891 msgid "" "In securing a system, a good starting point is an audit of accounts. Ensure " "that root has a strong password " @@ -34671,49 +35232,58 @@ "and that this password is not shared. Disable any accounts that do not need " "login access." msgstr "" +"要確保一個系統的安全最好的起點便是做好帳號的稽查，確保 root 使用了一個強而有力的密碼，並這個密碼未在其他地" +"方使用過，然後關閉任何無須登入存取權的帳號。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23779 +#: book.translate.xml:23896 msgid "" "To deny login access to accounts, two methods exist. The first is to lock " "the account. This example locks the toor account:" msgstr "" +"要關閉帳號的存取權登入有兩種方法，第一種是鎖定帳號，以下範例會鎖定 " +"toor 帳號：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23783 +#: book.translate.xml:23900 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw lock toor" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23785 +#: book.translate.xml:23902 msgid "" "The second method is to prevent login access by changing the shell to " "/sbin/nologin. Only the superuser can change the shell " "for other users:" msgstr "" +"第二個關閉登入存取權的方式是更改 Shell 為 /sbin/nologin，只有超級使用者可以更改其他使用者的 Shell：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23789 +#: book.translate.xml:23906 #, no-wrap msgid "# chsh -s /usr/sbin/nologin toor" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23791 +#: book.translate.xml:23908 msgid "" "The /usr/sbin/nologin shell prevents the system from " "assigning a shell to the user when they attempt to login." msgstr "" +"/usr/sbin/nologin shell 可以避免系統分配 Shell 給嘗試登" +"入的使用者。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23797 +#: book.translate.xml:23914 msgid "Permitted Account Escalation" msgstr "帳號升級授權" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23799 +#: book.translate.xml:23916 msgid "" "In some cases, system administration needs to be shared with other users. " "FreeBSD has two methods to handle this. The first one, which is not " @@ -34727,9 +35297,17 @@ "the end of the wheel entry. The user must be separated by " "a comma character with no space." msgstr "" +"在有一些案例，需要與其他使用者共用系統管理權限，FreeBSD 有兩種方式可以處理這" +"種情況。第一種，也是較不建議的方式，是與 wheel 群組的成員共用 root 的密碼，這種方式使用者可以在需要超" +"級使用者的存取權時輸入 su 然後輸入 wheel 的密碼，在完成需要管理存取權的指令之後，使用" +"應輸入 exit 離開。要加入使用者到這個群組，可編輯 " +"/etc/group 然後加入該使用者到 wheel " +"項目的最後，使用者必須以逗號字元分隔並不可有空白。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23813 +#: book.translate.xml:23930 msgid "" "The second, and recommended, method to permit privilege escalation is to " "install the security/sudo package or port. This software " @@ -34736,9 +35314,12 @@ "provides additional auditing, more fine-grained user control, and can be " "configured to lock users into running only the specified privileged commands." msgstr "" +"第二種方式，也是較建議的方式，安裝 security/sudo 套件或 " +"Port 來提升權限。這個軟體提供了額外的稽查、更細微的使用者控制，然後可以設定鎖" +"定使用者只能執行特定需權限的指令。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23820 +#: book.translate.xml:23937 msgid "" "After installation, use visudo to edit /usr/" "local/etc/sudoers. This example creates a new trhodes account to that group, and configures that " "group access to restart apache24:" msgstr "" +"在安裝之後，使用 visudo 來編輯 /usr/local/etc/" +"sudoers。這個範例會建立新 webadmin 群組，並加入 trhodes 帳號到該群組，然後設定該群組可重新啟動 " +"apache24 的存取權：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23827 +#: book.translate.xml:23944 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pw groupadd webadmin -M trhodes -g 6000\n" @@ -34757,12 +35343,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23833 +#: book.translate.xml:23950 msgid "Password Hashes" msgstr "密碼編碼方式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23835 +#: book.translate.xml:23952 msgid "" "Passwords are a necessary evil of technology. When they must be used, they " "should be complex and a powerful hash mechanism should be used to encrypt " @@ -34773,17 +35359,26 @@ "acronym> should not be changed to a less secure hashing algorithm, but can " "be changed to the more secure Blowfish algorithm." msgstr "" +"密碼是資訊科技的必要之惡，當必須使用密碼時，應要有複雜且強大的雜湊機制來加密" +"儲存在密碼資料庫中的密碼。FreeBSD 支援 DES, MD5, SHA256, SHA512 以及 Blowfish " +"雜湊演算法於其 crypt() 程式庫。預設使用 " +"SHA512，不建議改成更不安全的雜湊演算法，但可改成更安全的 " +"Blowfish 演算法。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:23847 +#: book.translate.xml:23964 msgid "" "Blowfish is not part of AES and is not considered " "compliant with any Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS). Its use may not be permitted in some environments." msgstr "" +"Blowfish 不是 AES 的一部份且不符合任何聯邦資訊處理標準 " +"(Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS)，在某些環" +"境可能不會允許使用這種加密方式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23853 +#: book.translate.xml:23970 msgid "" "To determine which hash algorithm is used to encrypt a user's password, the " "superuser can view the hash for the user in the FreeBSD password database. " @@ -34797,9 +35392,18 @@ "algorithm as the hash starts with $6$. Note that the " "encrypted hash, not the password itself, is stored in the password database:" msgstr "" +"要知道目前用何種雜湊演算法來加密某位使用者密碼，超級使用者可以檢視在 FreeBSD " +"密碼資料庫中該使用者的雜湊，每個雜湊的一開始便會以符號標示其用來加密密碼所使" +"用的雜湊機制。若使用 DES 則開始不會有任何符號，而 " +"MD5 的符號則是 $，SHA256 及 SHA512 的符號是 $6$，" +"Blowfish 的符號是 $2a$。在以下例子中 dru 的密碼使以預設的 SHA512 演算" +"法加密，因為其雜湊的開始為 $6$。注意，該加密過的雜湊，不是" +"原來的密碼，會儲存於密碼資料庫中：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23869 +#: book.translate.xml:23986 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# grep dru /etc/master.passwd\n" @@ -34807,33 +35411,36 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23872 +#: book.translate.xml:23989 msgid "" "The hash mechanism is set in the user's login class. For this example, the " "user is in the default login class and the hash algorithm " "is set with this line in /etc/login.conf:" msgstr "" +"雜湊機制是設定在該使用者的登入類別 (Login class)，以此為例，該使用者屬於 " +"default 登入類別，且雜湊演算法是以下行設定在 /" +"etc/login.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23877 +#: book.translate.xml:23994 #, no-wrap msgid " :passwd_format=sha512:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23879 +#: book.translate.xml:23996 msgid "" "To change the algorithm to Blowfish, modify that line to look like this:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "要更改演算法為 Blowfish，可修改該行如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23882 +#: book.translate.xml:23999 #, no-wrap msgid " :passwd_format=blf:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23884 +#: book.translate.xml:24001 msgid "" "Then run cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf as described in . Note that this change will not affect any " @@ -34841,9 +35448,13 @@ "by asking users to run passwd in order to change their " "password." msgstr "" +"然後依 中所描述的方式執行 " +"cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf。注意，這個動作不會影響任何已存在" +"的密碼雜湊，但這代表必須要求所有使用者執行 passwd 來更改其" +"密碼才有辦法重新加密所有密碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23891 +#: book.translate.xml:24008 msgid "" "For remote logins, two-factor authentication should be used. An example of " "two-factor authentication is something you have, such as a " @@ -34855,14 +35466,21 @@ "changes to implement OpenSSH in their network. " "These changes are described in ." msgstr "" +"針對遠端登入，應使用雙重認證 (Two-factor authentication)，舉例來說您同時要 " +"有某樣東西，如：鑰匙，以及 知道某個資訊，如：密" +"碼。自從 OpenSSH 是 FreeBSD 基礎系統的一部份，所有" +"來算網路的登入應透過加密過的連線且使用以金鑰為基礎的認証來替代密碼。要了解更" +"多資訊請參考 。Kerberos 的使用者可能會需要多做一些" +"額外的更改才能在其網路上使用 OpenSSH，這些更改在 " +" 中會有說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23905 +#: book.translate.xml:24022 msgid "Password Policy Enforcement" msgstr "強制密碼政策" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23907 +#: book.translate.xml:24024 msgid "" "Enforcing a strong password policy for local accounts is a fundamental " "aspect of system security. In FreeBSD, password length, password strength, " @@ -34869,9 +35487,12 @@ "and password complexity can be implemented using built-in Pluggable " "Authentication Modules (PAM)." msgstr "" +"強制在本地帳號使用高強度密碼的政策是系統安全的基礎之一。在 FreeBSD 密碼長度、" +"密碼強度以及密碼複雜性可使用內建的可插拔認証模組 (Pluggable Authentication " +"Modules, PAM) 來執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23913 +#: book.translate.xml:24030 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to configure the minimum and maximum password " "length and the enforcement of mixed characters using the " @@ -34878,23 +35499,28 @@ "pam_passwdqc.so module. This module is enforced when a " "user changes their password." msgstr "" +"本節將示範如何設定密碼長度下限與上限以及使用 pam_passwdqc.so 來強制使用混合字元的密碼，此模組可在使用者更改其密碼時強制要求。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23919 +#: book.translate.xml:24036 msgid "" "To configure this module, become the superuser and uncomment the line " "containing pam_passwdqc.so in /etc/pam.d/" "passwd. Then, edit that line to match the password policy:" msgstr "" +"要設定此模組，需要先成為超級使用者，然後取消註解在 /etc/pam.d/" +"passwd 中含有 pam_passwdqc.so 的行。然後編輯該" +"行來配合密碼政策：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23925 +#: book.translate.xml:24042 #, no-wrap msgid "password requisite pam_passwdqc.so min=disabled,disabled,disabled,12,10 similar=deny retry=3 enforce=users" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23927 +#: book.translate.xml:24044 msgid "" "This example sets several requirements for new passwords. The min setting controls the minimum password length. It has five values " @@ -34911,24 +35537,34 @@ "allow passwords of at least ten characters, if the password contains " "characters with four types of complexity." msgstr "" +"這個例子會設定新密碼所需符合的需求。min 設定可以控制密碼長" +"度下限，它有五個值因為這個模組根據密碼的複雜度定義了五種類型。而複雜度是由必" +"須在密碼中存在的字元類型來定義，例如：文字、數字、符號以及大小寫，這些密碼類" +"型在 pam_passwdqc8 有詳細的說明。在這個例子，密碼類型的前三項為關閉" +"的，代表不會接受只滿足這些複雜度的密碼，不論長度為何。12 " +"設定密碼政策可接受滿足三種字元類型複雜度且至少 12 個字元的密碼，10 設定密碼政策接受滿足四種字元類型複雜度且至少 10 個字元的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23944 +#: book.translate.xml:24061 msgid "" "The similar setting denies passwords that are similar to " "the user's previous password. The retry setting provides " "a user with three opportunities to enter a new password." msgstr "" +"similar 設定則會拒絕以使用者前一次類似的密碼。" +"retry 設定會提供使用者三次輸入新密碼的機會。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23949 +#: book.translate.xml:24066 msgid "" "Once this file is saved, a user changing their password will see a message " "similar to the following:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "一這個檔案儲存之後，更改密碼的使用者將會看到如下的訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23952 +#: book.translate.xml:24069 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% passwd\n" @@ -34948,15 +35584,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23967 +#: book.translate.xml:24084 msgid "" "If a password that does not match the policy is entered, it will be rejected " "with a warning and the user will have an opportunity to try again, up to the " "configured number of retries." msgstr "" +"若輸入了一個不符何密碼政策的密碼，則會被拒絕並顯示警告，然後使用者會有機會再" +"重試，直到超過設定的允許重試次數。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23972 +#: book.translate.xml:24089 msgid "" "Most password policies require passwords to expire after so many days. To " "set a password age time in FreeBSD, set for " @@ -34963,49 +35601,61 @@ "the user's login class in /etc/login.conf. The " "default login class contains an example:" msgstr "" +"大多數密碼政策會讓密碼在多日過後過期。要在 FreeBSD 設定密碼年齡日期，可在 " +"/etc/login.conf 中該使用者的登入類別設定 " +"。在 default 登入類別已有設定" +"範例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23979 +#: book.translate.xml:24096 #, no-wrap msgid "# :passwordtime=90d:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23981 +#: book.translate.xml:24098 msgid "" "So, to set an expiry of 90 days for this login class, remove the comment " "symbol (#), save the edit, and run cap_mkdb /etc/" "login.conf." msgstr "" +"因此，要設定此登入類別的密碼在 90 天之後過期只需要移除註解符號 (#)，然後儲存編輯結果並執行 cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23986 +#: book.translate.xml:24103 msgid "" "To set the expiration on individual users, pass an expiration date or the " "number of days to expiry and a username to pw:" msgstr "" +"要在個別使用者設定期限，可將有效日期或到期的天數與使用者名稱傳給 " +"pw：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23990 +#: book.translate.xml:24107 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw usermod -p 30-apr-2015 -n trhodes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23992 +#: book.translate.xml:24109 msgid "" "As seen here, an expiration date is set in the form of day, month, and year. " "For more information, see pw8." msgstr "" +"如這個例子，有效日期的格式為天、月以及年。要取得更多資訊可參考 " +"pw8。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23998 +#: book.translate.xml:24115 msgid "Detecting Rootkits" -msgstr "偵測 Rootkits" +msgstr "偵測 Root 工具 (Rootkit)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24000 +#: book.translate.xml:24117 msgid "" "A rootkit is any unauthorized software that attempts " "to gain root access to a system. " @@ -35016,9 +35666,14 @@ "prudent security or systems engineer will miss something an attacker left " "behind." msgstr "" +"rootkit 指的是嘗試未經授權取得系統 root 存取權的軟體。一旦安裝之後，這個惡意軟體將可以" +"光明正大的開啟給另一個給攻擊者進入的大門。現實上，一但系統已被 rootkit 滲透且" +"執行了搜索動作之後，該系統就應該從頭重新安裝，因為即使非常謹真的資安或系統工" +"程式也可能會遺漏攻擊者留下的動西。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24010 +#: book.translate.xml:24127 msgid "" "A rootkit does do one thing usefulfor administrators: once detected, it is a " "sign that a compromise happened at some point. But, these types of " @@ -35025,23 +35680,28 @@ "applications tend to be very well hidden. This section demonstrates a tool " "that can be used to detect rootkits, security/rkhunter." msgstr "" +"rootkit 所做過的事可提供管理者一個非常有用的資訊：一但偵測到，便代表某處已經" +"被滲透，但這類的應用程式躲藏的非常好，本節將會示範一個可以用來偵測 rootkit 的" +"工具，security/rkhunter。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24016 +#: book.translate.xml:24133 msgid "" "After installation of this package or port, the system may be checked using " "the following command. It will produce a lot of information and will require " "some manual pressing of ENTER:" msgstr "" +"安裝此套件或 Port 之後，系統便可使用以下指令檢查。該指令提供許多資訊且會需要" +"手動按下 ENTER 確認：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24021 +#: book.translate.xml:24138 #, no-wrap msgid "# rkhunter -c" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24023 +#: book.translate.xml:24140 msgid "" "After the process completes, a status message will be printed to the screen. " "This message will include the amount of files checked, suspect files, " @@ -35051,9 +35711,14 @@ "software. These can be handled now or after a more detailed analysis has " "been performed." msgstr "" +"該程序完成之後，目前狀態的訊息便會顯示在畫面上。這個訊息包含了已檢查過多少檔" +"案、可疑的檔案、可能的 rootkit 以及其他更多資訊。在檢查的過程中，可能會產生一" +"些有關隱藏檔案、OpenSSH 通訊協定選擇及已安裝軟體已" +"知漏洞版本的通用的安全性警告、這些問題可以立即處理或在更詳細的分析之後再處" +"理。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24033 +#: book.translate.xml:24150 msgid "" "Every administrator should know what is running on the systems they are " "responsible for. Third-party tools like rkhunter " @@ -35063,14 +35728,19 @@ "when something seems out of place, and be paranoid. While preventing a " "compromise is ideal, detecting a compromise is a must." msgstr "" +"每位管理者應了解在系統上執行了那些程式以及這些程式的用途。第三方工具如 " +"rkhunter 與 sysutils/lsof 以及" +"原生指令如 netstat 與 ps 可以系統上大量" +"的資訊，記錄下那一些是正常的，當有不適當的程式出現時提出疑問，然後找出答案。" +"雖然理想要避免滲透，但也必須偵測是否已被滲透了。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24045 +#: book.translate.xml:24162 msgid "Binary Verification" msgstr "Binary 檢驗" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24047 +#: book.translate.xml:24164 msgid "" "Verification of system files and binaries is important because it provides " "the system administration and security teams information about system " @@ -35077,9 +35747,12 @@ "changes. A software application that monitors the system for changes is " "called an Intrusion Detection System (IDS)." msgstr "" +"檢驗系統檔案與 Binary 是很重要的，因為它可以提供系統管理者與資安團隊有關系統" +"變更的資訊，能夠監視系統變更的軟體應用程式稱為入侵偵測系統 (Intrusion " +"Detection System, IDS)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24053 +#: book.translate.xml:24170 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides native support for a basic IDS system. " "While the nightly security emails will notify an administrator of changes, " @@ -35090,9 +35763,14 @@ "preferably, on a removable USB disk or remote " "rsync server." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 原生提供了基礎的 IDS 系統，雖然每天晚上會有安全性" +"的信件會通知管理者相關的變更，但這些資訊是儲存在本地的，這讓惡意的使用者有機" +"會能夠修改這些資訊來隱藏其對系統的變更。也因此，會建議建立一個獨立的 Binary " +"簽名並將這些簽名儲存在唯度、root 擁有的目錄或在可移除的 USB 磁碟或遠端 rsync 伺服器更好。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24064 +#: book.translate.xml:24181 msgid "" "The built-in mtree utility can be used to generate a " "specification of the contents of a directory. A seed, or a numeric constant, " @@ -35106,9 +35784,17 @@ "\">root's home directory, /root/.bin_chksum_mtree:" msgstr "" +"內建 mtree 工具可以對一個目錄中的內容產生一個規格檔，產生" +"規格檔會用到一個種子碼 (Seed) 或常數，然後在檢查規格是否有更改過時會也會需要" +"使用這個種子碼或常數。這讓檢查一個檔案或 Binary 是否被修改變成可能的一件事。" +"由於攻擊者並不知道種子碼，要仿冒或檢查檔案的校驗碼 (Checksum) 數值是幾乎不可" +"能的。以下例子會產生一組 SHA256 雜湊，每一個在 /" +"bin 的系統 Binary 都會有一個，並姐會將這些值以隱藏黨儲存在 " +"root 的家目錄，/root/." +"bin_chksum_mtree：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24077 +#: book.translate.xml:24194 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mtree -s 3483151339707503 -c -K cksum,sha256digest -p /bin > /root/.bin_chksum_mtree\n" @@ -35116,21 +35802,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24080 +#: book.translate.xml:24197 msgid "" "The 3483151339707503 represents the seed. This " "value should be remembered, but not shared." msgstr "" +"3483151339707503 代表種子碼，這個值應要記錄下來且" +"不可給其它人看。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24084 +#: book.translate.xml:24201 msgid "" "Viewing /root/.bin_cksum_mtree should yield output " "similar to the following:" msgstr "" +"檢視 /root/.bin_cksum_mtree 應會產生類似以下的輸出結果：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24087 +#: book.translate.xml:24204 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# user: root\n" @@ -35156,7 +35845,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24108 +#: book.translate.xml:24225 msgid "" "The machine's hostname, the date and time the specification was created, and " "the name of the user who created the specification are included in this " @@ -35163,9 +35852,12 @@ "report. There is a checksum, size, time, and SHA256 " "digest for each binary in the directory." msgstr "" +"機器的主機名稱、建立規格檔的日期與時間、以及建立此規格檔的使用者名稱皆會記錄" +"在此報告當中，報告當中還會有在目錄中每個 Binary 的校驗碼、大小、時間以及 " +"SHA256 編碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24114 +#: book.translate.xml:24231 msgid "" "To verify that the binary signatures have not changed, compare the current " "contents of the directory to the previously generated specification, and " @@ -35172,9 +35864,11 @@ "save the results to a file. This command requires the seed that was used to " "generate the original specification:" msgstr "" +"要檢驗 Binary 簽名是否有被變更過，可使用先前產生的規格檔比對目前目錄的內容，" +"然後儲存結果到檔案。這個指令需要當初產生原規格檔所使用的種子碼：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24120 +#: book.translate.xml:24237 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mtree -s 3483151339707503 -p /bin < /root/.bin_chksum_mtree >> /root/.bin_chksum_output\n" @@ -35182,7 +35876,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24123 +#: book.translate.xml:24240 msgid "" "This should produce the same checksum for /bin that was " "produced when the specification was created. If no changes have occurred to " @@ -35191,9 +35885,14 @@ "on /bin/cat using touch and run the " "verification command again:" msgstr "" +"這個動作應會產生與上次建立 /bin 規格檔時產生的校驗碼相" +"同，若在此目錄的 Binary 沒有被變更過，那麼 /root/." +"bin_chksum_output 這個輸出檔將會是空的。要模擬變更，可以使用 " +"touch 更改 /root/.bin_chksum_output " +"的日期然後再執行檢驗指令一次：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24132 +#: book.translate.xml:24249 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# touch /bin/cat\n" @@ -35204,7 +35903,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24138 +#: book.translate.xml:24255 msgid "" "It is recommended to create specifications for the directories which contain " "binaries and configuration files, as well as any directories containing " @@ -35213,9 +35912,14 @@ "/usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin, " "/etc, and /usr/local/etc." msgstr "" +"建議對含有 Binary 以及設定檔的目錄建立規格檔，對含有敏感資料的目錄也是。通常" +"會為 /bin, /sbin, /usr/" +"bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin, /etc 及 /usr/local/etc " +"建立規格檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24148 +#: book.translate.xml:24265 msgid "" "More advanced IDS systems exist, such as " "security/aide. In most cases, mtree " @@ -35225,14 +35929,19 @@ "mtree8." msgstr "" +"也有更進階的 IDS 系統，例如 security/aide。大多數情況 mtree 已可提供管理者所需的功能。將種" +"子碼與校驗碼結果保存在惡意使用者無法存取的地方是非常重要的一件事。更多有關 " +"mtree 的資訊可在 mtree8 找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24158 +#: book.translate.xml:24275 msgid "System Tuning for Security" msgstr "系統安全性調校" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24160 +#: book.translate.xml:24277 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, many system features can be tuned using sysctl. A few of the security features which can be tuned to prevent " @@ -35241,9 +35950,14 @@ "how to temporarily change values and how to make the changes permanent after " "testing, can be found in ." msgstr "" +"在 FreeBSD，有許多系統功能可以使用 sysctl 調校，本節會涵蓋" +"少數可以調校來避免阻斷服務 (Denial of Service, DoS) 攻擊的" +"安全性功能。更多有關使用 sysctl 的資訊包含：如何暫時更改數" +"值及如何在測試之後做永久更改可在 找" +"到。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:24170 +#: book.translate.xml:24287 msgid "" "Any time a setting is changed with sysctl, the chance to " "cause undesired harm is increased, affecting the availability of the system. " @@ -35250,9 +35964,12 @@ "All changes should be monitored and, if possible, tried on a testing system " "before being used on a production system." msgstr "" +"任何時間使用 做的設定變更都會讓造成不" +"想要的傷害的可能性上升，影響到系統的可用性。因此應要對所有的變更做監視，若可" +"能的話，先在測試系統上實驗，再到上線的系統上使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24178 +#: book.translate.xml:24295 msgid "" "By default, the FreeBSD kernel boots with a security level of -1. This is called insecure mode because immutable file " @@ -35268,16 +35985,29 @@ "refentrytitle>8 for more information " "on these settings and the available security levels." msgstr "" +"預設 FreeBSD 核心會使用安全性層級 -1 來開機，這又稱作" +"不安全模式，因為不可變 (Immutable) 檔案旗標可以被關閉且可以讀" +"取或寫入所有的裝置。除非有使用 sysctl 或在啟動 Script 設定" +"修改該值，否則安全性層級將會在 -1。安全性層級可以在系統啟" +"動時透過在 /etc/rc.conf 設定 " +"kern_securelevel_enable 為 YES 以及 設" +"定 kern_securelevel 的值為想要的安全層級來提升。請參考 " +"security7 以及 init8 以取得更多與這些設定及" +"可用的安全性層級相關的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:24194 +#: book.translate.xml:24311 msgid "" "Increasing the securelevel can break Xorg and cause other issues. Be prepared to do some debugging." msgstr "" +"提高 securelevel 會導致 Xorg 無" +"法執行以及造成其他問題，請做好除錯的準備。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24199 +#: book.translate.xml:24316 msgid "" "The net.inet.tcp.blackhole and net.inet.udp." "blackhole settings can be used to drop incoming SYNblackhole4 for more information about these settings." msgstr "" +"net.inet.tcp.blackhole 以及 net.inet.udp." +"blackhole 設定可以用來丟棄在已關閉連接埠 (Port) 收到的 " +"SYN 封包且不會回傳 RST 回應，預設的動作" +"是會回傳 RST 來表示該連接埠已被關閉，更改預設的動作可對連" +"接埠掃描 (用在查看在系統上執行的應用程式) 提供一定程度的保護，要這麼做可設定 " +"net.inet.tcp.blackhole 為 2 及 " +"net.inet.udp.blackhole 為 1。請參考 " +"blackhole4 以取得更多有關這些設定的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24213 +#: book.translate.xml:24330 msgid "" "The net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect and net.inet.ip." "redirect settings help prevent against redirect " @@ -35303,9 +36042,16 @@ "varname> to 1 and set net.inet.ip.redirect to 0." msgstr "" +"net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect 以及 net.inet.ip." +"redirect 設定可以幫助避免 重新導向攻擊 (Redirect " +"attacks)，重新導向攻擊是 DoS 的一種，會傳送大" +"量 ICMP 類型 5 的封包，由於這些封包並不是必要的，設定 " +"net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect 為 1 以及設" +"定 net.inet.ip.redirect 為 0 可丟棄這些" +"封包。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24224 +#: book.translate.xml:24341 msgid "" "Source routing is a method for detecting and accessing non-routable " "addresses on the internal network. This should be disabled as non-routable " @@ -35313,9 +36059,13 @@ "net.inet.ip.sourceroute and net.inet.ip." "accept_sourceroute to 0." msgstr "" +"來源路由 (Source routing) 是一種偵測與存取在內部網路中不可路由位址的方法，由" +"於不可路由位址通常是固故讓它不可路由的，因此可以關閉這個功能。要關閉這個功能" +"可設定 net.inet.ip.sourceroute 以及 net.inet.ip." +"accept_sourceroute 為 0。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24232 +#: book.translate.xml:24349 msgid "" "When a machine on the network needs to send messages to all hosts on a " "subnet, an ICMP echo request message is sent to the " @@ -35323,32 +36073,38 @@ "perform such an action. To reject all external broadcast requests, set " "net.inet.icmp.bmcastecho to 0." msgstr "" +"當一台在網路上的機器需要傳送訊息給所有在子網路上的主機時，會發送 " +"ICMP 回應請求訊息到廣播位址。然而，外部的主機是沒有理由可" +"以執行這個動作的。要拒絕所有來自外部的廣播請求可設定 net.inet.icmp." +"bmcastecho 為 0。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24240 +#: book.translate.xml:24357 msgid "" "Some additional settings are documented in " "security7." msgstr "" +"還有一些額外的設定在 security7 有說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:24246 +#: book.translate.xml:24363 msgid "One-time Passwords" msgstr "一次性密碼" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24248 +#: book.translate.xml:24365 msgid "one-time passwords" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24249 +#: book.translate.xml:24366 msgid "security one-time passwords" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24254 +#: book.translate.xml:24371 msgid "" "By default, FreeBSD includes support for One-time Passwords In Everything " "(OPIE). OPIE is designed to prevent " @@ -35361,7 +36117,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24265 +#: book.translate.xml:24382 msgid "" "OPIE uses three different types of passwords. The first " "is the usual UNIX or Kerberos " @@ -35373,7 +36129,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24273 +#: book.translate.xml:24390 msgid "" "There are two other pieces of data that are important to OPIE. One is the seed or key, consisting " @@ -35393,7 +36149,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24292 +#: book.translate.xml:24409 msgid "" "There are a few programs involved in this process. A one-time password, or a " "consecutive list of one-time passwords, is generated by passing an iteration " @@ -35410,7 +36166,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24302 +#: book.translate.xml:24419 msgid "" "This section describes four different sorts of operations. The first is how " "to set up one-time-passwords for the first time over a secure connection. " @@ -35421,12 +36177,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24311 +#: book.translate.xml:24428 msgid "Initializing OPIE" msgstr "初始化 OPIE" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24313 +#: book.translate.xml:24430 msgid "" "To initialize OPIE for the first time, run this command " "from a secure location:" @@ -35433,7 +36189,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24316 +#: book.translate.xml:24433 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% opiepasswd -c\n" @@ -35450,7 +36206,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24328 +#: book.translate.xml:24445 msgid "" "The sets console mode which assumes that the command is " "being run from a secure location, such as a computer under the user's " @@ -35459,7 +36215,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24334 +#: book.translate.xml:24451 msgid "" "When prompted, enter the secret password which will be used to generate the " "one-time login keys. This password should be difficult to guess and should " @@ -35469,7 +36225,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24341 +#: book.translate.xml:24458 msgid "" "The ID line lists the login name (unfurl), default iteration count (499), and default " @@ -35481,12 +36237,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24353 +#: book.translate.xml:24470 msgid "Insecure Connection Initialization" msgstr "不安全連線初始化" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24355 +#: book.translate.xml:24472 msgid "" "To initialize or change the secret password on an insecure system, a secure " "connection is needed to some place where opiekey can be " @@ -35498,7 +36254,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24364 +#: book.translate.xml:24481 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% opiepasswd\n" @@ -35517,7 +36273,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24378 +#: book.translate.xml:24495 msgid "" "To accept the default seed, press Return. Before entering " "an access password, move over to the secure connection and give it the same " @@ -35525,7 +36281,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24382 book.translate.xml:24430 +#: book.translate.xml:24499 book.translate.xml:24547 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% opiekey 498 to4268\n" @@ -35536,7 +36292,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24388 +#: book.translate.xml:24505 msgid "" "Switch back over to the insecure connection, and copy the generated one-time " "password over to the relevant program." @@ -35543,12 +36299,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24394 +#: book.translate.xml:24511 msgid "Generating a Single One-time Password" msgstr "產生單組一次性密碼" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24396 +#: book.translate.xml:24513 msgid "" "After initializing OPIE and logging in, a prompt like " "this will be displayed:" @@ -35555,7 +36311,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24399 +#: book.translate.xml:24516 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% telnet example.com\n" @@ -35571,7 +36327,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24410 +#: book.translate.xml:24527 msgid "" "The OPIE prompts provides a useful feature. If " "Return is pressed at the password prompt, the prompt will " @@ -35580,22 +36336,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24416 +#: book.translate.xml:24533 msgid "MS-DOS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24417 +#: book.translate.xml:24534 msgid "Windows" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24418 +#: book.translate.xml:24535 msgid "MacOS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24420 +#: book.translate.xml:24537 msgid "" "At this point, generate the one-time password to answer this login prompt. " "This must be done on a trusted system where it is safe to run " @@ -35608,22 +36364,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24428 +#: book.translate.xml:24545 msgid "On the trusted system:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24436 +#: book.translate.xml:24553 msgid "Once the one-time password is generated, continue to log in." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24441 +#: book.translate.xml:24558 msgid "Generating Multiple One-time Passwords" msgstr "產生多組一次性密碼" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24443 +#: book.translate.xml:24560 msgid "" "Sometimes there is no access to a trusted machine or secure connection. In " "this case, it is possible to use opiekey% opiekey -n 5 30 zz99999\n" @@ -35647,7 +36403,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24458 +#: book.translate.xml:24575 msgid "" "The requests five keys in sequence, and are matched, the default is " "to deny non-OPIE logins." @@ -35701,13 +36457,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:24494 +#: book.translate.xml:24611 msgid "TCP Wrapper" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:24497 book.translate.xml:25342 book.translate.xml:29324 -#: book.translate.xml:41411 book.translate.xml:46088 +#: book.translate.xml:24614 book.translate.xml:25459 book.translate.xml:29441 +#: book.translate.xml:41528 book.translate.xml:46205 msgid "" "TomRhodesWritten by " @@ -35715,12 +36471,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24502 book.translate.xml:53990 +#: book.translate.xml:24619 book.translate.xml:54107 msgid "TCP Wrapper" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24504 +#: book.translate.xml:24621 msgid "" "TCP Wrapper is a host-based access control system " "which extends the abilities of . It can be " @@ -35732,7 +36488,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24512 +#: book.translate.xml:24629 msgid "" "TCP Wrapper should not be considered a " "replacement for a properly configured firewall. Instead, TCP " @@ -35742,12 +36498,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24520 +#: book.translate.xml:24637 msgid "Initial Configuration" msgstr "初始設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24522 +#: book.translate.xml:24639 msgid "" "To enable TCP Wrapper in FreeBSD, add the " "following lines to /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -35754,7 +36510,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24526 +#: book.translate.xml:24643 #, no-wrap msgid "" "inetd_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -35762,12 +36518,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24529 +#: book.translate.xml:24646 msgid "Then, properly configure /etc/hosts.allow." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:24533 +#: book.translate.xml:24650 msgid "" "Unlike other implementations of TCP Wrapper, the " "use of hosts.deny is deprecated in FreeBSD. All " @@ -35776,7 +36532,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24540 +#: book.translate.xml:24657 msgid "" "In the simplest configuration, daemon connection policies are set to either " "permit or block, depending on the options in /etc/hosts.allowdaemon : address : " "action, where daemon is the daemon which " @@ -35799,7 +36555,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24559 +#: book.translate.xml:24676 msgid "" "For example, to allow POP3 connections via the " "mail/qpopper daemon, the following lines should be " @@ -35807,7 +36563,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24564 +#: book.translate.xml:24681 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# This line is required for POP3 connections:\n" @@ -35815,23 +36571,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24567 +#: book.translate.xml:24684 msgid "Whenever this file is edited, restart inetd:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24570 book.translate.xml:34234 +#: book.translate.xml:24687 book.translate.xml:34351 #, no-wrap msgid "# service inetd restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24574 book.translate.xml:49345 +#: book.translate.xml:24691 book.translate.xml:49462 msgid "Advanced Configuration" msgstr "進階設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24576 +#: book.translate.xml:24693 msgid "" "TCP Wrapper provides advanced options to allow " "more control over the way connections are handled. In some cases, it may be " @@ -35844,7 +36600,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24586 +#: book.translate.xml:24703 msgid "" "Suppose that a situation occurs where a connection should be denied yet a " "reason should be sent to the host who attempted to establish that " @@ -35854,7 +36610,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24594 +#: book.translate.xml:24711 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# The rest of the daemons are protected.\n" @@ -35864,7 +36620,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24599 +#: book.translate.xml:24716 msgid "" "In this example, the message You are not allowed to use " "daemon name from hostnamespawn. Like implicitly denies the connection and may be " @@ -35894,7 +36650,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24623 +#: book.translate.xml:24740 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# We do not allow connections from example.com:\n" @@ -35905,7 +36661,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24629 +#: book.translate.xml:24746 msgid "" "This will deny all connection attempts from *.example.com and log the hostname, IP " @@ -35917,7 +36673,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24637 +#: book.translate.xml:24754 msgid "" "To match every instance of a daemon, domain, or IP " "address, use ALL. Another wildcard is PARANOIDPARANOID wildcard will result in denied " "connections if the client or server has a broken DNS " @@ -35945,7 +36701,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24656 +#: book.translate.xml:24773 msgid "" "To learn more about wildcards and their associated functionality, refer to " "hosts_access5hosts.allow." @@ -35960,12 +36716,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:24669 +#: book.translate.xml:24786 msgid "Kerberos" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:24672 +#: book.translate.xml:24789 msgid "" " Tillman Hodgson Contributed by " @@ -35972,7 +36728,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:24682 +#: book.translate.xml:24799 msgid "" " Mark Murray Based on a contribution by " @@ -35979,7 +36735,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24692 +#: book.translate.xml:24809 msgid "" "Kerberos is a network authentication protocol " "which was originally created by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology " @@ -35994,7 +36750,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24706 +#: book.translate.xml:24823 msgid "" "The only function of Kerberos is to provide the " "secure authentication of users and servers on the network. It does not " @@ -36004,7 +36760,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24713 +#: book.translate.xml:24830 msgid "" "The current version of the protocol is version 5, described in RFC 4120. Several free implementations of this protocol are available, " @@ -36023,7 +36779,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24732 +#: book.translate.xml:24849 msgid "" "In Kerberos users and services are identified as " "principals which are contained within an administrative " @@ -36033,7 +36789,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24740 +#: book.translate.xml:24857 msgid "" "This section provides a guide on how to set up Kerberos using the Heimdal distribution included in FreeBSD." @@ -36040,7 +36796,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24744 +#: book.translate.xml:24861 msgid "" "For purposes of demonstrating a Kerberos " "installation, the name spaces will be as follows:" @@ -36047,7 +36803,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:24750 +#: book.translate.xml:24867 msgid "" "The DNS domain (zone) will be example.org." @@ -36054,7 +36810,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:24755 +#: book.translate.xml:24872 msgid "" "The Kerberos realm will be EXAMPLE.ORG." @@ -36061,7 +36817,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:24761 +#: book.translate.xml:24878 msgid "" "Use real domain names when setting up Kerberos, " "even if it will run internally. This avoids DNS problems " @@ -36070,18 +36826,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24769 +#: book.translate.xml:24886 msgid "Setting up a Heimdal KDC" msgstr "設定 Heimdal KDC" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24771 +#: book.translate.xml:24888 msgid "" "Kerberos5 Key Distribution Center" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24776 +#: book.translate.xml:24893 msgid "" "The Key Distribution Center (KDC) is the centralized " "authentication service that Kerberos provides, " @@ -36094,7 +36850,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24788 +#: book.translate.xml:24905 msgid "" "While running a KDC requires few computing resources, a " "dedicated machine acting only as a KDC is recommended for " @@ -36102,7 +36858,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24793 +#: book.translate.xml:24910 msgid "" "To begin setting up a KDC, add these lines to /" "etc/rc.conf:" @@ -36109,7 +36865,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24796 +#: book.translate.xml:24913 #, no-wrap msgid "" "kdc_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -36117,12 +36873,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24799 +#: book.translate.xml:24916 msgid "Next, edit /etc/krb5.conf as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24802 +#: book.translate.xml:24919 #, no-wrap msgid "" "[libdefaults]\n" @@ -36137,7 +36893,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24812 +#: book.translate.xml:24929 msgid "" "In this example, the KDC will use the fully-qualified " "hostname kerberos.example.orgKerberos can also use the DNS " "to locate KDCs, instead of a [realms] section in " @@ -36155,7 +36911,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24824 +#: book.translate.xml:24941 #, no-wrap msgid "" "[libdefaults]\n" @@ -36165,7 +36921,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24829 +#: book.translate.xml:24946 msgid "" "With the following lines being included in the example.org zone file:" @@ -36172,7 +36928,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24833 +#: book.translate.xml:24950 #, no-wrap msgid "" "_kerberos._udp IN SRV 01 00 88 kerberos.example.org.\n" @@ -36183,7 +36939,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:24840 +#: book.translate.xml:24957 msgid "" "In order for clients to be able to find the Kerberos services, they must have either a fully " @@ -36193,7 +36949,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24849 +#: book.translate.xml:24966 msgid "" "Next, create the Kerberos database which contains " "the keys of all principals (users and hosts) encrypted with a master " @@ -36204,7 +36960,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24858 +#: book.translate.xml:24975 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kstash\n" @@ -36213,7 +36969,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24862 +#: book.translate.xml:24979 msgid "" "Once the master key has been created, the database should be initialized. " "The Kerberos administrative tool " @@ -36228,7 +36984,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24873 +#: book.translate.xml:24990 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kadmin -l\n" @@ -36237,7 +36993,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24877 +#: book.translate.xml:24994 msgid "" "Lastly, while still in kadmin, create the first principal " "using add. Stick to the default options for the principal " @@ -36246,7 +37002,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24884 +#: book.translate.xml:25001 #, no-wrap msgid "" "kadmin> add tillman\n" @@ -36258,7 +37014,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24891 +#: book.translate.xml:25008 msgid "" "Next, start the KDC services by running service " "kdc start and service kadmind start. While " @@ -36268,7 +37024,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24899 +#: book.translate.xml:25016 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% kinit tillman\n" @@ -36276,7 +37032,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24902 +#: book.translate.xml:25019 msgid "" "Confirm that a ticket was successfully obtained using klist:" @@ -36283,7 +37039,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24905 +#: book.translate.xml:25022 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% klist\n" @@ -36295,28 +37051,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24912 +#: book.translate.xml:25029 msgid "The temporary ticket can be destroyed when the test is finished:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24915 +#: book.translate.xml:25032 #, no-wrap msgid "% kdestroy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24919 +#: book.translate.xml:25036 msgid "Configuring a Server to Use Kerberos" msgstr "設定伺服器使用 Kerberos" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24922 +#: book.translate.xml:25039 msgid "Kerberos5 enabling services" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24927 +#: book.translate.xml:25044 msgid "" "The first step in configuring a server to use Kerberos authentication is to ensure that it has the correct " @@ -36326,7 +37082,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24934 +#: book.translate.xml:25051 msgid "" "Next, create /etc/krb5.keytab on the server. This is " "the main part of Kerberizing a service — it corresponds to " @@ -36349,7 +37105,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24957 +#: book.translate.xml:25074 msgid "" "Of course, kadmin is a kerberized service; a " "Kerberos ticket is needed to authenticate to the " @@ -36369,7 +37125,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24974 +#: book.translate.xml:25091 msgid "" "After installing /etc/krb5.conf, use add --" "random-key in kadmin. This adds the server's " @@ -36379,7 +37135,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24982 +#: book.translate.xml:25099 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kadmin\n" @@ -36394,7 +37150,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24992 +#: book.translate.xml:25109 msgid "" "Note that ext_keytab stores the extracted key in " "/etc/krb5.keytab by default. This is good when being " @@ -36404,7 +37160,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25000 +#: book.translate.xml:25117 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kadmin\n" @@ -36413,7 +37169,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25004 +#: book.translate.xml:25121 msgid "" "The keytab can then be securely copied to the server using " "scp1KDC using its shared key, stored in krb5.keytab. " @@ -36435,13 +37191,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25020 +#: book.translate.xml:25137 #, no-wrap msgid "GSSAPIAuthentication yes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25022 +#: book.translate.xml:25139 msgid "" "After making this change, sshd8 must be restared for " @@ -36450,17 +37206,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25028 +#: book.translate.xml:25145 msgid "Configuring a Client to Use Kerberos" msgstr "設定客戶端使用 Kerberos" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25031 +#: book.translate.xml:25148 msgid "Kerberos5 configure clients" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25036 +#: book.translate.xml:25153 msgid "" "As it was for the server, the client requires configuration in /" "etc/krb5.conf. Copy the file in place (securely) or re-enter it " @@ -36468,7 +37224,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25040 +#: book.translate.xml:25157 msgid "" "Test the client by using kinit, klist, " "and kdestroy from the client to obtain, show, and then " @@ -36484,7 +37240,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25054 +#: book.translate.xml:25171 msgid "" "When testing a Kerberized application, try using a packet sniffer such as " "tcpdump to confirm that no sensitive information is sent " @@ -36492,7 +37248,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25058 +#: book.translate.xml:25175 msgid "" "Various Kerberos client applications are " "available. With the advent of a bridge so that applications using " @@ -36503,17 +37259,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25066 +#: book.translate.xml:25183 msgid ".k5login" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25070 +#: book.translate.xml:25187 msgid ".k5users" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25074 +#: book.translate.xml:25191 msgid "" "Users within a realm typically have their Kerberos principal mapped to a local user account. Occasionally, one " @@ -36526,7 +37282,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25083 +#: book.translate.xml:25200 msgid "" "The .k5login and .k5users files, " "placed in a user's home directory, can be used to solve this problem. For " @@ -36537,7 +37293,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25091 +#: book.translate.xml:25208 #, no-wrap msgid "" "tillman@example.org\n" @@ -36545,7 +37301,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25094 +#: book.translate.xml:25211 msgid "" "Refer to ksu1 for more information about .k5usersMIT Differences" msgstr "與 MIT 的差異" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25101 +#: book.translate.xml:25218 msgid "" "The major difference between the MIT and Heimdal " "implementations is that kadmin has a different, but " @@ -36569,7 +37325,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25109 +#: book.translate.xml:25226 msgid "" "Client applications may also use slightly different command line options to " "accomplish the same tasks. Following the instructions at KDC on FreeBSD, the " "following edits should also be made to rc.conf:" @@ -36588,7 +37344,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25123 +#: book.translate.xml:25240 #, no-wrap msgid "" "kerberos5_server=\"/usr/local/sbin/krb5kdc\"\n" @@ -36599,12 +37355,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25131 +#: book.translate.xml:25248 msgid "Kerberos Tips, Tricks, and Troubleshooting" msgstr "Kerberos 提示、技巧與疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25134 +#: book.translate.xml:25251 msgid "" "When configuring and troubleshooting Kerberos, " "keep the following points in mind:" @@ -36611,7 +37367,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25140 +#: book.translate.xml:25257 msgid "" "When using either Heimdal or MIT Kerberos from ports, ensure that the PATH lists the " @@ -36619,7 +37375,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25147 +#: book.translate.xml:25264 msgid "" "If all the computers in the realm do not have synchronized time settings, " "authentication may fail. describes how to " @@ -36627,7 +37383,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25154 +#: book.translate.xml:25271 msgid "" "If the hostname is changed, the host/ principal must be changed and the keytab updated. This also " @@ -36637,7 +37393,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25161 +#: book.translate.xml:25278 msgid "" "All hosts in the realm must be both forward and reverse resolvable in " "DNS or, at a minimum, exist in /etc/hostsKDC do " "not set the permissions for ksu to be setuid MIT Kerberos, to allow a " "principal to have a ticket life longer than the default lifetime of ten " @@ -36671,7 +37427,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25195 +#: book.translate.xml:25312 msgid "" "When running a packet sniffer on the KDC to aid in " "troubleshooting while running kinit from a workstation, " @@ -36693,7 +37449,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25222 +#: book.translate.xml:25339 msgid "" "Host principals can have a longer ticket lifetime. If the user principal has " "a lifetime of a week but the host being connected to has a lifetime of nine " @@ -36702,7 +37458,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25230 +#: book.translate.xml:25347 msgid "" "When setting up krb5.dict to prevent specific bad " "passwords from being used as described in " @@ -36714,12 +37470,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25244 +#: book.translate.xml:25361 msgid "Mitigating Kerberos Limitations" msgstr "減輕 Kerberos 的限制" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25247 +#: book.translate.xml:25364 msgid "" "Kerberos5 limitations and shortcomings" @@ -36726,7 +37482,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25252 +#: book.translate.xml:25369 msgid "" "Since Kerberos is an all or nothing approach, " "every service enabled on the network must either be modified to work with " @@ -36738,7 +37494,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25262 +#: book.translate.xml:25379 msgid "" "The KDC is a single point of failure. By design, the " "KDC must be as secure as its master password database. " @@ -36749,7 +37505,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25271 +#: book.translate.xml:25388 msgid "" "A compromised master key is not quite as bad as one might fear. The master " "key is only used to encrypt the Kerberos database " @@ -36759,7 +37515,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25278 +#: book.translate.xml:25395 msgid "" "If the KDC is unavailable, network services are unusable " "as authentication cannot be performed. This can be alleviated with a single " @@ -36769,7 +37525,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25285 +#: book.translate.xml:25402 msgid "" "Kerberos allows users, hosts and services to " "authenticate between themselves. It does not have a mechanism to " @@ -36780,17 +37536,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25296 +#: book.translate.xml:25413 msgid "Resources and Further Information" msgstr "相關資源與延伸資訊" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25298 +#: book.translate.xml:25415 msgid "Kerberos5 external resources" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25305 +#: book.translate.xml:25422 msgid "" " The Kerberos FAQ" @@ -36797,7 +37553,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25311 +#: book.translate.xml:25428 msgid "" "Designing " "an Authentication System: a Dialog in Four Scenes" @@ -36804,7 +37560,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25317 +#: book.translate.xml:25434 msgid "" "RFC " "4120, The Kerberos Network Authentication Service " @@ -36812,7 +37568,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25323 +#: book.translate.xml:25440 msgid "" "MIT " "Kerberos home page" @@ -36819,7 +37575,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25329 +#: book.translate.xml:25446 msgid "" "Heimdal " "Kerberos home page" @@ -36826,17 +37582,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:25339 +#: book.translate.xml:25456 msgid "OpenSSL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25347 +#: book.translate.xml:25464 msgid "security OpenSSL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25352 +#: book.translate.xml:25469 msgid "" "OpenSSL is an open source implementation of the " "SSL and TLS protocols. It provides an " @@ -36845,7 +37601,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25359 +#: book.translate.xml:25476 msgid "" "The version of OpenSSL included in FreeBSD " "supports the Secure Sockets Layer v2/v3 (SSLv2/SSLv3) and Transport Layer " @@ -36854,7 +37610,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25365 +#: book.translate.xml:25482 msgid "" "OpenSSL is often used to encrypt authentication " "of mail clients and to secure web based transactions such as credit card " @@ -36864,7 +37620,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25373 +#: book.translate.xml:25490 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides two versions of OpenSSL: one in " "the base system and one in the Ports Collection. Users can choose which " @@ -36872,7 +37628,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25380 +#: book.translate.xml:25497 msgid "" "WITH_OPENSSL_PORT: when set, the port will use OpenSSL from the security/openssl port, even if the " @@ -36880,7 +37636,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25387 +#: book.translate.xml:25504 msgid "" "WITH_OPENSSL_BASE: when set, the port will compile against " "OpenSSL provided by the base system." @@ -36887,7 +37643,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25393 +#: book.translate.xml:25510 msgid "" "Another common use of OpenSSL is to provide " "certificates for use with software applications. Certificates can be used to " @@ -36902,7 +37658,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25406 +#: book.translate.xml:25523 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to create and use certificates on a FreeBSD " "system. Refer to for an example of how to " @@ -36910,7 +37666,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25411 +#: book.translate.xml:25528 msgid "" "For more information about SSL, read the free OpenSSL " @@ -36918,18 +37674,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25416 +#: book.translate.xml:25533 msgid "Generating Certificates" msgstr "產生憑証" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25418 +#: book.translate.xml:25535 msgid "" "OpenSSL certificate generation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25423 +#: book.translate.xml:25540 msgid "" "To generate a certificate that will be signed by an external CA, issue the following command and input the information requested at " @@ -36942,7 +37698,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25433 +#: book.translate.xml:25550 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# openssl req -new -nodes -out req.pem -keyout cert.key -sha256 -newkey rsa:2048\n" @@ -36973,7 +37729,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25459 +#: book.translate.xml:25576 msgid "" "Other options, such as the expire time and alternate encryption algorithms, " "are available when creating a certificate. A complete list of options is " @@ -36982,7 +37738,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25464 +#: book.translate.xml:25581 msgid "" "This command will create two files in the current directory. The certificate " "request, req.pem, can be sent to a CACA is not required, a " "self-signed certificate can be created. First, generate the RSA# openssl genrsa -rand -genkey -out cert.key 2048\n" @@ -37014,7 +37770,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25486 +#: book.translate.xml:25603 msgid "" "Use this key to create a self-signed certificate. Follow the usual prompts " "for creating a certificate:" @@ -37021,7 +37777,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25489 +#: book.translate.xml:25606 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -key cert.key -out cert.crt -sha256\n" @@ -37042,7 +37798,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25505 +#: book.translate.xml:25622 msgid "" "This will create two new files in the current directory: a private key file " "cert.key, and the certificate itself, cert." @@ -37053,12 +37809,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25516 +#: book.translate.xml:25633 msgid "Using Certificates" msgstr "使用憑證" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25518 +#: book.translate.xml:25635 msgid "" "One use for a certificate is to encrypt connections to the " "Sendmail mail server in order to prevent the use " @@ -37066,7 +37822,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:25523 +#: book.translate.xml:25640 msgid "" "Some mail clients will display an error if the user has not installed a " "local copy of the certificate. Refer to the documentation included with the " @@ -37074,7 +37830,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25529 +#: book.translate.xml:25646 msgid "" "In FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE and above, it is possible to create a self-signed " "certificate for Sendmail automatically. To enable " @@ -37082,7 +37838,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25535 +#: book.translate.xml:25652 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sendmail_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -37091,7 +37847,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25539 +#: book.translate.xml:25656 msgid "" "This will automatically create a self-signed certificate, /etc/" "mail/certs/host.cert, a signing key, /etc/mail/certs/" @@ -37102,13 +37858,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25548 +#: book.translate.xml:25665 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sendmail restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25550 +#: book.translate.xml:25667 msgid "" "If all went well, there will be no error messages in /var/log/" "maillog. For a simple test, connect to the mail server's " @@ -37116,7 +37872,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25555 +#: book.translate.xml:25672 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# telnet example.com 25\n" @@ -37142,7 +37898,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25576 +#: book.translate.xml:25693 msgid "" "If the STARTTLS line appears in the output, everything is " "working correctly." @@ -37149,12 +37905,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:25583 +#: book.translate.xml:25700 msgid "VPN over IPsec" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: affiliation/address -#: book.translate.xml:25593 +#: book.translate.xml:25710 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -37163,7 +37919,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:25587 +#: book.translate.xml:25704 msgid "" " Nik Clayton <_:address-1/> Written by " @@ -37171,7 +37927,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: affiliation/address -#: book.translate.xml:25608 +#: book.translate.xml:25725 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -37180,7 +37936,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:25602 +#: book.translate.xml:25719 msgid "" " Hiten M. Pandya <_:address-1/> Written by " @@ -37188,12 +37944,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25617 +#: book.translate.xml:25734 msgid "IPsec" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25621 +#: book.translate.xml:25738 msgid "" "Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a set of protocols " "which sit on top of the Internet Protocol (IP) layer. It " @@ -37206,22 +37962,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25631 +#: book.translate.xml:25748 msgid "IPsec ESP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25636 +#: book.translate.xml:25753 msgid "IPsec AH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25641 +#: book.translate.xml:25758 msgid "IPsec is comprised of the following sub-protocols:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25646 +#: book.translate.xml:25763 msgid "" "Encapsulated Security Payload (ESP): " "this protocol protects the IP packet data from third " @@ -37230,7 +37986,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25655 +#: book.translate.xml:25772 msgid "" "Authentication Header (AH): this " "protocol protects the IP packet header from third party " @@ -37241,7 +37997,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25667 +#: book.translate.xml:25784 msgid "" "IP Payload Compression Protocol (IPComp): this protocol tries to increase communication performance by " @@ -37250,7 +38006,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25675 +#: book.translate.xml:25792 msgid "" "These protocols can either be used together or separately, depending on the " "environment." @@ -37257,17 +38013,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25678 +#: book.translate.xml:25795 msgid "VPN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25682 +#: book.translate.xml:25799 msgid "virtual private network VPN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25687 +#: book.translate.xml:25804 msgid "" "IPsec supports two modes of operation. The first mode, " "Transport Mode, protects communications between two " @@ -37279,7 +38035,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25696 +#: book.translate.xml:25813 msgid "" "To add IPsec support to the kernel, add the following " "options to the custom kernel configuration file and rebuild the kernel using " @@ -37287,12 +38043,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25700 +#: book.translate.xml:25817 msgid "kernel options IPSEC" msgstr "核心選項 IPSEC" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25705 +#: book.translate.xml:25822 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options IPSEC #IP security\n" @@ -37300,12 +38056,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25708 +#: book.translate.xml:25825 msgid "kernel options IPSEC_DEBUG" msgstr "核心選項 IPSEC_DEBUG" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25713 +#: book.translate.xml:25830 msgid "" "If IPsec debugging support is desired, the following " "kernel option should also be added:" @@ -37312,13 +38068,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25716 +#: book.translate.xml:25833 #, no-wrap msgid "options IPSEC_DEBUG #debug for IP security" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25718 +#: book.translate.xml:25835 msgid "" "This rest of this chapter demonstrates the process of setting up an " "IPsec VPN between a home network and a " @@ -37326,7 +38082,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25725 +#: book.translate.xml:25842 msgid "" "Both sites are connected to the Internet through a gateway that is running " "FreeBSD." @@ -37333,7 +38089,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25730 +#: book.translate.xml:25847 msgid "" "The gateway on each network has at least one external IP " "address. In this example, the corporate LAN's external " @@ -37344,7 +38100,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25739 +#: book.translate.xml:25856 msgid "" "The internal addresses of the two networks can be either public or private " "IP addresses. However, the address space must not " @@ -37357,12 +38113,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:25752 +#: book.translate.xml:25869 msgid "Configuring a VPN on FreeBSD" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 上設定 VPN" #. (itstool) path: affiliation/address -#: book.translate.xml:25761 +#: book.translate.xml:25878 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -37371,7 +38127,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:25755 +#: book.translate.xml:25872 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes <_:address-1/> Written by " @@ -37379,7 +38135,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25770 +#: book.translate.xml:25887 msgid "" "To begin, security/ipsec-tools must be installed from the " "Ports Collection. This software provides a number of applications which " @@ -37387,7 +38143,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25774 +#: book.translate.xml:25891 msgid "" "The next requirement is to create two gif4 pseudo-devices which " @@ -37399,7 +38155,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25782 +#: book.translate.xml:25899 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig gif0 create\n" @@ -37408,7 +38164,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25786 +#: book.translate.xml:25903 msgid "" "Verify the setup on each gateway, using ifconfig. Here is " "the output from Gateway 1:" @@ -37415,7 +38171,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25790 +#: book.translate.xml:25907 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gif0: flags=8051 mtu 1280\n" @@ -37425,12 +38181,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25795 +#: book.translate.xml:25912 msgid "Here is the output from Gateway 2:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25797 +#: book.translate.xml:25914 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gif0: flags=8051 mtu 1280\n" @@ -37440,7 +38196,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25802 +#: book.translate.xml:25919 msgid "" "Once complete, both internal IP addresses should be " "reachable using pingICMP packets from the privately configured addresses. Next, both " @@ -37483,7 +38239,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25833 +#: book.translate.xml:25950 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# corp-net# route add 10.0.0.0 10.0.0.5 255.255.255.0\n" @@ -37493,7 +38249,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25838 +#: book.translate.xml:25955 msgid "" "At this point, internal machines should be reachable from each gateway as " "well as from machines behind the gateways. Again, use " @@ -37502,7 +38258,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25842 +#: book.translate.xml:25959 #, no-wrap msgid "" "corp-net# ping 10.0.0.8\n" @@ -37529,7 +38285,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25864 +#: book.translate.xml:25981 msgid "" "Setting up the tunnels is the easy part. Configuring a secure link is a more " "in depth process. The following configuration uses pre-shared (PSKracoon.conf." @@ -37609,7 +38365,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25933 +#: book.translate.xml:26050 msgid "" "The Security Policy Database (SPD) needs to be configured " "so that FreeBSD and racoon are able to encrypt " @@ -37617,7 +38373,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25938 +#: book.translate.xml:26055 msgid "" "This can be achieved with a shell script, similar to the following, on the " "corporate gateway. This file will be used during system initialization and " @@ -37625,7 +38381,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25943 +#: book.translate.xml:26060 #, no-wrap msgid "" "flush;\n" @@ -37636,7 +38392,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25949 +#: book.translate.xml:26066 msgid "" "Once in place, racoon may be started on both " "gateways using the following command:" @@ -37643,18 +38399,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25952 +#: book.translate.xml:26069 #, no-wrap msgid "# /usr/local/sbin/racoon -F -f /usr/local/etc/racoon/racoon.conf -l /var/log/racoon.log" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25954 +#: book.translate.xml:26071 msgid "The output should be similar to the following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25956 +#: book.translate.xml:26073 #, no-wrap msgid "" "corp-net# /usr/local/sbin/racoon -F -f /usr/local/etc/racoon/racoon.conf\n" @@ -37672,7 +38428,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25969 +#: book.translate.xml:26086 msgid "" "To ensure the tunnel is working properly, switch to another console and use " "tcpdump1# tcpdump -i em0 host 172.16.5.4 and dst 192.168.1.12" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25977 +#: book.translate.xml:26094 msgid "" "Data similar to the following should appear on the console. If not, there is " "an issue and debugging the returned data will be required." @@ -37695,7 +38451,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25981 +#: book.translate.xml:26098 #, no-wrap msgid "" "01:47:32.021683 IP corporatenetwork.com > 192.168.1.12.privatenetwork.com: ESP(spi=0x02acbf9f,seq=0xa)\n" @@ -37704,7 +38460,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25985 +#: book.translate.xml:26102 msgid "" "At this point, both networks should be available and seem to be part of the " "same network. Most likely both networks are protected by a firewall. To " @@ -37715,7 +38471,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25992 +#: book.translate.xml:26109 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ipfw add 00201 allow log esp from any to any\n" @@ -37725,7 +38481,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:25998 +#: book.translate.xml:26115 msgid "" "The rule numbers may need to be altered depending on the current host " "configuration." @@ -37732,7 +38488,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26002 +#: book.translate.xml:26119 msgid "" "For users of pf4 or ipfVPN during system initialization, add the following lines to /" @@ -37765,7 +38521,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26020 +#: book.translate.xml:26137 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ipsec_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -37775,12 +38531,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:26029 +#: book.translate.xml:26146 msgid "OpenSSH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:26032 +#: book.translate.xml:26149 msgid "" "ChernLeeContributed by " @@ -37787,17 +38543,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26038 +#: book.translate.xml:26155 msgid "OpenSSH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26039 +#: book.translate.xml:26156 msgid "security OpenSSH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26044 +#: book.translate.xml:26161 msgid "" "OpenSSH is a set of network connectivity tools " "used to provide secure access to remote machines. Additionally, TCP/" @@ -37808,7 +38564,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26053 +#: book.translate.xml:26170 msgid "" "OpenSSH is maintained by the OpenBSD project and " "is installed by default in FreeBSD. It is compatible with both SSHOpenSSH client" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26081 +#: book.translate.xml:26198 msgid "" "To log into a SSH server, use ssh and " "specify a username that exists on that server and the IP " @@ -37858,7 +38614,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26088 +#: book.translate.xml:26205 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ssh user@example.com\n" @@ -37870,7 +38626,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26095 +#: book.translate.xml:26212 msgid "" "SSH utilizes a key fingerprint system to verify the " "authenticity of the server when the client connects. When the user accepts " @@ -37884,7 +38640,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26107 +#: book.translate.xml:26224 msgid "" "By default, recent versions of OpenSSH only " "accept SSHv2 connections. By default, the client will use " @@ -37896,12 +38652,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26116 +#: book.translate.xml:26233 msgid "OpenSSH secure copy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26120 +#: book.translate.xml:26237 msgid "" "scp1" @@ -37908,7 +38664,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26124 +#: book.translate.xml:26241 msgid "" "Use scp1 to securely copy a file to or from a remote " @@ -37918,7 +38674,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26130 +#: book.translate.xml:26247 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# scp user@example.com:/COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHT\n" @@ -37929,7 +38685,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26136 +#: book.translate.xml:26253 msgid "" "Since the fingerprint was already verified for this host, the server's key " "is automatically checked before prompting for the user's password." @@ -37936,7 +38692,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26140 +#: book.translate.xml:26257 msgid "" "The arguments passed to scp are similar to cp. The file or files to copy is the first argument and the " @@ -37948,7 +38704,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26150 +#: book.translate.xml:26267 msgid "" "To open an interactive session for copying files, use sftp. Refer to sftpRSA authentication " @@ -37972,7 +38728,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26167 +#: book.translate.xml:26284 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh-keygen -t rsa\n" @@ -37999,17 +38755,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:26191 +#: book.translate.xml:26308 msgid "Type a passphrase here. It can contain spaces and symbols." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:26196 +#: book.translate.xml:26313 msgid "Retype the passphrase to verify it." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26201 +#: book.translate.xml:26318 msgid "" "The private key is stored in ~/.ssh/id_rsa and the " "public key is stored in ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The " @@ -38019,7 +38775,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:26212 +#: book.translate.xml:26329 msgid "" "Many users believe that keys are secure by design and will use a key without " "a passphrase. This is dangerous behavior. An " @@ -38033,7 +38789,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26228 +#: book.translate.xml:26345 msgid "" "The options and files vary with different versions of OpenSSH. To avoid problems, consult ssh-" @@ -38041,7 +38797,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26232 +#: book.translate.xml:26349 msgid "" "If a passphrase is used, the user is prompted for the passphrase each time a " "connection is made to the server. To load SSH keys into " @@ -38052,7 +38808,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26238 +#: book.translate.xml:26355 msgid "" "Authentication is handled by ssh-agent, using the private " "keys that are loaded into it. ssh-agent can be used to " @@ -38060,7 +38816,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26244 +#: book.translate.xml:26361 msgid "" "To use ssh-agent in a shell, start it with a shell as an " "argument. Add the identity by running ssh-add and " @@ -38070,7 +38826,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26252 +#: book.translate.xml:26369 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh-agent csh\n" @@ -38081,12 +38837,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:26260 +#: book.translate.xml:26377 msgid "Enter the passphrase for the key." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26264 +#: book.translate.xml:26381 msgid "" "To use ssh-agent in Xorg, add " "an entry for it in ~/.xinitrc. This provides the " @@ -38096,13 +38852,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26271 +#: book.translate.xml:26388 #, no-wrap msgid "exec ssh-agent startxfce4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26273 +#: book.translate.xml:26390 msgid "" "This launches ssh-agent, which in turn launches " "XFCE, every time Xorg " @@ -38112,17 +38868,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:26282 +#: book.translate.xml:26399 msgid "SSH Tunneling" msgstr "SSH 通道" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26284 +#: book.translate.xml:26401 msgid "OpenSSH tunneling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26289 +#: book.translate.xml:26406 msgid "" "OpenSSH has the ability to create a tunnel to " "encapsulate another protocol in an encrypted session." @@ -38129,7 +38885,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26293 +#: book.translate.xml:26410 msgid "" "The following command tells ssh to create a tunnel for " "telnet:" @@ -38136,7 +38892,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26297 +#: book.translate.xml:26414 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh -2 -N -f -L 5023:localhost:23 user@foo.example.com\n" @@ -38144,28 +38900,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26300 +#: book.translate.xml:26417 msgid "This example uses the following options:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:26304 +#: book.translate.xml:26421 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26307 +#: book.translate.xml:26424 msgid "" "Forces ssh to use version 2 to connect to the server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:26313 +#: book.translate.xml:26430 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26316 +#: book.translate.xml:26433 msgid "" "Indicates no command, or tunnel only. If omitted, ssh " "initiates a normal session." @@ -38172,17 +38928,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26326 +#: book.translate.xml:26443 msgid "Forces ssh to run in the background." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:26332 +#: book.translate.xml:26449 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26335 +#: book.translate.xml:26452 msgid "" "Indicates a local tunnel in localport:remotehost:remoteport format." @@ -38189,18 +38945,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:26342 +#: book.translate.xml:26459 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26345 +#: book.translate.xml:26462 msgid "" "The login name to use on the specified remote SSH server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26351 +#: book.translate.xml:26468 msgid "" "An SSH tunnel works by creating a listen socket on " "localhost on the specified localportTCP protocols such as SMTP, POP3, " @@ -38223,12 +38979,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:26370 +#: book.translate.xml:26487 msgid "Create a Secure Tunnel for SMTP" msgstr "建立供 SMTP 使用的安全通道" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26373 +#: book.translate.xml:26490 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh -2 -N -f -L 5025:localhost:25 user@mailserver.example.com\n" @@ -38241,7 +38997,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26381 +#: book.translate.xml:26498 msgid "" "This can be used in conjunction with ssh-keygen and " "additional user accounts to create a more seamless SSH " @@ -38250,12 +39006,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:26390 +#: book.translate.xml:26507 msgid "Secure Access of a POP3 Server" msgstr "安全存取 POP3 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26393 +#: book.translate.xml:26510 msgid "" "In this example, there is an SSH server that accepts " "connections from the outside. On the same network resides a mail server " @@ -38265,7 +39021,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26401 +#: book.translate.xml:26518 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh -2 -N -f -L 2110:mail.example.com:110 user@ssh-server.example.com\n" @@ -38273,7 +39029,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26404 +#: book.translate.xml:26521 msgid "" "Once the tunnel is up and running, point the email client to send " "POP3 requests to localhost on " @@ -38282,12 +39038,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:26412 +#: book.translate.xml:26529 msgid "Bypassing a Firewall" msgstr "跳過防火牆" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26414 +#: book.translate.xml:26531 msgid "" "Some firewalls filter both incoming and outgoing connections. For example, a " "firewall might limit access from remote machines to ports 22 and 80 to only " @@ -38296,7 +39052,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26422 +#: book.translate.xml:26539 msgid "" "The solution is to create an SSH connection to a machine " "outside of the network's firewall and use it to tunnel to the desired " @@ -38304,7 +39060,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26426 +#: book.translate.xml:26543 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh -2 -N -f -L 8888:music.example.com:8000 user@unfirewalled-system.example.org\n" @@ -38312,7 +39068,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26429 +#: book.translate.xml:26546 msgid "" "In this example, a streaming Ogg Vorbis client can now be pointed to " "localhost port 8888, which will be forwarded over " @@ -38321,17 +39077,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:26439 +#: book.translate.xml:26556 msgid "Enabling the SSH Server" msgstr "開啟 SSH 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26441 +#: book.translate.xml:26558 msgid "OpenSSH enabling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26446 +#: book.translate.xml:26563 msgid "" "In addition to providing built-in SSH client utilities, a " "FreeBSD system can be configured as an SSH server, " @@ -38339,7 +39095,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26451 +#: book.translate.xml:26568 msgid "" "To see if sshd is operating, use the " "service8# service sshd status" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26456 +#: book.translate.xml:26573 msgid "" "If the service is not running, add the following line to /etc/rc." "conf." @@ -38360,13 +39116,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26459 +#: book.translate.xml:26576 #, no-wrap msgid "sshd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26461 +#: book.translate.xml:26578 msgid "" "This will start sshd, the daemon program for " "OpenSSH, the next time the system boots. To start " @@ -38374,13 +39130,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26465 +#: book.translate.xml:26582 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26467 +#: book.translate.xml:26584 msgid "" "The first time sshd starts on a FreeBSD system, " "the system's host keys will be automatically created and the fingerprint " @@ -38389,7 +39145,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26473 +#: book.translate.xml:26590 msgid "" "Refer to sshd8 for the list of available options when starting " @@ -38398,7 +39154,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26478 +#: book.translate.xml:26595 msgid "" "At this point, the sshd should be available to " "all users with a username and password on the system." @@ -38405,12 +39161,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:26484 +#: book.translate.xml:26601 msgid "SSH Server Security" msgstr "SSH 伺服器安全性" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26486 +#: book.translate.xml:26603 msgid "" "While sshd is the most widely used remote " "administration facility for FreeBSD, brute force and drive by attacks are " @@ -38420,7 +39176,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26493 +#: book.translate.xml:26610 msgid "" "It is a good idea to limit which users can log into the SSH server and from where using the AllowUsers " @@ -38431,13 +39187,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26501 +#: book.translate.xml:26618 #, no-wrap msgid "AllowUsers root@192.168.1.32" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26503 +#: book.translate.xml:26620 msgid "" "To allow admin to log in from " "anywhere, list that user without specifying an IP address:" @@ -38444,24 +39200,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26507 +#: book.translate.xml:26624 #, no-wrap msgid "AllowUsers admin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26509 +#: book.translate.xml:26626 msgid "Multiple users should be listed on the same line, like so:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26512 +#: book.translate.xml:26629 #, no-wrap msgid "AllowUsers root@192.168.1.32 admin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26514 +#: book.translate.xml:26631 msgid "" "After making changes to /etc/ssh/sshd_config, tell " "sshd to reload its configuration file by running:" @@ -38468,13 +39224,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26519 +#: book.translate.xml:26636 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd reload" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:26522 +#: book.translate.xml:26639 msgid "" "When this keyword is used, it is important to list each user that needs to " "log into this machine. Any user that is not specified in that line will be " @@ -38488,7 +39244,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26534 +#: book.translate.xml:26651 msgid "" "In addition, users may be forced to use two factor authentication via the " "use of a public and private key. When required, the user may generate a key " @@ -38501,13 +39257,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26543 +#: book.translate.xml:26660 #, no-wrap msgid "AuthenticationMethods publickey" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:26546 +#: book.translate.xml:26663 msgid "" "Do not confuse /etc/ssh/sshd_config with /etc/" "ssh/ssh_config (note the extra d in the first " @@ -38518,13 +39274,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:26558 +#: book.translate.xml:26675 msgid "Access Control Lists" msgstr "存取控制清單" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:26561 book.translate.xml:26706 book.translate.xml:26782 -#: book.translate.xml:27102 book.translate.xml:27167 book.translate.xml:27524 +#: book.translate.xml:26678 book.translate.xml:26823 book.translate.xml:26899 +#: book.translate.xml:27219 book.translate.xml:27284 book.translate.xml:27641 msgid "" "TomRhodesContributed by " @@ -38531,12 +39287,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26566 +#: book.translate.xml:26683 msgid "ACL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26570 +#: book.translate.xml:26687 msgid "" "Access Control Lists (ACLs) extend the standard " "UNIX permission model in a " @@ -38546,7 +39302,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26575 +#: book.translate.xml:26692 msgid "" "The FreeBSD GENERIC kernel provides ACL support for UFS file systems. Users who prefer " @@ -38555,13 +39311,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26581 +#: book.translate.xml:26698 #, no-wrap msgid "options UFS_ACL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26583 +#: book.translate.xml:26700 msgid "" "If this option is not compiled in, a warning message will be displayed when " "attempting to mount a file system with ACL support. " @@ -38570,7 +39326,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26589 +#: book.translate.xml:26706 msgid "" "This chapter describes how to enable ACL support and " "provides some usage examples." @@ -38577,12 +39333,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:26594 +#: book.translate.xml:26711 msgid "Enabling ACL Support" msgstr "開啟 ACL 支援" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26596 +#: book.translate.xml:26713 msgid "" "ACLs are enabled by the mount-time administrative flag, " ", which may be added to /etc/fstabmount -u as it requires a complete umount and fresh " @@ -38605,7 +39361,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26617 +#: book.translate.xml:26734 msgid "" "Setting the superblock flag causes the file system to always be mounted with " "ACLs enabled, even if there is not an fstabACLs enabled because nasty things can happen if ACLs " @@ -38628,7 +39384,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26641 +#: book.translate.xml:26758 msgid "" "File systems with ACLs enabled will show a plus (" "+) sign in their permission settings:" @@ -38635,7 +39391,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26645 +#: book.translate.xml:26762 #, no-wrap msgid "" "drwx------ 2 robert robert 512 Dec 27 11:54 private\n" @@ -38646,7 +39402,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26651 +#: book.translate.xml:26768 msgid "" "In this example, directory1, directory2, and directory3 are all taking advantage of " @@ -38654,12 +39410,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:26659 +#: book.translate.xml:26776 msgid "Using ACLs" msgstr "使用 ACL" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26661 +#: book.translate.xml:26778 msgid "" "File system ACLs can be viewed using getfacl. For instance, to view the ACL settings on " @@ -38667,7 +39423,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26666 +#: book.translate.xml:26783 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% getfacl test\n" @@ -38680,7 +39436,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26674 +#: book.translate.xml:26791 msgid "" "To change the ACL settings on this file, use " "setfacl. To remove all of the currently defined " @@ -38690,13 +39446,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26681 +#: book.translate.xml:26798 #, no-wrap msgid "% setfacl -k test" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26683 +#: book.translate.xml:26800 msgid "" "To modify the default ACL entries, use channels, so be careful " @@ -39565,12 +40321,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:27385 +#: book.translate.xml:27502 msgid "sbsize" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:27386 +#: book.translate.xml:27503 msgid "" "The limit on the amount of network memory a user may consume. This can be " "generally used to limit network communications." @@ -39577,12 +40333,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:27392 +#: book.translate.xml:27509 msgid "stacksize" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:27393 +#: book.translate.xml:27510 msgid "" "The maximum size of a process stack. This alone is not sufficient to limit " "the amount of memory a program may use, so it should be used in conjunction " @@ -39590,12 +40346,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27402 +#: book.translate.xml:27519 msgid "There are a few other things to remember when setting resource limits:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27407 +#: book.translate.xml:27524 msgid "" "Processes started at system startup by /etc/rc are " "assigned to the daemon login class." @@ -39602,7 +40358,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27413 +#: book.translate.xml:27530 msgid "" "Although the default /etc/login.conf is a good source " "of reasonable values for most limits, they may not be appropriate for every " @@ -39611,7 +40367,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27422 +#: book.translate.xml:27539 msgid "" "Xorg takes a lot of resources and encourages " "users to run more programs simultaneously." @@ -39618,7 +40374,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27428 +#: book.translate.xml:27545 msgid "" "Many limits apply to individual processes, not the user as a whole. For " "example, setting openfiles to 50 means " @@ -39629,7 +40385,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27439 +#: book.translate.xml:27556 msgid "" "For further information on resource limits and login classes and " "capabilities in general, refer to cap_mkdbrctl support is built into the " "kernel. Previous supported releases will need to be recompiled using the " @@ -39655,7 +40411,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27454 +#: book.translate.xml:27571 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options RACCT\n" @@ -39663,7 +40419,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27457 +#: book.translate.xml:27574 msgid "" "Once the system has rebooted into the new kernel, rctl " "may be used to set rules for the system." @@ -39670,7 +40426,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27461 +#: book.translate.xml:27578 msgid "" "Rule syntax is controlled through the use of a subject, subject-id, " "resource, and action, as seen in this example rule:" @@ -39677,13 +40433,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27465 +#: book.translate.xml:27582 #, no-wrap msgid "user:trhodes:maxproc:deny=10/user" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27467 +#: book.translate.xml:27584 msgid "" "In this rule, the subject is user, the subject-id is " "trhodes, the resource, maxproc, is the " @@ -39697,7 +40453,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27478 +#: book.translate.xml:27595 msgid "" "Some care must be taken when adding rules. Since this user is constrained to " "10 processes, this example will prevent the user from " @@ -39707,7 +40463,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27485 +#: book.translate.xml:27602 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% man test\n" @@ -39716,7 +40472,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27489 +#: book.translate.xml:27606 msgid "" "As another example, a jail can be prevented from exceeding a memory limit. " "This rule could be written as:" @@ -39723,13 +40479,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27492 +#: book.translate.xml:27609 #, no-wrap msgid "# rctl -a jail:httpd:memoryuse:deny=2G/jail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27494 +#: book.translate.xml:27611 msgid "" "Rules will persist across reboots if they have been added to /etc/" "rctl.conf. The format is a rule, without the preceding command. " @@ -39737,7 +40493,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27499 +#: book.translate.xml:27616 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Block jail from using more than 2G memory:\n" @@ -39745,19 +40501,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27502 +#: book.translate.xml:27619 msgid "" "To remove a rule, use rctl to remove it from the list:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27505 +#: book.translate.xml:27622 #, no-wrap msgid "# rctl -r user:trhodes:maxproc:deny=10/user" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27507 +#: book.translate.xml:27624 msgid "" "A method for removing all rules is documented in " "rctl8# rctl -r user:trhodes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27513 +#: book.translate.xml:27630 msgid "" "Many other resources exist which can be used to exert additional control " "over various subjects. See " @@ -39781,17 +40537,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:27521 +#: book.translate.xml:27638 msgid "Shared Administration with Sudo" msgstr "使用 Sudo 分享管理權限" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:27529 +#: book.translate.xml:27646 msgid "Security Sudo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27534 +#: book.translate.xml:27651 msgid "" "System administrators often need the ability to grant enhanced permissions " "to users so they may perform privileged tasks. The idea that team members " @@ -39804,7 +40560,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27545 +#: book.translate.xml:27662 msgid "" "Up to this point, the security chapter has covered permitting access to " "authorized users and attempting to prevent unauthorized access. Another " @@ -39820,7 +40576,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27557 +#: book.translate.xml:27674 msgid "" "Sudo allows administrators to configure more " "rigid access to system commands and provide for some advanced logging " @@ -39832,13 +40588,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27564 +#: book.translate.xml:27681 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install sudo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27566 +#: book.translate.xml:27683 msgid "" "After the installation is complete, the installed visudo " "will open the configuration file with a text editor. Using visudowebservice using this " "command:" @@ -39871,13 +40627,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27586 +#: book.translate.xml:27703 #, no-wrap msgid "% sudo /usr/sbin/service webservice start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27588 +#: book.translate.xml:27705 msgid "" "While this configuration allows a single user access to the " "webservice service; however, in most " @@ -39888,13 +40644,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27596 +#: book.translate.xml:27713 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupadd -g 6001 -n webteam" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27598 +#: book.translate.xml:27715 msgid "" "Using the same pw8 command, the user is added to the webteam group:" @@ -39901,13 +40657,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27601 +#: book.translate.xml:27718 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod -m user1 -n webteam" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27603 +#: book.translate.xml:27720 msgid "" "Finally, this line in /usr/local/etc/sudoers allows any " "member of the webteam group to manage webservice:" @@ -39914,13 +40670,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27608 +#: book.translate.xml:27725 #, no-wrap msgid "%webteam ALL=(ALL) /usr/sbin/service webservice *" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27610 +#: book.translate.xml:27727 msgid "" "Unlike su1, Sudo only requires the " @@ -39929,7 +40685,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27615 +#: book.translate.xml:27732 msgid "" "Users permitted to run applications with Sudo " "only enter their own passwords. This is more secure and gives better control " @@ -39940,7 +40696,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:27624 +#: book.translate.xml:27741 msgid "" "Most organizations are moving or have moved toward a two factor " "authentication model. In these cases, the user may not have a password to " @@ -39951,18 +40707,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27633 +#: book.translate.xml:27750 #, no-wrap msgid "%webteam ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/service webservice *" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:27637 +#: book.translate.xml:27754 msgid "Logging Output" msgstr "記錄輸出" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27639 +#: book.translate.xml:27756 msgid "" "An advantage to implementing Sudo is the ability " "to enable session logging. Using the built in log mechanisms and the " @@ -39975,13 +40731,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27651 +#: book.translate.xml:27768 #, no-wrap msgid "Defaults iolog_dir=/var/log/sudo-io/%{user}" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:27654 +#: book.translate.xml:27771 msgid "" "This directory will be created automatically after the logging is " "configured. It is best to let the system create directory with default " @@ -39992,7 +40748,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27663 +#: book.translate.xml:27780 msgid "" "Once this directive has been added to the sudoers file, " "any user configuration can be updated with the request to log access. In the " @@ -40001,13 +40757,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27669 +#: book.translate.xml:27786 #, no-wrap msgid "%webteam ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: LOG_INPUT: LOG_OUTPUT: /usr/sbin/service webservice *" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27671 +#: book.translate.xml:27788 msgid "" "From this point on, all webteam members altering " "the status of the webservice application will be " @@ -40015,13 +40771,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27677 +#: book.translate.xml:27794 #, no-wrap msgid "# sudoreplay -l" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27679 +#: book.translate.xml:27796 msgid "" "In the output, to replay a specific session, search for the TSID= entry, and pass that to sudoreplay with " @@ -40029,13 +40785,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27684 +#: book.translate.xml:27801 #, no-wrap msgid "# sudoreplay user1/00/00/02" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:27687 +#: book.translate.xml:27804 msgid "" "While sessions are logged, any administrator is able to remove sessions and " "leave only a question of why they had done so. It is worthwhile to add a " @@ -40045,7 +40801,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27695 +#: book.translate.xml:27812 msgid "" "The sudoreplay is extremely extendable. Consult the " "documentation for more information." @@ -40052,12 +40808,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:27709 +#: book.translate.xml:27826 msgid "Jails" msgstr "Jail" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:27712 +#: book.translate.xml:27829 msgid "" "MatteoRiondatoContributed by " @@ -40064,12 +40820,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:27717 +#: book.translate.xml:27834 msgid "jails" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27722 +#: book.translate.xml:27839 msgid "" "Since system administration is a difficult task, many tools have been " "developed to make life easier for the administrator. These tools often " @@ -40085,7 +40841,7 @@ "用並持續強化它的功能、效率、穩定性以及安全性。