Index: zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/book.xml =================================================================== --- zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/book.xml +++ zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/book.xml @@ -117,6 +117,7 @@ + @@ -134,6 +135,7 @@ + @@ -283,6 +285,7 @@ + @@ -332,6 +335,7 @@ + @@ -400,6 +404,7 @@ + @@ -629,6 +634,7 @@ 2013 2014 2015 + 2016 The FreeBSD Documentation Project @@ -706,9 +712,9 @@ - 歡迎使用 FreeBSD！ 本使用手冊涵蓋範圍包括了 FreeBSD 9.3-RELEASE 與 FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE。 這份使用手冊是很多人的集體創作，而且仍然『持續不斷』的進行中。 許多章節仍未完成，已完成的部份也有些需要更新。 如果您有興趣協助本計畫的話，請寄電子郵件至 FreeBSD 文件專案郵遞論壇。 + 歡迎使用 FreeBSD！ 本使用手冊涵蓋範圍包括了 FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE 以及 FreeBSD 9.3-RELEASE 的安裝與平日操作的說明。 這份使用手冊是很多人的集體創作，而且仍然『持續不斷』的進行中，因此部份章節可能尚未仍未完成，如果您有興趣協助本計畫的話，請寄電子郵件至 FreeBSD 文件專案郵遞論壇。 - 在 FreeBSD 網站 可以找到這份文件的最新版本，舊版文件可從 http://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/ 取得，也可以從 FreeBSD FTP 伺服器 或是眾多 鏡像網站 下載不同格式的資料。 如果比較偏好實體書面資料，那可以在 FreeBSD 商城 購買。 此外，您可在 搜尋頁面 中搜尋本文件或其他文件的資料。 + 在 FreeBSD 網站 可以找到本文件的最新版本，舊版文件可從 http://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/ 取得。本文件也提供各種格式與不同壓縮方式的版本可自 FreeBSD FTP 伺服器 或是其中一個 鏡像網站 下載。 列印出來的實體書面資料可在 FreeBSD 商城 購買。 此外，您可在 搜尋頁面 中搜尋本文件或其他文件的資料。 @@ -1629,6 +1635,13 @@ + Stormshield + Stormshield + + - Stormshield 網路安全設備使用了硬體化版本的 FreeBSD 做為基礎，BSD 授權條款讓我們我們的智慧財產與系統可以整合，並同時回饋大量有趣的發展給社群。 + + + The Weather Channel The Weather Channel @@ -2258,7 +2271,7 @@ 檢查 FreeBSD 勘誤表 - 儘管 FreeBSD Project 努力確保每個 FreeBSD 發行版能夠儘可能地穩定，錯誤偶爾還是會悄悄出現。 有極小的機會錯誤會影響安裝過程。 當這些問題被發現並修正後，會被紀錄在 FreeBSD 網站的 FreeBSD 勘誤表 (http://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.3R/errata.html)。 安裝前要檢查勘誤表，確保沒有會影響到安裝的問題。 + 儘管 FreeBSD Project 努力確保每個 FreeBSD 發行版能夠儘可能地穩定，但錯誤偶爾還是會悄悄出現，並有極小的可能會發生影響安裝流程的錯誤，當這些問題被發現並修正後，會被紀錄在 FreeBSD 網站的 FreeBSD 勘誤表 (http://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.0R/errata.html)。 安裝前先檢查勘誤表，以確保沒有會影響到安裝的問題。 所有發行版的資訊和勘誤表可以在 FreeBSD 網站的發行資訊找到 (http://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html)。 @@ -2293,6 +2306,10 @@ -memstick.img：這個檔案含有所有安裝 FreeBSD 所需的檔案，包含原始碼及 Port 套件集。這個檔案應依據以下操作指示寫入到 USB 隨身碟使用。 + + + -mini-memstick.img：類似 -bootonly.iso，但不含安裝檔 (可依所要下載)，安裝時需要網際網路連線，可依 的說明將此檔案寫入至 USB 隨身碟。 + 映像檔下載完成之後，下載同一個目錄之中的 CHECKSUM.SHA256。FreeBSD 提供 sha2561 可用來計算映像檔的 校驗碼 (Checksum)，使用方式為 sha256 imagefilename，其他作業系統也會有類似的程式。 @@ -8595,7 +8612,7 @@ Chromium - Chromium 是一個開放源始碼的瀏覽器計劃，該計劃的目標是要建立一個安全、快速且更穩定的網頁瀏覽體驗。Chromium 的功能有頁籤式瀏覽、彈出視窗封鎖、擴充套件等等。Chromium 也是 Google Chrome 網頁瀏覽器所採用的基礎。 + Chromium 是一個開放源始碼的瀏覽器計劃，該計劃的目標是要建立一個安全、快速且更穩定的網頁瀏覽體驗。Chromium 的功能有頁籤式瀏覽、彈出視窗封鎖、擴充套件等等。 Chromium 可以使用套件來安裝，只要輸入： @@ -9218,7 +9235,7 @@ PCI sound cards - 開始設定之前，必須先知道你的音效卡型號、晶片為何。 FreeBSD 支援許多種音效卡，請檢查支援的音效硬體表 Hardware Notes，以確認你的音效卡是否支援以及如何在 FreeBSD 上驅動。 + 開始設定之前，必須先知道你的音效卡型號、晶片為何。 FreeBSD 支援許多種音效卡，請檢查支援的音效硬體表 Hardware Notes，以確認你的音效卡是否支援以及如何在 FreeBSD 上驅動。 kernel @@ -10726,7 +10743,7 @@ 早期的 FreeBSD 的核心 (Kernel) 被戲稱為 “巨石”。因為當時的核心是一個非常大的程式，且只支援固定的硬體裝置，如果您想改變核心的設定，就必須編譯一個新核心並重新開機，才能使用。 - 現在，大多數在 FreeBSD 核心的功能已採用模組 (Module) 的方式包裝，可以依據需求動態在核心載入或卸載。 這使得核心能夠快速採用新硬體環境的新功能，就叫做模組化核心 (Modular Kernel)。 + 現今，大多數在 FreeBSD 核心的功能已採用模組 (Module) 的方式包裝，並可依需求動態從核心載入或卸載。 這使得執行中的核心能夠快速適應新硬體環境並在核心開啟新的功能，這就是所謂模組化核心 (Modular Kernel)。 儘管如此，還是有一些功能因使用到靜態的核心設定須要編譯，因為這些功能與核心緊密結合，無法將做成可動態載入的模組。且部份強調安全性的環境會盡量避免載入與卸載核心模組，且只要將需要的功能靜態的編譯到核心當中。 @@ -10802,7 +10819,7 @@ 以上輸出資訊說明 ath 驅動程式已經找到一個無線乙太網路裝置。 - 在 man1 指令加上 參數，可提供有用的資訊，例如，列出有包含指定關鍵字的手冊頁面清單： + 在 man1 指令加上 旗標可提供有用的資訊，例如，這可列出有包含指定裝置品牌或名稱的手冊頁面清單： # man -k Atheros @@ -14025,29 +14042,14 @@ services - Many users install third party software on FreeBSD from the - Ports Collection and require the installed services to be - started upon system initialization. Services, such as - mail/postfix or - www/apache22 are just two of the many - software packages which may be started during system - initialization. This section explains the procedures available - for starting third party software. + 許多使用者會使用 Port 套件集安裝第三方軟體到 FreeBSD 且需要安裝服務在系統初始化時可啟動該軟體。服務，例如 mail/postfix 或 www/apache22 僅只是在眾多需要在系統初始化時啟動的軟體之中的兩個。本章節將說明可用來啟動第三方軟體的程序。 - In FreeBSD, most included services, such as cron8, are - started through the system start up scripts. + 在 FreeBSD 大多數內建的服務，例如 cron8 也是透過系統啟動 Script 來執行。 延伸應用程式設定 - Now that FreeBSD includes rc.d, - configuration of application startup is easier and provides - more features. Using the key words discussed in - , applications can be set to - start after certain other services and extra flags can be - passed through /etc/rc.conf in place of - hard coded flags in the start up script. A basic script may - look similar to the following: + 現在 FreeBSD 會引用 rc.d，讓設定應用程式啟動程式更簡單且提供更多的功能。使用於 所提到的關鍵字，可以設定應用程式在其他特定服務之後啟動且可以透過 /etc/rc.conf 來傳遞額外的旗標來取代寫死在啟動 Script 中的旗標。一個基本的 Script 可能會如下例所示： #!/bin/sh # @@ -14073,43 +14075,23 @@ run_rc_command "$1" - This script will ensure that the provided - utility will be started after the - DAEMON pseudo-service. It also provides a - method for setting and tracking the process ID - (PID). + 這個 Script 會確保要執行的 utility 會在虛構的服務 DAEMON 之後啟動，也同時提供設定與追蹤程序 ID (Process ID, PID) 的方法。 - This application could then have the following line placed - in /etc/rc.conf: + 接著此應用程式便可將下行放到 /etc/rc.conf 中： utility_enable="YES" - This method allows for easier manipulation of command - line arguments, inclusion of the default functions provided - in /etc/rc.subr, compatibility with - rcorder8, and provides for easier configuration via - rc.conf. + 使用這種方式可以簡單的處理指令列參數、引用 /etc/rc.subr 所提供的預設函數、與 rcorder8 相容並可在 rc.conf 簡單的設定。 使用服務來啟動其他服務 - Other services can be started using inetd8. - Working with inetd8 and its configuration is - described in depth in - . + 其他的服務可以使用 inetd8 來啟動，在 有如何使用 inetd8 以及其設定的深入說明。 - In some cases, it may make more sense to use - cron8 to start system services. This approach - has a number of advantages as cron8 runs these - processes as the owner of the crontab5. This allows - regular users to start and maintain their own - applications. + 在某些情況更適合使用 cron8 來啟動系統服務，由於 cron8 會使用 crontab5 的擁有者來執行這些程序，所以這個方法有不少優點，這讓一般的使用者也可以啟動與維護自己的應用程式。 - The @reboot feature of cron8, - may be used in place of the time specification. This causes - the job to run when cron8 is started, normally during - system initialization. + cron8 的 @reboot 功能，可用來替代指定詳細的時間，而該工作會在系統初始化時執行 cron8 後執行。 @@ -14133,35 +14115,13 @@ configuration - One of the most useful utilities in FreeBSD is - cron. This utility runs in the - background and regularly checks - /etc/crontab for tasks to execute and - searches /var/cron/tabs for custom crontab - files. These files are used to schedule tasks which - cron runs at the specified times. - Each entry in a crontab defines a task to run and is known as a - cron job. + 在 FreeBSD 其中最有用的其中一項工具便是 cron，這個工具會在背景執行並且定期檢查 /etc/crontab 是否有要執行的工作然後搜尋 /var/cron/tabs 是否有自訂的 crontab 檔案，這些檔案用來安排要讓 cron 在指定的時間執行的工作，crontab 中的每一個項目定義了一個要執行的工作，又稱作 cron job。 - Two different types of configuration files are used: the - system crontab, which should not be modified, and user crontabs, - which can be created and edited as needed. The format used by - these files is documented in crontab5. The format of the - system crontab, /etc/crontab includes a - who column which does not exist in user - crontabs. In the system crontab, - cron runs the command as the user - specified in this column. In a user crontab, all commands run - as the user who created the crontab. + 這裡使用了兩種類型的設定檔：其一是系統 crontab，系統 crontab 不應該被修改，其二為使用者 crontab，使用者 crontab 可以依需要建立與編輯。這兩種檔案的格式在 crontab5 有說明。系統 crontab /etc/crontab 的格式含有在使用者 crontab 所沒有的 who 欄位，在系統 crontab，cron 會依據該欄位所指定的使用者來執行指令，而在使用者 crontab，會以建立 crontab 的使用者來執行指令。 - User crontabs allow individual users to schedule their own - tasks. The root user - can also have a user crontab which can be - used to schedule tasks that do not exist in the system - crontab. + 使用者 crontab 讓個別使用者可以安排自己的工作，root 使用者也可有自己的使用者 crontab 來安排不在系統 crontab 中的工作。 - Here is a sample entry from the system crontab, - /etc/crontab: + 以下為系統 crontab /etc/crontab 的範例項目： # /etc/crontab - root's crontab for FreeBSD # @@ -14176,57 +14136,21 @@ - Lines that begin with the # character - are comments. A comment can be placed in the file as a - reminder of what and why a desired action is performed. - Comments cannot be on the same line as a command or else - they will be interpreted as part of the command; they must - be on a new line. Blank lines are ignored. + 以 # 字元為首的行代表註解。可在檔案中放置註解提醒要執行什麼動作及為何要執行。註解不可與指令同行，否則會被當做指令的一部份，註解必須在新的一行，空白行則會被忽略掉。 - The equals (=) character is used to - define any environment settings. In this example, it is - used to define the SHELL and - PATH. If the SHELL is - omitted, cron will use the - default Bourne shell. If the PATH is - omitted, the full path must be given to the command or - script to run. + 等號 (=) 字元用來定義任何環境設定。在這個例子當中，使用了等號來定義 SHELL 及 PATH。若 SHELL 被省略，cron 則會使用預設的 Bourne shell。若 PATH 被省略，則必須指定指令或 Script 的完整路徑才能執行。 - This line defines the seven fields used in a system - crontab: minute, hour, - mday, month, - wday, who, and - command. The minute - field is the time in minutes when the specified command will - be run, the hour is the hour when the - specified command will be run, the mday - is the day of the month, month is the - month, and wday is the day of the week. - These fields must be numeric values, representing the - twenty-four hour clock, or a *, - representing all values for that field. The - who field only exists in the system - crontab and specifies which user the command should be run - as. The last field is the command to be executed. + 此行定義了在系統 crontab 會使用到的七個欄位：minute, hour, mday, month, wday, who 以及 command。minute 欄位是指定指令要執行的時間中的分，hour 指定指令要執行的時，mday 是月裡面的日，month 是月，以及 wday 是週裡面的日。這些欄位必須數值代表 24 小時制的時間或 * 來代表所有可能的值。who 這個欄位只有系統 crontab 才有，用來指定要用那一個使用者來執行指令。最後一個欄位則是要執行的指令。 - This entry defines the values for this cron job. The - */5, followed by several more - * characters, specifies that - /usr/libexec/atrun is invoked by - root every five - minutes of every hour, of every day and day of the week, of - every month. + 這個項目定義了該工作所使用的數值，*/5 後接著數個 * 字元指的是每個月的每一週的每一日的每個小時的每 5 分鐘會使用 root 執行 /usr/libexec/atrun。 - Commands can include any number of switches. However, - commands which extend to multiple lines need to be broken - with the backslash \ continuation - character. + 指令可含任何數量的參數，但若指令要使用多行則需以反斜線 \ 連線字元換行。 @@ -14233,19 +14157,13 @@ 建立使用者的 Crontab - To create a user crontab, invoke - crontab in editor mode: + 要建立一個使用者 crontab 可使用編輯模式執行 crontab： % crontab -e - This will open the user's crontab using the default text - editor. The first time a user runs this command, it will open - an empty file. Once a user creates a crontab, this command - will open that file for editing. + 這樣會使用預設的文字編輯器來開啟使用者的 crontab，使用者第一次執行這個指令會開啟一個空的檔案，使用者建立 crontab 之後這個指令則會開啟已建立的 crontab 供編輯。 - It is useful to add these lines to the top of the crontab - file in order to set the environment variables and to remember - the meanings of the fields in the crontab: + 加入這些行到 crontab 檔的最上方來設定環境變數以及備忘在 crontab 中欄位的意思非常有用： SHELL=/bin/sh PATH=/etc:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin @@ -14252,39 +14170,24 @@ # Order of crontab fields # minute hour mday month wday command - Then add a line for each command or script to run, - specifying the time to run the command. This example runs the - specified custom Bourne shell script every day at two in the - afternoon. Since the path to the script is not specified in - PATH, the full path to the script is - given: + 然後每一個要執行的指令或 Script 加入一行，指定要執行指令的時間。這個例子會每天在下午 2 點執行指定的自訂 Bourne shell script，由於沒有在 PATH 指定 Script 的路徑，所以必須給予完整的 Script 路徑： 0 14 * * * /usr/home/dru/bin/mycustomscript.sh - Before using a custom script, make sure it is executable - and test it with the limited set of environment variables - set by cron. To replicate the environment that would be - used to run the above cron entry, use: + 在使用自訂的 Script 之前，請先確定該 Script 可以執行並且使用 cron 在有限的環境變數下測試。要複製一個用來執行上述 cron 項目的環境可以使用： env -i SHELL=/bin/sh PATH=/etc:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin HOME=/home/dru LOGNAME=dru /usr/home/dru/bin/mycustomscript.sh - The environment set by cron is discussed in - crontab5. Checking that scripts operate correctly in - a cron environment is especially important if they include - any commands that delete files using wildcards. + 在 crontab5 有討論 cron 使用的環境變數，若 Script 中含有任何會使用萬用字元刪除檔案的指令，那麼檢查 Script 可正常在 cron 的環境運作非常重要。 - When finished editing the crontab, save the file. It - will automatically be installed and - cron will read the crontab and run - its cron jobs at their specified times. To list the cron jobs - in a crontab, use this command: + 編輯完成 crontab 之後儲存檔案，編輯完的 crontab 會被自動安裝且 cron 會讀取該 crontab 並在其指定的時指執行其 cron job。要列出 crontab 中有那一些 cron job 可以使用此指令： % crontab -l 0 14 * * * /usr/home/dru/bin/mycustomscript.sh - To remove all of the cron jobs in a user crontab: + 要移除使用在使用者 crontab 中的 cron job 可： % crontab -r remove crontab for dru? y @@ -14306,53 +14209,21 @@ - FreeBSD uses the rc8 system of startup scripts during - system initialization and for managing services. The scripts - listed in /etc/rc.d provide basic services - which can be controlled with the , - , and options to - service8. For instance, sshd8 can be restarted - with the following command: + FreeBSD 在系統初始化時使用 rc8 系統的啟動 Script。列於 /etc/rc.d 的 Script 提供了基本的服務可使用 service8 加上 , 以及 選項來控制。例如，使用以下指令可以重新啟動 sshd8： # service sshd restart - This procedure can be used to start services on a running - system. Services will be started automatically at boot time - as specified in rc.conf5. For example, to enable - natd8 at system startup, add the following line to - /etc/rc.conf: + 這個程序可以用來在執行中的系統上啟動服務，而在 rc.conf5 中有指定的服務則會在開機時自動啟動。例如，要在系統啟動時開啟 natd8，可入下行到 /etc/rc.conf： natd_enable="YES" - If a line is already - present, change the NO to - YES. The rc8 scripts will - automatically load any dependent services during the next boot, - as described below. + 若 行已存在，則將 NO 更改為 YES，在下次開機時 rc8 script 便會自動載入任何相依的服務，詳細如下所述。 - Since the rc8 system is primarily intended to start - and stop services at system startup and shutdown time, the - , and - options will only perform their action - if the appropriate /etc/rc.conf variable - is set. For instance, sshd restart will - only work if sshd_enable is set to - in /etc/rc.conf. - To , or - a service regardless of the settings - in /etc/rc.conf, these commands should be - prefixed with one. For instance, to restart - sshd8 regardless of the current - /etc/rc.conf setting, execute the following - command: + 由於 rc8 系統主要用於在系統開機與關機時啟動與停止服務，只有當有服務的變數設定在 /etc/rc.conf 時 , 以及 才會有作用。例如 sshd restart 只會在 /etc/rc.conf 中的 sshd_enable 設為 時才會運作，若要不透過 /etc/rc.conf 的設定來 , 或 一個服務則需要在指令前加上 one，例如要不透過目前在 /etc/rc.conf 的設定重新啟動 sshd8 可執行以下指令： # service sshd onerestart - To check if a service is enabled in - /etc/rc.conf, run the appropriate - rc8 script with . This example - checks to see if sshd8 is enabled in - /etc/rc.conf: + 要檢查一個服務是否有在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟，可執行服務的 rc8 Script 加上 。這個例子會檢查 sshd8 是否在 /etc/rc.conf 已經開啟： # service sshd rcvar # sshd @@ -14361,91 +14232,50 @@ # (default: "") - The # sshd line is output from the - above command, not a - root console. + 行 # sshd 的輸出來自上述指令，而非 root console。 - To determine whether or not a service is running, use - . For instance, to verify that - sshd8 is running: + 要判斷是一個服務是否正在執行，可使用 ，例如要確認 sshd8 是否正常在執行： # service sshd status sshd is running as pid 433. - In some cases, it is also possible to - a service. This attempts to send a - signal to an individual service, forcing the service to reload - its configuration files. In most cases, this means sending - the service a SIGHUP signal. Support for - this feature is not included for every service. + 在某些情況，也可以 一個服務。這個動作會嘗試發送一個信號給指定的服務，強制服務重新載入其設定檔，在大多數的情況下，發送給服務的信號是 SIGHUP。並不是每個服務都有支援此功能。 - The rc8 system is used for network services and it - also contributes to most of the system initialization. For - instance, when the - /etc/rc.d/bgfsck script is executed, it - prints out the following message: + rc8 系統會用在網路服務及也應用在大多數的系統初化 。例如執行 /etc/rc.d/bgfsck Script 會列印出以下訊息： Starting background file system checks in 60 seconds. - This script is used for background file system checks, - which occur only during system initialization. + 這個 Script 用來在背景做檔案系統檢查，只有在系統初始化時要執行。 - Many system services depend on other services to function - properly. For example, yp8 and other - RPC-based services may fail to start until - after the rpcbind8 service has started. To resolve this - issue, information about dependencies and other meta-data is - included in the comments at the top of each startup script. - The rcorder8 program is used to parse these comments - during system initialization to determine the order in which - system services should be invoked to satisfy the - dependencies. + 許多系統服務會相依其他服務來運作，例如 yp8 及其他以 RPC 為基礎的服務在 rpcbind8 服務啟動前可能會啟動失敗。要解決這種問題，就必須在啟動 Script 上方的註解中加入相依及其他 meta-data。在系統初始化時會用 rcorder8 程式分析這些註解來決定要以什麼順序來執行系統服務以滿足相依。 - The following key word must be included in all startup - scripts as it is required by rc.subr8 to - enable the startup script: + 因 rc.subr8 的需要，以下的關鍵字必須加入到所有的啟動 Script 方可 enable 啟動 Script： - PROVIDE: Specifies the services this - file provides. + PROVIDE: 設定此檔案所提供的服務。 - The following key words may be included at the top of each - startup script. They are not strictly necessary, but are - useful as hints to rcorder8: + 以下關鍵字可能會在每個啟動 Script 的上方引用，雖然非必要，但是對於 rcorder8 是非常有用的提示： - REQUIRE: Lists services which are - required for this service. The script containing this key - word will run after the specified - services. + REQUIRE: 列出此服務需要引用的服務。有使用此關鍵字的 Script 會在指定服務啟動 之後 才執行。 - BEFORE: Lists services which depend - on this service. The script containing this key word will - run before the specified - services. + BEFORE: 列出相依此服務的服務。有使用此關鍵字的 Script 會在指定的服務啟動 之前 執行。 - By carefully setting these keywords for each startup script, - an administrator has a fine-grained level of control of the - startup order of the scripts, without the need for - runlevels used by some UNIX operating - systems. + 透過仔細的設定每個啟動 Script 的這些關鍵字，管理者便可對 Script 的啟動順序進行微調，而不需使用到其他 UNIX 作業系統所使用的 runlevels。 - Additional information can be found in rc8 and - rc.subr8. Refer to this article - for instructions on how to create custom rc8 - scripts. + 額外的資訊可在 rc8 以及 rc.subr8 中找到。請參考 此文章 來取得如何建立自訂 rc8 Script 的操作說明。 - 管理特定系統的設定 + 管理系統特定的設定 rc files @@ -14452,58 +14282,27 @@ rc.conf - The principal location for system configuration - information is /etc/rc.conf. This file - contains a wide range of configuration information and it is - read at system startup to configure the system. It provides - the configuration information for the - rc* files. + 系統設定資訊的主要位於 /etc/rc.conf，這個檔案的設定資訊範圍非常廣且會在系統啟動時讀取來設定系統，它也提供設定資訊給 rc* 檔案使用。 - The entries in /etc/rc.conf override - the default settings in - /etc/defaults/rc.conf. The file - containing the default settings should not be edited. - Instead, all system-specific changes should be made to - /etc/rc.conf. + 在 /etc/rc.conf 中的設定項目會覆蓋在 /etc/defaults/rc.conf 的預設設定，不應直接編輯該檔案中的預設設定，所有系統特定的設定應到 /etc/rc.conf 所修改。 - A number of strategies may be applied in clustered - applications to separate site-wide configuration from - system-specific configuration in order to reduce - administration overhead. The recommended approach is to place - system-specific configuration into - /etc/rc.conf.local. For example, these - entries in /etc/rc.conf apply to all - systems: + 在叢集應用時要將系統特定的設定與各站特定的設定分開，藉此減少管理成本有好幾種方法，建議的方法是將系統特定的設定放置在 /etc/rc.conf.local，例如以下將要套用到所有系統的設定項目放在 /etc/rc.conf： sshd_enable="YES" keyrate="fast" defaultrouter="10.1.1.254" - Whereas these entries in - /etc/rc.conf.local apply to this system - only: + 而只套用到此系統的設定放在 /etc/rc.conf.local： hostname="node1.example.org" ifconfig_fxp0="inet 10.1.1.1/8" - Distribute /etc/rc.conf to every - system using an application such as - rsync or - puppet, while - /etc/rc.conf.local remains - unique. + 使用應用程式如 rsync 或 puppet 將 /etc/rc.conf 散布到每個系統，而在各系統保留自己的 /etc/rc.conf.local。 - Upgrading the system will not overwrite - /etc/rc.conf, so system configuration - information will not be lost. + 升級系統並不會覆寫 /etc/rc.conf，所以系統設定資訊不會因此遺失。 - Both /etc/rc.conf and - /etc/rc.conf.local - are parsed by sh1. This allows system operators to - create complex configuration scenarios. Refer to - rc.conf5 for further information on this - topic. + /etc/rc.conf 以及 /etc/rc.conf.local 兩個檔案都會使用 sh1 解析，這讓系統操作者能夠建立較複雜的設定方案。請參考 rc.conf5 來取得更多有關此主題的資訊。 @@ -14528,9 +14327,7 @@ configuration - Adding and configuring a network interface card - (NIC) is a common task for any FreeBSD - administrator. + 對 FreeBSD 管理者來說加入與設定網路介面卡 (Network Interface Card, NIC) 會是一件常見的工作。 找到正確的驅動程式 @@ -14540,30 +14337,11 @@ driver - First, determine the model of the NIC - and the chip it uses. FreeBSD supports a wide variety of - NICs. Check the Hardware Compatibility - List for the FreeBSD release to see if the NIC - is supported. + 首先，要先確定 NIC 的型號及其使用的晶片。FreeBSD 支援各種 NIC，可檢查該 FreeBSD 發佈版本的硬體相容性清單來查看是否有支援該 NIC。 - If the NIC is supported, determine - the name of the FreeBSD driver for the NIC. - Refer to /usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES and - /usr/src/sys/arch/conf/NOTES - for the list of NIC drivers with some - information about the supported chipsets. When in doubt, read - the manual page of the driver as it will provide more - information about the supported hardware and any known - limitations of the driver. + 若有支援該 NIC，接著要確定該 NIC 所要需要的 FreeBSD 驅動程式名稱。請參考 /usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES 及 /usr/src/sys/arch/conf/NOTES 來取得 NIC 驅動程式清單及其支援的晶片組相關資訊。當有疑問是，請閱讀該驅動程式的操作手冊，會有提供更多有關支援硬體及該驅動程式已知問題的資訊。 - The drivers for common NICs are already - present in the GENERIC kernel, meaning - the NIC should be probed during boot. The - system's boot messages can be viewed by typing - more /var/run/dmesg.boot and using the - spacebar to scroll through the text. In this example, two - Ethernet NICs using the dc4 driver - are present on the system: + GENERIC 核心已有內含常見 NIC 的驅動程式 ，意思是在開機時應該會偵測到 NIC。可以輸入 more /var/run/dmesg.boot 來檢視系統的開機訊息並使用空白鍵捲動文字。在此例中，兩個乙太網路 NIC 使用系統已有的 dc4 驅動程式： dc0: <82c169 PNIC 10/100BaseTX> port 0xa000-0xa0ff mem 0xd3800000-0xd38 000ff irq 15 at device 11.0 on pci0 @@ -14580,33 +14358,15 @@ dc1: Ethernet address: 00:a0:cc:da:da:db dc1: [ITHREAD] - If the driver for the NIC is not - present in GENERIC, but a driver is - available, the driver will need to be loaded before the - NIC can be configured and used. This may - be accomplished in one of two ways: + 若在 GENERIC 中沒有該 NIC 的驅動程式，但有可用的驅動程式，那麼在設定及使用 NIC 前要先載入該驅動程式，有兩種方式可以完成這件事： - The easiest way is to load a kernel module for the - NIC using kldload8. To also - automatically load the driver at boot time, add the - appropriate line to - /boot/loader.conf. Not all - NIC drivers are available as - modules. + 最簡單的方式是使用 kldload8 載入 NIC 要使用的核心模組。要在開機時自動載入，可加入適當的設定到 /boot/loader.conf。不是所有 NIC 驅動程式皆可當做模組使用。 - Alternatively, statically compile support for the - NIC into a custom kernel. Refer to - /usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES, - /usr/src/sys/arch/conf/NOTES - and the manual page of the driver to determine which line - to add to the custom kernel configuration file. For more - information about recompiling the kernel, refer to . If the NIC - was detected at boot, the kernel does not need to be - recompiled. + 或者，靜態編譯對 NIC 的支援到自訂核心，請參考 /usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES, /usr/src/sys/arch/conf/NOTES 及驅動程式的操作手冊來了解要在自訂核心設定檔中要加入那些設定。要取得更多有關重新編譯核心的資訊可參考 。若在開機時有偵測到 NIC，就不需要再重新編譯核心。 @@ -14634,85 +14394,46 @@ for it. Whatever is done must also be done to the same indexterm in linuxemu/chapter.xml --> - Unfortunately, there are still many vendors that do not - provide schematics for their drivers to the open source - community because they regard such information as trade - secrets. Consequently, the developers of FreeBSD and other - operating systems are left with two choices: develop the - drivers by a long and pain-staking process of reverse - engineering or using the existing driver binaries available - for Microsoft Windows platforms. + 很不幸的，仍有很多供應商並沒有提供它們驅動程式的技術文件給開源社群，因為這些文件有涉及商業機密。因此，FreeBSD 及其他作業系統的開發人員只剩下兩種方案可以選擇：透過長期與艱苦的過程做逆向工程來開發驅動程式或是使用現有供 Microsoft Windows 平台用的驅動程式 Binary。 - FreeBSD provides native support for the - Network Driver Interface Specification - (NDIS). It includes ndisgen8 - which can be used to convert a Windows XP driver into a - format that can be used on FreeBSD. Because the ndis4 - driver uses a Windows XP binary, it only runs on i386 - and amd64 systems. PCI, CardBus, - PCMCIA, and USB - devices are supported. + FreeBSD 對 Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) 有提供 原生 的支援，這包含了 ndisgen8 可用來轉換 Windows XP 驅動程式成可在 FreeBSD 上使用的格式。由於 ndis4 驅動程式使用的是 Windows XP binary，所以只能在 i386 及 amd64 系統上執行。PCI, CardBus, PCMCIA 以及 USB 裝置也都有支援。 - To use ndisgen8, three things are needed: + 要使用 ndisgen8 需要三樣東西： - FreeBSD kernel sources. + FreeBSD 核心原始碼。 - A Windows XP driver binary with a - .SYS extension. + 一個 .SYS 附檔名的 Windows XP 驅動程式 Binary。 - A Windows XP driver configuration file with a - .INF extension. + 一個 .INF 附檔名的 Windows XP 驅動程式設定檔。 - Download the .SYS and - .INF files for the specific - NIC. Generally, these can be found on - the driver CD or at the vendor's website. The following - examples use W32DRIVER.SYS and - W32DRIVER.INF. + 下載供指定 NIC 使用的 .SYS 及 .INF 檔。通常這些檔案可以在驅動程式 CD 或者供應商的網站上找到。以下範例會使用 W32DRIVER.SYS 及 W32DRIVER.INF。 - The driver bit width must match the version of FreeBSD. - For FreeBSD/i386, use a Windows 32-bit driver. For - FreeBSD/amd64, a Windows 64-bit driver is needed. + 驅動程式的位元寬度必須與 FreeBSD 的版本相符。例如 FreeBSD/i386 需要使用 Windows 32-bit 驅動程式，而 FreeBSD/amd64 則需要使用 Windows 64-bit 驅動程式。 - The next step is to compile the driver binary into a - loadable kernel module. As - root, use - ndisgen8: + 下個步驟是編譯驅動程式 Binary 成可載入的核心模組。以 root 身份使用 ndisgen8： # ndisgen /path/to/W32DRIVER.INF /path/to/W32DRIVER.SYS - This command is interactive and prompts for any extra - information it requires. A new kernel module will be - generated in the current directory. Use kldload8 - to load the new module: + 這個指令是互動式的，會提示輸入任何所需的額外資訊，新的核心模組會被產生在目前的目錄，使用 kldload8 來載入新的模組： # kldload ./W32DRIVER_SYS.ko - In addition to the generated kernel module, the - ndis.ko and - if_ndis.ko modules must be loaded. - This should happen automatically when any module that - depends on ndis4 is loaded. If not, load them - manually, using the following commands: + 除了產生的核心模組之外，ndis.ko 以及 if_ndis.ko 也必須載入，會在任何有相依 ndis4 的模組被載入時一併自動載入。若沒有自動載入，則需使用以下指令手動載入： # kldload ndis # kldload if_ndis - The first command loads the ndis4 miniport driver - wrapper and the second loads the generated - NIC driver. + 第一個指令會載入 ndis4 miniport 驅動程式包裝程式，而第二個指令會載入產生的 NIC 驅動程式。 - Check dmesg8 to see if there were any load - errors. If all went well, the output should be similar to - the following: + 檢查 dmesg8 查看是否有任何載入錯誤，若一切正常，輸出結果應會如下所示： ndis0: <Wireless-G PCI Adapter> mem 0xf4100000-0xf4101fff irq 3 at device 8.0 on pci1 ndis0: NDIS API version: 5.0 @@ -14720,14 +14441,9 @@ ndis0: 11b rates: 1Mbps 2Mbps 5.5Mbps 11Mbps ndis0: 11g rates: 6Mbps 9Mbps 12Mbps 18Mbps 36Mbps 48Mbps 54Mbps - From here, ndis0 can be - configured like any other NIC. + 到此之後 ndis0 可以像任何其他 NIC 設定使用。 - To configure the system to load the ndis4 modules - at boot time, copy the generated module, - W32DRIVER_SYS.ko, to - /boot/modules. Then, add the following - line to /boot/loader.conf: + 要設定系統於開機時載入 ndis4 模組，可複製產生的模組 W32DRIVER_SYS.ko 到 /boot/modules。然後加入下行到 /boot/loader.conf： W32DRIVER_SYS_load="YES" @@ -14741,13 +14457,9 @@ configuration - Once the right driver is loaded for the - NIC, the card needs to be configured. It - may have been configured at installation time by - bsdinstall8. + 載入正確的 NIC 驅動程式之後，接著需要設定介面卡，這個動作可能在安裝時已經使用 bsdinstall8 設定過了。 - To display the NIC configuration, - enter the following command: + 要查看 NIC 設定可輸入以下指令： % ifconfig dc0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 @@ -14769,85 +14481,57 @@ inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 nd6 options=3<PERFORMNUD,ACCEPT_RTADV> - In this example, the following devices were - displayed: + 在這個例子中列出了以下裝置： - dc0: The first Ethernet - interface. + dc0: 第一個乙太網路介面。 - dc1: The second Ethernet - interface. + dc1: 第二個乙太網路介面。 - lo0: The loopback - device. + lo0: Loopback 裝置。 - FreeBSD uses the driver name followed by the order in which - the card is detected at boot to name the - NIC. For example, - sis2 is the third - NIC on the system using the sis4 - driver. + FreeBSD 會使用驅動程式名稱接著開機時所偵測到的介面卡順序來命名 NIC。例如 sis2 是指在系統上使用 sis4 驅動程式的第三個 NIC。 - In this example, dc0 is up and - running. The key indicators are: + 在此例中，dc0 已經上線並且執行中。主要的依據有： - UP means that the card is - configured and ready. + UP 代表介面卡已設定好並且準備就緒。 - The card has an Internet (inet) - address, 192.168.1.3. + 介面卡有網際網路 (inet) 位址，192.168.1.3。 - It has a valid subnet mask - (netmask), where - 0xffffff00 is the - same as 255.255.255.0. + 介面卡有一個有效的子網路遮罩 (netmask)，其中 0xffffff00 等同於 255.255.255.0。 - It has a valid broadcast address, 192.168.1.255. + 介面卡有一個有效的廣播位址，192.168.1.255。 - The MAC address of the card - (ether) is 00:a0:cc:da:da:da. + 介面卡 (ether) 的 MAC 位址是 00:a0:cc:da:da:da。 - The physical media selection is on autoselection mode - (media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX - <full-duplex>)). In this example, - dc1 is configured to run with - 10baseT/UTP media. For more - information on available media types for a driver, refer - to its manual page. + 實體媒介選擇為自動選擇模式 (media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>))。在本例中 dc1 被設定使用 10baseT/UTP 媒介。要取得更多有關可用的驅動程式媒介類型請參考操作手冊。 - The status of the link (status) is - active, indicating that the carrier - signal is detected. For dc1, the - status: no carrier status is normal - when an Ethernet cable is not plugged into the - card. + 連結的狀態 (status) 為使用中 (active)，代表有偵測到載波信號 (Carrier Signal)。若 dc1 所代表的介面卡未插入乙太網路線則狀態為 status: no carrier 是正常的。 - If the ifconfig8 output had shown something similar - to: + 若 ifconfig8 的輸出結果如下： dc0: flags=8843<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500 options=80008<VLAN_MTU,LINKSTATE> @@ -14855,58 +14539,31 @@ media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>) status: active - it would indicate the card has not been configured. + 則代表尚未設定介面卡。 - The card must be configured as - root. The - NIC configuration can be performed from the - command line with ifconfig8 but will not persist after - a reboot unless the configuration is also added to - /etc/rc.conf. If a - DHCP server is present on the LAN, - just add this line: + 介面卡必須以 root 來設定。NIC 的設定可在指令列執行 ifconfig8 來完成，但重新開機之後變會消失，除非將設定也加到 /etc/rc.conf。若在 LAN 中有 DHCP 伺服器，則只需加入此行： ifconfig_dc0="DHCP" - Replace dc0 with the correct value - for the system. + 替換 dc0 為該系統的正確值。 - The line added, then, follow the instructions given in - . + 加入這行之後，接著依據 指示操作。 - If the network was configured during installation, some - entries for the NIC(s) may be already - present. Double check /etc/rc.conf - before adding any lines. + 若網路在安裝時已設定，可能會已經有 NIC 的設定項目。在加入任何設定前請再次檢查 /etc/rc.conf。 - In the case, there is no DHCP server, - the NIC(s) have to be configured manually. - Add a line for each NIC present on the - system, as seen in this example: + 在這個例中，沒有 DHCP 伺服器，必須手動設定 NIC。提每一個在系統上的 NIC 加入一行設定，如此例： ifconfig_dc0="inet 192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0" ifconfig_dc1="inet 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 10baseT/UTP" - Replace dc0 and - dc1 and the IP - address information with the correct values for the system. - Refer to the man page for the driver, ifconfig8, and - rc.conf5 for more details about the allowed options and - the syntax of /etc/rc.conf. + 替換 dc0 及 dc1 以及 IP 位址資訊為系統的正確值。請參考驅動程式的操作手冊、ifconfig8 以及 rc.conf5 取得更多有關可用的選項及 /etc/rc.conf 的語法。 - If the network is not using DNS, edit - /etc/hosts to add the names and - IP addresses of the hosts on the - LAN, if they are not already there. For - more information, refer to hosts5 and to - /usr/share/examples/etc/hosts. + 若網路沒有使用 DNS，則編輯 /etc/hosts 加入 LAN 上主機的名稱與 IP 位址。要取得更多資訊請參考 hosts5 及 /usr/share/examples/etc/hosts。 - If there is no DHCP server and - access to the Internet is needed, manually configure the - default gateway and the nameserver: + 若沒有 DHCP 伺服器且需要存取網際網路，那麼需要手動設定預設閘道及名稱伺服器： # echo 'defaultrouter="your_default_router"' >> /etc/rc.conf # echo 'nameserver your_DNS_server' >> /etc/resolv.conf @@ -14916,25 +14573,17 @@ 測試與疑難排解 - Once the necessary changes to - /etc/rc.conf are saved, a reboot can be - used to test the network configuration and to verify that the - system restarts without any configuration errors. - Alternatively, apply the settings to the networking system - with this command: + 必要的變更儲存到 /etc/rc.conf 之後，需要重新啟動系統來測試網路設定並檢查系統重新啟動是否沒有任何設定錯誤。或者使用這個指令將設定套用到網路系統： # service netif restart - If a default gateway has been set in - /etc/rc.conf, also issue this - command: + 若預設的閘道器已設定於 /etc/rc.conf 也同樣要下這個指令： # service routing restart - Once the networking system has been relaunched, test the - NICs. + 網路系統重新啟動後，便可接著測試 NIC。 測試乙太網路卡 @@ -14944,9 +14593,7 @@ testing - To verify that an Ethernet card is configured correctly, - ping8 the interface itself, and then ping8 - another machine on the LAN: + 要檢查乙太網路卡是否已正確設定可 ping8 介面卡自己，然後 ping8 其他於 LAN 上的主機： % ping -c5 192.168.1.3 PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3): 56 data bytes @@ -14972,16 +14619,7 @@ 5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.700/0.729/0.766/0.025 ms - To test network resolution, use the host name instead - of the IP address. If there is no - DNS server on the network, - /etc/hosts must first be - configured. To this purpose, edit - /etc/hosts to add the names and - IP addresses of the hosts on the - LAN, if they are not already there. For - more information, refer to hosts5 and to - /usr/share/examples/etc/hosts. + 要測試網路解析，可使用主機名稱來替代 IP 位址。若在網路上沒有 DNS 伺服器則必須先設定 /etc/hosts，若主機尚未設定到 /etc/hosts 中，則需編輯 /etc/hosts 加入 LAN 上主機的名稱及 IP 位址，要取得更多資訊請參考 hosts5 及 /usr/share/examples/etc/hosts。 @@ -14992,58 +14630,19 @@ troubleshooting - When troubleshooting hardware and software - configurations, check the simple things first. Is the - network cable plugged in? Are the network services properly - configured? Is the firewall configured correctly? Is the - NIC supported by FreeBSD? Before sending - a bug report, always check the Hardware Notes, update the - version of FreeBSD to the latest STABLE version, check the - mailing list archives, and search the Internet. + 在排除硬體及軟體設定問題時，要先檢查幾件簡單的事。網路線插上了沒？網路的服務都正確設定了嗎？防火牆設定是否正確？FreeBSD 是否支援該 NIC？在回報問題之前，永遠要先檢查 Hardware Notes、更新 FreeBSD 到最新的 STABLE 版本、檢查郵遞論壇封存記錄以及上網查詢。 - If the card works, yet performance is poor, read - through tuning7. Also, check the network - configuration as incorrect network settings can cause slow - connections. + 若介面卡可以運作，但是效能很差，請閱讀 tuning7，同時也要檢查網路設定，因為不正確的網路設定會造成連線速度緩慢。 - Some users experience one or two - device timeout messages, which is - normal for some cards. If they continue, or are bothersome, - determine if the device is conflicting with another device. - Double check the cable connections. Consider trying another - card. + 部份使用者會遇到一次或兩次 device timeout 的訊息，在對某些介面卡是正常的。若訊息持續發生或很煩的，請確認是否有與其他的裝置衝突，再次檢查網路線，或考慮使用其他介面卡。 - To resolve watchdog timeout - errors, first check the network cable. Many cards - require a PCI slot which supports bus - mastering. On some old motherboards, only one - PCI slot allows it, usually slot 0. - Check the NIC and the motherboard - documentation to determine if that may be the - problem. + 要解決 watchdog timeout 錯誤，先檢查網路線。許多介面卡需要使用支援 Bus Mastering 的 PCI 插槽，在一些舊型的主機板，只會有一個 PCI 插槽支援，通常是插槽 0。檢查 NIC 以及主機板說明文件來確定是否為此問題。 - No route to host messages occur - if the system is unable to route a packet to the destination - host. This can happen if no default route is specified or - if a cable is unplugged. Check the output of - netstat -rn and make sure there is a - valid route to the host. If there is not, read - . + 若系統無法路由傳送封包到目標主機則會出現 No route to host 訊息，這可能是因為沒有指定預設的路由或未插上網路線。請檢查 netstat -rn 的輸出並確認有一個有效的路由可連線至主機，若沒有，請閱讀 。 - ping: sendto: Permission denied - error messages are often caused by a misconfigured firewall. - If a firewall is enabled on FreeBSD but no rules have been - defined, the default policy is to deny all traffic, even - ping8. Refer to - for more information. + 造成 ping: sendto: Permission denied 錯誤訊息的原因通常是防火牆設定錯誤。若在 FreeBSD 上有開啟防火牆，但卻未定義任何的規則，預設的原則是拒絕所有傳輸，即使是用 ping8。請參考 取得更多資訊。 - Sometimes performance of the card is poor or below - average. In these cases, try setting the media - selection mode from autoselect to the - correct media selection. While this works for most - hardware, it may or may not resolve the issue. Again, - check all the network settings, and refer to - tuning7. + 有時介面卡的效能很差或低於平均值，在這種情況可嘗試設定媒介選擇模式由 autoselect 更改為正確的媒介選項，雖然這在大部份硬體可運作，但可能無法解決問題，同樣的，檢查所有網路設定並參考 tuning7。 @@ -15055,58 +14654,19 @@ IP aliases - A common use of FreeBSD is virtual site hosting, where one - server appears to the network as many servers. This is achieved - by assigning multiple network addresses to a single - interface. + FreeBSD 最常見的用途之一就是虛擬網站代管，即以一台伺服器在網路上扮演多台伺服器，這可以透過指定多個網路位置到一個網路介面來做到。 - A given network interface has one real - address, and may have any number of alias - addresses. These aliases are normally added by placing alias - entries in /etc/rc.conf, as seen in this - example: + 一個網路介面會有一個 真實 (Real) 位址且可以有許多個 別名 (Alias) 位址。一般會在 /etc/rc.conf 中放置別名項目來增加別名，如下例： ifconfig_fxp0_alias0="inet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx" - Alias entries must start with - alias0 using a - sequential number such as - alias0, alias1, - and so on. The configuration process will stop at the first - missing number. + 別名項目必須以 alias0 開頭，使用連續數字例如 alias0, alias1 以此類推，設定程序會在第一個遇到缺號的地方中止。 - The calculation of alias netmasks is important. For a - given interface, there must be one address which correctly - represents the network's netmask. Any other addresses which - fall within this network must have a netmask of all - 1s, expressed as either - 255.255.255.255 or - 0xffffffff. + 要注意別名網路遮罩 (Netmask) 的計算，使用的介面必須至少有一個正確的填寫網路遮罩的位址，而其他所有在此網路中的位址則必須使用全部 1 的網路遮罩，可用 255.255.255.255 或 0xffffffff 來表示。 - For example, consider the case where the - fxp0 interface is connected to two - networks: 10.1.1.0 - with a netmask of - 255.255.255.0 and - 202.0.75.16 with a - netmask of - 255.255.255.240. The - system is to be configured to appear in the ranges - 10.1.1.1 through - 10.1.1.5 and - 202.0.75.17 through - 202.0.75.20. Only - the first address in a given network range should have a real - netmask. All the rest - (10.1.1.2 through - 10.1.1.5 and - 202.0.75.18 through - 202.0.75.20) must be - configured with a netmask of - 255.255.255.255. + 舉例來說，有一個 fxp0 介面連結到兩個網路：10.1.1.0 使用網路遮罩 255.255.255.0 以及 202.0.75.16 使用網路遮罩 255.255.255.240。而系統將要設定使用範圍 10.1.1.1 到 10.1.1.5 以及 202.0.75.17 到 202.0.75.20。在指定的網路範圍中只有第一個位址應使用真實的網路遮罩，其餘 (10.1.1.2 到 10.1.1.5 及 202.0.75.18 到 202.0.75.20) 則必須設定使用 255.255.255.255 的遮罩。 - The following /etc/rc.conf entries - configure the adapter correctly for this scenario: + 在此情境下正確設定網路介面的方式如下 /etc/rc.conf 中的項目： ifconfig_fxp0="inet 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0" ifconfig_fxp0_alias0="inet 10.1.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.255" @@ -15118,11 +14678,7 @@ ifconfig_fxp0_alias6="inet 202.0.75.19 netmask 255.255.255.255" ifconfig_fxp0_alias7="inet 202.0.75.20 netmask 255.255.255.255" - A simpler way to express this is with a space-separated list - of IP address ranges. The first address - will be given the - indicated subnet mask and the additional addresses will have a - subnet mask of 255.255.255.255. + 有一種更簡單的方式可以表達這些設定，便是使用以空白分隔的 IP 位址清單。只有第一個位址會使用指定的子網路遮罩，其他的位址則會使用 255.255.255.255 的子網路遮罩。 ifconfig_fxp0_aliases="inet 10.1.1.1-5/24 inet 202.0.75.17-20/28" @@ -15152,28 +14708,11 @@ syslogd8 - Generating and reading system logs is an important aspect of - system administration. The information in system logs can be - used to detect hardware and software issues as well as - application and system configuration errors. This information - also plays an important role in security auditing and incident - response. Most system daemons and applications will generate - log entries. + 產生與讀取系統日誌對系統管理來說是一件非常重要的事，在系統日誌中的資訊可以用來偵測硬體與軟體的問題，同樣也可以偵測應用程式與系統設定的錯誤。這些資訊在安全性稽查與事件回應也同樣扮演了重要的角色，大多數系統 Daemon 與應用程式都會產生日誌項目。 - FreeBSD provides a system logger, - syslogd, to manage logging. By - default, syslogd is started when the - system boots. This is controlled by the variable - syslogd_enable in - /etc/rc.conf. There are numerous - application arguments that can be set using - syslogd_flags in - /etc/rc.conf. Refer to syslogd8 for - more information on the available arguments. + FreeBSD 提供了一個系統日誌程式 syslogd 用來管理日誌。預設 syslogd 會與系統開機時啟動。這可使用在 /etc/rc.conf 中的變數 syslogd_enable 來控制。而且有數個應用程式參數可在 /etc/rc.conf 使用 syslogd_flags 來設定。請參考 syslogd8 來取得更多可用參數的資訊。 - This section describes how to configure the FreeBSD system - logger for both local and remote logging and how to perform log - rotation and log management. + 此章節會介紹如何設定 FreeBSD 系統日誌程式來做本地與遠端日誌並且介紹如何執行日誌翻轉 (Log rotation) 與日誌管理。 設定本地日誌 @@ -15180,35 +14719,9 @@ syslog.conf - The configuration file, - /etc/syslog.conf, controls what - syslogd does with log entries as - they are received. There are several parameters to control - the handling of incoming events. The - facility describes which subsystem - generated the message, such as the kernel or a daemon, and the - level describes the severity of the - event that occurred. This makes it possible to configure if - and where a log message is logged, depending on the facility - and level. It is also possible to take action depending on - the application that sent the message, and in the case of - remote logging, the hostname of the machine generating the - logging event. + 設定檔 /etc/syslog.conf 控制 syslogd 收到日誌項目時要做的事情，有數個參數可以用來控制接收到事件時的處理方式。設施 (facility) 用來描述記錄產生訊息的子系統 (subsystem)，如核心或者 Daemon，而 層級 (level) 用來描述所發生的事件嚴重性。也可以依據應用程式所發出的訊息及產生日誌事件機器的主機名稱來決定後續處置的動作。 - This configuration file contains one line per action, - where the syntax for each line is a selector field followed by - an action field. The syntax of the selector field is - facility.level which will match log - messages from facility at level - level or higher. It is also - possible to add an optional comparison flag before the level - to specify more precisely what is logged. Multiple selector - fields can be used for the same action, and are separated with - a semicolon (;). Using - * will match everything. The action field - denotes where to send the log message, such as to a file or - remote log host. As an example, here is the default - syslog.conf from FreeBSD: + 此設定檔中一行代表一個動作，每一行的格式皆為一個選擇器欄位 (Selector field) 接著一個動作欄位 (Action field)。選擇器欄位的格式為 facility.level 可以用來比對來自 facility 於層級 level 或更高層的日誌訊息，也可以在層級前加入選擇性的比對旗標來更確切的指定記錄的內容。同樣一個動作可以使用多個選擇器欄位並使用分號 (;) 來分隔。用 * 可以比對任何東西。動作欄位可用來指定傳送日誌訊息的目標，如一個檔案或遠端日誌主機。範例為以下為 FreeBSD 預設的 syslog.conf： # $FreeBSD$ # @@ -15246,76 +14759,39 @@ *.* /var/log/ppp.log !* - In this example: + 在這個範例中： - Line 8 matches all messages with a level of - err or higher, as well as - kern.warning, - auth.notice and - mail.crit, and sends these log messages - to the console - (/dev/console). + 第 8 行會找出所有符合 err 或以上層級的訊息，還有 kern.warning, auth.notice 與 mail.crit 的訊息，然後將這些日誌訊息傳送到 Console (/dev/console)。 - Line 12 matches all messages from the - mail facility at level - info or above and logs the messages to - /var/log/maillog. + 第 12 行會找出所有符合 mail 設施中於 info 或以上層級的訊息，並記錄訊息至 /var/log/maillog。 - Line 17 uses a comparison flag (=) - to only match messages at level debug - and logs them to - /var/log/debug.log. + 第 17 行使用了比較旗標 (=) 來只找出符合 debug 層級的訊息，並將訊息記錄至 /var/log/debug.log。 - Line 33 is an example usage of a program - specification. This makes the rules following it only - valid for the specified program. In this case, only the - messages generated by ppp are - logged to /var/log/ppp.log. + 第 33 行是指定程式的範例用法。這可以讓在該行以下的規則只對指定的程式生效。在此例中，只有由 ppp 產生的訊息會被記錄到 /var/log/ppp.log。 - The available levels, in order from most to least - critical are emerg, - alert, crit, - err, warning, - notice, info, and - debug. + 所以可用層級從最嚴重到最不嚴重的順序為 emerg, alert, crit, err, warning, notice, info 以及 debug。 - The facilities, in no particular order, are - auth, authpriv, - console, cron, - daemon, ftp, - kern, lpr, - mail, mark, - news, security, - syslog, user, - uucp, and local0 through - local7. Be aware that other operating - systems might have different facilities. + 設施 (facility) 則無特定順序，可用的有 auth, authpriv, console, cron, daemon, ftp, kern, lpr, mail, mark, news, security, syslog, user, uucp 及 local0 到 local7。要注意在其他作業系統的設施可能會不同。 - To log everything of level notice and - higher to /var/log/daemon.log, add the - following entry: + 要記錄所有所有 notice 與以上層級的訊息到 /var/log/daemon.log 可加入以下項目： daemon.notice /var/log/daemon.log - For more information about the different levels and - facilities, refer to syslog3 and syslogd8. - For more information about - /etc/syslog.conf, its syntax, and more - advanced usage examples, see syslog.conf5. + 要取得更多有關不同的層級與設施的資訊請參考 syslog3 及 syslogd8。要取得更多有關 /etc/syslog.conf、語法以及更多進階用法範例的資訊請參考 syslog.conf5。 - 日誌管理與循環 + 日誌管理與翻轉 newsyslog newsyslog.conf @@ -15322,28 +14798,9 @@ log rotation log management - Log files can grow quickly, taking up disk space and - making it more difficult to locate useful information. Log - management attempts to mitigate this. In FreeBSD, - newsyslog is used to manage log - files. This built-in program periodically rotates and - compresses log files, and optionally creates missing log files - and signals programs when log files are moved. The log files - may be generated by syslogd or by - any other program which generates log files. While - newsyslog is normally run from - cron8, it is not a system daemon. In the default - configuration, it runs every hour. + 日誌檔案會成長的非常快速，這會消耗磁碟空間並且會更難在日誌中找到有用的資訊，日誌管理便是為了嘗試減緩這種問題。在 FreeBSD 可以使用 newsyslog 來管理日誌檔案，這個內建的程式會定期翻轉 (Rotate) 與壓縮日誌檔案，並且可選擇性的建立遺失的日誌檔案並在日誌檔案被移動位置時通知程式。日誌檔案可能會由 syslogd 產生或由其他任何會產生日誌檔案的程式。newsyslog 正常會由 cron8 來執行，它並非一個系統 Daemon，預設會每個小時執行一次。 - To know which actions to take, - newsyslog reads its configuration - file, /etc/newsyslog.conf. This file - contains one line for each log file that - newsyslog manages. Each line - states the file owner, permissions, when to rotate that file, - optional flags that affect log rotation, such as compression, - and programs to signal when the log is rotated. Here is the - default configuration in FreeBSD: + newsyslog 會讀取其設定檔 /etc/newsyslog.conf 來決定其要採取的動作，每個要由 newsyslog 所管理的日誌檔案會在此設定檔中設定一行，每一行要說明檔案的擁有者、權限、何時要翻轉該檔案、選用的日誌翻轉旗標，如：壓縮，以及日誌翻轉時要通知的程式。以下為 FreeBSD 的預設設定： # configuration file for newsyslog # $FreeBSD$ @@ -15385,29 +14842,9 @@ /var/log/weekly.log 640 5 1 $W6D0 JN /var/log/xferlog 600 7 100 * JC - Each line starts with the name of the log to be rotated, - optionally followed by an owner and group for both rotated and - newly created files. The mode field sets - the permissions on the log file and count - denotes how many rotated log files should be kept. The - size and when fields - tell newsyslog when to rotate the - file. A log file is rotated when either its size is larger - than the size field or when the time in the - when field has passed. An asterisk - (*) means that this field is ignored. The - flags field gives further - instructions, such as how to compress the rotated file or to - create the log file if it is missing. The last two fields are - optional and specify the name of the Process ID - (PID) file of a process and a signal number - to send to that process when the file is rotated. + 每一行的開始為要翻轉的日誌名稱、接著是供翻轉與新建檔案使用的擁有者及群組 (選填)。mode 欄位可設定日誌檔案的權限，count 代表要保留多少個翻轉過的日誌檔案，而 size 與 when 欄位會告訴 newsyslog 何時要翻轉該檔案。日誌檔案會在當其檔案超過 size 欄位的大小或已超過 when 欄位指定的時間時翻轉，可使用星號 (*) 忽略該欄位。flags 欄位可以給予進階的參數，例如：如何壓縮翻轉後檔案或建立遺失的日誌檔案。最後兩個欄位皆為選填，可指定程序的程序 ID (PID) 檔名稱以及檔案翻轉後要傳送給該程序的信號 (Signal) 編號。 - For more information on all fields, valid flags, and how - to specify the rotation time, refer to newsyslog.conf5. - Since newsyslog is run from - cron8, it cannot rotate files more often than it is - scheduled to run from cron8. + 要取的更多有關所有欄位、可用的旗標及如何指定翻轉時間，請參考 newsyslog.conf5。由於 newsyslog 是由 cron8 執行，因此無法比其在 cron8 中所排定的時間間距內更頻繁的執行翻轉檔案。 @@ -15670,8 +15107,7 @@ <filename>/etc</filename> 配置 - There are a number of directories in which configuration - information is kept. These include: + 有數個目錄中儲存著設定資訊，這些目錄有： @@ -15681,52 +15117,42 @@ /etc - Generic system-specific configuration - information. + 通用系統特定的設定資訊。 /etc/defaults - Default versions of system configuration - files. + 系統設定檔的預設版本。 /etc/mail - Extra sendmail8 configuration and other - MTA configuration files. + sendmail8 額外的設定以及其他 MTA 設定檔。 /etc/ppp - Configuration for both user- and kernel-ppp - programs. + user- 及 kernel-ppp 程式的設定。 /etc/namedb - Default location for named8 data. - Normally named.conf and zone - files are stored here. + named8 資料的預設位置。named.conf 及區域 (Zone) 檔案正常會儲存在此處。 /usr/local/etc - Configuration files for installed applications. - May contain per-application subdirectories. + 已安裝應用程式的設定檔，可能會有以應用程式區分的子目錄。 /usr/local/etc/rc.d - rc8 scripts for installed - applications. + 已安裝應用程式的 rc8 Script。 /var/db - Automatically generated system-specific database - files, such as the package database and the - locate1 database. + 自動產生的系統特定資料庫檔案，例如套件資料庫以及 locate1 資料庫。 @@ -15746,12 +15172,9 @@ resolv.conf - How a FreeBSD system accesses the Internet Domain Name - System (DNS) is controlled by - resolv.conf5. + FreeBSD 要如何存取網際網路網域名稱系統 (Internet Domain Name System, DNS) 是由 resolv.conf5 來控制。 - The most common entries to - /etc/resolv.conf are: + /etc/resolv.conf 中最常用的項目為： @@ -15761,29 +15184,23 @@ nameserver - The IP address of a name - server the resolver should query. The servers are - queried in the order listed with a maximum of - three. + 解析程式 (Resolver) 要查詢的名稱伺服器 IP 位置，這些伺服器會依所列的順序來查詢，最多可以有三個。 search - Search list for hostname lookup. This is - normally determined by the domain of the local - hostname. + 主機名稱查詢使用的搜尋清單。這通常會使用本機主機名稱所在的網域。 domain - The local domain name. + 本地網域名稱。 - A typical /etc/resolv.conf looks - like this: + 典型的 /etc/resolv.conf 會如下： search example.com nameserver 147.11.1.11 @@ -15790,14 +15207,10 @@ nameserver 147.11.100.30 - Only one of the search and - domain options should be used. + search 與 domain 選項應擇一使用。 - When using DHCP, dhclient8 - usually rewrites /etc/resolv.conf - with information received from the DHCP - server. + 當使用 DHCP 時，dhclient8 通常會使用從 DHCP 伺服器所接收到的資訊覆寫 /etc/resolv.conf。 @@ -15805,18 +15218,7 @@ hosts - /etc/hosts is a simple text - database which works in conjunction with - DNS and - NIS to provide host name to - IP address mappings. Entries for local - computers connected via a LAN can be - added to this file for simplistic naming purposes instead - of setting up a named8 server. Additionally, - /etc/hosts can be used to provide a - local record of Internet names, reducing the need to query - external DNS servers for commonly - accessed names. + /etc/hosts 是簡單的文字資料庫，會與 DNS 及 NIS 一併使用來提供主機名稱與 IP 位址的對應。可將透過 LAN 所連結的在地電腦項目加入到這個檔案做最簡單的命名，來替代設定一個 named8 伺服器。除此之外 /etc/hosts 可以用來提供本地的網際網路名稱記錄，來減少常用名稱向外部 DNS 伺服器查詢的需求。 # $FreeBSD$ # @@ -15851,16 +15253,15 @@ # from your regional registry (ARIN, APNIC, LACNIC, RIPE NCC, or AfriNIC.) # - The format of /etc/hosts is as - follows: + /etc/hosts 的格式如下： [Internet address] [official hostname] [alias1] [alias2] ... - For example: + 例如： 10.0.0.1 myRealHostname.example.com myRealHostname foobar1 foobar2 - Consult hosts5 for more information. + 請參考 hosts5 取得更多資訊。 @@ -15874,40 +15275,27 @@ with sysctl - sysctl8 is used to make changes to a running FreeBSD - system. This includes many advanced options of the - TCP/IP stack and virtual memory system - that can dramatically improve performance for an experienced - system administrator. Over five hundred system variables can - be read and set using sysctl8. + sysctl8 可用來更改執行中的 FreeBSD 系統，這包含許多 TCP/IP 堆疊及虛擬記憶體系統的進階選項，讓有經驗的系統管理者能夠簡單的提升效能。有超過五百個系統變數可以使用 sysctl8 來讀取與設定。 - At its core, sysctl8 serves two functions: to read - and to modify system settings. + sysctl8 主要提供兩個功能：讀取與修改系統設定。 - To view all readable variables: + 檢視所有可讀取的變數： % sysctl -a - To read a particular variable, specify its name: + 要讀取特定變數只要指定其名稱： % sysctl kern.maxproc kern.maxproc: 1044 - To set a particular variable, use the - variable=value - syntax: + 要設定特定變數可使用 variable=value 語法： # sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000 kern.maxfiles: 2088 -> 5000 - Settings of sysctl variables are usually either strings, - numbers, or booleans, where a boolean is 1 - for yes or 0 for no. + sysctl 的設定值通常為字串、數字或布林值，其中布林值的 1 代表是，0 代表否。 - To automatically set some variables each time the machine - boots, add them to /etc/sysctl.conf. For - more information, refer to sysctl.conf5 and - . + 要在每次機器開機時自動設定一些變數可將其加入到 /etc/sysctl.conf。要取得更多的資訊請參考 sysctl.conf5 及 。 <filename>sysctl.conf</filename> @@ -15915,17 +15303,9 @@ sysctl.conf sysctl - The configuration file for sysctl8, - /etc/sysctl.conf, looks much like - /etc/rc.conf. Values are set in a - variable=value form. The specified values - are set after the system goes into multi-user mode. Not all - variables are settable in this mode. + sysctl8 的設定檔於 /etc/sysctl.conf，內容很像 /etc/rc.conf，設定數值使用 variable=value 格式。指定的數值會在系統進入多使用者模式時設定，但並非所有變數皆可在此模式設定。 - For example, to turn off logging of fatal signal exits - and prevent users from seeing processes started by other - users, the following tunables can be set in - /etc/sysctl.conf: + 例如，要關閉嚴重信號 (Fatal signal) 中止的記錄並避免使用者看到其他使用者所執行的程序，可加入以下設定到 /etc/sysctl.conf： # Do not log fatal signal exits (e.g., sig 11) kern.logsigexit=0 @@ -15950,22 +15330,14 @@ - In some cases it may be desirable to modify read-only - sysctl8 values, which will require a reboot of the - system. + 在有些情況可能會需要修改唯讀的 sysctl8 數值，而這會需要重新啟動系統。 - For instance, on some laptop models the cardbus4 - device will not probe memory ranges and will fail with errors - similar to: + 例如，某些筆電型號的 cardbus4 裝置無法偵測到記憶體範圍而且會失效並有類似以下的錯誤： cbb0: Could not map register memory device_probe_and_attach: cbb0 attach returned 12 - The fix requires the modification of a read-only - sysctl8 setting. Add - to - /boot/loader.conf and reboot. Now - cardbus4 should work properly. + 這個修正需要修改唯讀的 sysctl8 設定。加入 到 /boot/loader.conf 然後重新啟動。現在 cardbus4 應可正常運作。 @@ -16627,59 +15999,36 @@ 增加交換空間 - Sometimes a system requires more swap space. This section - describes two methods to increase swap space: adding swap to an - existing partition or new hard drive, and creating a swap file - on an existing partition. + 有時系統會需要更多的交換 (Swap) 空間，本章節會介紹兩種增加交換空間的方式：一種是在既有的分割區或新的硬碟增加交換空間，另一種則是在既有的分割區中建立一個交換檔。 - For information on how to encrypt swap space, which options - exist, and why it should be done, refer to . + 要取得更多有關如何加密交換空間的資訊、有那些可用的選項以及為何要做加密，可參考 。 使用新硬碟或既有分割區增加交換空間 - Adding a new hard drive for swap gives better performance - than using a partition on an existing drive. Setting up - partitions and hard drives is explained in while discusses partition layouts - and swap partition size considerations. + 在新的磁碟上增加交換空間比起使用既有硬碟上的分割區會有較佳的效率。設定分割區與硬碟在 中有說明，另外 會討論到分割區的配置與交換分割區大小需考量的事項。 - Use swapon to add a swap partition to - the system. For example: + 使用 swapon 來增加交換分割區到系統，例： # swapon /dev/ada1s1b - It is possible to use any partition not currently - mounted, even if it already contains data. Using - swapon on a partition that contains data - will overwrite and destroy that data. Make sure that the - partition to be added as swap is really the intended - partition before running swapon. + 可以使用任何尚未掛載過、甚至已經有內含資料的分割區做為交換空間，但在含有資料的分割區上使用 swapon 會覆寫並清除該分割區上所有的資料，請在執行 swapon 之前確認真的要使用該分割區增加交換空間。 - To automatically add this swap partition on boot, add an - entry to /etc/fstab: + 要在開機時自動加入此交換分割區，可加入以下項目到 /etc/fstab： /dev/ada1s1b none swap sw 0 0 - See fstab5 for an explanation of the entries in - /etc/fstab. More information about - swapon can be found in - swapon8. + 請參考 fstab5 來取得在 /etc/fstab 中項目的說明。更多有關 swapon 的資訊 可以在 swapon8 找到。 建立交換檔 - These examples create a 64M swap file called - /usr/swap0 instead of using a - partition. + 以下例子會建立一個 64M 的交換檔於 /usr/swap0 來替代使用分割區建立交換空間。 - Using swap files requires that the module needed by - md4 has either been built into the kernel or has been - loaded before swap is enabled. See - for information about building - a custom kernel. + 使用交換檔開啟交換空間前需要在核心編譯或載入 md4 所需的模組，請參考 了解有關編譯自訂核心的資訊。 建立交換檔於 FreeBSD 10.<replaceable>X</replaceable> 及以後版本 @@ -16686,31 +16035,27 @@ - Create the swap file: + 建立交換檔： # dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1m count=64 - Set the proper permissions on the new file: + 在新檔案設定適當的權限： # chmod 0600 /usr/swap0 - Inform the system about the swap file by adding a - line to /etc/fstab: + 加入行到 /etc/fstab 以讓系統知道交換檔的資訊： md99 none swap sw,file=/usr/swap0,late 0 0 - The md4 device md99 is - used, leaving lower device numbers available for - interactive use. + 已使用 md4 裝置的 md99，保留較低的裝置編號供互動操作時使用。 - Swap space will be added on system startup. To add - swap space immediately, use swapon8: + 交換空間會於系統啟動時增加。若要立即增加交換空間，請參考 swapon8： # swapon -aL @@ -16722,31 +16067,25 @@ - Create the swap file, - /usr/swap0: + 建立交換檔 /usr/swap0： # dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1m count=64 - Set the proper permissions on - /usr/swap0: + 設定適當的權限於 /usr/swap0： # chmod 0600 /usr/swap0 - Enable the swap file in - /etc/rc.conf: + 在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟交換檔： swapfile="/usr/swap0" # Set to name of swap file - Swap space will be added on system startup. To - enable the swap file immediately, specify a free memory - device. Refer to for - more information about memory devices. + 交換空間會於系統啟動時增加。若要立即增加交換空間，可指定一個未使用的記憶體裝置。請參考 取得更多有關記憶體裝置的資訊。 # mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /usr/swap0 -u 0 && swapon /dev/md0 @@ -18917,7 +18256,7 @@ message is sent to the broadcast address. However, there is no reason for an external host to perform such an action. To reject all external broadcast requests, set - net.inet.icmp.bmcastecho to + net.inet.icmp.bmcastecho to 0. Some additional settings are documented in @@ -26278,7 +25617,7 @@ - 循環與壓縮 Audit Trail 檔 + 翻轉與壓縮 Audit Trail 檔 Audit trails are written to by the kernel and managed by the audit daemon, auditd8. @@ -28071,10 +27410,10 @@ The installation media for - FreeBSD/i386 9.3-RELEASE does not + FreeBSD/i386 10.3-RELEASE does not include a rescue shell. For this version, instead download and burn a Livefs CD image from - ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/9.3/FreeBSD-9.3-RELEASE-i386-livefs.iso. + ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-i386-livefs.iso. Next, test the rescue shell and the backups. Make notes @@ -29831,7 +29170,7 @@ Striping - 串連會合併數個磁碟成單一個磁碟區 (Volume)。串連可以透過使用硬體 RAID 控制器來達到。GEOM 磁碟子系統提供了軟體支援的磁碟串連，也就是所謂的 RAID0，而不需要 RAID 磁碟控制器。 + 串連會合併數個磁碟成單一個磁碟區 (Volume)，可以透過使用硬體 RAID 控制器來做到串連。GEOM 磁碟子系統提供了軟體支援的磁碟串連，也就是所謂的 RAID0，而不需要 RAID 磁碟控制器。 在 RAID0 中，資料會被切割成數個資料區塊 (Block) 寫入到磁碟陣列中的每一個磁碟機。如下圖所示，取代以往等候系統寫入 256k 到一個磁碟的時間， RAID0 可以同時寫入 64k 到磁碟陣列中四個磁碟的每個磁碟，這可提供優異的 I/O 效能，若使用多個磁碟控制器可增加更多的效能。 @@ -31425,11 +30764,11 @@ - 資料完整性：所有資料都會有一個資料的校驗碼 (checksum)，資被寫入時會計算校驗碼然後一併寫入，往後讀取資料時又會再計算一次校驗碼，若校驗碼與當初寫入時不相符，便可偵測到資料錯誤，此時若有可用的資料備援 (Data redundancy)，ZFS 會嘗試自動修正錯誤。 + 資料完整性：所有資料都會有一個資料的校驗碼 (checksum)，資料寫入時會計算校驗碼然後一併寫入，往後讀取資料時會再計算一次校驗碼，若校驗碼與當初寫入時不相符，便可偵測到資料錯誤，此時若有可用的資料備援 (Data redundancy)，ZFS 會嘗試自動修正錯誤。 - 儲存池：實體的儲存裝置都會被加入到一個儲存池 (Pool)，然後會使用這個共用的儲存池來配置儲存空間，空間可給所有的檔案系統使用，而空間可透過加入新的儲存裝置到儲存池來增加。 + 儲存池：實體的儲存裝置都會先被加入到一個儲存池 (Pool)，這個共用的儲存池可用來配置儲存空間，儲存池的空間可被所有的檔案系統使用且透過加入新的儲存裝置來增加空間。 @@ -31442,7 +30781,7 @@ 什麼使 <acronym>ZFS</acronym> 與眾不同 - ZFS 與任何以往的檔案系統有顯著的不同，它並不只是一個檔案系統，結合了傳統磁碟區管理程式 (Volume Manager) 及檔案系統兩個獨立的角色，造就了 ZFS 獨特的優點，讓檔案系統現在可以察覺磁碟底層結構的變動。傳統在一個磁碟上只能建立一個檔案系統，若有兩個磁碟則會需要建立兩個分開的檔案系統，這個問題在傳統硬體 RAID 上可以透過呈現一個單一的邏輯磁碟給作業系統來解決，這個磁碟的空間實際上由數個實體磁碟所組成，而作業系統便可在這個邏輯磁碟上放置檔案系統，即使在像 GEOM 提供的軟體 RAID 解決方案也是一樣，把 RAID transform 當做是一個單一的裝置，把 UFS 檔案系統放在上面。ZFS 結合了 Volume Manager 與檔案系統來解決這個問題並讓建立的許多檔案系統可以共用一個儲存池 (Pool)。ZFS 最大的優點是可以察覺實體磁碟配置的變動，當有額外的磁碟加入到儲存池時可以自動擴增即有的檔案系統，所有的檔案系統便可使用這個新的空間。ZFS 也有數個不同的屬性可以套用到各別檔案系統上，比起單一檔案系統，對建立數個不同檔案系統與資料集 (Dataset) 時有許多的好處。 + ZFS 與以往任何的檔案系統有顯著的不同，因為它不只是一個檔案系統，ZFS 的獨特優點來自結合了以往被分開的磁碟區管理程式 (Volume Manager) 及檔案系統兩個角色，讓檔案系統也能夠察覺磁碟底層結構的變動。傳統在一個磁碟上只能建立一個檔案系統，若有兩個磁碟則會需要建立兩個分開的檔案系統，在傳統要解決這個問題要使用硬體 RAID 來製作一個空間實際上由數顆實體磁碟所組成的單一的邏輯磁碟給作業系統，作業系統便可在這個邏輯磁碟上放置檔案系統，即使是在那些使用 GEOM 提供的軟體 RAID 解決方案也是一樣，把 UFS 檔案系統放在 RAID Transform 上面當做是一個單一的裝置。ZFS 結合了磁碟區管理程式 (Volume Manager) 與檔案系統來解決這個問題並讓建立多個檔案系統可以共用一個儲存池 (Pool)。ZFS 最大的優點是可以察覺實體磁碟配置的變動，當有額外的磁碟加入到儲存池時可以自動擴增現有的檔案系統，所有的檔案系統便可使用這個新的空間。ZFS 也有數個不同的屬性可以套用到各別檔案系統上，比起單一檔案系統，對建立數個不同檔案系統與資料集 (Dataset) 時有許多的好處。 @@ -31456,7 +30795,7 @@ # service zfs start - 這本節的例子會假設有三個 SCSI 磁碟，名稱分別為 da0, da1 及 da2。SATA 硬體的使用者裝置名稱改為 ada 。 + 本節的例子會假設有三個 SCSI 磁碟，名稱分別為 da0, da1 及 da2。SATA 硬體的使用者裝置名稱改為 ada 。 單磁碟儲存池 @@ -31485,7 +30824,7 @@ drwxr-xr-x 21 root wheel 512 Aug 29 23:12 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 Aug 29 23:15 testfile - 但是，這個儲存池並未運用到任何 ZFS 功能，若要在這個儲存池上建立一個有開啟壓縮的資料集： + 但是，這個儲存池並未運用到任何 ZFS 功能，若要在這個儲存池上建立一個有開啟壓縮功能的資料集： # zfs create example/compressed # zfs set compression=gzip example/compressed @@ -31492,7 +30831,7 @@ example/compressed 資料集現在是一個 ZFS 壓縮的檔案系統，可以試著複製較大的檔案到 /example/compressed。 - 壓縮也可以使用以下指令關閉： + 壓縮功能也可以使用以下指令關閉： # zfs set compression=off example/compressed @@ -31506,7 +30845,7 @@ /dev/ad0s1d 54098308 1032864 48737580 2% /usr example 17547008 0 17547008 0% /example - 要重新掛載檔案系統以便再次使用，使用 use zfs mount 然後以 df 檢查： + 要重新掛載檔案系統以便再次使用，使用 zfs mount 然後以 df 檢查： # zfs mount example/compressed # df @@ -31526,7 +30865,7 @@ example on /example (zfs, local) example/compressed on /example/compressed (zfs, local) - 在建立之後，ZFS 的資料集可如同其他檔案系統一般使用，且有許多額外功能可在每個資料集上設定。例如，建立一個新的檔案系統 data，此處預計存放重要的資料，所以會設定每個資料區 (Data block) 要保留兩份備份： + 在建立之後，ZFS 的資料集可如同其他檔案系統一般使用，且有許多額外功能可在每個資料集上設定。例如，建立一個預計存放重要的資料的新檔案系統 data，要設定每個資料區塊 (Data block) 要保留兩份備份： # zfs create example/data # zfs set copies=2 example/data @@ -31561,10 +30900,10 @@ # zpool create storage raidz da0 da1 da2 - Sun 建議用在 RAID-Z 設定的裝置數在三到九個之間。若需要由 10 個或更多磁碟組成單一儲存池環境，請考慮是否分成較小的 RAID-Z 群組。若只有兩個可用的磁碟且需要做備援 (Redundancy)，請考慮使用 ZFS 鏡像 (Mirror)。請參考 zpool8 取得更多詳細資訊。 + Sun 建議用在 RAID-Z 設定的裝置數在三到九個之間。若需要由 10 個或更多磁碟組成單一儲存池的環境，可考慮分成較小的 RAID-Z 群組。若只有兩個可用的磁碟且需要做備援 (Redundancy)，可考慮使用 ZFS 鏡像 (Mirror)。請參考 zpool8 取得更多詳細資訊。 - 先前的例子已經建立了 storage zpool，現在這個例子會在該儲存池中建立一個新的檔案系統，名稱為 home： + 先前的例子已經建立了 storage 儲存池 (zpool)，現在這個例子會在該儲存池中建立一個新的檔案系統，名稱為 home： # zfs create storage/home @@ -31573,7 +30912,7 @@ # zfs set copies=2 storage/home # zfs set compression=gzip storage/home - 要讓這個空間做為使用者的新家目錄位置，複製使用者資料到這個目錄並建立適合的符號連結 (Symbolic link)： + 要讓這個空間作為使用者的新家目錄位置，需複製使用者資料到這個目錄並建立適合的符號連結 (Symbolic link)： # cp -rp /home/* /storage/home # rm -rf /home /usr/home @@ -31586,9 +30925,9 @@ # zfs snapshot storage/home@08-30-08 - 只可以對整個檔案系統做快照，無法針對各別目錄或檔案。 + 快照只可以使用整個檔案系統製作，無法使用各別目錄或檔案。 - @ 是用來區隔檔案系統 (File system) 名稱或磁碟區 (Volume) 名稱的字元，若有重要的目錄意外被刪除，檔案系統可以備份然後還原到先前目錄還存在時的快照 (Snapshot)： + @ 字元用來區隔檔案系統名稱 (File system) 或磁碟區 (Volume) 名稱，若有重要的目錄意外被刪除，檔案系統可以備份然後還原到先前目錄還存在時的快照 (Snapshot)： # zfs rollback storage/home@08-30-08 @@ -31620,7 +30959,7 @@ storage 26320512 0 26320512 0% /storage storage/home 26320512 0 26320512 0% /home - 這個動作完成 RAID-Z 最後的設定，有關已建立的檔案系統每日狀態更新可以做為 periodic8 的一部份在每晚執行。加入此行到 /etc/periodic.conf： + 這個動作完成 RAID-Z 最後的設定，有關已建立的檔案系統每日狀態更新可以做為 periodic8 的一部份在每天晚上執行。加入此行到 /etc/periodic.conf： daily_status_zfs_enable="YES" @@ -31628,7 +30967,7 @@ 復原 <acronym>RAID-Z</acronym> - 每個軟體 RAID 都有監控其狀態 (state) 的方式，RAID-Z 裝置的狀態可以使用這個指令來查看： + 每個軟體 RAID 都有監控其狀態 (state) 的方式，而 RAID-Z 裝置的狀態可以使用這個指令來查看： # zpool status -x @@ -31665,7 +31004,7 @@ # zpool replace storage da1 - 到這裡，可以再檢查狀態一次，這時不使用 參數來顯示所有的儲存池： + 到這裡，可以再檢查狀態一次，這時不需使用 參數來顯示所有的儲存池： # zpool status storage pool: storage @@ -31682,16 +31021,16 @@ errors: No known data errors - 在這個例子中，所有的磁碟均正常運作。 + 在這個例子中，所有的磁碟均已正常運作。 資料檢驗 - ZFS 使用校驗碼 (Checksum) 來檢驗資料的完整性 (Integrity)，在建立檔案系統時便會自動開啟。 + ZFS 使用校驗碼 (Checksum) 來檢驗資料的完整性 (Integrity)，會在建立檔案系統時便自動開啟。 - 校驗碼 (Checksum) 可以關閉，但並不建議！校驗碼只會使用非常少的儲存空間來確保資料的完整性。校驗碼若關閉會使許多 ZFS 功能無法正常運作，關閉校驗碼功能並不會明顯的改善效能。 + 校驗碼 (Checksum) 可以關閉，但並不建議！校驗碼只會使用非常少的儲存空間來確保資料的完整性。若關閉校驗碼會使許多 ZFS 功能無法正常運作，且關閉校驗碼對並不會明顯的改善效能。 檢驗校驗碼這個動作即所謂的清潔 (Scrub)，可以使用以下指令來檢驗 storage 儲存池的資料完整性： @@ -31698,7 +31037,7 @@ # zpool scrub storage - 清潔所需要的時間依儲存的資料量而定，較大的資料量相對會需要花費較長的時間來檢驗。清潔對 I/O 的操作非常密集，且一次只能進行一個清潔動作。在清潔完成之後，可以使用 status 來查看狀態： + 清潔所需要的時間依儲存的資料量而定，較大的資料量相對會需要花費較長的時間來檢驗。清潔會對 I/O 有非常密集的操作且一次只能進行一個清潔動作。在清潔完成之後，可以使用 status 來查看狀態： # zpool status storage pool: storage @@ -31729,7 +31068,7 @@ 建立與摧毀儲存池 - 建立 ZFS 儲存池 (zpool) 要做幾個涉及長遠規劃的決定，因為建立儲存池之後便無法再更改儲存池的結構。最重要的決定是要使用那一種型態的 vdev 來將實體磁碟設為同一群組。請參考 vdev 型態 的清單來取得有關可用選項的詳細資訊。大部份的 vdev 型態不允許在建立儲存池之後再加入額外的磁碟，鏡像 (Mirror) 是其中一個例外，可以允許加入額外的磁碟到 vdev，另一個則是串連 (Stripe)，可以加入額外的磁碟到 vdev 來升級為鏡像。雖然可以加入額外的 vdev 來擴充儲存池，但儲存池的配置在建立之後便無法更改，若要要更改，則必須備份資料，把儲存池摧毀後再重新建立。 + 建立 ZFS 儲存池 (zpool) 要做幾個涉及長遠規劃的決定，因為建立儲存池之後便無法再更改儲存池的結構。最重要的決定是要使用那一種型態的 vdev 來將實體磁碟設為同一群組。請參考 vdev 型態 的清單來取得有關可用選項的詳細資訊。大部份的 vdev 型態不允許在建立儲存池之後再加入額外的磁碟，鏡像 (Mirror) 是可以允許加入額外的磁碟到 vdev 的其中一個例外，另一個則是串連 (Stripe)，可以加入額外的磁碟到 vdev 來升級為鏡像。雖然可以加入額外的 vdev 來擴充儲存池，但儲存池的配置在建立之後便無法更改，若要要更改，則必須先備份資料，把儲存池摧毀後再重新建立。 