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27731 +#: book.translate.xml:27848 msgid "" "Jails build upon the chroot2 concept, which is used " @@ -40108,7 +40864,7 @@ "經被找到，讓這個方法不再是確保服務安全的理想方案。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27744 +#: book.translate.xml:27861 msgid "" "Jails improve on the concept of the traditional chroot environment in " "several ways. In a traditional chroot environment, processes are only " @@ -40127,12 +40883,12 @@ "方式，Jail 可算是一種作業系統層級的虛擬化。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27756 +#: book.translate.xml:27873 msgid "A jail is characterized by four elements:" msgstr "Jail 的四個要素：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27760 +#: book.translate.xml:27877 msgid "" "A directory subtree: the starting point from which a jail is entered. Once " "inside the jail, a process is not permitted to escape outside of this " @@ -40142,12 +40898,12 @@ "錄之外。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27766 +#: book.translate.xml:27883 msgid "A hostname: which will be used by the jail." msgstr "一個主機名稱：將會由 Jail 所使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27770 +#: book.translate.xml:27887 msgid "" "An IP address: which is assigned to the jail. The " "IP address of a jail is often an alias address for an " @@ -40157,7 +40913,7 @@ "acronym> 位址通常是現有網路介面的別名位址。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27777 +#: book.translate.xml:27894 msgid "" "A command: the path name of an executable to run inside the jail. The path " "is relative to the root directory of the jail environment." @@ -40166,7 +40922,7 @@ "路徑。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27783 +#: book.translate.xml:27900 msgid "" "Jails have their own set of users and their own root account which are limited to the jail environment. The " @@ -40179,7 +40935,7 @@ "systemitem> 帳號不允許對指定 Jail 環境之外的系統執行操作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27788 +#: book.translate.xml:27905 msgid "" "This chapter provides an overview of the terminology and commands for " "managing FreeBSD jails. Jails are a powerful tool for both system " @@ -40189,23 +40945,23 @@ "來二者來說皆是強大的工具。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27796 +#: book.translate.xml:27913 msgid "What a jail is and what purpose it may serve in FreeBSD installations." msgstr "Jail 是什麼及它在 FreeBSD 中提供的目的。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27801 +#: book.translate.xml:27918 msgid "How to build, start, and stop a jail." msgstr "如何建立、啟動及停止 Jail。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27805 +#: book.translate.xml:27922 msgid "" "The basics of jail administration, both from inside and outside the jail." msgstr "Jail 管理基礎，不論從內部或外部。" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:27811 +#: book.translate.xml:27928 msgid "" "Jails are a powerful tool, but they are not a security panacea. While it is " "not possible for a jailed process to break out on its own, there are several " @@ -40218,7 +40974,7 @@ "使用者串通來取得主機環境的更高權限。" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:27818 +#: book.translate.xml:27935 msgid "" "Most of these attacks can be mitigated by ensuring that the jail root is not " "accessible to unprivileged users in the host environment. As a general rule, " @@ -40229,12 +40985,12 @@ "上，不受信任的使用者有 Jail 的存取權限並不會讓其可存取主機環境。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:27827 +#: book.translate.xml:27944 msgid "Terms Related to Jails" msgstr "Jail 相關術語" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27829 +#: book.translate.xml:27946 msgid "" "To facilitate better understanding of parts of the FreeBSD system related to " "jails, their internals and the way they interact with the rest of FreeBSD, " @@ -40244,7 +41000,7 @@ "互作用關係， 以下列出本章將使用的術語：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27836 +#: book.translate.xml:27953 msgid "" "chroot8 (command)" @@ -40253,7 +41009,7 @@ "citerefentry> (指令)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27838 +#: book.translate.xml:27955 msgid "" "Utility, which uses chroot2 FreeBSD system call to " @@ -40264,7 +41020,7 @@ "(System call) 來更改程予及其衍伸程序的根目錄。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27845 +#: book.translate.xml:27962 msgid "" "chroot2 (environment)" @@ -40273,7 +41029,7 @@ "citerefentry> (環境)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27847 +#: book.translate.xml:27964 msgid "" "The environment of processes running in a chroot. This " "includes resources such as the part of the file system which is visible, " @@ -40284,7 +41040,7 @@ "統、可用的使用者及群組 ID、網路介面及其他 IPC 機制等。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27856 +#: book.translate.xml:27973 msgid "" "jail8 (command)" @@ -40293,7 +41049,7 @@ "citerefentry> (指令)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27858 +#: book.translate.xml:27975 msgid "" "The system administration utility which allows launching of processes within " "a jail environment." @@ -40300,12 +41056,12 @@ msgstr "允許在 Jail 環境下執行程序的系統管理工具。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27864 +#: book.translate.xml:27981 msgid "host (system, process, user, etc.)" msgstr "主機 (系統、程序、使用者等)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27866 +#: book.translate.xml:27983 msgid "" "The controlling system of a jail environment. The host system has access to " "all the hardware resources available, and can control processes both outside " @@ -40318,12 +41074,12 @@ "像在 Jail 環境那樣受到限制。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27878 +#: book.translate.xml:27995 msgid "hosted (system, process, user, etc.)" msgstr "託管 (主機、程序、使用者等)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27880 +#: book.translate.xml:27997 msgid "" "A process, user or other entity, whose access to resources is restricted by " "a FreeBSD jail." @@ -40330,12 +41086,12 @@ msgstr "存取資源受到 FreeBSD Jail 限制的託管程序、使用者或其他實體。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:27888 +#: book.translate.xml:28005 msgid "Creating and Controlling Jails" msgstr "建立和控制 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27890 +#: book.translate.xml:28007 msgid "" "Some administrators divide jails into the following two types: " "complete jails, which resemble a real FreeBSD system, and " @@ -40353,7 +41109,7 @@ "先編譯的 Binary (如安裝媒體上提供的 Binary) 或從原始碼編譯。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27900 +#: book.translate.xml:28017 msgid "" "To install the userland from installation media, first create the root " "directory for the jail. This can be done by setting the DESTDIRDESTDIR 來到適當的位置來完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27905 +#: book.translate.xml:28022 msgid "Start a shell and define DESTDIR:" msgstr "啟動 Shell 並定義 DESTDIR：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27907 +#: book.translate.xml:28024 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sh\n" @@ -40376,7 +41132,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27910 +#: book.translate.xml:28027 msgid "" "Mount the install media as covered in mdconfig8 when using the install " @@ -40386,13 +41142,13 @@ "refentrytitle>8 中的說明掛載安裝媒體：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27913 +#: book.translate.xml:28030 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount -t cd9660 /dev/`mdconfig -f cdimage.iso` /mnt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27915 +#: book.translate.xml:28032 msgid "" "Extract the binaries from the tarballs on the install media into the " "declared destination. Minimally, only the base set needs to be extracted, " @@ -40402,29 +41158,29 @@ "的部份，若需要也可完整安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27920 +#: book.translate.xml:28037 msgid "To install just the base system:" msgstr "只安裝基礎系統 (Base system)：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27922 +#: book.translate.xml:28039 #, no-wrap msgid "# tar -xf /mnt/usr/freebsd-dist/base.txz -C $DESTDIR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27924 +#: book.translate.xml:28041 msgid "To install everything except the kernel:" msgstr "安裝全部不含核心：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27926 +#: book.translate.xml:28043 #, no-wrap msgid "# for sets in BASE PORTS; do tar -xf /mnt/FREEBSD_INSTALL/USR/FREEBSD_DIST/$sets.TXZ -C $DESTDIR ; done" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27928 +#: book.translate.xml:28045 msgid "" "The jail8 manual page explains the procedure for building a " @@ -40434,7 +41190,7 @@ "manvolnum> 操作手冊說明的程序建置 Jail：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27931 +#: book.translate.xml:28048 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# setenv D /here/is/the/jail\n" @@ -40447,7 +41203,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:27941 +#: book.translate.xml:28058 msgid "" "Selecting a location for a jail is the best starting point. This is where " "the jail will physically reside within the file system of the jail's host. A " @@ -40466,7 +41222,7 @@ "案。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:27954 +#: book.translate.xml:28071 msgid "" "If you have already rebuilt your userland using make world or make buildworld, you can skip this step and " @@ -40477,7 +41233,7 @@ "到新的 Jail。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:27961 +#: book.translate.xml:28078 msgid "" "This command will populate the directory subtree chosen as jail's physical " "location on the file system with the necessary binaries, libraries, manual " @@ -40487,12 +41243,12 @@ "庫、操作手冊與相關檔案。" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:27968 +#: book.translate.xml:28085 msgid "distribution" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:27968 +#: book.translate.xml:28085 msgid "" "The <_:buildtarget-1/> target for make installs " "every needed configuration file. In simple words, it installs every " @@ -40506,7 +41262,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:27979 +#: book.translate.xml:28096 msgid "" "Mounting the devfs8 file system inside a jail is not required. On the " @@ -40531,7 +41287,7 @@ "refentrytitle>5 操作手冊中有詳細說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27991 +#: book.translate.xml:28108 msgid "" "Once a jail is installed, it can be started by using the " "jail8rc " "mechanism provides an easy way to do this." @@ -40567,7 +41323,7 @@ "簡單的達成這件事。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28010 +#: book.translate.xml:28127 msgid "" "A list of the jails which are enabled to start at boot time should be added " "to the rc.conf55 檔案中：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28013 +#: book.translate.xml:28130 #, no-wrap msgid "" "jail_enable=\"YES\" # Set to NO to disable starting of any jails\n" @@ -40585,7 +41341,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:28017 +#: book.translate.xml:28134 msgid "" "Jail names in jail_list should contain alphanumeric " "characters only." @@ -40592,7 +41348,7 @@ msgstr "在 jail_list 中的 Jail 名稱只允許使用英數字元。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28023 +#: book.translate.xml:28140 msgid "" "For each jail listed in jail_list, a group of " "rc.conf5 設定來描述指定的 Jail：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28027 +#: book.translate.xml:28144 #, no-wrap msgid "" "jail_www_rootdir=\"/usr/jail/www\" # jail's root directory\n" @@ -40614,7 +41370,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28032 +#: book.translate.xml:28149 msgid "" "The default startup of jails configured in rc." "conf5, will run the " @@ -40631,7 +41387,7 @@ "修改預設啟動的指令。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:28041 +#: book.translate.xml:28158 msgid "" "For a full list of available options, please see the " "rc.conf55 操作手冊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28047 +#: book.translate.xml:28164 msgid "" "service8 can be used to start or stop a jail by hand, if an " @@ -40652,7 +41408,7 @@ "manvolnum> 來啟動或停止 Jail：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28051 +#: book.translate.xml:28168 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service jail start www\n" @@ -40660,7 +41416,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28054 +#: book.translate.xml:28171 msgid "" "Jails can be shut down with jexec8. Use " @@ -40677,7 +41433,7 @@ "citerefentry> 在該 Jail 中執行關機 Script。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28058 +#: book.translate.xml:28175 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# jls\n" @@ -40687,7 +41443,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28063 +#: book.translate.xml:28180 msgid "" "More information about this can be found in the " "jail88 操作手冊取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:28068 +#: book.translate.xml:28185 msgid "Fine Tuning and Administration" msgstr "調校與管理" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28070 +#: book.translate.xml:28187 msgid "" "There are several options which can be set for any jail, and various ways of " "combining a host FreeBSD system with jails, to produce higher level " @@ -40712,7 +41468,7 @@ "的方法來提供更高層級的應用程式使用。 本節將介紹：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28077 +#: book.translate.xml:28194 msgid "" "Some of the options available for tuning the behavior and security " "restrictions implemented by a jail installation." @@ -40719,7 +41475,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28083 +#: book.translate.xml:28200 msgid "" "Some of the high-level applications for jail management, which are available " "through the FreeBSD Ports Collection, and can be used to implement overall " @@ -40727,12 +41483,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28091 +#: book.translate.xml:28208 msgid "System Tools for Jail Tuning in FreeBSD" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 中調校 Jail 的系統工具" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28093 +#: book.translate.xml:28210 msgid "" "Fine tuning of a jail's configuration is mostly done by setting " "sysctl8security.jail.set_hostname_allowed: 1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28110 +#: book.translate.xml:28227 msgid "security.jail.socket_unixiproute_only: 1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28115 +#: book.translate.xml:28232 msgid "security.jail.sysvipc_allowed: 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28120 +#: book.translate.xml:28237 msgid "security.jail.enforce_statfs: 2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28125 +#: book.translate.xml:28242 msgid "security.jail.allow_raw_sockets: 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28130 +#: book.translate.xml:28247 msgid "security.jail.chflags_allowed: 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28135 +#: book.translate.xml:28252 msgid "security.jail.jailed: 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28139 +#: book.translate.xml:28256 msgid "" "These variables can be used by the system administrator of the " "host system to add or remove some of the limitations " @@ -40800,7 +41556,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28151 +#: book.translate.xml:28268 msgid "" "The base system of FreeBSD contains a basic set of tools for viewing " "information about the active jails, and attaching to a jail to run " @@ -40812,7 +41568,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28159 +#: book.translate.xml:28276 msgid "" "Print a list of active jails and their corresponding jail identifier " "(JID), IP address, hostname and path." @@ -40819,7 +41575,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28165 +#: book.translate.xml:28282 msgid "" "Attach to a running jail, from its host system, and run a command inside the " "jail or perform administrative tasks inside the jail itself. This is " @@ -40831,18 +41587,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28173 +#: book.translate.xml:28290 #, no-wrap msgid "# jexec 1 tcsh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28179 +#: book.translate.xml:28296 msgid "High-Level Administrative Tools in the FreeBSD Ports Collection" msgstr "在 FreeBSD Port 套件集中的高層級管理工具" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28182 +#: book.translate.xml:28299 msgid "" "Among the many third-party utilities for jail administration, one of the " "most complete and useful is sysutils/ezjail. It is a set " @@ -40854,12 +41610,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28192 +#: book.translate.xml:28309 msgid "Keeping Jails Patched and up to Date" msgstr "持續 Jail 的修補與更新" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28194 +#: book.translate.xml:28311 msgid "" "Jails should be kept up to date from the host operating system as attempting " "to patch userland from within the jail may likely fail as the default " @@ -40873,7 +41629,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28203 +#: book.translate.xml:28320 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# freebsd-update -b /here/is/the/jail fetch\n" @@ -40881,12 +41637,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:28210 +#: book.translate.xml:28327 msgid "Updating Multiple Jails" msgstr "更新多個 Jail" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:28213 book.translate.xml:34508 book.translate.xml:34843 +#: book.translate.xml:28330 book.translate.xml:34625 book.translate.xml:34960 msgid "" " Daniel Gerzo Contributed by " @@ -40893,7 +41649,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:28222 +#: book.translate.xml:28339 msgid "" " Simon L. B. Nielsen Based upon an idea presented by " @@ -40900,7 +41656,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:28231 +#: book.translate.xml:28348 msgid "" " Ken Tom " "And an article written by " @@ -40907,7 +41663,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28241 +#: book.translate.xml:28358 msgid "" "The management of multiple jails can become problematic because every jail " "has to be rebuilt from scratch whenever it is upgraded. This can be time " @@ -40915,7 +41671,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28246 +#: book.translate.xml:28363 msgid "" "This section demonstrates one method to resolve this issue by safely sharing " "as much as is possible between jails using read-only " @@ -40927,7 +41683,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:28256 +#: book.translate.xml:28373 msgid "" "Simpler solutions exist, such as ezjail, which " "provides an easier method of administering FreeBSD jails but is less " @@ -40936,12 +41692,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28263 +#: book.translate.xml:28380 msgid "The goals of the setup described in this section are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28267 +#: book.translate.xml:28384 msgid "" "Create a simple and easy to understand jail structure that does not require " "running a full installworld on each and every jail." @@ -40948,22 +41704,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28273 +#: book.translate.xml:28390 msgid "Make it easy to add new jails or remove existing ones." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28278 +#: book.translate.xml:28395 msgid "Make it easy to update or upgrade existing jails." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28282 +#: book.translate.xml:28399 msgid "Make it possible to run a customized FreeBSD branch." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28286 +#: book.translate.xml:28403 msgid "" "Be paranoid about security, reducing as much as possible the possibility of " "compromise." @@ -40970,12 +41726,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28291 +#: book.translate.xml:28408 msgid "Save space and inodes, as much as possible." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28295 +#: book.translate.xml:28412 msgid "" "This design relies on a single, read-only master template which is mounted " "into each jail and one read-write device per jail. A device can be a " @@ -40984,23 +41740,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28301 +#: book.translate.xml:28418 msgid "The file system layout is as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28305 +#: book.translate.xml:28422 msgid "The jails are based under the /home partition." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28310 +#: book.translate.xml:28427 msgid "" "Each jail will be mounted under the /home/j directory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28315 +#: book.translate.xml:28432 msgid "" "The template for each jail and the read-only partition for all of the jails " "is /home/j/mroot." @@ -41007,7 +41763,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28321 +#: book.translate.xml:28438 msgid "" "A blank directory will be created for each jail under the /home/j directory." @@ -41014,7 +41770,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28326 +#: book.translate.xml:28443 msgid "" "Each jail will have a /s directory that will be linked " "to the read-write portion of the system." @@ -41021,7 +41777,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28332 +#: book.translate.xml:28449 msgid "" "Each jail will have its own read-write system that is based upon /" "home/j/skel." @@ -41028,7 +41784,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28337 +#: book.translate.xml:28454 msgid "" "The read-write portion of each jail will be created in /home/js." @@ -41035,17 +41791,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28345 +#: book.translate.xml:28462 msgid "Creating the Template" msgstr "建立範本" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28347 +#: book.translate.xml:28464 msgid "This section describes the steps needed to create the master template." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28350 +#: book.translate.xml:28467 msgid "" "It is recommended to first update the host FreeBSD system to the latest -" "RELEASE branch using the instructions in . " @@ -41055,7 +41811,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28358 +#: book.translate.xml:28475 msgid "" "First, create a directory structure for the read-only file system which will " "contain the FreeBSD binaries for the jails. Then, change directory to the " @@ -41064,7 +41820,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28364 +#: book.translate.xml:28481 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /home/j /home/j/mroot\n" @@ -41073,7 +41829,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28370 +#: book.translate.xml:28487 msgid "" "Next, prepare a FreeBSD Ports Collection for the jails as well as a FreeBSD " "source tree, which is required for mergemaster:" @@ -41080,7 +41836,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28374 +#: book.translate.xml:28491 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /home/j/mroot\n" @@ -41090,12 +41846,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28381 +#: book.translate.xml:28498 msgid "Create a skeleton for the read-write portion of the system:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28384 +#: book.translate.xml:28501 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /home/j/skel /home/j/skel/home /home/j/skel/usr-X11R6 /home/j/skel/distfiles\n" @@ -41107,7 +41863,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28393 +#: book.translate.xml:28510 msgid "" "Use mergemaster to install missing configuration " "files. Then, remove the extra directories that mergemaster# mergemaster -t /home/j/skel/var/tmp/temproot -D /home/j/skel -i\n" @@ -41124,7 +41880,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28404 +#: book.translate.xml:28521 msgid "" "Now, symlink the read-write file system to the read-only file system. Ensure " "that the symlinks are created in the correct s/ " @@ -41133,7 +41889,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28410 +#: book.translate.xml:28527 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /home/j/mroot\n" @@ -41149,7 +41905,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28423 +#: book.translate.xml:28540 msgid "" "As a last step, create a generic /home/j/skel/etc/make.conf containing this line:" @@ -41156,13 +41912,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28427 +#: book.translate.xml:28544 #, no-wrap msgid "WRKDIRPREFIX?= /s/portbuild" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28429 +#: book.translate.xml:28546 msgid "" "This makes it possible to compile FreeBSD ports inside each jail. Remember " "that the ports directory is part of the read-only system. The custom path " @@ -41171,12 +41927,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28439 +#: book.translate.xml:28556 msgid "Creating Jails" msgstr "建立 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28441 +#: book.translate.xml:28558 msgid "" "The jail template can now be used to setup and configure the jails in " "/etc/rc.conf. This example demonstrates the creation of " @@ -41185,7 +41941,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28448 +#: book.translate.xml:28565 msgid "" "Add the following lines to /etc/fstab, so that the read-" "only template for the jails and the read-write space will be available in " @@ -41193,7 +41949,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28453 +#: book.translate.xml:28570 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/home/j/mroot /home/j/ns nullfs ro 0 0\n" @@ -41205,7 +41961,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28460 +#: book.translate.xml:28577 msgid "" "To prevent fsck from checking " "nullfs mounts during boot and dump/etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28472 +#: book.translate.xml:28589 #, no-wrap msgid "" "jail_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -41240,7 +41996,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28488 +#: book.translate.xml:28605 msgid "" "The jail_name_rootdir variable " "is set to /usr/home instead of /home# mkdir /home/j/ns /home/j/mail /home/j/www" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28509 +#: book.translate.xml:28626 msgid "" "Install the read-write template into each jail using sysutils/" "cpdup:" @@ -41271,7 +42027,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28516 +#: book.translate.xml:28633 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /home/js\n" @@ -41281,7 +42037,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28523 +#: book.translate.xml:28640 msgid "" "In this phase, the jails are built and prepared to run. First, mount the " "required file systems for each jail, and then start them:" @@ -41288,7 +42044,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28527 book.translate.xml:28636 +#: book.translate.xml:28644 book.translate.xml:28753 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mount -a\n" @@ -41296,7 +42052,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28532 +#: book.translate.xml:28649 msgid "" "The jails should be running now. To check if they have started correctly, " "use jls. Its output should be similar to the following:" @@ -41303,7 +42059,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28536 +#: book.translate.xml:28653 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# jls\n" @@ -41314,7 +42070,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28542 +#: book.translate.xml:28659 msgid "" "At this point, it should be possible to log onto each jail, add new users, " "or configure daemons. The JID column indicates the jail " @@ -41324,18 +42080,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28549 +#: book.translate.xml:28666 #, no-wrap msgid "# jexec 3 tcsh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28553 +#: book.translate.xml:28670 msgid "Upgrading" msgstr "升級" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28555 +#: book.translate.xml:28672 msgid "" "The design of this setup provides an easy way to upgrade existing jails " "while minimizing their downtime. Also, it provides a way to roll back to the " @@ -41343,7 +42099,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28562 +#: book.translate.xml:28679 msgid "" "The first step is to upgrade the host system. Then, create a new temporary " "read-only template in /home/j/mroot2." @@ -41350,7 +42106,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28566 +#: book.translate.xml:28683 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /home/j/mroot2\n" @@ -41362,13 +42118,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:28573 book.translate.xml:28784 book.translate.xml:45304 -#: book.translate.xml:45308 book.translate.xml:45454 book.translate.xml:45490 +#: book.translate.xml:28690 book.translate.xml:28901 book.translate.xml:45421 +#: book.translate.xml:45425 book.translate.xml:45571 book.translate.xml:45607 msgid "installworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28573 +#: book.translate.xml:28690 msgid "" "The <_:buildtarget-1/> creates a few unnecessary directories, which should " "be removed:" @@ -41375,7 +42131,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28577 +#: book.translate.xml:28694 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chflags -R 0 var\n" @@ -41383,12 +42139,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28582 +#: book.translate.xml:28699 msgid "Recreate the read-write symlinks for the master file system:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28585 +#: book.translate.xml:28702 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ln -s s/etc etc\n" @@ -41401,18 +42157,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28595 +#: book.translate.xml:28712 msgid "Next, stop the jails:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28597 +#: book.translate.xml:28714 #, no-wrap msgid "# service jail stop" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28601 +#: book.translate.xml:28718 msgid "" "Unmount the original file systems as the read-write systems are attached to " "the read-only system (/s):" @@ -41419,7 +42175,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28608 +#: book.translate.xml:28725 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# umount /home/j/ns/s\n" @@ -41431,7 +42187,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28617 +#: book.translate.xml:28734 msgid "" "Move the old read-only file system and replace it with the new one. This " "will serve as a backup and archive of the old read-only file system should " @@ -41441,7 +42197,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28625 +#: book.translate.xml:28742 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /home/j\n" @@ -41451,7 +42207,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28632 +#: book.translate.xml:28749 msgid "" "At this point the new read-only template is ready, so the only remaining " "task is to remount the file systems and start the jails:" @@ -41458,7 +42214,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28641 +#: book.translate.xml:28758 msgid "" "Use jls to check if the jails started correctly. Run " "mergemaster in each jail to update the configuration " @@ -41466,12 +42222,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:28649 +#: book.translate.xml:28766 msgid "Managing Jails with ezjail" msgstr "使用 ezjail 管理 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28662 +#: book.translate.xml:28779 msgid "" "Creating and managing multiple jails can quickly become tedious and error-" "prone. Dirk Engling's ezjail automates and " @@ -41485,7 +42241,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28673 +#: book.translate.xml:28790 msgid "" "Additional benefits and features are described in detail on the " "ezjail web site, ezjail" msgstr "安裝 ezjail" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28679 +#: book.translate.xml:28796 msgid "" "Installing ezjail consists of adding a loopback " "interface for use in jails, installing the port or package, and enabling the " @@ -41506,7 +42262,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28685 +#: book.translate.xml:28802 msgid "" "To keep jail loopback traffic off the host's loopback network interface " "lo0, a second loopback interface is created by adding an " @@ -41515,13 +42271,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28690 book.translate.xml:29179 +#: book.translate.xml:28807 book.translate.xml:29296 #, no-wrap msgid "cloned_interfaces=\"lo1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28692 +#: book.translate.xml:28809 msgid "" "The second loopback interface lo1 will be created when " "the system starts. It can also be created manually without a restart:" @@ -41529,7 +42285,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/screen #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28696 book.translate.xml:29183 +#: book.translate.xml:28813 book.translate.xml:29300 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service netif cloneup\n" @@ -41537,7 +42293,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28699 +#: book.translate.xml:28816 msgid "" "Jails can be allowed to use aliases of this secondary loopback interface " "without interfering with the host." @@ -41544,7 +42300,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28703 +#: book.translate.xml:28820 msgid "" "Inside a jail, access to the loopback address 127.0.0.1 is redirected to the first IP " @@ -41555,7 +42311,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28712 +#: book.translate.xml:28829 msgid "" "Give each jail a unique loopback address in the 127.0.0.0/8 " @@ -41563,12 +42319,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28717 +#: book.translate.xml:28834 msgid "Install sysutils/ezjail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28720 +#: book.translate.xml:28837 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/ezjail\n" @@ -41576,7 +42332,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28725 +#: book.translate.xml:28842 msgid "" "Enable ezjail by adding this line to /" "etc/rc.conf:" @@ -41583,13 +42339,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28728 +#: book.translate.xml:28845 #, no-wrap msgid "ezjail_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28732 +#: book.translate.xml:28849 msgid "" "The service will automatically start on system boot. It can be started " "immediately for the current session:" @@ -41596,13 +42352,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28736 +#: book.translate.xml:28853 #, no-wrap msgid "# service ezjail start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28744 +#: book.translate.xml:28861 msgid "" "With ezjail installed, the basejail directory " "structure can be created and populated. This step is only needed once on the " @@ -41610,7 +42366,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28749 +#: book.translate.xml:28866 msgid "" "In both of these examples, causes the ports tree to be " "retrieved with portsnapinstall. For example, on a host computer " @@ -41637,23 +42393,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28770 +#: book.translate.xml:28887 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin install -p" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28774 +#: book.translate.xml:28891 msgid "To Populate the Jail with installworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:28778 book.translate.xml:45452 +#: book.translate.xml:28895 book.translate.xml:45569 msgid "buildworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28777 +#: book.translate.xml:28894 msgid "" "The basejail can be installed from binaries created by <_:buildtarget-1/> on " "the host with ezjail-admin update." @@ -41660,7 +42416,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28782 +#: book.translate.xml:28899 msgid "" "In this example, FreeBSD 10-STABLE has been built from source. The jail " "directories are created. Then <_:buildtarget-1/> is executed, installing the " @@ -41668,13 +42424,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28789 +#: book.translate.xml:28906 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin update -i -p" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28791 +#: book.translate.xml:28908 msgid "" "The host's /usr/src is used by default. A different " "source directory on the host can be specified with and a " @@ -41683,7 +42439,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28802 +#: book.translate.xml:28919 msgid "" "The basejail's ports tree is shared by other jails. However, downloaded " "distfiles are stored in the jail that downloaded them. By default, these " @@ -41693,7 +42449,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28811 +#: book.translate.xml:28928 msgid "" "The FTP protocol is used by default to download packages " "for the installation of the basejail. Firewall or proxy configurations can " @@ -41705,23 +42461,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28820 +#: book.translate.xml:28937 #, no-wrap msgid "ezjail_ftphost=http://ftp.FreeBSD.org" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28822 +#: book.translate.xml:28939 msgid "See for a list of sites." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28828 +#: book.translate.xml:28945 msgid "Creating and Starting a New Jail" msgstr "建立並啟動新的 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28830 +#: book.translate.xml:28947 msgid "" "New jails are created with ezjail-admin create. In these " "examples, the lo1 loopback interface is used as described " @@ -41729,12 +42485,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:28836 +#: book.translate.xml:28953 msgid "Create and Start a New Jail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28839 +#: book.translate.xml:28956 msgid "" "Create the jail, specifying a name and the loopback and network interfaces " "to use, along with their IP addresses. In this example, " @@ -41742,13 +42498,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28844 +#: book.translate.xml:28961 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin create dnsjail 'lo1|127.0.1.1,em0|192.168.1.50'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28847 +#: book.translate.xml:28964 msgid "" "Most network services run in jails without problems. A few network services, " "most notably ping8pingjailname_parameters=\"allow.raw_sockets=1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28867 +#: book.translate.xml:28984 msgid "" "Do not enable raw network sockets unless services in the jail actually " "require them." @@ -41784,29 +42540,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28873 +#: book.translate.xml:28990 msgid "Start the jail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28875 +#: book.translate.xml:28992 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin start dnsjail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28879 +#: book.translate.xml:28996 msgid "Use a console on the jail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28881 +#: book.translate.xml:28998 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin console dnsjail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28885 +#: book.translate.xml:29002 msgid "" "The jail is operating and additional configuration can be completed. Typical " "settings added at this point include:" @@ -41813,12 +42569,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28891 +#: book.translate.xml:29008 msgid "Set the root Password" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28895 +#: book.translate.xml:29012 msgid "" "Connect to the jail and set the root user's password:" @@ -41825,7 +42581,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28899 +#: book.translate.xml:29016 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ezjail-admin console dnsjail\n" @@ -41836,12 +42592,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28907 +#: book.translate.xml:29024 msgid "Time Zone Configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28909 +#: book.translate.xml:29026 msgid "" "The jail's time zone can be set with tzsetup8. To avoid spurious " @@ -41853,12 +42609,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28918 +#: book.translate.xml:29035 msgid "DNS Servers" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28920 +#: book.translate.xml:29037 msgid "" "Enter domain name server lines in /etc/resolv.conf so " "DNS works in the jail." @@ -41865,12 +42621,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28926 +#: book.translate.xml:29043 msgid "Edit /etc/hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28928 +#: book.translate.xml:29045 msgid "" "Change the address and add the jail name to the localhost " "entries in /etc/hosts." @@ -41877,12 +42633,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28934 +#: book.translate.xml:29051 msgid "Configure /etc/rc.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28936 +#: book.translate.xml:29053 msgid "" "Enter configuration settings in /etc/rc.conf. This is " "much like configuring a full computer. The host name and IP# ezjail-admin update -b" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28975 +#: book.translate.xml:29092 msgid "" "If the world has already been compiled on the host, install it in the " "basejail with:" @@ -41946,13 +42702,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28978 +#: book.translate.xml:29095 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin update -i" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28980 +#: book.translate.xml:29097 msgid "" "Binary updates use freebsd-update8. These updates have " @@ -41963,7 +42719,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28986 +#: book.translate.xml:29103 msgid "" "Update the basejail to the latest patched release of the version of FreeBSD " "on the host. For example, updating from RELEASE-p1 to RELEASE-p2." @@ -41970,13 +42726,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28990 +#: book.translate.xml:29107 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin update -u" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28992 +#: book.translate.xml:29109 msgid "" "To upgrade the basejail to a new version, first upgrade the host system as " "described in . Once the host has " @@ -41990,7 +42746,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29000 +#: book.translate.xml:29117 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# file /usr/jails/basejail/bin/sh\n" @@ -41998,7 +42754,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29003 +#: book.translate.xml:29120 msgid "" "Now use this information to perform the upgrade from 9.3-RELEASE to the current version of the host system:" @@ -42005,13 +42761,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29007 +#: book.translate.xml:29124 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin update -U -s 9.3-RELEASE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29009 +#: book.translate.xml:29126 msgid "" "After updating the basejail, mergemaster8 must be run to update " @@ -42019,7 +42775,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29012 +#: book.translate.xml:29129 msgid "" "How to use mergemaster8 depends on the purpose " @@ -42030,7 +42786,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:29018 +#: book.translate.xml:29135 msgid "" "mergemaster8 on Untrusted Jail" @@ -42039,7 +42795,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29020 +#: book.translate.xml:29137 msgid "" "Delete the link from the jail's /usr/src into the " "basejail and create a new /usr/src in the jail as a " @@ -42048,7 +42804,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29027 +#: book.translate.xml:29144 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# rm /usr/jails/jailname/usr/src\n" @@ -42057,18 +42813,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29031 +#: book.translate.xml:29148 msgid "Get a console in the jail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29033 +#: book.translate.xml:29150 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin console jailname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29035 +#: book.translate.xml:29152 msgid "" "Inside the jail, run mergemaster. Then exit the jail " "console:" @@ -42075,7 +42831,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29038 +#: book.translate.xml:29155 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -42084,18 +42840,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29042 +#: book.translate.xml:29159 msgid "Finally, unmount the jail's /usr/src:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29045 +#: book.translate.xml:29162 #, no-wrap msgid "# umount /usr/jails/jailname/usr/src" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:29050 +#: book.translate.xml:29167 msgid "" "mergemaster8 on Trusted Jail" @@ -42104,7 +42860,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29052 +#: book.translate.xml:29169 msgid "" "If the users and services in a jail are trusted, " "mergemaster8# mergemaster -U -D /usr/jails/jailname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:29060 +#: book.translate.xml:29177 msgid "Updating Ports" msgstr "更新 Port" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29062 +#: book.translate.xml:29179 msgid "" "The ports tree in the basejail is shared by the other jails. Updating that " "copy of the ports tree gives the other jails the updated version also." @@ -42130,7 +42886,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29066 +#: book.translate.xml:29183 msgid "" "The basejail ports tree is updated with " "portsnap8# ezjail-admin update -P" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:29074 +#: book.translate.xml:29191 msgid "Controlling Jails" msgstr "控制 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:29077 +#: book.translate.xml:29194 msgid "Stopping and Starting Jails" msgstr "停止與啟動 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29079 +#: book.translate.xml:29196 msgid "" "ezjail automatically starts jails when the " "computer is started. Jails can be manually stopped and restarted with " @@ -42162,7 +42918,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29084 +#: book.translate.xml:29201 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ezjail-admin stop sambajail\n" @@ -42170,7 +42926,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29087 +#: book.translate.xml:29204 msgid "" "By default, jails are started automatically when the host computer starts. " "Autostarting can be disabled with config:" @@ -42177,13 +42933,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29091 +#: book.translate.xml:29208 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin config -r norun seldomjail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29093 +#: book.translate.xml:29210 msgid "" "This takes effect the next time the host computer is started. A jail that is " "already running will not be stopped." @@ -42190,23 +42946,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29097 +#: book.translate.xml:29214 msgid "Enabling autostart is very similar:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29099 +#: book.translate.xml:29216 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin config -r run oftenjail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:29103 +#: book.translate.xml:29220 msgid "Archiving and Restoring Jails" msgstr "封存與還原 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29105 +#: book.translate.xml:29222 msgid "" "Use archive to create a .tar.gz " "archive of a jail. The file name is composed from the name of the jail and " @@ -42217,7 +42973,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29114 +#: book.translate.xml:29231 msgid "" "The archive file can be copied elsewhere as a backup, or an existing jail " "can be restored from it with restore. A new jail can be " @@ -42225,12 +42981,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29120 +#: book.translate.xml:29237 msgid "Stop and archive a jail named wwwserver:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29123 +#: book.translate.xml:29240 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ezjail-admin stop wwwserver\n" @@ -42241,7 +42997,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29129 +#: book.translate.xml:29246 msgid "" "Create a new jail named wwwserver-clone from the archive " "created in the previous step. Use the em1 interface and " @@ -42250,18 +43006,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29135 +#: book.translate.xml:29252 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin create -a /usr/jails/ezjail_archives/wwwserver-201407271153.13.tar.gz wwwserver-clone 'lo1|127.0.3.1,em1|192.168.1.51'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:29140 +#: book.translate.xml:29257 msgid "Full Example: BIND in a Jail" msgstr "完整範例：在 Jail 中安裝 BIND" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:29143 +#: book.translate.xml:29260 msgid "" "Putting the BIND DNS server in " "a jail improves security by isolating it. This example creates a simple " @@ -42269,12 +43025,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29150 +#: book.translate.xml:29267 msgid "The jail will be called dns1." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29155 +#: book.translate.xml:29272 msgid "" "The jail will use IP address 192.168.1.240 on the host's re0 interface." @@ -42281,7 +43037,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29161 +#: book.translate.xml:29278 msgid "" "The upstream ISP's DNS servers are at 10.0.0.62 and 10.0.0.61." @@ -42288,7 +43044,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29167 +#: book.translate.xml:29284 msgid "" "The basejail has already been created and a ports tree installed as shown in " "." @@ -42295,12 +43051,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:29174 +#: book.translate.xml:29291 msgid "Running BIND in a Jail" msgstr "在 Jail 中執行 BIND" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29176 +#: book.translate.xml:29293 msgid "" "Create a cloned loopback interface by adding a line to /etc/rc." "conf:" @@ -42307,23 +43063,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29181 +#: book.translate.xml:29298 msgid "Immediately create the new loopback interface:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29186 +#: book.translate.xml:29303 msgid "Create the jail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29188 +#: book.translate.xml:29305 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin create dns1 'lo1|127.0.2.1,re0|192.168.1.240'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29190 +#: book.translate.xml:29307 msgid "" "Start the jail, connect to a console running on it, and perform some basic " "configuration:" @@ -42330,7 +43086,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29193 +#: book.translate.xml:29310 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ezjail-admin start dns1\n" @@ -42345,7 +43101,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29203 +#: book.translate.xml:29320 msgid "" "Temporarily set the upstream DNS servers in /" "etc/resolv.conf so ports can be downloaded:" @@ -42352,7 +43108,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29207 +#: book.translate.xml:29324 #, no-wrap msgid "" "nameserver 10.0.0.62\n" @@ -42360,7 +43116,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29210 +#: book.translate.xml:29327 msgid "" "Still using the jail console, install dns/bind99." @@ -42367,13 +43123,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29213 +#: book.translate.xml:29330 #, no-wrap msgid "# make -C /usr/ports/dns/bind99 install clean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29215 +#: book.translate.xml:29332 msgid "" "Configure the name server by editing /usr/local/etc/namedb/named." "conf." @@ -42380,7 +43136,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29218 +#: book.translate.xml:29335 msgid "" "Create an Access Control List (ACL) of addresses and " "networks that are permitted to send DNS queries to this " @@ -42389,7 +43145,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29224 +#: book.translate.xml:29341 #, no-wrap msgid "" "...\n" @@ -42406,7 +43162,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29236 +#: book.translate.xml:29353 msgid "" "Use the jail IP address in the listen-on setting to accept DNS queries from other " @@ -42414,13 +43170,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29241 +#: book.translate.xml:29358 #, no-wrap msgid "\tlisten-on\t{ 192.168.1.240; };" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29243 +#: book.translate.xml:29360 msgid "" "A simple caching-only DNS name server is created by " "changing the forwarders section. The original file " @@ -42428,7 +43184,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29247 +#: book.translate.xml:29364 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/*\n" @@ -42439,7 +43195,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29253 +#: book.translate.xml:29370 msgid "" "Uncomment the section by removing the /* and */ lines. Enter the IP addresses of the upstream " @@ -42449,7 +43205,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29261 +#: book.translate.xml:29378 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\tforwarders {\n" @@ -42463,24 +43219,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29270 +#: book.translate.xml:29387 msgid "Enable the service in /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29273 book.translate.xml:55517 +#: book.translate.xml:29390 book.translate.xml:55634 #, no-wrap msgid "named_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29275 +#: book.translate.xml:29392 msgid "Start and test the name server:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29277 +#: book.translate.xml:29394 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service named start\n" @@ -42490,18 +43246,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29282 +#: book.translate.xml:29399 msgid "A response that includes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29284 +#: book.translate.xml:29401 #, no-wrap msgid ";; Got answer;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29286 +#: book.translate.xml:29403 msgid "" "shows that the new DNS server is working. A long delay " "followed by a response including" @@ -42508,13 +43264,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29290 +#: book.translate.xml:29407 #, no-wrap msgid ";; connection timed out; no servers could be reached" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29292 +#: book.translate.xml:29409 msgid "" "shows a problem. Check the configuration settings and make sure any local " "firewalls allow the new DNS access to the upstream " @@ -42522,7 +43278,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29297 +#: book.translate.xml:29414 msgid "" "The new DNS server can use itself for local name " "resolution, just like other local computers. Set the address of the " @@ -42531,13 +43287,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29303 +#: book.translate.xml:29420 #, no-wrap msgid "nameserver 192.168.1.240" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29305 +#: book.translate.xml:29422 msgid "" "A local DHCP server can be configured to provide this " "address for a local DNS server, providing automatic " @@ -42546,22 +43302,22 @@ #. (itstool) path: info/title #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm -#: book.translate.xml:29321 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:29438 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Mandatory Access Control" msgstr "強制存取控制 (MAC)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:29332 +#: book.translate.xml:29449 msgid "MAC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:29333 +#: book.translate.xml:29450 msgid "Mandatory Access Control MAC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29338 +#: book.translate.xml:29455 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports security extensions based on the POSIX.1e draft. These security mechanisms include " @@ -42578,7 +43334,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29353 +#: book.translate.xml:29470 msgid "" "This chapter focuses on the MAC framework and the set of " "pluggable security policy modules FreeBSD provides for enabling various " @@ -42586,12 +43342,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29361 +#: book.translate.xml:29478 msgid "The terminology associated with the MAC framework." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29366 +#: book.translate.xml:29483 msgid "" "The capabilities of MAC security policy modules as well " "as the difference between a labeled and non-labeled policy." @@ -42598,7 +43354,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29372 +#: book.translate.xml:29489 msgid "" "The considerations to take into account before configuring a system to use " "the MAC framework." @@ -42605,7 +43361,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29377 +#: book.translate.xml:29494 msgid "" "Which MAC security policy modules are included in FreeBSD " "and how to configure them." @@ -42612,7 +43368,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29382 +#: book.translate.xml:29499 msgid "" "How to implement a more secure environment using the MAC " "framework." @@ -42619,7 +43375,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29387 +#: book.translate.xml:29504 msgid "" "How to test the MAC configuration to ensure the framework " "has been properly implemented." @@ -42626,7 +43382,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29401 book.translate.xml:31154 book.translate.xml:46158 +#: book.translate.xml:29518 book.translate.xml:31271 book.translate.xml:46275 msgid "" "Have some familiarity with security and how it pertains to FreeBSD ()." @@ -42633,7 +43389,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:29407 +#: book.translate.xml:29524 msgid "" "Improper MAC configuration may cause loss of system " "access, aggravation of users, or inability to access the features provided " @@ -42645,7 +43401,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:29417 +#: book.translate.xml:29534 msgid "" "The examples contained within this chapter are for demonstration purposes " "and the example settings should not be implemented on a " @@ -42654,7 +43410,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29424 +#: book.translate.xml:29541 msgid "" "While this chapter covers a broad range of security issues relating to the " "MAC framework, the development of new MACMAC framework:" @@ -42682,7 +43438,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29444 +#: book.translate.xml:29561 msgid "" "compartment: a set of programs and data to be " "partitioned or separated, where users are given explicit access to specific " @@ -42692,7 +43448,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29454 +#: book.translate.xml:29571 msgid "" "integrity: the level of trust which can be placed on " "data. As the integrity of the data is elevated, so does the ability to trust " @@ -42700,7 +43456,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29460 +#: book.translate.xml:29577 msgid "" "level: the increased or decreased setting of a security " "attribute. As the level increases, its security is considered to elevate as " @@ -42708,7 +43464,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29466 +#: book.translate.xml:29583 msgid "" "label: a security attribute which can be applied to " "files, directories, or other items in the system. It could be considered a " @@ -42721,7 +43477,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29480 +#: book.translate.xml:29597 msgid "" "multilabel: this property is a file system option which " "can be set in single-user mode using tunefssingle label: a policy where the entire file system " "uses one label to enforce access control over the flow of data. Whenever " @@ -42743,7 +43499,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29498 +#: book.translate.xml:29615 msgid "" "object: an entity through which information flows under " "the direction of a subject. This includes directories, " @@ -42753,7 +43509,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29508 +#: book.translate.xml:29625 msgid "" "subject: any active entity that causes information to " "flow between objects such as a user, user process, or " @@ -42762,7 +43518,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29516 +#: book.translate.xml:29633 msgid "" "policy: a collection of rules which defines how " "objectives are to be achieved. A policy usually documents how certain items " @@ -42772,7 +43528,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29525 +#: book.translate.xml:29642 msgid "" "high-watermark: this type of policy permits the raising " "of security levels for the purpose of accessing higher level information. In " @@ -42782,7 +43538,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29534 +#: book.translate.xml:29651 msgid "" "low-watermark: this type of policy permits lowering " "security levels for the purpose of accessing information which is less " @@ -42793,7 +43549,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29543 +#: book.translate.xml:29660 msgid "" "sensitivity: usually used when discussing Multilevel " "Security (MLS). A sensitivity level describes how " @@ -42802,12 +43558,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:29554 +#: book.translate.xml:29671 msgid "Understanding MAC Labels" msgstr "了解 MAC 標籤" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29556 +#: book.translate.xml:29673 msgid "" "A MAC label is a security attribute which may be applied " "to subjects and objects throughout the system. When setting a label, the " @@ -42818,7 +43574,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29564 +#: book.translate.xml:29681 msgid "" "The security label on an object is used as a part of a security access " "control decision by a policy. With some policies, the label contains all of " @@ -42827,7 +43583,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29570 +#: book.translate.xml:29687 msgid "" "There are two types of label policies: single label and multi label. By " "default, the system will use single label. The administrator should be aware " @@ -42836,7 +43592,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29576 +#: book.translate.xml:29693 msgid "" "A single label security policy only permits one label to be used for every " "subject or object. Since a single label policy enforces one set of access " @@ -42847,7 +43603,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29584 +#: book.translate.xml:29701 msgid "" "A single label policy is somewhat similar to DAC as " "root configures the policies so " @@ -42859,7 +43615,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29593 +#: book.translate.xml:29710 msgid "" "When appropriate, a multi label policy can be set on a UFS file system by passing to " @@ -42874,7 +43630,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29605 +#: book.translate.xml:29722 msgid "" "Using a multi label policy on a partition and establishing a multi label " "security model can increase administrative overhead as everything in that " @@ -42883,7 +43639,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29610 +#: book.translate.xml:29727 msgid "" "The following command will set on the specified " "UFS file system. This may only be done in single-user " @@ -42891,13 +43647,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29615 +#: book.translate.xml:29732 #, no-wrap msgid "# tunefs -l enable /" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:29618 +#: book.translate.xml:29735 msgid "" "Some users have experienced problems with setting the entry specifies the maximum size for an audit " "trail before automatically terminating and rotating the trail file. A value " @@ -45784,7 +46540,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:31616 +#: book.translate.xml:31733 msgid "" "The field specifies when audit log files will " "expire and be removed." @@ -45791,12 +46547,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:31621 +#: book.translate.xml:31738 msgid "The audit_user File" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:31623 +#: book.translate.xml:31740 msgid "" "The administrator can specify further audit requirements for specific users " "in audit_user. Each line configures auditing for a user " @@ -45807,7 +46563,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:31631 +#: book.translate.xml:31748 msgid "" "The following example entries audit login/logout events and successful " "command execution for root and " @@ -45820,7 +46576,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31638 +#: book.translate.xml:31755 #, no-wrap msgid "" "root:lo,+ex:no\n" @@ -45828,12 +46584,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:31645 +#: book.translate.xml:31762 msgid "Working with Audit Trails" msgstr "查看稽查線索" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31647 +#: book.translate.xml:31764 msgid "" "Since audit trails are stored in the BSM binary format, " "several built-in tools are available to modify or convert these trails to " @@ -45845,7 +46601,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31657 +#: book.translate.xml:31774 msgid "" "For example, to dump the entire contents of a specified audit log in plain " "text:" @@ -45852,18 +46608,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31660 +#: book.translate.xml:31777 #, no-wrap msgid "# praudit /var/audit/AUDITFILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31662 +#: book.translate.xml:31779 msgid "Where AUDITFILE is the audit log to dump." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31665 +#: book.translate.xml:31782 msgid "" "Audit trails consist of a series of audit records made up of tokens, which " "praudit prints sequentially, one per line. Each token is " @@ -45873,7 +46629,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31673 +#: book.translate.xml:31790 #, no-wrap msgid "" "header,133,10,execve(2),0,Mon Sep 25 15:58:03 2006, + 384 msec\n" @@ -45886,7 +46642,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31681 +#: book.translate.xml:31798 msgid "" "This audit represents a successful execve call, in which " "the command finger doug has been run. The exec " @@ -45905,7 +46661,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31700 +#: book.translate.xml:31817 msgid "" "XML output format is also supported and can be selected " "by including ." @@ -45912,7 +46668,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31703 +#: book.translate.xml:31820 msgid "" "Since audit logs may be very large, a subset of records can be selected " "using auditreduce. This example selects all audit records " @@ -45921,13 +46677,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31709 +#: book.translate.xml:31826 #, no-wrap msgid "# auditreduce -u trhodes /var/audit/AUDITFILE | praudit" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31711 +#: book.translate.xml:31828 msgid "" "Members of the audit group have " "permission to read audit trails in /var/audit. By " @@ -45941,12 +46697,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:31721 +#: book.translate.xml:31838 msgid "Live Monitoring Using Audit Pipes" msgstr "使用 Audit Pipes 即時監視" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31723 +#: book.translate.xml:31840 msgid "" "Audit pipes are cloning pseudo-devices which allow applications to tap the " "live audit record stream. This is primarily of interest to authors of " @@ -45958,13 +46714,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31732 +#: book.translate.xml:31849 #, no-wrap msgid "# praudit /dev/auditpipe" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31734 +#: book.translate.xml:31851 msgid "" "By default, audit pipe device nodes are accessible only to the root user. To make them accessible to the " @@ -45973,13 +46729,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31740 +#: book.translate.xml:31857 #, no-wrap msgid "add path 'auditpipe*' mode 0440 group audit" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31742 +#: book.translate.xml:31859 msgid "" "See devfs.rules5 for more information on configuring the devfs file " @@ -45987,7 +46743,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:31746 +#: book.translate.xml:31863 msgid "" "It is easy to produce audit event feedback cycles, in which the viewing of " "each audit event results in the generation of more audit events. For " @@ -46000,12 +46756,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:31761 +#: book.translate.xml:31878 msgid "Rotating and Compressing Audit Trail Files" msgstr "翻轉與壓縮 Audit Trail 檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31763 +#: book.translate.xml:31880 msgid "" "Audit trails are written to by the kernel and managed by the audit daemon, " "auditd8# audit -n" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31777 +#: book.translate.xml:31894 msgid "" "If auditd8 is not currently running, this command will fail " @@ -46034,7 +46790,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31780 +#: book.translate.xml:31897 msgid "" "Adding the following line to /etc/crontab will schedule " "this rotation every twelve hours:" @@ -46041,19 +46797,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31784 +#: book.translate.xml:31901 #, no-wrap msgid "0 */12 * * * root /usr/sbin/audit -n" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31786 +#: book.translate.xml:31903 msgid "" "The change will take effect once /etc/crontab is saved." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31789 +#: book.translate.xml:31906 msgid "" "Automatic rotation of the audit trail file based on file size is possible " "using in audit_control as " @@ -46061,7 +46817,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31793 +#: book.translate.xml:31910 msgid "" "As audit trail files can become very large, it is often desirable to " "compress or otherwise archive trails once they have been closed by the audit " @@ -46073,7 +46829,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31803 +#: book.translate.xml:31920 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#\n" @@ -46085,7 +46841,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31810 +#: book.translate.xml:31927 msgid "" "Other archiving activities might include copying trail files to a " "centralized server, deleting old trail files, or reducing the audit trail to " @@ -46095,12 +46851,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:31829 +#: book.translate.xml:31946 msgid "Storage" msgstr "儲存設備" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31834 +#: book.translate.xml:31951 msgid "" "This chapter covers the use of disks and storage media in FreeBSD. This " "includes SCSI and IDE disks, " @@ -46112,22 +46868,22 @@ "acronym> 媒體、記憶體磁碟及 USB 儲存裝置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31844 +#: book.translate.xml:31961 msgid "How to add additional hard disks to a FreeBSD system." msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 系統加入額外的硬碟。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31849 +#: book.translate.xml:31966 msgid "How to grow the size of a disk's partition on FreeBSD." msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 擴增磁碟分割區的大小。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31854 +#: book.translate.xml:31971 msgid "How to configure FreeBSD to use USB storage devices." msgstr "如何設定 FreeBSD 使用 USB 儲存裝置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31859 +#: book.translate.xml:31976 msgid "" "How to use CD and DVD media on a " "FreeBSD system." @@ -46136,37 +46892,37 @@ "體。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31864 +#: book.translate.xml:31981 msgid "How to use the backup programs available under FreeBSD." msgstr "如何使用在 FreeBSD 下可用的備份程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31869 +#: book.translate.xml:31986 msgid "How to set up memory disks." msgstr "如何設定記憶體磁碟。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31873 +#: book.translate.xml:31990 msgid "What file system snapshots are and how to use them efficiently." msgstr "什麼是檔案系統快照 (Snapshot) 以及如何有效使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31878 +#: book.translate.xml:31995 msgid "How to use quotas to limit disk space usage." msgstr "如何使用配額 (Quota) 來限制磁碟空間使用量。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31882 +#: book.translate.xml:31999 msgid "How to encrypt disks and swap to secure them against attackers." msgstr "如何加密磁碟及交換空間來防範攻擊者。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31887 +#: book.translate.xml:32004 msgid "How to configure a highly available storage network." msgstr "如何設定高可用性 (Highly available) 的儲存網路。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31896 +#: book.translate.xml:32013 msgid "" "Know how to configure and install a new " "FreeBSD kernel." @@ -46174,12 +46930,12 @@ "了解如何 設定並安裝新的 FreeBSD 核心。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:31904 +#: book.translate.xml:32021 msgid "Adding Disks" msgstr "加入磁碟" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:31907 +#: book.translate.xml:32024 msgid "" " David O'Brien Originally contributed by " @@ -46186,12 +46942,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:31917 +#: book.translate.xml:32034 msgid "disks adding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31922 +#: book.translate.xml:32039 msgid "" "This section describes how to add a new SATA disk to a " "machine that currently only has a single drive. First, turn off the computer " @@ -46204,7 +46960,7 @@ "重新啟動系統並登入 root。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31930 +#: book.translate.xml:32047 msgid "" "Inspect /var/run/dmesg.boot to ensure the new disk was " "found. In this example, the newly added SATA drive will " @@ -46215,12 +46971,12 @@ "碟。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:31936 book.translate.xml:32032 +#: book.translate.xml:32053 book.translate.xml:32149 msgid "gpart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31940 +#: book.translate.xml:32057 msgid "" "For this example, a single large partition will be created on the new disk. " "The " @@ -46232,7 +46988,7 @@ "分割表格式而非較舊與通用性較差的 MBR 結構。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:31947 +#: book.translate.xml:32064 msgid "" "If the disk to be added is not blank, old partition information can be " "removed with gpart delete. See " @@ -46244,7 +47000,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8 取得詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31953 +#: book.translate.xml:32070 msgid "" "The partition scheme is created, and then a single partition is added. To " "improve performance on newer disks with larger hardware block sizes, the " @@ -46254,7 +47010,7 @@ "塊大小 (Block size)，此分割區會對齊 1 MB 的邊界：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31958 +#: book.translate.xml:32075 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart create -s GPT ada1\n" @@ -46262,7 +47018,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31961 +#: book.translate.xml:32078 msgid "" "Depending on use, several smaller partitions may be desired. See " "gpart8 來取得建立較小分割區的選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31965 +#: book.translate.xml:32082 msgid "" "The disk partition information can be viewed with gpart show:" @@ -46280,7 +47036,7 @@ msgstr "磁碟分割區資訊可以使用 gpart show 檢視：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31968 +#: book.translate.xml:32085 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% gpart show ada1\n" @@ -46291,18 +47047,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31974 +#: book.translate.xml:32091 msgid "A file system is created in the new partition on the new disk:" msgstr "在新磁碟的新分割區上建立檔案系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31976 +#: book.translate.xml:32093 #, no-wrap msgid "# newfs -U /dev/ada1p1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31978 +#: book.translate.xml:32095 msgid "" "An empty directory is created as a mountpoint, a " "location for mounting the new disk in the original disk's file system:" @@ -46311,13 +47067,13 @@ "磁碟的檔案系統上可用來掛載新磁碟的位置：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31982 +#: book.translate.xml:32099 #, no-wrap msgid "# mkdir /newdisk" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31984 +#: book.translate.xml:32101 msgid "" "Finally, an entry is added to /etc/fstab so the new " "disk will be mounted automatically at startup:" @@ -46326,29 +47082,29 @@ "的磁碟：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31988 +#: book.translate.xml:32105 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/ada1p1\t/newdisk\tufs\trw\t2\t2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31990 +#: book.translate.xml:32107 msgid "The new disk can be mounted manually, without restarting the system:" msgstr "新的磁碟也可手動掛載，無須重新啟動系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31993 +#: book.translate.xml:32110 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount /newdisk" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:31998 +#: book.translate.xml:32115 msgid "Resizing and Growing Disks" msgstr "重設大小與擴增磁碟" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:32001 +#: book.translate.xml:32118 msgid "" " Allan Jude Originally contributed by " @@ -46355,12 +47111,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32011 +#: book.translate.xml:32128 msgid "disks resizing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32016 +#: book.translate.xml:32133 msgid "" "A disk's capacity can increase without any changes to the data already " "present. This happens commonly with virtual machines, when the virtual disk " @@ -46375,7 +47131,7 @@ "emphasis> 磁碟內容來使用增加的容量。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32025 +#: book.translate.xml:32142 msgid "" "Determine the device name of the disk to be resized by inspecting /" "var/run/dmesg.boot. In this example, there is only one " @@ -46387,12 +47143,12 @@ "以 ada0 表示。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32036 +#: book.translate.xml:32153 msgid "List the partitions on the disk to see the current configuration:" msgstr "列出在磁碟上的分割區來查看目前的設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32039 +#: book.translate.xml:32156 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart show ada0\n" @@ -46404,7 +47160,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32047 +#: book.translate.xml:32164 msgid "" "If the disk was formatted with the GPT partitioning " @@ -46418,7 +47174,7 @@ "分割區已不存在於磁碟結尾。 使用 gpart 來修正備份分割區：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32055 +#: book.translate.xml:32172 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart recover ada0\n" @@ -46426,7 +47182,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32059 +#: book.translate.xml:32176 msgid "" "Now the additional space on the disk is available for use by a new " "partition, or an existing partition can be expanded:" @@ -46435,7 +47191,7 @@ "區：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32063 +#: book.translate.xml:32180 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart show ada0\n" @@ -46447,7 +47203,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32070 +#: book.translate.xml:32187 msgid "" "Partitions can only be resized into contiguous free space. Here, the last " "partition on the disk is the swap partition, but the second partition is the " @@ -46460,7 +47216,7 @@ "的資料，所以可以安全的卸載、刪除，然後在重設其他分割區大小之後再重建。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32077 +#: book.translate.xml:32194 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# swapoff /dev/ada0p3\n" @@ -46474,7 +47230,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:32087 +#: book.translate.xml:32204 msgid "" "There is risk of data loss when modifying the partition table of a mounted " "file system. It is best to perform the following steps on an unmounted file " @@ -46488,13 +47244,13 @@ "在掛載的檔案系統上修改分割區表：" #. (itstool) path: warning/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32095 +#: book.translate.xml:32212 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=16" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32098 +#: book.translate.xml:32215 msgid "" "Resize the partition, leaving room to recreate a swap partition of the " "desired size. This only modifies the size of the partition. The file system " @@ -46504,7 +47260,7 @@ "分割區中的檔案系統會在另一個步驟擴增。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32103 +#: book.translate.xml:32220 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart resize -i 2 -a 4k -s 47G ada0\n" @@ -46517,12 +47273,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32111 +#: book.translate.xml:32228 msgid "Recreate the swap partition:" msgstr "重新建立交換分割區：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32113 +#: book.translate.xml:32230 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart add -t freebsd-swap -a 4k ada0\n" @@ -46536,7 +47292,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32122 +#: book.translate.xml:32239 msgid "" "Grow the UFS file system to use the new capacity of the " "resized partition:" @@ -46543,7 +47299,7 @@ msgstr "擴增 UFS 檔案系統來使用重設分割區大小之後的新容量：" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32126 +#: book.translate.xml:32243 msgid "" "Growing a live UFS file system is only possible in " "FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE and later. For earlier versions, the file system must " @@ -46553,7 +47309,7 @@ "檔案系統，較先前的版本必須將檔案系統卸載。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32131 +#: book.translate.xml:32248 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# growfs /dev/ada0p2\n" @@ -46566,7 +47322,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32139 +#: book.translate.xml:32256 msgid "" "Both the partition and the file system on it have now been resized to use " "the newly-available disk space." @@ -46573,17 +47329,17 @@ msgstr "現在分割區與檔案系統已透過重設大小來使用新增加的磁碟空間。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:32145 +#: book.translate.xml:32262 msgid "USB Storage Devices" msgstr "USB 儲存裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32158 +#: book.translate.xml:32275 msgid "USB disks" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32163 +#: book.translate.xml:32280 msgid "" "Many external storage solutions, such as hard drives, USB " "thumbdrives, and CD and DVD burners, " @@ -46596,7 +47352,7 @@ "USB 1.x, 2.0 及 3.0 裝置的支援。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32170 +#: book.translate.xml:32287 msgid "" "USB 3.0 support is not compatible with some hardware, " "including Haswell (Lynx point) chipsets. If FreeBSD boots with a " @@ -46608,7 +47364,7 @@ "在系統 BIOS 關閉 xHCI/USB3。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32177 +#: book.translate.xml:32294 msgid "" "Support for USB storage devices is built into the " "GENERIC kernel. For a custom kernel, be sure that the " @@ -46618,7 +47374,7 @@ "filename> 核心，若為自訂的核心，請確定在核心設定檔中有下列幾行設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32182 +#: book.translate.xml:32299 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device scbus\t# SCSI bus (required for ATA/SCSI)\n" @@ -46634,7 +47390,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32193 +#: book.translate.xml:32310 msgid "" "FreeBSD uses the umass4 driver which uses the " @@ -46653,7 +47409,7 @@ "emphasis>在自訂核心設定檔中引用 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32203 +#: book.translate.xml:32320 msgid "" "The rest of this section demonstrates how to verify that a USB storage device is recognized by FreeBSD and how to configure the " @@ -46663,12 +47419,12 @@ "以及如何設定該裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32208 +#: book.translate.xml:32325 msgid "Device Configuration" msgstr "裝置設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32210 +#: book.translate.xml:32327 msgid "" "To test the USB configuration, plug in the USB device. Use dmesg to confirm that the drive " @@ -46679,7 +47435,7 @@ "如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32216 +#: book.translate.xml:32333 #, no-wrap msgid "" "umass0: <STECH Simple Drive, class 0/0, rev 2.00/1.04, addr 3> on usbus0\n" @@ -46694,7 +47450,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32226 +#: book.translate.xml:32343 msgid "" "The brand, device node (da0), speed, and size will " "differ according to the device." @@ -46702,7 +47458,7 @@ "不同的裝置會有不同的廠牌、裝置節點 (da0)、速度與大小。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32229 +#: book.translate.xml:32346 msgid "" "Since the USB device is seen as a SCSI " "one, camcontrol can be used to list the USB# camcontrol devlist\n" @@ -46721,7 +47477,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32237 +#: book.translate.xml:32354 msgid "" "Alternately, usbconfig can be used to list the device. " "Refer to usbconfig 來取得更多有關此指令的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32241 +#: book.translate.xml:32358 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# usbconfig\n" @@ -46741,7 +47497,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32244 +#: book.translate.xml:32361 msgid "" "If the device has not been formatted, refer to for instructions on how to format and create partitions on the " @@ -46755,7 +47511,7 @@ "\"mount-unmount\"/> 中的說明掛載磁碟。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:32251 +#: book.translate.xml:32368 msgid "" "Allowing untrusted users to mount arbitrary media, by enabling vfs." "usermount as described below, should not be considered safe from a " @@ -46767,7 +47523,7 @@ "裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32258 +#: book.translate.xml:32375 msgid "" "To make the device mountable as a normal user, one solution is to make all " "users of the device a member of the 能夠讀取與寫入裝置：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32265 +#: book.translate.xml:32382 #, no-wrap msgid "" "[localrules=5]\n" @@ -46793,7 +47549,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32269 +#: book.translate.xml:32386 msgid "" "If internal SCSI disks are also installed in the system, " "change the second line as follows:" @@ -46801,13 +47557,13 @@ "若系統也同時安裝了內建 SCSI 磁碟，請更改第二行如下：" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32273 +#: book.translate.xml:32390 #, no-wrap msgid "add path 'da[3-9]*' mode 0660 group operator" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32275 +#: book.translate.xml:32392 msgid "" "This will exclude the first three SCSI disks " "(da0 to da2)from belonging to the " @@ -46825,18 +47581,18 @@ "資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32283 +#: book.translate.xml:32400 msgid "Next, enable the ruleset in /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "接著，在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟規則：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32286 +#: book.translate.xml:32403 #, no-wrap msgid "devfs_system_ruleset=\"localrules\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32288 +#: book.translate.xml:32405 msgid "" "Then, instruct the system to allow regular users to mount file systems by " "adding the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:" @@ -46845,13 +47601,13 @@ "者掛載檔案系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32292 +#: book.translate.xml:32409 #, no-wrap msgid "vfs.usermount=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32294 +#: book.translate.xml:32411 msgid "" "Since this only takes effect after the next reboot, use sysctl to set this variable now:" @@ -46860,7 +47616,7 @@ "變數：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32297 +#: book.translate.xml:32414 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl vfs.usermount=1\n" @@ -46868,7 +47624,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32300 +#: book.translate.xml:32417 msgid "" "The final step is to create a directory where the file system is to be " "mounted. This directory needs to be owned by the user that is to mount the " @@ -46886,7 +47642,7 @@ "組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32310 +#: book.translate.xml:32427 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /mnt/username\n" @@ -46894,7 +47650,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32313 +#: book.translate.xml:32430 msgid "" "Suppose a USB thumbdrive is plugged in, and a device " "/dev/da0s1 appears. If the device is formatted with a " @@ -46905,13 +47661,13 @@ "使用以下指令掛載該檔案系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32318 +#: book.translate.xml:32435 #, no-wrap msgid "% mount -t msdosfs -o -m=644,-M=755 /dev/da0s1 /mnt/username" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32320 +#: book.translate.xml:32437 msgid "" "Before the device can be unplugged, it must be " "unmounted first:" @@ -46918,13 +47674,13 @@ msgstr "在裝置可以被拔除前，必須先卸載：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32323 +#: book.translate.xml:32440 #, no-wrap msgid "% umount /mnt/username" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32325 +#: book.translate.xml:32442 msgid "" "After device removal, the system message buffer will show messages similar " "to the following:" @@ -46931,7 +47687,7 @@ msgstr "裝置移除之後，系統訊息緩衝區會顯示如下的訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32328 +#: book.translate.xml:32445 #, no-wrap msgid "" "umass0: at uhub3, port 2, addr 3 (disconnected)\n" @@ -46941,12 +47697,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32335 +#: book.translate.xml:32452 msgid "Automounting Removable Media" msgstr "自動掛載可移除的媒體" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32338 +#: book.translate.xml:32455 msgid "" "autofs5 supports automatic mounting of removable media starting with " @@ -46957,7 +47713,7 @@ "體。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32342 +#: book.translate.xml:32459 msgid "" "USB devices can be automatically mounted by uncommenting " "this line in /etc/auto_master:" @@ -46966,18 +47722,18 @@ "USB 裝置：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32346 +#: book.translate.xml:32463 #, no-wrap msgid "/media\t\t-media\t\t-nosuid" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32348 +#: book.translate.xml:32465 msgid "Then add these lines to /etc/devd.conf:" msgstr "然後加入這些行到 /etc/devd.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32351 +#: book.translate.xml:32468 #, no-wrap msgid "" "notify 100 {\n" @@ -46988,7 +47744,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32357 +#: book.translate.xml:32474 msgid "" "Reload the configuration if autofs5 and " @@ -47001,7 +47757,7 @@ "載入設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32360 +#: book.translate.xml:32477 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service automount reload\n" @@ -47009,7 +47765,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32363 +#: book.translate.xml:32480 msgid "" "autofs5 can be set to start at boot by adding this line to /" @@ -47020,13 +47776,13 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32366 book.translate.xml:53224 +#: book.translate.xml:32483 book.translate.xml:53341 #, no-wrap msgid "autofs_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32368 +#: book.translate.xml:32485 msgid "" "autofs5 requires devd8，預設已經開啟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32371 +#: book.translate.xml:32488 msgid "Start the services immediately with:" msgstr "立即啟動服務：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32373 +#: book.translate.xml:32490 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service automount start\n" @@ -47053,7 +47809,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32378 +#: book.translate.xml:32495 msgid "" "Each file system that can be automatically mounted appears as a directory in " "/media/. The directory is named after the file system " @@ -47063,7 +47819,7 @@ "檔案系統的標籤來命名目錄，若標籤遺失，則會以裝置節點命名。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32383 +#: book.translate.xml:32500 msgid "" "The file system is transparently mounted on the first access, and unmounted " "after a period of inactivity. Automounted drives can also be unmounted " @@ -47073,13 +47829,13 @@ "碟也可手動卸載：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32387 +#: book.translate.xml:32504 #, no-wrap msgid "# automount -fu" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32389 +#: book.translate.xml:32506 msgid "" "This mechanism is typically used for memory cards and USB " "memory sticks. It can be used with any block device, including optical " @@ -47089,12 +47845,12 @@ "裝置，包含光碟機或 iSCSI LUN。