建立一個簡單的鏡像儲存池： @@ -31748,7 +31087,7 @@ errors: No known data errors - 可以一次建立數個 vdev，磁碟群組間使用 vdev type 關鍵字來區隔，在這個例子使用 mirror： + 可以一次建立數個 vdev，磁碟群組間使用 vdev 型態關鍵字來區隔，在這個例子使用 mirror： # zpool create mypool mirror /dev/ada1 /dev/ada2 mirror /dev/ada3 /dev/ada4 pool: mypool @@ -31767,7 +31106,7 @@ errors: No known data errors - 儲存池也可使用分割區 (Partition) 來建立，不使用整個磁碟。把 ZFS 放到不同的分割區可讓同一個磁碟有其他的分割區可做其他用途，尤其是有 Bootcode 與檔案系統要用來開機的分割區，這讓磁碟可以用來開機也同樣可以做為儲存池的一部份。在 FreeBSD 用分割區來替代整個磁碟並不會對效能有影響。使用分割區也讓管理者可以對磁碟容量做 少算的預備，使用比完整容量少的容量，未來若要替換的磁碟號稱與原磁碟相同，但實際上卻比較小時，也可符合這個較小的分割區容量，以使用替換的磁碟。 + 儲存池也可以不使用整個磁碟而改使用分割區 (Partition) 來建立。把 ZFS 放到不同的分割區可讓同一個磁碟有其他的分割區可做其他用途，尤其是有 Bootcode 與檔案系統要用來開機的分割區，這讓磁碟可以用來開機也同樣可以做為儲存池的一部份。在 FreeBSD 用分割區來替代整個磁碟並不會對效能有影響。使用分割區也讓管理者可以對磁碟容量做 少算的預備，使用比完整容量少的容量，未來若要替換的磁碟號稱與原磁碟相同，但實際上卻比較小時，也可符合這個較小的分割區容量，以使用替換的磁碟。 使用分割區建立一個 RAID-Z2 儲存池： @@ -31790,7 +31129,7 @@ errors: No known data errors - 不再使用的儲存池可以摧毀，來讓磁碟可以再次使用。摧毀一個儲存池要先卸載所有該儲存池的資料集。若資料集在使用中，卸載的操作會失敗且不會被摧毀儲存池。儲存池的摧毀可以使用 來強制執行，但這可能造成那些有開啟這些資料集中的檔案的應用程式無法辨識的行為。 + 不需使用的儲存池可以摧毀，來讓磁碟可以再次使用。摧毀一個儲存池要先卸載所有該儲存池的資料集。若資料集在使用中，卸載的操作會失敗且儲存池不會被摧毀。儲存池的摧毀可以使用 來強制執行，但這可能造成那些有開啟這些資料集之中檔案的應用程式無法辨識的行為。 @@ -31961,7 +31300,7 @@ 清除錯誤 - 當偵測到錯誤發生，讀取、寫入或校驗碼 (Checksum) 的計數便會增加。使用 zpool clear mypool 可以清除錯誤訊息及重置計數。清空錯誤狀態對當儲存池發生錯誤要使用自動化 Script 通知的管理者來說會很重要，因在舊的錯誤尚未清除前，可能便不會回報後續的錯誤。 + 當偵測到錯誤發生，讀取、寫入或校驗碼 (Checksum) 的計數便會增加。使用 zpool clear mypool 可以清除錯誤訊息及重置計數。清空錯誤狀態對當儲存池發生錯誤要使用自動化 Script 通知的管理者來說會很重要，因在舊的錯誤尚未清除前不會回報後續的錯誤。 @@ -32161,7 +31500,7 @@ 寫入隨機的資料到鏡像的第一個磁碟來模擬資料損毀的情況。要避免 ZFS 偵測到錯誤時馬上做修復，接著要將儲存池匯出，待模擬資料損毀之後再匯入。 - 這是一個危險的操作，會破壞重要的資料。在這裡使用僅為了示範用，不應在儲存池正常運作時嘗試使用，也不應將這個故意損壞資料的例子用在任何其他的檔案系統上，不要使用任何不屬於該儲存池的其他磁碟裝置名稱。請確定在執行指令前已對儲存池做正確的備份。 + 這是一個危險的操作，會破壞重要的資料。在這裡使用僅為了示範用，不應在儲存池正常運作時嘗試使用，也不應將這個故意損壞資料的例子用在任何其他的檔案系統上，所以請勿使用任何不屬於該儲存池的其他磁碟裝置名稱並確定在執行指令前已對儲存池做正確的備份。 # zpool export healer @@ -32244,7 +31583,7 @@ errors: No known data errors - 清潔操作完成後，便同步完 ada0 到 ada1 間的所有資料。執行 zpool clear 可以清除 (Clear) 儲存池狀態的錯誤訊息。 + 清潔操作完成便同步了 ada0 到 ada1 間的所有資料。執行 zpool clear 可以清除 (Clear) 儲存池狀態的錯誤訊息。 # zpool clear healer # zpool status healer @@ -32307,7 +31646,7 @@ 升級儲存儲存池 - 在升級 FreeBSD 之後或儲存池是由其他使用舊版 ZFS 所匯入，儲存池可以手動升級到最新版本的 ZFS 來支援新的功能。在升級前請評估儲存池是否還要在舊的系統做匯入，由於升級是一個單向的程序，舊的儲存池可以升級，但有新功能的儲存池無法降級。 + 在升級 FreeBSD 之後或儲存池是由其他使用舊版 ZFS 的系統匯入，儲存池可以手動升級到最新版本的 ZFS 來支援新的功能。在升級前請評估儲存池是否還要在舊的系統做匯入，由於升級是一個單向的程序，舊的儲存池可以升級，但有新功能的儲存池無法降級。 升級一個 v28 的儲存以支援功能旗標 (Feature Flags)： @@ -32355,7 +31694,7 @@ ZFS 的新功能在 zpool upgrade 尚未完成之前無法使用。可以用 zpool upgrade -v 來查看升級後有那些新功能，也同時會列出已經支援那些功能。 - 升級儲存池支援額外的功能旗標 (Feature flags)： + 升級儲存池支援新版的功能旗標 (Feature flags)： # zpool status pool: mypool @@ -32407,7 +31746,7 @@ filesystem_limits - 使用儲存池來開機的系統上的 Boot code 必須更新以支援新的儲存池版本，在含有 Boot code 的分割區使用 gpart bootcode 來更新。請參考 gpart8 取得更多資訊。 + 在使用儲存池來開機的系統上的 Boot code 也必須一併更新來支援新的儲存池版本，可在含有 Boot code 的分割區使用 gpart bootcode 來更新。請參考 gpart8 取得更多資訊。 @@ -32572,9 +31911,9 @@ 建立與摧毀磁碟區 - 磁碟區 (Volume) 是特殊類型的資料集，不會被掛載成一個檔案系統，而是會被當做儲存區塊裝置出現在 /dev/zvol/poolname/dataset 下。這讓磁碟區可以用於其他檔案系統，備份虛擬機器的磁碟或是使用 iSCSI 或 HAST 通訊協定匯出。 + 磁碟區 (Volume) 是特殊類型的資料集，不會被掛載成一個檔案系統，而是會被當做儲存區塊裝置出現在 /dev/zvol/poolname/dataset 下。這讓磁碟區可供其他檔案系統使用、拿來備份虛擬機器的磁碟或是使用 iSCSI 或 HAST 通訊協定匯出。 - 磁碟區可以被格式化成任何檔案系統，或不使用檔案系統來儲存原始資料。對一般使用者，磁碟區就像是一般的磁碟，可以放置一般的檔案系統在這些 zvols上，並提供一般磁碟或檔案系統一般所沒有的功能。例如，使用壓縮屬性在一個 250 MB 的磁碟區可建立一個壓縮的 FAT 檔案系統。 + 磁碟區可以被格式化成任何檔案系統，或不使用檔案系統來儲存原始資料。對一般使用者，磁碟區就像是一般的磁碟，可以放置一般的檔案系統在這些 zvols 上，並提供一般磁碟或檔案系統一般所沒有的功能。例如，使用壓縮屬性在一個 250 MB 的磁碟區可建立一個壓縮的 FAT 檔案系統。 # zfs create -V 250m -o compression=on tank/fat32 # zfs list tank @@ -32632,7 +31971,7 @@ mypool/var/newname 87.5K 93.2G 87.5K /var/newname mypool/var/tmp 152K 93.2G 152K /var/tmp - 快照也可以像這樣重新命名，由於快照的天性，使其無法被重新命名到另一個父資料集。要遞迴重新命名快照可指定 ，然後在子資料集中所有同名的快照也會一併被重新命名。 + 快照也可以像這樣重新命名，由於快照的本質使其無法被重新命名到另一個父資料集。要遞迴重新命名快照可指定 ，然後在子資料集中所有同名的快照也會一併被重新命名。 # zfs list -t snapshot NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT @@ -32668,7 +32007,7 @@ 管理快照 (Snapshot) - 快照 (Snapshot) 是 ZFS 最強大的功能之一。快照提供了資料集唯讀、單一時間點 (Point-in-Time) 的複製功能，使用了寫入時複製 (Copy-On-Write, COW) 的技術，可以透過保存在磁碟上的舊版資料快速的建立快照。若沒有快照存在，在資料被覆蓋或刪除時，便回收空間供未來使用。由於只記錄前一個版本與目前資料集的差異，因此快照可節省磁碟空間。快照只允許在整個資料集上使用，無法在各別檔案或目錄。當建立了一個資料集的快照時，便備份了所有內含的資料，這包含了檔案系統屬性、檔案、目錄、權限等等。第一次建立快照時只會使用到更改參照到資料區塊的空間，不會用到額外的空間。使用 可以對使用同名的資料集及其所有子資料集的建立一個遞迴快照，提供一致且即時 (Moment-in-time) 的完整檔案系統快照功能，這對於那些彼此有相關或相依檔案存放在不同資料集的應用程式非常重要。若不使用快照，備份所複製的資料其實是不同時間點的，可能會有不一致的問題。 + 快照 (Snapshot) 是 ZFS 最強大的功能之一。快照提供了資料集唯讀、單一時間點 (Point-in-Time) 的複製功能，使用了寫入時複製 (Copy-On-Write, COW) 的技術，可以透過保存在磁碟上的舊版資料快速的建立快照。若沒有快照存在，在資料被覆蓋或刪除時，便回收空間供未來使用。由於只記錄前一個版本與目前資料集的差異，因此快照可節省磁碟空間。快照只允許在整個資料集上使用，無法在各別檔案或目錄。當建立了一個資料集的快照時，便備份了所有內含的資料，這包含了檔案系統屬性、檔案、目錄、權限等等。第一次建立快照時只會使用到更改參照到資料區塊的空間，不會用到其他額外的空間。使用 可以對使用同名的資料集及其所有子資料集的建立一個遞迴快照，提供一致且即時 (Moment-in-time) 的完整檔案系統快照功能，這對於那些彼此有相關或相依檔案存放在不同資料集的應用程式非常重要。不使用快照所備份的資料其實是分散不同時間點的。 ZFS 中的快照提供了多種功能，即使是在其他缺乏快照功能的檔案系統上。一個使用快照的典型例子是在安裝軟體或執行系統升級這種有風險的動作時，能有一個快速的方式可以備份檔案系統目前的狀態，若動作失敗，可以使用快照還原 (Roll back) 到與快照建立時相同的系統狀態，若升級成功，便可刪除快照來釋放空間。若沒有快照功能，升級失敗通常會需要使用備份來恢復 (Restore) 系統，而這個動作非常繁瑣、耗時且可能會需要停機一段時間系統無法使用。使用快照可以快速的還原，即使系統正在執行一般的運作，只而要短暫或甚至不需停機。能夠節省大量在有數 TB 的儲存系統上從備份複製所需資料的時間。快照並非要用來取代儲存池的完整備份，但可以用在快速且簡單的保存某個特定時間點的資料集。 @@ -33203,7 +32542,7 @@ NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT pool 2.84G 2.19M 2.83G 0% 1.00x ONLINE - - DEDUP 欄位會顯示儲存池的實際去重複率，數值為 1.00x 代表資料尚未被去重複。在下一個例子會在前面所建立的去重複儲存池中複製三份 Port 樹到不同的目錄。中。 + DEDUP 欄位會顯示儲存池的實際去重複率，數值為 1.00x 代表資料尚未被去重複。在下一個例子會在前面所建立的去重複儲存池中複製三份 Port 樹到不同的目錄中。 # zpool list for d in dir1 dir2 dir3; do @@ -34780,31 +34119,10 @@ <trademark>VirtualBox</trademark> USB 支援 - In order to be able to read and write to USB devices, - users need to be members of - operator: - - # pw groupmod operator -m jerry - - Then, add the following to - /etc/devfs.rules, or create this file if - it does not exist yet: - - [system=10] -add path 'usb/*' mode 0660 group operator - - To load these new rules, add the following to - /etc/rc.conf: - - devfs_system_ruleset="system" - - Then, restart devfs: - - # service devfs restart - - USB can now be enabled in the guest operating system. USB - devices should be visible in the VirtualBox - preferences. + The VirtualBox extension + pack is not available for FreeBSD hosts. Without the extension + pack, the FreeBSD host cannot pass USB + ports through to guest operating systems. @@ -38480,9 +37798,9 @@ Call-out ports are named /dev/cuauN - on FreeBSD versions 10.x and higher and + on FreeBSD versions 8.X and higher and /dev/cuadN - on FreeBSD versions 9.x and lower. Call-out ports are + on FreeBSD versions 7.X and lower. Call-out ports are usually not used for terminals, but are used for modems. The call-out port can be used if the serial cable or the terminal does not support the Data Carrier @@ -45011,7 +44329,7 @@ 設定 <acronym>NIS</acronym> Master 伺服器 - The canonical copies of all NIS files + The canonical copies of all NIS files are stored on the master server. The databases used to store the information are called NIS maps. In FreeBSD, these maps are stored in @@ -48833,6 +48151,9 @@ samba_enable="YES" + To enable Samba4, use: + samba_server_enable="YES" + To start Samba now: # service samba start @@ -48844,7 +48165,7 @@ separate daemons. Both the nmbd and smbd daemons are started by samba_enable. If winbind name resolution - is also required, set: + is also required, set: winbindd_enable="YES" @@ -51398,7 +50719,7 @@ $cmd 00250 allow icmp from any to any out via $pif keep-state # Allow outbound NTP -$cmd 00260 allow tcp from any to any 37 out via $pif setup keep-state +$cmd 00260 allow udp from any to any 123 out via $pif setup keep-state # Allow outbound SSH $cmd 00280 allow tcp from any to any 22 out via $pif setup keep-state @@ -56240,7 +55561,7 @@ address is seen on a different interface. This gives the benefit of static address entries without the need to pre-populate the forwarding table. Clients learned - on a particular segment of the bridge can not roam to + on a particular segment of the bridge cannot roam to another segment. An example of using sticky addresses is to combine @@ -56257,7 +55578,7 @@ In this example, both clients see 192.168.0.1 as their default gateway. Since the bridge cache is sticky, one - host can not spoof the MAC address of + host cannot spoof the MAC address of the other customer in order to intercept their traffic. @@ -57652,7 +56973,7 @@ and REMOTE_IPv4_ADDR with the actual IPv4 addresses: - cloned_interfaces_gif0="MY_IPv4_ADDR REMOTE_IPv4_ADDR" + create_args_gif0="tunnel MY_IPv4_ADDR REMOTE_IPv4_ADDR" To apply the IPv6 address that has been assigned for use as the IPv6 tunnel @@ -58358,7 +57679,7 @@ provided in parentheses after the hostname. -Central Servers, Primary Mirror Sites, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, USA. +Central Servers, Primary Mirror Sites, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Brazil, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, USA. @@ -58480,21 +57801,6 @@ - Canada - - In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster - hostmaster@ca.FreeBSD.org for this domain. - - - ftp://ftp.ca.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp) - - - ftp://ftp2.ca.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp) - - - - - China In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster @@ -59645,7 +58951,7 @@ FreeBSD: The Complete Reference, published by McGrawHill, - 2003. ISBN: 0072224096 + 2003. ISBN: 0072224096 @@ -62409,7 +61715,7 @@ 官方鏡像站 -Central Servers, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom, USA. +Central Servers, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom, USA. @@ -62464,22 +61770,6 @@ - - Canada - - - - http://www.ca.FreeBSD.org/ - - - - - http://www2.ca.FreeBSD.org/ - - - - - Czech Republic Index: zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/zh_TW.po =================================================================== --- zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/zh_TW.po +++ zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/zh_TW.po @@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: \n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2016-10-18 13:09+0800\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-10-17 19:31+0800\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-01-04 15:35+0800\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-01-04 15:31+0800\n" "Last-Translator: Chien Wei Lin \n" "Language-Team: \n" "Language: zh_TW\n" @@ -10,33 +10,33 @@ "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.9\n" +"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.10\n" #. Put one translator per line, in the form NAME , YEAR1, YEAR2 msgctxt "_" msgid "translator-credits" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Chien Wei Lin " #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:602 +#: book.translate.xml:607 msgid "FreeBSD Handbook" msgstr "FreeBSD 使用手冊" #. (itstool) path: info/author -#: book.translate.xml:604 +#: book.translate.xml:609 msgid "The FreeBSD Documentation Project" msgstr "FreeBSD 文件計劃" #. (itstool) path: info/pubdate #. (itstool) path: info/releaseinfo -#: book.translate.xml:608 book.translate.xml:610 +#: book.translate.xml:613 book.translate.xml:615 msgid "" -"$FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.xml 48108 2016-01-28 " -"02:09:41Z wblock $" +"$FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.xml 49576 2016-10-25 " +"16:21:58Z gjb $" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/copyright -#: book.translate.xml:612 +#: book.translate.xml:617 msgid "" "1995 1996 1997 1998 " "1999 2000 2001 2002 " @@ -43,16 +43,17 @@ "2003 2004 2005 2006 " "2007 2008 2009 2010 " "2011 2012 2013 2014 " -"2015 The FreeBSD Documentation Project" +"2015 2016 The FreeBSD Documentation " +"Project" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/title -#: book.translate.xml:639 +#: book.translate.xml:645 msgid "Copyright" msgstr "版權" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:641 +#: book.translate.xml:647 msgid "" "Redistribution and use in source (XML DocBook) and 'compiled' forms (XML, " "HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or without modification, are " @@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:648 +#: book.translate.xml:654 msgid "" "Redistributions of source code (XML DocBook) must retain the above copyright " "notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer as the first " @@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:654 +#: book.translate.xml:660 msgid "" "Redistributions in compiled form (transformed to other DTDs, converted to " "PDF, PostScript, RTF and other formats) must reproduce the above copyright " @@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:663 +#: book.translate.xml:669 msgid "" "THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT \"AS IS" "\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE " @@ -93,32 +94,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:680 +#: book.translate.xml:686 msgid "FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation." msgstr "FreeBSD 是 FreeBSD 基金會的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:682 +#: book.translate.xml:688 msgid "3Com and HomeConnect are registered trademarks of 3Com Corporation." msgstr "3Com 和 HomeConnect 是 3Com Corporation 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:684 +#: book.translate.xml:690 msgid "3ware is a registered trademark of 3ware Inc." msgstr "3ware 是 3ware Inc 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:686 +#: book.translate.xml:692 msgid "ARM is a registered trademark of ARM Limited." msgstr "ARM 是 ARM Limited. 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:688 +#: book.translate.xml:694 msgid "Adaptec is a registered trademark of Adaptec, Inc." msgstr "Adaptec 是 Adaptec, Inc. 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:690 +#: book.translate.xml:696 msgid "" "Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, Flash and PostScript are either registered " "trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States " @@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ "Incorporated 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:694 +#: book.translate.xml:700 msgid "" "Apple, AirPort, FireWire, iMac, iPhone, iPad, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, " "Quicktime, and TrueType are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. " @@ -138,12 +139,12 @@ "Quicktime 以及 TrueType 是 Apple Inc. 在美國以及其他國家的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:699 +#: book.translate.xml:705 msgid "Android is a trademark of Google Inc." msgstr "Android 是 Google Inc 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:701 +#: book.translate.xml:707 msgid "" "Heidelberg, Helvetica, Palatino, and Times Roman are either registered " "trademarks or trademarks of Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG in the U.S. and " @@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ "Druckmaschinen AG 在美國以及其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:705 +#: book.translate.xml:711 msgid "" "IBM, AIX, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are trademarks of " "International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other " @@ -163,7 +164,7 @@ "Machines Corporation 在美國和其他國家的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:709 +#: book.translate.xml:715 msgid "" "IEEE, POSIX, and 802 are registered trademarks of Institute of Electrical " "and Electronics Engineers, Inc. in the United States." @@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ "Inc. 在美國的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:712 +#: book.translate.xml:718 msgid "" "Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, " "and Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its " @@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ "及 Xeon 是 Intel Corporation 及其分支機構在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:716 +#: book.translate.xml:722 msgid "" "Intuit and Quicken are registered trademarks and/or registered service marks " "of Intuit Inc., or one of its subsidiaries, in the United States and other " @@ -192,12 +193,12 @@ "標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:719 +#: book.translate.xml:725 msgid "Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds." msgstr "Linux 是 Linus Torvalds 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:721 +#: book.translate.xml:727 msgid "" "LSI Logic, AcceleRAID, eXtremeRAID, MegaRAID and Mylex are trademarks or " "registered trademarks of LSI Logic Corp." @@ -206,7 +207,7 @@ "商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:724 +#: book.translate.xml:730 msgid "" "Microsoft, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media and Windows " "NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation " @@ -216,7 +217,7 @@ "Windows NT 是 Microsoft Corporation 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:728 +#: book.translate.xml:734 msgid "" "Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The " "Open Group are trademarks of The Open Group in the United States and other " @@ -226,12 +227,12 @@ "DialTone 和 The Open Group 是其商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:732 +#: book.translate.xml:738 msgid "Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation." msgstr "Oracle 是 Oracle Corporation 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:734 +#: book.translate.xml:740 msgid "" "RealNetworks, RealPlayer, and RealAudio are the registered trademarks of " "RealNetworks, Inc." @@ -239,7 +240,7 @@ "RealNetworks, RealPlayer, 和 RealAudio 是 RealNetworks, Inc. 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:737 +#: book.translate.xml:743 msgid "" "Red Hat, RPM, are trademarks or registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in " "the United States and other countries." @@ -246,7 +247,7 @@ msgstr "Red Hat, RPM, 是 Red Hat, Inc. 在美國和其他國家的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:740 +#: book.translate.xml:746 msgid "" "Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, " "Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS and VirtualBox are trademarks or " @@ -258,37 +259,37 @@ "Microsystems, Inc. 在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:745 +#: book.translate.xml:751 msgid "MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc." msgstr "MATLAB 是 The MathWorks, Inc. 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:747 +#: book.translate.xml:753 msgid "SpeedTouch is a trademark of Thomson." msgstr "SpeedTouch 是 Thomson 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:749 +#: book.translate.xml:755 msgid "VMware is a trademark of VMware, Inc." msgstr "VMware 是 VMware, Inc. 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:751 +#: book.translate.xml:757 msgid "Mathematica is a registered trademark of Wolfram Research, Inc." msgstr "Mathematica 是 Wolfram Research, Inc 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:753 +#: book.translate.xml:759 msgid "XFree86 is a trademark of The XFree86 Project, Inc." msgstr "XFree86 是 The XFree86 Project, Inc 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:755 +#: book.translate.xml:761 msgid "Ogg Vorbis and Xiph.Org are trademarks of Xiph.Org." msgstr "Ogg Vorbis 以及 Xiph.Org 是 Xiph.Org 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:757 +#: book.translate.xml:763 msgid "" "Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish " "their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in " @@ -301,29 +302,29 @@ "quote> 或 ® 符號來標示。" #. (itstool) path: abstract/para -#: book.translate.xml:766 +#: book.translate.xml:772 msgid "" "Welcome to FreeBSD! This handbook covers the installation and day to day use " -"of FreeBSD 9.3-RELEASE and FreeBSD 10.3-" -"RELEASE. This book is the result of ongoing work by many " -"individuals. Some sections might be outdated. Those interested in helping to " -"update and expand this document should send email to the FreeBSD " -"documentation project mailing list." +"of FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, FreeBSD 10.3-" +"RELEASE, and FreeBSD 9.3-RELEASE. This book " +"is the result of ongoing work by many individuals. Some sections might be " +"outdated. Those interested in helping to update and expand this document " +"should send email to the FreeBSD documentation project mailing list." msgstr "" -"歡迎使用 FreeBSD！ 本使用手冊涵蓋範圍包括了 FreeBSD 9.3-RELEASE 與 FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE。 這份使用手冊是很多人" -"的集體創作，而且仍然『持續不斷』的進行中。 許多章節仍未完成，已完成的部份也有" -"些需要更新。 如果您有興趣協助本計畫的話，請寄電子郵件至 FreeBSD 文件專案郵" -"遞論壇。" +"歡迎使用 FreeBSD！ 本使用手冊涵蓋範圍包括了 FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE 以及 FreeBSD " +"9.3-RELEASE 的安裝與平日操作的說明。 這份使用手冊是很多人的集體創" +"作，而且仍然『持續不斷』的進行中，因此部份章節可能尚未仍未完成，如果您有興趣" +"協助本計畫的話，請寄電子郵件至 FreeBSD 文件專案郵遞論壇。" #. (itstool) path: abstract/para -#: book.translate.xml:774 +#: book.translate.xml:781 msgid "" "The latest version of this book is available from the FreeBSD web site. Previous versions can " -"be obtained from http://" +"\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/\">FreeBSD web site. Previous versions can " +"be obtained from https://" "docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/. The book can be downloaded in a variety of " "formats and compression options from the FreeBSD FTP server or one of the " @@ -334,28 +335,28 @@ "\">search page." msgstr "" "在 FreeBSD 網站 可以找到" -"這份文件的最新版本，舊版文件可從 http://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/ 取得，也可以從 FreeBSD FTP 伺服器 或是眾" -"多 鏡像網站 下載不同格式的資料。 如果比" -"較偏好實體書面資料，那可以在 FreeBSD 商城 購買。 此外，您可在 http://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/ 取得。本文件也提供各種格式與不同壓縮方" +"式的版本可自 FreeBSD FTP 伺服器 或是其中一個 鏡像" +"網站 下載。 列印出來的實體書面資料可在 FreeBSD 商城 購買。 此外，您可在 搜尋頁面 中搜尋本文件或其他文" "件的資料。" #. (itstool) path: preface/title -#: book.translate.xml:795 +#: book.translate.xml:802 msgid "Preface" msgstr "序" #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-audience -#: book.translate.xml:797 +#: book.translate.xml:804 msgid "Intended Audience" msgstr "給讀者的話" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:800 +#: book.translate.xml:807 msgid "" "The FreeBSD newcomer will find that the first section of this book guides " "the user through the FreeBSD installation process and gently introduces the " @@ -369,7 +370,7 @@ "一些常用、共通的東西。而閱讀這部分並不難，只需要您有探索的精神和接受新概念。" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:807 +#: book.translate.xml:814 msgid "" "Once you have traveled this far, the second, far larger, section of the " "Handbook is a comprehensive reference to all manner of topics of interest to " @@ -382,7 +383,7 @@ "不熟的話，可在閱讀前先預習一番。" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:814 +#: book.translate.xml:821 msgid "" "For a list of additional sources of information, please see ." @@ -390,12 +391,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-changes-from3 -#: book.translate.xml:817 +#: book.translate.xml:824 msgid "Changes from the Third Edition" msgstr "自第三版後的主要修訂" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:820 +#: book.translate.xml:827 msgid "" "The current online version of the Handbook represents the cumulative effort " "of many hundreds of contributors over the past 10 years. The following are " @@ -406,7 +407,7 @@ "2014 年發佈的兩冊第三版後所做的主要修訂：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:827 +#: book.translate.xml:834 msgid "" " has been added with information about the " "powerful DTrace performance analysis tool." @@ -414,7 +415,7 @@ " 增加說明有關強大的 DTrace 效能分析工具的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:832 +#: book.translate.xml:839 msgid "" " has been added with information about non-" "native file systems in FreeBSD, such as ZFS from Sun." @@ -423,7 +424,7 @@ "自 Sun 的 ZSF。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:838 +#: book.translate.xml:845 msgid "" " has been added to cover the new auditing " "capabilities in FreeBSD and explain its use." @@ -431,7 +432,7 @@ " 增加的內容涵蓋 FreeBSD 的新稽查功能及其使用說明。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:843 +#: book.translate.xml:850 msgid "" " has been added with information about " "installing FreeBSD on virtualization software." @@ -439,7 +440,7 @@ " 增加有關在虛擬化軟體安裝 FreeBSD 的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:849 +#: book.translate.xml:856 msgid "" " has been added to cover installation of " "FreeBSD using the new installation utility, bsdinstall has been expanded with new information " "about the ACPI power and resource management, the cron " @@ -476,7 +477,7 @@ "cron 以及其他更多的核心調校選項說明內容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:873 +#: book.translate.xml:880 msgid "" " has been expanded with new information about " "virtual private networks (VPNs), file system access control lists (ACLs), " @@ -486,7 +487,7 @@ "(ACL)，以及安全報告。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:879 +#: book.translate.xml:886 msgid "" " is a new chapter with this edition. It explains what " "MAC is and how this mechanism can be used to secure a FreeBSD system." @@ -495,7 +496,7 @@ "何運用它來使您的 FreeBSD 系統更安全。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:885 +#: book.translate.xml:892 msgid "" " has been expanded with new information about USB " "storage devices, file system snapshots, file system quotas, file and network " @@ -506,13 +507,13 @@ "詳解。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:892 +#: book.translate.xml:899 msgid "" "A troubleshooting section has been added to ." msgstr " 增加了疑難排解的章節。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:896 +#: book.translate.xml:903 msgid "" " has been expanded with new information about using " "alternative transport agents, SMTP authentication, UUCP, " @@ -524,7 +525,7 @@ "application> 的運用以及其它進階主題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:904 +#: book.translate.xml:911 msgid "" " is all new with this edition. This " "chapter includes information about setting up the Apache HTTP " @@ -542,7 +543,7 @@ "\"advanced-networking\"/> 。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:914 +#: book.translate.xml:921 msgid "" " has been expanded with new " "information about using BluetoothGetting " "Started, System Administration, and " @@ -612,7 +613,7 @@ "及 附錄。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:965 +#: book.translate.xml:972 msgid "" " has been expanded to contain additional " "information about processes, daemons, and signals." @@ -620,7 +621,7 @@ " 新增了程序、Daemon 以及信號 (Signal) 的介紹。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:971 +#: book.translate.xml:978 msgid "" " has been expanded to contain additional " "information about binary package management." @@ -627,7 +628,7 @@ msgstr " 新增了介紹如何管理 Binary 套件的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:977 +#: book.translate.xml:984 msgid "" " has been completely rewritten with an emphasis on " "using modern desktop technologies such as KDE and " @@ -638,12 +639,12 @@ "GNOME。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:984 +#: book.translate.xml:991 msgid " has been expanded." msgstr " 更新相關內容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:988 +#: book.translate.xml:995 msgid "" " has been written from what used to be two separate " "chapters on Disks and Backups. We feel that " @@ -655,7 +656,7 @@ "體、軟體 RAID) 的段落也新增上去了。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:997 +#: book.translate.xml:1004 msgid "" " has been completely reorganized and updated " "for FreeBSD 4.X/5.X." @@ -664,18 +665,18 @@ "容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1002 +#: book.translate.xml:1009 msgid " has been substantially updated." msgstr " 有相當程度的更新。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1007 +#: book.translate.xml:1014 msgid "" "Many new sections have been added to ." msgstr " 加入許多新內容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1011 +#: book.translate.xml:1018 msgid "" " has been expanded to include more information about " "configuring sendmail." @@ -684,7 +685,7 @@ "的介紹。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1017 +#: book.translate.xml:1024 msgid "" " has been expanded to include information about " "installing Oracle 的介紹。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1024 +#: book.translate.xml:1031 msgid "The following new topics are covered in this second edition:" msgstr "此外，第二版還新加章節，以介紹下列新主題：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1029 +#: book.translate.xml:1036 msgid "." msgstr "。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1033 +#: book.translate.xml:1040 msgid "." msgstr "。" #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-overview -#: book.translate.xml:1039 +#: book.translate.xml:1046 msgid "Organization of This Book" msgstr "本書架構" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1041 +#: book.translate.xml:1048 msgid "" "This book is split into five logically distinct sections. The first section, " "Getting Started, covers the installation and basic " @@ -743,7 +744,7 @@ "則包括網路和各式伺服器主題；而第五部分則為附錄包含各種有關 FreeBSD 的資源。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1066 +#: book.translate.xml:1073 msgid "" "Introduces FreeBSD to a new user. It describes the history of the FreeBSD " "Project, its goals and development model." @@ -750,7 +751,7 @@ msgstr "向新手介紹 FreeBSD。該篇說明了 FreeBSD 計劃的歷史、目標和開發模式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1076 +#: book.translate.xml:1083 msgid "" "Walks a user through the entire installation process of FreeBSD 9." "x and later using bsdinstallx 及之後版本的完整安裝流程。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1086 +#: book.translate.xml:1093 msgid "" "Covers the basic commands and functionality of the FreeBSD operating system. " "If you are familiar with Linux " @@ -771,7 +772,7 @@ "\">Linux 或其他類 UNIX® 系統，您則可跳過此章。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1097 +#: book.translate.xml:1104 msgid "" "Covers the installation of third-party software with both FreeBSD's " "innovative Ports Collection and standard binary packages." @@ -780,7 +781,7 @@ "第三方軟體。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1107 +#: book.translate.xml:1114 msgid "" "Describes the X Window System in general and using X11 on FreeBSD in " "particular. Also describes common desktop environments such as " @@ -790,7 +791,7 @@ "KDE 與 GNOME。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1120 +#: book.translate.xml:1127 msgid "" "Lists some common desktop applications, such as web browsers and " "productivity suites, and describes how to install them on FreeBSD." @@ -799,7 +800,7 @@ "程式到 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1129 +#: book.translate.xml:1136 msgid "" "Shows how to set up sound and video playback support for your system. Also " "describes some sample audio and video applications." @@ -808,7 +809,7 @@ "用程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1139 +#: book.translate.xml:1146 msgid "" "Explains why you might need to configure a new kernel and provides detailed " "instructions for configuring, building, and installing a custom kernel." @@ -815,7 +816,7 @@ msgstr "說明為何需要設定新的核心並會提供設定、編譯與安裝的詳細操作說明。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1149 +#: book.translate.xml:1156 msgid "" "Describes managing printers on FreeBSD, including information about banner " "pages, printer accounting, and initial setup." @@ -823,7 +824,7 @@ "介紹如何在 FreeBSD 管理印表機，包含橫幅頁面、列印帳務以及初始設定等資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1159 +#: book.translate.xml:1166 msgid "" "Describes the Linux " "compatibility features of FreeBSD. Also provides detailed installation " @@ -839,7 +840,7 @@ "\"registered\">Mathematica。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1173 +#: book.translate.xml:1180 msgid "" "Describes the parameters available for system administrators to tune a " "FreeBSD system for optimum performance. Also describes the various " @@ -849,7 +850,7 @@ "FreeBSD 用到的各種設定檔以及到何處尋找這些設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1184 +#: book.translate.xml:1191 msgid "" "Describes the FreeBSD boot process and explains how to control this process " "with configuration options." @@ -856,7 +857,7 @@ msgstr "介紹 FreeBSD 開機流程並說明如何使用設定選項控制開機流程。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1193 +#: book.translate.xml:1200 msgid "" "Describes many different tools available to help keep your FreeBSD system " "secure, including Kerberos, IPsec and OpenSSH." @@ -865,7 +866,7 @@ "OpenSSH。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1203 +#: book.translate.xml:1210 msgid "" "Describes the jails framework, and the improvements of jails over the " "traditional chroot support of FreeBSD." @@ -873,7 +874,7 @@ "介紹 Jail Framework，以及 Jail 改進那些 FreeBSD 傳統 chroot 不足的地方。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1212 +#: book.translate.xml:1219 msgid "" "Explains what Mandatory Access Control (MAC) is and how this mechanism can " "be used to secure a FreeBSD system." @@ -882,7 +883,7 @@ "保 FreeBSD 系統的安全。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1222 +#: book.translate.xml:1229 msgid "" "Describes what FreeBSD Event Auditing is, how it can be installed, " "configured, and how audit trails can be inspected or monitored." @@ -890,7 +891,7 @@ "介紹什麼事 FreeBSD 事件稽查，如何安裝與設定，以及如何檢查與監控稽查線索。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1232 +#: book.translate.xml:1239 msgid "" "Describes how to manage storage media and filesystems with FreeBSD. This " "includes physical disks, RAID arrays, optical and tape media, memory-backed " @@ -900,7 +901,7 @@ "與磁帶媒體、記憶體為基礎的磁碟以及網路檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1243 +#: book.translate.xml:1250 msgid "" "Describes what the GEOM framework in FreeBSD is and how to configure various " "supported RAID levels." @@ -908,7 +909,7 @@ "介紹在 FreeBSD 中的 GEOM Framework 是什麼，以及如何設定各種支援的 RAID 階層。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1252 +#: book.translate.xml:1259 msgid "" "Examines support of non-native file systems in FreeBSD, like the Z File " "System from Sun." @@ -917,7 +918,7 @@ "案系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1261 +#: book.translate.xml:1268 msgid "" "Describes what virtualization systems offer, and how they can be used with " "FreeBSD." @@ -924,7 +925,7 @@ msgstr "介紹虛擬化系統提供了那些功能，以及如何在 FreeBSD 上使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1270 +#: book.translate.xml:1277 msgid "" "Describes how to use FreeBSD in languages other than English. Covers both " "system and application level localization." @@ -931,7 +932,7 @@ msgstr "介紹如何在 FreeBSD 使用非英文的語言，這涵蓋了系統及應用層的在地化。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1280 +#: book.translate.xml:1287 msgid "" "Explains the differences between FreeBSD-STABLE, FreeBSD-CURRENT, and " "FreeBSD releases. Describes which users would benefit from tracking a " @@ -943,7 +944,7 @@ "佈版本的方法。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1293 +#: book.translate.xml:1300 msgid "" "Describes how to configure and use the DTrace tool from Sun in FreeBSD. Dynamic tracing can help locate performance issues, " @@ -953,7 +954,7 @@ "追蹤可以透過執行真實時間系統分析來協助定位效能問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1306 +#: book.translate.xml:1313 msgid "" "Explains how to connect terminals and modems to your FreeBSD system for both " "dial in and dial out connections." @@ -960,12 +961,12 @@ msgstr "介紹如何使用撥入及撥出連線到您的 FreeBSD 系統的終端機與數據機。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1316 +#: book.translate.xml:1323 msgid "Describes how to use PPP to connect to remote systems with FreeBSD." msgstr "介紹如何在 FreeBSD 使用 PPP 來連線遠端的系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1325 +#: book.translate.xml:1332 msgid "" "Explains the different components of an email server and dives into simple " "configuration topics for the most popular mail server software: " @@ -975,7 +976,7 @@ "sendmail。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1336 +#: book.translate.xml:1343 msgid "" "Provides detailed instructions and example configuration files to set up " "your FreeBSD machine as a network filesystem server, domain name server, " @@ -985,7 +986,7 @@ "網域名稱伺服器、網路資訊系統伺服器或時間同步伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1347 +#: book.translate.xml:1354 msgid "" "Explains the philosophy behind software-based firewalls and provides " "detailed information about the configuration of the different firewalls " @@ -995,7 +996,7 @@ "細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1357 +#: book.translate.xml:1364 msgid "" "Describes many networking topics, including sharing an Internet connection " "with other computers on your LAN, advanced routing topics, wireless " @@ -1007,7 +1008,7 @@ "ATM、IPv6 以及更多相關主題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1370 +#: book.translate.xml:1377 msgid "" "Lists different sources for obtaining FreeBSD media on CDROM or DVD as well " "as different sites on the Internet that allow you to download and install " @@ -1017,7 +1018,7 @@ "您可以下載並安裝 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1380 +#: book.translate.xml:1387 msgid "" "This book touches on many different subjects that may leave you hungry for a " "more detailed explanation. The bibliography lists many excellent books that " @@ -1027,7 +1028,7 @@ "多優秀書籍。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1391 +#: book.translate.xml:1398 msgid "" "Describes the many forums available for FreeBSD users to post questions and " "engage in technical conversations about FreeBSD." @@ -1035,18 +1036,18 @@ "介紹了可讓 FreeBSD 使用者提出問題以及參與有關 FreeBSD 技術會談的許多論壇。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1401 +#: book.translate.xml:1408 msgid "Lists the PGP fingerprints of several FreeBSD Developers." msgstr "列出了數個 FreeBSD 開發人員的 PGP 指紋。" #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-conv -#: book.translate.xml:1407 +#: book.translate.xml:1414 msgid "Conventions used in this book" msgstr "本書的編排體裁" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1410 +#: book.translate.xml:1417 msgid "" "To provide a consistent and easy to read text, several conventions are " "followed throughout the book." @@ -1054,17 +1055,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-conv-typographic -#: book.translate.xml:1413 +#: book.translate.xml:1420 msgid "Typographic Conventions" msgstr "文字編排體裁" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:1417 +#: book.translate.xml:1424 msgid "Italic" msgstr "斜體字" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1420 +#: book.translate.xml:1427 msgid "" "An italic font is used for filenames, URLs, emphasized " "text, and the first usage of technical terms." @@ -1073,12 +1074,12 @@ "次提及的技術詞彙。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:1427 +#: book.translate.xml:1434 msgid "Monospace" msgstr "等寬字" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1430 +#: book.translate.xml:1437 msgid "" "A monospaced font is used for error messages, commands, " "environment variables, names of ports, hostnames, user names, group names, " @@ -1088,12 +1089,12 @@ "稱、帳號、群組、裝置名稱、變數、程式碼等。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:1438 +#: book.translate.xml:1445 msgid "Bold" msgstr "粗體字" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1441 +#: book.translate.xml:1448 msgid "" "A bold font is used for applications, commands, and keys." msgstr "以粗體字表示：應用程式、指令、按鍵。" @@ -1100,12 +1101,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-conv-commands -#: book.translate.xml:1448 +#: book.translate.xml:1455 msgid "User Input" msgstr "使用者輸入" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1451 +#: book.translate.xml:1458 msgid "" "Keys are shown in bold to stand out from other text. Key " "combinations that are meant to be typed simultaneously are shown with " @@ -1115,7 +1116,7 @@ "按下一些按鍵，我們以 `+' 來表示連接，像是：" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1456 +#: book.translate.xml:1463 msgid "" " Ctrl Alt " "Del" @@ -1122,7 +1123,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1462 +#: book.translate.xml:1469 msgid "" "Meaning the user should type the Ctrl, Alt, and Del keys at the same time." @@ -1131,7 +1132,7 @@ "keycap> 鍵。" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1466 +#: book.translate.xml:1473 msgid "" "Keys that are meant to be typed in sequence will be separated with commas, " "for example:" @@ -1138,7 +1139,7 @@ msgstr "若要逐一按鍵，那麼會以逗號 (,) 來表示，像是：" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1469 +#: book.translate.xml:1476 msgid "" " Ctrl X , Ctrl SCtrl and " "X keys simultaneously and then to type the CtrlC:\\> indicate a MS-DOS command. Unless otherwise noted, " @@ -1177,13 +1178,13 @@ "Prompt) 視窗內執行。" #. (itstool) path: preface/screen -#: book.translate.xml:1492 +#: book.translate.xml:1499 #, no-wrap msgid "E:\\> tools\\fdimage floppies\\kern.flp A:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1494 +#: book.translate.xml:1501 msgid "" "Examples starting with # indicate a command that must be " "invoked as the superuser in FreeBSD. You can login as 1 來取得超級使用者權限。" #. (itstool) path: preface/screen -#: book.translate.xml:1500 +#: book.translate.xml:1507 #, no-wrap msgid "# dd if=kern.flp of=/dev/fd0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1502 +#: book.translate.xml:1509 msgid "" "Examples starting with % indicate a command that should be " "invoked from a normal user account. Unless otherwise noted, C-shell syntax " @@ -1214,7 +1215,7 @@ "其他指令的意思。" #. (itstool) path: preface/screen -#: book.translate.xml:1507 +#: book.translate.xml:1514 #, no-wrap msgid "% top" msgstr "" @@ -1221,12 +1222,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-acknowledgements -#: book.translate.xml:1509 +#: book.translate.xml:1516 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "銘謝" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1511 +#: book.translate.xml:1518 msgid "" "The book you are holding represents the efforts of many hundreds of people " "around the world. Whether they sent in fixes for typos, or submitted " @@ -1236,7 +1237,7 @@ "糾正一些錯誤或提交完整的章節，所有的點滴貢獻都是非常寶貴有用的。" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1516 +#: book.translate.xml:1523 msgid "" "Several companies have supported the development of this document by paying " "authors to work on it full-time, paying for publication, etc. In particular, " @@ -1262,12 +1263,12 @@ "手冊以使第三版印刷版本能夠出版的志工。" #. (itstool) path: part/title -#: book.translate.xml:1535 +#: book.translate.xml:1542 msgid "Getting Started" msgstr "入門" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:1538 +#: book.translate.xml:1545 msgid "" "This part of the handbook is for users and administrators who are new to " "FreeBSD. These chapters:" @@ -1274,17 +1275,17 @@ msgstr "這部份是提供給初次使用 FreeBSD 的使用者和系統管理者。 這些章節包括：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1543 +#: book.translate.xml:1550 msgid "Introduce FreeBSD." msgstr "介紹 FreeBSD 給您。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1547 +#: book.translate.xml:1554 msgid "Guide readers through the installation process." msgstr "在安裝過程給您指引。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1551 +#: book.translate.xml:1558 msgid "" "Teach UNIX basics and " "fundamentals." @@ -1291,7 +1292,7 @@ msgstr "教您 UNIX 的基礎及原理。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1555 +#: book.translate.xml:1562 msgid "" "Show how to install the wealth of third party applications available for " "FreeBSD." @@ -1298,7 +1299,7 @@ msgstr "展示給您看如何安裝豐富的 FreeBSD 的應用軟體。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1560 +#: book.translate.xml:1567 msgid "" "Introduce X, the UNIX windowing " "system, and detail how to configure a desktop environment that makes users " @@ -1308,7 +1309,7 @@ "細的桌面環境設定，讓您更有生產力。" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:1566 +#: book.translate.xml:1573 msgid "" "The number of forward references in the text have been kept to a minimum so " "that this section can be read from front to back with minimal page flipping." @@ -1319,12 +1320,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: info/title #. (itstool) path: sect1/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:1580 book.translate.xml:23692 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:1587 book.translate.xml:23709 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Introduction" msgstr "簡介" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:1583 book.translate.xml:2848 +#: book.translate.xml:1590 book.translate.xml:2855 msgid "" " Jim Mock Restructured, reorganized, and parts rewritten by FreeBSD comes from." msgstr "當然囉，還有 FreeBSD 這名字的由來。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:1630 +#: book.translate.xml:1637 msgid "Welcome to FreeBSD!" msgstr "歡迎使用 FreeBSD！" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1632 book.translate.xml:1801 +#: book.translate.xml:1639 book.translate.xml:1808 msgid "4.4BSD-Lite" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:1634 +#: book.translate.xml:1641 msgid "" "FreeBSD is a 4.4BSD-Lite based operating system for Intel (x86 and " "Itanium), AMD64, Sun 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:1644 +#: book.translate.xml:1651 msgid "What Can FreeBSD Do?" msgstr "FreeBSD 能做什麼？" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1646 +#: book.translate.xml:1653 msgid "FreeBSD has many noteworthy features. Some of these are:" msgstr "FreeBSD 提供給你許多先進功能。這些功能包括：" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1652 +#: book.translate.xml:1659 msgid "preemptive multitasking" msgstr "先佔式多工" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1651 +#: book.translate.xml:1658 msgid "" "Preemptive multitasking <_:indexterm-1/> with dynamic " "priority adjustment to ensure smooth and fair sharing of the computer " @@ -1452,12 +1453,12 @@ "即使在系統負擔很重的情況下，程式執行平順並且應用程式與使用者公平地共享資源。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1661 +#: book.translate.xml:1668 msgid "multi-user facilities" msgstr "多人共用" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1661 +#: book.translate.xml:1668 msgid "" "Multi-user facilities<_:indexterm-1/> which allow many " "people to use a FreeBSD system simultaneously for a variety of things. This " @@ -1472,12 +1473,12 @@ "保護系統不致被過度使用。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1674 +#: book.translate.xml:1681 msgid "TCP/IP networking" msgstr "TCP/IP 網路" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1673 +#: book.translate.xml:1680 msgid "" "Strong TCP/IP networking<_:indexterm-1/> with support " "for industry standards such as SCTP, DHCP, NFS, NIS, PPP, SLIP, IPsec, and " @@ -1494,12 +1495,12 @@ "供 WWW、FTP、路由及防火牆 (安全性) 等必備服務。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1687 +#: book.translate.xml:1694 msgid "memory protection" msgstr "記憶體保護" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1687 +#: book.translate.xml:1694 msgid "" "Memory protection<_:indexterm-1/> ensures that " "applications (or users) cannot interfere with each other. One application " @@ -1509,12 +1510,12 @@ "程式有不正常的運作，都不會影響其他程式的執行。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1696 book.translate.xml:1939 +#: book.translate.xml:1703 book.translate.xml:1946 msgid "X Window System" msgstr "X Window 系統" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1695 +#: book.translate.xml:1702 msgid "" "The industry standard X Window System<_:indexterm-1/> " "(X11R7) can provide a graphical user interface (GUI) on any machine and " @@ -1526,32 +1527,32 @@ #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1705 book.translate.xml:17943 +#: book.translate.xml:1712 book.translate.xml:17960 msgid "binary compatibility Linux" msgstr "Binary 相容性 Linux" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1709 +#: book.translate.xml:1716 msgid "binary compatibility SCO" msgstr "Binary 相容性 SCO" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1713 +#: book.translate.xml:1720 msgid "binary compatibility SVR4" msgstr "Binary 相容性 SVR4" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1717 +#: book.translate.xml:1724 msgid "binary compatibility BSD/OS" msgstr "Binary 相容性 BSD/OS" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1721 +#: book.translate.xml:1728 msgid "binary compatibility NetBSD" msgstr "Binary 相容性 NetBSD" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1704 +#: book.translate.xml:1711 msgid "" "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> <_:indexterm-3/> <_:indexterm-4/> <_:" "indexterm-5/> Binary compatibility with many programs " @@ -1562,7 +1563,7 @@ "(如： Linux、SCO、SVR4、BSDI 和 NetBSD) 的可執行檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1731 +#: book.translate.xml:1738 msgid "" "Thousands of ready-to-run applications are available " "from the FreeBSD ports and packageseasy-to-port applications " "are available on the Internet. FreeBSD is source code compatible with most " @@ -1586,12 +1587,12 @@ "行。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1748 +#: book.translate.xml:1755 msgid "virtual memory" msgstr "虛擬記憶體" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1747 +#: book.translate.xml:1754 msgid "" "Demand paged virtual memory<_:indexterm-1/> and " "merged VM/buffer cache design efficiently satisfies " @@ -1603,12 +1604,12 @@ "維持與其他使用者的互動。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1757 +#: book.translate.xml:1764 msgid "Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP)" msgstr "對稱多工處理 (SMP)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1757 +#: book.translate.xml:1764 msgid "" "SMP<_:indexterm-1/> support for machines with multiple " "CPUs." @@ -1617,17 +1618,17 @@ "多 CPU 的電腦系統。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1766 +#: book.translate.xml:1773 msgid "compilers C" msgstr "編譯器 C" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1770 +#: book.translate.xml:1777 msgid "compilers C++" msgstr "編譯器 C++" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1765 +#: book.translate.xml:1772 msgid "" "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> A full complement of C and C++ development tools. Many additional " @@ -1639,12 +1640,12 @@ "進階研發的程式語言也收集在 Port 和套件集。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1783 +#: book.translate.xml:1790 msgid "source code" msgstr "原始碼" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1783 +#: book.translate.xml:1790 msgid "" "Source code<_:indexterm-1/> for the entire system means " "you have the greatest degree of control over your environment. Why be locked " @@ -1656,22 +1657,22 @@ "廠商擺佈呢？" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1792 +#: book.translate.xml:1799 msgid "Extensive online documentation." msgstr "廣泛且豐富的 線上文件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1797 +#: book.translate.xml:1804 msgid "And many more!" msgstr "當然囉，還不止如此！" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1804 +#: book.translate.xml:1811 msgid "Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG)" msgstr "電腦系統研究組 (CSRG)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1801 +#: book.translate.xml:1808 msgid "" "FreeBSD is based on the 4.4BSD-Lite<_:indexterm-1/> release from Computer " "Systems Research Group (CSRG)<_:indexterm-2/> at the University of " @@ -1690,7 +1691,7 @@ "時，FreeBSD 已經具備這樣的特質，並具有其他地方沒有的尖端功能。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1815 +#: book.translate.xml:1822 msgid "" "The applications to which FreeBSD can be put are truly limited only by your " "own imagination. From software development to factory automation, inventory " @@ -1710,7 +1711,7 @@ "軟體，而且出現的數目是與日俱增。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1827 +#: book.translate.xml:1834 msgid "" "Because the source code for FreeBSD itself is generally available, the " "system can also be customized to an almost unheard of degree for special " @@ -1723,7 +1724,7 @@ "地被修改。 以下提供一些人們使用 FreeBSD 的例子：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1837 +#: book.translate.xml:1844 msgid "" "Internet Services: The robust TCP/IP networking built " "into FreeBSD makes it an ideal platform for a variety of Internet services " @@ -1733,34 +1734,34 @@ "務 (如下例) 的理想平台：" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1844 +#: book.translate.xml:1851 msgid "web servers" msgstr "網頁伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1844 +#: book.translate.xml:1851 msgid "World Wide Web servers<_:indexterm-1/> (standard or secure [SSL])" msgstr "全球資訊網伺服器<_:indexterm-1/> (標準的或更安全的 [SSL])" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1851 +#: book.translate.xml:1858 msgid "IPv4 and IPv6 routing" msgstr "IPv4 及 IPv6 路由" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: chapter/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1855 book.translate.xml:57984 +#: book.translate.xml:1862 book.translate.xml:57983 msgid "firewall" msgstr "防火牆" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1858 book.translate.xml:61150 +#: book.translate.xml:1865 book.translate.xml:61149 msgid "NAT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1855 +#: book.translate.xml:1862 msgid "" "Firewalls<_:indexterm-1/> and NAT<_:indexterm-2/> (IP masquerading) gateways" @@ -1769,38 +1770,38 @@ "閘。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1865 +#: book.translate.xml:1872 msgid "FTP servers" msgstr "FTP 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1865 +#: book.translate.xml:1872 msgid "FTP servers<_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "檔案傳輸協定伺服器<_:indexterm-1/>" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1872 +#: book.translate.xml:1879 msgid "electronic mail email" msgstr "電子郵件 email" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1876 book.translate.xml:50356 +#: book.translate.xml:1883 book.translate.xml:50352 msgid "email" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1871 +#: book.translate.xml:1878 msgid "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> Electronic Mail servers" msgstr "<_:indexterm-1/><_:indexterm-2/> 電子郵件伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1883 +#: book.translate.xml:1890 msgid "And more..." msgstr "還有更多..." #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1889 +#: book.translate.xml:1896 msgid "" "Education: Are you a student of computer science or a " "related engineering field? There is no better way of learning about " @@ -1816,7 +1817,7 @@ "等可以免費地取得使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1901 +#: book.translate.xml:1908 msgid "" "Research: With source code for the entire system " "available, FreeBSD is an excellent platform for research in operating " @@ -1831,17 +1832,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1913 book.translate.xml:62033 +#: book.translate.xml:1920 book.translate.xml:62032 msgid "router" msgstr "路由器" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1915 +#: book.translate.xml:1922 msgid "DNS Server" msgstr "DNS 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1912 +#: book.translate.xml:1919 msgid "" "Networking: Need a new router?<_:indexterm-1/> A name " "server (DNS)?<_:indexterm-2/> A firewall to keep people out of your internal " @@ -1853,12 +1854,12 @@ "或 486 PC 變身成為絕佳的伺服器，甚至具有過濾封包的功能。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1926 +#: book.translate.xml:1933 msgid "embedded" msgstr "嵌入式" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1924 +#: book.translate.xml:1931 msgid "" "Embedded: FreeBSD makes an excellent platform to build " "embedded systems upon. <_:indexterm-1/> With support for the GNOME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1945 book.translate.xml:12015 +#: book.translate.xml:1952 book.translate.xml:12031 msgid "KDE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1938 +#: book.translate.xml:1945 msgid "" "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> <_:indexterm-3/> Desktop: FreeBSD makes a fine choice for an inexpensive desktop solution " @@ -1909,12 +1910,12 @@ "於管理。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1964 +#: book.translate.xml:1971 msgid "Compiler" msgstr "編譯器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1961 +#: book.translate.xml:1968 msgid "" "Software Development: The basic FreeBSD system comes " "with a full complement of development tools including a full C/C++<_:" @@ -1926,7 +1927,7 @@ "援需多其他語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1973 +#: book.translate.xml:1980 msgid "" "FreeBSD is available to download free of charge, or can be obtained on " "either CD-ROM or DVD. Please see for more " @@ -1936,12 +1937,12 @@ "linkend=\"mirrors\"/> 取得 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:1980 +#: book.translate.xml:1987 msgid "Who Uses FreeBSD?" msgstr "誰在用 FreeBSD？" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1982 +#: book.translate.xml:1989 msgid "" "users large sites running FreeBSD" msgstr "" @@ -1948,7 +1949,7 @@ "使用者 執行 FreeBSD 的大型站台" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1987 +#: book.translate.xml:1994 msgid "" "FreeBSD's advanced features, proven security, predictable release cycle, and " "permissive license have led to its use as a platform for building many " @@ -1961,12 +1962,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1997 book.translate.xml:56657 +#: book.translate.xml:2004 book.translate.xml:56653 msgid "Apache" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1996 +#: book.translate.xml:2003 msgid "" "Apache <_:indexterm-1/> - " "The Apache Software Foundation runs most of its public facing " @@ -1978,12 +1979,12 @@ "庫 (擁有超過 140 萬次提交) 都是在 FreeBSD 上運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2007 +#: book.translate.xml:2014 msgid "Apple" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2006 +#: book.translate.xml:2013 msgid "" "Apple <_:indexterm-1/> - " "OS X borrows heavily from FreeBSD for the network stack, virtual file " @@ -1995,12 +1996,12 @@ "Apple iOS 中含有從 FreeBSD 借鑒來的元素。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2017 +#: book.translate.xml:2024 msgid "Cisco" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2016 +#: book.translate.xml:2023 msgid "" "Cisco <_:indexterm-1/> - " "IronPort network security and anti-spam appliances run a modified FreeBSD " @@ -2010,12 +2011,12 @@ "IronPort 網路安全及反垃圾郵件設備是採用改良後 FreeBSD 核心來運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2025 +#: book.translate.xml:2032 msgid "Citrix" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2024 +#: book.translate.xml:2031 msgid "" "Citrix <_:indexterm-1/> - " "The NetScaler line of security appliances provide layer 4-7 load balancing, " @@ -2027,12 +2028,12 @@ "牆、安全的 VPN 以及行動雲端網路存取，皆運用了 FreeBSD Shell 強大的功能。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2036 +#: book.translate.xml:2043 msgid "Dell KACE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2034 +#: book.translate.xml:2041 msgid "" "Dell KACE <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The KACE system management appliances run FreeBSD because of " @@ -2044,12 +2045,12 @@ "擴展性以及支持其持續發展的社群。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2046 +#: book.translate.xml:2053 msgid "Experts Exchange" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2044 +#: book.translate.xml:2051 msgid "" "Experts Exchange <_:indexterm-1/> - All public facing web servers are powered by " @@ -2061,12 +2062,12 @@ "量使用 Jail 來隔離開發與測試環境，減少了虛擬化的額外開銷。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2056 +#: book.translate.xml:2063 msgid "Isilon" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2055 +#: book.translate.xml:2062 msgid "" "Isilon <_:indexterm-1/> - " "Isilon's enterprise storage appliances are based on FreeBSD. The extremely " @@ -2079,12 +2080,12 @@ "整合了它們的智慧財產到整個核心，並專注打造自己的產品，而不是一個作業系統。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2068 +#: book.translate.xml:2075 msgid "iXsystems" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2067 +#: book.translate.xml:2074 msgid "" "iXsystems <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The TrueNAS line of unified storage appliances is based on " @@ -2097,12 +2098,12 @@ "開源計劃的開發。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2078 +#: book.translate.xml:2085 msgid "Juniper" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2077 +#: book.translate.xml:2084 msgid "" "Juniper <_:indexterm-1/> " "- The JunOS operating system that powers all Juniper networking gear " @@ -2120,12 +2121,12 @@ "功能從 FreeBSD 整合回 JunOS 的複雜性。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2093 +#: book.translate.xml:2100 msgid "McAfee" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2092 +#: book.translate.xml:2099 msgid "" "McAfee <_:indexterm-1/> - " "SecurOS, the basis of McAfee enterprise firewall products including " @@ -2136,12 +2137,12 @@ "FreeBSD 為基礎。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2102 +#: book.translate.xml:2109 msgid "NetApp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2101 +#: book.translate.xml:2108 msgid "" "NetApp <_:indexterm-1/> - " "The Data ONTAP GX line of storage appliances are based on FreeBSD. In " @@ -2153,12 +2154,12 @@ "了回 FreeBSD 許多功能，包括新 BSD 條款授權的 hypervisor, bhyve。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2112 book.translate.xml:2386 +#: book.translate.xml:2119 book.translate.xml:2393 msgid "Netflix" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2111 +#: book.translate.xml:2118 msgid "" "Netflix <_:indexterm-1/> " "- The OpenConnect appliance that Netflix uses to stream movies to its " @@ -2173,12 +2174,12 @@ "Netflix 的 OpenConnect 設備負責了北美所有的網路流量 32％ 以上。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2125 +#: book.translate.xml:2132 msgid "Sandvine" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2124 +#: book.translate.xml:2131 msgid "" "Sandvine <_:indexterm-1/" "> - Sandvine uses FreeBSD as the basis of their high performance realtime " @@ -2190,12 +2191,12 @@ "網路策略控制產品。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2135 +#: book.translate.xml:2142 msgid "Sony" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2134 +#: book.translate.xml:2141 msgid "" "Sony <_:indexterm-1/> - The " "PlayStation 4 gaming console runs a modified version of FreeBSD." @@ -2204,12 +2205,12 @@ "PlayStation 4 遊戲主機使用了修改過的 FreeBSD 版本來運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2143 +#: book.translate.xml:2150 msgid "Sophos" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2142 +#: book.translate.xml:2149 msgid "" "Sophos <_:indexterm-1/> - " "The Sophos Email Appliance product is based on a hardened FreeBSD and scans " @@ -2221,12 +2222,12 @@ "郵件中的垃圾郵件和病毒，同時也可監控出站郵件中的惡意軟體及敏感資訊。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2155 +#: book.translate.xml:2162 msgid "Spectra Logic" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2153 +#: book.translate.xml:2160 msgid "" "Spectra Logic <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The nTier line of archive grade storage appliances run " @@ -2236,14 +2237,12 @@ "indexterm-1/> - 儲藏級儲存設備的 nTier 產品線以 FreeBSD 和 OpenZFS 來運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2163 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:2170 msgid "Stormshield" -msgstr "編譯器" +msgstr "Stormshield" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2162 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:2169 msgid "" "Stormshield <_:" "indexterm-1/> - Stormshield Network Security appliances are based on a " @@ -2251,17 +2250,18 @@ "intellectual property with the system while returning a great deal of " "interesting development to the community." msgstr "" -"Isilon <_:indexterm-1/> - " -"Isilon 的企業存儲設備以 FreeBSD 為基礎。非常自由的 FreeBSD 授權條款讓 Isilon " -"整合了它們的智慧財產到整個核心，並專注打造自己的產品，而不是一個作業系統。" +"Stormshield <_:" +"indexterm-1/> - Stormshield 網路安全設備使用了硬體化版本的 FreeBSD 做為基礎，" +"BSD 授權條款讓我們我們的智慧財產與系統可以整合，並同時回饋大量有趣的發展給社" +"群。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2176 +#: book.translate.xml:2183 msgid "The Weather Channel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2174 +#: book.translate.xml:2181 msgid "" "The Weather Channel <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The IntelliStar appliance that is installed at each local " @@ -2273,12 +2273,12 @@ "視網路節目的 IntelliStar 設備便是使用 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2187 +#: book.translate.xml:2194 msgid "Verisign" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2186 +#: book.translate.xml:2193 msgid "" "Verisign <_:indexterm-1/" "> - Verisign is responsible for operating the .com and .net root domain " @@ -2292,12 +2292,12 @@ "點故障的問題。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2200 +#: book.translate.xml:2207 msgid "Voxer" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2199 +#: book.translate.xml:2206 msgid "" "Voxer <_:indexterm-1/> - " "Voxer powers their mobile voice messaging platform with ZFS on FreeBSD. " @@ -2313,12 +2313,12 @@ "的 ZFS 也支援了 TRIM。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2214 +#: book.translate.xml:2221 msgid "WhatsApp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2213 +#: book.translate.xml:2220 msgid "" "WhatsApp <_:indexterm-1/" "> - When WhatsApp needed a platform that would be able to handle more than 1 " @@ -2330,12 +2330,12 @@ "台時，它們選擇了 FreeBSD。它們接著擴大規模到每台伺服器處理超過 250 萬的連線。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2226 +#: book.translate.xml:2233 msgid "Wheel Systems" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2224 +#: book.translate.xml:2231 msgid "" "Wheel Systems <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The FUDO security appliance allows enterprises to monitor, " @@ -2349,17 +2349,17 @@ "GELI, Capsicum, HAST 及 auditdistd。