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:32398 +#: book.translate.xml:32515 msgid "Creating and Using CD Media" msgstr "建立與使用 CD 媒體" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:32401 book.translate.xml:45979 +#: book.translate.xml:32518 book.translate.xml:46096 msgid "" " Mike Meyer Contributed by " @@ -47101,13 +47857,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32411 +#: book.translate.xml:32528 msgid "" "CD-ROMs creating" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32416 +#: book.translate.xml:32533 msgid "" "Compact Disc (CD) media provide a number of features that " "differentiate them from conventional disks. They are designed so that they " @@ -47119,18 +47875,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32425 +#: book.translate.xml:32542 msgid "ISO 9660" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32427 book.translate.xml:32617 +#: book.translate.xml:32544 book.translate.xml:32734 msgid "file systems ISO 9660" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32432 +#: book.translate.xml:32549 msgid "" "CD burner ATAPI" @@ -47137,7 +47893,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32437 +#: book.translate.xml:32554 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Ports Collection provides several utilities for burning and " "duplicating audio and data CDs. This chapter demonstrates " @@ -47147,12 +47903,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:32447 +#: book.translate.xml:32564 msgid "Supported Devices" msgstr "支援的裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32460 +#: book.translate.xml:32577 msgid "" "CD burner ATAPI/CAM driver" @@ -47159,7 +47915,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32465 +#: book.translate.xml:32582 msgid "" "The GENERIC kernel provides support for SCSI, USB, and ATAPI CDSCSI burner, make sure these options are present:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32475 +#: book.translate.xml:32592 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device scbus\t# SCSI bus (required for ATA/SCSI)\n" @@ -47185,13 +47941,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32480 +#: book.translate.xml:32597 msgid "" "For a USB burner, make sure these options are present:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32483 +#: book.translate.xml:32600 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device scbus\t# SCSI bus (required for ATA/SCSI)\n" @@ -47207,13 +47963,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32494 +#: book.translate.xml:32611 msgid "" "For an ATAPI burner, make sure these options are present:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32497 +#: book.translate.xml:32614 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device ata\t# Legacy ATA/SATA controllers\n" @@ -47223,7 +47979,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32503 +#: book.translate.xml:32620 msgid "" "On FreeBSD versions prior to 10.x, this line is also needed in the kernel " "configuration file if the burner is an ATAPI device:" @@ -47230,13 +47986,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32507 +#: book.translate.xml:32624 #, no-wrap msgid "device atapicam" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32509 +#: book.translate.xml:32626 msgid "" "Alternately, this driver can be loaded at boot time by adding the following " "line to /boot/loader.conf:" @@ -47243,13 +47999,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32513 +#: book.translate.xml:32630 #, no-wrap msgid "atapicam_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32515 +#: book.translate.xml:32632 msgid "" "This will require a reboot of the system as this driver can only be loaded " "at boot time." @@ -47256,7 +48012,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32519 +#: book.translate.xml:32636 msgid "" "To verify that FreeBSD recognizes the device, run dmesg " "and look for an entry for the device. On systems prior to 10.x, the device " @@ -47265,7 +48021,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32525 +#: book.translate.xml:32642 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% dmesg | grep cd\n" @@ -47277,12 +48033,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32534 +#: book.translate.xml:32651 msgid "Burning a CD" msgstr "燒錄 CD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32536 +#: book.translate.xml:32653 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, cdrecord can be used to burn CDs. This command is installed with the sysutils/cdrtoolscdrecord has many options, basic usage is simple. " "Specify the name of the ISO file to burn and, if the " @@ -47298,13 +48054,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32546 +#: book.translate.xml:32663 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdrecord dev=device imagefile.iso" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32548 +#: book.translate.xml:32665 msgid "" "To determine the device name of the burner, use " "which might produce results like this:" @@ -47311,13 +48067,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32552 +#: book.translate.xml:32669 msgid "" "CD-ROMs burning" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32556 +#: book.translate.xml:32673 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cdrecord -scanbus\n" @@ -47344,7 +48100,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32578 +#: book.translate.xml:32695 msgid "" "Locate the entry for the CD burner and use the three " "numbers separated by commas as the value for . In this " @@ -47356,7 +48112,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32587 +#: book.translate.xml:32704 msgid "" "Alternately, run the following command to get the device address of the " "burner:" @@ -47363,7 +48119,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32590 +#: book.translate.xml:32707 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# camcontrol devlist\n" @@ -47371,7 +48127,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32593 +#: book.translate.xml:32710 msgid "" "Use the numeric values for scbus, target, and lun. For this example, 1,0,0ISO File System" msgstr "寫入資料到一個 ISO 檔案系統" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32603 +#: book.translate.xml:32720 msgid "" "In order to produce a data CD, the data files that are " "going to make up the tracks on the CD must be prepared " @@ -47398,13 +48154,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32615 +#: book.translate.xml:32732 #, no-wrap msgid "# mkisofs -o imagefile.iso /path/to/tree" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32622 +#: book.translate.xml:32739 msgid "" "This command maps the file names in the specified path to names that fit the " "limitations of the standard ISO 9660 file system, and " @@ -47413,12 +48169,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32628 +#: book.translate.xml:32745 msgid "file systems Joliet" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32633 +#: book.translate.xml:32750 msgid "" "A number of options are available to overcome the restrictions imposed by " "the standard. In particular, enables the Rock Ridge " @@ -47428,7 +48184,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32639 +#: book.translate.xml:32756 msgid "" "For CDs that are going to be used only on FreeBSD " "systems, can be used to disable all filename " @@ -47438,7 +48194,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32646 +#: book.translate.xml:32763 msgid "" "CD-ROMs creating bootable" @@ -47445,7 +48201,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32651 +#: book.translate.xml:32768 msgid "" "The last option of general use is . This is used to " "specify the location of a boot image for use in producing an El " @@ -47462,13 +48218,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32669 +#: book.translate.xml:32786 #, no-wrap msgid "# mkisofs -R -no-emul-boot -b boot/cdboot -o /tmp/bootable.iso /tmp/myboot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32671 +#: book.translate.xml:32788 msgid "" "The resulting ISO image can be mounted as a memory disk " "with:" @@ -47475,7 +48231,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32674 +#: book.translate.xml:32791 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /tmp/bootable.iso -u 0\n" @@ -47483,7 +48239,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32677 +#: book.translate.xml:32794 msgid "" "One can then verify that /mnt and /tmp/" "myboot are identical." @@ -47490,7 +48246,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32680 +#: book.translate.xml:32797 msgid "" "There are many other options available for mkisofs to " "fine-tune its behavior. Refer to CD to an image file that is " "functionally equivalent to the image file created with mkisofs# dd if=/dev/cd0 of=file.iso bs=2048" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32694 +#: book.translate.xml:32811 msgid "" "The resulting image file can be burned to CD as described " "in ." @@ -47522,12 +48278,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32700 +#: book.translate.xml:32817 msgid "Using Data CDs" msgstr "使用資料 CD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32702 +#: book.translate.xml:32819 msgid "" "Once an ISO has been burned to a CD, " "it can be mounted by specifying the file system type, the name of the device " @@ -47535,13 +48291,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32707 +#: book.translate.xml:32824 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0 /mnt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32709 +#: book.translate.xml:32826 msgid "" "Since mount assumes that a file system is of type " "ufs, a Incorrect super block error " @@ -47550,7 +48306,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32715 +#: book.translate.xml:32832 msgid "" "While any data CD can be mounted this way, disks with " "certain ISO 9660 extensions might behave oddly. For " @@ -47562,7 +48318,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32724 +#: book.translate.xml:32841 msgid "" "In order to do this character conversion with the help of : This is the rewritable version of the DVD-R " "standard. A DVD-RW can be rewritten about 1000 times." @@ -47771,7 +48527,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:32882 +#: book.translate.xml:32999 msgid "" "DVD-RAM: This is a rewritable format which can be seen as " "a removable hard drive. However, this media is not compatible with most " @@ -47782,7 +48538,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:32892 +#: book.translate.xml:33009 msgid "" "DVD+RW: This is a rewritable format defined by the DVD+RW AllianceDVD+RW format." @@ -47797,7 +48553,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32904 +#: book.translate.xml:33021 msgid "" "A single layer recordable DVD can hold up to " "4,700,000,000 bytes which is actually 4.38 GB or 4485 MB as 1 kilobyte is " @@ -47805,7 +48561,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32909 +#: book.translate.xml:33026 msgid "" "A distinction must be made between the physical media and the application. " "For example, a DVD-Video is a specific file layout that can be written on " @@ -47816,12 +48572,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32919 book.translate.xml:57095 +#: book.translate.xml:33036 book.translate.xml:57212 msgid "Configuration" msgstr "設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32921 +#: book.translate.xml:33038 msgid "" "To perform DVD recording, use growisofs1SCSI subsystem to access the devices, " "therefore ATAPI/CAM support must be loaded " @@ -47841,7 +48597,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32933 +#: book.translate.xml:33050 msgid "" "DMA access must also be enabled for ATAPI devices, by " "adding the following line to /boot/loader.conf:" @@ -47848,13 +48604,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32937 book.translate.xml:33249 +#: book.translate.xml:33054 book.translate.xml:33366 #, no-wrap msgid "hw.ata.atapi_dma=\"1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32939 +#: book.translate.xml:33056 msgid "" "Before attempting to use dvd+rw-tools, consult " "the sysutils/k3b which provides a user friendly interface to DVDs" msgstr "燒錄資料 DVD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32954 +#: book.translate.xml:33071 msgid "" "Since growisofs1 is a front-end to " @@ -47888,7 +48644,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32960 +#: book.translate.xml:33077 msgid "" "To burn to a DVD+R or a DVD-R the data in /path/to/data, use the following command:" @@ -47895,13 +48651,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32964 +#: book.translate.xml:33081 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32966 +#: book.translate.xml:33083 msgid "" "In this example, is passed to mkisofs8-Z is used for both " "single and multiple sessions. Replace /dev/cd0, " @@ -47922,7 +48678,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32980 +#: book.translate.xml:33097 msgid "" "To burn a pre-mastered image, such as imagefile.iso, use:" @@ -47929,13 +48685,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32983 +#: book.translate.xml:33100 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0=imagefile.iso" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32985 +#: book.translate.xml:33102 msgid "" "The write speed should be detected and automatically set according to the " "media and the drive being used. To force the write speed, use to " @@ -47961,29 +48717,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:33002 +#: book.translate.xml:33119 msgid "To create this type of ISO file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33004 +#: book.translate.xml:33121 #, no-wrap msgid "% mkisofs -R -J -udf -iso-level 3 -o imagefile.iso /path/to/data" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:33006 +#: book.translate.xml:33123 msgid "To burn files directly to a disk:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33008 +#: book.translate.xml:33125 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -dvd-compat -udf -iso-level 3 -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:33010 +#: book.translate.xml:33127 msgid "" "When an ISO image already contains large files, no additional options are " "required for growisofssysutils/cdrtools, which contains DVD-Video" msgstr "燒錄 DVD-Video" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33026 +#: book.translate.xml:33143 msgid "" "DVD DVD-Video" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33031 +#: book.translate.xml:33148 msgid "" "A DVD-Video is a specific file layout based on the ISO 9660 and micro-UDF (M-" "UDF) specifications. Since DVD-Video presents a specific data structure " @@ -48024,7 +48780,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33037 +#: book.translate.xml:33154 msgid "" "If an image of the DVD-Video file system already exists, it can be burned in " "the same way as any other image. If dvdauthor was used to " @@ -48033,13 +48789,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33044 +#: book.translate.xml:33161 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -dvd-video /path/to/video" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33046 +#: book.translate.xml:33163 msgid "" " is passed to mkisofs8DVD+RW" msgstr "使用 DVD+RW" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33055 +#: book.translate.xml:33172 msgid "" "DVD DVD+RW" @@ -48062,7 +48818,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33060 +#: book.translate.xml:33177 msgid "" "Unlike CD-RW, a virgin DVD+RW needs to be formatted " "before first use. It is recommended to let " @@ -48073,13 +48829,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33067 book.translate.xml:33173 +#: book.translate.xml:33184 book.translate.xml:33290 #, no-wrap msgid "# dvd+rw-format /dev/cd0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33069 +#: book.translate.xml:33186 msgid "" "Only perform this operation once and keep in mind that only virgin " "DVD+RW medias need to be formatted. Once formatted, the " @@ -48087,7 +48843,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33074 +#: book.translate.xml:33191 msgid "" "To burn a totally new file system and not just append some data onto a " "DVD+RW, the media does not need to be blanked first. " @@ -48095,13 +48851,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33079 +#: book.translate.xml:33196 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/newdata" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33081 +#: book.translate.xml:33198 msgid "" "The DVD+RW format supports appending data to a previous " "recording. This operation consists of merging a new session to the existing " @@ -48112,7 +48868,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33088 +#: book.translate.xml:33205 msgid "" "For example, to append data to a DVD+RW, use the " "following:" @@ -48119,13 +48875,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33091 book.translate.xml:33195 +#: book.translate.xml:33208 book.translate.xml:33312 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -M /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/nextdata" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33093 +#: book.translate.xml:33210 msgid "" "The same mkisofs8 options used to burn " @@ -48133,7 +48889,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:33097 +#: book.translate.xml:33214 msgid "" "Use for better media compatibility with " "DVD-ROM drives. When using DVD+RW, " @@ -48141,23 +48897,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33103 +#: book.translate.xml:33220 msgid "To blank the media, use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33105 +#: book.translate.xml:33222 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -Z /dev/cd0=/dev/zero" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:33109 +#: book.translate.xml:33226 msgid "Using a DVD-RW" msgstr "使用 DVD-RW" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33111 +#: book.translate.xml:33228 msgid "" "DVD DVD-RW" @@ -48164,7 +48920,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33116 +#: book.translate.xml:33233 msgid "" "A DVD-RW accepts two disc formats: incremental sequential " "and restricted overwrite. By default, DVD-RW discs are in " @@ -48172,7 +48928,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33121 +#: book.translate.xml:33238 msgid "" "A virgin DVD-RW can be directly written without being " "formatted. However, a non-virgin DVD-RW in sequential " @@ -48180,18 +48936,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33126 +#: book.translate.xml:33243 msgid "To blank a DVD-RW in sequential mode:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33129 book.translate.xml:33177 +#: book.translate.xml:33246 book.translate.xml:33294 #, no-wrap msgid "# dvd+rw-format -blank=full /dev/cd0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:33132 +#: book.translate.xml:33249 msgid "" "A full blanking using will take about one hour " "on a 1x media. A fast blanking can be performed using tunable to " "reduce the CPU utilization of FreeBSD under the Parallels/boot/loader.conf 來完成這個動作：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:41847 book.translate.xml:42052 book.translate.xml:42256 +#: book.translate.xml:41964 book.translate.xml:42169 book.translate.xml:42373 #, no-wrap msgid "kern.hz=100" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:41849 +#: book.translate.xml:41966 msgid "" "Without this setting, an idle FreeBSD Parallels " "guest will use roughly 15% of the CPU of a single processor Parallels " @@ -61164,12 +62029,12 @@ "citerefentry> 外的所有網路裝置可以自核心中移除。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:41867 book.translate.xml:42073 book.translate.xml:42276 +#: book.translate.xml:41984 book.translate.xml:42190 book.translate.xml:42393 msgid "Configure Networking" msgstr "設定網路" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:41869 +#: book.translate.xml:41986 msgid "" "The most basic networking setup uses DHCP to connect the virtual machine to " "the same local area network as the host MacVirtual PC for Windows" @@ -61193,7 +62058,7 @@ "Virtual PC 安裝 FreeBSD 為客端" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:41885 +#: book.translate.xml:42002 msgid "" "Virtual PC for Windows is a MicrosoftVirtual PC" msgstr "在 Virtual PC 安裝 FreeBSD " #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41897 +#: book.translate.xml:42014 msgid "" "The first step in installing FreeBSD on Virtual PC is to create a new virtual machine for installing FreeBSD. " @@ -61235,7 +62100,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41905 +#: book.translate.xml:42022 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd1' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -61245,13 +62110,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41911 +#: book.translate.xml:42028 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd2' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41915 +#: book.translate.xml:42032 msgid "" "Select Other as the Operating " "system when prompted:" @@ -61264,13 +62129,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41921 +#: book.translate.xml:42038 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd3' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41925 +#: book.translate.xml:42042 msgid "" "Then, choose a reasonable amount of disk and memory depending on the plans " "for this virtual FreeBSD instance. 4GB of disk space and 512MB of RAM work " @@ -61285,7 +62150,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41932 +#: book.translate.xml:42049 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd4' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -61295,7 +62160,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41938 +#: book.translate.xml:42055 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd5' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -61305,13 +62170,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41946 +#: book.translate.xml:42063 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd6' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41950 +#: book.translate.xml:42067 msgid "" "Select the FreeBSD virtual machine and click Settings, " "then set the type of networking and a network interface:" @@ -61324,7 +62189,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41956 +#: book.translate.xml:42073 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd7' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -61334,13 +62199,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41962 +#: book.translate.xml:42079 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd8' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41966 +#: book.translate.xml:42083 msgid "" "After the FreeBSD virtual machine has been created, FreeBSD can be installed " "on it. This is best done with an official FreeBSD CD/" @@ -61372,7 +62237,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41984 +#: book.translate.xml:42101 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd9' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -61382,13 +62247,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41990 +#: book.translate.xml:42107 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd10' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41994 +#: book.translate.xml:42111 msgid "" "Once this association with the CD-ROM source has been " "made, reboot the FreeBSD virtual machine by clicking ActionCD/DVD or release the ISO image. " @@ -61446,18 +62311,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42026 +#: book.translate.xml:42143 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd13' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42032 +#: book.translate.xml:42149 msgid "Configuring FreeBSD on Virtual PC" msgstr "在 Virtual PC 設定 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42035 +#: book.translate.xml:42152 msgid "" "After FreeBSD has been successfully installed on Microsoft kern.hz tunable to " "reduce the CPU utilization of FreeBSD under the Virtual PC/boot/loader.conf 來完成：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42054 +#: book.translate.xml:42171 msgid "" "Without this setting, an idle FreeBSD Virtual PC " "guest OS will use roughly 40% of the CPU of a single processor computer. " @@ -61493,7 +62358,7 @@ "OS 會消耗掉單一處理器的電腦 40% 的 CPU。完成此更改後使用率會減至接近 3%。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42064 +#: book.translate.xml:42181 msgid "" "All of the SCSI, FireWire, and USB device drivers can be removed from a " "custom kernel configuration file. Virtual PC " @@ -61514,7 +62379,7 @@ "citerefentry> 外的所有網路裝置可以自核心中移除。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42075 +#: book.translate.xml:42192 msgid "" "The most basic networking setup uses DHCP to connect the virtual machine to " "the same local area network as the 中描述。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:42088 +#: book.translate.xml:42205 msgid "" "FreeBSD as a Guest on VMware Fusion for " "Mac OS" @@ -61539,7 +62404,7 @@ "Fusion 安裝 FreeBSD 為客端" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42091 +#: book.translate.xml:42208 msgid "" "VMware Fusion for Mac is a commercial software product available for 後，使用者必先完成虛擬機器的設定後才可安裝想使用的客端作業系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42100 +#: book.translate.xml:42217 msgid "Installing FreeBSD on VMware Fusion" msgstr "在 VMware Fusion 安裝 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42103 +#: book.translate.xml:42220 msgid "" "The first step is to start VMware Fusion which " "will load the Virtual Machine Library. Click New " @@ -61579,13 +62444,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42110 +#: book.translate.xml:42227 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd01' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42114 +#: book.translate.xml:42231 msgid "" "This will load the New Virtual Machine Assistant. Click " "Continue to proceed:" @@ -61598,13 +62463,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42119 +#: book.translate.xml:42236 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd02' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42123 +#: book.translate.xml:42240 msgid "" "Select Other as the Operating " "System and either FreeBSD or " @@ -61621,13 +62486,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42131 +#: book.translate.xml:42248 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd03' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42135 +#: book.translate.xml:42252 msgid "" "Choose the name of the virtual machine and the directory where it should be " "saved:" @@ -61638,13 +62503,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42140 +#: book.translate.xml:42257 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd04' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42144 +#: book.translate.xml:42261 msgid "Choose the size of the Virtual Hard Disk for the virtual machine:" msgstr "選擇虛擬機器的 Virtual Hard Disk 大小：" @@ -61653,13 +62518,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42149 +#: book.translate.xml:42266 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd05' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42153 +#: book.translate.xml:42270 msgid "" "Choose the method to install the virtual machine, either from an " "ISO image or from a CD/DVDFinish and the virtual machine will boot:" msgstr "點選 Finish 接著虛擬機器會開機：" @@ -61689,13 +62554,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42168 +#: book.translate.xml:42285 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd07' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42172 +#: book.translate.xml:42289 msgid "Install FreeBSD as usual:" msgstr "照往常方式安裝 FreeBSD：" @@ -61704,13 +62569,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42176 +#: book.translate.xml:42293 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd08' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42180 +#: book.translate.xml:42297 msgid "" "Once the install is complete, the settings of the virtual machine can be " "modified, such as memory usage:" @@ -61717,7 +62582,7 @@ msgstr "安裝完成後，可以修改虛擬機器的設定，例如記憶體使用量：" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:42184 +#: book.translate.xml:42301 msgid "" "The System Hardware settings of the virtual machine cannot be modified while " "the virtual machine is running." @@ -61728,13 +62593,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42191 +#: book.translate.xml:42308 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd09' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42195 +#: book.translate.xml:42312 msgid "The number of CPUs the virtual machine will have access to:" msgstr "虛擬機器要使用的 CPU 數量：" @@ -61743,13 +62608,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42200 +#: book.translate.xml:42317 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd10' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42204 +#: book.translate.xml:42321 msgid "" "The status of the CD-ROM device. Normally the " "CD/DVD/ISO is " @@ -61764,13 +62629,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42212 +#: book.translate.xml:42329 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd11' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42216 +#: book.translate.xml:42333 msgid "" "The last thing to change is how the virtual machine will connect to the " "network. To allow connections to the virtual machine from other machines " @@ -61791,13 +62656,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42228 +#: book.translate.xml:42345 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd12' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42232 +#: book.translate.xml:42349 msgid "" "After modifying the settings, boot the newly installed FreeBSD virtual " "machine." @@ -61804,12 +62669,12 @@ msgstr "在修改設定之後，開機進入新安裝的 FreeBSD 虛擬機器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42237 +#: book.translate.xml:42354 msgid "Configuring FreeBSD on VMware Fusion" msgstr "在 VMware Fusion 設定 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42240 +#: book.translate.xml:42357 msgid "" "After FreeBSD has been successfully installed on Mac OS X with VMware Fusionkern.hz tunable to " "reduce the CPU utilization of FreeBSD under the VMware Fusion/boot/loader.conf 來完成：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42258 +#: book.translate.xml:42375 msgid "" "Without this setting, an idle FreeBSD VMware Fusion guest will use roughly 15% of the CPU of a single processor " @@ -61845,7 +62710,7 @@ "近 15% 的 CPU。完成此更改後使用率會減至接近 5%。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42267 +#: book.translate.xml:42384 msgid "" "All of the FireWire, and USB device drivers can be removed from a custom " "kernel configuration file. VMware Fusion provides " @@ -61863,7 +62728,7 @@ "核心中移除。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42278 +#: book.translate.xml:42395 msgid "" "The most basic networking setup uses DHCP to connect the virtual machine to " "the same local area network as the host MacVirtualBox" msgstr "在 VirtualBox 使用 FreeBSD 作為客端" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42293 +#: book.translate.xml:42410 msgid "" "FreeBSD works well as a guest in VirtualBox. The virtualization software is available for most " @@ -61891,7 +62756,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42298 +#: book.translate.xml:42415 msgid "" "The VirtualBox guest " "additions provide support for:" @@ -61898,37 +62763,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42303 +#: book.translate.xml:42420 msgid "Clipboard sharing." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42307 +#: book.translate.xml:42424 msgid "Mouse pointer integration." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42311 +#: book.translate.xml:42428 msgid "Host time synchronization." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42315 +#: book.translate.xml:42432 msgid "Window scaling." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42319 +#: book.translate.xml:42436 msgid "Seamless mode." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:42324 +#: book.translate.xml:42441 msgid "These commands are run in the FreeBSD guest." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42327 +#: book.translate.xml:42444 msgid "" "First, install the emulators/virtualbox-ose-additions " "package or port in the FreeBSD guest. This will install the port:" @@ -61935,18 +62800,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42331 +#: book.translate.xml:42448 #, no-wrap msgid "# cd /usr/ports/emulators/virtualbox-ose-additions && make install clean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42333 +#: book.translate.xml:42450 msgid "Add these lines to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42335 +#: book.translate.xml:42452 #, no-wrap msgid "" "vboxguest_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -61954,7 +62819,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42338 +#: book.translate.xml:42455 msgid "" "If ntpd8 or ntpdateXorg will automatically recognize the " "vboxvideo driver. It can also be manually entered in " @@ -61977,7 +62842,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42348 +#: book.translate.xml:42465 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -61989,7 +62854,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42355 +#: book.translate.xml:42472 msgid "" "To use the vboxmouse driver, adjust the mouse section in " "/etc/X11/xorg.conf:" @@ -61996,7 +62861,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42358 +#: book.translate.xml:42475 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"InputDevice\"\n" @@ -62006,7 +62871,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42363 +#: book.translate.xml:42480 msgid "" "HAL users should create the following /usr/" "local/etc/hal/fdi/policy/90-vboxguest.fdi or copy it from " @@ -62015,7 +62880,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42368 +#: book.translate.xml:42485 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n" @@ -62053,12 +62918,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:42403 +#: book.translate.xml:42520 msgid "FreeBSD as a Host with VirtualBox" msgstr "以 FreeBSD 作為主端安裝 VirtualBox " #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42406 +#: book.translate.xml:42523 msgid "" "VirtualBox is an actively " "developed, complete virtualization package, that is available for most " @@ -62076,12 +62941,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42419 +#: book.translate.xml:42536 msgid "Installing VirtualBox" msgstr "安裝 VirtualBox" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42421 +#: book.translate.xml:42538 msgid "" "VirtualBox is available as " "a FreeBSD package or port in emulators/virtualbox-ose. " @@ -62089,7 +62954,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42426 +#: book.translate.xml:42543 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/emulators/virtualbox-ose\n" @@ -62097,7 +62962,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42429 +#: book.translate.xml:42546 msgid "" "One useful option in the port's configuration menu is the " "GuestAdditions suite of programs. These provide a number " @@ -62110,7 +62975,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42439 +#: book.translate.xml:42556 msgid "" "A few configuration changes are needed before " "VirtualBox is started for " @@ -62119,13 +62984,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42445 +#: book.translate.xml:42562 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload vboxdrv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42447 +#: book.translate.xml:42564 msgid "" "To ensure the module is always loaded after a reboot, add this line to " "/boot/loader.conf:" @@ -62132,13 +62997,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42451 +#: book.translate.xml:42568 #, no-wrap msgid "vboxdrv_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42453 +#: book.translate.xml:42570 msgid "" "To use the kernel modules that allow bridged or host-only networking, add " "this line to /etc/rc.conf and reboot the computer:" @@ -62145,13 +63010,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42458 +#: book.translate.xml:42575 #, no-wrap msgid "vboxnet_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42460 +#: book.translate.xml:42577 msgid "" "The vboxusers group is created " "during installation of VirtualBox# pw groupmod vboxusers -m yourusername" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42469 +#: book.translate.xml:42586 msgid "" "The default permissions for /dev/vboxnetctl are " "restrictive and need to be changed for bridged networking:" @@ -62175,7 +63040,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42473 +#: book.translate.xml:42590 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chown root:vboxusers /dev/vboxnetctl\n" @@ -62183,7 +63048,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42476 +#: book.translate.xml:42593 msgid "" "To make this permissions change permanent, add these lines to /etc/" "devfs.conf:" @@ -62190,7 +63055,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42479 +#: book.translate.xml:42596 #, no-wrap msgid "" "own vboxnetctl root:vboxusers\n" @@ -62198,7 +63063,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42482 +#: book.translate.xml:42599 msgid "" "To launch VirtualBox, type " "from a Xorg session:" @@ -62205,13 +63070,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42485 +#: book.translate.xml:42602 #, no-wrap msgid "% VirtualBox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42487 +#: book.translate.xml:42604 msgid "" "For more information on configuring and using " "VirtualBox, refer to the " @@ -62222,12 +63087,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42496 +#: book.translate.xml:42613 msgid "VirtualBox USB Support" msgstr "VirtualBox USB 支援" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42498 +#: book.translate.xml:42615 msgid "" "The VirtualBox extension " "pack is not available for FreeBSD hosts. Without the extension pack, the " @@ -62236,7 +63101,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42505 +#: book.translate.xml:42622 msgid "" "VirtualBox Host DVD/CD Access" @@ -62245,7 +63110,7 @@ "acronym> 存取" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42508 +#: book.translate.xml:42625 msgid "" "Access to the host DVD/CD drives from " "guests is achieved through the sharing of the physical drives. Within " @@ -62260,7 +63125,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42522 +#: book.translate.xml:42639 msgid "" "HAL needs to run for VirtualBox DVD/CD " @@ -62269,19 +63134,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42528 +#: book.translate.xml:42645 #, no-wrap msgid "hald_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42530 +#: book.translate.xml:42647 #, no-wrap msgid "# service hald start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42532 +#: book.translate.xml:42649 msgid "" "In order for users to be able to use VirtualBox DVD/CD " @@ -62294,7 +63159,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42543 +#: book.translate.xml:42660 #, no-wrap msgid "" "perm cd* 0660\n" @@ -62303,18 +63168,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42547 +#: book.translate.xml:42664 #, no-wrap msgid "# service devfs restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:42552 +#: book.translate.xml:42669 msgid "FreeBSD as a Host with bhyve" msgstr "以 FreeBSD 作為主端安裝 bhyve " #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42555 +#: book.translate.xml:42672 msgid "" "The bhyve BSD-licensed " "hypervisor became part of the base system with FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE. This " @@ -62327,7 +63192,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42566 +#: book.translate.xml:42683 msgid "" "The bhyve design requires a processor that " "supports Intel Extended Page " @@ -62356,12 +63221,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42591 +#: book.translate.xml:42708 msgid "Preparing the Host" msgstr "準備主端" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42593 +#: book.translate.xml:42710 msgid "" "The first step to creating a virtual machine in bhyve is configuring the host system. First, load the " @@ -62369,13 +63234,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42598 +#: book.translate.xml:42715 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload vmm" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42600 +#: book.translate.xml:42717 msgid "" "Then, create a tap interface for the network device in " "the virtual machine to attach to. In order for the network device to " @@ -62385,7 +63250,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42608 +#: book.translate.xml:42725 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig tap0 create\n" @@ -62397,12 +63262,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42617 +#: book.translate.xml:42734 msgid "Creating a FreeBSD Guest" msgstr "建立 FreeBSD 客端" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42619 +#: book.translate.xml:42736 msgid "" "Create a file to use as the virtual disk for the guest machine. Specify the " "size and name of the virtual disk:" @@ -62409,18 +63274,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42623 +#: book.translate.xml:42740 #, no-wrap msgid "# truncate -s 16G guest.img" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42625 +#: book.translate.xml:42742 msgid "Download an installation image of FreeBSD to install:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42627 +#: book.translate.xml:42744 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# fetch ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso\n" @@ -62428,7 +63293,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42630 +#: book.translate.xml:42747 msgid "" "FreeBSD comes with an example script for running a virtual machine in " "bhyve. The script will start the virtual machine " @@ -62446,13 +63311,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42647 +#: book.translate.xml:42764 #, no-wrap msgid "# sh /usr/share/examples/bhyve/vmrun.sh -c 4 -m 1024M -t tap0 -d guest.img -i -I FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso guestname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42649 +#: book.translate.xml:42766 msgid "" "The virtual machine will boot and start the installer. After installing a " "system in the virtual machine, when the system asks about dropping in to a " @@ -62463,13 +63328,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42657 +#: book.translate.xml:42774 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyu0 \"/usr/libexec/getty 3wire\" xterm on secure" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:42659 +#: book.translate.xml:42776 msgid "" "Beginning with FreeBSD 9.3-RELEASE and 10.1-RELEASE the console is " "configured automatically." @@ -62476,7 +63341,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42663 +#: book.translate.xml:42780 msgid "" "Reboot the virtual machine. While rebooting the virtual machine causes " "bhyve to exit, the vmrun.sh " @@ -62487,18 +63352,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42671 +#: book.translate.xml:42788 #, no-wrap msgid "# sh /usr/share/examples/bhyve/vmrun.sh -c 4 -m 1024M -t tap0 -d guest.img guestname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42675 +#: book.translate.xml:42792 msgid "Creating a Linux Guest" msgstr "建立 Linux 客端" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42677 +#: book.translate.xml:42794 msgid "" "In order to boot operating systems other than FreeBSD, the sysutils/" "grub2-bhyve port must be first installed." @@ -62505,18 +63370,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42681 +#: book.translate.xml:42798 msgid "Next, create a file to use as the virtual disk for the guest machine:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42684 +#: book.translate.xml:42801 #, no-wrap msgid "# truncate -s 16G linux.img" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42686 +#: book.translate.xml:42803 msgid "" "Starting a virtual machine with bhyve is a two " "step process. First a kernel must be loaded, then the guest can be started. " @@ -62527,7 +63392,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42695 +#: book.translate.xml:42812 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(hd0) ./linux.img\n" @@ -62535,7 +63400,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42698 +#: book.translate.xml:42815 msgid "" "Use sysutils/grub2-bhyve to load the Linux kernel from the ISO " @@ -62543,13 +63408,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42701 +#: book.translate.xml:42818 #, no-wrap msgid "# grub-bhyve -m device.map -r cd0 -M 1024M linuxguest" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42703 +#: book.translate.xml:42820 msgid "" "This will start grub. If the installation CD contains a " "grub.cfg, a menu will be displayed. If not, the " @@ -62558,7 +63423,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42710 +#: book.translate.xml:42827 #, no-wrap msgid "" "grub> ls\n" @@ -62572,7 +63437,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42719 +#: book.translate.xml:42836 msgid "" "Now that the Linux kernel is " "loaded, the guest can be started:" @@ -62579,15 +63444,15 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42722 +#: book.translate.xml:42839 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap1 -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./linux.img \\\n" +"# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./linux.img \\\n" " -s 4:0,ahci-cd,./somelinux.iso -l com1,stdio -c 4 -m 1024M linuxguest" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42725 +#: book.translate.xml:42842 msgid "" "The system will boot and start the installer. After installing a system in " "the virtual machine, reboot the virtual machine. This will cause " @@ -62596,19 +63461,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42731 book.translate.xml:42759 +#: book.translate.xml:42848 book.translate.xml:42876 #, no-wrap msgid "# bhyvectl --destroy --vm=linuxguest" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42733 +#: book.translate.xml:42850 msgid "" "Now the guest can be started directly from the virtual disk. Load the kernel:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42736 +#: book.translate.xml:42853 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# grub-bhyve -m device.map -r hd0,msdos1 -M 1024M linuxguest\n" @@ -62625,20 +63490,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42748 +#: book.translate.xml:42865 msgid "Boot the virtual machine:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42750 +#: book.translate.xml:42867 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap1 \\\n" +"# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 \\\n" " -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./linux.img -l com1,stdio -c 4 -m 1024M linuxguest" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42753 +#: book.translate.xml:42870 msgid "" "Linux will now boot in the " "virtual machine and eventually present you with the login prompt. Login and " @@ -62648,13 +63513,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42763 +#: book.translate.xml:42880 msgid "" "Using ZFS with bhyve Guests" msgstr "在 bhyve Guests 使用 ZFS" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42766 +#: book.translate.xml:42883 msgid "" "If ZFS is available on the host machine, using " "ZFS volumes instead of disk image files can provide " @@ -62663,13 +63528,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42772 +#: book.translate.xml:42889 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs create -V16G -o volmode=dev zroot/linuxdisk0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42774 +#: book.translate.xml:42891 msgid "" "When starting the VM, specify the ZFS " "volume as the disk drive:" @@ -62676,20 +63541,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42777 +#: book.translate.xml:42894 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap1 -s3:0,virtio-blk,/dev/zvol/zroot/linuxdisk0 \\\n" +"# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 -s3:0,virtio-blk,/dev/zvol/zroot/linuxdisk0 \\\n" " -l com1,stdio -c 4 -m 1024M linuxguest" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42782 +#: book.translate.xml:42899 msgid "Virtual Machine Consoles" msgstr "虛擬機器 Console" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42784 +#: book.translate.xml:42901 msgid "" "It is advantageous to wrap the bhyve console in a " "session management tool such as sysutils/tmux or " @@ -62706,11 +63571,11 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42801 +#: book.translate.xml:42918 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kldload nmdm\n" -"# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap1 -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./linux.img \\\n" +"# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./linux.img \\\n" " -l com1,/dev/nmdm0A -c 4 -m 1024M linuxguest\n" "# cu -l /dev/nmdm0B\n" "Connected\n" @@ -62721,12 +63586,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42813 +#: book.translate.xml:42930 msgid "Managing Virtual Machines" msgstr "管理虛擬機器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42815 +#: book.translate.xml:42932 msgid "" "A device node is created in /dev/vmm " "for each virtual machine. This allows the administrator to easily see a list " @@ -62734,7 +63599,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42819 +#: book.translate.xml:42936 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ls -al /dev/vmm\n" @@ -62747,7 +63612,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42827 +#: book.translate.xml:42944 msgid "" "A specified virtual machine can be destroyed using bhyvectl:" @@ -62754,18 +63619,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42830 +#: book.translate.xml:42947 #, no-wrap msgid "# bhyvectl --destroy --vm=guestname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42834 +#: book.translate.xml:42951 msgid "Persistent Configuration" msgstr "Persistent 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42836 +#: book.translate.xml:42953 msgid "" "In order to configure the system to start bhyve " "guests at boot time, the following configurations must be made in the " @@ -62773,23 +63638,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:42843 +#: book.translate.xml:42960 msgid "/etc/sysctl.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42845 +#: book.translate.xml:42962 #, no-wrap msgid "net.link.tap.up_on_open=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:42849 +#: book.translate.xml:42966 msgid "/boot/loader.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42851 +#: book.translate.xml:42968 #, no-wrap msgid "" "vmm_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -62799,12 +63664,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:42858 +#: book.translate.xml:42975 msgid "/etc/rc.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42860 +#: book.translate.xml:42977 #, no-wrap msgid "" "cloned_interfaces=\"bridge0 tap0\"\n" @@ -62812,7 +63677,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:42888 +#: book.translate.xml:43005 msgid "" "Localization - i18n/L10n Usage and " "Setup" @@ -62819,7 +63684,7 @@ msgstr "在地化 - i18n/L10n 使用與安裝" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:42893 +#: book.translate.xml:43010 msgid "" "AndreyChernovContributed by " @@ -62826,7 +63691,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:42897 +#: book.translate.xml:43014 msgid "" "Michael C.WuRewritten by " @@ -62833,7 +63698,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42907 +#: book.translate.xml:43024 msgid "" "FreeBSD is a distributed project with users and contributors located all " "over the world. As such, FreeBSD supports localization into many languages, " @@ -62846,17 +63711,17 @@ "含但不限於以下語言：中文、德文、日文、韓文、法文、俄文及越南文。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:42915 +#: book.translate.xml:43032 msgid "internationalization localization" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:42919 +#: book.translate.xml:43036 msgid "localization" msgstr "在地化" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42921 +#: book.translate.xml:43038 msgid "" "The term internationalization has been shortened to i18n, " "which represents the number of letters between the first and the last " @@ -62872,7 +63737,7 @@ "方法、協定及應用程式讓使用者可以自己選擇使用的語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42931 +#: book.translate.xml:43048 msgid "" "This chapter discusses the internationalization and localization features of " "FreeBSD. After reading this chapter, you will know:" @@ -62879,38 +63744,38 @@ msgstr "本章會討論 FreeBSD 的國際化及在地化功能。在閱讀本章之後，您會了解：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42937 +#: book.translate.xml:43054 msgid "How locale names are constructed." msgstr "語系名稱如何組成。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42941 +#: book.translate.xml:43058 msgid "How to set the locale for a login shell." msgstr "如何設定登入 Shell 的語系。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42945 +#: book.translate.xml:43062 msgid "How to configure the console for non-English languages." msgstr "如何設定 Console 給非英文語言的使用者。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42950 +#: book.translate.xml:43067 msgid "" "How to configure Xorg for different languages." msgstr "如果設定 Xorg 使用不同語言。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42955 +#: book.translate.xml:43072 msgid "How to find i18n-compliant applications." msgstr "如何找到支援 i18n 的應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42960 +#: book.translate.xml:43077 msgid "Where to find more information for configuring specific languages." msgstr "那裡可以找到更多設定特定語言的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42968 +#: book.translate.xml:43085 msgid "" "Know how to install additional third-party " "applications." @@ -62917,18 +63782,18 @@ msgstr "了解如何 安裝其他第三方應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:42975 +#: book.translate.xml:43092 msgid "Using Localization" msgstr "使用語系" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:42977 book.translate.xml:43094 +#: book.translate.xml:43094 book.translate.xml:43211 msgid "locale" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42979 +#: book.translate.xml:43096 msgid "" "Localization settings are based on three components: the language code, " "country code, and encoding. Locale names are constructed from these parts as " @@ -62938,23 +63803,23 @@ "下：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42983 +#: book.translate.xml:43100 #, no-wrap msgid "LanguageCode_CountryCode.Encoding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:42985 +#: book.translate.xml:43102 msgid "language codes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:42986 +#: book.translate.xml:43103 msgid "country codes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42988 +#: book.translate.xml:43105 msgid "" "The LanguageCode and CountryCode are used to determine the country and the specific language " @@ -62968,79 +63833,79 @@ "replaceable> 的範例：" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:42994 +#: book.translate.xml:43111 msgid "Common Language and Country Codes" msgstr "常用語言及城市代碼" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:42999 +#: book.translate.xml:43116 msgid "LanguageCode_Country Code" msgstr "語言代號_城市代號" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43006 +#: book.translate.xml:43123 msgid "en_US" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43007 +#: book.translate.xml:43124 msgid "English, United States" msgstr "英文，美國" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43011 +#: book.translate.xml:43128 msgid "ru_RU" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43012 +#: book.translate.xml:43129 msgid "Russian, Russia" msgstr "俄文，俄國" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43016 +#: book.translate.xml:43133 msgid "zh_TW" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43017 +#: book.translate.xml:43134 msgid "Traditional Chinese, Taiwan" msgstr "繁體中文，台灣" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43023 +#: book.translate.xml:43140 msgid "A complete listing of available locales can be found by typing:" msgstr "完整可用的語系清單可用以下指令查詢：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43026 +#: book.translate.xml:43143 #, no-wrap msgid "% locale -a | more" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43028 +#: book.translate.xml:43145 msgid "To determine the current locale setting:" msgstr "查詢目前使用的語系設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43030 +#: book.translate.xml:43147 #, no-wrap msgid "% locale" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43032 +#: book.translate.xml:43149 msgid "encodings" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43033 +#: book.translate.xml:43150 msgid "ASCII" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43035 +#: book.translate.xml:43152 msgid "" "Language specific character sets, such as ISO8859-1, ISO8859-15, KOI8-R, and " "CP437, are described in multibyteASCII characters and require an extended language " @@ -63073,12 +63938,12 @@ "組字元支援或者使用正確的字元設定來編譯應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:43053 +#: book.translate.xml:43170 msgid "FreeBSD uses Xorg-compatible locale encodings." msgstr "FreeBSD 使用 Xorg 相容的語系編碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43056 +#: book.translate.xml:43173 msgid "" "The rest of this section describes the various methods for configuring the " "locale on a FreeBSD system. The next section will discuss the considerations " @@ -63088,12 +63953,12 @@ "找以及編譯使用 i18n 支援的應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43062 +#: book.translate.xml:43179 msgid "Setting Locale for Login Shell" msgstr "設定登入 Shell 的語系" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43064 +#: book.translate.xml:43181 msgid "" "Locale settings are configured either in a user's ~/.login_conf or in the startup file of the user's shell: ~/.profile~/.cshrc。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43071 +#: book.translate.xml:43188 msgid "Two environment variables should be set:" msgstr "有兩個環境變數需要設定：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43076 +#: book.translate.xml:43193 msgid "LANG, which sets the locale<_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "LANG 用來設定語系<_:indexterm-1/>" #. (itstool) path: listitem/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43081 +#: book.translate.xml:43198 msgid "MIME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43083 +#: book.translate.xml:43200 msgid "" "MM_CHARSET, which sets the MIME character " "set used by applications" @@ -63128,7 +63993,7 @@ "元集" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43089 +#: book.translate.xml:43206 msgid "" "In addition to the user's shell configuration, these variables should also " "be set for specific application configuration and Xorglogin class" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43097 +#: book.translate.xml:43214 msgid "" "Two methods are available for making the needed variable assignments: the " "login class method, which is the " @@ -63156,12 +64021,12 @@ "(Startup file) 法。以下兩節將示範如何使用這兩個方法。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:43105 +#: book.translate.xml:43222 msgid "Login Classes Method" msgstr "登入類別 (Login Class) 法" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43107 +#: book.translate.xml:43224 msgid "" "This first method is the recommended method as it assigns the required " "environment variables for locale name and MIME character " @@ -63173,7 +64038,7 @@ "者設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43114 +#: book.translate.xml:43231 msgid "" "This minimal example sets both variables for Latin-1 encoding in the " ".login_conf of an individual user's home directory:" @@ -63182,7 +64047,7 @@ "定 Latin-1 編碼使用的兩個環境變數：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43118 +#: book.translate.xml:43235 #, no-wrap msgid "" "me:\\\n" @@ -63191,13 +64056,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43122 +#: book.translate.xml:43239 msgid "" "Traditional Chinese BIG-5 encoding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43125 +#: book.translate.xml:43242 msgid "" "Here is an example of a user's ~/.login_conf that sets " "the variables for Traditional Chinese in BIG-5 encoding. More variables are " @@ -63209,7 +64074,7 @@ "因此需要額外多做一些設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43132 +#: book.translate.xml:43249 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#Users who do not wish to use monetary units or time formats\n" @@ -63222,7 +64087,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43140 +#: book.translate.xml:43257 msgid "" "Alternately, the superuser can configure all users of the system for " "localization. The following variables in /etc/login.conf 中的變數可用來設定語系及 MIME 字元集：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43145 +#: book.translate.xml:43262 #, no-wrap msgid "" "language_name|Account Type Description:\\\n" @@ -63243,12 +64108,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43150 +#: book.translate.xml:43267 msgid "So, the previous Latin-1 example would look like this:" msgstr "若套用之前的 Latin-1 編碼範例如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43153 +#: book.translate.xml:43270 #, no-wrap msgid "" "german|German Users Accounts:\\\n" @@ -63258,7 +64123,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43158 +#: book.translate.xml:43275 msgid "" "See login.conf5 for more details about these variables." @@ -63267,7 +64132,7 @@ "manvolnum> 以取得更多有關這些變數的詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43161 +#: book.translate.xml:43278 msgid "" "Whenever /etc/login.conf is edited, remember to execute " "the following command to update the capability database:" @@ -63276,17 +64141,17 @@ "新登入類別的能力資料庫(Capability database)：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:43168 +#: book.translate.xml:43285 msgid "Utilities Which Change Login Classes" msgstr "變更登入類別的工具" #. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43170 +#: book.translate.xml:43287 msgid "vipw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43174 +#: book.translate.xml:43291 msgid "" "In addition to manually editing /etc/login.conf, " "several utilities are available for setting the locale for newly created " @@ -63296,7 +64161,7 @@ "新建立的使用者設定語系。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43179 +#: book.translate.xml:43296 msgid "" "When using vipw to add new users, specify the " "language to set the locale:" @@ -63305,13 +64170,13 @@ "replaceable> 來設定語系：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43183 +#: book.translate.xml:43300 #, no-wrap msgid "user:password:1111:11:language:0:0:User Name:/home/user:/bin/sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43190 +#: book.translate.xml:43307 msgid "" "When using adduser to add new users, the default language " "can be pre-configured for all new users or specified for an individual user." @@ -63320,7 +64185,7 @@ "者事先設定預設的語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43194 +#: book.translate.xml:43311 msgid "" "If all new users use the same language, set " "defaultclass=language in " @@ -63331,7 +64196,7 @@ "literal>。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43198 +#: book.translate.xml:43315 msgid "" "To override this setting when creating a user, either input the required " "locale at this prompt:" @@ -63338,24 +64203,24 @@ msgstr "要在建立使用者時覆蓋預設的設定，可在出現此提示時輸入需要的語系：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43201 +#: book.translate.xml:43318 #, no-wrap msgid "Enter login class: default []:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43203 +#: book.translate.xml:43320 msgid "or specify the locale to set when invoking adduser:" msgstr "或執行 adduser 時指定語系：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43206 +#: book.translate.xml:43323 #, no-wrap msgid "# adduser -class language" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43212 +#: book.translate.xml:43329 msgid "" "If pw is used to add new users, specify the locale as " "follows:" @@ -63362,18 +64227,18 @@ msgstr "若使用 pw 來新增使用者，則可指定語系如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43215 +#: book.translate.xml:43332 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw useradd user_name -L language" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:43220 +#: book.translate.xml:43337 msgid "Shell Startup File Method" msgstr "Shell 啟動檔 (Startup File) 法" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43222 +#: book.translate.xml:43339 msgid "" "This second method is not recommended as each shell that is used requires " "manual configuration, where each shell has a different configuration file " @@ -63390,7 +64255,7 @@ "filename> 或 /usr/share/skel/dot.profile：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43233 +#: book.translate.xml:43350 #, no-wrap msgid "" "LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG\n" @@ -63398,7 +64263,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43236 +#: book.translate.xml:43353 msgid "" "However, the name of the configuration file and the syntax used differs for " "the csh shell. These are the equivalent settings for " @@ -63410,7 +64275,7 @@ "login 或 /usr/share/skel/dot.login：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43243 +#: book.translate.xml:43360 #, no-wrap msgid "" "setenv LANG de_DE.ISO8859-1\n" @@ -63418,7 +64283,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43246 +#: book.translate.xml:43363 msgid "" "To complicate matters, the syntax needed to configure Xorg in ~/.xinitrc also depends upon the shell. " @@ -63430,24 +64295,24 @@ "command> shell 而第二個則是針對 csh shell：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43253 +#: book.translate.xml:43370 #, no-wrap msgid "LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43255 +#: book.translate.xml:43372 #, no-wrap msgid "setenv LANG de_DE.ISO8859-1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43260 +#: book.translate.xml:43377 msgid "Console Setup" msgstr "Console 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43262 +#: book.translate.xml:43379 msgid "" "Several localized fonts are available for the console. To see a listing of " "available fonts, type ls /usr/share/syscons/fonts. To " @@ -63461,7 +64326,7 @@ "型名稱 font_name：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43270 +#: book.translate.xml:43387 #, no-wrap msgid "" "font8x16=font_name\n" @@ -63470,17 +64335,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43274 +#: book.translate.xml:43391 msgid "keymap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43275 +#: book.translate.xml:43392 msgid "screenmap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43276 +#: book.translate.xml:43393 msgid "" "The keymap and screenmap can be set by adding the following to /" "etc/rc.conf:" @@ -63489,7 +64354,7 @@ "rc.conf 來設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43279 +#: book.translate.xml:43396 #, no-wrap msgid "" "scrnmap=screenmap_name\n" @@ -63498,7 +64363,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43283 +#: book.translate.xml:43400 msgid "" "To see the list of available screenmaps, type ls /usr/share/syscons/" "scrnmaps. Do not include the .scm suffix when " @@ -63514,7 +64379,7 @@ "8 的欄位，字母會移出虛擬繪圖區 (Pseudographics area)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43292 +#: book.translate.xml:43409 msgid "" "To see the list of available keymaps, type ls /usr/share/syscons/" "keymaps. When specifying the keymap_name。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43299 +#: book.translate.xml:43416 msgid "" "The keychange entry is usually needed to program function " "keys to match the selected terminal type because function key sequences " @@ -63539,7 +64404,7 @@ "定對應選擇終對機類型的功能鍵。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43304 +#: book.translate.xml:43421 msgid "" "Next, set the correct console terminal type in /etc/ttys for all virtual terminal entries. cons25l1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43327 +#: book.translate.xml:43444 msgid "ISO8859-2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43328 +#: book.translate.xml:43445 msgid "cons25l2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43332 +#: book.translate.xml:43449 msgid "ISO8859-7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43333 +#: book.translate.xml:43450 msgid "cons25l7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43337 +#: book.translate.xml:43454 msgid "KOI8-R" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43338 +#: book.translate.xml:43455 msgid "cons25r" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43342 +#: book.translate.xml:43459 msgid "KOI8-U" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43343 +#: book.translate.xml:43460 msgid "cons25u" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43347 +#: book.translate.xml:43464 msgid "CP437 (VGA default)" msgstr "CP437 (VGA 預設值)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43348 +#: book.translate.xml:43465 msgid "cons25" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43352 +#: book.translate.xml:43469 msgid "US-ASCII" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43353 +#: book.translate.xml:43470 msgid "cons25w" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43359 +#: book.translate.xml:43476 msgid "moused" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43363 +#: book.translate.xml:43480 msgid "" "For languages with wide or multibyte characters, install a console for that " "language from the FreeBSD Ports Collection. The available ports are " @@ -63654,73 +64519,73 @@ "用說明。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:43370 +#: book.translate.xml:43487 msgid "Available Console from Ports Collection" msgstr "Port 套件集中可用的 Console" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43375 book.translate.xml:43454 +#: book.translate.xml:43492 book.translate.xml:43571 msgid "Language" msgstr "語言" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43376 +#: book.translate.xml:43493 msgid "Port Location" msgstr "Port 位置" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43382 +#: book.translate.xml:43499 msgid "Traditional Chinese (BIG-5)" msgstr "繁體中文 (BIG-5)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43383 +#: book.translate.xml:43500 msgid "chinese/big5con" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43387 book.translate.xml:43392 +#: book.translate.xml:43504 book.translate.xml:43509 msgid "Chinese/Japanese/Korean" msgstr "中文/日文/韓文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43388 +#: book.translate.xml:43505 msgid "chinese/cce" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43393 +#: book.translate.xml:43510 msgid "chinese/zhcon" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43397 book.translate.xml:43402 book.translate.xml:43407 -#: book.translate.xml:43497 book.translate.xml:43502 book.translate.xml:43507 -#: book.translate.xml:43512 book.translate.xml:43517 book.translate.xml:43522 -#: book.translate.xml:43527 book.translate.xml:43532 book.translate.xml:43537 -#: book.translate.xml:43542 book.translate.xml:43547 book.translate.xml:43552 -#: book.translate.xml:43557 book.translate.xml:43562 book.translate.xml:43567 -#: book.translate.xml:43572 book.translate.xml:43577 book.translate.xml:43582 +#: book.translate.xml:43514 book.translate.xml:43519 book.translate.xml:43524 +#: book.translate.xml:43614 book.translate.xml:43619 book.translate.xml:43624 +#: book.translate.xml:43629 book.translate.xml:43634 book.translate.xml:43639 +#: book.translate.xml:43644 book.translate.xml:43649 book.translate.xml:43654 +#: book.translate.xml:43659 book.translate.xml:43664 book.translate.xml:43669 +#: book.translate.xml:43674 book.translate.xml:43679 book.translate.xml:43684 +#: book.translate.xml:43689 book.translate.xml:43694 book.translate.xml:43699 msgid "Japanese" msgstr "日文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43398 +#: book.translate.xml:43515 msgid "chinese/kon2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43403 +#: book.translate.xml:43520 msgid "japanese/kon2-14dot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43408 +#: book.translate.xml:43525 msgid "japanese/kon2-16dot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43414 +#: book.translate.xml:43531 msgid "" "If moused is enabled in /etc/rc.conf, additional configuration may be required. By default, the mouse " @@ -63738,18 +64603,18 @@ "到 /etc/rc.conf 來移動游標的範圍：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43423 +#: book.translate.xml:43540 #, no-wrap msgid "mousechar_start=3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43427 +#: book.translate.xml:43544 msgid "Xorg Setup" msgstr "Xorg 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43429 +#: book.translate.xml:43546 msgid "" " describes how to install and configure " "Xorg. When configuring Xorg 中調校且可允許使用者在圖型化應用程式選單檢視其所選擇的語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43439 +#: book.translate.xml:43556 msgid "X Input Method (XIM)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43441 +#: book.translate.xml:43558 msgid "" "The X Input Method (XIM) protocol is an " "Xorg standard for inputting non-English " @@ -63785,200 +64650,200 @@ "式。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:43449 +#: book.translate.xml:43566 msgid "Available Input Methods" msgstr "可用的輸入法" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43455 +#: book.translate.xml:43572 msgid "Input Method" msgstr "輸入法" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43462 book.translate.xml:43467 book.translate.xml:43472 -#: book.translate.xml:43477 book.translate.xml:43482 book.translate.xml:43487 -#: book.translate.xml:43492 +#: book.translate.xml:43579 book.translate.xml:43584 book.translate.xml:43589 +#: book.translate.xml:43594 book.translate.xml:43599 book.translate.xml:43604 +#: book.translate.xml:43609 msgid "Chinese" msgstr "中文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43463 +#: book.translate.xml:43580 msgid "chinese/gcin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43468 +#: book.translate.xml:43585 msgid "chinese/ibus-chewing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43473 +#: book.translate.xml:43590 msgid "chinese/ibus-pinyin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43478 +#: book.translate.xml:43595 msgid "chinese/oxim" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43483 +#: book.translate.xml:43600 msgid "chinese/scim-fcitx" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43488 +#: book.translate.xml:43605 msgid "chinese/scim-pinyin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43493 +#: book.translate.xml:43610 msgid "chinese/scim-tables" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43498 +#: book.translate.xml:43615 msgid "japanese/ibus-anthy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43503 +#: book.translate.xml:43620 msgid "japanese/ibus-mozc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43508 +#: book.translate.xml:43625 msgid "japanese/ibus-skk" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43513 +#: book.translate.xml:43630 msgid "japanese/im-ja" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43518 +#: book.translate.xml:43635 msgid "japanese/kinput2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43523 +#: book.translate.xml:43640 msgid "japanese/scim-anthy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43528 +#: book.translate.xml:43645 msgid "japanese/scim-canna" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43533 +#: book.translate.xml:43650 msgid "japanese/scim-honoka" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43538 +#: book.translate.xml:43655 msgid "japanese/scim-honoka-plugin-romkan" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43543 +#: book.translate.xml:43660 msgid "japanese/scim-honoka-plugin-wnn" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43548 +#: book.translate.xml:43665 msgid "japanese/scim-prime" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43553 +#: book.translate.xml:43670 msgid "japanese/scim-skk" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43558 +#: book.translate.xml:43675 msgid "japanese/scim-tables" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43563 +#: book.translate.xml:43680 msgid "japanese/scim-tomoe" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43568 +#: book.translate.xml:43685 msgid "japanese/scim-uim" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43573 +#: book.translate.xml:43690 msgid "japanese/skkinput" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43578 +#: book.translate.xml:43695 msgid "japanese/skkinput3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43583 +#: book.translate.xml:43700 msgid "japanese/uim-anthy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43587 book.translate.xml:43592 book.translate.xml:43597 -#: book.translate.xml:43602 book.translate.xml:43607 +#: book.translate.xml:43704 book.translate.xml:43709 book.translate.xml:43714 +#: book.translate.xml:43719 book.translate.xml:43724 msgid "Korean" msgstr "韓文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43588 +#: book.translate.xml:43705 msgid "korean/ibus-hangul" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43593 +#: book.translate.xml:43710 msgid "korean/imhangul" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43598 +#: book.translate.xml:43715 msgid "korean/nabi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43603 +#: book.translate.xml:43720 msgid "korean/scim-hangul" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43608 +#: book.translate.xml:43725 msgid "korean/scim-tables" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43612 book.translate.xml:43617 +#: book.translate.xml:43729 book.translate.xml:43734 msgid "Vietnamese" msgstr "越南文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43613 +#: book.translate.xml:43730 msgid "vietnamese/xvnkb" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43618 +#: book.translate.xml:43735 msgid "vietnamese/x-unikey" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:43662 +#: book.translate.xml:43779 msgid "Finding i18n Applications" msgstr "尋找 i18n 應用程式" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43664 +#: book.translate.xml:43781 msgid "" "i18n applications are programmed using i18n kits under libraries. These allow developers to write a simple file " @@ -63988,7 +64853,7 @@ "庫開發。這讓開發人員可以寫一個簡單的檔案並翻譯顯示的選單及文字至各種語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43669 +#: book.translate.xml:43786 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Ports " "Collection contains many applications with built-in support for wide " @@ -64002,7 +64867,7 @@ "支援您所需要的語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43676 +#: book.translate.xml:43793 msgid "" "Some applications can be compiled with the specific charset. This is usually " "done in the port's Makefile or by passing a value to " @@ -64019,12 +64884,12 @@ "解在編譯時有那些可以使用的編譯選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:43688 +#: book.translate.xml:43805 msgid "Locale Configuration for Specific Languages" msgstr "特定語言的語系設定" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43690 +#: book.translate.xml:43807 msgid "" "This section provides configuration examples for localizing a FreeBSD system " "for the Russian language. It then provides some additional resources for " @@ -64032,12 +64897,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:43696 +#: book.translate.xml:43813 msgid "Russian Language (KOI8-R Encoding)" msgstr "俄語 (KOI8-R 編碼)" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:43699 +#: book.translate.xml:43816 msgid "" "AndreyChernovOriginally contributed by " @@ -64044,12 +64909,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43704 +#: book.translate.xml:43821 msgid "localization Russian" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43709 +#: book.translate.xml:43826 msgid "" "This section shows the specific settings needed to localize a FreeBSD system " "for the Russian language. Refer to ~/.login_conf:" @@ -64065,7 +64930,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43719 +#: book.translate.xml:43836 #, no-wrap msgid "" "me:My Account:\\\n" @@ -64074,7 +64939,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43723 +#: book.translate.xml:43840 msgid "" "To configure the console, add the following lines to /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -64081,7 +64946,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43726 +#: book.translate.xml:43843 #, no-wrap msgid "" "keymap=\"ru.koi8-r\"\n" @@ -64093,7 +64958,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43733 +#: book.translate.xml:43850 msgid "" "For each ttyv entry in /etc/ttys, " "use cons25r as the terminal type." @@ -64100,12 +64965,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43737 +#: book.translate.xml:43854 msgid "printers" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43738 +#: book.translate.xml:43855 msgid "" "To configure printing, a special output filter is needed to convert from " "KOI8-R to CP866 since most printers with Russian characters come with " @@ -64115,7 +64980,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43746 +#: book.translate.xml:43863 #, no-wrap msgid "" "lp|Russian local line printer:\\\n" @@ -64124,7 +64989,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43750 +#: book.translate.xml:43867 msgid "" "Refer to printcap5 for a more detailed explanation." @@ -64131,7 +64996,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43753 +#: book.translate.xml:43870 msgid "" "To configure support for Russian filenames in mounted MS-DOS file systems, include " @@ -64139,13 +65004,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43758 +#: book.translate.xml:43875 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/ad0s2 /dos/c msdos rw,-Lru_RU.KOI8-R 0 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43760 +#: book.translate.xml:43877 msgid "" "Refer to mount_msdosfs8 for more details." @@ -64152,7 +65017,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43762 +#: book.translate.xml:43879 msgid "" "To configure Russian fonts for Xorg, install the " "x11-fonts/xorg-fonts-cyrillic package. Then, check the " @@ -64162,18 +65027,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43770 +#: book.translate.xml:43887 #, no-wrap msgid "FontPath \"/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43772 +#: book.translate.xml:43889 msgid "Additional Cyrillic fonts are available in the Ports Collection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43775 +#: book.translate.xml:43892 msgid "" "To activate a Russian keyboard, add the following to the \"Keyboard" "\" section of /etc/xorg.conf:" @@ -64180,7 +65045,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43779 +#: book.translate.xml:43896 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Option \"XkbLayout\" \"us,ru\"\n" @@ -64188,13 +65053,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43782 +#: book.translate.xml:43899 msgid "" "Make sure that XkbDisable is commented out in that file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43785 +#: book.translate.xml:43902 msgid "" "For grp:toggle use Right Alt, for " "grp:ctrl_shift_toggle use Windows keys, and some non-alphabetical keys are mapped " @@ -64215,13 +65080,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43800 +#: book.translate.xml:43917 #, no-wrap msgid "Option \"XkbVariant\" \",winkeys\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:43803 +#: book.translate.xml:43920 msgid "" "The Russian XKB keyboard may not work with non-localized applications. " "Minimally localized applications should call a XtSetLanguageProc " @@ -64229,7 +65094,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43810 +#: book.translate.xml:43927 msgid "" "See http://koi8.pp.ru/xwin." "html for more instructions on localizing Xorglocalization Traditional Chinese" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43826 +#: book.translate.xml:43943 msgid "localization German" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43830 +#: book.translate.xml:43947 msgid "localization Greek" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43834 +#: book.translate.xml:43951 msgid "localization Japanese" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43838 +#: book.translate.xml:43955 msgid "localization Korean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:43845 +#: book.translate.xml:43962 msgid "Traditional Chinese for Taiwan" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43848 +#: book.translate.xml:43965 msgid "" "The FreeBSD-Taiwan Project has a Chinese HOWTO for FreeBSD at http://netlab." @@ -64289,12 +65154,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:43854 +#: book.translate.xml:43971 msgid "Greek Language Localization" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43857 +#: book.translate.xml:43974 msgid "" "A complete article on Greek support in FreeBSD is available http://" "www.jp.FreeBSD.org/, and for Korean, refer to Jim Mock Restructured, reorganized, and parts updated by Jordan Hubbard Original work by " @@ -64350,7 +65215,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:43921 +#: book.translate.xml:44038 msgid "" " Poul-Henning Kamp " @@ -64357,7 +65222,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:43928 +#: book.translate.xml:44045 msgid "" " John Polstra " @@ -64364,7 +65229,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:43935 +#: book.translate.xml:44052 msgid "" " Nik Clayton " @@ -64371,7 +65236,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43947 +#: book.translate.xml:44064 msgid "" "FreeBSD is under constant development between releases. Some people prefer " "to use the officially released versions, while others prefer to keep in sync " @@ -64389,7 +65254,7 @@ "FreeBSD 系統維持新版的基本工具。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43961 +#: book.translate.xml:44078 msgid "" "How to keep a FreeBSD system up-to-date with freebsd-update or Subversion." @@ -64398,7 +65263,7 @@ "application> 來讓 FreeBSD 系統保持新版。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43967 +#: book.translate.xml:44084 msgid "" "How to compare the state of an installed system against a known pristine " "copy." @@ -64405,7 +65270,7 @@ msgstr "如何比對已安裝系統與已知原始複本間的狀態。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43972 +#: book.translate.xml:44089 msgid "" "How to keep the installed documentation up-to-date with " "Subversion or documentation ports." @@ -64414,7 +65279,7 @@ "文件為新版。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43978 +#: book.translate.xml:44095 msgid "" "The difference between the two development branches: FreeBSD-STABLE and " "FreeBSD-CURRENT." @@ -64421,12 +65286,12 @@ msgstr "兩種開發分支間的差異：FreeBSD-STABLE 與 FreeBSD-CURRENT。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43983 +#: book.translate.xml:44100 msgid "How to rebuild and reinstall the entire base system." msgstr "如何重新編譯及重新安裝整個基礎系統 (Base system)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43992 +#: book.translate.xml:44109 msgid "" "Properly set up the network connection ()." @@ -64433,7 +65298,7 @@ msgstr "正確的設定網路連線 ()。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43997 book.translate.xml:50438 book.translate.xml:61744 +#: book.translate.xml:44114 book.translate.xml:50555 book.translate.xml:61861 msgid "" "Know how to install additional third-party software ()." @@ -64440,7 +65305,7 @@ msgstr "了解如何安裝其他第三方軟體 ()。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44003 +#: book.translate.xml:44120 msgid "" "Throughout this chapter, svn is used to obtain and update " "FreeBSD sources. To use it, first install the devel/subversiondevel/subversion Port 或套件。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:44012 +#: book.translate.xml:44129 msgid "FreeBSD Update" msgstr "FreeBSD 更新" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:44025 +#: book.translate.xml:44142 msgid "" " Colin Percival Based on notes provided by " @@ -64463,17 +65328,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44035 book.translate.xml:44542 book.translate.xml:44678 +#: book.translate.xml:44152 book.translate.xml:44659 book.translate.xml:44795 msgid "Updating and Upgrading" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44038 +#: book.translate.xml:44155 msgid "freebsd-update updating-upgrading" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44043 +#: book.translate.xml:44160 msgid "" "Applying security patches in a timely manner and upgrading to a newer " "release of an operating system are important aspects of ongoing system " @@ -64485,7 +65350,7 @@ "command>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44049 +#: book.translate.xml:44166 msgid "" "This utility supports binary security and errata updates to FreeBSD, without " "the need to manually compile and install the patch or a new kernel. Binary " @@ -64500,7 +65365,7 @@ "www.FreeBSD.org/security/\">http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44056 +#: book.translate.xml:44173 msgid "" "This utility also supports operating system upgrades to minor point releases " "as well as upgrades to another release branch. Before upgrading to a new " @@ -64515,7 +65380,7 @@ "releases/\">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ 取得。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44063 +#: book.translate.xml:44180 msgid "" "If a crontab utilizing the features of " "freebsd-update8，則必須在升級作業系統前先關閉。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44068 +#: book.translate.xml:44185 msgid "" "This section describes the configuration file used by freebsd-" "update, demonstrates how to apply a security patch and how to " @@ -64539,7 +65404,7 @@ "事項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44077 +#: book.translate.xml:44194 msgid "" "The default configuration file for freebsd-update works " "as-is. Some users may wish to tweak the default configuration in /" @@ -64553,7 +65418,7 @@ "要進一步的說明：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44085 +#: book.translate.xml:44202 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Components of the base system which should be kept updated.\n" @@ -64561,7 +65426,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44088 +#: book.translate.xml:44205 msgid "" "This parameter controls which parts of FreeBSD will be kept up-to-date. The " "default is to update the entire base system and the kernel. Individual " @@ -64578,7 +65443,7 @@ "新而造成慘重的後果。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44098 +#: book.translate.xml:44215 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an IgnorePaths\n" @@ -64587,7 +65452,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44102 +#: book.translate.xml:44219 msgid "" "To leave specified directories, such as /bin or " "/sbin, untouched during the update process, add their " @@ -64599,7 +65464,7 @@ "freebsd-update 覆蓋本地的修改。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44109 +#: book.translate.xml:44226 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an UpdateIfUnmodified\n" @@ -64609,7 +65474,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44114 +#: book.translate.xml:44231 msgid "" "This option will only update unmodified configuration files in the specified " "directories. Any changes made by the user will prevent the automatic " @@ -64622,7 +65487,7 @@ "freebsd-update 在合併時儲存使用者做的變更。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44122 +#: book.translate.xml:44239 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# When upgrading to a new FreeBSD release, files which match MergeChanges\n" @@ -64631,7 +65496,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44126 +#: book.translate.xml:44243 msgid "" "List of directories with configuration files that freebsd-update should attempt to merge. The file merge process is a series of " @@ -64653,7 +65518,7 @@ "訊， 參見 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44136 +#: book.translate.xml:44253 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Directory in which to store downloaded updates and temporary\n" @@ -64662,7 +65527,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44140 +#: book.translate.xml:44257 msgid "" "This directory is where all patches and temporary files are placed. In cases " "where the user is doing a version upgrade, this location should have at " @@ -64672,7 +65537,7 @@ "有至少 1GB 的可用磁碟空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44145 +#: book.translate.xml:44262 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# When upgrading between releases, should the list of Components be\n" @@ -64683,7 +65548,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44151 +#: book.translate.xml:44268 msgid "" "When this option is set to yes, freebsd-update will assume that the Components list is complete " @@ -64697,12 +65562,12 @@ "於 Components 清單中的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44161 +#: book.translate.xml:44278 msgid "Applying Security Patches" msgstr "套用安全性修補" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44163 +#: book.translate.xml:44280 msgid "" "The process of applying FreeBSD security patches has been simplified, " "allowing an administrator to keep a system fully patched using " @@ -64714,7 +65579,7 @@ "。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44169 +#: book.translate.xml:44286 msgid "" "FreeBSD security patches may be downloaded and installed using the following " "commands. The first command will determine if any outstanding patches are " @@ -64725,7 +65590,7 @@ "補，如果有，將列出若執行修補後會變更的檔案清單。第二個指令將會套用修補。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44175 +#: book.translate.xml:44292 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# freebsd-update fetch\n" @@ -64733,7 +65598,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44178 +#: book.translate.xml:44295 msgid "" "If the update applies any kernel patches, the system will need a reboot in " "order to boot into the patched kernel. If the patch was applied to any " @@ -64745,7 +65610,7 @@ "本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44184 +#: book.translate.xml:44301 msgid "" "The system can be configured to automatically check for updates once every " "day by adding this entry to /etc/crontab:" @@ -64754,13 +65619,13 @@ "次：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44188 +#: book.translate.xml:44305 #, no-wrap msgid "@daily root freebsd-update cron" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44190 +#: book.translate.xml:44307 msgid "" "If patches exist, they will automatically be downloaded but will not be " "applied. The root user will be " @@ -64772,7 +65637,7 @@ "freebsd-update install 安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44196 +#: book.translate.xml:44313 msgid "" "If anything goes wrong, freebsd-update has the ability to " "roll back the last set of changes with the following command:" @@ -64781,7 +65646,7 @@ "後所做的變更：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44200 +#: book.translate.xml:44317 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# freebsd-update rollback\n" @@ -64789,7 +65654,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44203 +#: book.translate.xml:44320 msgid "" "Again, the system should be restarted if the kernel or any kernel modules " "were modified and any affected binaries should be restarted." @@ -64798,7 +65663,7 @@ "Binary 應重新執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44207 +#: book.translate.xml:44324 msgid "" "Only the GENERIC kernel can be automatically updated by " "freebsd-update. If a custom kernel is installed, it will " @@ -64815,7 +65680,7 @@ "新 GENERIC 核心，即使該核心並非目前系統正在執行的核心。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44218 +#: book.translate.xml:44335 msgid "" "Always keep a copy of the GENERIC kernel in /" "boot/GENERIC. It will be helpful in diagnosing a variety of " @@ -64829,7 +65694,7 @@ "filename> 核心的複本說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44226 +#: book.translate.xml:44343 msgid "" "Unless the default configuration in /etc/freebsd-update.conf has been changed, freebsd-update will install " @@ -64841,7 +65706,7 @@ "可依平常的方式執行重新編譯與重新安裝核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44233 +#: book.translate.xml:44350 msgid "" "The updates distributed by freebsd-update do not always " "involve the kernel. It is not necessary to rebuild a custom kernel if the " @@ -64865,12 +65730,12 @@ "更新。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44251 +#: book.translate.xml:44368 msgid "Performing Major and Minor Version Upgrades" msgstr "執行主要及次要版號升級" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44253 +#: book.translate.xml:44370 msgid "" "Upgrades from one minor version of FreeBSD to another, like from FreeBSD 9.0 " "to FreeBSD 9.1, are called minor version upgrades. " @@ -64886,7 +65751,7 @@ "以透過提供 freebsd-update 目標的發佈版本來執行。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44263 +#: book.translate.xml:44380 msgid "" "If the system is running a custom kernel, make sure that a copy of the " "GENERIC kernel exists in /boot/GENERICGENERIC 核心複本的說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44271 +#: book.translate.xml:44388 msgid "" "The following command, when run on a FreeBSD 9.0 system, will upgrade it to " "FreeBSD 9.1:" @@ -64907,13 +65772,13 @@ msgstr "在 FreeBSD 9.0 系統執行以下指令，將會把系統升級至 FreeBSD 9.1：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44274 +#: book.translate.xml:44391 #, no-wrap msgid "# freebsd-update -r 9.1-RELEASE upgrade" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44276 +#: book.translate.xml:44393 msgid "" "After the command has been received, freebsd-update will " "evaluate the configuration file and current system in an attempt to gather " @@ -64924,7 +65789,7 @@ "統來收集升級所需的資訊。 螢幕會顯示偵測到或沒偵測到的元件清單。例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44283 +#: book.translate.xml:44400 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 1 mirrors found.\n" @@ -64946,7 +65811,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44300 +#: book.translate.xml:44417 msgid "" "At this point, freebsd-update will attempt to download " "all files required for the upgrade. In some cases, the user may be prompted " @@ -64956,7 +65821,7 @@ "些情況，會詢問使用者一些關於要安裝什麼或要如何繼續。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44305 +#: book.translate.xml:44422 msgid "" "When using a custom kernel, the above step will produce a warning similar to " "the following:" @@ -64963,7 +65828,7 @@ msgstr "當使用自訂核心，上述的步驟將會產生如下的警告：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44308 +#: book.translate.xml:44425 #, no-wrap msgid "" "WARNING: This system is running a \"MYKERNEL\" kernel, which is not a\n" @@ -64973,7 +65838,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44313 +#: book.translate.xml:44430 msgid "" "This warning may be safely ignored at this point. The updated " "GENERIC kernel will be used as an intermediate step in " @@ -64983,7 +65848,7 @@ "filename> 核心來進行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44317 +#: book.translate.xml:44434 msgid "" "Once all the patches have been downloaded to the local system, they will be " "applied. This process may take a while, depending on the speed and workload " @@ -65004,7 +65869,7 @@ "或 group。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44331 +#: book.translate.xml:44448 msgid "" "The system is not being altered yet as all patching and merging is happening " "in another directory. Once all patches have been applied successfully, all " @@ -65018,13 +65883,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: note/screen #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44338 book.translate.xml:44375 book.translate.xml:44469 +#: book.translate.xml:44455 book.translate.xml:44492 book.translate.xml:44586 #, no-wrap msgid "# freebsd-update install" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44341 +#: book.translate.xml:44458 msgid "" "The kernel and kernel modules will be patched first. If the system is " "running with a custom kernel, use nextboot：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44346 +#: book.translate.xml:44463 #, no-wrap msgid "# nextboot -k GENERIC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:44349 +#: book.translate.xml:44466 msgid "" "Before rebooting with the GENERIC kernel, make sure it " "contains all the drivers required for the system to boot properly and " @@ -65062,18 +65927,18 @@ "filename> 核心。建議關閉非必須的服務和磁碟與網路掛載直到升級程序完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44363 +#: book.translate.xml:44480 msgid "The machine should now be restarted with the updated kernel:" msgstr "機器現在應使用更新過的核心重新開機：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44366 +#: book.translate.xml:44483 #, no-wrap msgid "# shutdown -r now" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44368 +#: book.translate.xml:44485 msgid "" "Once the system has come back online, restart freebsd-update using the following command. Since the state of the process has " @@ -65086,7 +65951,7 @@ "一個階段並移除所有舊的共用程式庫和目標檔。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44378 +#: book.translate.xml:44495 msgid "" "Depending upon whether any library version numbers were bumped, there may " "only be two install phases instead of three." @@ -65093,7 +65958,7 @@ msgstr "取決於是否有任何程式庫版本編號衝突，也可能只有兩個而不是三個安裝階段。