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2238 +#: book.translate.xml:2245 msgid "FreeBSD has also spawned a number of related open source projects:" msgstr "FreeBSD 也催生了數個相關的開源計劃：" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2245 +#: book.translate.xml:2252 msgid "BSD Router" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2243 +#: book.translate.xml:2250 msgid "" "BSD Router <_:indexterm-1/> - " "A FreeBSD based replacement for large enterprise routers designed to run on " @@ -2369,12 +2369,12 @@ "以 FreeBSD 為基礎的大型企業路由器替代方案，專門設計為可在標準 PC 硬體上運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2254 +#: book.translate.xml:2261 msgid "FreeNAS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2253 +#: book.translate.xml:2260 msgid "" "FreeNAS <_:indexterm-1/> " "- A customized FreeBSD designed to be used as a network file server " @@ -2389,12 +2389,12 @@ "iSCSI，還有以 FreeBSD Jail 為基礎的套件系統。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2266 +#: book.translate.xml:2273 msgid "GhostBSD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2265 +#: book.translate.xml:2272 msgid "" "GhostBSD <_:indexterm-1/" "> - A desktop oriented distribution of FreeBSD bundled with the Gnome " @@ -2404,12 +2404,12 @@ "> - 採用 Gnome 桌面環境的 FreeBSD 發行版。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2274 +#: book.translate.xml:2281 msgid "mfsBSD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2273 +#: book.translate.xml:2280 msgid "" "mfsBSD <_:indexterm-1/> - A " "toolkit for building a FreeBSD system image that runs entirely from memory." @@ -2418,12 +2418,12 @@ "來建置可完全從記憶體執行 FreeBSD 系統映像檔工具。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2282 +#: book.translate.xml:2289 msgid "NAS4Free" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2281 +#: book.translate.xml:2288 msgid "" "NAS4Free <_:indexterm-1/" "> - A file server distribution based on FreeBSD with a PHP powered web " @@ -2433,12 +2433,12 @@ "> - 以 FreeBSD 及 PHP 驅動網頁介面為基礎的檔案伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2290 +#: book.translate.xml:2297 msgid "OPNsense" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2289 +#: book.translate.xml:2296 msgid "" "OPNSense <_:indexterm-1/" "> - OPNsense is an open source, easy-to-use and easy-to-build FreeBSD based " @@ -2453,12 +2453,12 @@ "功能集，同時擁有開放和安全的來源。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2302 +#: book.translate.xml:2309 msgid "PC-BSD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2301 +#: book.translate.xml:2308 msgid "" "PC-BSD <_:indexterm-1/> - " "A customized version of FreeBSD geared towards desktop users with graphical " @@ -2470,12 +2470,12 @@ "能給所有使用者，專門設計來緩解使用者在 Windows 與 OS X 間的過渡。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2312 +#: book.translate.xml:2319 msgid "pfSense" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2311 +#: book.translate.xml:2318 msgid "" "pfSense <_:indexterm-1/> " "- A firewall distribution based on FreeBSD with a huge array of features and " @@ -2485,12 +2485,12 @@ "- 以 FreeBSD 為基礎的防火牆發行版，支援巨型陣列及大規模 IPv6。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2321 +#: book.translate.xml:2328 msgid "ZRouter" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2320 +#: book.translate.xml:2327 msgid "" "ZRouter <_:indexterm-1/> - " "An open source alternative firmware for embedded devices based on FreeBSD. " @@ -2501,7 +2501,7 @@ "用韌體。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2329 +#: book.translate.xml:2336 msgid "" "FreeBSD is also used to power some of the biggest sites on the Internet, " "including:" @@ -2508,55 +2508,55 @@ msgstr "FreeBSD 也同時被用來驅動一些網際網路上的大型網站，包括：" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2335 +#: book.translate.xml:2342 msgid "Yahoo!" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2334 +#: book.translate.xml:2341 msgid "" "Yahoo! <_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2342 +#: book.translate.xml:2349 msgid "Yandex" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2341 +#: book.translate.xml:2348 msgid "" "Yandex <_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2349 +#: book.translate.xml:2356 msgid "Rambler" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2348 +#: book.translate.xml:2355 msgid "" "Rambler <_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2356 +#: book.translate.xml:2363 msgid "Sina" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2355 +#: book.translate.xml:2362 msgid "Sina <_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2364 +#: book.translate.xml:2371 msgid "Pair Networks" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2362 +#: book.translate.xml:2369 msgid "" "Pair Networks <_:" "indexterm-1/>" @@ -2563,12 +2563,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2372 +#: book.translate.xml:2379 msgid "Sony Japan" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2370 +#: book.translate.xml:2377 msgid "" "Sony Japan <_:indexterm-1/" ">" @@ -2575,12 +2575,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2379 +#: book.translate.xml:2386 msgid "Netcraft" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2378 +#: book.translate.xml:2385 msgid "" "Netcraft <_:indexterm-1/" ">" @@ -2587,7 +2587,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2385 +#: book.translate.xml:2392 msgid "" "Netflix " "<_:indexterm-1/>" @@ -2594,23 +2594,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2393 +#: book.translate.xml:2400 msgid "NetEase" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2392 +#: book.translate.xml:2399 msgid "" "NetEase <_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2400 +#: book.translate.xml:2407 msgid "Weathernews" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2399 +#: book.translate.xml:2406 msgid "" "Weathernews <_:" "indexterm-1/>" @@ -2617,12 +2617,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2408 +#: book.translate.xml:2415 msgid "TELEHOUSE America" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2406 +#: book.translate.xml:2413 msgid "" "TELEHOUSE America <_:" "indexterm-1/>" @@ -2629,7 +2629,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2415 +#: book.translate.xml:2422 msgid "" "and many more. Wikipedia also maintains a list of products " @@ -2639,12 +2639,12 @@ "org/wiki/List_of_products_based_on_FreeBSD\">以 FreeBSD 為基礎的產品。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:2421 +#: book.translate.xml:2428 msgid "About the FreeBSD Project" msgstr "關於 FreeBSD 計劃" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2423 +#: book.translate.xml:2430 msgid "" "The following section provides some background information on the project, " "including a brief history, project goals, and the development model of the " @@ -2652,37 +2652,37 @@ msgstr "接下來講的是 FreeBSD 計劃的背景，包含歷史、計劃目標以及開發模式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:2428 +#: book.translate.xml:2435 msgid "A Brief History of FreeBSD" msgstr "FreeBSD 歷史簡介" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2430 +#: book.translate.xml:2437 msgid "386BSD Patchkit" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2431 +#: book.translate.xml:2438 msgid "Hubbard, Jordan" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2432 +#: book.translate.xml:2439 msgid "Williams, Nate" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2433 +#: book.translate.xml:2440 msgid "Grimes, Rod" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2434 +#: book.translate.xml:2441 msgid "FreeBSD Project history" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2439 +#: book.translate.xml:2446 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Project had its genesis in the early part of 1993, partially as " "an outgrowth of the Unofficial 386BSDPatchkit by the patchkit's last 3 " @@ -2692,12 +2692,12 @@ "劃的最後三個協調人 Nate Williams，Rod Grimes 和 Jordan Hubbard。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2444 book.translate.xml:2484 +#: book.translate.xml:2451 book.translate.xml:2491 msgid "386BSD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2445 +#: book.translate.xml:2452 msgid "" "The original goal was to produce an intermediate snapshot of 386BSD in order " "to fix a number of problems with it that the patchkit mechanism just was not " @@ -2709,12 +2709,12 @@ "386BSD Interim 便是這個原因。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2451 +#: book.translate.xml:2458 msgid "Jolitz, Bill" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2452 +#: book.translate.xml:2459 msgid "" "386BSD was Bill Jolitz's operating system, which had been up to that point " "suffering rather severely from almost a year's worth of neglect. As the " @@ -2730,17 +2730,17 @@ "出未來的打算，所以該計劃便突然面臨中止。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2462 +#: book.translate.xml:2469 msgid "Greenman, David" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2463 +#: book.translate.xml:2470 msgid "Walnut Creek CDROM" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2465 +#: book.translate.xml:2472 msgid "" "The trio thought that the goal remained worthwhile, even without Bill's " "support, and so they adopted the name \"FreeBSD\" coined by David Greenman. " @@ -2765,27 +2765,27 @@ "模。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2481 +#: book.translate.xml:2488 msgid "4.3BSD-Lite" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2482 book.translate.xml:2497 +#: book.translate.xml:2489 book.translate.xml:2504 msgid "Net/2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2483 book.translate.xml:2496 +#: book.translate.xml:2490 book.translate.xml:2503 msgid "U.C. Berkeley" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2485 book.translate.xml:8862 +#: book.translate.xml:2492 book.translate.xml:8878 msgid "Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2487 +#: book.translate.xml:2494 msgid "" "The first CD-ROM (and general net-wide) distribution was FreeBSD 1.0, " "released in December of 1993. This was based on the 4.3BSD-Lite " @@ -2800,17 +2800,17 @@ "還算成功，我們又接著於 1994 年 5 月發行了相當成功的 FreeBSD 1.1。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2495 +#: book.translate.xml:2502 msgid "Novell" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2498 +#: book.translate.xml:2505 msgid "AT&T" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2499 +#: book.translate.xml:2506 msgid "" "Around this time, some rather unexpected storm clouds formed on the horizon " "as Novell and U.C. Berkeley settled their long-running lawsuit over the " @@ -2835,7 +2835,7 @@ "最後一次發行，也就是 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2516 +#: book.translate.xml:2523 msgid "" "FreeBSD then set about the arduous task of literally re-inventing itself " "from a completely new and rather incomplete set of 4.4BSD-Lite bits. The " @@ -2857,7 +2857,7 @@ "之於 1995 年 6 月又發行了更容易安裝，更好的 FreeBSD 2.0.5。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2530 +#: book.translate.xml:2537 msgid "" "Since that time, FreeBSD has made a series of releases each time improving " "the stability, speed, and feature set of the previous version." @@ -2866,7 +2866,7 @@ "的發佈版本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2534 +#: book.translate.xml:2541 msgid "" "For now, long-term development projects continue to take place in the 10.X-" "CURRENT (trunk) branch, and snapshot releases of 10.X are continually made " @@ -2878,12 +2878,12 @@ "snapshots/\">快照伺服器 取得。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:2542 +#: book.translate.xml:2549 msgid "FreeBSD Project Goals" msgstr "FreeBSD 計劃目標" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2545 +#: book.translate.xml:2552 msgid "" " Jordan Hubbard Contributed by " @@ -2890,12 +2890,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2555 +#: book.translate.xml:2562 msgid "FreeBSD Project goals" msgstr "FreeBSD 計劃 目標" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2559 +#: book.translate.xml:2566 msgid "" "The goals of the FreeBSD Project are to provide software that may be used " "for any purpose and without strings attached. Many of us have a significant " @@ -2915,22 +2915,22 @@ "是我們所倡導的一個目標。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2571 +#: book.translate.xml:2578 msgid "GNU General Public License (GPL)" msgstr "GNU 通用公共授權條款 (GPL)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2574 +#: book.translate.xml:2581 msgid "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)" msgstr "GNU 較寬鬆通用公共授權條款 (LGPL)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2577 +#: book.translate.xml:2584 msgid "BSD Copyright" msgstr "BSD 版權" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2578 +#: book.translate.xml:2585 msgid "" "That code in our source tree which falls under the GNU General Public " "License (GPL) or Library General Public License (LGPL) comes with slightly " @@ -2946,12 +2946,12 @@ "果可以選擇的話， 我們會比較喜歡使用限制相對更寬鬆的 BSD 版權來發佈軟體。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:2590 +#: book.translate.xml:2597 msgid "The FreeBSD Development Model" msgstr "FreeBSD 開發模式" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2593 +#: book.translate.xml:2600 msgid "" " Satoshi Asami Contributed by " @@ -2958,13 +2958,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2603 +#: book.translate.xml:2610 msgid "" "FreeBSD Project development model" msgstr "FreeBSD 專案 開發模式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2608 +#: book.translate.xml:2615 msgid "" "The development of FreeBSD is a very open and flexible process, being " "literally built from the contributions of thousands of people around the " @@ -2991,7 +2991,7 @@ "link> 對那些希望了解我們進度的人也是相當有用的。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2621 +#: book.translate.xml:2628 msgid "" "Useful things to know about the FreeBSD Project and its development process, " "whether working independently or in close cooperation:" @@ -3000,44 +3000,44 @@ "錯的︰" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2627 +#: book.translate.xml:2634 msgid "The SVN repositories" msgstr "SVN 檔案庫" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2631 +#: book.translate.xml:2638 msgid "CVS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2635 +#: book.translate.xml:2642 msgid "CVS Repository" msgstr "CVS 檔案庫" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2639 +#: book.translate.xml:2646 msgid "Concurrent Versions System CVS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2644 book.translate.xml:45017 book.translate.xml:45057 +#: book.translate.xml:2651 book.translate.xml:45013 book.translate.xml:45053 #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Subversion" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2648 +#: book.translate.xml:2655 msgid "Subversion Repository" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2652 +#: book.translate.xml:2659 msgid "SVN Subversion" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2630 +#: book.translate.xml:2637 msgid "" "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> <_:indexterm-3/> <_:indexterm-4/> <_:" "indexterm-5/> <_:indexterm-6/> For several years, the central source tree " @@ -3070,17 +3070,17 @@ "\"ports-using\">使用 Port 套件集 了解如何取得 FreeBSD Port 套件集。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2679 +#: book.translate.xml:2686 msgid "The committers list" msgstr "提交者名單" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2683 +#: book.translate.xml:2690 msgid "committers" msgstr "提交者" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2682 +#: book.translate.xml:2689 msgid "" "The committers <_:indexterm-1/> are the people who " "have write access to the Subversion tree, and are " @@ -3101,17 +3101,17 @@ "誤 (Bug)。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2699 +#: book.translate.xml:2706 msgid "The FreeBSD core team" msgstr "FreeBSD 核心團隊" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2703 +#: book.translate.xml:2710 msgid "core team" msgstr "核心團隊" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2702 +#: book.translate.xml:2709 msgid "" "The FreeBSD core team <_:indexterm-1/> would be " "equivalent to the board of directors if the FreeBSD Project were a company. " @@ -3129,7 +3129,7 @@ "2014 年 7 月從提交者候選人之中選出來的，這個選舉每兩年會舉辦一次。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:2718 +#: book.translate.xml:2725 msgid "" "Like most developers, most members of the core team are also volunteers when " "it comes to FreeBSD development and do not benefit from the project " @@ -3146,12 +3146,12 @@ "而選擇投入 FreeBSD 開發的熱血有為者才對！" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2733 +#: book.translate.xml:2740 msgid "Outside contributors" msgstr "非官方貢獻者" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2736 +#: book.translate.xml:2743 msgid "" "Last, but definitely not least, the largest group of developers are the " "users themselves who provide feedback and bug fixes to us on an almost " @@ -3169,12 +3169,12 @@ "linkend=\"eresources\"/> 以瞭解各式不同的 FreeBSD 郵遞論壇。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2747 +#: book.translate.xml:2754 msgid "contributors" msgstr "貢獻者" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2745 +#: book.translate.xml:2752 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Contributors List " @@ -3187,7 +3187,7 @@ "貢獻 FreeBSD 一些回饋呢？" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2752 +#: book.translate.xml:2759 msgid "" "Providing code is not the only way of contributing to the project; for a " "more complete list of things that need doing, please refer to the FreeBSD 計畫網站。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2760 +#: book.translate.xml:2767 msgid "" "In summary, our development model is organized as a loose set of concentric " "circles. The centralized model is designed for the convenience of the " @@ -3214,7 +3214,7 @@ "用 — 而這個開發模式對我們要完成這個目標來說運作的非常好。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2770 +#: book.translate.xml:2777 msgid "" "All we ask of those who would join us as FreeBSD developers is some of the " "same dedication its current people have to its continued success!" @@ -3223,12 +3223,12 @@ "保繼續成功！" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:2776 +#: book.translate.xml:2783 msgid "Third Party Programs" msgstr "第三方程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2778 +#: book.translate.xml:2785 msgid "" "In addition to the base distributions, FreeBSD offers a ported software " "collection with thousands of commonly sought-after programs. At the time of " @@ -3256,12 +3256,12 @@ "更多有關套件與 Port 的資訊可於 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:2799 +#: book.translate.xml:2806 msgid "Additional Documentation" msgstr "其他文件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2801 +#: book.translate.xml:2808 msgid "" "All recent FreeBSD versions provide an option in the installer (either " "sysinstall8/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/handbook/index.html/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/faq/index.htmlhttp://www.FreeBSD.org/." @@ -3318,12 +3318,12 @@ "\"http://www.FreeBSD.org/\">http://www.FreeBSD.org/。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:2845 +#: book.translate.xml:2852 msgid "Installing FreeBSD" msgstr "安裝 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2873 +#: book.translate.xml:2880 msgid "" " Gavin Atkinson Updated for bsdinstall by " @@ -3330,7 +3330,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2882 +#: book.translate.xml:2889 msgid "" " Warren Block " @@ -3337,7 +3337,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2891 +#: book.translate.xml:2898 msgid "" " Allan Jude Updated for root-on-ZFS by " @@ -3344,12 +3344,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2905 +#: book.translate.xml:2912 msgid "installation" msgstr "安裝" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2907 +#: book.translate.xml:2914 msgid "" "Beginning with FreeBSD 9.0-RELEASE, FreeBSD provides an easy to use, text-" "based installation program named bsdinstall. This " @@ -3361,7 +3361,7 @@ "bsdinstall 來安裝 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2913 +#: book.translate.xml:2920 msgid "" "In general, the installation instructions in this chapter are written for " "the i386 and AMD64 architectures. " @@ -3376,7 +3376,7 @@ "著來做。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:2922 +#: book.translate.xml:2929 msgid "" "Users who prefer to install FreeBSD using a graphical installer may be " "interested in pc-sysinstall, the installer used " @@ -3392,22 +3392,22 @@ "\">http://wiki.pcbsd.org/index.php/Colophon)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2934 +#: book.translate.xml:2941 msgid "The minimum hardware requirements and FreeBSD supported architectures." msgstr "最低的硬體需求和 FreeBSD 支援的架構。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2939 +#: book.translate.xml:2946 msgid "How to create the FreeBSD installation media." msgstr "如何建立 FreeBSD 的安裝媒體。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2943 +#: book.translate.xml:2950 msgid "How to start bsdinstall." msgstr "如何開始執行 bsdinstall。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2948 +#: book.translate.xml:2955 msgid "" "The questions bsdinstall will ask, what they " "mean, and how to answer them." @@ -3416,29 +3416,29 @@ "回答。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2953 +#: book.translate.xml:2960 msgid "How to troubleshoot a failed installation." msgstr "安裝失敗時如何做故障排除。