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44383 +#: book.translate.xml:44500 msgid "" "The upgrade is now complete. If this was a major version upgrade, reinstall " "all ports and packages as described in 的說明重新安裝所有的 Port 和套件。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:44388 +#: book.translate.xml:44505 msgid "Custom Kernels with FreeBSD 9.X and Later" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 9.X 及之後版本自訂核心" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44390 +#: book.translate.xml:44507 msgid "" "Before using freebsd-update, ensure that a copy of the " "GENERIC kernel exists in /boot/GENERIC 核心，只需要將該目錄重新命名為 /boot/kernel。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44398 +#: book.translate.xml:44515 msgid "" "If a custom kernel has been built more than once or if it is unknown how " "many times the custom kernel has been built, obtain a copy of the " @@ -65136,7 +66001,7 @@ "則可以從安裝媒體取得 GENERIC 核心複本：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44406 +#: book.translate.xml:44523 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mount /cdrom\n" @@ -65145,7 +66010,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44410 +#: book.translate.xml:44527 msgid "" "Alternately, the GENERIC kernel may be rebuilt and " "installed from source:" @@ -65152,7 +66017,7 @@ msgstr "或者，可以從原始碼重新編譯 GENERIC 核心：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44413 +#: book.translate.xml:44530 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -65160,7 +66025,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44416 +#: book.translate.xml:44533 msgid "" "For this kernel to be identified as the GENERIC kernel by " "freebsd-update, the GENERIC " @@ -65172,7 +66037,7 @@ "在編譯核心時不要使用其他特殊選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44424 +#: book.translate.xml:44541 msgid "" "Rebooting into the GENERIC kernel is not required as " "freebsd-update only needs /boot/GENERICGENERIC。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:44430 +#: book.translate.xml:44547 msgid "Upgrading Packages After a Major Version Upgrade" msgstr "主要版號升級後的套件升級" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44433 +#: book.translate.xml:44550 msgid "" "Generally, installed applications will continue to work without problems " "after minor version upgrades. Major versions use different Application " @@ -65205,7 +66070,7 @@ "package> 工具。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44444 +#: book.translate.xml:44561 msgid "" "A forced upgrade of all installed packages will replace the packages with " "fresh versions from the repository even if the version number has not " @@ -65218,13 +66083,13 @@ "制升級可以執行以下指令來完成：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44451 +#: book.translate.xml:44568 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg-static upgrade -f" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44453 +#: book.translate.xml:44570 msgid "" "A rebuild of all installed applications can be accomplished with this " "command:" @@ -65231,7 +66096,7 @@ msgstr "重新編譯所有已安裝的應用程式可以執行以下指令來完成：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44458 +#: book.translate.xml:44575 msgid "" "This command will display the configuration screens for each application " "that has configurable options and wait for the user to interact with those " @@ -65243,7 +66108,7 @@ "option> 參數。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44464 +#: book.translate.xml:44581 msgid "" "Once the software upgrades are complete, finish the upgrade process with a " "final call to freebsd-update in order to tie up all the " @@ -65253,7 +66118,7 @@ "動作：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44471 +#: book.translate.xml:44588 msgid "" "If the GENERIC kernel was temporarily used, this is the " "time to build and install a new custom kernel using the instructions in " @@ -65263,7 +66128,7 @@ "\"kernelconfig\"/> 的說明編譯並安裝新的自訂核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44475 +#: book.translate.xml:44592 msgid "" "Reboot the machine into the new FreeBSD version. The upgrade process is now " "complete." @@ -65270,12 +66135,12 @@ msgstr "重新開機使用新的 FreeBSD 版本後，升級程序便正式完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44481 +#: book.translate.xml:44598 msgid "System State Comparison" msgstr "比對系統狀態" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44483 +#: book.translate.xml:44600 msgid "" "The state of the installed FreeBSD version against a known good copy can be " "tested using freebsd-update IDS. This command evaluates " @@ -65289,7 +66154,7 @@ "IDS)。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:44491 +#: book.translate.xml:44608 msgid "" "This command is not a replacement for a real IDS such as " "security/snort. As freebsd-update " @@ -65311,19 +66176,19 @@ "IDS 功能，在 有詳細說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44506 +#: book.translate.xml:44623 msgid "" "To begin the comparison, specify the output file to save the results to:" msgstr "要開始比對，需指定輸出的檔案來儲存結果：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44509 +#: book.translate.xml:44626 #, no-wrap msgid "# freebsd-update IDS >> outfile.ids" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44511 +#: book.translate.xml:44628 msgid "" "The system will now be inspected and a lengthy listing of files, along with " "the SHA256 hash values for both the known value in the " @@ -65334,7 +66199,7 @@ "版本的 SHA256 雜湊值會儲存到指定的輸出檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44517 +#: book.translate.xml:44634 msgid "" "The entries in the listing are extremely long, but the output format may be " "easily parsed. For instance, to obtain a list of all files which differ from " @@ -65344,7 +66209,7 @@ "版本不同的檔案清單，可使用以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44522 +#: book.translate.xml:44639 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cat outfile.ids | awk '{ print $1 }' | more\n" @@ -65355,7 +66220,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44528 +#: book.translate.xml:44645 msgid "" "This sample output has been truncated as many more files exist. Some files " "have natural modifications. For example, /etc/passwd " @@ -65372,17 +66237,17 @@ "的 IDSIgnorePaths 選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:44540 +#: book.translate.xml:44657 msgid "Updating the Documentation Set" msgstr "更新文件集" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44544 +#: book.translate.xml:44661 msgid "Documentation Updating and Upgrading" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44549 +#: book.translate.xml:44666 msgid "" "Documentation is an integral part of the FreeBSD operating system. While an " "up-to-date version of the FreeBSD documentation is always available on the " @@ -65396,7 +66261,7 @@ "FAQ 及文章的本地複本。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44555 +#: book.translate.xml:44672 msgid "" "This section describes how to use either source or the FreeBSD Ports " "Collection to keep a local copy of the FreeBSD documentation up-to-date." @@ -65405,7 +66270,7 @@ "複本。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44559 +#: book.translate.xml:44676 msgid "" "For information on editing and submitting corrections to the documentation, " "refer to the FreeBSD Documentation Project Primer for New Contributors " @@ -65417,12 +66282,12 @@ "freebsd.org/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44564 +#: book.translate.xml:44681 msgid "Updating Documentation from Source" msgstr "自原始碼更新說明文件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44566 +#: book.translate.xml:44683 msgid "" "Rebuilding the FreeBSD documentation from source requires a collection of " "tools which are not part of the FreeBSD base system. The required tools, " @@ -65435,7 +66300,7 @@ "textproc/docproj 套件或 Port 安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44573 +#: book.translate.xml:44690 msgid "" "Once installed, use svn to fetch a clean copy of " "the documentation source:" @@ -65444,13 +66309,13 @@ "本：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44576 +#: book.translate.xml:44693 #, no-wrap msgid "# svn checkout https://svn.FreeBSD.org/doc/head /usr/doc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44578 +#: book.translate.xml:44695 msgid "" "The initial download of the documentation sources may take a while. Let it " "run until it completes." @@ -65457,18 +66322,18 @@ msgstr "第一次下載文件原始碼需要一些時間，請耐心等候執行完畢。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44581 +#: book.translate.xml:44698 msgid "Future updates of the documentation sources may be fetched by running:" msgstr "往後更新文件原始碼可執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44584 +#: book.translate.xml:44701 #, no-wrap msgid "# svn update /usr/doc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44586 +#: book.translate.xml:44703 msgid "" "Once an up-to-date snapshot of the documentation sources has been fetched to " "/usr/doc, everything is ready for an update of the " @@ -65478,12 +66343,12 @@ "文件的準備動作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44590 +#: book.translate.xml:44707 msgid "A full update of all available languages may be performed by typing:" msgstr "完整更新所有可用的語言可以執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44593 +#: book.translate.xml:44710 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/doc\n" @@ -65491,7 +66356,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44596 +#: book.translate.xml:44713 msgid "" "If an update of only a specific language is desired, make " "can be invoked in a language-specific subdirectory of /usr/docmake：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44601 +#: book.translate.xml:44718 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1\n" @@ -65509,7 +66374,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44604 +#: book.translate.xml:44721 msgid "" "An alternative way of updating the documentation is to run this command from " "/usr/doc or the desired language-specific subdirectory:" @@ -65518,13 +66383,13 @@ "行此指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44608 +#: book.translate.xml:44725 #, no-wrap msgid "# make update" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44610 +#: book.translate.xml:44727 msgid "" "The output formats that will be installed may be specified by setting " "FORMATS:" @@ -65531,7 +66396,7 @@ msgstr "要指定安裝的輸出格式可使用 FORMATS 來設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44613 +#: book.translate.xml:44730 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/doc\n" @@ -65539,7 +66404,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44616 +#: book.translate.xml:44733 msgid "" "Several options are available to ease the process of updating only parts of " "the documentation, or the build of specific translations. These options can " @@ -65551,17 +66416,17 @@ "給 make。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44623 +#: book.translate.xml:44740 msgid "The options include:" msgstr "選項有：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44627 +#: book.translate.xml:44744 msgid "DOC_LANG" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44630 +#: book.translate.xml:44747 msgid "" "The list of languages and encodings to build and install, such as " "en_US.ISO8859-1 for English documentation." @@ -65570,12 +66435,12 @@ "語文件。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44637 +#: book.translate.xml:44754 msgid "FORMATS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44640 +#: book.translate.xml:44757 msgid "" "A single format or a list of output formats to be built. Currently, " "html, html-split, txt。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44649 +#: book.translate.xml:44766 msgid "DOCDIR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44652 +#: book.translate.xml:44769 msgid "" "Where to install the documentation. It defaults to /usr/share/doc." @@ -65598,7 +66463,7 @@ msgstr "要安裝文件的位置，預設為 /usr/share/doc。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44658 +#: book.translate.xml:44775 msgid "" "For more make variables supported as system-wide options " "in FreeBSD, refer to make.conf。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:44665 +#: book.translate.xml:44782 msgid "Updating Documentation from Ports" msgstr "自 Port 更新說明文件" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:44668 +#: book.translate.xml:44785 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille Based on the work of " @@ -65621,13 +66486,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44682 +#: book.translate.xml:44799 msgid "" "documentation package Updating and Upgrading" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44687 +#: book.translate.xml:44804 msgid "" "The previous section presented a method for updating the FreeBSD " "documentation from sources. This section describes an alternative method " @@ -65637,7 +66502,7 @@ "方法，可由以下方式達成：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44694 +#: book.translate.xml:44811 msgid "" "Install pre-built packages of the documentation, without having to locally " "build anything or install the documentation toolchain." @@ -65644,7 +66509,7 @@ msgstr "安裝事先編譯好的文件套件，無須在本地編譯任何東西或安裝文件工具集。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44700 +#: book.translate.xml:44817 msgid "" "Build the documentation sources through the ports framework, making the " "checkout and build steps a bit easier." @@ -65651,7 +66516,7 @@ msgstr "使用 Port 框架來編譯文件原始碼，可讓取得與編譯文件的步驟更簡單。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44706 +#: book.translate.xml:44823 msgid "" "This method of updating the FreeBSD documentation is supported by a set of " "documentation ports and packages which are updated by the Documentation " @@ -65666,12 +66531,12 @@ "org/docs/\">http://www.freshports.org/docs/)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44712 +#: book.translate.xml:44829 msgid "Organization of the documentation ports is as follows:" msgstr "文件 Port 的組織方式如下：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44717 +#: book.translate.xml:44834 msgid "" "The misc/freebsd-doc-en package or port installs all of " "the English documentation." @@ -65679,7 +66544,7 @@ "misc/freebsd-doc-en 套件或 Port 會安裝所有英語的文件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44722 +#: book.translate.xml:44839 msgid "" "The misc/freebsd-doc-all meta-package or port installs " "all documentation in all available languages." @@ -65688,7 +66553,7 @@ "件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44728 +#: book.translate.xml:44845 msgid "" "There is a package and port for each translation, such as misc/" "freebsd-doc-hu for the Hungarian documentation." @@ -65697,7 +66562,7 @@ "利語文件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44734 +#: book.translate.xml:44851 msgid "" "When binary packages are used, the FreeBSD documentation will be installed " "in all available formats for the given language. For example, the following " @@ -65707,13 +66572,13 @@ "會安裝最新的匈牙利語文件套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44739 +#: book.translate.xml:44856 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install hu-freebsd-doc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44742 +#: book.translate.xml:44859 msgid "" "Packages use a format that differs from the corresponding port's name: " "lang-freebsd-doc, where " @@ -65727,7 +66592,7 @@ "literal> 代表簡體中文。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44751 +#: book.translate.xml:44868 msgid "" "To specify the format of the documentation, build the port instead of " "installing the package. For example, to build and install the English " @@ -65736,7 +66601,7 @@ "要指定文件的格式，需以編譯 Port 來代替安裝套件。例如要編譯並安裝英語文件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44755 +#: book.translate.xml:44872 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/misc/freebsd-doc-en\n" @@ -65744,7 +66609,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44758 +#: book.translate.xml:44875 msgid "" "The port provides a configuration menu where the format to build and install " "can be specified. By default, split HTML, similar to the " @@ -65756,7 +66621,7 @@ "FreeBSD.org 使用的格式) 以及 PDF。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44763 +#: book.translate.xml:44880 msgid "" "Alternately, several make options can be specified when " "building a documentation port, including:" @@ -65764,12 +66629,12 @@ "此外，編譯文件 Port 時也可指定數個 make 選項，包括：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44769 +#: book.translate.xml:44886 msgid "WITH_HTML" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44772 +#: book.translate.xml:44889 msgid "" "Builds the HTML format with a single HTML file per document. The formatted " "documentation is saved to a file called article.html, " @@ -65779,12 +66644,12 @@ "article.html 或 book.html 的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44780 +#: book.translate.xml:44897 msgid "WITH_PDF" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44783 +#: book.translate.xml:44900 msgid "" "The formatted documentation is saved to a file called article.pdf or book.pdf." @@ -65793,12 +66658,12 @@ "book.pdf 的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44790 +#: book.translate.xml:44907 msgid "DOCBASE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44793 +#: book.translate.xml:44910 msgid "" "Specifies where to install the documentation. It defaults to /usr/" "local/share/doc/freebsd." @@ -65807,7 +66672,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44800 +#: book.translate.xml:44917 msgid "" "This example uses variables to install the Hungarian documentation as a " "PDF in the specified directory:" @@ -65815,7 +66680,7 @@ "以下範例使用變數來安裝 PDF 的匈牙利語文件到特定目錄：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44804 +#: book.translate.xml:44921 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/misc/freebsd-doc-hu\n" @@ -65823,7 +66688,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44807 +#: book.translate.xml:44924 msgid "" "Documentation packages or ports can be updated using the instructions in " ". For example, the following command updates the " @@ -65834,34 +66699,34 @@ "用 ports-mgmt/portmaster 更新已安裝的匈牙利語文件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44813 +#: book.translate.xml:44930 #, no-wrap msgid "# portmaster -PP hu-freebsd-doc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:44818 +#: book.translate.xml:44935 msgid "Tracking a Development Branch" msgstr "追蹤開發分支" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44820 +#: book.translate.xml:44937 msgid "-CURRENT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44821 +#: book.translate.xml:44938 msgid "-STABLE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44823 +#: book.translate.xml:44940 msgid "" "FreeBSD has two development branches: FreeBSD-CURRENT and FreeBSD-STABLE." msgstr "FreeBSD 有兩個開發分支：FreeBSD-CURRENT 及 FreeBSD-STABLE。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44826 +#: book.translate.xml:44943 msgid "" "This section provides an explanation of each branch and its intended " "audience, as well as how to keep a system up-to-date with each respective " @@ -65870,12 +66735,12 @@ "本節將說明每個分支及其的特定使用者，也會說明如何在各別分支維持系統為最新版。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44831 +#: book.translate.xml:44948 msgid "Using FreeBSD-CURRENT" msgstr "使用 FreeBSD-CURRENT" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44833 +#: book.translate.xml:44950 msgid "" "FreeBSD-CURRENT is the bleeding edge of FreeBSD development " "and FreeBSD-CURRENT users are expected to have a high degree of technical " @@ -65887,7 +66752,7 @@ "支。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44839 +#: book.translate.xml:44956 msgid "" "FreeBSD-CURRENT is the very latest source code for FreeBSD and includes " "works in progress, experimental changes, and transitional mechanisms that " @@ -65905,12 +66770,12 @@ "量這個問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44849 +#: book.translate.xml:44966 msgid "FreeBSD-CURRENT is made available for three primary interest groups:" msgstr "FreeBSD-CURRENT 主要給下以三種族群：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44854 +#: book.translate.xml:44971 msgid "" "Members of the FreeBSD community who are actively working on some part of " "the source tree." @@ -65917,7 +66782,7 @@ msgstr "致力於開發某一部份原始碼樹的 FreeBSD 社群成員。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44859 +#: book.translate.xml:44976 msgid "" "Members of the FreeBSD community who are active testers. They are willing to " "spend time solving problems, making topical suggestions on changes and the " @@ -65927,7 +66792,7 @@ "及大方向提出專業建議並送交修補。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44866 +#: book.translate.xml:44983 msgid "" "Users who wish to keep an eye on things, use the current source for " "reference purposes, or make the occasional comment or code contribution." @@ -65935,7 +66800,7 @@ "隨時關注的使用者，使用目前原始碼做為參考用途，或是偶爾提供意見或貢獻原始碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44872 +#: book.translate.xml:44989 msgid "" "FreeBSD-CURRENT should not be considered a fast-track " "to getting new features before the next release as pre-release features are " @@ -65950,17 +66815,17 @@ "CURRENT 不在 官方支援 的範圍內。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44880 +#: book.translate.xml:44997 msgid "-CURRENT using" msgstr "-CURRENT 使用" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44885 +#: book.translate.xml:45002 msgid "To track FreeBSD-CURRENT:" msgstr "若要追蹤 FreeBSD-CURRENT：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44889 +#: book.translate.xml:45006 msgid "" "Join the freebsd-current and the svn-src-head list records the commit log entry for each change as " @@ -65987,7 +66852,7 @@ "用的相關資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44900 +#: book.translate.xml:45017 msgid "" "To join these lists, go to http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo, click " @@ -66003,7 +66868,7 @@ "listinfo/svn-src-all\">svn-src-all 郵遞論壇。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44908 +#: book.translate.xml:45025 msgid "" "Synchronize with the FreeBSD-CURRENT sources. Typically, svn is used to check out the -CURRENT code from the headhead 分支中取出 -CURRENT 的程式碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44916 +#: book.translate.xml:45033 msgid "" "Due to the size of the repository, some users choose to only synchronize the " "sections of source that interest them or which they are contributing patches " @@ -66028,12 +66893,12 @@ "的 FreeBSD-CURRENT，不可只有選擇的部份。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44924 +#: book.translate.xml:45041 msgid "-CURRENT compiling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44923 +#: book.translate.xml:45040 msgid "" "Before compiling FreeBSD-CURRENT <_:indexterm-1/>, read /usr/src/" "Makefile very carefully and follow the instructions in 來了解升級的相關資訊，有時會含有升級下一個發行版的必要資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44938 +#: book.translate.xml:45055 msgid "" "Be active! FreeBSD-CURRENT users are encouraged to submit their suggestions " "for enhancements or bug fixes. Suggestions with accompanying code are always " @@ -66060,12 +66925,12 @@ "議。 如果您在建議時能附上相關程式碼的話， 那真是太棒了！" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44947 +#: book.translate.xml:45064 msgid "Using FreeBSD-STABLE" msgstr "使用 FreeBSD-STABLE" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44949 +#: book.translate.xml:45066 msgid "" "FreeBSD-STABLE is the development branch from which major releases are made. " "Changes go into this branch at a slower pace and with the general assumption " @@ -66083,7 +66948,7 @@ "資源可供測試的使用者應該改使用最新的 FreeBSD 發行版。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44960 +#: book.translate.xml:45077 msgid "" "Those interested in tracking or contributing to the FreeBSD development " "process, especially as it relates to the next release of FreeBSD, should " @@ -66093,7 +66958,7 @@ "內容有興趣的人，應該考慮追蹤 FreeBSD-STABLE。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44964 +#: book.translate.xml:45081 msgid "" "While the FreeBSD-STABLE branch should compile and run at all times, this " "cannot be guaranteed. Since more people run FreeBSD-STABLE than FreeBSD-" @@ -66112,17 +66977,17 @@ "服器為 FreeBSD-STABLE。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44974 +#: book.translate.xml:45091 msgid "To track FreeBSD-STABLE:" msgstr "若要追蹤 FreeBSD-STABLE：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44976 +#: book.translate.xml:45093 msgid "-STABLE using" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44982 +#: book.translate.xml:45099 msgid "" "Join the freebsd-stable list in order to stay informed of " @@ -66138,7 +67003,7 @@ "在這裡發信公告，讓使用者有機會可以對提案的更改提出問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44991 +#: book.translate.xml:45108 msgid "" "Join the relevant svn list for the branch being " "tracked. For example, users tracking the 9-STABLE branch should join the " @@ -66153,7 +67018,7 @@ "個郵遞論壇會記錄每一次修改的提交項目，以及可能產生的副作用的相關資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44999 +#: book.translate.xml:45116 msgid "" "To join these lists, go to http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo, click " @@ -66168,7 +67033,7 @@ "listinfo/svn-src-all\">svn-src-all 郵遞論壇。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45006 +#: book.translate.xml:45123 msgid "" "To install a new FreeBSD-STABLE system, install the most recent FreeBSD-" "STABLE release from the FreeBSD mirror sites 來取得更多有關快照的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45011 +#: book.translate.xml:45128 msgid "" "To compile or upgrade to an existing FreeBSD system to FreeBSD-STABLE, use " "svn <_:indexterm-1/> to check out the source " @@ -66196,12 +67061,12 @@ "link>，例如 stable/9。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45022 +#: book.translate.xml:45139 msgid "-STABLE compiling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45021 +#: book.translate.xml:45138 msgid "" "Before compiling or upgrading to FreeBSD-STABLE <_:indexterm-1/>, read " "/usr/src/Makefile carefully and follow the instructions " @@ -66218,12 +67083,12 @@ "filename> 來了解升級的相關資訊，有時會含有升級下一個發行版的必要資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:45036 +#: book.translate.xml:45153 msgid "Synchronizing Source" msgstr "同步原始碼" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45038 +#: book.translate.xml:45155 msgid "" "There are various methods for staying up-to-date with the FreeBSD sources. " "This section describes the primary service, SubversionSubversion。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:45043 +#: book.translate.xml:45160 msgid "" "While it is possible to update only parts of the source tree, the only " "supported update procedure is to update the entire tree and recompile all " @@ -66250,7 +67115,7 @@ "題。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45057 +#: book.translate.xml:45174 msgid "" "Subversion uses the pull " "model of updating sources. The user, or a cron script, " @@ -66264,7 +67129,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45069 +#: book.translate.xml:45186 msgid "" "If a user inadvertently wipes out portions of the local archive, " "Subversion will detect and rebuild the damaged " @@ -66272,17 +67137,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:45075 +#: book.translate.xml:45192 msgid "Rebuilding World" msgstr "重新編譯 World" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45077 +#: book.translate.xml:45194 msgid "Rebuilding world" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45080 +#: book.translate.xml:45197 msgid "" "Once the local source tree is synchronized against a particular version of " "FreeBSD such as FreeBSD-STABLE or FreeBSD-CURRENT, the source tree can be " @@ -66292,7 +67157,7 @@ "同步以後，便可使用原始碼樹來重新編譯系統。這個程序即為重新編譯 World。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45085 +#: book.translate.xml:45202 msgid "" "Before rebuilding world, be sure to perform the " "following tasks:" @@ -66299,12 +67164,12 @@ msgstr "在重新編譯 World 之前，請確定已完成以下工作：" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:45089 +#: book.translate.xml:45206 msgid "Perform These Tasks Before Building World" msgstr "編譯 World 之前 要完成的工作" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45093 +#: book.translate.xml:45210 msgid "" "Backup all important data to another system or removable media, verify the " "integrity of the backup, and have a bootable installation media at hand. It " @@ -66321,12 +67186,12 @@ "非後悔。" #. (itstool) path: step/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45105 +#: book.translate.xml:45222 msgid "mailing list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45106 +#: book.translate.xml:45223 msgid "" "Review the recent freebsd-stable or /usr/src/UPDATING for any extra steps necessary " "for that version of the source. This file contains important information " @@ -66367,12 +67232,12 @@ "UPDATING 為準並應遵循其內容。" #. (itstool) path: warning/title -#: book.translate.xml:45133 +#: book.translate.xml:45250 msgid "Do Not Use make world" msgstr "不要使用 make world" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:45135 +#: book.translate.xml:45252 msgid "" "Some older documentation recommends using make world. " "However, that command skips some important steps and should only be used by " @@ -66384,12 +67249,12 @@ "錯的，並應使用此處說明的程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:45144 +#: book.translate.xml:45261 msgid "Overview of Process" msgstr "流程概述" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45146 +#: book.translate.xml:45263 msgid "" "The build world process assumes an upgrade from an older FreeBSD version " "using the source of a newer version that was obtained using the instructions " @@ -66399,7 +67264,7 @@ "原始碼來升級舊版的 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45150 +#: book.translate.xml:45267 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, the term world includes the kernel, core system " "binaries, libraries, programming files, and built-in compiler. The order in " @@ -66409,7 +67274,7 @@ "始碼以及內建的編譯器。這些元件編譯與安裝的順序非常重要。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45155 +#: book.translate.xml:45272 msgid "" "For example, the old compiler might have a bug and not be able to compile " "the new kernel. Since the new kernel should be built with the new compiler, " @@ -66420,7 +67285,7 @@ "編譯，因此新的編譯器必需先編譯，但在新核心編譯前並不一定要安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45161 +#: book.translate.xml:45278 msgid "" "The new world might rely on new kernel features, so the new kernel must be " "installed before the new world is installed. The old world might not run " @@ -66433,7 +67298,7 @@ "馬上安裝新的 World。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45167 +#: book.translate.xml:45284 msgid "" "Some configuration changes must be made before the new world is installed, " "but others might break the old world. Hence, two different configuration " @@ -66448,7 +67313,7 @@ "UPDATING 便會說明需要手動刪除的檔案以及操作的步驟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45176 +#: book.translate.xml:45293 msgid "" "These concerns have led to the recommended upgrade sequence described in the " "following procedure." @@ -66455,7 +67320,7 @@ msgstr "這些問題會影響接下來的建議升級順序。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45180 +#: book.translate.xml:45297 msgid "" "It is a good idea to save the output from running make to " "a file. If something goes wrong, a copy of the error message can be posted " @@ -66465,7 +67330,7 @@ "可複製錯誤訊息張貼到 FreeBSD 郵遞論壇。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45185 +#: book.translate.xml:45302 msgid "" "The easiest way to do this is to use script with a " "parameter that specifies the name of the file to save all output to. Do not " @@ -66480,7 +67345,7 @@ "World 之前執行這個指令，並在流程完成後輸入 exit：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45195 +#: book.translate.xml:45312 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# script /var/tmp/mw.out\n" @@ -66488,12 +67353,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:45200 +#: book.translate.xml:45317 msgid "Overview of Build World Process" msgstr "編譯 World 流程概述" #. (itstool) path: procedure/para -#: book.translate.xml:45202 +#: book.translate.xml:45319 msgid "" "The commands used in the build world process should be run in the order " "specified here. This section summarizes the function of each command." @@ -66501,7 +67366,7 @@ "編譯 World 流程中使用的指令應依此處指定的順序執行。本節將摘要各指令的功能。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45207 +#: book.translate.xml:45324 msgid "" "If the build world process has previously been run on this system, a copy of " "the previous build may still exist in /usr/obj. To " @@ -66513,7 +67378,7 @@ "在，請移除此目錄：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45214 +#: book.translate.xml:45331 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chflags -R noschg /usr/obj/*\n" @@ -66521,7 +67386,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45219 +#: book.translate.xml:45336 msgid "" "Compile the new compiler and a few related tools, then use the new compiler " "to compile the rest of the new world. The result is saved to /usr/" @@ -66531,7 +67396,7 @@ "儲存到 /usr/obj。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45223 +#: book.translate.xml:45340 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -66539,7 +67404,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45228 +#: book.translate.xml:45345 msgid "" "Use the new compiler residing in /usr/obj to build the " "new kernel, in order to protect against compiler-kernel mismatches. This is " @@ -66553,13 +67418,13 @@ "的程式會無法運作。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45236 +#: book.translate.xml:45353 #, no-wrap msgid "# make buildkernel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45240 +#: book.translate.xml:45357 msgid "" "Install the new kernel and kernel modules, making it possible to boot with " "the newly updated kernel. If kern.securelevel has been " @@ -66582,13 +67447,13 @@ "manvolnum> 取得有關各種檔案旗標的詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45252 +#: book.translate.xml:45369 #, no-wrap msgid "# make installkernel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45256 +#: book.translate.xml:45373 msgid "" "Drop the system into single-user mode in order to minimize problems from " "updating any binaries that are already running. It also minimizes any " @@ -66598,13 +67463,13 @@ "可減少在新核心上執行舊 World 的問題。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45261 +#: book.translate.xml:45378 #, no-wrap msgid "# shutdown now" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45263 +#: book.translate.xml:45380 msgid "" "Once in single-user mode, run these commands if the system is formatted with " "UFS:" @@ -66611,7 +67476,7 @@ msgstr "進入單使用者模式後，若系統磁碟格式為 UFS 請執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45266 +#: book.translate.xml:45383 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mount -u /\n" @@ -66620,7 +67485,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45270 +#: book.translate.xml:45387 msgid "" "If the system is instead formatted with ZFS, run these two commands. This " "example assumes a zpool name of zroot:" @@ -66629,7 +67494,7 @@ "zroot：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45274 +#: book.translate.xml:45391 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs set readonly=off zroot\n" @@ -66637,7 +67502,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45279 +#: book.translate.xml:45396 msgid "" "Optional: If a keyboard mapping other than the default US English is " "desired, it can be changed with kbdmap 來變更：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45283 +#: book.translate.xml:45400 #, no-wrap msgid "# kbdmap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45287 +#: book.translate.xml:45404 msgid "" "Then, for either file system, if the CMOS clock is set to " "local time (this is true if the output of date 顯示不正確的時間與時區)，請執行：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45292 +#: book.translate.xml:45409 #, no-wrap msgid "# adjkerntz -i" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45296 +#: book.translate.xml:45413 msgid "" "Remaking the world will not update certain directories, such as /" "etc, /var and /usr, " @@ -66695,19 +67560,19 @@ "linkend=\"mergemaster\"/> 來取得更多有關此指令的詳細操作說明：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45313 +#: book.translate.xml:45430 #, no-wrap msgid "# mergemaster -p" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45317 +#: book.translate.xml:45434 msgid "" "Install the new world and system binaries from /usr/obj." msgstr "從 /usr/obj 安裝新 World 與系統 Binary。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45320 +#: book.translate.xml:45437 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -66715,18 +67580,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45325 +#: book.translate.xml:45442 msgid "Update any remaining configuration files." msgstr "更新任何剩下的設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45327 +#: book.translate.xml:45444 #, no-wrap msgid "# mergemaster -iF" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45331 +#: book.translate.xml:45448 msgid "" "Delete any obsolete files. This is important as they may cause problems if " "left on the disk." @@ -66734,13 +67599,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/screen #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45334 book.translate.xml:45721 +#: book.translate.xml:45451 book.translate.xml:45838 #, no-wrap msgid "# make delete-old" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45338 +#: book.translate.xml:45455 msgid "" "A full reboot is now needed to load the new kernel and new world with the " "new configuration files." @@ -66747,13 +67612,13 @@ msgstr "現在需要完整重新啟動來載入新的核心、新的 World 與新的設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45341 +#: book.translate.xml:45458 #, no-wrap msgid "# reboot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45345 +#: book.translate.xml:45462 msgid "" "Make sure that all installed ports have first been rebuilt before old " "libraries are removed using the instructions in # make delete-old-libs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45358 +#: book.translate.xml:45475 msgid "" "If the system can have a window of down-time, consider compiling the system " "in single-user mode instead of compiling the system in multi-user mode, and " @@ -66789,17 +67654,17 @@ "是有使用者在使用時，是自找麻煩。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45371 +#: book.translate.xml:45488 msgid "make.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45375 +#: book.translate.xml:45492 msgid "This build world process uses several configuration files." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45378 +#: book.translate.xml:45495 msgid "" "The Makefile located in /usr/src " "describes how the programs that comprise FreeBSD should be built and the " @@ -66807,7 +67672,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45383 +#: book.translate.xml:45500 msgid "" "The options available to make are described in " "make.conf5src.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45402 +#: book.translate.xml:45519 msgid "" "How the operating system is built from source code is controlled by " "/etc/src.conf. Unlike /etc/make.confmake is as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45419 +#: book.translate.xml:45536 #, no-wrap msgid "# make -x -DVARIABLE target" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45421 +#: book.translate.xml:45538 msgid "" "In this example, is an option " "passed to make. Refer to " @@ -66868,7 +67733,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45426 +#: book.translate.xml:45543 msgid "" "To pass a variable, specify the variable name with . The behavior of the " @@ -66879,25 +67744,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45435 +#: book.translate.xml:45552 #, no-wrap msgid "# make -DNO_PROFILE target" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45437 +#: book.translate.xml:45554 msgid "" "It corresponds with this setting in /etc/make.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:45440 +#: book.translate.xml:45557 #, no-wrap msgid "NO_PROFILE= true # Avoid compiling profiled libraries" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45442 +#: book.translate.xml:45559 msgid "" "The target tells make what to " "do and the Makefile defines the available targets. Some " @@ -66906,7 +67771,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45449 +#: book.translate.xml:45566 msgid "" "Having separate options is useful for two reasons. First, it allows for a " "build that does not affect any components of a running system. Because of " @@ -66916,7 +67781,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45457 +#: book.translate.xml:45574 msgid "" "Secondly, it allows NFS mounts to be used to upgrade " "multiple machines on a network, as described in -j which will cause " "make to spawn several simultaneous processes. Since much " @@ -66934,7 +67799,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45469 +#: book.translate.xml:45586 msgid "" "On a single-CPU machine, run the following command to " "have up to 4 processes running at any one time. Empirical evidence posted to " @@ -66942,13 +67807,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45474 +#: book.translate.xml:45591 #, no-wrap msgid "# make -j4 buildworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45476 +#: book.translate.xml:45593 msgid "" "On a multi-CPU machine, try values between 6 and 10 to see how they speed things up." @@ -66955,7 +67820,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45480 +#: book.translate.xml:45597 msgid "" "rebuilding world timings" @@ -66962,7 +67827,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45486 +#: book.translate.xml:45603 msgid "" "If any variables were specified to make buildworld, " "specify the same variables to make installworld. However, " @@ -66971,29 +67836,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45492 +#: book.translate.xml:45609 msgid "For example, if this command was used:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45494 +#: book.translate.xml:45611 #, no-wrap msgid "# make -DNO_PROFILE buildworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45496 +#: book.translate.xml:45613 msgid "Install the results with:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45498 +#: book.translate.xml:45615 #, no-wrap msgid "# make -DNO_PROFILE installworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45500 +#: book.translate.xml:45617 msgid "" "Otherwise, the second command will try to install profiled libraries that " "were not built during the make buildworld phase." @@ -67000,17 +67865,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:45508 +#: book.translate.xml:45625 msgid "Merging Configuration Files" msgstr "合併設定檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45521 +#: book.translate.xml:45638 msgid " mergemaster " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45527 +#: book.translate.xml:45644 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides the mergemaster8 Bourne script to aid " @@ -67021,7 +67886,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45534 +#: book.translate.xml:45651 msgid "" "Before using mergemaster, it is recommended to first copy " "the existing /etc somewhere safe. Include :" @@ -68655,13 +69520,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47040 +#: book.translate.xml:47157 #, no-wrap msgid "# grep uart /var/run/dmesg.boot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47042 +#: book.translate.xml:47159 msgid "" "If the system does not recognize all of the needed serial ports, additional " "entries can be added to /boot/device.hints. This file " @@ -68675,17 +69540,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47055 +#: book.translate.xml:47172 msgid "ttyu" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47056 +#: book.translate.xml:47173 msgid "cuau" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47058 +#: book.translate.xml:47175 msgid "" "To determine the default set of terminal I/O settings " "used by the port, specify its device name. This example determines the " @@ -68693,13 +69558,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47063 +#: book.translate.xml:47180 #, no-wrap msgid "# stty -a -f /dev/ttyu1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47065 +#: book.translate.xml:47182 msgid "" "System-wide initialization of serial devices is controlled by /etc/" "rc.d/serial. This file affects the default settings of serial " @@ -68713,13 +69578,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47077 +#: book.translate.xml:47194 #, no-wrap msgid "# stty -f /dev/ttyu5.init clocal cs8 ixon ixoff" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47079 book.translate.xml:47664 +#: book.translate.xml:47196 book.translate.xml:47781 msgid "" "rc files rc.serial" @@ -68726,7 +69591,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47084 +#: book.translate.xml:47201 msgid "" "To prevent certain settings from being changed by an application, make " "adjustments to the locking device. For example, to lock the speed of " @@ -68734,13 +69599,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47089 +#: book.translate.xml:47206 #, no-wrap msgid "# stty -f /dev/ttyu5.lock 57600" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47091 +#: book.translate.xml:47208 msgid "" "Now, any application that opens ttyu5 and tries to " "change the speed of the port will be stuck with 57600 bps." @@ -68747,12 +69612,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:47099 +#: book.translate.xml:47216 msgid "Terminals" msgstr "終端機" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:47102 +#: book.translate.xml:47219 msgid "" " Sean Kelly Contributed by " @@ -68759,7 +69624,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47114 +#: book.translate.xml:47231 msgid "" "Terminals provide a convenient and low-cost way to access a FreeBSD system " "when not at the computer's console or on a connected network. This section " @@ -68767,7 +69632,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47119 +#: book.translate.xml:47236 msgid "" "The original UNIX systems did " "not have consoles. Instead, users logged in and ran programs through " @@ -68775,7 +69640,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47123 +#: book.translate.xml:47240 msgid "" "The ability to establish a login session on a serial port still exists in " "nearly every UNIX-like operating " @@ -68785,7 +69650,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47130 +#: book.translate.xml:47247 msgid "" "Many terminals can be attached to a FreeBSD system. An older spare computer " "can be used as a terminal wired into a more powerful computer running " @@ -68794,17 +69659,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47136 +#: book.translate.xml:47253 msgid "FreeBSD supports three types of terminals:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:47140 +#: book.translate.xml:47257 msgid "Dumb terminals" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47142 +#: book.translate.xml:47259 msgid "" "Dumb terminals are specialized hardware that connect to computers over " "serial lines. They are called dumb because they have only " @@ -68814,7 +69679,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47150 +#: book.translate.xml:47267 msgid "" "There are hundreds of kinds of dumb terminals made by many manufacturers, " "and just about any kind will work with FreeBSD. Some high-end terminals can " @@ -68823,7 +69688,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47156 +#: book.translate.xml:47273 msgid "" "Dumb terminals are popular in work environments where workers do not need " "access to graphical applications." @@ -68830,12 +69695,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:47163 +#: book.translate.xml:47280 msgid "Computers Acting as Terminals" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47165 +#: book.translate.xml:47282 msgid "" "Since a dumb terminal has just enough ability to display, send, and receive " "text, any spare computer can be a dumb terminal. All that is needed is the " @@ -68844,7 +69709,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47171 +#: book.translate.xml:47288 msgid "" "This configuration can be useful. For example, if one user is busy working " "at the FreeBSD system's console, another user can do some text-only work at " @@ -68853,7 +69718,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47177 +#: book.translate.xml:47294 msgid "" "There are at least two utilities in the base-system of FreeBSD that can be " "used to work through a serial connection: cu# cu -l serial-port-device" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47186 +#: book.translate.xml:47303 msgid "" "Replace serial-port-device with the device name " "of the connected serial port. These device files are called /dev/" @@ -68889,7 +69754,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47199 +#: book.translate.xml:47316 msgid "" "Additional programs are available through the Ports Collection, such as " "comms/minicom." @@ -68896,12 +69761,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:47206 +#: book.translate.xml:47323 msgid "X Terminals" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47208 +#: book.translate.xml:47325 msgid "" "X terminals are the most sophisticated kind of terminal available. Instead " "of connecting to a serial port, they usually connect to a network like " @@ -68910,18 +69775,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47215 +#: book.translate.xml:47332 msgid "" "This chapter does not cover the setup, configuration, or use of X terminals." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47222 +#: book.translate.xml:47339 msgid "Terminal Configuration" msgstr "終端機設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47224 +#: book.translate.xml:47341 msgid "" "This section describes how to configure a FreeBSD system to enable a login " "session on a serial terminal. It assumes that the system recognizes the " @@ -68930,7 +69795,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47230 +#: book.translate.xml:47347 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, init reads /etc/ttys and " "starts a getty process on the available terminals. The " @@ -68946,7 +69811,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47246 +#: book.translate.xml:47363 msgid "" "The default /etc/ttys configures support for the first " "four serial ports, ttyu0 through ttyu3on configures two terminals in /etc/" "ttys. The first entry configures a Wyse-50 connected to " @@ -68985,12 +69850,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:47272 +#: book.translate.xml:47389 msgid "Configuring Terminal Entries" msgstr "設定終端機項目" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47274 +#: book.translate.xml:47391 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ttyu1 \"/usr/libexec/getty std.38400\" wy50 on insecure\n" @@ -68998,12 +69863,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47279 +#: book.translate.xml:47396 msgid "The first field specifies the device name of the serial terminal." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47284 +#: book.translate.xml:47401 msgid "" "The second field tells getty to initialize and open the " "line, set the line speed, prompt for a user name, and then execute the " @@ -69019,7 +69884,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47300 +#: book.translate.xml:47417 msgid "" "When setting the getty type, make sure to match the communications settings " "used by the terminal. For this example, the Wyse-50 uses no parity and " @@ -69027,7 +69892,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47308 +#: book.translate.xml:47425 msgid "" "The third field is the type of terminal. For dial-up ports, " "unknown or dialup is typically used " @@ -69039,7 +69904,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47322 +#: book.translate.xml:47439 msgid "" "The fourth field specifies if the port should be enabled. To enable logins " "on this port, this field must be set to on." @@ -69046,7 +69911,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47328 +#: book.translate.xml:47445 msgid "" "The final field is used to specify whether the port is secure. Marking a " "port as secure means that it is trusted enough to allow " @@ -69060,7 +69925,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47342 +#: book.translate.xml:47459 msgid "" "After making any changes to /etc/ttys, send a SIGHUP " "(hangup) signal to the init process to force it to re-" @@ -69068,13 +69933,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47347 book.translate.xml:47662 +#: book.translate.xml:47464 book.translate.xml:47779 #, no-wrap msgid "# kill -HUP 1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47349 +#: book.translate.xml:47466 msgid "" "Since init is always the first process run on a system, " "it always has a process ID of 1." @@ -69081,7 +69946,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47353 +#: book.translate.xml:47470 msgid "" "If everything is set up correctly, all cables are in place, and the " "terminals are powered up, a getty process should now be " @@ -69090,12 +69955,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47361 +#: book.translate.xml:47478 msgid "Troubleshooting the Connection" msgstr "連線疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47363 +#: book.translate.xml:47480 msgid "" "Even with the most meticulous attention to detail, something could still go " "wrong while setting up a terminal. Here is a list of common symptoms and " @@ -69103,7 +69968,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47368 +#: book.translate.xml:47485 msgid "" "If no login prompt appears, make sure the terminal is plugged in and powered " "up. If it is a personal computer acting as a terminal, make sure it is " @@ -69111,7 +69976,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47373 +#: book.translate.xml:47490 msgid "" "Make sure the cable is connected firmly to both the terminal and the FreeBSD " "computer. Make sure it is the right kind of cable." @@ -69118,7 +69983,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47377 +#: book.translate.xml:47494 msgid "" "Make sure the terminal and FreeBSD agree on the bps rate " "and parity settings. For a video display terminal, make sure the contrast " @@ -69127,7 +69992,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47383 +#: book.translate.xml:47500 msgid "" "Use ps to make sure that a getty " "process is running and serving the terminal. For example, the following " @@ -69137,7 +70002,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47391 +#: book.translate.xml:47508 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ps -axww|grep ttyu\n" @@ -69145,7 +70010,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47394 +#: book.translate.xml:47511 msgid "" "If no getty process is running, make sure the port is " "enabled in /etc/ttys. Remember to run kill -" @@ -69153,7 +70018,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47399 +#: book.translate.xml:47516 msgid "" "If the getty process is running but the terminal still " "does not display a login prompt, or if it displays a prompt but will not " @@ -69168,7 +70033,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47413 +#: book.translate.xml:47530 msgid "" "If garbage appears instead of a login prompt, make sure the terminal and " "FreeBSD agree on the bps rate and parity settings. Check " @@ -69178,7 +70043,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47421 +#: book.translate.xml:47538 msgid "" "If characters appear doubled and the password appears when typed, switch the " "terminal, or the terminal emulation software, from half duplex Guy Helmer Contributed by " @@ -69198,7 +70063,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:47443 +#: book.translate.xml:47560 msgid "" " Sean Kelly Additions by " @@ -69205,12 +70070,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47453 +#: book.translate.xml:47570 msgid "dial-in service" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47455 +#: book.translate.xml:47572 msgid "" "Configuring a FreeBSD system for dial-in service is similar to configuring " "terminals, except that modems are used instead of terminal devices. FreeBSD " @@ -69218,7 +70083,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47460 +#: book.translate.xml:47577 msgid "" "External modems are more convenient because they often can be configured via " "parameters stored in non-volatile RAM and they usually " @@ -69228,7 +70093,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47467 +#: book.translate.xml:47584 msgid "" "Internal modems usually lack non-volatile RAM, so their " "configuration may be limited to setting DIP switches. If " @@ -69237,12 +70102,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47473 +#: book.translate.xml:47590 msgid "modem" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47475 +#: book.translate.xml:47592 msgid "" "When using an external modem, a proper cable is needed. A standard " "RS-232C serial cable should suffice." @@ -69249,7 +70114,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47479 +#: book.translate.xml:47596 msgid "" "FreeBSD needs the RTS and CTS signals " "for flow control at speeds above 2400 bps, the CD signal " @@ -69262,7 +70127,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47489 +#: book.translate.xml:47606 msgid "" "Like other UNIX-like operating " "systems, FreeBSD uses the hardware signals to find out when a call has been " @@ -69272,7 +70137,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47495 +#: book.translate.xml:47612 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports the NS8250, NS16450, " "NS16550, and NS16550A-based " @@ -69288,7 +70153,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47510 +#: book.translate.xml:47627 msgid "" "The rest of this section demonstrates how to configure a modem to receive " "incoming connections, how to communicate with the modem, and offers some " @@ -69296,17 +70161,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47515 +#: book.translate.xml:47632 msgid "Modem Configuration" msgstr "數據機設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47517 +#: book.translate.xml:47634 msgid "getty" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47518 +#: book.translate.xml:47635 msgid "" "As with terminals, init spawns a getty " "process for each configured serial port used for dial-in connections. When a " @@ -69324,12 +70189,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47535 +#: book.translate.xml:47652 msgid "/usr/bin/login" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47539 +#: book.translate.xml:47656 msgid "" "There are two schools of thought regarding dial-up modems. One configuration " "method is to set the modems and systems so that no matter at what speed a " @@ -69342,7 +70207,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47551 +#: book.translate.xml:47668 msgid "" "The second method is to configure the RS-232 interface to " "vary its speed based on the remote user's connection speed. Because " @@ -69360,7 +70225,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47569 +#: book.translate.xml:47686 msgid "" "When locking a modem's data communications rate at a particular speed, no " "changes to /etc/gettytab should be needed. However, for " @@ -69377,7 +70242,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47586 +#: book.translate.xml:47703 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#\n" @@ -69396,7 +70261,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47600 +#: book.translate.xml:47717 msgid "" "For a 28.8 Kbps modem, or to take advantage of compression on a 14.4 Kbps " "modem, use a higher communications rate, as seen in this example:" @@ -69403,7 +70268,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47604 +#: book.translate.xml:47721 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#\n" @@ -69423,7 +70288,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47619 +#: book.translate.xml:47736 msgid "" "For a slow CPU or a heavily loaded system without 16550A-" "based serial ports, this configuration may produce sio/etc/ttys" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47628 +#: book.translate.xml:47745 msgid "" "The configuration of /etc/ttys is similar to , but a different argument is passed to " @@ -69446,13 +70311,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47635 +#: book.translate.xml:47752 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyu0 \"/usr/libexec/getty xxx\" dialup on" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47637 +#: book.translate.xml:47754 msgid "" "The dialup terminal type can be changed. For example, " "setting vt102 as the default terminal type allows users " @@ -69460,7 +70325,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47643 +#: book.translate.xml:47760 msgid "" "For a locked-speed configuration, specify the speed with a valid type listed " "in /etc/gettytab. This example is for a modem whose " @@ -69468,13 +70333,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47648 +#: book.translate.xml:47765 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyu0 \"/usr/libexec/getty std.19200\" dialup on" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47650 +#: book.translate.xml:47767 msgid "" "In a matching-speed configuration, the entry needs to reference the " "appropriate beginning auto-baud entry in /etc/" @@ -69483,13 +70348,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47656 +#: book.translate.xml:47773 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyu0 \"/usr/libexec/getty V19200\" dialup on" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47658 +#: book.translate.xml:47775 msgid "" "After editing /etc/ttys, wait until the modem is " "properly configured and connected before signaling init:" @@ -69496,7 +70361,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47669 +#: book.translate.xml:47786 msgid "" "High-speed modems, like V.32, V.32bis, " "and V.34 modems, use hardware (RTS/CTS# stty -f /dev/ttyu1.init crtscts\n" @@ -69515,7 +70380,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47832 +#: book.translate.xml:47949 msgid "" "This section provides a few tips for troubleshooting a dial-up modem that " "will not connect to a FreeBSD system." @@ -69522,7 +70387,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47835 +#: book.translate.xml:47952 msgid "" "Hook up the modem to the FreeBSD system and boot the system. If the modem " "has status indication lights, watch to see whether the modem's DTRDTR indicator does not light, login to the FreeBSD " "system through the console and type ps ax to see if " @@ -69541,13 +70406,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47849 +#: book.translate.xml:47966 #, no-wrap msgid " 114 ?? I 0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyu0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47851 +#: book.translate.xml:47968 msgid "" "If the second column contains a d0 instead of a " "?? and the modem has not accepted a call yet, this means " @@ -69559,7 +70424,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47860 +#: book.translate.xml:47977 msgid "" "If no getty processes are waiting to open the port, " "double-check that the entry for the port is correct in /etc/ttyslogin: prompt, check /etc/" "gettytab again and double-check that:" @@ -69587,7 +70452,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47882 +#: book.translate.xml:47999 msgid "" "The initial capability name specified in the entry in /etc/ttys matches the name of a capability in /etc/gettytabnx= entry matches another gettytab capability name." @@ -69602,7 +70467,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47893 +#: book.translate.xml:48010 msgid "" "Each tc= entry matches another gettytab capability name." @@ -69609,7 +70474,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47898 +#: book.translate.xml:48015 msgid "" "If the modem on the FreeBSD system will not answer, make sure that the modem " "is configured to answer the phone when DTR is asserted. " @@ -69618,7 +70483,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47905 +#: book.translate.xml:48022 msgid "" "If it still does not work, try sending an email to the FreeBSD " @@ -69626,17 +70491,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:47912 +#: book.translate.xml:48029 msgid "Dial-out Service" msgstr "撥出服務" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47914 +#: book.translate.xml:48031 msgid "dial-out service" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47916 +#: book.translate.xml:48033 msgid "" "The following are tips for getting the host to connect over the modem to " "another computer. This is appropriate for establishing a terminal session " @@ -69644,7 +70509,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47920 +#: book.translate.xml:48037 msgid "" "This kind of connection can be helpful to get a file on the Internet if " "there are problems using PPP. If PPP is not working, use the terminal " @@ -69653,12 +70518,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47926 +#: book.translate.xml:48043 msgid "Using a Stock Hayes Modem" msgstr "使用 Stock Hayes 數據機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47928 +#: book.translate.xml:48045 msgid "" "A generic Hayes dialer is built into tip. Use " "at=hayes in /etc/remote." @@ -69665,7 +70530,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47932 +#: book.translate.xml:48049 msgid "" "The Hayes driver is not smart enough to recognize some of the advanced " "features of newer modems messages like BUSY, NO " @@ -69675,7 +70540,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47939 +#: book.translate.xml:48056 msgid "" "The dial timeout for tip is 60 seconds. The modem should " "use something less, or else tip will think there is a " @@ -69683,17 +70548,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47946 +#: book.translate.xml:48063 msgid "Using AT Commands" msgstr "使用 AT 指令" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47948 +#: book.translate.xml:48065 msgid "/etc/remote" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47951 +#: book.translate.xml:48068 msgid "" "Create a direct entry in /etc/remote. " "For example, if the modem is hooked up to the first serial port, /" @@ -69701,13 +70566,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47957 +#: book.translate.xml:48074 #, no-wrap msgid "cuau0:dv=/dev/cuau0:br#19200:pa=none" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47959 +#: book.translate.xml:48076 msgid "" "Use the highest bps rate the modem supports in the " "br capability. Then, type tip cuau0 to " @@ -69715,7 +70580,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47963 +#: book.translate.xml:48080 msgid "" "Or, use cu as root with the following command:" @@ -69722,13 +70587,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47966 +#: book.translate.xml:48083 #, no-wrap msgid "# cu -lline -sspeed" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47968 +#: book.translate.xml:48085 msgid "" "line is the serial port, such as /dev/" "cuau0, and speed is the speed, such as " @@ -69737,12 +70602,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47976 +#: book.translate.xml:48093 msgid "The @ Sign Does Not Work" msgstr "@ 符號無法運作" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47978 +#: book.translate.xml:48095 msgid "" "The @ sign in the phone number capability tells " "tip to look in /etc/phones for a " @@ -69752,18 +70617,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47985 +#: book.translate.xml:48102 #, no-wrap msgid "pn=\\@" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47989 +#: book.translate.xml:48106 msgid "Dialing from the Command Line" msgstr "從指令列撥號" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47991 +#: book.translate.xml:48108 msgid "" "Put a generic entry in /etc/remote. For " "example:" @@ -69770,7 +70635,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47994 +#: book.translate.xml:48111 #, no-wrap msgid "" "tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\\\n" @@ -69780,18 +70645,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47999 +#: book.translate.xml:48116 msgid "This should now work:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:48001 +#: book.translate.xml:48118 #, no-wrap msgid "# tip -115200 5551234" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48003 +#: book.translate.xml:48120 msgid "" "Users who prefer cu over tip, can use " "a generic cu entry:" @@ -69798,7 +70663,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48007 +#: book.translate.xml:48124 #, no-wrap msgid "" "cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\\\n" @@ -69806,23 +70671,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48010 +#: book.translate.xml:48127 msgid "and type:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:48012 +#: book.translate.xml:48129 #, no-wrap msgid "# cu 5551234 -s 115200" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48016 +#: book.translate.xml:48133 msgid "Setting the bps Rate" msgstr "設定 bps 率" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48018 +#: book.translate.xml:48135 msgid "" "Put in an entry for tip1200 or cu1200, " "but go ahead and use whatever bps rate is appropriate " @@ -69832,12 +70697,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48028 +#: book.translate.xml:48145 msgid "Accessing a Number of Hosts Through a Terminal Server" msgstr "透過終端伺服器存取多個主機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48031 +#: book.translate.xml:48148 msgid "" "Rather than waiting until connected and typing CONNECT " "host each time, use tiptip" msgstr "在 tip 使用超過一行" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48054 +#: book.translate.xml:48171 msgid "" "This is often a problem where a university has several modem lines and " "several thousand students trying to use them." @@ -69873,7 +70738,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48058 +#: book.translate.xml:48175 msgid "" "Make an entry in /etc/remote and use @ for the pn capability:" @@ -69880,7 +70745,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48062 +#: book.translate.xml:48179 #, no-wrap msgid "" "big-university:\\\n" @@ -69890,12 +70755,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48067 +#: book.translate.xml:48184 msgid "Then, list the phone numbers in /etc/phones:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48070 +#: book.translate.xml:48187 #, no-wrap msgid "" "big-university 5551111\n" @@ -69905,7 +70770,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48075 +#: book.translate.xml:48192 msgid "" "tip will try each number in the listed order, then give " "up. To keep retrying, run tip in a while Ctrl P is the default force character, used to tell " @@ -69928,7 +70793,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48093 +#: book.translate.xml:48210 msgid "" "Type ~sforce=single-char " "followed by a newline. single-char is any single " @@ -69942,7 +70807,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48114 +#: book.translate.xml:48231 msgid "" "To change the force character, specify the following in ~/.tiprc:" @@ -69949,18 +70814,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48117 +#: book.translate.xml:48234 #, no-wrap msgid "force=single-char" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48121 +#: book.translate.xml:48238 msgid "Upper Case Characters" msgstr "大寫字元" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48123 +#: book.translate.xml:48240 msgid "" "This happens when Ctrl " "A is pressed, which is tip's " @@ -69971,7 +70836,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48134 +#: book.translate.xml:48251 msgid "" "Here is a sample ~/.tiprc for Emacs users who need to type " @@ -69980,7 +70845,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48144 +#: book.translate.xml:48261 #, no-wrap msgid "" "force=^^\n" @@ -69988,7 +70853,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48147 +#: book.translate.xml:48264 msgid "" "The ^^ is ShiftCtrl6 ." @@ -69995,12 +70860,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48155 +#: book.translate.xml:48272 msgid "File Transfers with tip" msgstr "使用 tip 傳輸檔案" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48157 +#: book.translate.xml:48274 msgid "" "When talking to another UNIX-" "like operating system, files can be sent and received using ~p~p local-file remote-file" @@ -70017,7 +70882,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/cmdsynopsis -#: book.translate.xml:48169 +#: book.translate.xml:48286 msgid "" "~t remote-file local-file" @@ -70024,7 +70889,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48175 +#: book.translate.xml:48292 msgid "" "There is no error checking, so another protocol, like zmodem, should " "probably be used." @@ -70031,12 +70896,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48180 +#: book.translate.xml:48297 msgid "Using zmodem with tip?" msgstr "在 zmodem 使用 tip?" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48183 +#: book.translate.xml:48300 msgid "" "To receive files, start the sending program on the remote end. Then, type " "~C rz to begin receiving them locally." @@ -70043,7 +70908,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48187 +#: book.translate.xml:48304 msgid "" "To send files, start the receiving program on the remote end. Then, type " "~C sz files to send them to " @@ -70051,12 +70916,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:48196 +#: book.translate.xml:48313 msgid "Setting Up the Serial Console" msgstr "設定序列 Console" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:48199 +#: book.translate.xml:48316 msgid "" " Kazutaka YOKOTA Contributed by " @@ -70063,7 +70928,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:48209 +#: book.translate.xml:48326 msgid "" " Bill Paul Based on a document by " @@ -70070,12 +70935,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:48219 +#: book.translate.xml:48336 msgid "serial console" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48221 +#: book.translate.xml:48338 msgid "" "FreeBSD has the ability to boot a system with a dumb terminal on a serial " "port as a console. This configuration is useful for system administrators " @@ -70084,7 +70949,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48228 +#: book.translate.xml:48345 msgid "" "As described in , FreeBSD employs a three stage " "bootstrap. The first two stages are in the boot block code which is stored " @@ -70093,7 +70958,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48234 +#: book.translate.xml:48351 msgid "" "In order to set up booting from a serial console, the boot block code, the " "boot loader code, and the kernel need to be configured." @@ -70100,12 +70965,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48239 +#: book.translate.xml:48356 msgid "Quick Serial Console Configuration" msgstr "快速序列 Console 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48241 +#: book.translate.xml:48358 msgid "" "This section provides a fast overview of setting up the serial console. This " "procedure can be used when the dumb terminal is connected to COM1COM1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48250 +#: book.translate.xml:48367 msgid "" "Connect the serial cable to COM1 and the controlling " "terminal." @@ -70125,7 +70990,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48256 +#: book.translate.xml:48373 msgid "" "To configure boot messages to display on the serial console, issue the " "following command as the superuser:" @@ -70132,13 +70997,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:48260 +#: book.translate.xml:48377 #, no-wrap msgid "# echo 'console=\"comconsole\"' >> /boot/loader.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48264 +#: book.translate.xml:48381 msgid "" "Edit /etc/ttys and change off to " "on and dialup to vt100 for a discussion on serial " @@ -70190,12 +71055,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48303 +#: book.translate.xml:48420 msgid "Unplug the keyboard." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48305 +#: book.translate.xml:48422 msgid "" "Many systems probe for the keyboard during the Power-On Self-Test " "(POST) and will generate an error if the keyboard is not " @@ -70203,7 +71068,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48311 +#: book.translate.xml:48428 msgid "" "If the computer complains about the error, but boots anyway, no further " "configuration is needed." @@ -70210,7 +71075,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48314 +#: book.translate.xml:48431 msgid "" "If the computer refuses to boot without a keyboard attached, configure the " "BIOS so that it ignores this error. Consult the " @@ -70218,7 +71083,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:48320 +#: book.translate.xml:48437 msgid "" "Try setting the keyboard to Not installed in the " "BIOS. This setting tells the BIOS not " @@ -70230,7 +71095,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48331 +#: book.translate.xml:48448 msgid "" "If the system has a PS/2 mouse, " "unplug it as well. PS/2 mice " @@ -70239,7 +71104,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48337 +#: book.translate.xml:48454 msgid "" "While most systems will boot without a keyboard, quite a few will not boot " "without a graphics adapter. Some systems can be configured to boot with no " @@ -70252,7 +71117,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48352 +#: book.translate.xml:48469 msgid "" "Plug a dumb terminal, an old computer with a modem program, or the serial " "port on another UNIX box into " @@ -70260,7 +71125,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48358 +#: book.translate.xml:48475 msgid "" "Add the appropriate hint.sio.* entries to /boot/" "device.hints for the serial port. Some multi-port cards also " @@ -70271,7 +71136,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48367 +#: book.translate.xml:48484 msgid "" "Create boot.config in the root directory of the " "a partition on the boot drive." @@ -70278,7 +71143,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48371 +#: book.translate.xml:48488 msgid "" "This file instructs the boot block code how to boot the system. In order to " "activate the serial console, one or more of the following options are " @@ -70287,12 +71152,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48379 book.translate.xml:48488 +#: book.translate.xml:48496 book.translate.xml:48605 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48382 +#: book.translate.xml:48499 msgid "" "Toggles between the internal and serial consoles. Use this to switch console " "devices. For instance, to boot from the internal (video) console, use " @@ -70304,12 +71169,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48395 book.translate.xml:48493 +#: book.translate.xml:48512 book.translate.xml:48610 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48398 +#: book.translate.xml:48515 msgid "" "Toggles between the single and dual console configurations. In the single " "configuration, the console will be either the internal console (video " @@ -70322,12 +71187,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48416 +#: book.translate.xml:48533 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48419 +#: book.translate.xml:48536 msgid "" "Makes the boot block probe the keyboard. If no keyboard is found, the " " and options are automatically set." @@ -70334,7 +71199,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48425 +#: book.translate.xml:48542 msgid "" "Due to space constraints in the current version of the boot blocks, is capable of detecting extended keyboards only. Keyboards with " @@ -70344,7 +71209,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48438 +#: book.translate.xml:48555 msgid "" "Use either to select the console automatically or " " to activate the serial console. Refer to " @@ -70354,7 +71219,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48443 +#: book.translate.xml:48560 msgid "" "The options, except for , are passed to the boot loader. " "The boot loader will determine whether the internal video or the serial port " @@ -70366,12 +71231,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48456 +#: book.translate.xml:48573 msgid "Boot the machine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48458 +#: book.translate.xml:48575 msgid "" "When FreeBSD starts, the boot blocks echo the contents of /boot." "config to the console. For example:" @@ -70378,7 +71243,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:48462 +#: book.translate.xml:48579 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/boot.config: -P\n" @@ -70386,7 +71251,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48465 +#: book.translate.xml:48582 msgid "" "The second line appears only if is in /boot." "config and indicates the presence or absence of the keyboard. " @@ -70395,52 +71260,52 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48476 +#: book.translate.xml:48593 msgid "Options" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48477 +#: book.translate.xml:48594 msgid "Message goes to" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48483 +#: book.translate.xml:48600 msgid "none" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48484 book.translate.xml:48504 +#: book.translate.xml:48601 book.translate.xml:48621 msgid "internal console" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48489 book.translate.xml:48509 +#: book.translate.xml:48606 book.translate.xml:48626 msgid "serial console" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48494 book.translate.xml:48499 +#: book.translate.xml:48611 book.translate.xml:48616 msgid "serial and internal consoles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48498 +#: book.translate.xml:48615 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48503 +#: book.translate.xml:48620 msgid ", keyboard present" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48508 +#: book.translate.xml:48625 msgid ", keyboard absent" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48515 +#: book.translate.xml:48632 msgid "" "After the message, there will be a small pause before the boot blocks " "continue loading the boot loader and before any further messages are printed " @@ -70450,7 +71315,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48522 +#: book.translate.xml:48639 msgid "" "Press any key, other than Enter, at the console to " "interrupt the boot process. The boot blocks will then prompt for further " @@ -70458,7 +71323,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48530 +#: book.translate.xml:48647 msgid "" "Verify that the above message appears on either the serial or internal " "console, or both, according to the options in /boot.config-h then Enter or " @@ -70477,7 +71342,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48547 +#: book.translate.xml:48664 msgid "" "During the third stage of the boot process, one can still switch between the " "internal console and the serial console by setting appropriate environment " @@ -70486,7 +71351,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48554 +#: book.translate.xml:48671 msgid "" "This line in /boot/loader.conf or /boot/" "loader.conf.local configures the boot loader and the kernel to " @@ -70495,13 +71360,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48560 +#: book.translate.xml:48677 #, no-wrap msgid "console=\"comconsole\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48562 +#: book.translate.xml:48679 msgid "" "That line should be the first line of /boot/loader.conf " "so that boot messages are displayed on the serial console as early as " @@ -70509,7 +71374,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48567 +#: book.translate.xml:48684 msgid "" "If that line does not exist, or if it is set to console=\"vidconsole" "\", the boot loader and the kernel will use whichever console is " @@ -70519,7 +71384,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48573 +#: book.translate.xml:48690 msgid "" "At the moment, the boot loader has no option equivalent to . Replace " "115200 with the speed to use." @@ -70600,7 +71465,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48634 +#: book.translate.xml:48751 #, no-wrap msgid "" "boot_multicons=\"YES\"\n" @@ -70610,12 +71475,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48643 +#: book.translate.xml:48760 msgid "Entering the DDB Debugger from the Serial Line" msgstr "從序列線路 (Serial Line) 進入 DDB 除錯程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48645 +#: book.translate.xml:48762 msgid "" "To configure the ability to drop into the kernel debugger from the serial " "console, add the following options to a custom kernel configuration file and " @@ -70629,7 +71494,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48654 +#: book.translate.xml:48771 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER\n" @@ -70637,18 +71502,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:48679 +#: book.translate.xml:48796 msgid "PPP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#ppp-ppp -#: book.translate.xml:48684 book.translate.xml:48711 +#: book.translate.xml:48801 book.translate.xml:48828 msgid "PPP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48688 +#: book.translate.xml:48805 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports the Point-to-Point (PPP) protocol which " "can be used to establish a network or Internet connection using a dial-up " @@ -70660,13 +71525,13 @@ "為基礎的通訊服務。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48697 +#: book.translate.xml:48814 msgid "" "How to configure, use, and troubleshoot a PPP connection." msgstr "如何設定、使用 PPP 連線及排除問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48701 +#: book.translate.xml:48818 msgid "" "How to set up PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)." @@ -70675,7 +71540,7 @@ "acronym>)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48705 +#: book.translate.xml:48822 msgid "" "How to set up PPP over ATM " "(PPPoA)." @@ -70684,7 +71549,7 @@ "(PPPoA)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:48714 book.translate.xml:49975 +#: book.translate.xml:48831 book.translate.xml:50092 msgid "" "PPP over Ethernet" @@ -70691,12 +71556,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48723 book.translate.xml:61735 +#: book.translate.xml:48840 book.translate.xml:61852 msgid "Be familiar with basic network terminology." msgstr "熟悉基本網路術語。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48726 +#: book.translate.xml:48843 msgid "" "Understand the basics and purpose of a dial-up connection and PPP." @@ -70703,12 +71568,12 @@ msgstr "了解撥號連線及 PPP 的基礎及目的。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:48767 +#: book.translate.xml:48884 msgid "Configuring PPP" msgstr "設定 PPP" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48769 +#: book.translate.xml:48886 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides built-in support for managing dial-up PPP connections using pppPPP connection, the following items are " "needed:" @@ -70728,28 +71593,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48783 +#: book.translate.xml:48900 msgid "" "A dial-up account with an Internet Service Provider (ISP)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48788 +#: book.translate.xml:48905 msgid "A dial-up modem." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48792 +#: book.translate.xml:48909 msgid "The dial-up number for the ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48797 +#: book.translate.xml:48914 msgid "The login name and password assigned by the ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48802 +#: book.translate.xml:48919 msgid "" "The IP address of one or more DNS " "servers. Normally, the ISP provides these addresses. If " @@ -70758,7 +71623,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48810 +#: book.translate.xml:48927 msgid "" "If any of the required information is missing, contact the ISP." @@ -70765,7 +71630,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48813 +#: book.translate.xml:48930 msgid "" "The following information may be supplied by the ISP, but " "is not necessary:" @@ -70772,7 +71637,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48818 +#: book.translate.xml:48935 msgid "" "The IP address of the default gateway. If this " "information is unknown, the ISP will automatically " @@ -70782,7 +71647,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48827 +#: book.translate.xml:48944 msgid "" "The subnet mask. If the ISP has not provided one, " "255.255.255.255 will be used in " @@ -70792,12 +71657,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/indexterm #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#ppp-static-ip -#: book.translate.xml:48833 +#: book.translate.xml:48950 msgid "static IP address" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48837 +#: book.translate.xml:48954 msgid "" "If the ISP has assigned a static IP " "address and hostname, it should be input into the configuration file. " @@ -70806,7 +71671,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48845 +#: book.translate.xml:48962 msgid "" "The rest of this section demonstrates how to configure FreeBSD for common " "PPP connection scenarios. The required configuration file " @@ -70815,7 +71680,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48853 +#: book.translate.xml:48970 msgid "" "Throughout this section, many of the file examples display line numbers. " "These line numbers have been added to make it easier to follow the " @@ -70823,7 +71688,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48858 +#: book.translate.xml:48975 msgid "" "When editing a configuration file, proper indentation is important. Lines " "that end in a : start in the first column (beginning of " @@ -70832,12 +71697,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48865 book.translate.xml:51226 +#: book.translate.xml:48982 book.translate.xml:51343 msgid "Basic Configuration" msgstr "基礎設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:48867 +#: book.translate.xml:48984 msgid "" "PPP with static IP " "addresses" @@ -70844,7 +71709,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48873 +#: book.translate.xml:48990 msgid "" "In order to configure a PPP connection, first edit " "/etc/ppp/ppp.conf with the dial-in information for the " @@ -70852,7 +71717,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48878 +#: book.translate.xml:48995 #, no-wrap msgid "" "1 default:\n" @@ -70875,12 +71740,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48898 +#: book.translate.xml:49015 msgid "Line 1:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48901 +#: book.translate.xml:49018 msgid "" "Identifies the default entry. Commands in this entry " "(lines 2 through 9) are executed automatically when ppp " @@ -70888,12 +71753,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48909 +#: book.translate.xml:49026 msgid "Line 2:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48912 +#: book.translate.xml:49029 msgid "" "Enables verbose logging parameters for testing the connection. Once the " "configuration is working satisfactorily, this line should be reduced to:" @@ -70900,18 +71765,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48917 +#: book.translate.xml:49034 #, no-wrap msgid "set log phase tun" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48923 +#: book.translate.xml:49040 msgid "Line 3:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48926 +#: book.translate.xml:49043 msgid "" "Displays the version of ppp8 to the PPPCOM1 is /dev/cuau0 and COM2 " @@ -70932,12 +71797,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48945 +#: book.translate.xml:49062 msgid "Line 5:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48948 +#: book.translate.xml:49065 msgid "" "Sets the connection speed. If 115200 does not work on an " "older modem, try 38400 instead." @@ -70944,12 +71809,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48955 +#: book.translate.xml:49072 msgid "Lines 6 & 7:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48958 +#: book.translate.xml:49075 msgid "" "The dial string written as an expect-send syntax. Refer to " "chat8ppp.conf may do this if the last character " @@ -70965,22 +71830,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48971 +#: book.translate.xml:49088 msgid "Line 8:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48974 +#: book.translate.xml:49091 msgid "Sets the idle timeout for the link in seconds." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48980 +#: book.translate.xml:49097 msgid "Line 9:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48983 +#: book.translate.xml:49100 msgid "" "Instructs the peer to confirm the DNS settings. If the " "local network is running its own DNS server, this line " @@ -70989,12 +71854,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48993 +#: book.translate.xml:49110 msgid "Line 10:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48996 +#: book.translate.xml:49113 msgid "" "A blank line for readability. Blank lines are ignored by " "ppp8provider. This could be " "changed to the name of the ISP so that \n" @@ -72157,7 +73022,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:49944 +#: book.translate.xml:50061 msgid "" "Where x.x.x.x and y.y.y.y should be replaced with the IP address of " @@ -72165,7 +73030,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:49949 +#: book.translate.xml:50066 msgid "" "To configure syslog3 to provide logging for " @@ -72174,7 +73039,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:49953 +#: book.translate.xml:50070 #, no-wrap msgid "" "!ppp\n" @@ -72182,12 +73047,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:49973 +#: book.translate.xml:50090 msgid "Using PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)" msgstr "在乙太網路使用 PPP (PPPoE)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:49980 +#: book.translate.xml:50097 msgid "" "This section describes how to set up PPP over Ethernet " "(PPPoE)." @@ -72194,12 +73059,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:49983 +#: book.translate.xml:50100 msgid "Here is an example of a working ppp.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:49986 +#: book.translate.xml:50103 #, no-wrap msgid "" "default:\n" @@ -72216,12 +73081,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:49998 +#: book.translate.xml:50115 msgid "As root, run:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50001 +#: book.translate.xml:50118 #, no-wrap msgid "# ppp -ddial name_of_service_provider" msgstr "" @@ -72228,12 +73093,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/para #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:50003 book.translate.xml:63325 +#: book.translate.xml:50120 book.translate.xml:63442 msgid "Add the following to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50006 +#: book.translate.xml:50123 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ppp_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -72243,12 +73108,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:50012 +#: book.translate.xml:50129 msgid "Using a PPPoE Service Tag" msgstr "使用 PPPoE 服務標籤" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50014 +#: book.translate.xml:50131 msgid "" "Sometimes it will be necessary to use a service tag to establish the " "connection. Service tags are used to distinguish between different PPPoE " @@ -72256,7 +73121,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50019 +#: book.translate.xml:50136 msgid "" "Any required service tag information should be in the documentation provided " "by the ISP." @@ -72263,7 +73128,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50022 +#: book.translate.xml:50139 msgid "" "As a last resort, one could try installing the net/rr-pppoe package or port. Bear in mind however, this may de-program your " @@ -72274,7 +73139,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50031 +#: book.translate.xml:50148 msgid "" "The profile name (service tag) will be used in the PPPoE configuration entry " "in ppp.conf as the provider part for set " @@ -72284,13 +73149,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50037 +#: book.translate.xml:50154 #, no-wrap msgid "set device PPPoE:xl1:ISP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50039 +#: book.translate.xml:50156 msgid "" "Do not forget to change xl1 to the proper device " "for the Ethernet card." @@ -72297,12 +73162,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50042 +#: book.translate.xml:50159 msgid "Do not forget to change ISP to the profile." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50045 +#: book.translate.xml:50162 msgid "" "For additional information, refer to Cheaper Broadband with FreeBSD on DSL3Com HomeConnect ADSL Modem Dual Link" @@ -72319,7 +73184,7 @@ "\"registered\">HomeConnect ADSL Modem Dual Link 使用 PPPoE" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50055 +#: book.translate.xml:50172 msgid "" "This modem does not follow the PPPoE specification defined in RFC 2516." @@ -72326,7 +73191,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50059 +#: book.translate.xml:50176 msgid "" "In order to make FreeBSD capable of communicating with this device, a sysctl " "must be set. This can be done automatically at boot time by updating " @@ -72334,24 +73199,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50064 +#: book.translate.xml:50181 #, no-wrap msgid "net.graph.nonstandard_pppoe=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50066 +#: book.translate.xml:50183 msgid "or can be done immediately with the command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50068 +#: book.translate.xml:50185 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl net.graph.nonstandard_pppoe=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50070 +#: book.translate.xml:50187 msgid "" "Unfortunately, because this is a system-wide setting, it is not possible to " "talk to a normal PPPoE client or server and a PPP over ATM (PPPoA)" msgstr "在 ATM 使用 PPP (PPPoA)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50081 +#: book.translate.xml:50198 msgid "" "PPP over ATM" @@ -72373,12 +73238,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50086 +#: book.translate.xml:50203 msgid "PPPoA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50090 +#: book.translate.xml:50207 msgid "" "The following describes how to set up PPP over ATM " "(PPPoA). PPPoA is a popular choice among European DSL providers." @@ -72385,12 +73250,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:50147 +#: book.translate.xml:50264 msgid "Using mpd" msgstr "使用 mpd" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50149 +#: book.translate.xml:50266 msgid "" "The mpd application can be used to connect to a " "variety of services, in particular PPTP services. It can be installed using " @@ -72399,7 +73264,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50156 +#: book.translate.xml:50273 msgid "" "Once installed, configure mpd to suit the " "provider's settings. The port places a set of sample configuration files " @@ -72412,7 +73277,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:50168 +#: book.translate.xml:50285 msgid "" "This example mpd.conf only works with mpd 4.x." @@ -72419,7 +73284,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50172 +#: book.translate.xml:50289 #, no-wrap msgid "" "default:\n" @@ -72448,17 +73313,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:50198 +#: book.translate.xml:50315 msgid "The username used to authenticate with your ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:50202 +#: book.translate.xml:50319 msgid "The password used to authenticate with your ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50207 +#: book.translate.xml:50324 msgid "" "Information about the link, or links, to establish is found in mpd." "links. An example mpd.links to accompany the " @@ -72466,7 +73331,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50212 +#: book.translate.xml:50329 #, no-wrap msgid "" "adsl:\n" @@ -72478,7 +73343,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:50221 +#: book.translate.xml:50338 msgid "" "The IP address of FreeBSD computer running " "mpd." @@ -72485,7 +73350,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:50225 +#: book.translate.xml:50342 msgid "" "The IP address of the ADSL modem. The Alcatel " "SpeedTouch Home defaults to root:" @@ -72500,18 +73365,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50234 +#: book.translate.xml:50351 #, no-wrap msgid "# mpd -b adsl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50236 +#: book.translate.xml:50353 msgid "To view the status of the connection:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50238 +#: book.translate.xml:50355 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ifconfig ng0\n" @@ -72520,7 +73385,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50242 +#: book.translate.xml:50359 msgid "" "Using mpd is the recommended way to connect to an " "ADSL service with FreeBSD." @@ -72527,12 +73392,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:50247 +#: book.translate.xml:50364 msgid "Using pptpclient" msgstr "使用 pptpclient" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50249 +#: book.translate.xml:50366 msgid "" "It is also possible to use FreeBSD to connect to other PPPoA services using " "net/pptpclient." @@ -72539,7 +73404,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50252 +#: book.translate.xml:50369 msgid "" "To use net/pptpclient to connect to a DSL service, " "install the port or package, then edit /etc/ppp/ppp.confppp.confin " "plain text form, make sure nobody can read the contents of this file:" @@ -72581,7 +73446,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50283 +#: book.translate.xml:50400 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chown root:wheel /etc/ppp/ppp.conf\n" @@ -72589,7 +73454,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50288 +#: book.translate.xml:50405 msgid "" "This will open a tunnel for a PPP session to the DSL " "router. Ethernet DSL modems have a preconfigured LAN IP " @@ -72600,13 +73465,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50297 +#: book.translate.xml:50414 #, no-wrap msgid "# pptp address adsl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:50300 +#: book.translate.xml:50417 msgid "" "If an ampersand (&) is added to the end of this command, " "pptp will return the prompt." @@ -72613,7 +73478,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50306 +#: book.translate.xml:50423 msgid "" "A tun virtual tunnel device will be created for " "interaction between the pptp and " @@ -72623,7 +73488,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50314 +#: book.translate.xml:50431 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ifconfig tun0\n" @@ -72633,7 +73498,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50319 +#: book.translate.xml:50436 msgid "" "If the connection fails, check the configuration of the router, which is " "usually accessible using a web browser. Also, examine the output of " @@ -72642,7 +73507,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:50340 +#: book.translate.xml:50457 msgid "" "BillLloydOriginal work by " @@ -72649,7 +73514,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:50344 +#: book.translate.xml:50461 msgid "" "JimMockRewritten by " @@ -72656,7 +73521,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50354 +#: book.translate.xml:50471 msgid "" "Electronic Mail, better known as email, is one of the most " "widely used forms of communication today. This chapter provides a basic " @@ -72669,7 +73534,7 @@ "細節請參閱 內的參考書籍。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50365 +#: book.translate.xml:50482 msgid "" "Which software components are involved in sending and receiving electronic " "mail." @@ -72676,7 +73541,7 @@ msgstr "哪些軟體元件與收發電子郵件有關。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50370 +#: book.translate.xml:50487 msgid "" "Where basic Sendmail configuration files are " "located in FreeBSD." @@ -72683,17 +73548,17 @@ msgstr "FreeBSD 內的 Sendmail 設定檔在哪。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50375 +#: book.translate.xml:50492 msgid "The difference between remote and local mailboxes." msgstr "遠端信箱 (Mailbox) 與本機信箱的差異。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50380 +#: book.translate.xml:50497 msgid "How to block spammers from illegally using a mail server as a relay." msgstr "如何阻擋垃圾郵件寄件者 (Spammer) 非法使用郵件伺服器作為中繼站。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50385 +#: book.translate.xml:50502 msgid "" "How to install and configure an alternate Mail Transfer Agent, replacing " "Sendmail." @@ -72702,27 +73567,27 @@ "Sendmail。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50391 +#: book.translate.xml:50508 msgid "How to troubleshoot common mail server problems." msgstr "如何排除常見的郵件伺服器問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50395 +#: book.translate.xml:50512 msgid "How to set up the system to send mail only." msgstr "如何設定系統只能寄送郵件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50399 +#: book.translate.xml:50516 msgid "How to use mail with a dialup connection." msgstr "如何在撥號連線上使用郵件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50403 +#: book.translate.xml:50520 msgid "How to configure SMTP authentication for added security." msgstr "如何設定 SMTP 認証來增加安全性。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50408 +#: book.translate.xml:50525 msgid "" "How to install and use a Mail User Agent, such as mutt, to send and receive email." @@ -72731,7 +73596,7 @@ "application> 來寄發與接收電子郵件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50414 +#: book.translate.xml:50531 msgid "" "How to download mail from a remote POP or IMAP server." @@ -72740,12 +73605,12 @@ "件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50420 +#: book.translate.xml:50537 msgid "How to automatically apply filters and rules to incoming email." msgstr "如何自動套用過濾器及規則在收到的電子郵件上。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50429 +#: book.translate.xml:50546 msgid "" "Properly set up a network connection ()." @@ -72752,7 +73617,7 @@ msgstr "正確的設定網路連線 ()。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50433 +#: book.translate.xml:50550 msgid "" "Properly set up the DNS information for a mail host " "()." @@ -72761,22 +73626,22 @@ "servers\"/>)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:50445 +#: book.translate.xml:50562 msgid "Mail Components" msgstr "郵件組成" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50447 +#: book.translate.xml:50564 msgid "POP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50448 +#: book.translate.xml:50565 msgid "IMAP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50450 +#: book.translate.xml:50567 msgid "" "mail server daemons Sendmail" @@ -72783,7 +73648,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50454 +#: book.translate.xml:50571 msgid "" "mail server daemons Postfix" @@ -72790,7 +73655,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50458 +#: book.translate.xml:50575 msgid "" "mail server daemons qmail" @@ -72797,7 +73662,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50462 +#: book.translate.xml:50579 msgid "" "mail server daemons Exim" @@ -72804,7 +73669,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50466 +#: book.translate.xml:50583 msgid "email receiving" msgstr "" @@ -72811,18 +73676,18 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50470 book.translate.xml:51142 book.translate.xml:51261 -#: book.translate.xml:56094 +#: book.translate.xml:50587 book.translate.xml:51259 book.translate.xml:51378 +#: book.translate.xml:56211 msgid "MX record" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50471 +#: book.translate.xml:50588 msgid "mail host" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50473 +#: book.translate.xml:50590 msgid "" "There are five major parts involved in an email exchange: the Mail User " "Agent (MUA), the Mail Transfer Agent (MTAMUA)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "郵件使用者代理程式 (Mail User Agent, MUA)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50483 +#: book.translate.xml:50600 msgid "" "The Mail User Agent (MUA) is an application which is used " "to compose, send, and receive emails. This application can be a command line " @@ -72853,12 +73718,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50503 +#: book.translate.xml:50620 msgid "Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "郵件傳輸代理程式 (Mail Transfer Agent, MTA)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50505 +#: book.translate.xml:50622 msgid "" "The Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) is responsible for " "receiving incoming mail and delivering outgoing mail. FreeBSD ships with " @@ -72873,12 +73738,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50525 +#: book.translate.xml:50642 msgid "Mail Host and Mailboxes" -msgstr "" +msgstr "郵件主機 (Mail Host) 與郵件信箱 (Mailbox)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50527 +#: book.translate.xml:50644 msgid "" "The mail host is a server that is responsible for delivering and receiving " "mail for a host or a network. The mail host collects all mail sent to the " @@ -72892,7 +73757,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50540 +#: book.translate.xml:50657 msgid "" "To access mailboxes remotely, a POP or IMAP server is required as these protocols allow users to connect to " @@ -72906,7 +73771,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50553 +#: book.translate.xml:50670 msgid "" "Several POP and IMAP servers are " "available in the Ports Collection. These include mail/qpopperPOP and IMAP transmit information, including username and password credentials, " @@ -72928,12 +73793,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:50574 book.translate.xml:55178 +#: book.translate.xml:50691 book.translate.xml:55295 msgid "Domain Name System (DNS)" -msgstr "網域名稱系統 (DNS)" +msgstr "網域名稱系統 (Domain Name System, DNS)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50576 +#: book.translate.xml:50693 msgid "" "The Domain Name System (DNS) and its daemon " "named play a large role in the delivery of email. In " @@ -72944,7 +73809,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50585 +#: book.translate.xml:50702 msgid "" "In addition to mapping hostnames to IP addresses, " "DNS is responsible for storing information specific to " @@ -72954,7 +73819,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50593 +#: book.translate.xml:50710 msgid "" "To view the MX records for a domain, specify the type of " "record. Refer to host% host -t mx FreeBSD.org\n" @@ -72971,7 +73836,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50600 +#: book.translate.xml:50717 msgid "" "Refer to for more information about " "DNS and its configuration." @@ -72978,12 +73843,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:50610 +#: book.translate.xml:50727 msgid "Sendmail Configuration Files" msgstr "Sendmail 設定檔" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:50614 +#: book.translate.xml:50731 msgid "" " Christopher Shumway Contributed by " @@ -72990,12 +73855,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50624 +#: book.translate.xml:50741 msgid "Sendmail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50628 +#: book.translate.xml:50745 msgid "" "Sendmail is the default MTA " "installed with FreeBSD. It accepts mail from MUAs and " @@ -73005,7 +73870,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50636 +#: book.translate.xml:50753 msgid "" "The configuration files for Sendmail are located " "in /etc/mail. This section describes these files in " @@ -73013,47 +73878,47 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50641 +#: book.translate.xml:50758 msgid "/etc/mail/access" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50644 +#: book.translate.xml:50761 msgid "/etc/mail/aliases" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50647 +#: book.translate.xml:50764 msgid "/etc/mail/local-host-names" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50650 +#: book.translate.xml:50767 msgid "/etc/mail/mailer.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50653 +#: book.translate.xml:50770 msgid "/etc/mail/mailertable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50656 +#: book.translate.xml:50773 msgid "/etc/mail/sendmail.cf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50659 +#: book.translate.xml:50776 msgid "/etc/mail/virtusertable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50665 +#: book.translate.xml:50782 msgid "/etc/mail/access" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50667 +#: book.translate.xml:50784 msgid "" "This access database file defines which hosts or IP " "addresses have access to the local mail server and what kind of access they " @@ -73071,7 +73936,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50685 +#: book.translate.xml:50802 msgid "" "Examples of using these options for both IPv4 and " "IPv6 addresses can be found in the FreeBSD sample " @@ -73079,7 +73944,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50690 +#: book.translate.xml:50807 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# $FreeBSD$\n" @@ -73101,7 +73966,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50707 +#: book.translate.xml:50824 msgid "" "To configure the access database, use the format shown in the sample to make " "entries in /etc/mail/access, but do not put a comment " @@ -73112,7 +73977,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50716 +#: book.translate.xml:50833 msgid "" "Whenever this file is updated, update its database and restart " "Sendmail:" @@ -73119,7 +73984,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50719 +#: book.translate.xml:50836 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# makemap hash /etc/mail/access < /etc/mail/access\n" @@ -73127,12 +73992,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50725 +#: book.translate.xml:50842 msgid "/etc/mail/aliases" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50727 +#: book.translate.xml:50844 msgid "" "This database file contains a list of virtual mailboxes that are expanded to " "users, files, programs, or other aliases. Here are a few entries to " @@ -73140,7 +74005,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50732 +#: book.translate.xml:50849 #, no-wrap msgid "" "root: localuser\n" @@ -73150,7 +74015,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50737 +#: book.translate.xml:50854 msgid "" "The mailbox name on the left side of the colon is expanded to the target(s) " "on the right. The first entry expands the newaliases to update " "and initialize the aliases database." @@ -73179,12 +74044,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50789 +#: book.translate.xml:50906 msgid "/etc/mail/sendmail.cf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50791 +#: book.translate.xml:50908 msgid "" "This is the master configuration file for Sendmail. It controls the overall behavior of SendmailSendmail configuration file can be " "built from m41Sendmail " "needs to be restarted for the changes to take effect." @@ -73212,12 +74077,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50814 +#: book.translate.xml:50931 msgid "/etc/mail/virtusertable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50816 +#: book.translate.xml:50933 msgid "" "This database file maps mail addresses for virtual domains and users to real " "mailboxes. These mailboxes can be local, remote, aliases defined in " @@ -73226,7 +74091,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50823 +#: book.translate.xml:50940 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides a sample configuration file in /etc/mail/" "virtusertable.sample to further demonstrate its format. The " @@ -73235,7 +74100,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50829 +#: book.translate.xml:50946 #, no-wrap msgid "" "root@example.com root\n" @@ -73244,7 +74109,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50833 +#: book.translate.xml:50950 msgid "" "This file is processed in a first match order. When an email address matches " "the address on the left, it is mapped to the local mailbox listed on the " @@ -73260,7 +74125,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50848 +#: book.translate.xml:50965 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# makemap hash /etc/mail/virtusertable < /etc/mail/virtusertable\n" @@ -73268,12 +74133,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50854 +#: book.translate.xml:50971 msgid "/etc/mail/relay-domains" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50856 +#: book.translate.xml:50973 msgid "" "In a default FreeBSD installation, Sendmail is " "configured to only send mail from the host it is running on. For example, if " @@ -73285,7 +74150,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50867 +#: book.translate.xml:50984 msgid "" "The most straightforward solution is to add the ISP's " "FQDN to /etc/mail/relay-domains. If " @@ -73293,7 +74158,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50873 +#: book.translate.xml:50990 #, no-wrap msgid "" "your.isp.example.com\n" @@ -73303,7 +74168,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50878 +#: book.translate.xml:50995 msgid "" "After creating or editing this file, restart Sendmail with service sendmail restart." @@ -73310,7 +74175,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50882 +#: book.translate.xml:50999 msgid "" "Now any mail sent through the system by any host in this list, provided the " "user has an account on the system, will succeed. This allows users to send " @@ -73319,12 +74184,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:50894 +#: book.translate.xml:51011 msgid "Changing the Mail Transfer Agent" msgstr "更改郵件傳輸代理程式" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:50897 +#: book.translate.xml:51014 msgid "" " Andrew Boothman Written by " @@ -73331,7 +74196,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:50907 +#: book.translate.xml:51024 msgid "" " Gregory Neil Shapiro " " Information taken from emails written by " @@ -73338,12 +74203,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50917 +#: book.translate.xml:51034 msgid "email change mta" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50922 +#: book.translate.xml:51039 msgid "" "FreeBSD comes with Sendmail already installed as " "the MTA which is in charge of outgoing and incoming mail. " @@ -73353,7 +74218,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50930 +#: book.translate.xml:51047 msgid "" "Once a new MTA is installed, configure and test the new " "software before replacing Sendmail. Refer to the " @@ -73362,7 +74227,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50936 +#: book.translate.xml:51053 msgid "" "Once the new MTA is working, use the instructions in this " "section to disable Sendmail and configure FreeBSD " @@ -73370,12 +74235,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:50942 +#: book.translate.xml:51059 msgid "Disable Sendmail" msgstr "關閉 Sendmail" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:50945 +#: book.translate.xml:51062 msgid "" "If Sendmail's outgoing mail service is disabled, " "it is important that it is replaced with an alternative mail delivery " @@ -73389,7 +74254,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50957 +#: book.translate.xml:51074 msgid "" "In order to completely disable Sendmail, add or " "edit the following lines in /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -73396,7 +74261,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50961 +#: book.translate.xml:51078 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sendmail_enable=\"NO\"\n" @@ -73406,7 +74271,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50966 +#: book.translate.xml:51083 msgid "" "To only disable Sendmail's incoming mail service, " "use only this entry in /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -73413,13 +74278,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50970 +#: book.translate.xml:51087 #, no-wrap msgid "sendmail_enable=\"NO\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50972 +#: book.translate.xml:51089 msgid "" "More information on Sendmail's startup options is " "available in rc.sendmailMTA" msgstr "替換預設的 MTA" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50979 +#: book.translate.xml:51096 msgid "" "When a new MTA is installed using the Ports Collection, " "its startup script is also installed and startup instructions are mentioned " @@ -73443,7 +74308,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50987 +#: book.translate.xml:51104 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service sendmail stop\n" @@ -73451,7 +74316,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50990 +#: book.translate.xml:51107 msgid "" "To start the replacement MTA at system boot, add its " "configuration line to /etc/rc.conf. This entry enables " @@ -73459,13 +74324,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50995 +#: book.translate.xml:51112 #, no-wrap msgid "postfix_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50997 +#: book.translate.xml:51114 msgid "" "Some extra configuration is needed as Sendmail is " "so ubiquitous that some software assumes it is already installed and " @@ -73475,7 +74340,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51004 +#: book.translate.xml:51121 #, no-wrap msgid "" "daily_clean_hoststat_enable=\"NO\"\n" @@ -73485,7 +74350,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51009 +#: book.translate.xml:51126 msgid "" "Some alternative MTAs provide their own compatible " "implementations of the Sendmail command-line " @@ -73501,12 +74366,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51022 +#: book.translate.xml:51139 msgid "The default /etc/mail/mailer.conf looks like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51025 +#: book.translate.xml:51142 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# $FreeBSD$\n" @@ -73522,7 +74387,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51036 +#: book.translate.xml:51153 msgid "" "When any of the commands listed on the left are run, the system actually " "executes the associated command shown on the right. This system makes it " @@ -73531,7 +74396,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51041 +#: book.translate.xml:51158 msgid "" "Some MTAs, when installed using the Ports Collection, " "will prompt to update this file for the new binaries. For example, " @@ -73539,7 +74404,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51046 +#: book.translate.xml:51163 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#\n" @@ -73552,7 +74417,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51054 +#: book.translate.xml:51171 msgid "" "If the installation of the MTA does not automatically " "update /etc/mail/mailer.conf, edit this file in a text " @@ -73561,7 +74426,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51061 +#: book.translate.xml:51178 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sendmail /usr/local/sbin/ssmtp\n" @@ -73573,7 +74438,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51068 +#: book.translate.xml:51185 msgid "" "Once everything is configured, it is recommended to reboot the system. " "Rebooting provides the opportunity to ensure that the system is correctly " @@ -73581,17 +74446,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:51078 +#: book.translate.xml:51195 msgid "email troubleshooting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:51086 +#: book.translate.xml:51203 msgid "Why do I have to use the FQDN for hosts on my site?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51091 +#: book.translate.xml:51208 msgid "" "The host may actually be in a different domain. For example, in order for a " "host in foo.bar.edu to reach " @@ -73604,12 +74469,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:51100 book.translate.xml:55192 +#: book.translate.xml:51217 book.translate.xml:55309 msgid "BIND" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51099 +#: book.translate.xml:51216 msgid "" "This is because the version of BIND<_:indexterm-1/" "> which ships with FreeBSD no longer provides default abbreviations for non-" @@ -73620,7 +74485,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51108 +#: book.translate.xml:51225 msgid "" "In older versions of BIND, the search continued " "across mumble.bar.edu, and " @@ -73629,29 +74494,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51114 +#: book.translate.xml:51231 msgid "As a good workaround, place the line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51116 +#: book.translate.xml:51233 #, no-wrap msgid "search foo.bar.edu bar.edu" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51118 +#: book.translate.xml:51235 msgid "instead of the previous:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51120 +#: book.translate.xml:51237 #, no-wrap msgid "domain foo.bar.edu" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51122 +#: book.translate.xml:51239 msgid "" "into /etc/resolv.conf. However, make sure that the " "search order does not go beyond the boundary between local and public " @@ -73659,12 +74524,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:51131 +#: book.translate.xml:51248 msgid "How can I run a mail server on a dial-up PPP host?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51136 +#: book.translate.xml:51253 msgid "" "Connect to a FreeBSD mail gateway on the LAN. The PPP connection is non-" "dedicated." @@ -73671,7 +74536,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51139 +#: book.translate.xml:51256 msgid "" "One way to do this is to get a full-time Internet server to provide " "secondary MX <_:indexterm-1/> services for the domain. In " @@ -73682,7 +74547,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51150 +#: book.translate.xml:51267 #, no-wrap msgid "" "example.com. MX 10 example.com.\n" @@ -73690,7 +74555,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51153 +#: book.translate.xml:51270 msgid "" "Only one host should be specified as the final recipient. For " "Sendmail, add Cw example.com " @@ -73699,7 +74564,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51158 +#: book.translate.xml:51275 msgid "" "When the sending MTA attempts to deliver mail, it will " "try to connect to the system, example." @@ -73713,12 +74578,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51170 +#: book.translate.xml:51287 msgid "Use something like this as a login script:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51172 +#: book.translate.xml:51289 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -73728,7 +74593,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51177 +#: book.translate.xml:51294 msgid "" "When creating a separate login script for users, instead use " "sendmail -qRexample.com in the script above. This will " @@ -73737,7 +74602,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51184 +#: book.translate.xml:51301 msgid "" "A further refinement of the situation can be seen from this example from the " "email configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51233 +#: book.translate.xml:51350 msgid "" "Out of the box, one can send email to external hosts as long as /" "etc/resolv.conf is configured or the network has access to a " @@ -73799,18 +74664,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51241 +#: book.translate.xml:51358 msgid "Run a DNS server for the domain." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51246 +#: book.translate.xml:51363 msgid "" "Get mail delivered directly to the FQDN for the machine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51252 +#: book.translate.xml:51369 msgid "" "In order to have mail delivered directly to a host, it must have a permanent " "static IP address, not a dynamic IP address. If the system is behind a " @@ -73819,7 +74684,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51260 +#: book.translate.xml:51377 msgid "" "Make sure that the lowest-numbered MX<_:indexterm-1/> " "record in DNS points to the host's static IP address." @@ -73826,7 +74691,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51268 +#: book.translate.xml:51385 msgid "" "Make sure there is no MX entry in the DNS for the host." @@ -73833,18 +74698,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51273 +#: book.translate.xml:51390 msgid "" "Either of the above will allow mail to be received directly at the host." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51276 +#: book.translate.xml:51393 msgid "Try this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51278 +#: book.translate.xml:51395 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# hostname\n" @@ -73854,7 +74719,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51283 +#: book.translate.xml:51400 msgid "" "In this example, mail sent directly to yourlogin@example.FreeBSD.org should work without problems, " @@ -73863,12 +74728,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51289 +#: book.translate.xml:51406 msgid "For this example:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51291 +#: book.translate.xml:51408 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# host example.FreeBSD.org\n" @@ -73877,7 +74742,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51295 +#: book.translate.xml:51412 msgid "" "All mail sent to example.FreeBSD.org will be collected on hub under the same " @@ -73885,7 +74750,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51299 +#: book.translate.xml:51416 msgid "" "The above information is handled by the DNS server. The " "DNS record that carries mail routing information is the " @@ -73894,7 +74759,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51306 +#: book.translate.xml:51423 msgid "" "The MX entry for freefall.FreeBSD.org at one time looked like this:" @@ -73901,7 +74766,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51309 +#: book.translate.xml:51426 #, no-wrap msgid "" "freefall\t\tMX\t30\tmail.crl.net\n" @@ -73911,7 +74776,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51314 +#: book.translate.xml:51431 msgid "" "freefall had many MX entries. " "The lowest MX number is the host that receives mail " @@ -73921,7 +74786,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51322 +#: book.translate.xml:51439 msgid "" "Alternate MX sites should have separate Internet " "connections in order to be most useful. Your ISP can " @@ -73929,12 +74794,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:51328 +#: book.translate.xml:51445 msgid "Mail for a Domain" msgstr "網域中的郵件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51330 +#: book.translate.xml:51447 msgid "" "When configuring a MTA for a network, any mail sent to " "hosts in its domain should be diverted to the MTA so that " @@ -73942,7 +74807,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51336 +#: book.translate.xml:51453 msgid "" "To make life easiest, a user account with the same username should exist on both the MTA and the system " @@ -73952,7 +74817,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51342 +#: book.translate.xml:51459 msgid "" "The MTA must be the designated mail exchanger for each " "workstation on the network. This is done in theDNS " @@ -73960,7 +74825,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51347 +#: book.translate.xml:51464 #, no-wrap msgid "" "example.FreeBSD.org\tA\t204.216.27.XX\t\t; Workstation\n" @@ -73968,7 +74833,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51350 +#: book.translate.xml:51467 msgid "" "This will redirect mail for the workstation to the MTA no " "matter where the A record points. The mail is sent to the MXDNS server. If the network " "does not run its own DNS server, talk to the " @@ -73984,7 +74849,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51360 +#: book.translate.xml:51477 msgid "" "The following is an example of virtual email hosting. Consider a customer " "with the domain customer1.orgA> record is not needed for " "customer1.org in order to " @@ -74011,7 +74876,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51375 +#: book.translate.xml:51492 msgid "" "Tell the MTA which domains and/or hostnames it should " "accept mail for. Either of the following will work for " @@ -74019,7 +74884,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51381 +#: book.translate.xml:51498 msgid "" "Add the hosts to /etc/mail/local-host-names when using " "the FEATURE(use_cw_file)." @@ -74026,7 +74891,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51387 +#: book.translate.xml:51504 msgid "" "Add a Cwyour.host.com line to /etc/sendmail.cf." @@ -74033,12 +74898,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:51396 +#: book.translate.xml:51513 msgid "Setting Up to Send Only" msgstr "寄件設定" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:51399 +#: book.translate.xml:51516 msgid "" " Bill Moran Contributed by " @@ -74045,7 +74910,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51409 +#: book.translate.xml:51526 msgid "" "There are many instances where one may only want to send mail through a " "relay. Some examples are:" @@ -74052,7 +74917,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51414 +#: book.translate.xml:51531 msgid "" "The computer is a desktop machine that needs to use programs such as " "send-pr1MTA is capable of filling this particular " "niche, it can be difficult to properly configure a full-featured " @@ -74077,7 +74942,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51433 +#: book.translate.xml:51550 msgid "" "Additionally, a typical Internet access service agreement may forbid one " "from running a mail server." @@ -74084,7 +74949,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51436 +#: book.translate.xml:51553 msgid "" "The easiest way to fulfill those needs is to install the mail/" "ssmtp port:" @@ -74091,7 +74956,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51439 +#: book.translate.xml:51556 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/mail/ssmtp\n" @@ -74099,7 +74964,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51442 +#: book.translate.xml:51559 msgid "" "Once installed, mail/ssmtp can be configured with " "/usr/local/etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf:" @@ -74106,7 +74971,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51446 +#: book.translate.xml:51563 #, no-wrap msgid "" "root=yourrealemail@example.com\n" @@ -74116,7 +74981,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51451 +#: book.translate.xml:51568 msgid "" "Use the real email address for root. Enter the ISP's outgoing mail relay in place " @@ -74126,7 +74991,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51457 +#: book.translate.xml:51574 msgid "" "Make sure to disable Sendmail, including the " "outgoing mail service. See for " @@ -74134,7 +74999,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51460 +#: book.translate.xml:51577 msgid "" "mail/ssmtp has some other options available. Refer to the " "examples in /usr/local/etc/ssmtp or the manual page of " @@ -74142,7 +75007,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51465 +#: book.translate.xml:51582 msgid "" "Setting up ssmtp in this manner allows any " "software on the computer that needs to send mail to function properly, while " @@ -74151,12 +75016,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:51473 +#: book.translate.xml:51590 msgid "Using Mail with a Dialup Connection" msgstr "在撥號連線使用郵件" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51475 +#: book.translate.xml:51592 msgid "" "When using a static IP address, one should not need to adjust the default " "configuration. Set the hostname to the assigned Internet name and " @@ -74164,7 +75029,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51480 +#: book.translate.xml:51597 msgid "" "When using a dynamically assigned IP address and a dialup PPP connection to " "the Internet, one usually has a mailbox on the ISP's mail " @@ -74177,7 +75042,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51489 +#: book.translate.xml:51606 msgid "" "In order to retrieve mail from the ISP's mailbox, install " "a retrieval agent from the Ports Collection. mail/fetchmailSendmail to deliver mail to non-local " "accounts, configure Sendmail to process the mail " @@ -74207,13 +75072,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51509 +#: book.translate.xml:51626 #, no-wrap msgid " !bg su user -c \"sendmail -q\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51511 +#: book.translate.xml:51628 msgid "" "In this example, there is an account for user on bsd.homeuser as it contains the password " @@ -74237,7 +75102,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51524 +#: book.translate.xml:51641 msgid "" "In order to send mail with the correct from: header, " "configure Sendmail to use user@example." @@ -74247,12 +75112,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51531 +#: book.translate.xml:51648 msgid "The following .mc should suffice:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51534 +#: book.translate.xml:51651 #, no-wrap msgid "" "VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0')\n" @@ -74274,7 +75139,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51551 +#: book.translate.xml:51668 msgid "" "Refer to the previous section for details of how to convert this file into " "the sendmail.cf format. Do not forget to restart " @@ -74283,12 +75148,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:51559 +#: book.translate.xml:51676 msgid "SMTP Authentication" msgstr "SMTP 認證" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:51562 +#: book.translate.xml:51679 msgid "" " James Gorham Written by " @@ -74295,7 +75160,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51572 +#: book.translate.xml:51689 msgid "" "Configuring SMTP authentication on the MTA provides a number of benefits. SMTP " @@ -74306,7 +75171,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51582 +#: book.translate.xml:51699 msgid "" "Install security/cyrus-sasl2 from the Ports Collection. " "This port supports a number of compile-time options. For the SMTP " @@ -74315,7 +75180,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51591 +#: book.translate.xml:51708 msgid "" "After installing security/cyrus-sasl2, edit /" "usr/local/lib/sasl2/Sendmail.conf, or create it if it does not " @@ -74323,13 +75188,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51597 +#: book.translate.xml:51714 #, no-wrap msgid "pwcheck_method: saslauthd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51601 +#: book.translate.xml:51718 msgid "" "Next, install security/cyrus-sasl2-saslauthd and add the " "following line to /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -74336,24 +75201,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51606 +#: book.translate.xml:51723 #, no-wrap msgid "saslauthd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51608 +#: book.translate.xml:51725 msgid "Finally, start the saslauthd daemon:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51610 +#: book.translate.xml:51727 #, no-wrap msgid "# service saslauthd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51612 +#: book.translate.xml:51729 msgid "" "This daemon serves as a broker for Sendmail to " "authenticate against the FreeBSD passwd/etc/make.conf and add the following lines:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51624 +#: book.translate.xml:51741 #, no-wrap msgid "" "SENDMAIL_CFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include/sasl -DSASL\n" @@ -74379,7 +75244,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51628 +#: book.translate.xml:51745 msgid "" "These lines provide Sendmail the proper " "configuration options for linking to cyrus-sasl2 at " @@ -74388,7 +75253,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51637 +#: book.translate.xml:51754 msgid "" "Recompile Sendmail by executing the following " "commands:" @@ -74395,7 +75260,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51640 +#: book.translate.xml:51757 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src/lib/libsmutil\n" @@ -74407,7 +75272,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51647 +#: book.translate.xml:51764 msgid "" "This compile should not have any problems if /usr/src " "has not changed extensively and the shared libraries it needs are available." @@ -74414,7 +75279,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51653 +#: book.translate.xml:51770 msgid "" "After Sendmail has been compiled and reinstalled, " "edit /etc/mail/freebsd.mc or the local .mcSendmail for authenticating users. To use a " @@ -74443,7 +75308,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51673 +#: book.translate.xml:51790 msgid "" "Finally, run make1 while in /etc/mail. That will " @@ -74456,7 +75321,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51687 +#: book.translate.xml:51804 msgid "" "To test the configuration, use a MUA to send a test " "message. For further investigation, set the of " @@ -74465,7 +75330,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51693 +#: book.translate.xml:51810 msgid "" "For more information, refer to SMTP authentication." @@ -74472,12 +75337,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:51699 +#: book.translate.xml:51816 msgid "Mail User Agents" msgstr "郵件使用者代理程式" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:51702 book.translate.xml:52059 book.translate.xml:52159 +#: book.translate.xml:51819 book.translate.xml:52176 book.translate.xml:52276 msgid "" " Marc Silver Contributed by " @@ -74484,12 +75349,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:51712 +#: book.translate.xml:51829 msgid "Mail User Agents" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51716 +#: book.translate.xml:51833 msgid "" "A MUA is an application that is used to send and receive " "email. As email evolves and becomes more complex, " @@ -74503,12 +75368,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:51729 +#: book.translate.xml:51846 msgid "mail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51731 +#: book.translate.xml:51848 msgid "" "mail1 is the default MUA installed with FreeBSD. " @@ -74518,7 +75383,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51738 +#: book.translate.xml:51855 msgid "" "Although mail does not natively support interaction with " "POP or IMAP servers, these mailboxes " @@ -74527,18 +75392,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51745 +#: book.translate.xml:51862 msgid "In order to send and receive email, run mail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51748 +#: book.translate.xml:51865 #, no-wrap msgid "% mail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51750 +#: book.translate.xml:51867 msgid "" "The contents of the user's mailbox in /var/mail are " "automatically read by mail. Should the mailbox be empty, " @@ -74549,7 +75414,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51759 +#: book.translate.xml:51876 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Mail version 8.1 6/6/93. Type ? for help.\n" @@ -74560,7 +75425,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51765 +#: book.translate.xml:51882 msgid "" "Messages can now be read by typing t followed by the " "message number. This example reads the first email:" @@ -74567,7 +75432,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51769 +#: book.translate.xml:51886 #, no-wrap msgid "" "& t 1\n" @@ -74584,7 +75449,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51781 +#: book.translate.xml:51898 msgid "" "As seen in this example, the message will be displayed with full headers. To " "display the list of messages again, press h." @@ -74591,7 +75456,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51785 +#: book.translate.xml:51902 msgid "" "If the email requires a reply, press either R or r mail keys. R instructs " @@ -74603,7 +75468,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51796 +#: book.translate.xml:51913 #, no-wrap msgid "" "& R 1\n" @@ -74616,7 +75481,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51804 +#: book.translate.xml:51921 msgid "" "In order to send a new email, press m, followed by the " "recipient email address. Multiple recipients may be specified by separating " @@ -74627,7 +75492,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51812 +#: book.translate.xml:51929 #, no-wrap msgid "" "& mail root@localhost\n" @@ -74639,7 +75504,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51819 +#: book.translate.xml:51936 msgid "" "While using mail, press ? to display " "help at any time. Refer to mailmail1 was not designed to handle attachments and thus deals with " @@ -74658,12 +75523,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:51835 +#: book.translate.xml:51952 msgid "mutt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51837 +#: book.translate.xml:51954 msgid "" "mutt is a powerful MUA, with " "many features, including:" @@ -74670,32 +75535,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51842 +#: book.translate.xml:51959 msgid "The ability to thread messages." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51846 +#: book.translate.xml:51963 msgid "PGP support for digital signing and encryption of email." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51851 +#: book.translate.xml:51968 msgid "MIME support." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51855 +#: book.translate.xml:51972 msgid "Maildir support." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51859 +#: book.translate.xml:51976 msgid "Highly customizable." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51863 +#: book.translate.xml:51980 msgid "" "Refer to http://www.mutt.org " "for more information on mutt." @@ -74702,7 +75567,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51867 +#: book.translate.xml:51984 msgid "" "mutt may be installed using the mail/" "mutt port. After the port has been installed, mutt% mutt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51874 +#: book.translate.xml:51991 msgid "" "mutt will automatically read and display the " "contents of the user mailbox in /var/mail. If no mails " @@ -74730,13 +75595,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:51884 +#: book.translate.xml:52001 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/mutt1' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51888 +#: book.translate.xml:52005 msgid "" "To read an email, select it using the cursor keys and press Enter. An example of mutt displaying email can " @@ -74748,13 +75613,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:51895 +#: book.translate.xml:52012 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/mutt2' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51899 +#: book.translate.xml:52016 msgid "" "Similar to mail1, mutt can be used to " @@ -74765,7 +75630,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:51907 +#: book.translate.xml:52024 msgid "" "By default, mutt uses the " "vi1m. After a valid " "subject has been given, mutt will start " @@ -74795,13 +75660,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:51930 +#: book.translate.xml:52047 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/mutt3' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51934 +#: book.translate.xml:52051 msgid "" "mutt contains extensive help which can be " "accessed from most of the menus by pressing ?. The top line " @@ -74809,12 +75674,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:51942 +#: book.translate.xml:52059 msgid "alpine" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51944 +#: book.translate.xml:52061 msgid "" "alpine is aimed at a beginner user, but also " "includes some advanced features." @@ -74821,7 +75686,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:51948 +#: book.translate.xml:52065 msgid "" "alpine has had several remote vulnerabilities " "discovered in the past, which allowed remote attackers to execute arbitrary " @@ -74834,7 +75699,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51960 +#: book.translate.xml:52077 msgid "" "The current version of alpine may be installed " "using the mail/alpine port. Once the port has installed, " @@ -74843,13 +75708,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51966 +#: book.translate.xml:52083 #, no-wrap msgid "% alpine" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51968 +#: book.translate.xml:52085 msgid "" "The first time alpine runs, it displays a " "greeting page with a brief introduction, as well as a request from the " @@ -74865,13 +75730,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:51981 +#: book.translate.xml:52098 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/pine1' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51985 +#: book.translate.xml:52102 msgid "" "The main menu is then presented, which can be navigated using the cursor " "keys. This main menu provides shortcuts for the composing new mails, " @@ -74881,7 +75746,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51992 +#: book.translate.xml:52109 msgid "" "The default directory opened by alpine is " "inbox. To view the message index, press Ialpine. Contextual keyboard shortcuts are " @@ -74932,13 +75797,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:52025 +#: book.translate.xml:52142 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/pine4' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52029 +#: book.translate.xml:52146 msgid "" "Replying to an email in alpine is done using the " "pico editor, which is installed by default with " @@ -74957,13 +75822,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:52042 +#: book.translate.xml:52159 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/pine5' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52046 +#: book.translate.xml:52163 msgid "" "alpine can be customized using the " "SETUP option from the main menu. Consult fetchmail" msgstr "使用 fetchmail" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:52069 +#: book.translate.xml:52186 msgid "fetchmail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52073 +#: book.translate.xml:52190 msgid "" "fetchmail is a full-featured IMAP and POP client. It allows users to automatically " @@ -74994,7 +75859,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52084 +#: book.translate.xml:52201 msgid "" "Support for the POP3, APOP, " "KPOP, IMAP, ETRN " @@ -75002,7 +75867,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52091 +#: book.translate.xml:52208 msgid "" "Ability to forward mail using SMTP, which allows " "filtering, forwarding, and aliasing to function normally." @@ -75009,12 +75874,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52097 +#: book.translate.xml:52214 msgid "May be run in daemon mode to check periodically for new messages." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52102 +#: book.translate.xml:52219 msgid "" "Can retrieve multiple mailboxes and forward them, based on configuration, to " "different local users." @@ -75021,7 +75886,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52107 +#: book.translate.xml:52224 msgid "" "This section explains some of the basic features of fetchmail. This utility requires a .fetchmailrc " @@ -75032,13 +75897,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:52116 +#: book.translate.xml:52233 #, no-wrap msgid "% chmod 600 .fetchmailrc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52118 +#: book.translate.xml:52235 msgid "" "The following .fetchmailrc serves as an example for " "downloading a single user mailbox using POP. It tells " @@ -75050,13 +75915,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52128 +#: book.translate.xml:52245 #, no-wrap msgid "poll example.com protocol pop3 username \"joesoap\" password \"XXX\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52130 +#: book.translate.xml:52247 msgid "" "The next example connects to multiple POP and " "IMAP servers and redirects to different local usernames " @@ -75064,7 +75929,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52134 +#: book.translate.xml:52251 #, no-wrap msgid "" "poll example.com proto pop3:\n" @@ -75075,7 +75940,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52140 +#: book.translate.xml:52257 msgid "" "fetchmail can be run in daemon mode by running it " "with , followed by the interval (in seconds) that " @@ -75085,13 +75950,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:52148 +#: book.translate.xml:52265 #, no-wrap msgid "% fetchmail -d 600" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52150 +#: book.translate.xml:52267 msgid "" "More information on fetchmail can be found at " "http://www.fetchmail.info/procmail" msgstr "使用 procmail" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:52169 +#: book.translate.xml:52286 msgid "procmail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52173 +#: book.translate.xml:52290 msgid "" "procmail is a powerful application used to filter " "incoming mail. It allows users to define rules which can be " @@ -75124,13 +75989,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52187 +#: book.translate.xml:52304 #, no-wrap msgid "\"|exec /usr/local/bin/procmail || exit 75\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52189 +#: book.translate.xml:52306 msgid "" "The following section displays some basic procmail rules, as well as brief descriptions of what they do. Rules " @@ -75139,7 +76004,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52195 +#: book.translate.xml:52312 msgid "" "The majority of these rules can be found in procmailex5user@example.com to an external " "address of goodmail@example2.com:" @@ -75154,7 +76019,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52201 +#: book.translate.xml:52318 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -75163,7 +76028,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52205 +#: book.translate.xml:52322 msgid "" "To forward all mails shorter than 1000 bytes to an external address of " "goodmail@example2.com:" @@ -75170,7 +76035,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52208 +#: book.translate.xml:52325 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -75179,7 +76044,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52212 +#: book.translate.xml:52329 msgid "" "To send all mail sent to alternate@example.com to a mailbox " "called alternate:" @@ -75186,7 +76051,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52216 +#: book.translate.xml:52333 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -75195,7 +76060,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52220 +#: book.translate.xml:52337 msgid "" "To send all mail with a subject of Spam to /dev/" "null:" @@ -75202,7 +76067,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52223 +#: book.translate.xml:52340 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -75211,7 +76076,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52227 +#: book.translate.xml:52344 msgid "" "A useful recipe that parses incoming FreeBSD.org mailing lists and places each list in its own " @@ -75219,7 +76084,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52230 +#: book.translate.xml:52347 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -75233,12 +76098,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:52260 +#: book.translate.xml:52377 msgid "Network Servers" msgstr "網路伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52265 +#: book.translate.xml:52382 msgid "" "This chapter covers some of the more frequently used network services on " "UNIX systems. This includes " @@ -75251,22 +76116,22 @@ "定檔以供參考。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52271 +#: book.translate.xml:52388 msgid "By the end of this chapter, readers will know:" msgstr "讀完本章，您將了解：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52275 +#: book.translate.xml:52392 msgid "How to manage the inetd daemon." msgstr "如何管理 inetd Daemon。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52280 +#: book.translate.xml:52397 msgid "How to set up the Network File System (NFS)." msgstr "如何設定網路檔案系統 (Network File System, NFS)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52285 +#: book.translate.xml:52402 msgid "" "How to set up the Network Information Server (NIS) for " "centralizing and sharing user accounts." @@ -75275,23 +76140,23 @@ "來集中管理及共用使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52291 +#: book.translate.xml:52408 msgid "" "How to set FreeBSD up to act as an LDAP server or client" msgstr "如何設定 FreeBSD 成為 LDAP 伺服器或客戶端。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52296 +#: book.translate.xml:52413 msgid "How to set up automatic network settings using DHCP." msgstr "如何設定使用 DHCP 自動網路設定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52301 +#: book.translate.xml:52418 msgid "How to set up a Domain Name Server (DNS)." msgstr "如何設定網域名稱伺服器 (Domain Name Server, DNS)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52306 +#: book.translate.xml:52423 msgid "" "How to set up the Apache HTTP " "Server." @@ -75299,7 +76164,7 @@ "如何設定 Apache HTTP 伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52311 +#: book.translate.xml:52428 msgid "How to set up a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server." msgstr "" "如何設定檔案傳輸協定 (File Transfer Protocol, FTP) 伺服" @@ -75306,7 +76171,7 @@ "器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52316 +#: book.translate.xml:52433 msgid "" "How to set up a file and print server for Windows clients using Samba." @@ -75315,7 +76180,7 @@ "class=\"registered\">Windows 客戶端使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52321 +#: book.translate.xml:52438 msgid "" "How to synchronize the time and date, and set up a time server using the " "Network Time Protocol (NTP)." @@ -75324,38 +76189,38 @@ "acronym>) 設定時間伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52327 +#: book.translate.xml:52444 msgid "How to set up iSCSI." msgstr "如何設定 iSCSI。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52331 +#: book.translate.xml:52448 msgid "This chapter assumes a basic knowledge of:" msgstr "本章假設您有以下基礎知識：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52335 +#: book.translate.xml:52452 msgid "/etc/rc scripts." msgstr "/etc/rc Script。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52339 +#: book.translate.xml:52456 msgid "Network terminology." msgstr "網路術語。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52343 +#: book.translate.xml:52460 msgid "" "Installation of additional third-party software ()." msgstr "安裝其他第三方軟體 ()。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:52350 +#: book.translate.xml:52467 msgid "The inetd Super-Server" msgstr "inetd 超級伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52371 +#: book.translate.xml:52488 msgid "" "The inetd8 daemon is sometimes referred to as a Super-Server " @@ -75370,7 +76235,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52383 +#: book.translate.xml:52500 msgid "" "Primarily, inetd is used to spawn other daemons, " "but several trivial protocols are handled internally, such as " @@ -75380,7 +76245,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52392 +#: book.translate.xml:52509 msgid "" "This section covers the basics of configuring inetd." @@ -75387,12 +76252,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:52396 +#: book.translate.xml:52513 msgid "Configuration File" msgstr "設定檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52398 +#: book.translate.xml:52515 msgid "" "Configuration of inetd is done by editing " "/etc/inetd.conf. Each line of this configuration file " @@ -75405,7 +76270,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52410 +#: book.translate.xml:52527 msgid "" "After saving your edits, configure inetd to start " "at system boot by editing /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -75413,13 +76278,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52414 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:52531 book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "inetd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52416 +#: book.translate.xml:52533 msgid "" "To start inetd now, so that it listens for the " "service you configured, type:" @@ -75427,13 +76292,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:52419 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:52536 book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "# service inetd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52421 +#: book.translate.xml:52538 msgid "" "Once inetd is started, it needs to be notified " "whenever a modification is made to /etc/inetd.conf:" @@ -75440,18 +76305,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:52426 +#: book.translate.xml:52543 msgid "Reloading the inetd Configuration File" msgstr "重新庫入 inetd 設定檔" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:52429 +#: book.translate.xml:52546 #, no-wrap msgid "# service inetd reload" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52432 +#: book.translate.xml:52549 msgid "" "Typically, the default entry for an application does not need to be edited " "beyond removing the #. In some situations, it may be " @@ -75459,7 +76324,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52437 +#: book.translate.xml:52554 msgid "" "As an example, this is the default entry for " "ftpd8/etc/services. This determines which port " @@ -75511,12 +76376,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:52470 +#: book.translate.xml:52587 msgid "socket-type" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52473 +#: book.translate.xml:52590 msgid "" "Either stream, dgram, raw, or seqpacket. Use stream for " @@ -75525,87 +76390,87 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:52483 +#: book.translate.xml:52600 msgid "protocol" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52486 +#: book.translate.xml:52603 msgid "Use one of the following protocol names:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52492 +#: book.translate.xml:52609 msgid "Protocol Name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52493 +#: book.translate.xml:52610 msgid "Explanation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52499 +#: book.translate.xml:52616 msgid "tcp or tcp4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52500 +#: book.translate.xml:52617 msgid "TCP IPv4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52504 +#: book.translate.xml:52621 msgid "udp or udp4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52505 +#: book.translate.xml:52622 msgid "UDP IPv4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52509 +#: book.translate.xml:52626 msgid "tcp6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52510 +#: book.translate.xml:52627 msgid "TCP IPv6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52514 +#: book.translate.xml:52631 msgid "udp6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52515 +#: book.translate.xml:52632 msgid "UDP IPv6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52519 +#: book.translate.xml:52636 msgid "tcp46" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52520 +#: book.translate.xml:52637 msgid "Both TCP IPv4 and IPv6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52524 +#: book.translate.xml:52641 msgid "udp46" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52525 +#: book.translate.xml:52642 msgid "Both UDP IPv4 and IPv6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:52535 +#: book.translate.xml:52652 msgid "" "{wait|nowait}[/max-child[/max-connections-per-ip-per-minute[/max-child-per-" "ip]]]" @@ -75612,7 +76477,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52538 +#: book.translate.xml:52655 msgid "" "In this field, or must be " "specified. , indicates whether or not the service is able to " "handle its own socket. socket types must use " @@ -75631,7 +76496,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52554 +#: book.translate.xml:52671 msgid "" "The maximum number of child daemons inetd may " "spawn is set by . For example, to limit ten " @@ -75641,7 +76506,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52562 +#: book.translate.xml:52679 msgid "" " limits the number of " "connections from any particular IP address per minute. " @@ -75655,7 +76520,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52576 +#: book.translate.xml:52693 msgid "" "An example can be seen in the default settings for " "fingerd8root, daemoninetd internally, use ." @@ -75694,12 +76559,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:52606 +#: book.translate.xml:52723 msgid "server-program-arguments" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52609 +#: book.translate.xml:52726 msgid "" "Used to specify any command arguments to be passed to the daemon on " "invocation. If the daemon is an internal service, use . Then, add two entries pointing to the certificate authority. When " "finished, the entries should look similar to the following:" msgstr "" +"在編輯這個檔案的時候，取消註解以下項目然後設定這些項目使用實際要使用的數值：" +", , 以 " +"。設定 要包含 及 。然後加入兩個項目指向憑証機構。完成之" +"後，所有的設定項目會如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:54645 +#: book.translate.xml:54762 #, no-wrap msgid "" "BASE dc=example,dc=com\n" @@ -78557,18 +79476,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54654 +#: book.translate.xml:54771 msgid "The default password for the server should then be changed:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "給伺服器用的預設密碼應該要更換：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:54657 +#: book.translate.xml:54774 #, no-wrap msgid "# slappasswd -h \"{SHA}\" >> /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54659 +#: book.translate.xml:54776 msgid "" "This command will prompt for the password and, if the process does not fail, " "a password hash will be added to the end of slapd.conf. " @@ -78575,16 +79494,20 @@ "Several hashing formats are supported. Refer to the manual page for " "slappasswd for more information." msgstr "" +"這個指令會提示輸入密碼，若程序沒有失敗，便會將編碼過的密碼加到 " +"slapd.conf 的最後。支援的編碼格式有許多種，請參考 " +"slappasswd 的操作手冊以取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54665 +#: book.translate.xml:54782 msgid "" "Next, edit /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.conf and add " "the following lines:" msgstr "" +"接著編輯 /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.conf 並加入下行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:54669 +#: book.translate.xml:54786 #, no-wrap msgid "" "password-hash {sha}\n" @@ -78592,7 +79515,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54672 +#: book.translate.xml:54789 msgid "" "The in this file must be updated to match the " " used in /usr/local/etc/openldap/ldap.confslappasswd and delete the old " ". The end result should look similar to this:" msgstr "" +"在這個設定檔的 必須更新為與在 /usr/local/" +"etc/openldap/ldap.conf 及 使用的 " +" 相同。 建議的值為 " +"。在儲存這個檔案之前，將 " +"放到由 slappasswd 產生的密碼之前，然後刪除原有的 " +"。最後的結果應該如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:54683 +#: book.translate.xml:54800 #, no-wrap msgid "" "TLSCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:+SSLv3\n" @@ -78615,14 +79544,16 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54689 +#: book.translate.xml:54806 msgid "" "Finally, enable the OpenLDAP service in " "/etc/rc.conf and set the URI:" msgstr "" +"最後，在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟 OpenLDAP 服務並設定 URI：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:54693 +#: book.translate.xml:54810 #, no-wrap msgid "" "slapd_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -78630,25 +79561,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54696 +#: book.translate.xml:54813 msgid "At this point the server can be started and tested:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "此時便可啟動並測試伺服器：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:54698 +#: book.translate.xml:54815 #, no-wrap msgid "# service slapd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54700 +#: book.translate.xml:54817 msgid "" "If everything is configured correctly, a search of the directory should show " "a successful connection with a single response as in this example:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "若所有的設定均正確，搜尋目錄應會如此範例顯示成功連線並有一筆回應：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:54704 +#: book.translate.xml:54821 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ldapsearch -Z\n" @@ -78668,14 +79599,16 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:54720 +#: book.translate.xml:54837 msgid "" "If the command fails and the configuration looks correct, stop the " "slapd service and restart it with debugging options:" msgstr "" +"若指令失敗且設定看起來沒有問題，可先停止 slapd 服務並開啟" +"除錯選項並重新啟動：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:54724 +#: book.translate.xml:54841 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service slapd stop\n" @@ -78683,15 +79616,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54728 +#: book.translate.xml:54845 msgid "" "Once the service is responding, the directory can be populated using " "ldapadd. In this example, a file containing this list of " "users is first created. Each user should use the following format:" msgstr "" +"服務有回應之後，便可使用 ldapadd 匯入資料到目錄。在此例" +"中，會先建立一個含有使用者清單的檔案，每位使用者應使用以下格式定義：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:54733 +#: book.translate.xml:54850 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dn: dc=example,dc=com\n" @@ -78706,15 +79641,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54743 +#: book.translate.xml:54860 msgid "" "To import this file, specify the file name. The following command will " "prompt for the password specified earlier and the output should look " "something like this:" msgstr "" +"要匯入這個檔案，可指定檔案名稱。以下指令會提示輸入先前設定過的密碼然後輸入如" +"下的結果：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:54747 +#: book.translate.xml:54864 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ldapadd -Z -D \"cn=Manager,dc=example,dc=com\" -W -f import.ldif\n" @@ -78725,14 +79662,15 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54753 +#: book.translate.xml:54870 msgid "" "Verify the data was added by issuing a search on the server using " "ldapsearch:" msgstr "" +"使用 ldapsearch 發出一個查詢到伺服器來確認資料已新增：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:54756 +#: book.translate.xml:54873 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ldapsearch -Z\n" @@ -78765,18 +79703,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54784 +#: book.translate.xml:54901 msgid "" "At this point, the server should be configured and functioning properly." -msgstr "" +msgstr "此時，伺服器應已設定完成並可正常運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:54801 +#: book.translate.xml:54918 msgid "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)" -msgstr "動態主機設定協定 (DHCP)" +msgstr "動態主機設置協定 (DHCP)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:54804 +#: book.translate.xml:54921 msgid "" "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP" @@ -78783,12 +79721,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:54808 +#: book.translate.xml:54925 msgid "Internet Systems Consortium (ISC)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:54812 +#: book.translate.xml:54929 msgid "" "The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) allows a " "system to connect to a network in order to be assigned the necessary " @@ -78801,17 +79739,27 @@ "2131. Informational resources are also available at isc.org/downloads/dhcp/." msgstr "" +"動態主機設置協定 (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, DHCP) 可分配必要的位置資訊給一個連線到網路的系統以在該網路通訊。FreeBSD " +"內含 OpenBSD 版本的 dhclient，可用來做為客戶端來取得位置資" +"訊。FreeBSD 預設並不會安裝 DHCP 伺服器，但在 FreeBSD Port " +"套件集中有許多可用的伺服器。有關 DHCP 通訊協定的完整說明位" +"於 RFC 2131，相關資源也可至 isc.org/downloads/dhcp/ 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:54824 +#: book.translate.xml:54941 msgid "" "This section describes how to use the built-in DHCP " "client. It then describes how to install and configure a DHCP server." msgstr "" +"本節將介紹如何使用內建的 DHCP 客戶端，接著會介紹如何安裝並" +"設定一個 DHCP 伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:54829 +#: book.translate.xml:54946 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, the bpf4 device is needed by " @@ -78820,21 +79768,28 @@ "installed with FreeBSD. Users who prefer to create a custom kernel need to " "keep this device if DHCP is used." msgstr "" +"在 FreeBSD 中，bpf4 裝置同時會被 DHCP 伺服器與 " +"DHCP 客戶端所使用。這個裝置會在 GENERIC 核心中被引用並隨著 FreeBSD 安裝。想要建立自訂核心的使用者若要使用 " +"DHCP 則須保留這個裝置。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:54836 +#: book.translate.xml:54953 msgid "" "It should be noted that bpf also allows privileged " "users to run network packet sniffers on that system." msgstr "" +"另外要注意 bpf 也會讓有權限的使用者在該系統上可執行網路" +"封包監聽程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:54842 +#: book.translate.xml:54959 msgid "Configuring a DHCP Client" msgstr "設定 DHCP 客戶端" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54844 +#: book.translate.xml:54961 msgid "" "DHCP client support is included in the FreeBSD installer, " "making it easy to configure a newly installed system to automatically " @@ -78842,14 +79797,17 @@ "DHCP server. Refer to " "for examples of network configuration." msgstr "" +"DHCP 客戶端內含在 FreeBSD 安裝程式當中，這讓在新安裝的系統" +"上設定自動從 DHCP 伺服器接收網路位置資訊變的更簡單。請參" +"考 取得網路設置的範例。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:54851 +#: book.translate.xml:54968 msgid "UDP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54852 +#: book.translate.xml:54969 msgid "" "When dhclient is executed on the client machine, it " "begins broadcasting requests for configuration information. By default, " @@ -78865,9 +79823,15 @@ "dhcp-options5." msgstr "" +"當 dhclient 在客戶端機器上執行時，它便會開始廣播請求取得設" +"置資訊。預設這些請求會使用 UDP 埠號 68。而伺服器則會在 " +"UDP 埠號 67 來回覆，將 IP 位址與其他相" +"關的網路資訊，如：子網路遮罩、預設閘道及 DNS 伺服器位址告" +"訴客戶端，詳細的清單可在 dhcp-options5 找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54868 +#: book.translate.xml:54985 msgid "" "By default, when a FreeBSD system boots, its DHCP client " "runs in the background, or asynchronously. Other " @@ -78874,9 +79838,12 @@ "startup scripts continue to run while the DHCP process " "completes, which speeds up system startup." msgstr "" +"預設當 FreeBSD 系統開機時，其 DHCP 客戶端會在背景執行或稱" +"非同步 (Asynchronously) 執行，在完成 DHCP 程序的同時其他啟動 Script 會繼續執行，來加速系統啟動。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54874 +#: book.translate.xml:54991 msgid "" "Background DHCP works well when the DHCP server responds quickly to the client's requests. However, " @@ -78887,22 +79854,29 @@ "it pauses startup until the DHCP configuration has " "completed." msgstr "" +"背景 DHCP 在 DHCP 伺服器可以快速的回應" +"客戶端請求時可運作的很好。然而 DHCP 在某些系統可能需要較長" +"的時間才能完成，若網路服務嘗試在 DHCP 尚未分配網路位置資訊" +"前執行則會失敗。使用同步 (Synchronous) 模式執行 " +"DHCP 可避免這個問題，因為同步模式會暫停啟動直到 " +"DHCP 已設置完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54884 +#: book.translate.xml:55001 msgid "" "This line in /etc/rc.conf is used to configure " "background or asynchronous mode:" msgstr "" +"在 /etc/rc.conf 中的這行用來設定採用背景 (非同步模式)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:54887 +#: book.translate.xml:55004 #, no-wrap msgid "ifconfig_fxp0=\"DHCP\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54889 +#: book.translate.xml:55006 msgid "" "This line may already exist if the system was configured to use " "DHCP during installation. Replace the fxp0." msgstr "" +"若系統已經在安裝時設定使用 DHCP，這行可能會已存在。替換在" +"例子中的 fxp0 為實際要動態設置的網路介面名稱，如 " +" 中的說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54895 +#: book.translate.xml:55012 msgid "" "To instead configure the system to use synchronous mode, and to pause during " "startup while DHCP completes, use " "SYNCDHCP:" msgstr "" +"要改設定系統採用同步模式，會在啟動時暫停動後 DHCP 完成，使" +"用 SYNCDHCP：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:54900 +#: book.translate.xml:55017 #, no-wrap msgid "ifconfig_fxp0=\"SYNCDHCP\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54902 +#: book.translate.xml:55019 msgid "" "Additional client options are available. Search for dhclient in rc.conf5 for details." msgstr "" +"尚有其他可用的客戶端選項，請在 rc.conf5 搜尋 " +"dhclient 來取得詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:54906 book.translate.xml:55110 +#: book.translate.xml:55023 book.translate.xml:55227 msgid "" "DHCP configuration files" @@ -78941,17 +79923,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54911 +#: book.translate.xml:55028 msgid "The DHCP client uses the following files:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "DHCP 客戶端會使用到以下檔案：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54916 +#: book.translate.xml:55033 msgid "/etc/dhclient.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54918 +#: book.translate.xml:55035 msgid "" "The configuration file used by dhclient. Typically, this " "file contains only comments as the defaults are suitable for most clients. " @@ -78959,27 +79941,32 @@ "dhclient.conf5." msgstr "" +"dhclient 用到的設定檔。通常這個檔案只會有註解，因為預設便" +"適用大多數客戶端。這個設定檔在 dhclient.conf5 中有說明。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54926 +#: book.translate.xml:55043 msgid "/sbin/dhclient" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54928 +#: book.translate.xml:55045 msgid "" "More information about the command itself can be found in " "dhclient8." msgstr "" +"有關指令本身的更多資訊可於 dhclient8 找到。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54933 +#: book.translate.xml:55050 msgid "/sbin/dhclient-script" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54935 +#: book.translate.xml:55052 msgid "" "The FreeBSD-specific DHCP client configuration script. It " "is described in dhclient-script8, but should not need " "any user modification to function properly." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 特定的 DHCP 客戶端設定 Script。在 " +"dhclient-script8 中有說明，但應不須做任何修改便可正常運作。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54943 +#: book.translate.xml:55060 msgid "" "/var/db/dhclient.leases.interface" @@ -78995,7 +79985,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54945 +#: book.translate.xml:55062 msgid "" "The DHCP client keeps a database of valid leases in this " "file, which is written as a log and is described in " @@ -79002,14 +79992,17 @@ "dhclient.leases5." msgstr "" +"DHCP 客戶端會在這個檔案中儲存有效租約的資料，寫入的格式類" +"似日誌，在 dhclient.leases5 有說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:54953 +#: book.translate.xml:55070 msgid "Installing and Configuring a DHCP Server" msgstr "安裝並設定 DHCP 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54956 +#: book.translate.xml:55073 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to configure a FreeBSD system to act as a " "DHCP server using the Internet Systems Consortium " @@ -79017,15 +80010,19 @@ "server. This implementation and its documentation can be installed using the " "net/isc-dhcp43-server package or port." msgstr "" +"本節將示範如何設定 FreeBSD 系統成為 DHCP 伺服器，使用 " +"Internet Systems Consortium (ISC) 所實作的 DHCP 伺服器，這個伺服器及其文件可使用 net/isc-dhcp43-server 套件或 Port 安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:54964 +#: book.translate.xml:55081 msgid "" "DHCP server" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:54969 +#: book.translate.xml:55086 msgid "" "DHCP installation" @@ -79032,7 +80029,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54974 +#: book.translate.xml:55091 msgid "" "The installation of net/isc-dhcp43-server installs a " "sample configuration file. Copy /usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf.example to /usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf and make any " "edits to this new file." msgstr "" +"net/isc-dhcp43-server 的安裝程式會安裝一份範例設定檔，複" +"製 /usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf.example 到 /usr/" +"local/etc/dhcpd.conf 並在這個新檔案做編輯。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:54981 +#: book.translate.xml:55098 msgid "" "DHCP dhcpd.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54985 +#: book.translate.xml:55102 msgid "" "The configuration file is comprised of declarations for subnets and hosts " "which define the information that is provided to DHCP " "clients. For example, these lines configure the following:" msgstr "" +"這個設定檔內容包括了子網路及主機的宣告，用來定義要提供給 DHCP 客戶端的資訊。如以下行設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:54990 +#: book.translate.xml:55107 #, no-wrap msgid "" "option domain-name \"example.org\";\n" @@ -79078,15 +80080,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:55010 +#: book.translate.xml:55127 msgid "" "This option specifies the default search domain that will be provided to " "clients. Refer to resolv.conf5 for more information." msgstr "" +"這個選項指定了要提供給客戶端的預設搜尋網域。請參考 " +"resolv.conf5 取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:55016 +#: book.translate.xml:55133 msgid "" "This option specifies a comma separated list of DNS " "servers that the client should use. They can be listed by their Fully " @@ -79093,29 +80098,34 @@ "Qualified Domain Names (FQDN), as seen in the example, or " "by their IP addresses." msgstr "" +"這個選項指定了客戶端應使用的 DNS 伺服器清單 (以逗號分隔)。" +"如範例中所示，可使用伺服器的完整網域名稱 (Fully Qualified Domain Names, " +"FQDN) 或伺服器的 IP 位址。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:55024 +#: book.translate.xml:55141 msgid "The subnet mask that will be provided to clients." -msgstr "" +msgstr "要提供給客戶端的子網路遮罩。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:55029 +#: book.translate.xml:55146 msgid "" "The default lease expiry time in seconds. A client can be configured to " "override this value." -msgstr "" +msgstr "預設租約到期時間 (秒)。客戶端可以自行設定覆蓋這個數值。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:55034 +#: book.translate.xml:55151 msgid "" "The maximum allowed length of time, in seconds, for a lease. Should a client " "request a longer lease, a lease will still be issued, but it will only be " "valid for max-lease-time." msgstr "" +"一個租約最多允許的時間長度 (秒)。若客戶端請求更長的租約，仍會發出租約，但最多" +"只會在 max-lease-time 內有效。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:55041 +#: book.translate.xml:55158 msgid "" "The default of disables dynamic DNS updates. Changing " "this to configures the DHCP " @@ -79125,9 +80135,14 @@ "not change the default setting unless the DNS server has " "been configured to support dynamic DNS." msgstr "" +"預設的 會關閉動態 DNS 更新。更改此值為 " +" 可讓 DHCP 伺服器每當發出一個租約" +"便通知 DNS 伺服器更新，如此一來 DNS 伺" +"服器便知道網路中該電腦的 IP 位址。不要更改此預設值，除非 " +"DNS 伺服器已設定為支援動態 DNS。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:55054 +#: book.translate.xml:55171 msgid "" "This line creates a pool of available IP addresses which " "are reserved for allocation to DHCP clients. The range of " @@ -79134,24 +80149,31 @@ "addresses must be valid for the network or subnet specified in the previous " "line." msgstr "" +"此行會建立一個可用 IP 位址的儲存池來保留這些要分配給 " +"DHCP 客戶端的位址。位址範圍必須在前一行所指定的網路或子網" +"路中有效。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:55062 +#: book.translate.xml:55179 msgid "" "Declares the default gateway that is valid for the network or subnet " "specified before the opening { bracket." msgstr "" +"宣告在開始的 { 括號之前所指定的網路或子網路中有效的預設通" +"訊閘。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:55068 +#: book.translate.xml:55185 msgid "" "Specifies the hardware MAC address of a client so that " "the DHCP server can recognize the client when it makes a " "request." msgstr "" +"指定客戶端的硬體 MAC 位址，好讓 DHCP 伺" +"服器在客戶端發出請求時可以辨識客戶端。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:55074 +#: book.translate.xml:55191 msgid "" "Specifies that this host should always be given the same IP address. Using the hostname is correct, since the DHCP server will resolve the hostname before returning the lease " "information." msgstr "" +"指定這個主機應分配相同的 IP 位址。在此處用主機名稱是正確" +"的，由於 DHCP 伺服器會在回傳租約資訊前先解析主機名稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55082 +#: book.translate.xml:55199 msgid "" "This configuration file supports many more options. Refer to dhcpd.conf(5), " "installed with the server, for details and examples." msgstr "" +"此設定檔還支援其他選項，請參考隨伺服器一併安裝的 dhcpd.conf(5) 來取得詳細資" +"訊與範例。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55086 +#: book.translate.xml:55203 msgid "" "Once the configuration of dhcpd.conf is complete, " "enable the DHCP server in /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" +"完成 dhcpd.conf 的設定之後，在 /etc/rc.conf 啟動 DHCP 伺服器：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55090 +#: book.translate.xml:55207 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dhcpd_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -79183,26 +80211,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55093 +#: book.translate.xml:55210 msgid "" "Replace the dc0 with the interface (or interfaces, " "separated by whitespace) that the DHCP server should " "listen on for DHCP client requests." msgstr "" +"替換 dc0 為 DHCP 伺服器要傾聽 " +"DHCP 客戶端請求的網路介面 (多個介面可以空白分隔)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55098 +#: book.translate.xml:55215 msgid "Start the server by issuing the following command:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "執行以下指令來啟動伺服器：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:55100 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:55217 book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "# service isc-dhcpd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55102 +#: book.translate.xml:55219 msgid "" "Any future changes to the configuration of the server will require the " "dhcpd service to be stopped and then started " @@ -79209,33 +80239,39 @@ "using service8." msgstr "" +"往後任何對伺服器設定的變更會需要使用 service8 中止 " +"dhcpd 服務然後啟動。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55106 +#: book.translate.xml:55223 msgid "" "The DHCP server uses the following files. Note that the " "manual pages are installed with the server software." msgstr "" +"DHCP 伺服器會使用到以下檔案。注意，操作手冊會與伺服器軟體" +"一同安裝。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55116 +#: book.translate.xml:55233 msgid "/usr/local/sbin/dhcpd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55118 +#: book.translate.xml:55235 msgid "" "More information about the dhcpd server can be " "found in dhcpd(8)." msgstr "" +"更多有關 dhcpd 伺服器的資訊可在 dhcpd(8) 找到。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55124 +#: book.translate.xml:55241 msgid "/usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55126 +#: book.translate.xml:55243 msgid "" "The server configuration file needs to contain all the information that " "should be provided to clients, along with information regarding the " @@ -79242,27 +80278,31 @@ "operation of the server. This configuration file is described in dhcpd." "conf(5)." msgstr "" +"伺服器設定檔需要含有所有要提供給客戶端的資訊以及有關伺服器運作的資訊。在 " +"dhcpd.conf(5) 有此設定檔的說明。 " #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55133 +#: book.translate.xml:55250 msgid "/var/db/dhcpd.leases" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55135 +#: book.translate.xml:55252 msgid "" "The DHCP server keeps a database of leases it has issued " "in this file, which is written as a log. Refer to dhcpd.leases(5), which " "gives a slightly longer description." msgstr "" +"DHCP 伺服器會儲存一份已發出租約的資料於這個檔案，寫入的格" +"式類似日誌。參考 dhcpd.leases(5) 會有更完整的說明。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55142 +#: book.translate.xml:55259 msgid "/usr/local/sbin/dhcrelay" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55144 +#: book.translate.xml:55261 msgid "" "This daemon is used in advanced environments where one DHCP server forwards a request from a client to another DHCPnet/isc-dhcp43-relay package or port. The " "installation includes dhcrelay(8) which provides more detail." msgstr "" +"這個 Daemon 會用在更進階的環境中，在一個 DHCP 伺服器要轉發" +"來自客戶端的請求到另一個網路的另一個 DHCP 伺服器的環境。若" +"需要使用此功能，請安裝 net/isc-dhcp43-relay 套件或 Port，" +"安裝會包含 dhcrelay(8)，裡面有提供更詳細的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:55182 +#: book.translate.xml:55299 msgid "" "Domain Name System (DNS) is the protocol through which " "domain names are mapped to IP addresses, and vice versa. " @@ -79284,7 +80328,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:55194 +#: book.translate.xml:55311 msgid "" "In FreeBSD 10, the Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) " "has been removed from the base system and replaced with Unbound. Unbound as " @@ -79300,22 +80344,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:55205 +#: book.translate.xml:55322 msgid "resolver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:55206 +#: book.translate.xml:55323 msgid "reverse DNS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:55208 +#: book.translate.xml:55325 msgid "root zone" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:55210 +#: book.translate.xml:55327 msgid "" "The following table describes some of the terms associated with " "DNS:" @@ -79322,52 +80366,52 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:55214 +#: book.translate.xml:55331 msgid "DNS Terminology" msgstr "DNS 術語" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55223 +#: book.translate.xml:55340 msgid "Definition" msgstr "定義" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55229 +#: book.translate.xml:55346 msgid "Forward DNS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55230 +#: book.translate.xml:55347 msgid "Mapping of hostnames to IP addresses." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55235 +#: book.translate.xml:55352 msgid "Origin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55236 +#: book.translate.xml:55353 msgid "Refers to the domain covered in a particular zone file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55241 +#: book.translate.xml:55358 msgid "named, BIND" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55242 +#: book.translate.xml:55359 msgid "Common names for the BIND name server package within FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55247 +#: book.translate.xml:55364 msgid "Resolver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55248 +#: book.translate.xml:55365 msgid "" "A system process through which a machine queries a name server for zone " "information." @@ -79374,22 +80418,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55253 +#: book.translate.xml:55370 msgid "Reverse DNS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55254 +#: book.translate.xml:55371 msgid "Mapping of IP addresses to hostnames." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55259 +#: book.translate.xml:55376 msgid "Root zone" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55261 +#: book.translate.xml:55378 msgid "" "The beginning of the Internet zone hierarchy. All zones fall under the root " "zone, similar to how all files in a file system fall under the root " @@ -79397,12 +80441,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55267 +#: book.translate.xml:55384 msgid "Zone" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55268 +#: book.translate.xml:55385 msgid "" "An individual domain, subdomain, or portion of the DNS " "administered by the same authority." @@ -79409,17 +80453,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:55276 +#: book.translate.xml:55393 msgid "zones examples" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:55281 +#: book.translate.xml:55398 msgid "Examples of zones:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55285 +#: book.translate.xml:55402 msgid "" ". is how the root zone is usually referred to in " "documentation." @@ -79426,7 +80470,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55290 +#: book.translate.xml:55407 msgid "" "org. is a Top Level Domain (TLD) " "under the root zone." @@ -79433,7 +80477,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55295 +#: book.translate.xml:55412 msgid "" "example.org. is a zone under " "the org. TLD." @@ -79440,7 +80484,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55301 +#: book.translate.xml:55418 msgid "" "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa is a zone referencing all " "IP addresses which fall under the example.org. is " @@ -79459,12 +80503,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:55317 +#: book.translate.xml:55434 msgid "Reasons to Run a Name Server" msgstr "要執行名稱伺服器的原因" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55319 +#: book.translate.xml:55436 msgid "" "Name servers generally come in two forms: authoritative name servers, and " "caching (also known as resolving) name servers." @@ -79471,12 +80515,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55323 +#: book.translate.xml:55440 msgid "An authoritative name server is needed when:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55327 +#: book.translate.xml:55444 msgid "" "One wants to serve DNS information to the world, replying " "authoritatively to queries." @@ -79483,7 +80527,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55332 +#: book.translate.xml:55449 msgid "" "A domain, such as example.org, is registered and IP addresses need to be " @@ -79491,7 +80535,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55338 +#: book.translate.xml:55455 msgid "" "An IP address block requires reverse DNS entries (IP to hostname)." @@ -79498,17 +80542,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55344 +#: book.translate.xml:55461 msgid "A backup or second name server, called a slave, will reply to queries." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55349 +#: book.translate.xml:55466 msgid "A caching name server is needed when:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55353 +#: book.translate.xml:55470 msgid "" "A local DNS server may cache and respond more quickly " "than querying an outside name server." @@ -79515,7 +80559,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55359 +#: book.translate.xml:55476 msgid "" "When one queries for www.FreeBSD.org, the resolver usually queries the uplink ISPDNS Server Configuration in FreeBSD 10.0 and Later" msgstr "DNS 伺服器設定於 FreeBSD 10.0 及之後版本" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55373 +#: book.translate.xml:55490 msgid "" "In FreeBSD 10.0, BIND has been replaced with " "Unbound. Unbound is a " @@ -79541,7 +80585,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55379 +#: book.translate.xml:55496 msgid "" "Unbound is provided in the FreeBSD base system. " "By default, it will provide DNS resolution to the local " @@ -79552,7 +80596,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55388 +#: book.translate.xml:55505 msgid "" "To enable Unbound, add the following to " "/etc/rc.conf:" @@ -79559,13 +80603,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55391 +#: book.translate.xml:55508 #, no-wrap msgid "local_unbound_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55393 +#: book.translate.xml:55510 msgid "" "Any existing nameservers in /etc/resolv.conf will be " "configured as forwarders in the new Unbound " @@ -79573,7 +80617,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:55399 +#: book.translate.xml:55516 msgid "" "If any of the listed nameservers do not support DNSSEC, " "local DNS resolution will fail. Be sure to test each " @@ -79583,13 +80627,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:55407 +#: book.translate.xml:55524 #, no-wrap msgid "% drill -S FreeBSD.org @192.168.1.1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55409 +#: book.translate.xml:55526 msgid "" "Once each nameserver is confirmed to support DNSSEC, " "start Unbound:" @@ -79596,13 +80640,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:55413 +#: book.translate.xml:55530 #, no-wrap msgid "# service local_unbound onestart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55415 +#: book.translate.xml:55532 msgid "" "This will take care of updating /etc/resolv.conf so " "that queries for DNSSEC secured domains will now work. " @@ -79611,7 +80655,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:55421 +#: book.translate.xml:55538 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% drill -S FreeBSD.org\n" @@ -79636,17 +80680,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:55443 +#: book.translate.xml:55560 msgid "DNS Server Configuration in FreeBSD 9.X" msgstr "DNS 伺服器設定於 FreeBSD 9.X" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55446 +#: book.translate.xml:55563 msgid "In FreeBSD, the BIND daemon is called named." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55460 +#: book.translate.xml:55577 msgid "" "named8" @@ -79653,12 +80697,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55461 +#: book.translate.xml:55578 msgid "The BIND daemon." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55465 +#: book.translate.xml:55582 msgid "" "rndc8" @@ -79665,28 +80709,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55466 +#: book.translate.xml:55583 msgid "Name server control utility." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55471 +#: book.translate.xml:55588 msgid "Directory where BIND zone information resides." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:55476 book.translate.xml:55544 +#: book.translate.xml:55593 book.translate.xml:55661 msgid "/etc/namedb/named.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55477 +#: book.translate.xml:55594 msgid "Configuration file of the daemon." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55483 +#: book.translate.xml:55600 msgid "" "Depending on how a given zone is configured on the server, the files related " "to that zone can be found in the master, " @@ -79697,23 +80741,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:55494 +#: book.translate.xml:55611 msgid "Starting BIND" msgstr "啟動 BIND" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:55496 +#: book.translate.xml:55613 msgid "BIND starting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:55501 +#: book.translate.xml:55618 msgid "" "Since BIND is installed by default, configuring it is relatively simple." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:55504 +#: book.translate.xml:55621 msgid "" "The default named configuration is that of a " "basic resolving name server, running in a " @@ -79724,13 +80768,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:55511 +#: book.translate.xml:55628 #, no-wrap msgid "# service named onestart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:55513 +#: book.translate.xml:55630 msgid "" "To ensure the named daemon is started at boot " "each time, put the following line into the /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -79737,7 +80781,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:55519 +#: book.translate.xml:55636 msgid "" "There are many configuration options for /etc/namedb/named.conf that are beyond the scope of this document. Other startup options " @@ -79749,12 +80793,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:55532 +#: book.translate.xml:55649 msgid "BIND configuration files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:55537 +#: book.translate.xml:55654 msgid "" "Configuration files for named currently reside in " "/etc/namedb directory and will need modification before " @@ -79763,7 +80807,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55546 +#: book.translate.xml:55663 #, no-wrap msgid "" "// $FreeBSD$\n" @@ -79824,7 +80868,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55602 +#: book.translate.xml:55719 msgid "" "Just as the comment says, to benefit from an uplink's cache, " "forwarders can be enabled here. Under normal " @@ -79837,7 +80881,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:55614 +#: book.translate.xml:55731 msgid "" "127.0.0.1 will not work here. Change this IP address to a name " @@ -79845,7 +80889,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55620 +#: book.translate.xml:55737 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\t/*\n" @@ -80089,7 +81133,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55859 +#: book.translate.xml:55976 msgid "" "In named.conf, these are examples of slave entries for " "a forward and reverse zone." @@ -80096,7 +81140,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55862 +#: book.translate.xml:55979 msgid "" "For each new zone served, a new zone entry must be added to named." "conf." @@ -80103,7 +81147,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55865 +#: book.translate.xml:55982 msgid "" "For example, the simplest zone entry for example.org can look like:" @@ -80110,7 +81154,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55869 +#: book.translate.xml:55986 #, no-wrap msgid "" "zone \"example.org\" {\n" @@ -80120,7 +81164,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55874 +#: book.translate.xml:55991 msgid "" "The zone is a master, as indicated by the statement, " "holding its zone information in /etc/namedb/master/example.orgBIND zone files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55901 +#: book.translate.xml:56018 msgid "" "An example master zone file for example." "org (existing within /etc/namedb/master/example.org. is an exact hostname, " "whereas everything without a trailing . is relative to the " @@ -80208,90 +81252,90 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55942 +#: book.translate.xml:56059 msgid "The format of a zone file follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55944 +#: book.translate.xml:56061 #, no-wrap msgid "recordname IN recordtype value" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:55946 +#: book.translate.xml:56063 msgid "" "DNS records" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55951 +#: book.translate.xml:56068 msgid "The most commonly used DNS records:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:55956 +#: book.translate.xml:56073 msgid "SOA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55959 +#: book.translate.xml:56076 msgid "start of zone authority" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:55964 +#: book.translate.xml:56081 msgid "NS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55967 +#: book.translate.xml:56084 msgid "an authoritative name server" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:55972 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:56089 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "A" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55975 +#: book.translate.xml:56092 msgid "a host address" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:55980 +#: book.translate.xml:56097 msgid "CNAME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55983 +#: book.translate.xml:56100 msgid "the canonical name for an alias" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:55988 +#: book.translate.xml:56105 msgid "MX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55991 +#: book.translate.xml:56108 msgid "mail exchanger" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:55996 +#: book.translate.xml:56113 msgid "PTR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55999 +#: book.translate.xml:56116 msgid "a domain name pointer (used in reverse DNS)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56005 +#: book.translate.xml:56122 #, no-wrap msgid "" "example.org. IN SOA ns1.example.org. admin.example.org. (\n" @@ -80303,32 +81347,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:56014 +#: book.translate.xml:56131 msgid "example.org." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56017 +#: book.translate.xml:56134 msgid "the domain name, also the origin for this zone file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:56023 +#: book.translate.xml:56140 msgid "ns1.example.org." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56026 +#: book.translate.xml:56143 msgid "the primary/authoritative name server for this zone." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:56032 +#: book.translate.xml:56149 msgid "admin.example.org." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56035 +#: book.translate.xml:56152 msgid "" "the responsible person for this zone, email address with @ " "replaced. (admin@example.org becomes admin.example." @@ -80336,12 +81380,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:56043 +#: book.translate.xml:56160 msgid "2006051501" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56046 +#: book.translate.xml:56163 msgid "" "the serial number of the file. This must be incremented each time the zone " "file is modified. Nowadays, many admins prefer a yyyymmddrrns1.example.org would resolve to IP address 192.168.1.1 to the current origin, in this case www is aliased to the " @@ -80415,13 +81459,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56098 +#: book.translate.xml:56215 #, no-wrap msgid " IN MX 10 mail.example.org." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56100 +#: book.translate.xml:56217 msgid "" "The MX record indicates which mail servers are responsible for handling " "incoming mail for the zone. mail.example." @@ -80430,7 +81474,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56106 +#: book.translate.xml:56223 msgid "" "One can have several mail servers, with priorities of 10, 20 and so on. A " "mail server attempting to deliver to DNS), the same " "format is used, except with PTR entries instead of A or CNAME." @@ -80447,7 +81491,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56117 +#: book.translate.xml:56234 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$TTL 3600\n" @@ -80470,7 +81514,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56135 +#: book.translate.xml:56252 msgid "" "This file gives the proper IP address to hostname " "mappings for the above fictitious domain." @@ -80477,7 +81521,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56139 +#: book.translate.xml:56256 msgid "" "It is worth noting that all names on the right side of a PTR record need to " "be fully qualified (i.e., end in a .)." @@ -80484,17 +81528,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:56146 +#: book.translate.xml:56263 msgid "Caching Name Server" msgstr "快取名稱伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56148 +#: book.translate.xml:56265 msgid "BIND caching name server" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56153 +#: book.translate.xml:56270 msgid "" "A caching name server is a name server whose primary role is to resolve " "recursive queries. It simply asks queries of its own, and remembers the " @@ -80502,12 +81546,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:56160 +#: book.translate.xml:56277 msgid "DNSSEC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56162 +#: book.translate.xml:56279 msgid "" "BIND DNS security " "extensions" @@ -80514,7 +81558,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56168 +#: book.translate.xml:56285 msgid "" "Domain Name System Security Extensions, or DNSSEC for short, is a suite of " @@ -80536,7 +81580,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56190 +#: book.translate.xml:56307 msgid "" "The following sections will demonstrate how to enable DNSSEC for an authoritative DNS server and a recursive " @@ -80554,12 +81598,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:56209 +#: book.translate.xml:56326 msgid "Recursive DNS Server Configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56212 +#: book.translate.xml:56329 msgid "" "Enabling DNSSEC validation of queries performed by a " "recursive DNS server requires a few changes to " @@ -80572,13 +81616,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56224 +#: book.translate.xml:56341 #, no-wrap msgid "% dig +multi +noall +answer DNSKEY . > root.dnskey" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56226 +#: book.translate.xml:56343 msgid "" "the key will end up in root.dnskey. The contents should " "look something like this:" @@ -80585,7 +81629,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56230 +#: book.translate.xml:56347 #, no-wrap msgid "" ". 93910 IN DNSKEY 257 3 8 (\n" @@ -80607,7 +81651,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56247 +#: book.translate.xml:56364 msgid "" "Do not be alarmed if the obtained keys differ from this example. They might " "have changed since these instructions were last updated. This output " @@ -80622,7 +81666,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56262 +#: book.translate.xml:56379 msgid "" "Now the key must be verified and formatted so that BIND " "can use it. To verify the key, generate a % dnssec-dsfromkey -f root.dnskey . > root.ds" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56271 +#: book.translate.xml:56388 msgid "" "These records use SHA-1 and SHA-256 respectively, and should look similar to " "the following example, where the longer is using SHA-256." @@ -80644,7 +81688,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56275 +#: book.translate.xml:56392 #, no-wrap msgid "" ". IN DS 19036 8 1\n" @@ -80653,7 +81697,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56279 +#: book.translate.xml:56396 msgid "" "The SHA-256 RR can now be compared to the digest in https://" @@ -80665,7 +81709,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56286 +#: book.translate.xml:56403 msgid "" "Next, the key must be formatted properly. This differs a little between " "BIND versions 9.6.2 and 9.7 and later. In version 9.7 " @@ -80677,7 +81721,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56298 +#: book.translate.xml:56415 #, no-wrap msgid "" "trusted-keys {\n" @@ -80693,12 +81737,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56309 +#: book.translate.xml:56426 msgid "For 9.7 the format will instead be:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56311 +#: book.translate.xml:56428 #, no-wrap msgid "" "managed-keys {\n" @@ -80714,7 +81758,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56322 +#: book.translate.xml:56439 msgid "" "The root key can now be added to named.conf either " "directly or by including a file containing the key. After these steps, " @@ -80724,7 +81768,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56330 +#: book.translate.xml:56447 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dnssec-enable yes;\n" @@ -80732,7 +81776,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56333 +#: book.translate.xml:56450 msgid "" "To verify that it is actually working use dig to " "make a query for a signed zone using the resolver just configured. A " @@ -80741,13 +81785,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56340 +#: book.translate.xml:56457 #, no-wrap msgid "% dig @resolver +dnssec se ds " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56342 +#: book.translate.xml:56459 msgid "" "should return the DS RR for the " ".se zone. In the flags: section the " @@ -80755,7 +81799,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56348 +#: book.translate.xml:56465 #, no-wrap msgid "" "...\n" @@ -80764,18 +81808,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56352 +#: book.translate.xml:56469 msgid "" "The resolver is now capable of authenticating DNS queries." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:56357 +#: book.translate.xml:56474 msgid "Authoritative DNS Server Configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56360 +#: book.translate.xml:56477 msgid "" "In order to get an authoritative name server to serve a DNSSEC signed zone a little more work is required. A zone is signed using " @@ -80804,7 +81848,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56391 +#: book.translate.xml:56508 msgid "" "To enable DNSSEC for the example.com zone depicted in previous examples, the first " @@ -80817,24 +81861,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56403 +#: book.translate.xml:56520 #, no-wrap msgid "% dnssec-keygen -f KSK -a RSASHA256 -b 2048 -n ZONE example.com" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56405 +#: book.translate.xml:56522 msgid "and to generate the ZSK, run" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56407 +#: book.translate.xml:56524 #, no-wrap msgid "% dnssec-keygen -a RSASHA256 -b 2048 -n ZONE example.com" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56409 +#: book.translate.xml:56526 msgid "" "dnssec-keygen outputs two files, the public and " "the private keys in files named similar to Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn." @@ -80846,7 +81890,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56421 +#: book.translate.xml:56538 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% mv Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.key Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.KSK.key\n" @@ -80854,7 +81898,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56424 +#: book.translate.xml:56541 msgid "" "For the ZSK files, substitute KSK for " "ZSK as necessary. The files can now be included in the " @@ -80863,7 +81907,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56430 +#: book.translate.xml:56547 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$include Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.KSK.key ; KSK\n" @@ -80871,7 +81915,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56433 +#: book.translate.xml:56550 msgid "" "Finally, sign the zone and tell BIND to use the signed " "zone file. To sign a zone dnssec-signzone is " @@ -80881,7 +81925,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56441 +#: book.translate.xml:56558 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% dnssec-signzone -o\n" @@ -80890,7 +81934,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56445 +#: book.translate.xml:56562 msgid "" "The key supplied to the argument is the KSK and the other key file is the ZSK that should be " @@ -80912,7 +81956,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56470 +#: book.translate.xml:56587 msgid "" "Be sure to keep private keys confidential, as with all cryptographic keys. " "When changing a key it is best to include the new key into the zone, while " @@ -80927,12 +81971,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:56486 +#: book.translate.xml:56603 msgid "Automation Using BIND 9.7 or Later" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56489 +#: book.translate.xml:56606 msgid "" "Beginning with BIND version 9.7 a new feature called " "Smart Signing was introduced. This feature aims to make " @@ -80950,7 +81994,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56506 +#: book.translate.xml:56623 #, no-wrap msgid "" "zone example.com {\n" @@ -80963,7 +82007,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56514 +#: book.translate.xml:56631 msgid "" "After making these changes, generate keys for the zone as explained in , put those keys in the key repository given as " @@ -80976,7 +82020,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56530 +#: book.translate.xml:56647 msgid "" "Although BIND is the most common implementation of DNS, " "there is always the issue of security. Possible and exploitable security " @@ -80984,7 +82028,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56535 +#: book.translate.xml:56652 msgid "" "While FreeBSD automatically drops named into a " "chroot8CERT's security advisories and to subscribe to the named may help." @@ -81011,12 +82055,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:56555 +#: book.translate.xml:56672 msgid "Further Reading" msgstr "延伸閱讀" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56557 +#: book.translate.xml:56674 msgid "" "BIND/named manual pages: " "rndc8Official ISC BIND " "Page" @@ -81038,7 +82082,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56569 +#: book.translate.xml:56686 msgid "" "Official ISC BIND " "Forum" @@ -81045,7 +82089,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56574 +#: book.translate.xml:56691 msgid "" "O'Reilly " "DNS and BIND 5th Edition" @@ -81052,7 +82096,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56580 +#: book.translate.xml:56697 msgid "" "Root " "DNSSEC" @@ -81059,7 +82103,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56585 +#: book.translate.xml:56702 msgid "" "DNSSEC Trust Anchor Publication for " @@ -81067,7 +82111,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56591 +#: book.translate.xml:56708 msgid "" "RFC1034 - Domain " "Names - Concepts and Facilities" @@ -81074,7 +82118,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56596 +#: book.translate.xml:56713 msgid "" "RFC1035 - Domain " "Names - Implementation and Specification" @@ -81081,7 +82125,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56602 +#: book.translate.xml:56719 msgid "" "RFC4033 - " "DNS Security Introduction and Requirements" @@ -81088,7 +82132,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56608 +#: book.translate.xml:56725 msgid "" "RFC4034 - Resource " "Records for the DNS Security Extensions" @@ -81095,7 +82139,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56614 +#: book.translate.xml:56731 msgid "" "RFC4035 - Protocol " "Modifications for the DNS Security Extensions" @@ -81102,7 +82146,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56621 +#: book.translate.xml:56738 msgid "" "RFC4641 - DNSSEC " "Operational Practices" @@ -81109,7 +82153,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56626 +#: book.translate.xml:56743 msgid "" "RFC 5011 - Automated " "Updates of DNS Security (DNSSEC Trust " @@ -81117,17 +82161,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:56638 +#: book.translate.xml:56755 msgid "Apache HTTP Server" msgstr "Apache HTTP 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56651 +#: book.translate.xml:56768 msgid "web servers setting up" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:56655 +#: book.translate.xml:56772 msgid "" "The open source Apache HTTP Server is the most " "widely used web server. FreeBSD does not install this web server by default, " @@ -81136,7 +82180,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:56661 +#: book.translate.xml:56778 msgid "" "This section summarizes how to configure and start version 2.x of the Apache HTTP Server on " @@ -81146,17 +82190,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:56668 +#: book.translate.xml:56785 msgid "Configuring and Starting Apache" msgstr "設定並啟動 Apache" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56670 +#: book.translate.xml:56787 msgid "Apache configuration file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56673 +#: book.translate.xml:56790 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, the main Apache HTTP Server " "configuration file is installed as /usr/local/etc/" @@ -81167,12 +82211,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:56683 +#: book.translate.xml:56800 msgid "ServerRoot \"/usr/local\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56686 +#: book.translate.xml:56803 msgid "" "Specifies the default directory hierarchy for the Apache installation. Binaries are stored in the binServerAdmin you@example.com" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56699 +#: book.translate.xml:56816 msgid "" "Change this to the email address to receive problems with the server. This " "address also appears on some server-generated pages, such as error documents." @@ -81194,12 +82238,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:56706 +#: book.translate.xml:56823 msgid "ServerName www.example.com:80" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56710 +#: book.translate.xml:56827 msgid "" "Allows an administrator to set a hostname which is sent back to clients for " "the server. For example, www can be used instead of " @@ -81210,7 +82254,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:56723 +#: book.translate.xml:56840 msgid "" "DocumentRoot \"/usr/local/www/apache2x/" "data\"" @@ -81217,7 +82261,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56727 +#: book.translate.xml:56844 msgid "" "The directory where documents will be served from. By default, all requests " "are taken from this directory, but symbolic links and aliases may be used to " @@ -81225,7 +82269,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56735 +#: book.translate.xml:56852 msgid "" "It is always a good idea to make a backup copy of the default " "Apache configuration file before making changes. " @@ -81236,12 +82280,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56744 +#: book.translate.xml:56861 msgid "Apache starting or stopping" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56747 +#: book.translate.xml:56864 msgid "" "To launch Apache at system startup, add the " "following line to /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -81248,13 +82292,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56751 +#: book.translate.xml:56868 #, no-wrap msgid "apache24_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56753 +#: book.translate.xml:56870 msgid "" "If Apache should be started with non-default " "options, the following line may be added to /etc/rc.conf24_flags=\"\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56760 +#: book.translate.xml:56877 msgid "" "If apachectl does not report configuration " "errors, start httpd now:" @@ -81275,13 +82319,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56764 +#: book.translate.xml:56881 #, no-wrap msgid "# service apache24 start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56766 +#: book.translate.xml:56883 msgid "" "The httpd service can be tested by entering " "http://localhost in a web " @@ -81292,7 +82336,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56775 +#: book.translate.xml:56892 msgid "" "The Apache configuration can be tested for errors " "after making subsequent configuration changes while httpd " @@ -81300,13 +82344,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56780 +#: book.translate.xml:56897 #, no-wrap msgid "# service apache24 configtest" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:56783 +#: book.translate.xml:56900 msgid "" "It is important to note that configtest is not an " "rc8Apache server. The virtual hosts can be IP-basedApache to use name-based virtual " "hosting, add a VirtualHost block for each website. For " @@ -81343,7 +82387,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56811 +#: book.translate.xml:56928 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<VirtualHost *>\n" @@ -81358,7 +82402,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56821 +#: book.translate.xml:56938 msgid "" "For each virtual host, replace the values for ServerName " "and DocumentRoot with the values to be used." @@ -81365,7 +82409,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56826 +#: book.translate.xml:56943 msgid "" "For more information about setting up virtual hosts, consult the official " "Apache documentation at: Apache modules" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56837 +#: book.translate.xml:56954 msgid "" "Apache uses modules to augment the functionality " "provided by the basic server. Refer to www/apache24 port. Type make config within /usr/" @@ -81404,27 +82448,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:56853 +#: book.translate.xml:56970 msgid "mod_ssl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56855 +#: book.translate.xml:56972 msgid "web servers secure" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56859 +#: book.translate.xml:56976 msgid "SSL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56860 +#: book.translate.xml:56977 msgid "cryptography" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56862 +#: book.translate.xml:56979 msgid "" "The mod_ssl module uses the OpenSSL library to provide strong cryptography via the Secure Sockets " @@ -81435,7 +82479,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56871 +#: book.translate.xml:56988 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, mod_ssl module is enabled by default in " "both the package and the port. The available configuration directives are " @@ -81444,17 +82488,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:56877 +#: book.translate.xml:56994 msgid "mod_perl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56879 +#: book.translate.xml:56996 msgid "mod_perl Perl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56884 +#: book.translate.xml:57001 msgid "" "The mod_perl module makes it possible to write " "Apache modules in Perlmod_perl can be installed using the www/" "mod_perl2 package or port. Documentation for using this module can " @@ -81473,17 +82517,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:56899 +#: book.translate.xml:57016 msgid "mod_php" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56912 +#: book.translate.xml:57029 msgid "mod_php PHP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56917 +#: book.translate.xml:57034 msgid "" "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) " "is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web " @@ -81494,7 +82538,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56926 +#: book.translate.xml:57043 msgid "" "To gain support for PHP5 for the Apache web server, install the www/mod_php56 " @@ -81505,25 +82549,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56934 +#: book.translate.xml:57051 #, no-wrap msgid "LoadModule php5_module libexec/apache24/libphp5.so" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56949 +#: book.translate.xml:57066 msgid "" "Then, perform a graceful restart to load the PHP module:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56952 book.translate.xml:56971 +#: book.translate.xml:57069 book.translate.xml:57088 #, no-wrap msgid "# apachectl graceful" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56954 +#: book.translate.xml:57071 msgid "" "The PHP support provided by www/mod_php56 is limited. Additional support can be installed using the " @@ -81532,7 +82576,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56961 +#: book.translate.xml:57078 msgid "" "Alternatively, individual extensions can be installed using the appropriate " "port. For instance, to add PHP support for the " @@ -81541,7 +82585,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56967 +#: book.translate.xml:57084 msgid "" "After installing an extension, the Apache server " "must be reloaded to pick up the new configuration changes:" @@ -81548,17 +82592,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:56976 +#: book.translate.xml:57093 msgid "Dynamic Websites" msgstr "動態網站" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56978 +#: book.translate.xml:57095 msgid "web servers dynamic" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56983 +#: book.translate.xml:57100 msgid "" "In addition to mod_perl and mod_php, other languages are available for creating dynamic web " @@ -81567,22 +82611,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:56990 +#: book.translate.xml:57107 msgid "Django" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56992 +#: book.translate.xml:57109 msgid "Python" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56993 +#: book.translate.xml:57110 msgid "Django" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56995 +#: book.translate.xml:57112 msgid "" "Django is a BSD-licensed framework designed to " "allow developers to write high performance, elegant web applications " @@ -81595,7 +82639,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57007 +#: book.translate.xml:57124 msgid "" "Django depends on mod_python, and an SQL database engine. In FreeBSD, the www/py-django " @@ -81608,7 +82652,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57019 +#: book.translate.xml:57136 msgid "" "Once Django is installed, the application will " "need a project directory along with the Apache " @@ -81618,7 +82662,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57027 +#: book.translate.xml:57144 msgid "" "To configure Apache to pass requests for certain " "URLs to the web application, add the following to " @@ -81627,7 +82671,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57033 +#: book.translate.xml:57150 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<Location \"/\">\n" @@ -81641,7 +82685,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57042 +#: book.translate.xml:57159 msgid "" "Refer to https://docs." "djangoproject.com for more information on how to use " @@ -81649,17 +82693,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:57048 +#: book.translate.xml:57165 msgid "Ruby on Rails" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57050 +#: book.translate.xml:57167 msgid "Ruby on Rails" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57052 +#: book.translate.xml:57169 msgid "" "Ruby on Rails is another open source web " "framework that provides a full development stack. It is optimized to make " @@ -81669,7 +82713,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57059 +#: book.translate.xml:57176 msgid "" "Refer to http://guides." "rubyonrails.org for more information on how to use Ruby " @@ -81677,17 +82721,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:57078 +#: book.translate.xml:57195 msgid "File Transfer Protocol (FTP)" msgstr "檔案傳輸協定 (FTP)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57080 +#: book.translate.xml:57197 msgid "FTP servers" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57083 +#: book.translate.xml:57200 msgid "" "The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) provides users with a " "simple way to transfer files to and from an FTP server. " @@ -81696,7 +82740,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57089 +#: book.translate.xml:57206 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides several configuration files for controlling access to the " "FTP server. This section summarizes these files. Refer to " @@ -81706,7 +82750,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57097 +#: book.translate.xml:57214 msgid "" "The most important configuration step is deciding which accounts will be " "allowed access to the FTP server. A FreeBSD system has a " @@ -81718,7 +82762,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57106 +#: book.translate.xml:57223 msgid "" "In some cases it may be desirable to restrict the access of some users " "without preventing them completely from using FTP. This " @@ -81729,13 +82773,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57113 book.translate.xml:57171 +#: book.translate.xml:57230 book.translate.xml:57288 msgid "" "FTP anonymous" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57118 +#: book.translate.xml:57235 msgid "" "To enable anonymous FTP access to the server, create a " "user named ftp on the FreeBSD " @@ -81750,7 +82794,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57129 +#: book.translate.xml:57246 msgid "" "There are two text files that can be created to specify welcome messages to " "be displayed to FTP clients. The contents of /" @@ -81762,7 +82806,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57141 +#: book.translate.xml:57258 msgid "" "Once the FTP server has been configured, set the " "appropriate variable in /etc/rc.conf to start the " @@ -81770,41 +82814,41 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57146 +#: book.translate.xml:57263 #, no-wrap msgid "ftpd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57148 +#: book.translate.xml:57265 msgid "To start the service now:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57150 +#: book.translate.xml:57267 #, no-wrap msgid "# service ftpd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57152 +#: book.translate.xml:57269 msgid "Test the connection to the FTP server by typing:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57155 +#: book.translate.xml:57272 #, no-wrap msgid "% ftp localhost" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57158 +#: book.translate.xml:57275 msgid "" "log files FTP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57161 +#: book.translate.xml:57278 msgid "" "The ftpd daemon uses " "syslog3FTP server. In particular, think twice about allowing " @@ -81833,7 +82877,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:57202 +#: book.translate.xml:57319 msgid "" "File and Print Services for Microsoft Windows Clients " @@ -81843,27 +82887,27 @@ "\"registered\">Windows 用戶端檔案與列印服務 (Samba)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57205 +#: book.translate.xml:57322 msgid "Samba server" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57206 +#: book.translate.xml:57323 msgid "Microsoft Windows" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57207 +#: book.translate.xml:57324 msgid "file server Windows clients" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57211 +#: book.translate.xml:57328 msgid "print server Windows clients" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57216 +#: book.translate.xml:57333 msgid "" "Samba is a popular open source software package " "that provides file and print services using the SMB/CIFS " @@ -81878,7 +82922,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57226 +#: book.translate.xml:57343 msgid "" "On FreeBSD, the Samba client libraries can be " "installed using the net/samba-smbclient port or package. " @@ -81888,7 +82932,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57233 +#: book.translate.xml:57350 msgid "" "A FreeBSD system can also be configured to act as a Samba server by installing the net/samba43 port or " @@ -81900,12 +82944,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:57242 +#: book.translate.xml:57359 msgid "Server Configuration" msgstr "伺服器設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57244 +#: book.translate.xml:57361 msgid "" "Samba is configured in /usr/local/etc/" "smb4.conf. This file must be created before Sambasmb4.conf to share directories and printers " "with Windows clients in a " @@ -81924,7 +82968,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57256 +#: book.translate.xml:57373 #, no-wrap msgid "" "[global]\n" @@ -81949,12 +82993,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:57277 +#: book.translate.xml:57394 msgid "Global Settings" msgstr "全域設定" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57279 +#: book.translate.xml:57396 msgid "" "Settings that describe the network are added in /usr/local/etc/" "smb4.conf:" @@ -81961,22 +83005,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:57284 +#: book.translate.xml:57401 msgid "workgroup" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57287 +#: book.translate.xml:57404 msgid "The name of the workgroup to be served." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:57292 +#: book.translate.xml:57409 msgid "netbios name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57295 +#: book.translate.xml:57412 msgid "" "The NetBIOS name by which a Samba server is " "known. By default, it is the same as the first component of the host's " @@ -81984,12 +83028,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:57303 +#: book.translate.xml:57420 msgid "server string" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57306 +#: book.translate.xml:57423 msgid "" "The string that will be displayed in the output of net view and some other networking tools that seek to display descriptive " @@ -81997,12 +83041,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:57314 +#: book.translate.xml:57431 msgid "wins support" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57317 +#: book.translate.xml:57434 msgid "" "Whether Samba will act as a WINS server. Do not enable support for WINS on more " @@ -82010,12 +83054,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:57327 +#: book.translate.xml:57444 msgid "Security Settings" msgstr "安全性設定" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57329 +#: book.translate.xml:57446 msgid "" "The most important settings in /usr/local/etc/smb4.conf " "are the security model and the backend password format. These directives " @@ -82023,12 +83067,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:57336 +#: book.translate.xml:57453 msgid "security" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57339 +#: book.translate.xml:57456 msgid "" "The most common settings are security = share and " "security = user. If the clients use usernames that are " @@ -82038,7 +83082,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57348 +#: book.translate.xml:57465 msgid "" "In share level security, clients do not need to log onto the server with a " "valid username and password before attempting to connect to a shared " @@ -82047,22 +83091,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:57357 +#: book.translate.xml:57474 msgid "passdb backend" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57360 +#: book.translate.xml:57477 msgid "NIS+" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57362 +#: book.translate.xml:57479 msgid "SQL database" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57364 +#: book.translate.xml:57481 msgid "" "Samba has several different backend " "authentication models. Clients may be authenticated with LDAP, NIS+, an SQL " @@ -82074,12 +83118,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:57381 +#: book.translate.xml:57498 msgid "Samba Users" msgstr "Samba 使用者" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57383 +#: book.translate.xml:57500 msgid "" "FreeBSD user accounts must be mapped to the SambaSAMAccount database for Windows " @@ -82089,13 +83133,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57389 +#: book.translate.xml:57506 #, no-wrap msgid "# pdbedit -a username" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57391 +#: book.translate.xml:57508 msgid "" "This section has only mentioned the most commonly used settings. Refer to " "the Samba" msgstr "啟動 Samba" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57401 +#: book.translate.xml:57518 msgid "" "To enable Samba at boot time, add the following " "line to /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -82116,29 +83160,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57405 +#: book.translate.xml:57522 #, no-wrap msgid "samba_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57407 +#: book.translate.xml:57524 msgid "To enable Samba4, use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57408 +#: book.translate.xml:57525 #, no-wrap msgid "samba_server_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57410 +#: book.translate.xml:57527 msgid "To start Samba now:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57412 +#: book.translate.xml:57529 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service samba start\n" @@ -82148,7 +83192,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57417 +#: book.translate.xml:57534 msgid "" "Samba consists of three separate daemons. Both " "the nmbd and smbd " @@ -82157,24 +83201,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57423 +#: book.translate.xml:57540 #, no-wrap msgid "winbindd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57425 +#: book.translate.xml:57542 msgid "Samba can be stopped at any time by typing:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57428 +#: book.translate.xml:57545 #, no-wrap msgid "# service samba stop" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57430 +#: book.translate.xml:57547 msgid "" "Samba is a complex software suite with " "functionality that allows broad integration with NTP ntpd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57456 +#: book.translate.xml:57573 msgid "" "Over time, a computer's clock is prone to drift. This is problematic as many " "network services require the computers on a network to share the same " @@ -82205,7 +83249,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57463 +#: book.translate.xml:57580 msgid "" "FreeBSD includes ntpd8 which can be " @@ -82220,7 +83264,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57474 +#: book.translate.xml:57591 msgid "" "Choosing several NTP servers is recommended in case one " "of the servers becomes unreachable or its clock proves unreliable. As " @@ -82229,7 +83273,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57480 +#: book.translate.xml:57597 msgid "" "This section describes how to configure ntpd on " "FreeBSD. Further documentation can be found in /usr/share/doc/ntp/" @@ -82237,17 +83281,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:57486 +#: book.translate.xml:57603 msgid "NTP Configuration" msgstr "NTP 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57488 +#: book.translate.xml:57605 msgid "NTP ntp.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57492 +#: book.translate.xml:57609 msgid "" "On FreeBSD, the built-in ntpd can be used to " "synchronize a system's clock. To enable ntpd at " @@ -82260,7 +83304,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57501 +#: book.translate.xml:57618 msgid "" "This application reads /etc/ntp.conf to determine which " "NTP servers to query. Here is a simple example of an " @@ -82268,12 +83312,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:57507 +#: book.translate.xml:57624 msgid "Sample /etc/ntp.conf" msgstr "/etc/ntp.conf 範例" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57509 +#: book.translate.xml:57626 #, no-wrap msgid "" "server ntplocal.example.com prefer\n" @@ -82284,7 +83328,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57516 +#: book.translate.xml:57633 msgid "" "The format of this file is described in ntp." "conf5. The " @@ -82299,7 +83343,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57528 +#: book.translate.xml:57645 msgid "" "The driftfile entry specifies which file is used to store " "the system clock's frequency offset. ntpd uses " @@ -82312,7 +83356,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57539 +#: book.translate.xml:57656 msgid "" "By default, an NTP server is accessible to any network " "host. The restrict option in /etc/ntp.confNTP servers. If " "there is a need to synchronize with an external NTP " @@ -82338,7 +83382,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57557 +#: book.translate.xml:57674 msgid "" "To allow machines within the network to synchronize their clocks with the " "server, but ensure they are not allowed to configure the server or be used " @@ -82346,13 +83390,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57562 +#: book.translate.xml:57679 #, no-wrap msgid "restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57564 +#: book.translate.xml:57681 msgid "" "where 192.168.1.0 is the local " "network address and 255.255.255.0 " @@ -82360,7 +83404,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57568 +#: book.translate.xml:57685 msgid "" "Multiple restrict entries are supported. For more " "details, refer to the Access Control Support subsection " @@ -82369,7 +83413,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57573 +#: book.translate.xml:57690 msgid "" "Once ntpd_enable=\"YES\" has been added to /etc/" "rc.conf, ntpd can be started now " @@ -82377,18 +83421,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57578 +#: book.translate.xml:57695 #, no-wrap msgid "# service ntpd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:57582 +#: book.translate.xml:57699 msgid "Using NTP with a PPP Connection" msgstr "在 PPP 連線使用 NTP" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57585 +#: book.translate.xml:57702 msgid "" "ntpd does not need a permanent connection to the " "Internet to function properly. However, if a PPP " @@ -82399,7 +83443,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57594 +#: book.translate.xml:57711 #, no-wrap msgid "" " set filter dial 0 deny udp src eq 123\n" @@ -82413,7 +83457,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57603 +#: book.translate.xml:57720 msgid "" "For more details, refer to the PACKET FILTERING section " "in ppp8iSCSI Initiator and Target Configuration" msgstr "iSCSI Initiator 與 Target 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57631 +#: book.translate.xml:57748 msgid "" "iSCSI is a way to share storage over a network. Unlike " "NFS, which works at the file system level, " @@ -82442,7 +83486,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57636 +#: book.translate.xml:57753 msgid "" "In iSCSI terminology, the system that shares the storage " "is known as the target. The storage can be a physical " @@ -82452,7 +83496,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57644 +#: book.translate.xml:57761 msgid "" "The clients which access the iSCSI storage are called " "initiators. To initiators, the storage available " @@ -82462,7 +83506,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57652 +#: book.translate.xml:57769 msgid "" "Beginning with 10.0-RELEASE, FreeBSD provides a native, kernel-based " "iSCSI target and initiator. This section describes how to " @@ -82470,12 +83514,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:57658 +#: book.translate.xml:57775 msgid "Configuring an iSCSI Target" msgstr "設定 iSCSI Target" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:57661 +#: book.translate.xml:57778 msgid "" "The native iSCSI target is supported starting with " "FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE. To use iSCSI in older versions of " @@ -82484,7 +83528,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57669 +#: book.translate.xml:57786 msgid "" "To configure an iSCSI target, create the /etc/" "ctl.conf configuration file, add a line to /etc/rc." @@ -82494,7 +83538,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57675 +#: book.translate.xml:57792 msgid "" "The following is an example of a simple /etc/ctl.conf " "configuration file. Refer to ctl.confpg0 portal group. Portal " "groups define which network addresses the ctlddefault. In this case, the difference " @@ -82549,7 +83593,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57716 +#: book.translate.xml:57833 msgid "" "The second entry defines a single target. Target has two possible meanings: " "a machine serving iSCSI or a named group of " @@ -82563,7 +83607,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57729 +#: book.translate.xml:57846 msgid "" "The auth-group no-authentication line allows all " "initiators to connect to the specified target and portal-group pg0LUN. To the initiator, each " "LUN will be visible as a separate disk device. Multiple " @@ -82586,7 +83630,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57745 +#: book.translate.xml:57862 msgid "" "Next, to make sure the ctld8 daemon is started at " @@ -82594,13 +83638,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57749 +#: book.translate.xml:57866 #, no-wrap msgid "ctld_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57751 +#: book.translate.xml:57868 msgid "" "To start ctld8 now, run this command:" @@ -82607,13 +83651,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57753 +#: book.translate.xml:57870 #, no-wrap msgid "# service ctld start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57755 +#: book.translate.xml:57872 msgid "" "As the ctld8 daemon is started, it reads /etc/ctl." @@ -82622,7 +83666,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57760 +#: book.translate.xml:57877 #, no-wrap msgid "# service ctld reload" msgstr "" @@ -82629,12 +83673,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect3/title #. (itstool) path: sect5/title -#: book.translate.xml:57763 book.translate.xml:62725 +#: book.translate.xml:57880 book.translate.xml:62842 msgid "Authentication" msgstr "認證" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57765 +#: book.translate.xml:57882 msgid "" "The previous example is inherently insecure as it uses no authentication, " "granting anyone full access to all targets. To require a username and " @@ -82642,7 +83686,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57770 +#: book.translate.xml:57887 #, no-wrap msgid "" "auth-group ag0 {\n" @@ -82667,7 +83711,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57790 +#: book.translate.xml:57907 msgid "" "The auth-group section defines username and password " "pairs. An initiator trying to connect to iqn.2012-06.com.example:" @@ -82679,7 +83723,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57800 +#: book.translate.xml:57917 msgid "" "It is common to define a single exported target for every initiator. As a " "shorthand for the syntax above, the username and password can be specified " @@ -82687,7 +83731,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57805 +#: book.translate.xml:57922 #, no-wrap msgid "" "target iqn.2012-06.com.example:target0 {\n" @@ -82702,12 +83746,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:57818 +#: book.translate.xml:57935 msgid "Configuring an iSCSI Initiator" msgstr "設定 iSCSI Initiator" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:57821 +#: book.translate.xml:57938 msgid "" "The iSCSI initiator described in this section is " "supported starting with FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE. To use the iSCSIiSCSI initiator requires that the " "iscsid8iscsid8 now, run this command:" @@ -82740,13 +83784,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57836 +#: book.translate.xml:57953 #, no-wrap msgid "# service iscsid start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57838 +#: book.translate.xml:57955 msgid "" "Connecting to a target can be done with or without an /etc/iscsi." "conf configuration file. This section demonstrates both types of " @@ -82754,12 +83798,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:57843 +#: book.translate.xml:57960 msgid "Connecting to a Target Without a Configuration File" msgstr "不使用設定檔連線到 Target " #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57846 +#: book.translate.xml:57963 msgid "" "To connect an initiator to a single target, specify the IP address of the portal and the name of the target:" @@ -82766,13 +83810,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57850 +#: book.translate.xml:57967 #, no-wrap msgid "# iscsictl -A -p 10.10.10.10 -t iqn.2012-06.com.example:target0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57852 +#: book.translate.xml:57969 msgid "" "To verify if the connection succeeded, run iscsictl " "without any arguments. The output should look similar to this:" @@ -82779,7 +83823,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57856 +#: book.translate.xml:57973 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Target name Target portal State\n" @@ -82787,7 +83831,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57859 +#: book.translate.xml:57976 msgid "" "In this example, the iSCSI session was successfully " "established, with /dev/da0 representing the attached " @@ -82797,13 +83841,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57868 +#: book.translate.xml:57985 #, no-wrap msgid "Connected: da0 da1 da2." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57870 +#: book.translate.xml:57987 msgid "" "Any errors will be reported in the output, as well as the system logs. For " "example, this message usually means that the " @@ -82812,7 +83856,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57874 +#: book.translate.xml:57991 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Target name Target portal State\n" @@ -82820,7 +83864,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57877 +#: book.translate.xml:57994 msgid "" "The following message suggests a networking problem, such as a wrong " "IP address or port:" @@ -82827,7 +83871,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57881 +#: book.translate.xml:57998 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Target name Target portal State\n" @@ -82835,12 +83879,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57884 +#: book.translate.xml:58001 msgid "This message means that the specified target name is wrong:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57887 +#: book.translate.xml:58004 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Target name Target portal State\n" @@ -82848,12 +83892,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57890 +#: book.translate.xml:58007 msgid "This message means that the target requires authentication:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57893 +#: book.translate.xml:58010 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Target name Target portal State\n" @@ -82861,24 +83905,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57896 +#: book.translate.xml:58013 msgid "" "To specify a CHAP username and secret, use this syntax:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57899 +#: book.translate.xml:58016 #, no-wrap msgid "# iscsictl -A -p 10.10.10.10 -t iqn.2012-06.com.example:target0 -u user -s secretsecret" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:57903 +#: book.translate.xml:58020 msgid "Connecting to a Target with a Configuration File" msgstr "使用設定檔連線到 Target " #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57906 +#: book.translate.xml:58023 msgid "" "To connect using a configuration file, create /etc/iscsi.conf with contents like this:" @@ -82885,7 +83929,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57910 +#: book.translate.xml:58027 #, no-wrap msgid "" "t0 {\n" @@ -82898,7 +83942,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57918 +#: book.translate.xml:58035 msgid "" "The t0 specifies a nickname for the configuration file " "section. It will be used by the initiator to specify which configuration to " @@ -82909,18 +83953,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57928 +#: book.translate.xml:58045 msgid "To connect to the defined target, specify the nickname:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57931 +#: book.translate.xml:58048 #, no-wrap msgid "# iscsictl -An t0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57933 +#: book.translate.xml:58050 msgid "" "Alternately, to connect to all targets defined in the configuration file, " "use:" @@ -82927,13 +83971,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57936 +#: book.translate.xml:58053 #, no-wrap msgid "# iscsictl -Aa" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57938 +#: book.translate.xml:58055 msgid "" "To make the initiator automatically connect to all targets in /etc/" "iscsi.conf, add the following to /etc/rc.conf Brad Davis Converted to SGML and updated by " @@ -82956,12 +84000,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57985 +#: book.translate.xml:58102 msgid "security firewalls" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57994 +#: book.translate.xml:58111 msgid "" "Firewalls make it possible to filter the incoming and outgoing traffic that " "flows through a system. A firewall can use one or more sets of rulesNAT), which allows " "an internal network to use private IP addresses and share " @@ -83008,7 +84052,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58028 +#: book.translate.xml:58145 msgid "" "FreeBSD has three firewalls built into the base system: PF, IPFW, and IPFILTERPF firewall." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58065 +#: book.translate.xml:58182 msgid "How to use and configure the IPFW firewall." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58070 +#: book.translate.xml:58187 msgid "" "How to use and configure the IPFILTER firewall." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:58084 +#: book.translate.xml:58201 msgid "" "Since all firewalls are based on inspecting the values of selected packet " "control fields, the creator of the firewall ruleset must have an " @@ -83070,17 +84114,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:58096 +#: book.translate.xml:58213 msgid "Firewall Concepts" msgstr "防火牆概念" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:58098 +#: book.translate.xml:58215 msgid "firewall rulesets" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58104 +#: book.translate.xml:58221 msgid "" "A ruleset contains a group of rules which pass or block packets based on the " "values contained in the packet. The bi-directional exchange of packets " @@ -83095,7 +84139,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58117 +#: book.translate.xml:58234 msgid "" "To lookup unknown port numbers, refer to /etc/services. " "Alternatively, visit http://www." @@ -83113,7 +84157,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58124 +#: book.translate.xml:58241 msgid "" "FTP has two modes: active mode and passive mode. The difference is in how " "the data channel is acquired. Passive mode is more secure as the data " @@ -83123,7 +84167,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58130 +#: book.translate.xml:58247 msgid "" "A firewall ruleset can be either exclusive or " "inclusive. An exclusive firewall allows all traffic through " @@ -83133,7 +84177,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58137 +#: book.translate.xml:58254 msgid "" "An inclusive firewall offers better control of the outgoing traffic, making " "it a better choice for systems that offer services to the public Internet. " @@ -83145,7 +84189,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:58148 +#: book.translate.xml:58265 msgid "" "Unless noted otherwise, all configuration and example rulesets in this " "chapter create inclusive firewall rulesets." @@ -83152,7 +84196,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58153 +#: book.translate.xml:58270 msgid "" "Security can be tightened further using a stateful firewall. " "This type of firewall keeps track of open connections and only allows " @@ -83161,7 +84205,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58158 +#: book.translate.xml:58275 msgid "" "Stateful filtering treats traffic as a bi-directional exchange of packets " "comprising a session. When state is specified on a matching rule the " @@ -83172,12 +84216,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58167 +#: book.translate.xml:58284 msgid "When the session completes, it is removed from the dynamic state table." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58170 +#: book.translate.xml:58287 msgid "" "Stateful filtering allows one to focus on blocking/passing new sessions. If " "the new session is passed, all its subsequent packets are allowed " @@ -83188,7 +84232,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58178 +#: book.translate.xml:58295 msgid "" "NAT stands for Network Address Translation. NAT function enables the private LAN behind " @@ -83199,7 +84243,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58186 +#: book.translate.xml:58303 msgid "" "NAT will automatically translate the private LAN IP " "address for each system on the LAN to the single public IP address as " @@ -83208,7 +84252,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58192 +#: book.translate.xml:58309 msgid "" "According to RFC 1918, the following IP address ranges are reserved for " "private networks which will never be routed directly to the public Internet, " @@ -83216,22 +84260,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58199 +#: book.translate.xml:58316 msgid "10.0.0.0/8." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58203 +#: book.translate.xml:58320 msgid "172.16.0.0/12." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58207 +#: book.translate.xml:58324 msgid "192.168.0.0/16." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:58212 +#: book.translate.xml:58329 msgid "" "When working with the firewall rules, be very careful. " "Some configurations can lock the administrator out of " @@ -83241,12 +84285,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:58223 +#: book.translate.xml:58340 msgid "PF" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:58226 +#: book.translate.xml:58343 msgid "" " John Ferrell Revised and updated by " @@ -83253,12 +84297,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:58236 +#: book.translate.xml:58353 msgid "firewall PF" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58242 +#: book.translate.xml:58359 msgid "" "Since FreeBSD 5.3, a ported version of OpenBSD's PF firewall has been included as an integrated part of the base " @@ -83268,7 +84312,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58250 +#: book.translate.xml:58367 msgid "" "The OpenBSD Project maintains the definitive reference for PF in the PF " @@ -83278,7 +84322,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:58256 +#: book.translate.xml:58373 msgid "" "When reading the PF FAQ, keep in mind that FreeBSD uses the same version of PFFreeBSD packet filter mailing list is a good place to ask " @@ -83296,7 +84340,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58266 +#: book.translate.xml:58383 msgid "" "More information about porting PF to FreeBSD can " "be found at http://" @@ -83304,7 +84348,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58269 +#: book.translate.xml:58386 msgid "" "This section of the Handbook focuses on PF as it " "pertains to FreeBSD. It demonstrates how to enable PFPF" msgstr "開啟 PF" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58278 +#: book.translate.xml:58395 msgid "" "In order to use PF, its kernel module must be " "first loaded. This section describes the entries that can be added to " @@ -83327,19 +84371,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58283 +#: book.translate.xml:58400 msgid "" "Start by adding the following line to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58286 +#: book.translate.xml:58403 #, no-wrap msgid "pf_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58288 +#: book.translate.xml:58405 msgid "" "Additional options, described in pfctl8, can be passed to " @@ -83349,13 +84393,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58294 +#: book.translate.xml:58411 #, no-wrap msgid "pf_flags=\"\" # additional flags for pfctl startup" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58296 +#: book.translate.xml:58413 msgid "" "PF will not start if it cannot find its ruleset " "configuration file. The default ruleset is already created and is named " @@ -83365,13 +84409,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58304 +#: book.translate.xml:58421 #, no-wrap msgid "pf_rules=\"/path/to/pf.conf\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58306 +#: book.translate.xml:58423 msgid "" "Logging support for PF is provided by " "pflog4LAN behind the firewall and " "packets need to be forwarded for the computers on the LANPF can be started " "with logging support by typing:" @@ -83424,7 +84468,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:58331 +#: book.translate.xml:58448 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service pf start\n" @@ -83432,7 +84476,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58385 +#: book.translate.xml:58502 msgid "" "By default, PF reads its configuration rules from " "/etc/pf.conf and modifies, drops, or passes packets " @@ -83444,7 +84488,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58395 +#: book.translate.xml:58512 msgid "" "To control PF, use pfctl. " " summarizes some useful options to this command. " @@ -83453,42 +84497,42 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:58401 +#: book.translate.xml:58518 msgid "Useful pfctl Options" msgstr "有用的 pfctl 選項" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58407 book.translate.xml:61939 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:58524 book.translate.xml:62056 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Purpose" msgstr "用途" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58413 +#: book.translate.xml:58530 msgid "pfctl -e" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58415 +#: book.translate.xml:58532 msgid "Enable PF." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58419 +#: book.translate.xml:58536 msgid "pfctl -d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58421 +#: book.translate.xml:58538 msgid "Disable PF." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58425 +#: book.translate.xml:58542 msgid "pfctl -F all -f /etc/pf.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58427 +#: book.translate.xml:58544 msgid "" "Flush all NAT, filter, state, and table rules and reload " "/etc/pf.conf." @@ -83495,29 +84539,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58433 +#: book.translate.xml:58550 msgid "pfctl -s [ rules | nat | states ]" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58435 +#: book.translate.xml:58552 msgid "" "Report on the filter rules, NAT rules, or state table." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58441 +#: book.translate.xml:58558 msgid "pfctl -vnf /etc/pf.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58443 +#: book.translate.xml:58560 msgid "" "Check /etc/pf.conf for errors, but do not load ruleset." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:58451 +#: book.translate.xml:58568 msgid "" "security/sudo is useful for running commands like " "pfctl that require elevated privileges. It can be " @@ -83525,7 +84569,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58457 +#: book.translate.xml:58574 msgid "" "To keep an eye on the traffic that passes through the PF firewall, consider installing the sysutils/pftopALTQ" msgstr "開啟 ALTQ" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58468 +#: book.translate.xml:58585 msgid "" "On FreeBSD, ALTQ can be used with " "PF to provide Quality of Service (QOSALTQ, refer to " "altq4ALTQ is not available as a loadable kernel " "module. If the system's interfaces support ALTQ, " @@ -83571,7 +84615,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58488 +#: book.translate.xml:58605 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options ALTQ\n" @@ -83583,17 +84627,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58495 +#: book.translate.xml:58612 msgid "The following scheduler algorithms are available:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:58499 +#: book.translate.xml:58616 msgid "CBQ" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58501 +#: book.translate.xml:58618 msgid "" "Class Based Queuing (CBQ) is used to divide a " "connection's bandwidth into different classes or queues to prioritize " @@ -83601,12 +84645,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:58509 +#: book.translate.xml:58626 msgid "RED" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58511 +#: book.translate.xml:58628 msgid "" "Random Early Detection (RED) is used to avoid network " "congestion by measuring the length of the queue and comparing it to the " @@ -83615,12 +84659,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:58520 +#: book.translate.xml:58637 msgid "RIO" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58522 +#: book.translate.xml:58639 msgid "" "In Random Early Detection In and Out (RIO) mode, " "RED maintains multiple average queue lengths and multiple " @@ -83628,12 +84672,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:58531 +#: book.translate.xml:58648 msgid "HFSC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58533 +#: book.translate.xml:58650 msgid "" "Hierarchical Fair Service Curve Packet Scheduler (HFSC) " "is described in PRIQ) always passes traffic that is in " "a higher queue first." @@ -83653,7 +84697,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58547 +#: book.translate.xml:58664 msgid "" "More information about the scheduling algorithms and example rulesets are " "available at PF Rulesets" msgstr "PF 規則集" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:58556 +#: book.translate.xml:58673 msgid "" " Peter Hansteen " "N. M. Contributed by " @@ -83673,7 +84717,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58567 +#: book.translate.xml:58684 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to create a customized ruleset. It starts with " "the simplest of rulesets and builds upon its concepts using several examples " @@ -83682,7 +84726,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58573 +#: book.translate.xml:58690 msgid "" "The simplest possible ruleset is for a single machine that does not run any " "services and which needs access to one network, which may be the Internet. " @@ -83691,7 +84735,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58579 +#: book.translate.xml:58696 #, no-wrap msgid "" "block in all\n" @@ -83699,7 +84743,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58582 +#: book.translate.xml:58699 msgid "" "The first rule denies all incoming traffic by default. The second rule " "allows connections created by this system to pass out, while retaining state " @@ -83709,13 +84753,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:58590 +#: book.translate.xml:58707 #, no-wrap msgid "# pfctl -e ; pfctl -f /etc/pf.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58592 +#: book.translate.xml:58709 msgid "" "In addition to keeping state, PF provides " "lists and macros which can be " @@ -83725,7 +84769,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58600 +#: book.translate.xml:58717 #, no-wrap msgid "" "tcp_services = \"{ ssh, smtp, domain, www, pop3, auth, pop3s }\"\n" @@ -83733,7 +84777,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58603 +#: book.translate.xml:58720 msgid "" "PF understands port names as well as port " "numbers, as long as the names are listed in /etc/servicesUDP is considered to be a stateless protocol, " "PF is able to track some state information. For " @@ -83767,7 +84811,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58627 +#: book.translate.xml:58744 msgid "" "Whenever an edit is made to a ruleset, the new rules must be loaded so they " "can be used:" @@ -83775,13 +84819,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:58630 book.translate.xml:58877 +#: book.translate.xml:58747 book.translate.xml:58994 #, no-wrap msgid "# pfctl -f /etc/pf.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58632 +#: book.translate.xml:58749 msgid "" "If there are no syntax errors, pfctl will not output any " "messages during the rule load. Rules can also be tested before attempting to " @@ -83789,13 +84833,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:58636 +#: book.translate.xml:58753 #, no-wrap msgid "# pfctl -nf /etc/pf.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58638 +#: book.translate.xml:58755 msgid "" "Including causes the rules to be interpreted only, but " "not loaded. This provides an opportunity to correct any errors. At all " @@ -83804,7 +84848,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:58646 +#: book.translate.xml:58763 msgid "" "Adding to a pfctl ruleset verify or " "load will display the fully parsed rules exactly the way they will be " @@ -83812,12 +84856,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:58653 +#: book.translate.xml:58770 msgid "A Simple Gateway with NAT" -msgstr "使用 NAT 的簡單閘道器" +msgstr "使用 NAT 的簡單通訊閘" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58655 +#: book.translate.xml:58772 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to configure a FreeBSD system running " "PF to act as a gateway for at least one other " @@ -83828,7 +84872,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58663 +#: book.translate.xml:58780 msgid "" "First, enable the gateway in order to let the machine forward the network " "traffic it receives on one interface to another interface. This " @@ -83837,24 +84881,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:58668 +#: book.translate.xml:58785 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58670 +#: book.translate.xml:58787 msgid "To forward IPv6 traffic, use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:58672 +#: book.translate.xml:58789 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl net.inet6.ip6.forwarding=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58674 +#: book.translate.xml:58791 msgid "" "To enable these settings at system boot, add the following to /etc/" "rc.conf:" @@ -83861,7 +84905,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58677 +#: book.translate.xml:58794 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gateway_enable=\"YES\"\t\t#for ipv4\n" @@ -83869,7 +84913,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58680 +#: book.translate.xml:58797 msgid "" "Verify with ifconfig that both of the interfaces are up " "and running." @@ -83876,7 +84920,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58683 +#: book.translate.xml:58800 msgid "" "Next, create the PF rules to allow the gateway to " "pass traffic. While the following rule allows stateful traffic to pass from " @@ -83885,13 +84929,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58690 +#: book.translate.xml:58807 #, no-wrap msgid "pass in on xl1 from xl1:network to xl0:network port $ports keep state" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58692 +#: book.translate.xml:58809 msgid "" "That rule only lets the traffic pass in to the gateway on the internal " "interface. To let the packets go further, a matching rule is needed:" @@ -83898,13 +84942,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58696 +#: book.translate.xml:58813 #, no-wrap msgid "pass out on xl0 from xl1:network to xl0:network port $ports keep state" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58698 +#: book.translate.xml:58815 msgid "" "While these two rules will work, rules this specific are rarely needed. For " "a busy network admin, a readable ruleset is a safer ruleset. The remainder " @@ -83913,13 +84957,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58705 +#: book.translate.xml:58822 #, no-wrap msgid "pass from xl1:network to any port $ports keep state" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58707 +#: book.translate.xml:58824 msgid "" "The interface:network notation can be replaced with a " "macro to make the ruleset even more readable. For example, a " @@ -83931,7 +84975,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58718 +#: book.translate.xml:58835 msgid "" "If required, $localnet could even be defined as a list of " "networks. Whatever the specific needs, a sensible $localnettun0. " "For an ADSL connection, specifically those using " @@ -83963,7 +85007,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58740 +#: book.translate.xml:58857 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ext_if = \"xl0\"\t# macro for external interface - use tun0 for PPPoE\n" @@ -83976,7 +85020,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58748 +#: book.translate.xml:58865 msgid "" "This ruleset introduces the nat rule which is used to " "handle the network address translation from the non-routable addresses " @@ -83989,7 +85033,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58759 +#: book.translate.xml:58876 msgid "" "Note that this ruleset probably allows more traffic to pass out of the " "network than is needed. One reasonable setup could create this macro:" @@ -83996,7 +85040,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58763 +#: book.translate.xml:58880 #, no-wrap msgid "" "client_out = \"{ ftp-data, ftp, ssh, domain, pop3, auth, nntp, http, \\\n" @@ -84004,12 +85048,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58766 +#: book.translate.xml:58883 msgid "to use in the main pass rule:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58768 +#: book.translate.xml:58885 #, no-wrap msgid "" "pass inet proto tcp from $localnet to any port $client_out \\\n" @@ -84017,7 +85061,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58771 +#: book.translate.xml:58888 msgid "" "A few other pass rules may be needed. This one enables SSH on the external interface::" @@ -84024,13 +85068,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58774 +#: book.translate.xml:58891 #, no-wrap msgid "pass in inet proto tcp to $ext_if port ssh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58776 +#: book.translate.xml:58893 msgid "" "This macro definition and rule allows DNS and " "NTP for internal clients:" @@ -84037,7 +85081,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58780 +#: book.translate.xml:58897 #, no-wrap msgid "" "udp_services = \"{ domain, ntp }\"\n" @@ -84045,7 +85089,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58783 +#: book.translate.xml:58900 msgid "" "Note the quick keyword in this rule. Since the ruleset " "consists of several rules, it is important to understand the relationships " @@ -84059,12 +85103,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:58798 +#: book.translate.xml:58915 msgid "Creating an FTP Proxy" msgstr "建立 FTP Proxy" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58800 +#: book.translate.xml:58917 msgid "" "Configuring working FTP rules can be problematic due to " "the nature of the FTP protocol. FTP " @@ -84073,12 +85117,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58809 +#: book.translate.xml:58926 msgid "Passwords are transferred in the clear." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58813 +#: book.translate.xml:58930 msgid "" "The protocol demands the use of at least two TCP " "connections (control and data) on separate ports." @@ -84085,7 +85129,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58819 +#: book.translate.xml:58936 msgid "" "When a session is established, data is communicated using randomly selected " "ports." @@ -84092,7 +85136,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58824 +#: book.translate.xml:58941 msgid "" "All of these points present security challenges, even before considering any " "potential security weaknesses in client or server software. More secure " @@ -84104,7 +85148,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58831 +#: book.translate.xml:58948 msgid "" "For those situations when FTP is required, " "PF provides redirection of FTP " @@ -84116,7 +85160,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58840 +#: book.translate.xml:58957 msgid "" "To enable the FTP proxy, add this line to /etc/" "rc.conf:" @@ -84123,19 +85167,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58843 +#: book.translate.xml:58960 #, no-wrap msgid "ftpproxy_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58845 +#: book.translate.xml:58962 msgid "" "Then start the proxy by running service ftp-proxy start." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58848 +#: book.translate.xml:58965 msgid "" "For a basic configuration, three elements need to be added to /etc/" "pf.conf. First, the anchors which the proxy will use to insert " @@ -84143,7 +85187,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58853 +#: book.translate.xml:58970 #, no-wrap msgid "" "nat-anchor \"ftp-proxy/*\"\n" @@ -84151,7 +85195,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58856 +#: book.translate.xml:58973 msgid "" "Second, a pass rule is needed to allow FTP traffic in to " "the proxy." @@ -84158,7 +85202,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58859 +#: book.translate.xml:58976 msgid "" "Third, redirection and NAT rules need to be defined " "before the filtering rules. Insert this rdr rule " @@ -84166,24 +85210,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58864 +#: book.translate.xml:58981 #, no-wrap msgid "rdr pass on $int_if proto tcp from any to any port ftp -> 127.0.0.1 port 8021" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58866 +#: book.translate.xml:58983 msgid "Finally, allow the redirected traffic to pass:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58868 +#: book.translate.xml:58985 #, no-wrap msgid "pass out proto tcp from $proxy to any port ftp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58870 +#: book.translate.xml:58987 msgid "" "where $proxy expands to the address the proxy daemon is " "bound to." @@ -84190,7 +85234,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58873 +#: book.translate.xml:58990 msgid "" "Save /etc/pf.conf, load the new rules, and verify from " "a client that FTP connections are working:" @@ -84197,7 +85241,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58879 +#: book.translate.xml:58996 msgid "" "This example covers a basic setup where the clients in the local network " "need to contact FTP servers elsewhere. This basic " @@ -84212,7 +85256,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58892 +#: book.translate.xml:59009 msgid "" "For ways to run an FTP server protected by " "PF and ftp-proxyICMP" msgstr "管理 ICMP" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58903 +#: book.translate.xml:59020 msgid "" "Many of the tools used for debugging or troubleshooting a TCP/IP network rely on the Internet Control Message Protocol " @@ -84236,7 +85280,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58908 +#: book.translate.xml:59025 msgid "" "The ICMP protocol sends and receives control " "messages between hosts and gateways, mainly to provide feedback " @@ -84247,7 +85291,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58917 +#: book.translate.xml:59034 msgid "" "From a firewall perspective, some ICMP control messages " "are vulnerable to known attack vectors. Also, letting all diagnostic traffic " @@ -84257,13 +85301,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58925 +#: book.translate.xml:59042 #, no-wrap msgid "pass inet proto icmp from any to any" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58927 +#: book.translate.xml:59044 msgid "" "One solution is to let all ICMP traffic from the local " "network through while stopping all probes from outside the network:" @@ -84270,7 +85314,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58931 +#: book.translate.xml:59048 #, no-wrap msgid "" "pass inet proto icmp from $localnet to any keep state\n" @@ -84278,7 +85322,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58934 +#: book.translate.xml:59051 msgid "" "Additional options are available which demonstrate some of PF's flexibility. For example, rather than allowing all " @@ -84290,25 +85334,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58941 +#: book.translate.xml:59058 #, no-wrap msgid "icmp_types = \"echoreq\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58943 +#: book.translate.xml:59060 msgid "and a rule which uses the macro:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58945 book.translate.xml:59005 +#: book.translate.xml:59062 book.translate.xml:59122 #, no-wrap msgid "pass inet proto icmp all icmp-type $icmp_types keep state" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58947 +#: book.translate.xml:59064 msgid "" "If other types of ICMP packets are needed, expand " "icmp_types to a list of those packet types. Type " @@ -84321,7 +85365,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58955 +#: book.translate.xml:59072 msgid "" "Since Unix traceroute uses UDP by " "default, another rule is needed to allow Unix traceroute:" @@ -84328,7 +85372,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58959 +#: book.translate.xml:59076 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# allow out the default range for traceroute(8):\n" @@ -84336,7 +85380,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58962 +#: book.translate.xml:59079 msgid "" "Since TRACERT.EXE on Microsoft Windows systems uses " "ICMP echo request messages, only the first rule is needed " @@ -84348,12 +85392,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:58972 +#: book.translate.xml:59089 msgid "Path MTU Discovery" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:58974 +#: book.translate.xml:59091 msgid "" "Internet protocols are designed to be device independent, and one " "consequence of device independence is that the optimal packet size for a " @@ -84365,7 +85409,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:58985 +#: book.translate.xml:59102 msgid "" "TCP/IP uses a process known as path MTU discovery to determine the right packet size for a connection. This " @@ -84380,13 +85424,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58999 +#: book.translate.xml:59116 #, no-wrap msgid "icmp_types = \"{ echoreq, unreach }\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:59001 +#: book.translate.xml:59118 msgid "" "Since the pass rule already uses that macro, it does not need to be modified " "in order to support the new ICMP type:" @@ -84393,7 +85437,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:59007 +#: book.translate.xml:59124 msgid "" "PF allows filtering on all variations of " "ICMP types and codes. The list of possible types and " @@ -84404,12 +85448,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:59015 +#: book.translate.xml:59132 msgid "Using Tables" msgstr "使用 Tables" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59017 +#: book.translate.xml:59134 msgid "" "Some types of data are relevant to filtering and redirection at a given " "time, but their definition is too long to be included in the ruleset file. " @@ -84420,13 +85464,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59026 +#: book.translate.xml:59143 #, no-wrap msgid "table <clients> { 192.168.2.0/24, !192.168.2.5 }" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59028 +#: book.translate.xml:59145 msgid "" "In this example, the 192.168.2.0/24 network is part of " "the table, except for the address 192.168.2.5, which is " @@ -84436,7 +85480,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59036 +#: book.translate.xml:59153 #, no-wrap msgid "" "192.168.2.0/24\n" @@ -84444,29 +85488,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59039 +#: book.translate.xml:59156 msgid "To refer to the file, define the table like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59041 +#: book.translate.xml:59158 #, no-wrap msgid "table <clients> persist file \"/etc/clients\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59043 +#: book.translate.xml:59160 msgid "Once the table is defined, it can be referenced by a rule:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59046 +#: book.translate.xml:59163 #, no-wrap msgid "pass inet proto tcp from <clients> to any port $client_out flags S/SA keep state" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59048 +#: book.translate.xml:59165 msgid "" "A table's contents can be manipulated live, using pfctl. " "This example adds another network to the table:" @@ -84473,13 +85517,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:59052 +#: book.translate.xml:59169 #, no-wrap msgid "# pfctl -t clients -T add 192.168.1.0/16" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59054 +#: book.translate.xml:59171 msgid "" "Note that any changes made this way will take affect now, making them ideal " "for testing, but will not survive a power failure or reboot. To make the " @@ -84493,18 +85537,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:59066 +#: book.translate.xml:59183 #, no-wrap msgid "# pfctl -t clients -T replace -f /etc/clients" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:59070 +#: book.translate.xml:59187 msgid "Using Overload Tables to Protect SSH" msgstr "使用 Overload Tables 保護 SSH" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59073 +#: book.translate.xml:59190 msgid "" "Those who run SSH on an external interface have probably " "seen something like this in the authentication logs:" @@ -84511,7 +85555,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59077 +#: book.translate.xml:59194 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Sep 26 03:12:34 skapet sshd[25771]: Failed password for root from 200.72.41.31 port 40992 ssh2\n" @@ -84523,7 +85567,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59084 +#: book.translate.xml:59201 msgid "" "This is indicative of a brute force attack where somebody or some program is " "trying to discover the user name and password which will let them into the " @@ -84531,7 +85575,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59088 +#: book.translate.xml:59205 msgid "" "If external SSH access is needed for legitimate users, " "changing the default port used by SSH can offer some " @@ -84543,19 +85587,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59098 +#: book.translate.xml:59215 msgid "" "To configure this, create this table in the tables section of the ruleset:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59101 +#: book.translate.xml:59218 #, no-wrap msgid "table <bruteforce> persist" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59103 +#: book.translate.xml:59220 msgid "" "Then, somewhere early in the ruleset, add rules to block brute access while " "allowing legitimate access:" @@ -84562,7 +85606,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59106 +#: book.translate.xml:59223 #, no-wrap msgid "" "block quick from <bruteforce>\n" @@ -84573,7 +85617,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59112 +#: book.translate.xml:59229 msgid "" "The part in parentheses defines the limits and the numbers should be changed " "to meet local requirements. It can be read as follows:" @@ -84580,7 +85624,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59116 +#: book.translate.xml:59233 msgid "" "max-src-conn is the number of simultaneous connections " "allowed from one host." @@ -84587,7 +85631,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59119 +#: book.translate.xml:59236 msgid "" "max-src-conn-rate is the rate of new connections allowed " "from any single host (15) per number of seconds " @@ -84595,7 +85639,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59124 +#: book.translate.xml:59241 msgid "" "overload <bruteforce> means that any host which " "exceeds these limits gets its address added to the bruteforceflush global says that when a host reaches the " "limit, that all (global) of that host's connections will " @@ -84612,7 +85656,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:59136 +#: book.translate.xml:59253 msgid "" "These rules will not block slow bruteforcers, as " "described in SSH, and it is not always " @@ -84653,7 +85697,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:59162 +#: book.translate.xml:59279 msgid "" "For example, an overload rule could be used to protect a mail service or a " "web service, and the overload table could be used in a rule to assign " @@ -84662,7 +85706,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59169 +#: book.translate.xml:59286 msgid "" "Over time, tables will be filled by overload rules and their size will grow " "incrementally, taking up more memory. Sometimes an IP " @@ -84672,7 +85716,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59176 +#: book.translate.xml:59293 msgid "" "For situations like these, pfctl provides the " "ability to expire table entries. For example, this command will remove " @@ -84681,13 +85725,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:59183 +#: book.translate.xml:59300 #, no-wrap msgid "# pfctl -t bruteforce -T expire 86400" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59185 +#: book.translate.xml:59302 msgid "" "Similar functionality is provided by security/expiretable, which removes table entries which have not been accessed for a " @@ -84695,7 +85739,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59190 +#: book.translate.xml:59307 msgid "" "Once installed, expiretable can be run to remove " "<bruteforce> table entries older than a specified " @@ -84703,18 +85747,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59195 +#: book.translate.xml:59312 #, no-wrap msgid "/usr/local/sbin/expiretable -v -d -t 24h bruteforce" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:59199 +#: book.translate.xml:59316 msgid "Protecting Against SPAM" msgstr "SPAM 防護" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59201 +#: book.translate.xml:59318 msgid "" "Not to be confused with the spamd daemon which " "comes bundled with spamassassin, mail/" @@ -84725,7 +85769,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59211 +#: book.translate.xml:59328 msgid "" "Spammers tend to send a large number of messages, and SPAM is mainly sent from a few spammer friendly networks and a large " @@ -84734,7 +85778,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59217 +#: book.translate.xml:59334 msgid "" "When an SMTP connection from an address in a blacklist is " "received, spamd presents its banner and " @@ -84746,7 +85790,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59229 +#: book.translate.xml:59346 msgid "" "This example demonstrates the basic procedure for setting up " "spamd with automatically updated blacklists. " @@ -84755,12 +85799,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:59236 +#: book.translate.xml:59353 msgid "Configuring spamd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59239 +#: book.translate.xml:59356 msgid "" "Install the mail/spamd package or port. In order to use " "spamd's greylisting features, " @@ -84770,29 +85814,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59246 +#: book.translate.xml:59363 #, no-wrap msgid " fdescfs /dev/fd fdescfs rw 0 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59248 +#: book.translate.xml:59365 msgid "Then, mount the filesystem:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59250 +#: book.translate.xml:59367 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount fdescfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59254 +#: book.translate.xml:59371 msgid "Next, edit the PF ruleset to include:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59257 +#: book.translate.xml:59374 #, no-wrap msgid "" "table <spamd> persist\n" @@ -84804,7 +85848,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59264 +#: book.translate.xml:59381 msgid "" "The two tables <spamd> and <spamd-" "white> are essential. SMTP traffic from an " @@ -84814,7 +85858,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59274 +#: book.translate.xml:59391 msgid "" "The next step is to configure spamd in /" "usr/local/etc/spamd.conf and to add some rc.confmail/spamd includes a sample " "configuration file (/usr/local/etc/spamd.conf.sample) " @@ -84831,7 +85875,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59286 +#: book.translate.xml:59403 msgid "" "One of the first lines in the configuration file that does not begin with a " "# comment sign contains the block which defines the " @@ -84839,7 +85883,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59292 +#: book.translate.xml:59409 #, no-wrap msgid "" "all:\\\n" @@ -84847,7 +85891,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59295 +#: book.translate.xml:59412 msgid "" "This entry adds the desired blacklists, separated by colons (:). To use a whitelist to subtract addresses from a blacklist, add " @@ -84856,12 +85900,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59302 +#: book.translate.xml:59419 msgid "This is followed by the specified blacklist's definition:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59305 +#: book.translate.xml:59422 #, no-wrap msgid "" "traplist:\\\n" @@ -84872,7 +85916,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59311 +#: book.translate.xml:59428 msgid "" "where the first line is the name of the blacklist and the second line " "specifies the list type. The msg field contains the " @@ -84887,7 +85931,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59326 +#: book.translate.xml:59443 msgid "" "The definition of the specified whitelist is similar, but omits the " "msg field since a message is not needed:" @@ -84894,7 +85938,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59330 +#: book.translate.xml:59447 #, no-wrap msgid "" "whitelist:\\\n" @@ -84904,12 +85948,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/title -#: book.translate.xml:59336 +#: book.translate.xml:59453 msgid "Choose Data Sources with Care" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:59338 +#: book.translate.xml:59455 msgid "" "Using all the blacklists in the sample spamd.conf will " "blacklist large blocks of the Internet. Administrators need to edit the file " @@ -84918,7 +85962,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59346 +#: book.translate.xml:59463 msgid "" "Next, add this entry to /etc/rc.conf. Additional flags " "are described in the man page specified by the comment:" @@ -84925,13 +85969,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59351 +#: book.translate.xml:59468 #, no-wrap msgid "spamd_flags=\"-v\" # use \"\" and see spamd-setup(8) for flags" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59353 +#: book.translate.xml:59470 msgid "" "When finished, reload the ruleset, start spamd by " "typing service start obspamd, and complete the " @@ -84942,7 +85986,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59363 +#: book.translate.xml:59480 msgid "" "On a typical gateway in front of a mail server, hosts will soon start " "getting trapped within a few seconds to several minutes." @@ -84949,7 +85993,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59367 +#: book.translate.xml:59484 msgid "" "PF also supports greylisting, which temporarily rejects messages from unknown hosts with " @@ -84960,7 +86004,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59376 +#: book.translate.xml:59493 msgid "" "More information about greylisting as a technique can be found at the greylisting.org web site. " @@ -84970,17 +86014,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59383 +#: book.translate.xml:59500 msgid "The basic procedure for configuring greylisting is as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:59387 +#: book.translate.xml:59504 msgid "Configuring Greylisting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59390 +#: book.translate.xml:59507 msgid "" "Make sure that fdescfs5 is mounted as " @@ -84988,7 +86032,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59395 +#: book.translate.xml:59512 msgid "" "To run spamd in greylisting mode, add this line " "to /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -84995,13 +86039,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59399 +#: book.translate.xml:59516 #, no-wrap msgid "spamd_grey=\"YES\" # use spamd greylisting if YES" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59401 +#: book.translate.xml:59518 msgid "" "Refer to the spamd man page for descriptions of " "additional related parameters." @@ -85008,12 +86052,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59407 +#: book.translate.xml:59524 msgid "To complete the greylisting setup:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59409 +#: book.translate.xml:59526 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service restart obspamd\n" @@ -85021,7 +86065,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59414 +#: book.translate.xml:59531 msgid "" "Behind the scenes, the spamdb database tool and " "the spamlogd whitelist updater perform essential " @@ -85031,12 +86075,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:59424 +#: book.translate.xml:59541 msgid "Network Hygiene" msgstr "網路保健" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59426 +#: book.translate.xml:59543 msgid "" "This section describes how block-policy, scrub, and antispoof can be used to make the ruleset " @@ -85044,7 +86088,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59431 +#: book.translate.xml:59548 msgid "" "The block-policy is an option which can be set in the " "options part of the ruleset, which precedes the " @@ -85056,7 +86100,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59442 +#: book.translate.xml:59559 msgid "" "If not set, the default policy is drop. To change the " "block-policy, specify the desired value:" @@ -85063,13 +86107,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59447 +#: book.translate.xml:59564 #, no-wrap msgid "set block-policy return" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59449 +#: book.translate.xml:59566 msgid "" "In PF, scrub is a keyword " "which enables network packet normalization. This process reassembles " @@ -85081,22 +86125,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59459 +#: book.translate.xml:59576 #, no-wrap msgid "scrub in all" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59461 +#: book.translate.xml:59578 msgid "" "Some services, such as NFS, require specific fragment " -"handling options. Refer to http://www.openbsd.gr/faq/pf/scrub.html for more " +"handling options. Refer to https://home.nuug.no/~peter/pf/en/scrub.html for more " "information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59465 +#: book.translate.xml:59582 msgid "" "This example reassembles fragments, clears the do not fragment bit, and sets the maximum segment size to 1440 bytes:" @@ -85103,13 +86147,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59469 +#: book.translate.xml:59586 #, no-wrap msgid "scrub in all fragment reassemble no-df max-mss 1440" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59471 +#: book.translate.xml:59588 msgid "" "The antispoof mechanism protects against activity from " "spoofed or forged IP addresses, mainly by blocking " @@ -85118,7 +86162,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59477 +#: book.translate.xml:59594 msgid "" "These rules weed out spoofed traffic coming in from the rest of the world as " "well as any spoofed packets which originate in the local network:" @@ -85125,7 +86169,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59481 +#: book.translate.xml:59598 #, no-wrap msgid "" "antispoof for $ext_if\n" @@ -85133,12 +86177,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:59486 +#: book.translate.xml:59603 msgid "Handling Non-Routable Addresses" msgstr "處理不可路由 (Non-Routable) 的位址" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59488 +#: book.translate.xml:59605 msgid "" "Even with a properly configured gateway to handle network address " "translation, one may have to compensate for other people's " @@ -85150,7 +86194,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59498 +#: book.translate.xml:59615 msgid "" "In this example, a macro containing non-routable addresses is defined, then " "used in blocking rules. Traffic to and from these addresses is quietly " @@ -85158,7 +86202,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59504 +#: book.translate.xml:59621 #, no-wrap msgid "" "martians = \"{ 127.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/16, 172.16.0.0/12, \\\n" @@ -85170,17 +86214,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:59515 +#: book.translate.xml:59632 msgid "IPFW" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59517 +#: book.translate.xml:59634 msgid "firewall IPFW" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:59523 +#: book.translate.xml:59640 msgid "" "IPFW is a stateful firewall written for FreeBSD " "which supports both IPv4 and IPv6. It " @@ -85192,7 +86236,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:59532 +#: book.translate.xml:59649 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides a sample ruleset in /etc/rc.firewall " "which defines several firewall types for common scenarios to assist novice " @@ -85202,7 +86246,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:59540 +#: book.translate.xml:59657 msgid "" "This section describes how to enable IPFW, " "provides an overview of its rule syntax, and demonstrates several rulesets " @@ -85210,12 +86254,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:59546 +#: book.translate.xml:59663 msgid "Enabling IPFW" msgstr "開啟 IPFW" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59548 +#: book.translate.xml:59665 msgid "" "IPFW enabling" @@ -85222,7 +86266,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59554 +#: book.translate.xml:59671 msgid "" "IPFW is included in the basic FreeBSD install as " "a kernel loadable module, meaning that a custom kernel is not needed in " @@ -85230,18 +86274,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59559 +#: book.translate.xml:59676 msgid "kernel options IPFIREWALL" msgstr "核心選項 IPFIREWALL" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59565 +#: book.translate.xml:59682 msgid "" "kernel options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE" msgstr "核心選項 IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59571 +#: book.translate.xml:59688 msgid "" "kernel options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT" @@ -85249,7 +86293,7 @@ "核心選項 IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59577 +#: book.translate.xml:59694 msgid "" "IPFW kernel " "options" @@ -85256,7 +86300,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59583 +#: book.translate.xml:59700 msgid "" "For those users who wish to statically compile IPFW support into a custom kernel, refer to the instructions in " @@ -85265,7 +86309,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59589 +#: book.translate.xml:59706 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options IPFIREWALL\t\t\t# enables IPFW\n" @@ -85276,7 +86320,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59595 +#: book.translate.xml:59712 msgid "" "To configure the system to enable IPFW at boot " "time, add the following entry to /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -85283,13 +86327,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59599 +#: book.translate.xml:59716 #, no-wrap msgid "firewall_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59601 +#: book.translate.xml:59718 msgid "" "To use one of the default firewall types provided by FreeBSD, add another " "line which specifies the type:" @@ -85296,33 +86340,33 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59604 +#: book.translate.xml:59721 #, no-wrap msgid "firewall_type=\"open\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59606 +#: book.translate.xml:59723 msgid "The available types are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59610 +#: book.translate.xml:59727 msgid "open: passes all traffic." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59613 +#: book.translate.xml:59730 msgid "client: protects only this machine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59617 +#: book.translate.xml:59734 msgid "simple: protects the whole network." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59621 +#: book.translate.xml:59738 msgid "" "closed: entirely disables IP traffic except for the " "loopback interface." @@ -85329,7 +86373,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59625 +#: book.translate.xml:59742 msgid "" "workstation: protects only this machine using stateful " "rules." @@ -85336,12 +86380,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59629 +#: book.translate.xml:59746 msgid "UNKNOWN: disables the loading of firewall rules." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59633 +#: book.translate.xml:59750 msgid "" "filename: full path of the " "file containing the firewall ruleset." @@ -85348,7 +86392,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59639 +#: book.translate.xml:59756 msgid "" "If firewall_type is set to either client or simple, modify the default rules found in " @@ -85356,7 +86400,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59645 +#: book.translate.xml:59762 msgid "" "Note that the filename type is used to load a custom " "ruleset." @@ -85363,7 +86407,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59648 +#: book.translate.xml:59765 msgid "" "An alternate way to load a custom ruleset is to set the " "firewall_script variable to the absolute path of an " @@ -85374,24 +86418,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59656 +#: book.translate.xml:59773 #, no-wrap msgid "firewall_script=\"/etc/ipfw.rules\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59658 +#: book.translate.xml:59775 msgid "To enable logging, include this line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59660 +#: book.translate.xml:59777 #, no-wrap msgid "firewall_logging=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59662 +#: book.translate.xml:59779 msgid "" "There is no /etc/rc.conf variable to set logging " "limits. To limit the number of times a rule is logged per connection " @@ -85400,13 +86444,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59667 +#: book.translate.xml:59784 #, no-wrap msgid "net.inet.ip.fw.verbose_limit=5" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59669 +#: book.translate.xml:59786 msgid "" "After saving the needed edits, start the firewall. To enable logging limits " "now, also set the sysctl value specified above:" @@ -85413,7 +86457,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:59673 +#: book.translate.xml:59790 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service ipfw start\n" @@ -85421,12 +86465,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:59678 +#: book.translate.xml:59795 msgid "IPFW Rule Syntax" msgstr "IPFW 規則語法" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59680 +#: book.translate.xml:59797 msgid "" "IPFW rule " "processing order" @@ -85433,7 +86477,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59686 +#: book.translate.xml:59803 msgid "" "When a packet enters the IPFW firewall, it is " "compared against the first rule in the ruleset and progresses one rule at a " @@ -85451,7 +86495,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59702 +#: book.translate.xml:59819 msgid "" "IPFW rule syntax" @@ -85458,7 +86502,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59708 +#: book.translate.xml:59825 msgid "" "When creating an IPFW rule, keywords must be " "written in the following order. Some keywords are mandatory while other " @@ -85469,7 +86513,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59718 +#: book.translate.xml:59835 msgid "" "CMD RULE_NUMBER set SET_NUMBER ACTION log LOG_AMOUNT PROTO from " "SRC SRC_PORT to DST DST_PORT OPTIONS" @@ -85476,7 +86520,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59722 +#: book.translate.xml:59839 msgid "" "This section provides an overview of these keywords and their options. It is " "not an exhaustive list of every possible option. Refer to " @@ -85486,22 +86530,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59730 +#: book.translate.xml:59847 msgid "CMD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59732 +#: book.translate.xml:59849 msgid "Every rule must start with ipfw add." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59738 +#: book.translate.xml:59855 msgid "RULE_NUMBER" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59740 +#: book.translate.xml:59857 msgid "" "Each rule is associated with a number from 1 to " "65534. The number is used to indicate the order of rule " @@ -85510,12 +86554,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59751 +#: book.translate.xml:59868 msgid "SET_NUMBER" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59753 +#: book.translate.xml:59870 msgid "" "Each rule is associated with a set number from 0 to " "31. Sets can be individually disabled or enabled, making " @@ -85524,12 +86568,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59763 book.translate.xml:60741 +#: book.translate.xml:59880 book.translate.xml:60858 msgid "ACTION" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59765 +#: book.translate.xml:59882 msgid "" "A rule can be associated with one of the following actions. The specified " "action will be executed when the packet matches the selection criterion of " @@ -85537,7 +86581,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59770 +#: book.translate.xml:59887 msgid "" "allow | accept | pass | permit: these keywords are " "equivalent and allow packets that match the rule." @@ -85544,7 +86588,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59774 +#: book.translate.xml:59891 msgid "" "check-state: checks the packet against the dynamic " "state table. If a match is found, execute the action associated with the " @@ -85556,7 +86600,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59785 +#: book.translate.xml:59902 msgid "" "count: updates counters for all packets that match " "the rule. The search continues with the next rule." @@ -85563,7 +86607,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59789 +#: book.translate.xml:59906 msgid "" "deny | drop: either word silently discards packets " "that match this rule." @@ -85570,7 +86614,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59792 +#: book.translate.xml:59909 msgid "" "Additional actions are available. Refer to " "ipfw8log keyword, a " "message will be logged to syslogd/etc/protocols." @@ -85618,12 +86662,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59833 +#: book.translate.xml:59950 msgid "SRC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59835 +#: book.translate.xml:59952 msgid "" "The from keyword must be followed by the source address " "or a keyword that represents the source address. An address can be " @@ -85638,12 +86682,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59853 book.translate.xml:60877 +#: book.translate.xml:59970 book.translate.xml:60994 msgid "SRC_PORT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59855 +#: book.translate.xml:59972 msgid "" "An optional source port can be specified using the port number or name from " "/etc/services." @@ -85650,12 +86694,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59862 +#: book.translate.xml:59979 msgid "DST" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59864 +#: book.translate.xml:59981 msgid "" "The to keyword must be followed by the destination " "address or a keyword that represents the destination address. The same " @@ -85664,12 +86708,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59873 book.translate.xml:60914 +#: book.translate.xml:59990 book.translate.xml:61031 msgid "DST_PORT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59875 +#: book.translate.xml:59992 msgid "" "An optional destination port can be specified using the port number or name " "from /etc/services." @@ -85676,12 +86720,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59882 book.translate.xml:60793 +#: book.translate.xml:59999 book.translate.xml:60910 msgid "OPTIONS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59884 +#: book.translate.xml:60001 msgid "" "Several keywords can follow the source and destination. As the name " "suggests, OPTIONS are optional. Commonly used options include inkeep-state rule is matched, the firewall will " "create a dynamic rule which matches bidirectional traffic between the source " @@ -85699,7 +86743,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59899 +#: book.translate.xml:60016 msgid "" "The dynamic rules facility is vulnerable to resource depletion from a SYN-" "flood attack which would open a huge number of dynamic rules. To counter " @@ -85712,7 +86756,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59911 +#: book.translate.xml:60028 msgid "" "Dozens of OPTIONS are available. Refer to ipfw8 for a description of " @@ -85720,12 +86764,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:59920 book.translate.xml:60993 +#: book.translate.xml:60037 book.translate.xml:61110 msgid "Example Ruleset" msgstr "範例規則集" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59922 +#: book.translate.xml:60039 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to create an example stateful firewall ruleset " "script named /etc/ipfw.rules. In this example, all " @@ -85736,7 +86780,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:59932 +#: book.translate.xml:60049 msgid "" "When first creating or testing a firewall ruleset, consider temporarily " "setting this tunable:" @@ -85743,13 +86787,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59935 +#: book.translate.xml:60052 #, no-wrap msgid "net.inet.ip.fw.default_to_accept=\"1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:59937 +#: book.translate.xml:60054 msgid "" "This sets the default policy of ipfw8 to be more permissive " @@ -85758,7 +86802,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59943 +#: book.translate.xml:60060 msgid "" "The firewall script begins by indicating that it is a Bourne shell script " "and flushes any existing rules. It then creates the cmd " @@ -85769,7 +86813,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59951 +#: book.translate.xml:60068 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -85782,7 +86826,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59959 +#: book.translate.xml:60076 msgid "" "The first two rules allow all traffic on the trusted internal interface and " "on the loopback interface:" @@ -85789,7 +86833,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59962 +#: book.translate.xml:60079 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Change xl0 to LAN NIC interface name\n" @@ -85800,7 +86844,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59968 +#: book.translate.xml:60085 msgid "" "The next rule allows the packet through if it matches an existing entry in " "the dynamic rules table:" @@ -85807,13 +86851,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59971 +#: book.translate.xml:60088 #, no-wrap msgid "$cmd 00101 check-state" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59973 +#: book.translate.xml:60090 msgid "" "The next set of rules defines which stateful connections internal systems " "can create to hosts on the Internet:" @@ -85820,7 +86864,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59976 +#: book.translate.xml:60093 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Allow access to public DNS\n" @@ -85847,7 +86891,7 @@ "$cmd 00250 allow icmp from any to any out via $pif keep-state\n" "\n" "# Allow outbound NTP\n" -"$cmd 00260 allow udp from any to any 123 out via $pif setup keep-state\n" +"$cmd 00260 allow udp from any to any 123 out via $pif keep-state\n" "\n" "# Allow outbound SSH\n" "$cmd 00280 allow tcp from any to any 22 out via $pif setup keep-state\n" @@ -85857,7 +86901,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60008 +#: book.translate.xml:60125 msgid "" "The next set of rules controls connections from Internet hosts to the " "internal network. It starts by denying packets typically associated with " @@ -85867,7 +86911,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60015 +#: book.translate.xml:60132 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Deny all inbound traffic from non-routable reserved address spaces\n" @@ -85914,7 +86958,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60057 +#: book.translate.xml:60174 msgid "" "The last rule logs all packets that do not match any of the rules in the " "ruleset:" @@ -85921,7 +86965,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60060 +#: book.translate.xml:60177 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Everything else is denied and logged\n" @@ -85930,12 +86974,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: info/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:60066 book.translate.xml:61147 +#: book.translate.xml:60183 book.translate.xml:61264 msgid "Configuring NAT" msgstr "設定 NAT" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60078 +#: book.translate.xml:60195 msgid "" "NAT and IPFW" @@ -85942,7 +86986,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60084 +#: book.translate.xml:60201 msgid "" "FreeBSD's built-in NAT daemon, " "natd8NICs, where one is " @@ -85967,7 +87011,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60104 +#: book.translate.xml:60221 msgid "" "Some additional configuration is needed in order to activate the " "NAT function of IPFW. If the " @@ -85977,7 +87021,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60111 +#: book.translate.xml:60228 msgid "" "To enable NAT support at boot time, the following must be " "in /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -85984,7 +87028,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60114 +#: book.translate.xml:60231 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gateway_enable=\"YES\"\t\t# enables the gateway\n" @@ -85994,7 +87038,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:60120 +#: book.translate.xml:60237 msgid "" "It is also possible to specify a configuration file which contains the " "options to pass to natdnatd8NAT rules to the firewall ruleset. When the " "rulest contains stateful rules, the positioning of the NATNAT rule is inserted after the two rules which allow all traffic on the trusted internal " @@ -86077,7 +87121,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60169 +#: book.translate.xml:60286 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$cmd 005 allow all from any to any via xl0 # exclude LAN traffic\n" @@ -86088,7 +87132,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60175 +#: book.translate.xml:60292 msgid "" "The outbound rules are modified to replace the allow " "action with the $skip variable, indicating that rule " @@ -86099,7 +87143,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60184 +#: book.translate.xml:60301 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Authorized outbound packets\n" @@ -86110,7 +87154,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60190 +#: book.translate.xml:60307 msgid "" "The inbound rules remain the same, except for the very last rule which " "removes the via $pif in order to catch both inbound and " @@ -86125,7 +87169,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60203 +#: book.translate.xml:60320 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$cmd 499 deny log all from any to any\n" @@ -86134,7 +87178,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60207 +#: book.translate.xml:60324 msgid "" "In this example, rules 100, 101, " "125, 500, and 510 " @@ -86144,7 +87188,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60215 +#: book.translate.xml:60332 msgid "" "Consider an internal web browser which initializes a new outbound " "HTTP session over port 80. When the first outbound packet " @@ -86167,7 +87211,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60239 +#: book.translate.xml:60356 msgid "" "On the inbound side, the ruleset has to deny bad packets and allow only " "authorized services. A packet which matches an inbound rule is posted to the " @@ -86179,12 +87223,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:60251 +#: book.translate.xml:60368 msgid "Port Redirection" msgstr "Port 重新導向" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60253 +#: book.translate.xml:60370 msgid "" "The drawback with natd8 is that the " @@ -86198,7 +87242,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60263 +#: book.translate.xml:60380 msgid "" "For example, an IRC server runs on client A and a web server runs on client B. For " @@ -86208,12 +87252,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60270 +#: book.translate.xml:60387 msgid "The syntax for is as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60273 +#: book.translate.xml:60390 #, no-wrap msgid "" " -redirect_port proto targetIP:targetPORT[-targetPORT]\n" @@ -86222,12 +87266,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60277 +#: book.translate.xml:60394 msgid "In the above example, the argument should be:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60279 +#: book.translate.xml:60396 #, no-wrap msgid "" " -redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.2:6667 6667\n" @@ -86235,7 +87279,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60282 +#: book.translate.xml:60399 msgid "" "This redirects the proper TCP ports to the LAN client machines." @@ -86242,7 +87286,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60285 +#: book.translate.xml:60402 msgid "" "Port ranges over individual ports can be indicated with . For example, tcp 192.168.0.2:2000-3000 " @@ -86251,7 +87295,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60292 +#: book.translate.xml:60409 msgid "" "These options can be used when directly running " "natd8natd8address redirection" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60309 +#: book.translate.xml:60426 msgid "" "Address redirection is useful if more than one IP address " "is available. Each LAN client can be assigned its own " @@ -86301,23 +87345,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60327 +#: book.translate.xml:60444 msgid "The syntax is as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60330 +#: book.translate.xml:60447 #, no-wrap msgid "-redirect_address localIP publicIP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:60337 +#: book.translate.xml:60454 msgid "localIP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:60338 +#: book.translate.xml:60455 msgid "" "The internal IP address of the LAN " "client." @@ -86324,12 +87368,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:60343 +#: book.translate.xml:60460 msgid "publicIP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:60344 +#: book.translate.xml:60461 msgid "" "The external IP address corresponding to the " "LAN client." @@ -86336,12 +87380,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60352 +#: book.translate.xml:60469 msgid "In the example, this argument would read:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60354 +#: book.translate.xml:60471 #, no-wrap msgid "" "-redirect_address 192.168.0.2 128.1.1.2\n" @@ -86349,7 +87393,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60357 +#: book.translate.xml:60474 msgid "" "Like , these arguments are placed within the " "natd_flags=\"\" option of /etc/rc.confIP addresses on the " "natd8IPFW Command" msgstr "IPFW 指令" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60375 +#: book.translate.xml:60492 msgid "ipfw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60377 +#: book.translate.xml:60494 msgid "" "ipfw can be used to make manual, single rule additions or " "deletions to the active firewall while it is running. The problem with using " @@ -86390,7 +87434,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60386 +#: book.translate.xml:60503 msgid "" "ipfw is a useful way to display the running firewall " "rules to the console screen. The IPFW accounting " @@ -86401,18 +87445,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60394 +#: book.translate.xml:60511 msgid "To list all the running rules in sequence:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60396 +#: book.translate.xml:60513 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60398 +#: book.translate.xml:60515 msgid "" "To list all the running rules with a time stamp of when the last time the " "rule was matched:" @@ -86419,13 +87463,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60401 +#: book.translate.xml:60518 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw -t list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60403 +#: book.translate.xml:60520 msgid "" "The next example lists accounting information and the packet count for " "matched rules along with the rules themselves. The first column is the rule " @@ -86434,46 +87478,46 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60409 +#: book.translate.xml:60526 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw -a list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60411 +#: book.translate.xml:60528 msgid "To list dynamic rules in addition to static rules:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60413 +#: book.translate.xml:60530 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw -d list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60415 +#: book.translate.xml:60532 msgid "To also show the expired dynamic rules:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60417 +#: book.translate.xml:60534 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw -d -e list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60419 +#: book.translate.xml:60536 msgid "To zero the counters:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60421 +#: book.translate.xml:60538 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw zero" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60423 +#: book.translate.xml:60540 msgid "" "To zero the counters for just the rule with number NUM:" @@ -86480,18 +87524,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60426 +#: book.translate.xml:60543 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw zero NUM" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:60429 +#: book.translate.xml:60546 msgid "Logging Firewall Messages" msgstr "記錄防火牆訊息" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60431 +#: book.translate.xml:60548 msgid "" "IPFW logging" @@ -86498,7 +87542,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60437 +#: book.translate.xml:60554 msgid "" "Even with the logging facility enabled, IPFW will " "not generate any rule logging on its own. The firewall administrator decides " @@ -86511,7 +87555,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60449 +#: book.translate.xml:60566 msgid "" "Logging is a two edged sword. If one is not careful, an over abundance of " "log data or a DoS attack can fill the disk with log files. Log messages are " @@ -86520,7 +87564,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60455 +#: book.translate.xml:60572 msgid "" "The IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=5 kernel option limits the " "number of consecutive messages sent to syslogd/var/log/" "security, which is defined in /etc/syslog.confIPFW users create a file " "containing the rules and code them in a manner compatible with running them " @@ -86566,7 +87610,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60489 +#: book.translate.xml:60606 msgid "" "This example script is compatible with the syntax used by the " "sh1/etc/ipfw.rules, the rules " "could be reloaded by the following command:" @@ -86619,13 +87663,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60522 +#: book.translate.xml:60639 #, no-wrap msgid "# sh /etc/ipfw.rules" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60524 +#: book.translate.xml:60641 msgid "" "/etc/ipfw.rules can be located anywhere and the file " "can have any name." @@ -86632,12 +87676,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60527 +#: book.translate.xml:60644 msgid "The same thing could be accomplished by running these commands by hand:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60530 +#: book.translate.xml:60647 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ipfw -q -f flush\n" @@ -86650,12 +87694,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:60542 +#: book.translate.xml:60659 msgid "IPFILTER (IPF)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60544 +#: book.translate.xml:60661 msgid "" "firewall IPFILTER" @@ -86662,7 +87706,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:60550 +#: book.translate.xml:60667 msgid "" "IPFILTER, also known as IPF, is a cross-platform, open source firewall which has been " @@ -86671,7 +87715,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:60555 +#: book.translate.xml:60672 msgid "" "IPFILTER is a kernel-side firewall and " "NAT mechanism that can be controlled and monitored by " @@ -86685,7 +87729,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:60567 +#: book.translate.xml:60684 msgid "" "IPF was originally written using a rule " "processing logic of the last matching rule wins and only used " @@ -86695,7 +87739,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:60574 +#: book.translate.xml:60691 msgid "" "The IPF FAQ is at http://www.phildev.net/ipf/index.html. A " @@ -86704,7 +87748,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:60578 +#: book.translate.xml:60695 msgid "" "This section of the Handbook focuses on IPF as it " "pertains to FreeBSD. It provides examples of rules that contain the " @@ -86712,12 +87756,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:60585 +#: book.translate.xml:60702 msgid "Enabling IPF" msgstr "開啟 IPF" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60587 +#: book.translate.xml:60704 msgid "" "IPFILTER enabling" @@ -86724,7 +87768,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60593 +#: book.translate.xml:60710 msgid "" "IPF is included in the basic FreeBSD install as a " "kernel loadable module, meaning that a custom kernel is not needed in order " @@ -86732,7 +87776,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60598 +#: book.translate.xml:60715 msgid "" "kernel options IPFILTER" @@ -86741,12 +87785,12 @@ "secondary>" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60604 +#: book.translate.xml:60721 msgid "kernel options IPFILTER_LOG" msgstr "核心選項 IPFILTER_LOG" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60610 +#: book.translate.xml:60727 msgid "" "kernel options IPFILTER_DEFAULT_BLOCK" @@ -86754,7 +87798,7 @@ "核心選項 IPFILTER_DEFAULT_BLOCK" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60616 +#: book.translate.xml:60733 msgid "" "IPFILTER kernel " "options" @@ -86761,7 +87805,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60622 +#: book.translate.xml:60739 msgid "" "For users who prefer to statically compile IPF " "support into a custom kernel, refer to the instructions in options IPFILTER enables support for " "IPFILTER, options IPFILTER_LOG " @@ -86793,7 +87837,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60645 +#: book.translate.xml:60762 msgid "" "To configure the system to enable IPF at boot " "time, add the following entries to /etc/rc.conf. These " @@ -86804,7 +87848,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60654 +#: book.translate.xml:60771 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ipfilter_enable=\"YES\" # Start ipf firewall\n" @@ -86817,13 +87861,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60662 +#: book.translate.xml:60779 msgid "" "If NAT functionality is needed, also add these lines:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60665 +#: book.translate.xml:60782 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gateway_enable=\"YES\" # Enable as LAN gateway\n" @@ -86832,18 +87876,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60669 +#: book.translate.xml:60786 msgid "Then, to start IPF now:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60671 +#: book.translate.xml:60788 #, no-wrap msgid "# service ipfilter start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60673 +#: book.translate.xml:60790 msgid "" "To load the firewall rules, specify the name of the ruleset file using " "ipf. The following command can be used to replace the " @@ -86851,13 +87895,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60678 +#: book.translate.xml:60795 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipf -Fa -f /etc/ipf.rules" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60680 +#: book.translate.xml:60797 msgid "" "where flushes all the internal rules tables and " " specifies the file containing the rules to load." @@ -86864,7 +87908,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60684 +#: book.translate.xml:60801 msgid "" "This provides the ability to make changes to a custom ruleset and update the " "running firewall with a fresh copy of the rules without having to reboot the " @@ -86873,7 +87917,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60690 +#: book.translate.xml:60807 msgid "" "Refer to ipf8 for details on the other flags available with this " @@ -86881,12 +87925,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:60695 +#: book.translate.xml:60812 msgid "IPF Rule Syntax" msgstr "IPF 規則語法" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60697 +#: book.translate.xml:60814 msgid "" "IPFILTER rule " "syntax" @@ -86893,7 +87937,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60703 +#: book.translate.xml:60820 msgid "" "This section describes the IPF rule syntax used " "to create stateful rules. When creating rules, keep in mind that unless the " @@ -86906,7 +87950,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60714 +#: book.translate.xml:60831 msgid "" "When creating rules, a # character is used to mark the " "start of a comment and may appear at the end of a rule, to explain that " @@ -86914,7 +87958,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60719 +#: book.translate.xml:60836 msgid "" "The keywords which are used in rules must be written in a specific order, " "from left to right. Some keywords are mandatory while others are optional. " @@ -86925,7 +87969,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60728 +#: book.translate.xml:60845 msgid "" "ACTION DIRECTION OPTIONS proto PROTO_TYPE from SRC_ADDR " "SRC_PORT to DST_ADDR DST_PORT TCP_FLAG|ICMP_TYPE keep state STATEmust have an action. The following " @@ -86952,22 +87996,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60748 +#: book.translate.xml:60865 msgid "block: drops the packet." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60750 +#: book.translate.xml:60867 msgid "pass: allows the packet." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60752 +#: book.translate.xml:60869 msgid "log: generates a log record." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60755 +#: book.translate.xml:60872 msgid "" "count: counts the number of packets and bytes which can " "provide an indication of how often a rule is used." @@ -86974,7 +88018,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60759 +#: book.translate.xml:60876 msgid "" "auth: queues the packet for further processing by another " "program." @@ -86981,7 +88025,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60762 +#: book.translate.xml:60879 msgid "" "call: provides access to functions built into " "IPF that allow more complex actions." @@ -86988,7 +88032,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60766 +#: book.translate.xml:60883 msgid "" "decapsulate: removes any headers in order to process the " "contents of the packet." @@ -86995,12 +88039,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:60772 +#: book.translate.xml:60889 msgid "DIRECTION" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60774 +#: book.translate.xml:60891 msgid "" "Next, each rule must explicitly state the direction of traffic using one of " "these keywords:" @@ -87007,22 +88051,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60777 +#: book.translate.xml:60894 msgid "in: the rule is applied against an inbound packet." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60780 +#: book.translate.xml:60897 msgid "out: the rule is applied against an outbound packet." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60783 +#: book.translate.xml:60900 msgid "all: the rule applies to either direction." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60786 +#: book.translate.xml:60903 msgid "" "If the system has multiple interfaces, the interface can be specified along " "with the direction. An example would be in on fxp0." @@ -87029,7 +88073,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60795 +#: book.translate.xml:60912 msgid "" "Options are optional. However, if multiple options are specified, they must " "be used in the order shown here." @@ -87036,7 +88080,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60799 +#: book.translate.xml:60916 msgid "" "log: when performing the specified ACTION, the contents " "of the packet's headers will be written to the " @@ -87045,7 +88089,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60804 +#: book.translate.xml:60921 msgid "" "quick: if a packet matches this rule, the ACTION " "specified by the rule occurs and no further processing of any following " @@ -87053,7 +88097,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60809 +#: book.translate.xml:60926 msgid "" "on: must be followed by the interface name as displayed " "by ifconfig8log keyword, the following qualifiers may " "be used in this order:" @@ -87069,7 +88113,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60818 +#: book.translate.xml:60935 msgid "" "body: indicates that the first 128 bytes of the packet " "contents will be logged after the headers." @@ -87076,7 +88120,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60822 +#: book.translate.xml:60939 msgid "" "first: if the log keyword is being " "used in conjunction with a keep state option, this option " @@ -87085,7 +88129,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60829 +#: book.translate.xml:60946 msgid "" "Additional options are available to specify error return messages. Refer to " "ipf5from keyword is mandatory and is followed by a " "keyword which represents the source of the packet. The source can be a " @@ -87127,7 +88171,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60865 +#: book.translate.xml:60982 msgid "" "There is no way to match ranges of IP addresses which do " "not express themselves easily using the dotted numeric form / mask-length " @@ -87138,7 +88182,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60879 +#: book.translate.xml:60996 msgid "" "The port number of the source is optional. However, if it is used, it " "requires PROTO_TYPE to be first defined in the rule. The port number must " @@ -87146,7 +88190,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60884 +#: book.translate.xml:61001 msgid "" "A number of different comparison operators are supported: = (equal to), != (not equal to), <<>" " (less than and greater than ), >< " @@ -87165,12 +88209,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:60902 +#: book.translate.xml:61019 msgid "DST_ADDR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60904 +#: book.translate.xml:61021 msgid "" "The to keyword is mandatory and is followed by a keyword " "which represents the destination of the packet. Similar to SRC_ADDR, it can " @@ -87180,7 +88224,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60916 +#: book.translate.xml:61033 msgid "" "Similar to SRC_PORT, the port number of the destination is optional. " "However, if it is used, it requires PROTO_TYPE to be first defined in the " @@ -87189,12 +88233,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:60925 +#: book.translate.xml:61042 msgid "TCP_FLAG|ICMP_TYPE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60927 +#: book.translate.xml:61044 msgid "" "If tcp is specifed as the PROTO_TYPE, flags can be " "specified as letters, where each letter represents one of the possible " @@ -87206,7 +88250,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60941 +#: book.translate.xml:61058 msgid "" "If icmp is specifed as the PROTO_TYPE, the ICMP type to match can be specified. Refer to " @@ -87215,12 +88259,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:60949 +#: book.translate.xml:61066 msgid "STATE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60951 +#: book.translate.xml:61068 msgid "" "If a pass rule contains keep state, " "IPF will add an entry to its dynamic state table " @@ -87232,7 +88276,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60963 +#: book.translate.xml:61080 msgid "" "In IPF, packets destined to go out through the " "interface connected to the public Internet are first checked against the " @@ -87249,7 +88293,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60981 +#: book.translate.xml:61098 msgid "" "Several keywords can be added after keep state. If used, " "these keywords set various options that control stateful filtering, such as " @@ -87259,7 +88303,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60995 +#: book.translate.xml:61112 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to create an example ruleset which only allows " "services matching pass rules and blocks all others." @@ -87266,7 +88310,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60999 +#: book.translate.xml:61116 msgid "" "FreeBSD uses the loopback interface (lo0) and the " "IP address 127.0.0.1LAN interface named xl0:" @@ -87304,7 +88348,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61025 +#: book.translate.xml:61142 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# no restrictions on inside LAN interface for private network\n" @@ -87313,7 +88357,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61029 +#: book.translate.xml:61146 msgid "" "The rules for the public interface's outbound and inbound sections should " "have the most frequently matched rules placed before less commonly matched " @@ -87322,7 +88366,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61035 +#: book.translate.xml:61152 msgid "" "This set of rules defines the outbound section of the public interface named " "dc0. These rules keep state and identify the specific " @@ -87332,7 +88376,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61043 +#: book.translate.xml:61160 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# interface facing Internet (outbound)\n" @@ -87377,7 +88421,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61083 +#: book.translate.xml:61200 msgid "" "This example of the rules in the inbound section of the public interface " "blocks all undesirable packets first. This reduces the number of packets " @@ -87385,7 +88429,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61088 +#: book.translate.xml:61205 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# interface facing Internet (inbound)\n" @@ -87426,7 +88470,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61124 +#: book.translate.xml:61241 msgid "" "Any time there are logged messages on a rule with the log first option, run ipfstat -hio to evaluate how many " @@ -87435,7 +88479,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61130 +#: book.translate.xml:61247 msgid "" "The rest of the rules in the inbound section define which connections are " "allowed to be initiated from the Internet. The last rule denies all " @@ -87444,7 +88488,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61135 +#: book.translate.xml:61252 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Allow traffic in from ISP's DHCP server. Replace z.z.z.z with\n" @@ -87459,22 +88503,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61151 +#: book.translate.xml:61268 msgid "IP masquerading NAT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61157 +#: book.translate.xml:61274 msgid "network address translation NAT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61163 +#: book.translate.xml:61280 msgid "ipnat" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61165 +#: book.translate.xml:61282 msgid "" "To enable NAT, add these statements to /etc/rc." "conf and specify the name of the file containing the " @@ -87482,7 +88526,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61169 +#: book.translate.xml:61286 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gateway_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -87491,7 +88535,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61173 +#: book.translate.xml:61290 msgid "" "NAT rules are flexible and can accomplish many different " "things to fit the needs of both commercial and home users. The rule syntax " @@ -87502,7 +88546,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61179 +#: book.translate.xml:61296 msgid "" "The basic syntax for a NAT rule is as follows, where " "map starts the rule and IF " @@ -87510,13 +88554,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61184 +#: book.translate.xml:61301 #, no-wrap msgid "map IF LAN_IP_RANGE -> PUBLIC_ADDRESS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61186 +#: book.translate.xml:61303 msgid "" "The LAN_IP_RANGE is the range of IP addresses used by internal clients. Usually, it is a private " @@ -87528,7 +88572,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61195 +#: book.translate.xml:61312 msgid "" "In IPF, when a packet arrives at the firewall " "from the LAN with a public destination, it first passes " @@ -87550,7 +88594,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61218 +#: book.translate.xml:61335 msgid "" "For networks that have large numbers of internal systems or multiple " "subnets, the process of funneling every private IP " @@ -87559,7 +88603,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61224 +#: book.translate.xml:61341 msgid "" "The first method is to assign a range of ports to use as source ports. By " "adding the portmap keyword, NAT can be " @@ -87567,13 +88611,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61229 +#: book.translate.xml:61346 #, no-wrap msgid "map dc0 192.168.1.0/24 -> 0/32 portmap tcp/udp 20000:60000" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61231 +#: book.translate.xml:61348 msgid "" "Alternately, use the auto keyword which tells " "NAT to determine the ports that are available for use:" @@ -87580,13 +88624,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61235 +#: book.translate.xml:61352 #, no-wrap msgid "map dc0 192.168.1.0/24 -> 0/32 portmap tcp/udp auto" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61237 +#: book.translate.xml:61354 msgid "" "The second method is to use a pool of public addresses. This is useful when " "there are too many LAN addresses to fit into a single " @@ -87597,7 +88641,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61246 +#: book.translate.xml:61363 msgid "" "The range of public IP addresses can be specified using a " "netmask or CIDR notation. These two rules are equivalent:" @@ -87604,7 +88648,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61250 +#: book.translate.xml:61367 #, no-wrap msgid "" "map dc0 192.168.1.0/24 -> 204.134.75.0/255.255.255.0\n" @@ -87612,7 +88656,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61253 +#: book.translate.xml:61370 msgid "" "A common practice is to have a publically accessible web server or mail " "server segregated to an internal network segment. The traffic from these " @@ -87624,13 +88668,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61262 +#: book.translate.xml:61379 #, no-wrap msgid "rdr dc0 20.20.20.5/32 port 80 -> 10.0.10.25 port 80" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61264 +#: book.translate.xml:61381 msgid "" "If it is the only web server, this rule would also work as it redirects all " "external HTTP requests to 10.0.10.25:" @@ -87637,13 +88681,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61268 +#: book.translate.xml:61385 #, no-wrap msgid "rdr dc0 0.0.0.0/0 port 80 -> 10.0.10.25 port 80" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61270 +#: book.translate.xml:61387 msgid "" "IPF has a built in FTP proxy " "which can be used with NAT. It monitors all outbound " @@ -87654,7 +88698,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61279 +#: book.translate.xml:61396 msgid "" "In this example, the first rule calls the proxy for outbound FTP traffic from the internal LAN. The second rule " @@ -87664,7 +88708,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61287 +#: book.translate.xml:61404 #, no-wrap msgid "" "map dc0 10.0.10.0/29 -> 0/32 proxy port 21 ftp/tcp\n" @@ -87673,7 +88717,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61291 +#: book.translate.xml:61408 msgid "" "The FTP map rules go before the " "NAT rule so that when a packet matches an FTPFTP proxy, the following firewall rules would " "instead be needed. Note that without the proxy, all ports above " @@ -87693,7 +88737,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61306 +#: book.translate.xml:61423 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Allow out LAN PC client FTP to public Internet\n" @@ -87708,7 +88752,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61316 +#: book.translate.xml:61433 msgid "" "Whenever the file containing the NAT rules is edited, run " "ipnat with to delete the current " @@ -87718,35 +88762,35 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61324 +#: book.translate.xml:61441 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipnat -CF -f /etc/ipnat.rules" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61326 +#: book.translate.xml:61443 msgid "To display the NAT statistics:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61328 +#: book.translate.xml:61445 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipnat -s" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61330 +#: book.translate.xml:61447 msgid "To list the NAT table's current mappings:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61333 +#: book.translate.xml:61450 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipnat -l" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61335 +#: book.translate.xml:61452 msgid "" "To turn verbose mode on and display information relating to rule processing " "and active rules and table entries:" @@ -87753,23 +88797,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61338 +#: book.translate.xml:61455 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipnat -v" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:61454 +#: book.translate.xml:61571 msgid "Viewing IPF Statistics" msgstr "檢視 IPF 統計資訊" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61456 +#: book.translate.xml:61573 msgid "ipfstat" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61458 +#: book.translate.xml:61575 msgid "" "IPFILTER " "statistics" @@ -87776,7 +88820,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61464 +#: book.translate.xml:61581 msgid "" "IPF includes " "ipfstat8ipfstat output looks like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61476 +#: book.translate.xml:61593 #, no-wrap msgid "" "input packets: blocked 99286 passed 1255609 nomatch 14686 counted 0\n" @@ -87815,7 +88859,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61494 +#: book.translate.xml:61611 msgid "" "Several options are available. When supplied with either " "for inbound or for outbound, the command will retrieve " @@ -87826,7 +88870,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61503 +#: book.translate.xml:61620 #, no-wrap msgid "" "@1 pass out on xl0 from any to any\n" @@ -87835,7 +88879,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61507 +#: book.translate.xml:61624 msgid "" "Include to prefix each rule with a count of how many " "times the rule was matched. For example, ipfstat -oh " @@ -87844,7 +88888,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61512 +#: book.translate.xml:61629 #, no-wrap msgid "" "2451423 pass out on xl0 from any to any\n" @@ -87853,7 +88897,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61516 +#: book.translate.xml:61633 msgid "" "To display the state table in a format similar to " "top1IPF Logging" msgstr "IPF 日誌" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61528 +#: book.translate.xml:61645 msgid "ipmon" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61530 +#: book.translate.xml:61647 msgid "" "IPFILTER logging" @@ -87883,7 +88927,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61536 +#: book.translate.xml:61653 msgid "" "IPF provides ipmon, which can " "be used to write the firewall's logging information in a human readable " @@ -87893,7 +88937,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61542 +#: book.translate.xml:61659 msgid "" "This command is typically run in daemon mode in order to provide a " "continuous system log file so that logging of past events may be reviewed. " @@ -87904,7 +88948,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61550 +#: book.translate.xml:61667 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ipmon_flags=\"-Ds\" # D = start as daemon\n" @@ -87914,7 +88958,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61555 +#: book.translate.xml:61672 msgid "" "Logging provides the ability to review, after the fact, information such as " "which packets were dropped, what addresses they came from, and where they " @@ -87922,7 +88966,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61560 +#: book.translate.xml:61677 msgid "" "Once the logging facility is enabled in rc.conf and " "started with service ipmon start, IPFipmon -Ds mode uses local0 " "as the logging facility. The following logging levels can be used to further " @@ -87943,7 +88987,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61576 +#: book.translate.xml:61693 #, no-wrap msgid "" "LOG_INFO - packets logged using the \"log\" keyword as the action rather than pass or block.\n" @@ -87953,7 +88997,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61581 +#: book.translate.xml:61698 msgid "" "In order to setup IPF to log all data to " "/var/log/ipfilter.log, first create the empty file:" @@ -87960,13 +89004,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61585 +#: book.translate.xml:61702 #, no-wrap msgid "# touch /var/log/ipfilter.log" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61587 +#: book.translate.xml:61704 msgid "" "Then, to write all logged messages to the specified file, add the following " "statement to /etc/syslog.conf:" @@ -87973,13 +89017,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61591 +#: book.translate.xml:61708 #, no-wrap msgid "local0.* /var/log/ipfilter.log" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61593 +#: book.translate.xml:61710 msgid "" "To activate the changes and instruct syslogd8 to read the modified " @@ -87988,7 +89032,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61597 +#: book.translate.xml:61714 msgid "" "Do not forget to edit /etc/newsyslog.conf to rotate the " "new log file." @@ -87995,7 +89039,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61601 +#: book.translate.xml:61718 msgid "" "Messages generated by ipmon consist of data fields " "separated by white space. Fields common to all messages are:" @@ -88002,12 +89046,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61607 +#: book.translate.xml:61724 msgid "The date of packet receipt." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61611 +#: book.translate.xml:61728 msgid "" "The time of packet receipt. This is in the form HH:MM:SS.F, for hours, " "minutes, seconds, and fractions of a second." @@ -88014,18 +89058,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61617 +#: book.translate.xml:61734 msgid "The name of the interface that processed the packet." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61622 +#: book.translate.xml:61739 msgid "" "The group and rule number of the rule in the format @0:17." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61627 +#: book.translate.xml:61744 msgid "" "The action: p for passed, b for " "blocked, S for a short packet, n did " @@ -88033,7 +89077,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61634 +#: book.translate.xml:61751 msgid "" "The addresses written as three fields: the source address and port separated " "by a comma, the -> symbol, and the destination address and port. For " @@ -88041,7 +89085,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61642 +#: book.translate.xml:61759 msgid "" "PR followed by the protocol name or number: for example, " "PR tcp." @@ -88048,7 +89092,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61647 +#: book.translate.xml:61764 msgid "" "len followed by the header length and total length of the " "packet: for example, len 20 40." @@ -88055,7 +89099,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61653 +#: book.translate.xml:61770 msgid "" "If the packet is a TCP packet, there will be an " "additional field starting with a hyphen followed by letters corresponding to " @@ -88065,7 +89109,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61658 +#: book.translate.xml:61775 msgid "" "If the packet is an ICMP packet, there will be two fields " "at the end: the first always being icmp and the next being " @@ -88075,27 +89119,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:61676 +#: book.translate.xml:61793 msgid "Advanced Networking" msgstr "進階網路設定" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:61681 +#: book.translate.xml:61798 msgid "This chapter covers a number of advanced networking topics." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61688 +#: book.translate.xml:61805 msgid "The basics of gateways and routes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61692 +#: book.translate.xml:61809 msgid "How to set up USB tethering." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61696 +#: book.translate.xml:61813 msgid "" "How to set up IEEE 802.11 and " "Bluetooth devices." @@ -88102,22 +89146,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61701 +#: book.translate.xml:61818 msgid "How to make FreeBSD act as a bridge." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61705 +#: book.translate.xml:61822 msgid "How to set up network PXE booting." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61710 +#: book.translate.xml:61827 msgid "How to set up IPv6 on a FreeBSD machine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61715 +#: book.translate.xml:61832 msgid "" "How to enable and utilize the features of the Common Address Redundancy " "Protocol (CARP) in FreeBSD." @@ -88124,17 +89168,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61721 +#: book.translate.xml:61838 msgid "How to configure multiple VLANs on FreeBSD." msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 上設定多個 VLAN。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61730 +#: book.translate.xml:61847 msgid "Understand the basics of the /etc/rc scripts." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61739 +#: book.translate.xml:61856 msgid "" "Know how to configure and install a new FreeBSD kernel ()." @@ -88141,12 +89185,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:61753 +#: book.translate.xml:61870 msgid "Gateways and Routes" msgstr "通訊閘與路由" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:61756 +#: book.translate.xml:61873 msgid "" " Coranth Gryphon Contributed by " @@ -88153,22 +89197,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61766 +#: book.translate.xml:61883 msgid "routing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61769 +#: book.translate.xml:61886 msgid "gateway" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61772 +#: book.translate.xml:61889 msgid "subnet" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:61776 +#: book.translate.xml:61893 msgid "" "Routing is the mechanism that allows a system to find " "the network path to another system. A route is a " @@ -88183,7 +89227,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:61790 +#: book.translate.xml:61907 msgid "" "This section provides an overview of routing basics. It then demonstrates " "how to configure a FreeBSD system as a router and offers some " @@ -88191,12 +89235,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:61795 +#: book.translate.xml:61912 msgid "Routing Basics" msgstr "路由基礎概念" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61797 +#: book.translate.xml:61914 msgid "" "To view the routing table of a FreeBSD system, use " "netstat1% netstat -r\n" @@ -88224,17 +89268,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61815 +#: book.translate.xml:61932 msgid "The entries in this example are as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:61819 +#: book.translate.xml:61936 msgid "default" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61821 +#: book.translate.xml:61938 msgid "" "The first route in this table specifies the default " "route. When the local system needs to make a connection to a remote host, it " @@ -88244,7 +89288,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61829 +#: book.translate.xml:61946 msgid "" "If the destination does not match an entry, or if all known paths fail, the " "system uses the entry for the default route. For hosts on a local area " @@ -88255,7 +89299,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61838 +#: book.translate.xml:61955 msgid "" "The default route for a machine which itself is functioning as the gateway " "to the outside world will be the gateway machine at the Internet Service " @@ -88263,12 +89307,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:61846 +#: book.translate.xml:61963 msgid "localhost" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61848 +#: book.translate.xml:61965 msgid "" "The second route is the localhost route. The interface " "specified in the Netif column for localhost0:e0: are MAC addresses. FreeBSD will automatically " @@ -88298,12 +89342,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:61881 +#: book.translate.xml:61998 msgid "subnet" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61883 +#: book.translate.xml:62000 msgid "" "FreeBSD will automatically add subnet routes for the local subnet. In this " "example, 10.20.30.255 is the " @@ -88314,7 +89358,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61891 +#: book.translate.xml:62008 msgid "" "Local network hosts and local subnets have their routes automatically " "configured by a daemon called routedhost1 line refers to the host by its Ethernet " "address. Since it is the sending host, FreeBSD knows to use the loopback " @@ -88336,7 +89380,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61908 +#: book.translate.xml:62025 msgid "" "The two host2 lines represent aliases which were created " "using ifconfig8224) deals with multicasting." @@ -88360,7 +89404,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61928 +#: book.translate.xml:62045 msgid "" "Various attributes of each route can be seen in the Flags " "column. summarizes some of these flags and " @@ -88368,40 +89412,40 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:61933 +#: book.translate.xml:62050 msgid "Commonly Seen Routing Table Flags" msgstr "常見路由表標記" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:61945 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:62062 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "U" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61946 +#: book.translate.xml:62063 msgid "The route is active (up)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:61950 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:62067 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "H" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61951 +#: book.translate.xml:62068 msgid "The route destination is a single host." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:61955 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:62072 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "G" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61956 +#: book.translate.xml:62073 msgid "" "Send anything for this destination on to this gateway, which will figure out " "from there where to send it." @@ -88409,23 +89453,23 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:61962 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:62079 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "S" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61963 +#: book.translate.xml:62080 msgid "This route was statically configured." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:61967 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:62084 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "C" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61968 +#: book.translate.xml:62085 msgid "" "Clones a new route based upon this route for machines to connect to. This " "type of route is normally used for local networks." @@ -88432,12 +89476,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61974 +#: book.translate.xml:62091 msgid "W" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61975 +#: book.translate.xml:62092 msgid "" "The route was auto-configured based upon a local area network (clone) route." msgstr "" @@ -88444,17 +89488,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:61980 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:62097 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "L" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61981 +#: book.translate.xml:62098 msgid "Route involves references to Ethernet (link) hardware." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61988 +#: book.translate.xml:62105 msgid "" "On a FreeBSD system, the default route can defined in /etc/rc." "conf by specifying the IP address of the " @@ -88462,25 +89506,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61992 +#: book.translate.xml:62109 #, no-wrap msgid "defaultrouter=\"10.20.30.1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61994 +#: book.translate.xml:62111 msgid "" "It is also possible to manually add the route using route:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61997 +#: book.translate.xml:62114 #, no-wrap msgid "# route add default 10.20.30.1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61999 +#: book.translate.xml:62116 msgid "" "Note that manually added routes will not survive a reboot. For more " "information on manual manipulation of network routing tables, refer to " @@ -88489,12 +89533,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:62006 +#: book.translate.xml:62123 msgid "Configuring a Router with Static Routes" msgstr "設定路由器使用靜態路由" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:62009 +#: book.translate.xml:62126 msgid "" " Al Hoang Contributed by " @@ -88501,12 +89545,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:62020 +#: book.translate.xml:62137 msgid "dual homed hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62024 +#: book.translate.xml:62141 msgid "" "A FreeBSD system can be configured as the default gateway, or router, for a " "network if it is a dual-homed system. A dual-homed system is a host which " @@ -88517,7 +89561,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62036 +#: book.translate.xml:62153 msgid "" "In order for the system to forward packets between interfaces, FreeBSD must " "be configured as a router. Internet standards and good engineering practice " @@ -88527,13 +89571,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62043 +#: book.translate.xml:62160 #, no-wrap msgid "gateway_enable=\"YES\" # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62045 +#: book.translate.xml:62162 msgid "" "To enable routing now, set the sysctl8 variable net." @@ -88542,22 +89586,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:62050 +#: book.translate.xml:62167 msgid "BGP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:62053 +#: book.translate.xml:62170 msgid "RIP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:62056 +#: book.translate.xml:62173 msgid "OSPF" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62060 +#: book.translate.xml:62177 msgid "" "The routing table of a router needs additional routes so it knows how to " "reach other networks. Routes can be either added manually using static " @@ -88567,7 +89611,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:62068 +#: book.translate.xml:62185 msgid "" "For large networks, static routes quickly become unscalable. FreeBSD comes " "with the standard BSD routing daemon " @@ -88579,7 +89623,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62078 +#: book.translate.xml:62195 msgid "Consider the following network:" msgstr "" @@ -88588,13 +89632,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:62082 +#: book.translate.xml:62199 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='advanced-networking/static-routes' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout -#: book.translate.xml:62086 +#: book.translate.xml:62203 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -88623,7 +89667,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62112 +#: book.translate.xml:62229 msgid "" "In this scenario, RouterA is a FreeBSD machine that " "is acting as a router to the rest of the Internet. It has a default route " @@ -88634,7 +89678,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62120 +#: book.translate.xml:62237 msgid "" "Before adding any static routes, the routing table on RouterA looks like this:" @@ -88641,7 +89685,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62123 +#: book.translate.xml:62240 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% netstat -nr\n" @@ -88656,7 +89700,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62133 +#: book.translate.xml:62250 msgid "" "With the current routing table, RouterA does not " "have a route to the 192.168.2.0/24# route add -net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62143 +#: book.translate.xml:62260 msgid "" "Now, RouterA can reach any host on the 192.168.2.0/24 network. However, the " @@ -88682,7 +89726,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62149 +#: book.translate.xml:62266 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Add Internal Net 2 as a persistent static route\n" @@ -88691,7 +89735,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62153 +#: book.translate.xml:62270 msgid "" "The static_routes configuration variable is a list of " "strings separated by a space, where each string references a route name. The " @@ -88700,7 +89744,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62159 +#: book.translate.xml:62276 msgid "" "Using more than one string in static_routes creates " "multiple static routes. The following shows an example of adding static " @@ -88709,7 +89753,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62166 +#: book.translate.xml:62283 #, no-wrap msgid "" "static_routes=\"net1 net2\"\n" @@ -88718,7 +89762,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62174 +#: book.translate.xml:62291 msgid "" "When an address space is assigned to a network, the service provider " "configures their routing tables so that all traffic for the network will be " @@ -88727,7 +89771,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62180 +#: book.translate.xml:62297 msgid "" "There is a system that keeps track of all assigned address spaces and " "defines their point of connection to the Internet backbone, or the main " @@ -88739,7 +89783,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62189 +#: book.translate.xml:62306 msgid "" "It is the task of the service provider to advertise to the backbone sites " "that they are the point of connection, and thus the path inward, for a site. " @@ -88747,7 +89791,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:62194 +#: book.translate.xml:62311 msgid "" "traceroute8" @@ -88754,7 +89798,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62198 +#: book.translate.xml:62315 msgid "" "Sometimes, there is a problem with route propagation and some sites are " "unable to connect. Perhaps the most useful command for trying to figure out " @@ -88763,7 +89807,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62204 +#: book.translate.xml:62321 msgid "" "When using traceroute, include the address of the remote " "host to connect to. The output will show the gateway hosts along the path of " @@ -88774,22 +89818,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:62213 +#: book.translate.xml:62330 msgid "Multicast Considerations" msgstr "群播 (Multicast) 注意事項" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:62215 +#: book.translate.xml:62332 msgid "multicast routing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:62218 +#: book.translate.xml:62335 msgid "kernel options MROUTING" msgstr "核心選項 MROUTING" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62223 +#: book.translate.xml:62340 msgid "" "FreeBSD natively supports both multicast applications and multicast routing. " "Multicast applications do not require any special configuration in order to " @@ -88798,13 +89842,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62229 +#: book.translate.xml:62346 #, no-wrap msgid "options MROUTING" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62231 +#: book.translate.xml:62348 msgid "" "The multicast routing daemon, mrouted can be " "installed using the net/mrouted package or port. This " @@ -88818,7 +89862,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:62244 +#: book.translate.xml:62361 msgid "" "DVMRP has largely been replaced by the PIM protocol in many multicast installations. Refer to " @@ -88827,17 +89871,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:62254 +#: book.translate.xml:62371 msgid "Wireless Networking" msgstr "無線網路" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:62257 +#: book.translate.xml:62374 msgid " Loader " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:62262 +#: book.translate.xml:62379 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille " @@ -88844,22 +89888,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:62277 +#: book.translate.xml:62394 msgid "wireless networking" msgstr "無線網路" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:62280 +#: book.translate.xml:62397 msgid "802.11 wireless networking" msgstr "802.11 無線網路" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:62286 +#: book.translate.xml:62403 msgid "Wireless Networking Basics" msgstr "無線網路基礎" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62288 +#: book.translate.xml:62405 msgid "" "Most wireless networks are based on the IEEE 802.11 standards. A basic wireless network consists of " @@ -88869,7 +89913,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62295 +#: book.translate.xml:62412 msgid "" "802.11 networks are organized in two ways. In infrastructure mode, one station acts as a master with all the other stations " @@ -88884,7 +89928,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62310 +#: book.translate.xml:62427 msgid "" "802.11 networks were first deployed in the 2.4GHz band using protocols " "defined by the IEEE 802.11 and " @@ -88899,7 +89943,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62323 +#: book.translate.xml:62440 msgid "" "Separate from the underlying transmission techniques, 802.11 networks have a " "variety of security mechanisms. The original 802.11 specifications defined a " @@ -88926,7 +89970,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62353 +#: book.translate.xml:62470 msgid "" "The other standard to be aware of is 802.11e. It defines protocols for " "deploying multimedia applications, such as streaming video and voice over IP " @@ -88943,7 +89987,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62370 +#: book.translate.xml:62487 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports networks that operate using 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g. " "The WPA and 802.11i security protocols are likewise " @@ -88954,7 +89998,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62382 +#: book.translate.xml:62499 msgid "" "Connecting a computer to an existing wireless network is a very common " "situation. This procedure shows the steps required." @@ -88961,7 +90005,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:62388 +#: book.translate.xml:62505 msgid "" "Obtain the SSID (Service Set Identifier) and " "PSK (Pre-Shared Key) for the wireless network from the " @@ -88969,7 +90013,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:62395 +#: book.translate.xml:62512 msgid "" "Identify the wireless adapter. The FreeBSD GENERIC " "kernel includes drivers for many common wireless adapters. If the wireless " @@ -88979,13 +90023,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62401 +#: book.translate.xml:62518 #, no-wrap msgid "% ifconfig | grep -B3 -i wireless" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:62403 +#: book.translate.xml:62520 msgid "" "If a wireless adapter is not listed, an additional kernel module might be " "required, or it might be a model not supported by FreeBSD." @@ -88992,13 +90036,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:62409 +#: book.translate.xml:62526 msgid "" "This example shows the Atheros ath0 wireless adapter." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:62414 +#: book.translate.xml:62531 msgid "" "Add an entry for this network to /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf. If the file does not exist, create it. Replace " @@ -89008,7 +90052,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62422 +#: book.translate.xml:62539 #, no-wrap msgid "" "network={\n" @@ -89018,7 +90062,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:62429 +#: book.translate.xml:62546 msgid "" "Add entries to /etc/rc.conf to configure the network on " "startup:" @@ -89025,7 +90069,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62432 +#: book.translate.xml:62549 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -89033,7 +90077,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:62437 +#: book.translate.xml:62554 msgid "" "Restart the computer, or restart the network service to connect to the " "network:" @@ -89040,12 +90084,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:62446 +#: book.translate.xml:62563 msgid "Basic Setup" msgstr "基礎設定" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62451 +#: book.translate.xml:62568 msgid "" "To use wireless networking, a wireless networking card is needed and the " "kernel needs to be configured with the appropriate wireless networking " @@ -89054,7 +90098,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62457 +#: book.translate.xml:62574 msgid "" "The most commonly used wireless devices are those that use parts made by " "Atheros. These devices are supported by athath4ath4 device and the device " @@ -89105,7 +90149,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62492 +#: book.translate.xml:62609 msgid "" "In addition, the modules that implement cryptographic support for the " "security protocols to use must be loaded. These are intended to be " @@ -89128,7 +90172,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62505 +#: book.translate.xml:62622 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlan_wep_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -89137,7 +90181,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62509 +#: book.translate.xml:62626 msgid "" "Once this information has been added to /boot/loader.conf, reboot the FreeBSD box. Alternately, load the modules by hand " @@ -89146,7 +90190,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:62515 +#: book.translate.xml:62632 msgid "" "For users who do not want to use modules, it is possible to compile these " "drivers into the kernel by adding the following lines to a custom kernel " @@ -89154,7 +90198,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62520 +#: book.translate.xml:62637 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device wlan # 802.11 support\n" @@ -89169,7 +90213,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:62530 +#: book.translate.xml:62647 msgid "" "With this information in the kernel configuration file, recompile the kernel " "and reboot the FreeBSD machine." @@ -89176,7 +90220,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62535 +#: book.translate.xml:62652 msgid "" "Information about the wireless device should appear in the boot messages, " "like this:" @@ -89183,7 +90227,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62538 +#: book.translate.xml:62655 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ath0: <Atheros 5212> mem 0x88000000-0x8800ffff irq 11 at device 0.0 on cardbus1\n" @@ -89192,12 +90236,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:62545 +#: book.translate.xml:62662 msgid "Infrastructure Mode" msgstr "主從式 (Infrastructure)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62547 +#: book.translate.xml:62664 msgid "" "Infrastructure (BSS) mode is the mode that is typically " "used. In this mode, a number of wireless access points are connected to a " @@ -89207,17 +90251,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:62555 +#: book.translate.xml:62672 msgid "FreeBSD Clients" msgstr "FreeBSD 客戶端" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:62558 +#: book.translate.xml:62675 msgid "How to Find Access Points" msgstr "如何尋找存取點" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62560 +#: book.translate.xml:62677 msgid "" "To scan for available networks, use ifconfig8. This request may take " @@ -89227,7 +90271,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62566 +#: book.translate.xml:62683 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n" @@ -89238,7 +90282,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:62573 +#: book.translate.xml:62690 msgid "" "The interface must be before it can scan. Subsequent " "scan requests do not require the interface to be marked as up again." @@ -89245,7 +90289,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62578 +#: book.translate.xml:62695 msgid "" "The output of a scan request lists each BSS/" "IBSS network found. Besides listing the name of the " @@ -89256,22 +90300,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:62589 +#: book.translate.xml:62706 msgid "Station Capability Codes" msgstr "站台功能代號" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62594 +#: book.translate.xml:62711 msgid "Capability Code" msgstr "功能代號" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62601 +#: book.translate.xml:62718 msgid "E" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62602 +#: book.translate.xml:62719 msgid "" "Extended Service Set (ESS). Indicates that the station is " "part of an infrastructure network rather than an IBSS/ad-" @@ -89279,12 +90323,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62610 +#: book.translate.xml:62727 msgid "I" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62611 +#: book.translate.xml:62728 msgid "" "IBSS/ad-hoc network. Indicates that the station is part " "of an ad-hoc network rather than an ESS network." @@ -89291,12 +90335,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62618 +#: book.translate.xml:62735 msgid "P" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62619 +#: book.translate.xml:62736 msgid "" "Privacy. Encryption is required for all data frames exchanged within the " "BSS using cryptographic means such as WEPS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62629 +#: book.translate.xml:62746 msgid "" "Short Preamble. Indicates that the network is using short preambles, defined " "in 802.11b High Rate/DSSS PHY, and utilizes a 56 bit sync field rather than " @@ -89318,12 +90362,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62637 +#: book.translate.xml:62754 msgid "s" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62638 +#: book.translate.xml:62755 msgid "" "Short slot time. Indicates that the 802.11g network is using a short slot " "time because there are no legacy (802.11b) stations present." @@ -89330,18 +90374,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62646 +#: book.translate.xml:62763 msgid "One can also display the current list of known networks with:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62649 +#: book.translate.xml:62766 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig wlan0 list scan" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62651 +#: book.translate.xml:62768 msgid "" "This information may be updated automatically by the adapter or manually " "with a request. Old data is automatically removed from " @@ -89350,12 +90394,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect4/title #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:62659 book.translate.xml:63487 +#: book.translate.xml:62776 book.translate.xml:63604 msgid "Basic Settings" msgstr "基礎設定" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62661 +#: book.translate.xml:62778 msgid "" "This section provides a simple example of how to make the wireless network " "adapter work in FreeBSD without encryption. Once familiar with these " @@ -89364,7 +90408,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62667 +#: book.translate.xml:62784 msgid "" "There are three basic steps to configure a wireless network: select an " "access point, authenticate the station, and configure an IPSSID:" @@ -89400,7 +90444,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62688 +#: book.translate.xml:62805 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -89408,7 +90452,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62691 +#: book.translate.xml:62808 msgid "" "In an environment where there are multiple access points with the same " "SSID, which is often done to simplify roaming, it may be " @@ -89418,7 +90462,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62699 +#: book.translate.xml:62816 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -89426,7 +90470,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62702 +#: book.translate.xml:62819 msgid "" "There are other ways to constrain the choice of an access point, such as " "limiting the set of frequencies the system will scan on. This may be useful " @@ -89436,7 +90480,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62710 +#: book.translate.xml:62827 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -89444,7 +90488,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62713 +#: book.translate.xml:62830 msgid "" "This example will force the card to operate in 802.11g, which is defined " "only for 2.4GHz frequencies so any 5GHz channels will not be considered. " @@ -89457,7 +90501,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62727 +#: book.translate.xml:62844 msgid "" "Once an access point is selected, the station needs to authenticate before " "it can pass data. Authentication can happen in several ways. The most common " @@ -89473,7 +90517,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:62744 +#: book.translate.xml:62861 msgid "" "If using an Apple AirPort Extreme base station for an access " @@ -89486,7 +90530,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62752 +#: book.translate.xml:62869 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -89494,7 +90538,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:62755 +#: book.translate.xml:62872 msgid "" "In general, shared key authentication should be avoided because it uses the " "WEP key material in a highly-constrained manner, making " @@ -89506,12 +90550,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/title -#: book.translate.xml:62768 +#: book.translate.xml:62885 msgid "Getting an IP Address with DHCP" msgstr "使用 DHCP 取得 IP 位址" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62771 +#: book.translate.xml:62888 msgid "" "Once an access point is selected and the authentication parameters are set, " "an IP address must be obtained in order to communicate. " @@ -89522,18 +90566,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62784 +#: book.translate.xml:62901 msgid "The wireless interface is now ready to bring up:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62787 +#: book.translate.xml:62904 #, no-wrap msgid "# service netif start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62789 +#: book.translate.xml:62906 msgid "" "Once the interface is running, use ifconfig8 to see the status of " @@ -89541,7 +90585,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62793 +#: book.translate.xml:62910 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0\n" @@ -89557,7 +90601,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62804 +#: book.translate.xml:62921 msgid "" "The status: associated line means that it is connected to " "the wireless network. The bssid 00:13:46:49:41:76 is the " @@ -89566,12 +90610,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/title -#: book.translate.xml:62813 +#: book.translate.xml:62930 msgid "Static IP Address" msgstr "靜態 IP 位址" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62815 +#: book.translate.xml:62932 msgid "" "If an IP address cannot be obtained from a DHCP server, set a fixed IP address. Replace the " @@ -89580,7 +90624,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62822 +#: book.translate.xml:62939 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -89588,12 +90632,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:62828 +#: book.translate.xml:62945 msgid "WPA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62830 +#: book.translate.xml:62947 msgid "" "Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a security protocol used " "together with 802.11 networks to address the lack of proper authentication " @@ -89614,7 +90658,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62853 +#: book.translate.xml:62970 msgid "" "WPA defines authentication and encryption protocols. " "Authentication is most commonly done using one of two techniques: by 802.1X " @@ -89628,7 +90672,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62867 +#: book.translate.xml:62984 msgid "" "The control of the wireless connection and the key negotiation or " "authentication with a server is done using " @@ -89641,12 +90685,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/title -#: book.translate.xml:62876 +#: book.translate.xml:62993 msgid "WPA-PSK" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62878 +#: book.translate.xml:62995 msgid "" "WPA-PSK, also known as WPA Personal, " "is based on a pre-shared key (PSK) which is generated " @@ -89657,7 +90701,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:62889 +#: book.translate.xml:63006 msgid "" "Always use strong passwords that are sufficiently long and made from a rich " "alphabet so that they will not be easily guessed or attacked." @@ -89664,7 +90708,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62894 +#: book.translate.xml:63011 msgid "" "The first step is the configuration of /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf with the SSID and the pre-shared key of the " @@ -89672,7 +90716,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62899 +#: book.translate.xml:63016 #, no-wrap msgid "" "network={\n" @@ -89682,7 +90726,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62904 +#: book.translate.xml:63021 msgid "" "Then, in /etc/rc.conf, indicate that the wireless " "device configuration will be done with WPA and the " @@ -89690,8 +90734,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62910 book.translate.xml:63110 book.translate.xml:63204 -#: book.translate.xml:63328 +#: book.translate.xml:63027 book.translate.xml:63227 book.translate.xml:63321 +#: book.translate.xml:63445 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -89699,12 +90743,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62913 book.translate.xml:63331 +#: book.translate.xml:63030 book.translate.xml:63448 msgid "Then, bring up the interface:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62915 +#: book.translate.xml:63032 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service netif start\n" @@ -89728,7 +90772,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62934 +#: book.translate.xml:63051 msgid "" "Or, try to configure the interface manually using the information in " "/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf:" @@ -89735,7 +90779,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62938 +#: book.translate.xml:63055 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf\n" @@ -89746,7 +90790,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62944 +#: book.translate.xml:63061 msgid "" "The next operation is to launch dhclient8 to get the " @@ -89754,7 +90798,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62948 +#: book.translate.xml:63065 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# dhclient wlan0\n" @@ -89775,7 +90819,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:62965 +#: book.translate.xml:63082 msgid "" "If /etc/rc.conf has an ifconfig_wlan0=\"DHCP" "\" entry, dhclientDHCP is not possible or desired, set a static " "IP address after " @@ -89795,7 +90839,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62977 +#: book.translate.xml:63094 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0\n" @@ -89813,7 +90857,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62990 +#: book.translate.xml:63107 msgid "" "When DHCP is not used, the default gateway and the " "nameserver also have to be manually set:" @@ -89820,7 +90864,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62994 +#: book.translate.xml:63111 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# route add default your_default_router\n" @@ -89828,12 +90872,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/title -#: book.translate.xml:62999 +#: book.translate.xml:63116 msgid "WPA with EAP-TLS" msgstr "WPA 加上 EAP-TLS" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:63002 +#: book.translate.xml:63119 msgid "" "The second way to use WPA is with an 802.1X backend " "authentication server. In this case, WPA is called " @@ -89844,7 +90888,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:63011 +#: book.translate.xml:63128 msgid "" "EAP does not come with an encryption method. Instead, " "EAP is embedded inside an encrypted tunnel. There are " @@ -89854,7 +90898,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:63019 +#: book.translate.xml:63136 msgid "" "EAP with Transport Layer Security (EAP-TLS) is a well-" "supported wireless authentication protocol since it was the first " @@ -89870,7 +90914,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:63036 +#: book.translate.xml:63153 msgid "" "As previously, the configuration is done via /etc/wpa_supplicant." "conf:" @@ -89877,7 +90921,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63039 +#: book.translate.xml:63156 #, no-wrap msgid "" "network={\n" @@ -89894,12 +90938,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63053 +#: book.translate.xml:63170 msgid "This field indicates the network name (SSID)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63058 +#: book.translate.xml:63175 msgid "" "This example uses the RSN IEEE 802.11i protocol, also known as WPA2." @@ -89906,7 +90950,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63064 +#: book.translate.xml:63181 msgid "" "The key_mgmt line refers to the key management protocol " "to use. In this example, it is WPA using EAPEAP method for the connection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63076 +#: book.translate.xml:63193 msgid "" "The identity field contains the identity string for " "EAP." @@ -89927,7 +90971,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63082 book.translate.xml:63185 book.translate.xml:63298 +#: book.translate.xml:63199 book.translate.xml:63302 book.translate.xml:63415 msgid "" "The ca_cert field indicates the pathname of the " "CA certificate file. This file is needed to verify the " @@ -89935,7 +90979,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63089 +#: book.translate.xml:63206 msgid "" "The client_cert line gives the pathname to the client " "certificate file. This certificate is unique to each wireless client of the " @@ -89943,7 +90987,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63096 +#: book.translate.xml:63213 msgid "" "The private_key field is the pathname to the client " "certificate private key file." @@ -89950,7 +90994,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63102 +#: book.translate.xml:63219 msgid "" "The private_key_passwd field contains the passphrase for " "the private key." @@ -89957,17 +91001,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:63107 +#: book.translate.xml:63224 msgid "Then, add the following lines to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:63113 book.translate.xml:63207 +#: book.translate.xml:63230 book.translate.xml:63324 msgid "The next step is to bring up the interface:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63115 +#: book.translate.xml:63232 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service netif start\n" @@ -89989,7 +91033,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:63132 +#: book.translate.xml:63249 msgid "" "It is also possible to bring up the interface manually using " "wpa_supplicant8WPA with EAP-TTLS" msgstr "WPA 加上 EAP-TTLS" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:63141 +#: book.translate.xml:63258 msgid "" "With EAP-TLS, both the authentication server and the " "client need a certificate. With EAP-TTLS, a client " @@ -90014,7 +91058,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:63151 +#: book.translate.xml:63268 msgid "" "The required configuration can be added to /etc/wpa_supplicant." "conf:" @@ -90021,7 +91065,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63154 +#: book.translate.xml:63271 #, no-wrap msgid "" "network={\n" @@ -90037,13 +91081,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63167 book.translate.xml:63280 +#: book.translate.xml:63284 book.translate.xml:63397 msgid "" "This field specifies the EAP method for the connection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63172 book.translate.xml:63285 +#: book.translate.xml:63289 book.translate.xml:63402 msgid "" "The identity field contains the identity string for " "EAP authentication inside the encrypted TLSpassword field contains the passphrase for the " "EAP authentication." @@ -90058,7 +91102,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63192 +#: book.translate.xml:63309 msgid "" "This field specifies the authentication method used in the encrypted " "TLS tunnel. In this example, EAP with " @@ -90067,12 +91111,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:63201 +#: book.translate.xml:63318 msgid "Next, add the following lines to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63209 book.translate.xml:63333 +#: book.translate.xml:63326 book.translate.xml:63450 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service netif start\n" @@ -90095,12 +91139,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/title -#: book.translate.xml:63229 +#: book.translate.xml:63346 msgid "WPA with EAP-PEAP" msgstr "WPA 加上 EAP-PEAP" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:63233 +#: book.translate.xml:63350 msgid "" "PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2 is the most common PEAP method. In this chapter, the term PEAP is used " @@ -90108,7 +91152,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:63239 +#: book.translate.xml:63356 msgid "" "Protected EAP (PEAP) is designed as an alternative to " "EAP-TTLS and is the most used EAP " @@ -90118,7 +91162,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:63247 +#: book.translate.xml:63364 msgid "" "PEAP is similar to EAP-TTLS as it uses " "a server-side certificate to authenticate clients by creating an encrypted " @@ -90132,7 +91176,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:63261 +#: book.translate.xml:63378 msgid "" "Add the following lines to /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf to " "configure the EAP-PEAP related settings:" @@ -90139,7 +91183,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63266 +#: book.translate.xml:63383 #, no-wrap msgid "" "network={\n" @@ -90156,7 +91200,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63305 +#: book.translate.xml:63422 msgid "" "This field contains the parameters for the first phase of authentication, " "the TLS tunnel. According to the authentication server " @@ -90168,7 +91212,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63317 +#: book.translate.xml:63434 msgid "" "This field specifies the authentication protocol used in the encrypted " "TLS tunnel. In the case of PEAP, it is " @@ -90176,12 +91220,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:63354 +#: book.translate.xml:63471 msgid "WEP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:63356 +#: book.translate.xml:63473 msgid "" "Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is part of the original " "802.11 standard. There is no authentication mechanism, only a weak form of " @@ -90189,7 +91233,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:63361 +#: book.translate.xml:63478 msgid "" "WEP can be set up using " "ifconfig8# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n" @@ -90206,7 +91250,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63371 +#: book.translate.xml:63488 msgid "" "The weptxkey specifies which WEP key " "will be used in the transmission. This example uses the third key. This must " @@ -90215,7 +91259,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63381 +#: book.translate.xml:63498 msgid "" "The wepkey selects one of the WEP " "keys. It should be in the format index:key. Key " @@ -90224,7 +91268,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:63389 +#: book.translate.xml:63506 msgid "" "Replace the 0x3456789012 with the key configured for use " "on the access point." @@ -90231,7 +91275,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:63396 +#: book.translate.xml:63513 msgid "" "Refer to ifconfig8 for further information." @@ -90238,7 +91282,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:63399 +#: book.translate.xml:63516 msgid "" "The wpa_supplicant8 facility can be used to configure a wireless " @@ -90247,7 +91291,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63405 +#: book.translate.xml:63522 #, no-wrap msgid "" "network={\n" @@ -90259,12 +91303,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:63412 +#: book.translate.xml:63529 msgid "Then:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63414 +#: book.translate.xml:63531 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf\n" @@ -90273,12 +91317,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:63422 +#: book.translate.xml:63539 msgid "Ad-hoc Mode" msgstr "對等式 (Ad-hoc)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63424 +#: book.translate.xml:63541 msgid "" "IBSS mode, also called ad-hoc mode, is designed for point " "to point connections. For example, to establish an ad-hoc network between " @@ -90287,12 +91331,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63431 +#: book.translate.xml:63548 msgid "On A:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63433 +#: book.translate.xml:63550 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode adhoc\n" @@ -90309,7 +91353,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63445 +#: book.translate.xml:63562 msgid "" "The adhoc parameter indicates that the interface is " "running in IBSS mode." @@ -90316,7 +91360,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63448 +#: book.translate.xml:63565 msgid "" "B should now be able to detect A:" @@ -90323,7 +91367,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63451 +#: book.translate.xml:63568 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode adhoc\n" @@ -90333,7 +91377,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63456 +#: book.translate.xml:63573 msgid "" "The I in the output confirms that A is in ad-hoc mode. Now, configure B " @@ -90341,7 +91385,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63461 +#: book.translate.xml:63578 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap\n" @@ -90357,7 +91401,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63472 +#: book.translate.xml:63589 msgid "" "Both A and B are now ready " "to exchange information." @@ -90364,12 +91408,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:63478 +#: book.translate.xml:63595 msgid "FreeBSD Host Access Points" msgstr "FreeBSD 主機存取點" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63480 +#: book.translate.xml:63597 msgid "" "FreeBSD can act as an Access Point (AP) which eliminates " "the need to buy a hardware AP or run an ad-hoc network. " @@ -90378,7 +91422,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63489 +#: book.translate.xml:63606 msgid "" "Before configuring a FreeBSD machine as an AP, the kernel " "must be configured with the appropriate networking support for the wireless " @@ -90387,7 +91431,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:63496 +#: book.translate.xml:63613 msgid "" "The NDIS driver wrapper for Windows drivers does not currently support AP# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n" @@ -90413,7 +91457,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63512 +#: book.translate.xml:63629 msgid "" "This output displays the card's capabilities. The HOSTAP " "word confirms that this wireless card can act as an AP. " @@ -90423,7 +91467,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63520 +#: book.translate.xml:63637 msgid "" "The wireless device can only be put into hostap mode during the creation of " "the network pseudo-device, so a previously created device must be destroyed " @@ -90431,19 +91475,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63524 +#: book.translate.xml:63641 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig wlan0 destroy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63526 +#: book.translate.xml:63643 msgid "" "then regenerated with the correct option before setting the other parameters:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63529 +#: book.translate.xml:63646 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap\n" @@ -90451,7 +91495,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63532 +#: book.translate.xml:63649 msgid "" "Use ifconfig8 again to see the status of the wlan0# ifconfig wlan0\n" @@ -90474,7 +91518,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63545 +#: book.translate.xml:63662 msgid "" "The hostap parameter indicates the interface is running " "in the host-based access point mode." @@ -90481,7 +91525,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63549 +#: book.translate.xml:63666 msgid "" "The interface configuration can be done automatically at boot time by adding " "the following lines to /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -90488,7 +91532,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63553 +#: book.translate.xml:63670 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -90497,12 +91541,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:63559 +#: book.translate.xml:63676 msgid "Host-based Access Point Without Authentication or Encryption" msgstr "無認證或加密的 Host-based 存取點" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63562 +#: book.translate.xml:63679 msgid "" "Although it is not recommended to run an AP without any " "authentication or encryption, this is a simple way to check if the " @@ -90511,7 +91555,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63568 +#: book.translate.xml:63685 msgid "" "Once the AP is configured, initiate a scan from another " "wireless machine to find the AP:" @@ -90518,7 +91562,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63572 +#: book.translate.xml:63689 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n" @@ -90528,7 +91572,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63577 +#: book.translate.xml:63694 msgid "" "The client machine found the AP and can be associated " "with it:" @@ -90535,7 +91579,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63580 +#: book.translate.xml:63697 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap\n" @@ -90552,12 +91596,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:63594 +#: book.translate.xml:63711 msgid "WPA2 Host-based Access Point" msgstr "WPA2 Host-based 存取點" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63596 +#: book.translate.xml:63713 msgid "" "This section focuses on setting up a FreeBSD access point using the " "WPA2 security protocol. More details regarding " @@ -90566,7 +91610,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63603 +#: book.translate.xml:63720 msgid "" "The hostapd8 daemon is used to deal with client authentication " @@ -90575,7 +91619,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63608 +#: book.translate.xml:63725 msgid "" "The following configuration operations are performed on the FreeBSD machine " "acting as the AP. Once the AP is " @@ -90585,13 +91629,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63615 +#: book.translate.xml:63732 #, no-wrap msgid "hostapd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63617 +#: book.translate.xml:63734 msgid "" "Before trying to configure hostapd8, first configure the " @@ -90599,12 +91643,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:63621 +#: book.translate.xml:63738 msgid "WPA2-PSK" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:63623 +#: book.translate.xml:63740 msgid "" "WPA2-PSK is intended for small networks where the use of " "a backend authentication server is not possible or desired." @@ -90611,12 +91655,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:63627 +#: book.translate.xml:63744 msgid "The configuration is done in /etc/hostapd.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63630 +#: book.translate.xml:63747 #, no-wrap msgid "" "interface=wlan0 \n" @@ -90631,12 +91675,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63642 +#: book.translate.xml:63759 msgid "Wireless interface used for the access point." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63647 +#: book.translate.xml:63764 msgid "" "Level of verbosity used during the execution of " "hostapd8hostapd8 to store domain socket " @@ -90655,12 +91699,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63661 +#: book.translate.xml:63778 msgid "The group allowed to access the control interface files." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63666 +#: book.translate.xml:63783 msgid "" "The wireless network name, or SSID, that will appear in " "wireless scans." @@ -90667,7 +91711,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63672 +#: book.translate.xml:63789 msgid "" "Enable WPA and specify which WPA " "authentication protocol will be required. A value of 2 " @@ -90677,12 +91721,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63683 +#: book.translate.xml:63800 msgid "ASCII passphrase for WPA authentication." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:63687 +#: book.translate.xml:63804 msgid "" "Always use strong passwords that are at least 8 characters long and made " "from a rich alphabet so that they will not be easily guessed or attacked." @@ -90689,7 +91733,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63695 +#: book.translate.xml:63812 msgid "" "The key management protocol to use. This example sets WPA-PSK." @@ -90696,7 +91740,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63701 +#: book.translate.xml:63818 msgid "" "Encryption algorithms accepted by the access point. In this example, only " "the CCMP (AES) cipher is accepted. " @@ -90706,7 +91750,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:63714 +#: book.translate.xml:63831 msgid "" "The next step is to start hostapd8:" @@ -90713,13 +91757,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63716 +#: book.translate.xml:63833 #, no-wrap msgid "# service hostapd forcestart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63718 +#: book.translate.xml:63835 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0\n" @@ -90738,7 +91782,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:63732 +#: book.translate.xml:63849 msgid "" "Once the AP is running, the clients can associate with " "it. See for more details. It is " @@ -90747,12 +91791,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:63742 +#: book.translate.xml:63859 msgid "WEP Host-based Access Point" msgstr "WEP Host-based 存取點" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63744 +#: book.translate.xml:63861 msgid "" "It is not recommended to use WEP for setting up an " "AP since there is no authentication mechanism and the " @@ -90762,7 +91806,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63752 +#: book.translate.xml:63869 msgid "" "The wireless device can now be put into hostap mode and configured with the " "correct SSID and IP address:" @@ -90769,7 +91813,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63756 +#: book.translate.xml:63873 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap\n" @@ -90778,7 +91822,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63762 +#: book.translate.xml:63879 msgid "" "The weptxkey indicates which WEP key " "will be used in the transmission. This example uses the third key as key " @@ -90787,7 +91831,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63771 +#: book.translate.xml:63888 msgid "" "The wepkey sets the selected WEP key. " "It should be in the format index:key. If the " @@ -90796,7 +91840,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63780 +#: book.translate.xml:63897 msgid "" "Use ifconfig8 to see the status of the wlan0# ifconfig wlan0\n" @@ -90819,7 +91863,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63793 +#: book.translate.xml:63910 msgid "" "From another wireless machine, it is now possible to initiate a scan to find " "the AP:" @@ -90826,7 +91870,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63796 +#: book.translate.xml:63913 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n" @@ -90836,7 +91880,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63801 +#: book.translate.xml:63918 msgid "" "In this example, the client machine found the AP and can " "associate with it using the correct parameters. See failover fashion. This type of configuration " @@ -90867,7 +91911,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63822 +#: book.translate.xml:63939 msgid "" "Link aggregation and failover is covered in and an example for using both wired and wireless connections " @@ -90875,7 +91919,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63829 +#: book.translate.xml:63946 msgid "" "This section describes a number of steps to help troubleshoot common " "wireless networking problems." @@ -90882,7 +91926,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63835 +#: book.translate.xml:63952 msgid "" "If the access point is not listed when scanning, check that the " "configuration has not limited the wireless device to a limited set of " @@ -90890,7 +91934,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63841 +#: book.translate.xml:63958 msgid "" "If the device cannot associate with an access point, verify that the " "configuration matches the settings on the access point. This includes the " @@ -90901,7 +91945,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63850 +#: book.translate.xml:63967 msgid "" "Debugging support is provided by " "wpa_supplicant8ping# wlandebug -i ath0 +scan+auth+debug+assoc\n" @@ -90937,7 +91981,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63873 +#: book.translate.xml:63990 msgid "" "Many useful statistics are maintained by the 802.11 layer and " "wlanstats, found in /usr/src/tools/tools/" @@ -90949,7 +91993,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63884 +#: book.translate.xml:64001 msgid "" "If the above information does not help to clarify the problem, submit a " "problem report and include output from the above tools." @@ -90956,17 +92000,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:63892 +#: book.translate.xml:64009 msgid "USB Tethering" msgstr "USB 網路共享" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:63895 +#: book.translate.xml:64012 msgid "tether" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:63899 +#: book.translate.xml:64016 msgid "" "Many cellphones provide the option to share their data connection over USB " "(often called \"tethering\"). This feature uses either the RNDISAndroid devices generally use the " "urndis4Apple devices use the " "ipheth4cdce4 driver." @@ -90999,12 +92043,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:63921 +#: book.translate.xml:64038 msgid "Before attaching a device, load the appropriate driver into the kernel:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63924 +#: book.translate.xml:64041 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kldload if_urndis\n" @@ -91013,7 +92057,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:63928 +#: book.translate.xml:64045 msgid "" "Once the device is attached ue0 will be available for use like a normal network device. Be sure " @@ -91021,12 +92065,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:63937 +#: book.translate.xml:64054 msgid "Bluetooth" msgstr "藍牙" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:63940 +#: book.translate.xml:64057 msgid "" " Pav Lucistnik Written by pav@FreeBSD.org" @@ -91033,12 +92077,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:63951 +#: book.translate.xml:64068 msgid "Bluetooth" msgstr "藍牙" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:63955 +#: book.translate.xml:64072 msgid "" "Bluetooth is a wireless technology for creating personal networks operating " "in the 2.4 GHz unlicensed band, with a range of 10 meters. Networks are " @@ -91049,7 +92093,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:63964 +#: book.translate.xml:64081 msgid "" "This section describes the use of a USB Bluetooth dongle " "on a FreeBSD system. It then describes the various Bluetooth protocols and " @@ -91057,12 +92101,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:63969 +#: book.translate.xml:64086 msgid "Loading Bluetooth Support" msgstr "載入藍牙支援" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63971 +#: book.translate.xml:64088 msgid "" "The Bluetooth stack in FreeBSD is implemented using the " "netgraph4# kldload ng_ubt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63987 +#: book.translate.xml:64104 msgid "" "If the Bluetooth device will be attached to the system during system " "startup, the system can be configured to load the module at boot time by " @@ -91107,13 +92151,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63992 +#: book.translate.xml:64109 #, no-wrap msgid "ng_ubt_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63994 +#: book.translate.xml:64111 msgid "" "Once the driver is loaded, plug in the USB dongle. If the " "driver load was successful, output similar to the following should appear on " @@ -91121,7 +92165,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64000 +#: book.translate.xml:64117 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ubt0: vendor 0x0a12 product 0x0001, rev 1.10/5.25, addr 2\n" @@ -91131,7 +92175,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64005 +#: book.translate.xml:64122 msgid "" "To start and stop the Bluetooth stack, use its startup script. It is a good " "idea to stop the stack before unplugging the device. When starting the " @@ -91139,7 +92183,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64010 +#: book.translate.xml:64127 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service bluetooth start ubt0\n" @@ -91157,17 +92201,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:64025 +#: book.translate.xml:64142 msgid "Finding Other Bluetooth Devices" msgstr "尋找其他藍牙裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64027 +#: book.translate.xml:64144 msgid "HCI" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64031 +#: book.translate.xml:64148 msgid "" "The Host Controller Interface (HCI) provides a uniform " "method for accessing Bluetooth baseband capabilities. In FreeBSD, a netgraph " @@ -91177,7 +92221,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64037 +#: book.translate.xml:64154 msgid "" "One of the most common tasks is discovery of Bluetooth devices within " "RF proximity. This operation is called inquiry% hccontrol -n ubt0hci inquiry\n" @@ -91207,7 +92251,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64058 +#: book.translate.xml:64175 msgid "" "The BD_ADDR is the unique address of a Bluetooth device, " "similar to the MAC address of a network card. This " @@ -91219,7 +92263,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64068 +#: book.translate.xml:64185 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% hccontrol -n ubt0hci remote_name_request 00:80:37:29:19:a4\n" @@ -91228,7 +92272,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64072 +#: book.translate.xml:64189 msgid "" "If an inquiry is performed on a remote Bluetooth device, it will find the " "computer as your.host.name (ubt0). The name assigned to the " @@ -91236,7 +92280,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64077 +#: book.translate.xml:64194 msgid "" "The Bluetooth system provides a point-to-point connection between two " "Bluetooth units, or a point-to-multipoint connection which is shared among " @@ -91245,7 +92289,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64083 +#: book.translate.xml:64200 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% hccontrol -n ubt0hci read_connection_list\n" @@ -91254,7 +92298,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64087 +#: book.translate.xml:64204 msgid "" "A connection handle is useful when termination of the " "baseband connection is required, though it is normally not required to do " @@ -91263,7 +92307,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64093 +#: book.translate.xml:64210 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# hccontrol -n ubt0hci disconnect 41\n" @@ -91272,7 +92316,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64097 +#: book.translate.xml:64214 msgid "" "Type hccontrol help for a complete listing of available " "HCI commands. Most of the HCI commands " @@ -91280,12 +92324,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:64104 +#: book.translate.xml:64221 msgid "Device Pairing" msgstr "裝置配對" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64106 +#: book.translate.xml:64223 msgid "" "By default, Bluetooth communication is not authenticated, and any device can " "talk to any other device. A Bluetooth device, such as a cellular phone, may " @@ -91302,7 +92346,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64123 +#: book.translate.xml:64240 msgid "" "The hcsecd8 daemon is responsible for handling Bluetooth " @@ -91313,7 +92357,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64130 +#: book.translate.xml:64247 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device {\n" @@ -91325,7 +92369,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64137 +#: book.translate.xml:64254 msgid "" "The only limitation on PIN codes is length. Some devices, " "such as Bluetooth headsets, may have a fixed PIN code " @@ -91341,7 +92385,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64151 +#: book.translate.xml:64268 msgid "" "The following line can be added to /etc/rc.conf to " "configure hcsecd8hcsecd8 daemon output:" @@ -91362,7 +92406,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64160 +#: book.translate.xml:64277 #, no-wrap msgid "" "hcsecd[16484]: Got Link_Key_Request event from 'ubt0hci', remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4\n" @@ -91374,12 +92418,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:64169 +#: book.translate.xml:64286 msgid "Network Access with PPP Profiles" msgstr "使用 PPP Profile 存取網路 " #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64172 +#: book.translate.xml:64289 msgid "" "A Dial-Up Networking (DUN) profile can be used to " "configure a cellular phone as a wireless modem for connecting to a dial-up " @@ -91388,7 +92432,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64178 +#: book.translate.xml:64295 msgid "" "Network access with a PPP profile can be used to provide " "LAN access for a single Bluetooth device or multiple " @@ -91398,7 +92442,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64185 +#: book.translate.xml:64302 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, these profiles are implemented with " "ppp8rfcomm_pppd8 is used to open a " @@ -91422,13 +92466,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64200 +#: book.translate.xml:64317 #, no-wrap msgid "# rfcomm_pppd -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4 -c -C dun -l rfcomm-dialup" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64202 +#: book.translate.xml:64319 msgid "" "The actual channel number will be obtained from the remote device using the " "SDP protocol. It is possible to specify the " @@ -91441,7 +92485,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64210 +#: book.translate.xml:64327 msgid "" "In order to provide network access with the PPP " "LAN service, sdpd# rfcomm_pppd -s -C 7 -l rfcomm-server" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:64228 +#: book.translate.xml:64345 msgid "Bluetooth Protocols" msgstr "藍牙通訊協定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64230 +#: book.translate.xml:64347 msgid "" "This section provides an overview of the various Bluetooth protocols, their " "function, and associated utilities." @@ -91476,17 +92520,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:64234 +#: book.translate.xml:64351 msgid "Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64237 +#: book.translate.xml:64354 msgid "L2CAP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64241 +#: book.translate.xml:64358 msgid "" "The Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) " "provides connection-oriented and connectionless data services to upper layer " @@ -91496,7 +92540,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64249 +#: book.translate.xml:64366 msgid "" "L2CAP is based around the concept of channels. A channel is a logical connection on top of a baseband " @@ -91508,7 +92552,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64260 +#: book.translate.xml:64377 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, a netgraph L2CAP node is created for each " "Bluetooth device. This node is normally connected to the downstream " @@ -91520,7 +92564,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64268 +#: book.translate.xml:64385 msgid "" "A useful command is l2ping8, which can be used to " @@ -91530,7 +92574,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64273 +#: book.translate.xml:64390 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# l2ping -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4\n" @@ -91541,7 +92585,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64279 +#: book.translate.xml:64396 msgid "" "The l2control8 utility is used to perform various operations on " @@ -91551,7 +92595,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64285 +#: book.translate.xml:64402 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% l2control -a 00:02:72:00:d4:1a read_channel_list\n" @@ -91565,7 +92609,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64294 +#: book.translate.xml:64411 msgid "" "Another diagnostic tool is btsockstat1. It is similar to " @@ -91577,7 +92621,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64300 +#: book.translate.xml:64417 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% btsockstat\n" @@ -91593,12 +92637,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:64313 +#: book.translate.xml:64430 msgid "Radio Frequency Communication (RFCOMM)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64316 +#: book.translate.xml:64433 msgid "" "The RFCOMM protocol provides emulation of serial ports " "over the L2CAP protocol. RFCOMM is a " @@ -91609,7 +92653,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64325 +#: book.translate.xml:64442 msgid "" "For the purposes of RFCOMM, a complete communication path " "involves two applications running on the communication endpoints with a " @@ -91620,7 +92664,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64334 +#: book.translate.xml:64451 msgid "" "RFCOMM is only concerned with the connection between the " "devices in the direct connect case, or between the device and a modem in the " @@ -91630,7 +92674,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64342 +#: book.translate.xml:64459 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, RFCOMM is implemented at the Bluetooth " "sockets layer." @@ -91637,17 +92681,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:64347 +#: book.translate.xml:64464 msgid "Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64350 +#: book.translate.xml:64467 msgid "SDP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64354 +#: book.translate.xml:64471 msgid "" "The Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) provides the means " "for client applications to discover the existence of services provided by " @@ -91657,7 +92701,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64362 +#: book.translate.xml:64479 msgid "" "SDP involves communication between a SDP server and a SDP client. The server maintains a " @@ -91673,7 +92717,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64377 +#: book.translate.xml:64494 msgid "" "Normally, a SDP client searches for services based on " "some desired characteristics of the services. However, there are times when " @@ -91684,7 +92728,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64386 +#: book.translate.xml:64503 msgid "" "The Bluetooth SDP server, " "sdpd8% sdpcontrol -a 00:01:03:fc:6e:ec browse\n" @@ -91724,7 +92768,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64415 +#: book.translate.xml:64532 msgid "" "Note that each service has a list of attributes, such as the " "RFCOMM channel. Depending on the service, the user might " @@ -91736,13 +92780,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64425 +#: book.translate.xml:64542 #, no-wrap msgid "% sdpcontrol -a 00:01:03:fc:6e:ec search OPUSH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64427 +#: book.translate.xml:64544 msgid "" "Offering services on FreeBSD to Bluetooth clients is done with the " "sdpd8sdpd8 daemon can be started with:" @@ -91764,13 +92808,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64435 +#: book.translate.xml:64552 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sdpd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64437 +#: book.translate.xml:64554 msgid "" "The local server application that wants to provide a Bluetooth service to " "remote clients will register the service with the local SDPSDP server " "can be obtained by issuing a SDP browse query via the " @@ -91789,23 +92833,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64449 +#: book.translate.xml:64566 #, no-wrap msgid "# sdpcontrol -l browse" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:64453 +#: book.translate.xml:64570 msgid "OBEX Object Push (OPUSH)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64456 +#: book.translate.xml:64573 msgid "OBEX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64460 +#: book.translate.xml:64577 msgid "" "Object Exchange (OBEX) is a widely used protocol for " "simple file transfers between mobile devices. Its main use is in infrared " @@ -91816,7 +92860,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64469 +#: book.translate.xml:64586 msgid "" "The OBEX server and client are implemented by " "obexapp, which can be installed using the " @@ -91824,7 +92868,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64474 +#: book.translate.xml:64591 msgid "" "The OBEX client is used to push and/or pull objects from " "the OBEX server. An example object is a business card or " @@ -91841,7 +92885,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64490 +#: book.translate.xml:64607 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% obexapp -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4 -C IrMC\n" @@ -91854,7 +92898,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64498 +#: book.translate.xml:64615 msgid "" "In order to provide the OPUSH service, " "sdpd8# obexapp -s -C 10" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:64514 +#: book.translate.xml:64631 msgid "Serial Port Profile (SPP)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64516 +#: book.translate.xml:64633 msgid "" "The Serial Port Profile (SPP) allows Bluetooth devices to " "perform serial cable emulation. This profile allows legacy applications to " @@ -91889,7 +92933,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64522 +#: book.translate.xml:64639 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, rfcomm_sppd1 implements " @@ -91903,7 +92947,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64532 +#: book.translate.xml:64649 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# rfcomm_sppd -a 00:07:E0:00:0B:CA -t\n" @@ -91912,23 +92956,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64536 +#: book.translate.xml:64653 msgid "Once connected, the pseudo tty can be used as serial port:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64539 +#: book.translate.xml:64656 #, no-wrap msgid "# cu -l /dev/pts/6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64541 +#: book.translate.xml:64658 msgid "The pseudo tty is printed on stdout and can be read by wrapper scripts:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64544 +#: book.translate.xml:64661 #, no-wrap msgid "" "PTS=`rfcomm_sppd -a 00:07:E0:00:0B:CA -t`\n" @@ -91936,7 +92980,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64552 +#: book.translate.xml:64669 msgid "" "By default, when FreeBSD is accepting a new connection, it tries to perform " "a role switch and become master. Some older Bluetooth devices which do not " @@ -91947,13 +92991,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64561 +#: book.translate.xml:64678 #, no-wrap msgid "# hccontrol -n ubt0hci write_node_role_switch 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64563 +#: book.translate.xml:64680 msgid "" "To display Bluetooth packets, use the third-party package " "hcidump, which can be installed using the " @@ -91965,12 +93009,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:64574 +#: book.translate.xml:64691 msgid "Bridging" msgstr "橋接" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:64577 book.translate.xml:65038 +#: book.translate.xml:64694 book.translate.xml:65155 msgid "" " Andrew Thompson Written by " @@ -91977,17 +93021,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64587 +#: book.translate.xml:64704 msgid "IP subnet" msgstr "IP 子網段" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64590 +#: book.translate.xml:64707 msgid "bridge" msgstr "橋接" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:64594 +#: book.translate.xml:64711 msgid "" "It is sometimes useful to divide a network, such as an Ethernet segment, " "into network segments without having to create IP subnets " @@ -91996,7 +93040,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:64601 +#: book.translate.xml:64718 msgid "" "A bridge works by learning the MAC addresses of the " "devices on each of its network interfaces. It forwards traffic between " @@ -92007,17 +93051,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:64609 +#: book.translate.xml:64726 msgid "Bridging can be useful in the following situations:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64613 +#: book.translate.xml:64730 msgid "Connecting Networks" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64615 +#: book.translate.xml:64732 msgid "" "The basic operation of a bridge is to join two or more network segments. " "There are many reasons to use a host-based bridge instead of networking " @@ -92027,12 +93071,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64625 +#: book.translate.xml:64742 msgid "Filtering/Traffic Shaping Firewall" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64627 +#: book.translate.xml:64744 msgid "" "A bridge can be used when firewall functionality is needed without routing " "or Network Address Translation (NAT)." @@ -92039,7 +93083,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64631 +#: book.translate.xml:64748 msgid "" "An example is a small company that is connected via DSL " "or ISDN to an ISP. There are thirteen " @@ -92050,12 +93094,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64644 +#: book.translate.xml:64761 msgid "Network Tap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64646 +#: book.translate.xml:64763 msgid "" "A bridge can join two network segments in order to inspect all Ethernet " "frames that pass between them using bpfVPN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64657 +#: book.translate.xml:64774 msgid "" "Two Ethernet networks can be joined across an IP link by " "bridging the networks to an EtherIP tunnel or a " @@ -92080,12 +93124,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64665 +#: book.translate.xml:64782 msgid "Layer 2 Redundancy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64667 +#: book.translate.xml:64784 msgid "" "A network can be connected together with multiple links and use the Spanning " "Tree Protocol (STP) to block redundant paths." @@ -92092,7 +93136,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:64674 +#: book.translate.xml:64791 msgid "" "This section describes how to configure a FreeBSD system as a bridge using " "if_bridge4pfil9if_bridge4 is a kernel module " @@ -92130,7 +93174,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64695 +#: book.translate.xml:64812 msgid "" "The bridge is created using interface cloning. To create the bridge " "interface:" @@ -92137,7 +93181,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64698 +#: book.translate.xml:64815 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig bridge create\n" @@ -92151,7 +93195,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64707 +#: book.translate.xml:64824 msgid "" "When a bridge interface is created, it is automatically assigned a randomly " "generated Ethernet address. The maxaddr and " @@ -92162,7 +93206,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64716 +#: book.translate.xml:64833 msgid "" "Next, specify which network interfaces to add as members of the bridge. For " "the bridge to forward packets, all member interfaces and the bridge need to " @@ -92170,7 +93214,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64720 +#: book.translate.xml:64837 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig bridge0 addm fxp0 addm fxp1 up\n" @@ -92179,7 +93223,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64724 +#: book.translate.xml:64841 msgid "" "The bridge can now forward Ethernet frames between fxp0 " "and fxp1. Add the following lines to /etc/rc." @@ -92187,7 +93231,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64729 +#: book.translate.xml:64846 #, no-wrap msgid "" "cloned_interfaces=\"bridge0\"\n" @@ -92197,7 +93241,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64734 +#: book.translate.xml:64851 msgid "" "If the bridge host needs an IP address, set it on the " "bridge interface, not on the member interfaces. The address can be set " @@ -92206,13 +93250,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64740 +#: book.translate.xml:64857 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig bridge0 inet 192.168.0.1/24" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64742 +#: book.translate.xml:64859 msgid "" "It is also possible to assign an IPv6 address to a bridge " "interface. To make the changes permanent, add the addressing information to " @@ -92220,7 +93264,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:64748 +#: book.translate.xml:64865 msgid "" "When packet filtering is enabled, bridged packets will pass through the " "filter inbound on the originating interface on the bridge interface, and " @@ -92230,7 +93274,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:64755 +#: book.translate.xml:64872 msgid "" "The bridge has several configurable settings for passing non-IP and IP packets, and layer2 firewalling with " @@ -92240,12 +93284,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:64763 +#: book.translate.xml:64880 msgid "Enabling Spanning Tree" msgstr "開啟 Spanning Tree" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64765 +#: book.translate.xml:64882 msgid "" "For an Ethernet network to function properly, only one active path can exist " "between two devices. The STP protocol detects loops and " @@ -92255,7 +93299,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64773 +#: book.translate.xml:64890 msgid "" "The Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP or 802.1w) " "provides backwards compatibility with legacy STP. " @@ -92267,7 +93311,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64782 +#: book.translate.xml:64899 msgid "" "STP can be enabled on member interfaces using " "ifconfig8# ifconfig bridge0 stp fxp0 stp fxp1\n" @@ -92295,7 +93339,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64800 +#: book.translate.xml:64917 msgid "" "This bridge has a spanning tree ID of 00:01:02:4b:d4:50 " "and a priority of 32768. As the root idSTP enabled:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64809 +#: book.translate.xml:64926 #, no-wrap msgid "" "bridge0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n" @@ -92325,7 +93369,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64821 +#: book.translate.xml:64938 msgid "" "The line root id 00:01:02:4b:d4:50 priority 32768 ifcost 400000 " "port 4 shows that the root bridge is 00:01:02:4b:d4:50ifconfig parameters are unique to bridge " "interfaces. This section summarizes some common uses for these parameters. " @@ -92350,12 +93394,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64839 +#: book.translate.xml:64956 msgid "private" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64841 +#: book.translate.xml:64958 msgid "" "A private interface does not forward any traffic to any other port that is " "also designated as a private interface. The traffic is blocked " @@ -92365,12 +93409,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64852 +#: book.translate.xml:64969 msgid "span" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64854 +#: book.translate.xml:64971 msgid "" "A span port transmits a copy of every Ethernet frame received by the bridge. " "The number of span ports configured on a bridge is unlimited, but if an " @@ -92382,18 +93426,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64864 +#: book.translate.xml:64981 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig bridge0 span fxp4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64869 +#: book.translate.xml:64986 msgid "sticky" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64871 +#: book.translate.xml:64988 msgid "" "If a bridge member interface is marked as sticky, dynamically learned " "address entries are treated as static entries in the forwarding cache. " @@ -92405,7 +93449,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64881 +#: book.translate.xml:64998 msgid "" "An example of using sticky addresses is to combine the bridge with " "VLANs in order to isolate customer networks without " @@ -92417,7 +93461,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64890 +#: book.translate.xml:65007 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig bridge0 addm vlan100 sticky vlan100 addm vlan101 sticky vlan101\n" @@ -92425,7 +93469,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64893 +#: book.translate.xml:65010 msgid "" "In this example, both clients see 192.168.0.1 as their default gateway. Since the bridge cache " @@ -92434,7 +93478,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64899 +#: book.translate.xml:65016 msgid "" "Any communication between the VLANs can be blocked using " "a firewall or, as seen in this example, private interfaces:" @@ -92441,13 +93485,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64903 +#: book.translate.xml:65020 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig bridge0 private vlan100 private vlan101" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64905 +#: book.translate.xml:65022 msgid "" "The customers are completely isolated from each other and the full " "/24 address range can be " @@ -92455,7 +93499,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64909 +#: book.translate.xml:65026 msgid "" "The number of unique source MAC addresses behind an " "interface can be limited. Once the limit is reached, packets with unknown " @@ -92464,7 +93508,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64915 +#: book.translate.xml:65032 msgid "" "The following example sets the maximum number of Ethernet devices for " "CustomerA on " @@ -92472,13 +93516,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64919 +#: book.translate.xml:65036 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig bridge0 ifmaxaddr vlan100 10" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64924 +#: book.translate.xml:65041 msgid "" "Bridge interfaces also support monitor mode, where the packets are discarded " "after bpf4# ifconfig bridge0 addm fxp0 addm fxp1 addm fxp2 addm fxp3 monitor up\n" @@ -92500,12 +93544,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:64938 +#: book.translate.xml:65055 msgid "SNMP Monitoring" msgstr "SNMP 監視" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64940 +#: book.translate.xml:65057 msgid "" "The bridge interface and STP parameters can be monitored " "via bsnmpd1/etc/" -"snmp.config by removing the beginning # symbol:" +"snmpd.config by removing the beginning # " +"symbol:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64951 +#: book.translate.xml:65068 #, no-wrap msgid "begemotSnmpdModulePath.\"bridge\" = \"/usr/lib/snmp_bridge.so\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64953 +#: book.translate.xml:65070 msgid "" "Other configuration settings, such as community names and access lists, may " "need to be modified in this file. See bsnmpdbsnmpd1:" @@ -92553,13 +93598,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64963 +#: book.translate.xml:65080 #, no-wrap msgid "# service bsnmpd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64965 +#: book.translate.xml:65082 msgid "" "The following examples use the Net-SNMP software " "(net-mgmt/net-snmp) to query a bridge from a client " @@ -92571,7 +93616,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64975 +#: book.translate.xml:65092 #, no-wrap msgid "" "mibdirs +/usr/share/snmp/mibs\n" @@ -92579,12 +93624,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64978 +#: book.translate.xml:65095 msgid "To monitor a single bridge using the IETF BRIDGE-MIB (RFC4188):" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64981 +#: book.translate.xml:65098 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% snmpwalk -v 2c -c public bridge1.example.com mib-2.dot1dBridge\n" @@ -92606,7 +93651,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64998 +#: book.translate.xml:65115 msgid "" "The dot1dStpTopChanges.0 value is two, indicating that " "the STP bridge topology has changed twice. A topology " @@ -92617,7 +93662,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65006 +#: book.translate.xml:65123 msgid "" "To monitor multiple bridge interfaces, the private BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB can be " "used:" @@ -92624,7 +93669,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65009 +#: book.translate.xml:65126 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% snmpwalk -v 2c -c public bridge1.example.com\n" @@ -92645,7 +93690,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65025 +#: book.translate.xml:65142 msgid "" "To change the bridge interface being monitored via the mib-2." "dot1dBridge subtree:" @@ -92652,7 +93697,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65028 +#: book.translate.xml:65145 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% snmpset -v 2c -c private bridge1.example.com\n" @@ -92660,42 +93705,42 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:65035 +#: book.translate.xml:65152 msgid "Link Aggregation and Failover" msgstr "Link Aggregation 與容錯移轉" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:65048 +#: book.translate.xml:65165 msgid "lagg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:65051 +#: book.translate.xml:65168 msgid "failover" msgstr "容錯移轉" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:65054 +#: book.translate.xml:65171 msgid "FEC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:65057 +#: book.translate.xml:65174 msgid "LACP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:65060 +#: book.translate.xml:65177 msgid "loadbalance" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:65063 +#: book.translate.xml:65180 msgid "roundrobin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:65067 +#: book.translate.xml:65184 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides the lagg4 interface which can be " @@ -92708,7 +93753,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:65077 +#: book.translate.xml:65194 msgid "" "The aggregation protocols supported by the lagg interface determine which " "ports are used for outgoing traffic and whether or not a specific port " @@ -92718,12 +93763,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:65084 +#: book.translate.xml:65201 msgid "failover" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65086 +#: book.translate.xml:65203 msgid "" "This mode sends and receives traffic only through the master port. If the " "master port becomes unavailable, the next active port is used. The first " @@ -92734,12 +93779,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:65098 +#: book.translate.xml:65215 msgid "fec / loadbalance" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65100 +#: book.translate.xml:65217 msgid "" "Cisco Fast EtherChannel (FEC) is found on " @@ -92750,12 +93795,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:65110 +#: book.translate.xml:65227 msgid "lacp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65112 +#: book.translate.xml:65229 msgid "" "The IEEE 802.3ad Link " "Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) negotiates a set of " @@ -92769,7 +93814,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65126 +#: book.translate.xml:65243 msgid "" "LACP balances outgoing traffic across the active ports " "based on hashed protocol header information and accepts incoming traffic " @@ -92780,12 +93825,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:65138 +#: book.translate.xml:65255 msgid "roundrobin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65140 +#: book.translate.xml:65257 msgid "" "This mode distributes outgoing traffic using a round-robin scheduler through " "all active ports and accepts incoming traffic from any active port. Since " @@ -92793,12 +93838,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:65150 +#: book.translate.xml:65267 msgid "Configuration Examples" msgstr "設定範例" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65152 +#: book.translate.xml:65269 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to configure a Cisco switch and a FreeBSD system for LACP " @@ -92808,7 +93853,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:65160 +#: book.translate.xml:65277 msgid "" "LACP Aggregation with a Cisco Switch" @@ -92817,7 +93862,7 @@ "LACP Aggregation" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65163 +#: book.translate.xml:65280 msgid "" "This example connects two fxp4 Ethernet interfaces on " @@ -92830,7 +93875,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65172 +#: book.translate.xml:65289 msgid "" "Frame ordering is mandatory on Ethernet links and any traffic between two " "stations always flows over the same physical link, limiting the maximum " @@ -92840,7 +93885,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65180 +#: book.translate.xml:65297 msgid "" "On the Cisco switch, add the " "FastEthernet0/1 and FastEthernet0/2interface FastEthernet0/1\n" @@ -92861,7 +93906,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65193 +#: book.translate.xml:65310 msgid "" "On the FreeBSD system, create the lagg4 interface using the " @@ -92871,7 +93916,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65200 +#: book.translate.xml:65317 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig fxp0 up\n" @@ -92881,12 +93926,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65205 +#: book.translate.xml:65322 msgid "Next, verify the status of the virtual interface:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65207 +#: book.translate.xml:65324 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig lagg0\n" @@ -92901,7 +93946,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65217 +#: book.translate.xml:65334 msgid "" "Ports marked as ACTIVE are part of the LAG that has been negotiated with the remote switch. Traffic will be " @@ -92910,7 +93955,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65225 +#: book.translate.xml:65342 msgid "" "To see the port status on the Cisco switch:" @@ -92917,7 +93962,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65227 +#: book.translate.xml:65344 #, no-wrap msgid "" "switch# show lacp neighbor\n" @@ -92936,12 +93981,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65241 +#: book.translate.xml:65358 msgid "For more detail, type show lacp neighbor detail." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65244 +#: book.translate.xml:65361 msgid "" "To retain this configuration across reboots, add the following entries to " "/etc/rc.conf on the FreeBSD system:" @@ -92948,7 +93993,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65248 +#: book.translate.xml:65365 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ifconfig_fxp0=\"up\"\n" @@ -92958,12 +94003,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:65255 +#: book.translate.xml:65372 msgid "Failover Mode" msgstr "容錯移轉模式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65257 +#: book.translate.xml:65374 msgid "" "Failover mode can be used to switch over to a secondary interface if the " "link is lost on the master interface. To configure failover, make sure that " @@ -92976,7 +94021,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65267 +#: book.translate.xml:65384 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig fxp0 up\n" @@ -92986,12 +94031,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65272 book.translate.xml:65361 +#: book.translate.xml:65389 book.translate.xml:65478 msgid "The virtual interface should look something like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65275 +#: book.translate.xml:65392 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig lagg0\n" @@ -93007,7 +94052,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65286 +#: book.translate.xml:65403 msgid "" "Traffic will be transmitted and received on fxp0. " "If the link is lost on fxp0, fxp1/etc/rc.conf:" @@ -93023,7 +94068,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65297 +#: book.translate.xml:65414 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ifconfig_fxp0=\"up\"\n" @@ -93033,12 +94078,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:65304 +#: book.translate.xml:65421 msgid "Failover Mode Between Ethernet and Wireless Interfaces" msgstr "乙太網路與無線介面間的容錯移轉模式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65307 +#: book.translate.xml:65424 msgid "" "For laptop users, it is usually desirable to configure the wireless device " "as a secondary which is only used when the Ethernet connection is not " @@ -93050,7 +94095,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65315 +#: book.translate.xml:65432 msgid "" "This is achieved by overriding the physical wireless interface's " "MAC address with that of the Ethernet interface." @@ -93057,7 +94102,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65319 +#: book.translate.xml:65436 msgid "" "In this example, the Ethernet interface, bge0, is " "the master and the wireless interface, wlan0, is " @@ -93068,7 +94113,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65329 +#: book.translate.xml:65446 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig bge0\n" @@ -93082,7 +94127,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65338 +#: book.translate.xml:65455 msgid "" "Replace bge0 to match the system's Ethernet " "interface name. The ether line will contain the " @@ -93091,13 +94136,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65345 +#: book.translate.xml:65462 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig iwn0 ether 00:21:70:da:ae:37" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65347 +#: book.translate.xml:65464 msgid "" "Bring the wireless interface up, but do not set an IP " "address:" @@ -93104,13 +94149,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65350 +#: book.translate.xml:65467 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev iwn0 ssid my_router up" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65352 +#: book.translate.xml:65469 msgid "" "Make sure the bge0 interface is up, then create " "the lagg4# ifconfig bge0 up\n" @@ -93128,7 +94173,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65364 +#: book.translate.xml:65481 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig lagg0\n" @@ -93143,7 +94188,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65374 +#: book.translate.xml:65491 msgid "" "Then, start the DHCP client to obtain an IP address:" @@ -93150,13 +94195,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65377 +#: book.translate.xml:65494 #, no-wrap msgid "# dhclient lagg0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65383 +#: book.translate.xml:65500 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ifconfig_bge0=\"up\"\n" @@ -93168,12 +94213,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:65395 +#: book.translate.xml:65512 msgid "Diskless Operation with PXE" msgstr "PXE 無磁碟作業" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:65398 +#: book.translate.xml:65515 msgid "" " Jean-François Dockès " " Updated by " @@ -93180,7 +94225,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:65407 +#: book.translate.xml:65524 msgid "" " Alex Dupre Reorganized and enhanced by " @@ -93187,17 +94232,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:65417 +#: book.translate.xml:65534 msgid "diskless workstation" msgstr "無磁碟工作站" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:65420 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "diskless operation" msgstr "無磁碟作業" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:65424 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The Intel Preboot eXecution " "Environment (PXE) allows an operating system to boot over " @@ -93211,7 +94256,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:65435 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "In order to provide the files needed for an operating system to boot over " "the network, a PXE setup also requires properly " @@ -93220,7 +94265,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65443 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Initial parameters, such as an IP address, executable " "boot filename and location, server name, and root path are obtained from the " @@ -93228,18 +94273,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65450 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The operating system loader file is booted using TFTP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65455 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "The file systems are loaded using NFS." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:65460 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "When a computer PXE boots, it receives information over " "DHCP about where to obtain the initial boot loader file. " @@ -93252,7 +94297,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:65471 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "This section describes how to configure these services on a FreeBSD system " "so that other systems can PXE boot into FreeBSD. Refer to " @@ -93261,7 +94306,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: caution/para -#: book.translate.xml:65477 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "As described, the system providing these services is insecure. It should " "live in a protected area of a network and be untrusted by other hosts." @@ -93268,18 +94313,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:65484 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Setting Up the PXE Environment" msgstr "設定 PXE 環境" #. (itstool) path: affiliation/address -#: book.translate.xml:65494 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "rodrigc@FreeBSD.org" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:65488 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" " Craig Rodrigues <_:address-1/> Written by " @@ -93287,7 +94332,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65501 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The steps shown in this section configure the built-in NFS and TFTP servers. The next section demonstrates " @@ -93300,7 +94345,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:65515 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Create the root directory which will contain a FreeBSD installation to be " "NFS mounted:" @@ -93307,7 +94352,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65518 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# export NFSROOTDIR=/b/tftpboot/FreeBSD/install\n" @@ -93315,7 +94360,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:65523 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Enable the NFS server by adding this line to /" "etc/rc.conf:" @@ -93322,13 +94367,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65526 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "nfs_server_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:65530 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Export the diskless root directory via NFS by adding the " "following to /etc/exports:" @@ -93335,7 +94380,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65534 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "/b -ro -alldirs" msgstr "" @@ -94881,6 +95926,8 @@ "FreeBSD CD and DVD sets are available " "from several online retailers:" msgstr "" +"FreeBSD CD 以及 DVD 組可從以下幾個線上" +"零售商取得：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/address #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -94956,6 +96003,11 @@ "is made up of many machines operated by the project cluster administrators " "and behind GeoDNS to direct users to the closest available mirror." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 的官方原始碼可從全球任一鏡像站透過匿名 FTP 取得。" +"其中 ftp://ftp." +"FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ 站可使用 HTTP 及 " +"FTP，該站是由多台由計畫叢集管理員所維護的主機所組成，且在 " +"GeoDNS 之後，可導向使用者到最近可用的鏡像站。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -94973,6 +96025,13 @@ "methods available for each site are provided in parentheses after the " "hostname." msgstr "" +"除此之外，FreeBSD 也可透過匿名 FTP 從下列鏡像站取得。要透" +"過匿名 FTP 取得 FreeBSD 時，請先嘗試使用臨近的站台。列在 " +"主要鏡像站 中的鏡像站通常會有完整的 FreeBSD 封存檔 (每一個架構" +"目前所有可用的版本)，但若要考慮下載速度，可能要使用您所在國家或區域的站台。區" +"域的站台會有熱門架構最近期的版本，但不會有完整的 FreeBSD 封存檔。所有站台皆提" +"供匿名 FTP 存取只有部份站台會以其他方式提供存取。每個站台" +"可用的存取方式會列在主機名稱後的括號當中。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95002,6 +96061,33 @@ "\">Ukraine, United Kingdom, " "USA." msgstr "" +"中央伺服器、主要鏡像站、亞美尼亞 " +"(Armenia)、澳洲 (Australia)、" +"奧地利 (Austria)、巴西 (Brazil)、中" +"國 (China)、捷克 (Czech Republic)、丹麥 (Denmark)、愛沙尼亞 (Estonia)、芬蘭 (Finland)、法國 (France)、德國 (Germany)、希臘 (Greece)、香" +"港 (Hong Kong)、愛爾蘭 (Ireland)、日本 (Japan)、韓國 (Korea)、拉脫" +"維亞 (Latvia)、立陶宛 (Lithuania)、荷蘭 (Netherlands)、紐西蘭 (New Zealand)、挪威 (Norway)、波" +"蘭 (Poland)、俄羅斯 (Russia)、" +"沙烏地阿拉伯 (Saudi Arabia)、斯洛維尼亞 (Slovenia)、南非 (South Africa)、西班牙 (Spain)、瑞典 (Sweden)、瑞士 (Switzerland)、台灣 (Taiwan)、烏克蘭 (Ukraine)、英國 (United " +"Kingdom)、美國 (USA)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95011,7 +96097,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Central Servers" -msgstr "" +msgstr "中央伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95026,7 +96112,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Primary Mirror Sites" -msgstr "" +msgstr "主要鏡像站" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95034,6 +96120,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster mirror-" "admin@FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 mirror-admin@FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95122,7 +96210,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Armenia" -msgstr "" +msgstr "亞美尼亞 (Armenia)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95130,6 +96218,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@am." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@am.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95143,7 +96233,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Australia" -msgstr "" +msgstr "澳洲 (Australia)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95151,6 +96241,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@au." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@au.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95176,7 +96268,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Austria" -msgstr "" +msgstr "奧地利 (Austria)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95184,6 +96276,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@at." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@at.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95198,7 +96292,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Brazil" -msgstr "" +msgstr "巴西 (Brazil)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95206,6 +96300,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@br." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@br.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95232,7 +96328,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "China" -msgstr "" +msgstr "中國 (China)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95240,6 +96336,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@cn." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@cn.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95251,7 +96349,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Czech Republic" -msgstr "" +msgstr "捷克 (Czech Republic)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95259,6 +96357,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@cz." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@cz.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95283,7 +96383,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Denmark" -msgstr "" +msgstr "丹麥 (Denmark)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95291,6 +96391,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@dk." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@dk.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95305,7 +96407,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Estonia" -msgstr "" +msgstr "愛沙尼亞 (Estonia)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95313,6 +96415,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@ee." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@ee.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95324,7 +96428,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Finland" -msgstr "" +msgstr "芬蘭 (Finland)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95332,6 +96436,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@fi." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@fi.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95343,7 +96449,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "France" -msgstr "" +msgstr "法國 (France)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95351,6 +96457,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@fr." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@fr.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95406,7 +96514,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Germany" -msgstr "" +msgstr "德國 (Germany)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95414,6 +96522,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster de-bsd-hubs@de." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@de.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95474,7 +96584,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Greece" -msgstr "" +msgstr "希臘 (Greece)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95482,6 +96592,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@gr." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@gr.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95500,7 +96612,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Hong Kong" -msgstr "" +msgstr "香港 (Hong Kong)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95512,7 +96624,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Ireland" -msgstr "" +msgstr "愛爾蘭 (Ireland)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95531,7 +96643,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Japan" -msgstr "" +msgstr "日本 (Japan)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95539,6 +96651,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@jp." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@jp.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95606,7 +96720,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Korea" -msgstr "" +msgstr "韓國 (Korea)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95614,6 +96728,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@kr." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@kr.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95633,7 +96749,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Latvia" -msgstr "" +msgstr "拉脫維亞 (Latvia)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95641,6 +96757,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@lv." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@lv.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95653,7 +96771,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Lithuania" -msgstr "" +msgstr "立陶宛 (Lithuania)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95661,6 +96779,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@lt." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@lt.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95673,7 +96793,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Netherlands" -msgstr "" +msgstr "荷蘭 (Netherlands)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95681,6 +96801,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@nl." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@nl.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95701,7 +96823,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "New Zealand" -msgstr "" +msgstr "紐西蘭 (New Zealand)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95714,7 +96836,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Norway" -msgstr "" +msgstr "挪威 (Norway)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95722,6 +96844,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@no." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@no.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95733,7 +96857,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Poland" -msgstr "" +msgstr "波蘭 (Poland)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95741,6 +96865,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@pl." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@pl.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95757,7 +96883,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Russia" -msgstr "" +msgstr "俄羅斯 (Russia)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95765,6 +96891,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@ru." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@ru.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95809,7 +96937,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Saudi Arabia" -msgstr "" +msgstr "沙烏地阿拉伯 (Saudi Arabia)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95817,6 +96945,7 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster ftpadmin@isu.net." "sa for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 ftpadmin@isu.net.sa。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95828,7 +96957,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Slovenia" -msgstr "" +msgstr "斯洛維尼亞 (Slovenia)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95836,6 +96965,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@si." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@si.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95847,7 +96978,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "South Africa" -msgstr "" +msgstr "南非 (South Africa)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95855,6 +96986,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@za." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@za.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95880,7 +97013,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Spain" -msgstr "" +msgstr "西班牙 (Spain)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95888,6 +97021,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@es." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@es.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95907,7 +97042,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Sweden" -msgstr "" +msgstr "瑞典 (Sweden)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95915,6 +97050,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@se." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@se.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95963,7 +97100,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Switzerland" -msgstr "" +msgstr "瑞士 (Switzerland)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95971,6 +97108,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@ch." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@ch.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95983,7 +97122,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Taiwan" -msgstr "" +msgstr "台灣 (Taiwan)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95991,6 +97130,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@tw." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@tw.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96088,7 +97229,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Ukraine" -msgstr "" +msgstr "烏克蘭 (Ukraine)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96118,7 +97259,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "United Kingdom" -msgstr "" +msgstr "英國 (United Kingdom)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96126,6 +97267,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@uk." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@uk.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96167,7 +97310,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "USA" -msgstr "" +msgstr "美國 (USA)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96175,6 +97318,8 @@ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@us." "FreeBSD.org for this domain." msgstr "" +"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@us.FreeBSD.org。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96278,6 +97423,8 @@ "only version control system for storing all of FreeBSD's source code, " "documentation, and the Ports Collection." msgstr "" +"自 2012 年 7 月起，FreeBSD 儲存所有 FreeBSD 的原始碼、文件與 Port 套件集均使" +"用 Subversion 作為其唯一的版本控制系統。" #. (itstool) path: note/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96288,6 +97435,10 @@ "and portsnap () to update " "the FreeBSD Ports Collection." msgstr "" +"Subversion 只是一套開發人員工具。一般使用者可能會" +"較喜歡使用 freebsd-update () 來更新 FreeBSD 基礎系統及 portsnap () 來更新 FreeBSD Port 套件集。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96297,6 +97448,9 @@ "FreeBSD repository. Additional information on the use of " "Subversion is included." msgstr "" +"本節將示範如何在 FreeBSD 系統安裝 Subversion 以及" +"使用它建立一個本地的 FreeBSD 檔案庫複本，也包含使用 Subversion 的其他資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96311,6 +97465,9 @@ "HTTPS repository servers. The root SSL " "certificates can be installed from a port:" msgstr "" +"安裝 security/ca_root_nss 可讓 " +"Subversion 能夠驗証 HTTPS 檔案" +"庫伺服器的身份。root SSL 憑証可從 Port 安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96323,7 +97480,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "or as a package:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "或從套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96345,6 +97502,10 @@ "Python or Perl API is needed, or if a later version of " "Subversion is desired." msgstr "" +"svnlite 為輕量化版的 Subversion，會隨 FreeBSD 安裝。Subversion 的 " +"Port 或套件版本僅在要使用其 Python 或 Perl API 或想要使用" +"最新版本 Subversion 時才需安裝，" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96352,6 +97513,8 @@ "The only difference from normal Subversion use is " "that the command name is svnlite." msgstr "" +"與正常 Subversion 唯一的差別只是指令名稱改為 " +"svnlite。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96364,6 +97527,8 @@ "If svnlite is unavailable or the full version of " "Subversion is needed, then it must be installed." msgstr "" +"若無法使用 svnlite 或需要完整版本的 " +"Subversion 就必須安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96370,13 +97535,13 @@ msgid "" "Subversion can be installed from the Ports " "Collection:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Subversion 可從 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Subversion can also be installed as a package:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Subversion 也可以以套件安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96390,6 +97555,8 @@ "svn. The files in this directory are called a " "local working copy." msgstr "" +"要下載原始碼乾淨的複本到本地目錄可使用 svn。在此目錄中的檔" +"案稱作 本地工作複本 (Local working copy)。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96397,6 +97564,7 @@ "Move or delete an existing destination directory before using " "checkout for the first time." msgstr "" +"在第一次使用 checkout 前請先移動或刪除目地現有的目錄。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96405,6 +97573,8 @@ "conflicts between the existing files and those brought in from the " "repository." msgstr "" +"在現有非 svn 目錄存在的情況下做取出 (Checkout) 的動作會導" +"致現有檔案與檔案庫中的檔案發生衝突。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96419,12 +97589,19 @@ "specifies the main branch of the ports repository, using the https protocol." msgstr "" +"Subversion 使用 URL 來指定檔案" +"庫，使用的格式為 protocol://hostname/path。路徑的" +"第一個部份為要存取的 FreeBSD 檔案庫，目前有三個檔案庫，base 為 FreeBSD 基礎系統原始碼、ports 為 Port 套件集以" +"及 doc 為說明文件。舉例來說，URL https://svn." +"FreeBSD.org/ports/head/ 代表 Port 檔案庫的主要分支，使用 " +"https 通訊協定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "A checkout from a given repository is performed with a command like this:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "使用指令從指定的檔案庫取出 (Checkout) 原始碼如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96438,6 +97615,8 @@ "repository is one of the Project repositories: " "base, ports, or doc." msgstr "" +"repository 要是下列專案檔案庫其中之一：" +"base, ports 或 doc。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96450,6 +97629,12 @@ "literal> (9.x) and stable/10 " "(10.x)." msgstr "" +"branch 則依據使用的檔案庫來決定。ports 與 doc 大部份的更新皆在 head " +"分支，而 base 則會將 -CURRENT 的最新版本存放在 " +"head 下，-STABLE 分支各自最新的版本則會放在 " +"stable/9 (9.x) 與 " +"stable/10 (10.x) 下。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96460,6 +97645,10 @@ "for base, and /usr/doc for " "doc." msgstr "" +"lwcdir 則是要存放指定分支內容的目標目錄，通常 " +"ports 會置於 /usr/ports，" +"base 會置於 /usr/src 以及 " +"doc 會置於 /usr/doc。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96470,6 +97659,10 @@ "already present but was not created by svn, remember to " "rename or delete it before the checkout." msgstr "" +"以下範例會使用 HTTPS 協定從 FreeBSD 的檔案庫取出 Port 套件" +"集，並將本地工作複本放置於 /usr/ports。若 /" +"usr/ports 已存在，且不是由 svn 所建立的，記得要" +"在取出之前重新命名或刪除。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96477,12 +97670,14 @@ "Because the initial checkout must download the full branch of the remote " "repository, it can take a while. Please be patient." msgstr "" +"由於首次取出的動作必須下載遠端檔案庫中完整的分支，會需要花費一段時間，請耐心" +"等候。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "After the initial checkout, the local working copy can be updated by running:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "首次取出之後，往後要更新本地工作複本可以執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96494,7 +97689,7 @@ #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "To update /usr/ports created in the example above, use:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "要更新上述範例所建立的 /usr/ports 可執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96501,7 +97696,7 @@ msgid "" "The update is much quicker than a checkout, only transferring files that " "have changed." -msgstr "" +msgstr "因為只會傳輸有更新過的檔案，更新的動作會比取出還要快速。" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96517,6 +97712,11 @@ "directories. Set SVN_UPDATE and use the <_:buildtarget-1/" "> target. For example, to update /usr/src:" msgstr "" +"另一種在取出之後更新本地工作複本的方式是透過 /usr/ports, /usr/src 以及 /usr/doc " +"目錄所提供的 Makefile。設定 SVN_UPDATE 並使用 <_:buildtarget-1/> 目標。例如要更新 /usr/src：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96540,7 +97740,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "The FreeBSD Subversion repository is:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "FreeBSD Subversion 的檔案庫為：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96556,6 +97756,9 @@ "application> repositories through a browser, use https://svnweb.FreeBSD.org/." msgstr "" +"這是可公開存取的鏡像站，使用了 GeoDNS 會自動選擇適合的後端伺服器。若要由瀏覽" +"器檢視 Subversion 檔案庫可以使用 https://svnweb.FreeBSD.org/。" #. (itstool) path: note/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96568,6 +97771,11 @@ "signed certificates and server names are still available but are deprecated " "and no longer supported." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD Subversion 鏡像站先前使用的自我簽署 SSL 憑" +"証記錄於本章節中。自 2015 年 7 月開始，所有鏡像站開始使用官方的 SSL 憑証，若" +"有安裝 security/ca_root_nss Port 則 " +"Subversion 便有辦法辨識。舊的自我簽署憑証與伺服器" +"名稱仍可以使用，但已不建議使用且不再支援。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96575,16 +97783,18 @@ "For those without the security/ca_root_nss " "port installed, the SHA1 and SHA256 fingerprints are:" msgstr "" +"對於未安裝 security/ca_root_nss Port 的系" +"統，所需的 SHA1 與 SHA256 的指紋 (Fingerprint) 為：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Hash" -msgstr "" +msgstr "編碼 (Hash)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Fingerprint" -msgstr "" +msgstr "指紋 (Fingerprint)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96618,6 +97828,9 @@ "as a man in the middle attack) or otherwise trying to send " "bad content to the end user." msgstr "" +"建議使用 HTTPS 通訊協定，這可提供避免其他電腦假裝為 " +"FreeBSD 鏡像站 (即為一般所知的 中間人攻擊 (Man in the middle) " +"攻擊) 與其他嘗試傳送惡意內容給終端使用者的保護。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96626,6 +97839,9 @@ "problems, svn is the next choice, with slightly faster " "transfers. When neither can be used, use http." msgstr "" +"若因防火牆或其他問題無法使用 https，那麼下一個選擇為使用 " +"svn，這個通訊協定會有較快的傳輸速度。當兩者皆無法使用時才" +"使用 http。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96633,11 +97849,13 @@ "For those still using deprecated server names, the SHA1 and SHA256 " "fingerprints will be one of:" msgstr "" +"對於那些仍使用已不建議使用伺服器名稱的電腦的 SHA1 及 SHA256 指紋可為下列其中" +"之一：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Legacy-SHA1" -msgstr "" +msgstr "舊-SHA1" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96656,7 +97874,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Legacy-SHA256" -msgstr "" +msgstr "舊-SHA256" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96677,7 +97895,7 @@ msgid "" "Seeing one of these legacy certificate fingerprints means it is likely that " "a deprecated server name is being used." -msgstr "" +msgstr "從這些舊的憑証指紋中找到對應已不建已使用伺服器名稱所使用的項目。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96688,6 +97906,10 @@ "the Subversion " "Documentation." msgstr "" +"要取得其他有關使用 Subversion 的資訊請參考 " +"Subversion Book，其書名為 Version Control with Subversion 或是 Subversion Documentation。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96708,12 +97930,19 @@ "systems, on FreeBSD, see the net/rsync port or use the " "package." msgstr "" +"這些站台讓 FreeBSD 可透過 rsync 通訊協定取得。rsync 工具運作的方式類似 rcp1 指令，但有更多的選項可" +"用，且使用 rsync 遠端更新協定，該協定只會傳輸兩個檔案集之間的差異，所以能夠大" +"大的加快在網路上同步的速度，這對大多數 FreeBSD FTP 伺服器" +"的鏡像站非常有用。rsync 在許多作業系統上也可以使" +"用，在 FreeBSD 上請參考 net/rsync Port 或使用套件。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Czech Republic" -msgstr "" +msgstr "捷克 (Czech Republic)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96723,23 +97952,23 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Available collections:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "可用的檔案集：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "ftp: A partial mirror of the FreeBSD FTP server." -msgstr "" +msgstr "ftp: FreeBSD FTP 伺服器的部份鏡像。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "FreeBSD: A full mirror of the FreeBSD FTP server." -msgstr "" +msgstr "FreeBSD: FreeBSD FTP 伺服器的完整鏡像。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Netherlands" -msgstr "" +msgstr "荷蘭 (Netherlands)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96750,7 +97979,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Russia" -msgstr "" +msgstr "俄羅斯 (Russia)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96761,13 +97990,13 @@ #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "FreeBSD-Archive: The mirror of FreeBSD Archive FTP server." -msgstr "" +msgstr "FreeBSD-Archive: FreeBSD 封存 FTP 伺服器的鏡像。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Sweden" -msgstr "" +msgstr "瑞典 (Sweden)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96778,7 +98007,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Taiwan" -msgstr "" +msgstr "台灣 (Taiwan)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96799,7 +98028,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "United Kingdom" -msgstr "" +msgstr "英國 (United Kingdom)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96810,12 +98039,12 @@ #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "ftp.freebsd.org: A full mirror of the FreeBSD FTP server." -msgstr "" +msgstr "ftp.freebsd.org: FreeBSD FTP 伺服器的完整鏡像。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "United States of America" -msgstr "" +msgstr "美國 (USA)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -96825,18 +98054,18 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "This server may only be used by FreeBSD primary mirror sites." -msgstr "" +msgstr "此伺服器僅供 FreeBSD 主要鏡像站使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "FreeBSD: The master archive of the FreeBSD FTP server." -msgstr "" +msgstr "FreeBSD: FreeBSD FTP 伺服器的主要封存。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "acl: The FreeBSD master ACL list." -msgstr "" +msgstr "acl: FreeBSD 主要 ACL 清單。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -100961,11 +102190,31 @@ "linkend=\"mirrors-tw-www\">Taiwan, United Kingdom, USA." msgstr "" +"中央伺服器、亞美尼亞 (Armenia)、澳洲 " +"(Australia)、奧地利 (Austria)、捷克 (Czech Republic)、丹麥 (Denmark)、芬蘭 (Finland)、法國 (France)、德國 (Germany)、香港 (Hong Kong)、" +"愛爾蘭 (Ireland)、日本 (Japan)、拉脫維亞 (Latvia)、立陶宛 (Lithuania)、荷蘭 (Netherlands)、挪威 (Norway)、俄羅斯 (Russia)、斯洛維尼亞 (Slovenia)、南非 (South Africa)、西班牙 (Spain)、瑞" +"典 (Sweden)、瑞士 (Switzerland)、台灣 (Taiwan)、英國 (United Kingdom)、美國 (USA)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Central Servers" -msgstr "" +msgstr "中央伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -100976,7 +102225,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Armenia" -msgstr "" +msgstr "亞美尼亞 (Armenia)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -100988,7 +102237,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Australia" -msgstr "" +msgstr "澳洲 (Australia)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -101007,7 +102256,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Austria" -msgstr "" +msgstr "奧地利 (Austria)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -101026,7 +102275,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Denmark" -msgstr "" +msgstr "丹麥 (Denmark)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -101038,7 +102287,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Finland" -msgstr "" +msgstr "芬蘭 (Finland)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -101050,7 +102299,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "France" -msgstr "" +msgstr "法國 (France)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -101062,7 +102311,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Germany" -msgstr "" +msgstr "德國 (Germany)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -101074,7 +102323,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Hong Kong" -msgstr "" +msgstr "香港 (Hong Kong)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -101086,7 +102335,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Ireland" -msgstr "" +msgstr "愛爾蘭 (Ireland)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -101098,7 +102347,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Japan" -msgstr "" +msgstr "日本 (Japan)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -101110,7 +102359,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Latvia" -msgstr "" +msgstr "拉脫維亞 (Latvia)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -101122,7 +102371,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Lithuania" -msgstr "" +msgstr "立陶宛 (Lithuania)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -101141,7 +102390,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Norway" -msgstr "" +msgstr "挪威 (Norway)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -101160,7 +102409,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Slovenia" -msgstr "" +msgstr "斯洛維尼亞 (Slovenia)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -101172,7 +102421,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "South Africa" -msgstr "" +msgstr "南非 (South Africa)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -101184,7 +102433,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Spain" -msgstr "" +msgstr "西班牙 (Spain)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -101210,7 +102459,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Switzerland" -msgstr "" +msgstr "瑞士 (Switzerland)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -101271,7 +102520,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "USA" -msgstr "" +msgstr "美國 (USA)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535