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2957 +#: book.translate.xml:2964 msgid "" "How to access a live version of FreeBSD before committing to an installation." msgstr "如何在正式安裝前使用 live 版本的 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2962 book.translate.xml:10609 book.translate.xml:13913 -#: book.translate.xml:17988 book.translate.xml:19253 book.translate.xml:23677 -#: book.translate.xml:29376 book.translate.xml:31123 book.translate.xml:31875 -#: book.translate.xml:35519 book.translate.xml:41450 book.translate.xml:41645 -#: book.translate.xml:42969 book.translate.xml:43992 book.translate.xml:46153 -#: book.translate.xml:46512 book.translate.xml:48723 book.translate.xml:50429 -#: book.translate.xml:58076 book.translate.xml:61727 +#: book.translate.xml:2969 book.translate.xml:10625 book.translate.xml:13929 +#: book.translate.xml:18005 book.translate.xml:19270 book.translate.xml:23694 +#: book.translate.xml:29393 book.translate.xml:31140 book.translate.xml:31892 +#: book.translate.xml:35536 book.translate.xml:41467 book.translate.xml:41662 +#: book.translate.xml:42965 book.translate.xml:43988 book.translate.xml:46149 +#: book.translate.xml:46508 book.translate.xml:48719 book.translate.xml:50425 +#: book.translate.xml:58075 book.translate.xml:61726 msgid "Before reading this chapter, you should:" msgstr "在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2966 +#: book.translate.xml:2973 msgid "" "Read the supported hardware list that shipped with the version of FreeBSD to " "be installed and verify that the system's hardware is supported." @@ -3446,12 +3446,12 @@ "閱讀即將安裝的 FreeBSD 版本所附帶的硬體支援清單，並核對系統的硬體是否有支援。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:2974 +#: book.translate.xml:2981 msgid "Minimum Hardware Requirements" msgstr "最低硬體需求" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2976 +#: book.translate.xml:2983 msgid "" "The hardware requirements to install FreeBSD vary by architecture. Hardware " "architectures and devices supported by a FreeBSD release are listed on the " @@ -3467,7 +3467,7 @@ "也有建議如何正確的選擇在不同架構使用的映像檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2983 +#: book.translate.xml:2990 msgid "" "A FreeBSD installation requires a minimum of 96 MB of RAM " "and 1.5 GB of free hard drive space. However, such small amounts of memory " @@ -3480,17 +3480,17 @@ "途的桌面系統會需要更多的資源，2-4 GB RAM 與至少 8 GB 的硬碟空間是不錯的起點。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2991 +#: book.translate.xml:2998 msgid "These are the processor requirements for each architecture:" msgstr "每一種架構的處理器需求概述如下：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2996 +#: book.translate.xml:3003 msgid "amd64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2998 +#: book.translate.xml:3005 msgid "" "This is the most common desktop and laptop processor type, used in most " "modern systems. Intel calls it " @@ -3502,7 +3502,7 @@ "製造商則稱該類型為 x86-64。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3003 +#: book.translate.xml:3010 msgid "" "Examples of amd64 compatible processsors include: AMD Athlon64, AMD Opteron, multi-core Intel processors " @@ -3537,7 +3537,7 @@ "\"registered\">Intel 486 或是更高階的處理器也有支援。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3020 +#: book.translate.xml:3027 msgid "" "FreeBSD will take advantage of Physical Address Extensions (PAE) support on CPUs with this feature. A kernel " @@ -3555,12 +3555,12 @@ "refentrytitle>4。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:3032 +#: book.translate.xml:3039 msgid "ia64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3034 +#: book.translate.xml:3041 msgid "" "Currently supported processors are the Itanium and the ItaniumSMP) 的設定都有支援。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:3044 +#: book.translate.xml:3051 msgid "pc98" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3046 +#: book.translate.xml:3053 msgid "" "NEC PC-9801/9821 series with almost all i386-compatible processors, " "including 80486, Pentium, " @@ -3601,7 +3601,7 @@ "FC-9801/9821 及 NEC SV-98 系列也有支援。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3055 +#: book.translate.xml:3062 msgid "" "High-resolution mode is not supported. NEC PC-98XA/XL/RL/XL^2, and NEC PC-" "H98 series are supported in normal (PC-9801 compatible) mode only. The " @@ -3615,12 +3615,12 @@ "流排不支援。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:3066 +#: book.translate.xml:3073 msgid "powerpc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3068 +#: book.translate.xml:3075 msgid "" "All New World ROM Apple Mac systems with " @@ -3633,17 +3633,17 @@ "CPU 的機器都有支援。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3073 +#: book.translate.xml:3080 msgid "A 32-bit kernel can only use the first 2 GB of RAM." msgstr "32 位元的核心只能使用前 2 GB 的 RAM。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:3079 +#: book.translate.xml:3086 msgid "sparc64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3081 +#: book.translate.xml:3088 msgid "" "Systems supported by FreeBSD/sparc64 are listed at the FreeBSD/sparc64 Project." @@ -3652,7 +3652,7 @@ "platforms/sparc.html\">FreeBSD/sparc64 計劃。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3085 +#: book.translate.xml:3092 msgid "" "SMP is supported on all systems with more than 1 " "processor. A dedicated disk is required as it is not possible to share a " @@ -3662,12 +3662,12 @@ "因為此時無法和其他作業系統共用磁碟。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:3095 +#: book.translate.xml:3102 msgid "Pre-Installation Tasks" msgstr "安裝前準備工作" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3097 +#: book.translate.xml:3104 msgid "" "Once it has been determined that the system meets the minimum hardware " "requirements for installing FreeBSD, the installation file should be " @@ -3679,12 +3679,12 @@ "體。 做這些之前，先檢查以下核對清單的項目是否準備好了：" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3106 +#: book.translate.xml:3113 msgid "Back Up Important Data" msgstr "備份重要資料" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3108 +#: book.translate.xml:3115 msgid "" "Before installing any operating system, always backup " "all important data first. Do not store the backup on the system being " @@ -3701,12 +3701,12 @@ "面的資料都會遺失。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3120 +#: book.translate.xml:3127 msgid "Decide Where to Install FreeBSD" msgstr "決定 FreeBSD 安裝在哪裡" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3122 +#: book.translate.xml:3129 msgid "" "If FreeBSD will be the only operating system installed, this step can be " "skipped. But if FreeBSD will share the disk with another operating system, " @@ -3717,7 +3717,7 @@ "是哪個分割區 (Partition)。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3127 +#: book.translate.xml:3134 msgid "" "In the i386 and amd64 architectures, disks can be divided into multiple " "partitions using one of two partitioning schemes. A traditional " @@ -3743,7 +3743,7 @@ "個分割區，不再需要使用邏輯分割區。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3145 +#: book.translate.xml:3152 msgid "" "Some older operating systems, like Windows XP, are not compatible with the GPT partition " @@ -3755,7 +3755,7 @@ "這類作業系統共用一個磁碟，則需要用 MBR 分割表格式。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3152 +#: book.translate.xml:3159 msgid "" "The FreeBSD boot loader requires either a primary or GPT " "partition. If all of the primary or GPT partitions are " @@ -3769,7 +3769,7 @@ "工具來縮小現有的分割區，並使用釋放出來的空間建立新分割區。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3160 +#: book.translate.xml:3167 msgid "" "A variety of free and commercial partition resizing tools are listed at " "CD 發行版所收錄。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3170 +#: book.translate.xml:3177 msgid "" "When used properly, disk shrinking utilities can safely create space for " "creating a new partition. Since the possibility of selecting the wrong " @@ -3802,7 +3802,7 @@ "料，並確認備份的完整性。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3177 +#: book.translate.xml:3184 msgid "" "Disk partitions containing different operating systems make it possible to " "install multiple operating systems on one computer. An alternative is to use " @@ -3815,12 +3815,12 @@ "執行而不需要改變任何磁碟分割區。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3186 +#: book.translate.xml:3193 msgid "Collect Network Information" msgstr "收集網路資訊" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3188 +#: book.translate.xml:3195 msgid "" "Some FreeBSD installation methods require a network connection in order to " "download the installation files. After any installation, the installer will " @@ -3830,7 +3830,7 @@ "入設定系統網路的介面。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3193 +#: book.translate.xml:3200 msgid "" "If the network has a DHCP server, it can be used to " "provide automatic network configuration. If DHCP is not " @@ -3842,33 +3842,33 @@ "商 (Internet Service Provider, ISP) 取得以的網路資訊供系統使用：" #. (itstool) path: orderedlist/title -#: book.translate.xml:3201 +#: book.translate.xml:3208 msgid "Required Network Information" msgstr "需要的網路資訊" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:3204 book.translate.xml:53483 +#: book.translate.xml:3211 book.translate.xml:53479 msgid "IP address" msgstr "IP 位址" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3208 +#: book.translate.xml:3215 msgid "Subnet mask" msgstr "子網路遮罩" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3212 +#: book.translate.xml:3219 msgid "IP address of default gateway" msgstr "預設閘道器 IP 位址" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3217 +#: book.translate.xml:3224 msgid "Domain name of the network" msgstr "網路的網域名稱" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3221 +#: book.translate.xml:3228 msgid "" "IP addresses of the network's DNS " "servers" @@ -3875,30 +3875,31 @@ msgstr "網路 DNS 伺服器 IP 位址" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3228 +#: book.translate.xml:3235 msgid "Check for FreeBSD Errata" msgstr "檢查 FreeBSD 勘誤表" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3230 +#: book.translate.xml:3237 msgid "" "Although the FreeBSD Project strives to ensure that each release of FreeBSD " "is as stable as possible, bugs occasionally creep into the process. On very " "rare occasions those bugs affect the installation process. As these problems " "are discovered and fixed, they are noted in the FreeBSD Errata (http://www.freebsd.org/" -"releases/10.3R/errata.html) on the FreeBSD web site. Check the errata " +"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/releases/11.0R/errata.html\">http://www.freebsd.org/" +"releases/11.0R/errata.html) on the FreeBSD web site. Check the errata " "before installing to make sure that there are no problems that might affect " "the installation." msgstr "" -"儘管 FreeBSD Project 努力確保每個 FreeBSD 發行版能夠儘可能地穩定，錯誤偶爾還" -"是會悄悄出現。 有極小的機會錯誤會影響安裝過程。 當這些問題被發現並修正後，會" -"被紀錄在 FreeBSD 網站的 FreeBSD 勘誤表 (http://www.freebsd.org/releases/10.3R/errata." -"html)。 安裝前要檢查勘誤表，確保沒有會影響到安裝的問題。" +"儘管 FreeBSD Project 努力確保每個 FreeBSD 發行版能夠儘可能地穩定，但錯誤偶爾" +"還是會悄悄出現，並有極小的可能會發生影響安裝流程的錯誤，當這些問題被發現並修" +"正後，會被紀錄在 FreeBSD 網站的 FreeBSD 勘誤表 (http://www.freebsd.org/" +"releases/11.0R/errata.html)。 安裝前先檢查勘誤表，以確保沒有會影響到安" +"裝的問題。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3240 +#: book.translate.xml:3247 msgid "" "Information and errata for all the releases can be found on the release " "information section of the FreeBSD web site ()。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3247 +#: book.translate.xml:3254 msgid "Prepare the Installation Media" msgstr "準備安裝的媒體" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3249 +#: book.translate.xml:3256 msgid "" "The FreeBSD installer is not an application that can be run from within " "another operating system. Instead, download a FreeBSD installation file, " @@ -3929,7 +3930,7 @@ "媒體來安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3256 +#: book.translate.xml:3263 msgid "" "FreeBSD installation files are available at www.freebsd.org/where." @@ -3948,7 +3949,7 @@ "DVD 來開機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3265 +#: book.translate.xml:3272 msgid "" "Installation files are available in several formats. The formats vary " "depending on computer architecture and media type." @@ -3956,7 +3957,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#bsdinstall-installation-media-uefi -#: book.translate.xml:3269 +#: book.translate.xml:3276 msgid "" "Additional installation files are included for computers that boot with " "UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface). The names " @@ -3967,12 +3968,12 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3275 +#: book.translate.xml:3282 msgid "File types:" msgstr "檔案類型：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3279 +#: book.translate.xml:3286 msgid "" "-bootonly.iso: This is the smallest installation file as " "it only contains the installer. A working Internet connection is required " @@ -3985,7 +3986,7 @@ "CD 燒錄應用程式燒錄到 CD 使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3289 +#: book.translate.xml:3296 msgid "" "-disc1.iso: This file contains all of the files needed to " "install FreeBSD, its source, and the Ports Collection. It should be burned " @@ -3996,7 +3997,7 @@ "到 CD 使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3297 +#: book.translate.xml:3304 msgid "" "-dvd1.iso: This file contains all of the files needed to " "install FreeBSD, its source, and the Ports Collection. It also contains a " @@ -4011,7 +4012,7 @@ "DVD 燒錄應用程式燒錄到 DVD 使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3308 +#: book.translate.xml:3315 msgid "" "-memstick.img: This file contains all of the files needed " "to install FreeBSD, its source, and the Ports Collection. It should be " @@ -4021,8 +4022,22 @@ "含原始碼及 Port 套件集。這個檔案應依據以下操作指示寫入到 USB 隨身碟使用。" +#. (itstool) path: listitem/para +#: book.translate.xml:3323 +msgid "" +"-mini-memstick.img: Like -bootonly.iso, does not include installation files, but downloads them as needed. " +"A working internet connection is required during installation. Write this " +"file to a USB stick as shown in ." +msgstr "" +"-mini-memstick.img：類似 -bootonly.iso，但不含安裝檔 (可依所要下載)，安裝時需要網際網路連線，可依 的說明將此檔案寫入至 USB 隨身" +"碟。" + #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3316 +#: book.translate.xml:3332 msgid "" "After downloading the image file, download CHECKSUM.SHA256 from the same directory. Calculate a checksumCHECKSUM." "SHA256. The checksums must match exactly. If the checksums do not " @@ -4049,12 +4064,12 @@ "應該要完全相符，若校驗碼不相符，則代表該映像檔是損壞的，必須再下載一次。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:3330 +#: book.translate.xml:3346 msgid "Writing an Image File to USB" msgstr "寫入映象檔到 USB" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:3332 +#: book.translate.xml:3348 msgid "" "The *.img file is an image of the " "complete contents of a memory stick. It cannot be " @@ -4068,7 +4083,7 @@ "隨身碟，本節會介紹其中兩種。" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:3341 +#: book.translate.xml:3357 msgid "" "Before proceeding, back up any important data on the USB " "stick. This procedure will erase the existing data on the stick." @@ -4077,12 +4092,12 @@ "身碟上既有的資料。" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3347 +#: book.translate.xml:3363 msgid "Using dd to Write the Image" msgstr "使用 dd 來寫入映像檔" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3351 +#: book.translate.xml:3367 msgid "" "This example uses /dev/da0 as the target device where " "the image will be written. Be very careful that the " @@ -4094,7 +4109,7 @@ "毀所有在指定目標裝置上已存在的資料。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3359 +#: book.translate.xml:3375 msgid "" "The dd1 command-line utility is available on BSD, USB 裝置。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3370 +#: book.translate.xml:3386 #, no-wrap msgid "# dd if=FreeBSD-10.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img of=/dev/da0 bs=1M conv=sync" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3372 +#: book.translate.xml:3388 msgid "" "If this command fails, verify that the USB stick is not " "mounted and that the device name is for the disk, not a partition. Some " @@ -4141,13 +4156,13 @@ "citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3383 +#: book.translate.xml:3399 msgid "" "Using Windows to Write the Image" msgstr "使用 Windows 來寫入映象檔" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3386 +#: book.translate.xml:3402 msgid "" "Be sure to give the correct drive letter as the existing data on the " "specified drive will be overwritten and destroyed." @@ -4155,7 +4170,7 @@ "務必確認指定的磁碟機代號正確，因在指定磁碟機上的既有資料將會被覆蓋與摧毀。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3392 +#: book.translate.xml:3408 msgid "" "Obtaining Image Writer for Windows" @@ -4164,7 +4179,7 @@ "trademark> 版" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3395 +#: book.translate.xml:3411 msgid "" "Image Writer for Windows is a free application that can correctly write an " @@ -4179,12 +4194,12 @@ "夾。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3403 +#: book.translate.xml:3419 msgid "Writing the Image with Image Writer" msgstr "用 Image Writer 寫入映象檔" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3405 +#: book.translate.xml:3421 msgid "" "Double-click the Win32DiskImager icon to start " "the program. Verify that the drive letter shown under " @@ -4203,17 +4218,17 @@ "入隨身碟。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:3420 +#: book.translate.xml:3436 msgid "You are now ready to start installing FreeBSD." msgstr "您現在可以開始安裝 FreeBSD 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:3426 +#: book.translate.xml:3442 msgid "Starting the Installation" msgstr "開始安裝" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:3429 +#: book.translate.xml:3445 msgid "" "By default, the installation will not make any changes to the disk(s) before " "the following message:" @@ -4220,7 +4235,7 @@ msgstr "預設安裝程序在下列訊息顯示之前不會對磁碟做任何更動：" #. (itstool) path: important/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:3432 +#: book.translate.xml:3448 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Your changes will now be written to disk. If you\n" @@ -4230,7 +4245,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:3437 +#: book.translate.xml:3453 msgid "" "The install can be exited at any time prior to this warning. If there is a " "concern that something is incorrectly configured, just turn the computer off " @@ -4240,7 +4255,7 @@ "腦，將不會對系統磁碟做任何更改。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3444 +#: book.translate.xml:3460 msgid "" "This section describes how to boot the system from the installation media " "which was prepared using the instructions in i386 and amd64" msgstr "在 i386 及 amd64 開機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3457 +#: book.translate.xml:3473 msgid "" "These architectures provide a BIOS menu for selecting the " "boot device. Depending upon the installation media being used, select the " @@ -4280,7 +4295,7 @@ "Escape 其中之一。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3468 +#: book.translate.xml:3484 msgid "" "If the computer loads the existing operating system instead of the FreeBSD " "installer, then either:" @@ -4287,7 +4302,7 @@ msgstr "若電腦仍載入了現有的作業系統，而不是 FreeBSD 安裝程式，原因可能為：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3473 +#: book.translate.xml:3489 msgid "" "The installation media was not inserted early enough in the boot process. " "Leave the media inserted and try restarting the computer." @@ -4296,7 +4311,7 @@ "電腦。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3479 +#: book.translate.xml:3495 msgid "" "The BIOS changes were incorrect or not saved. Double-" "check that the right boot device is selected as the first boot device." @@ -4305,7 +4320,7 @@ "確的裝置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3485 +#: book.translate.xml:3501 msgid "" "This system is too old to support booting from the chosen media. In this " "case, the Plop Boot Manager () 來從選擇的開機媒體開機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3495 +#: book.translate.xml:3511 msgid "Booting on PowerPC" msgstr "在 PowerPC 開機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3497 +#: book.translate.xml:3513 msgid "" "On most machines, holding C on the keyboard during boot " "will boot from the CD. Otherwise, hold 提示時，輸入" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3513 +#: book.translate.xml:3529 #, no-wrap msgid "boot cd:,\\ppc\\loader cd:0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3517 +#: book.translate.xml:3533 msgid "Booting on SPARC64" msgstr "在 SPARC64 開機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3519 +#: book.translate.xml:3535 msgid "" "Most SPARC64 systems are set up " "to boot automatically from disk. To install FreeBSD from a CD。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3523 +#: book.translate.xml:3539 msgid "" "To do this, reboot the system and wait until the boot message appears. The " "message depends on the model, but should look something like this:" @@ -4372,7 +4387,7 @@ "機型而有所不同，但大致結果會如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3527 +#: book.translate.xml:3543 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present\n" @@ -4382,7 +4397,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3532 +#: book.translate.xml:3548 msgid "" "If the system proceeds to boot from disk at this point, press L1A or " @@ -4405,7 +4420,7 @@ "prompt>，其中的數字代表啟動的 CPU 數。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3544 +#: book.translate.xml:3560 msgid "" "At this point, place the CD into the drive and type " "boot cdrom from the PROM prompt." @@ -4414,12 +4429,12 @@ "畫面輸入 boot cdrom。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3550 +#: book.translate.xml:3566 msgid "FreeBSD Boot Menu" msgstr "FreeBSD 開機選單" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3552 +#: book.translate.xml:3568 msgid "" "Once the system boots from the installation media, a menu similar to the " "following will be displayed:" @@ -4426,7 +4441,7 @@ msgstr "從安裝媒體開機之後，會顯示如下的選單：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3556 +#: book.translate.xml:3572 msgid "FreeBSD Boot Loader Menu" msgstr "FreeBSD 開機載入程式選單" @@ -4435,7 +4450,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3560 +#: book.translate.xml:3576 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-newboot-loader-menu' md5='__failed__'" @@ -4442,7 +4457,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3565 +#: book.translate.xml:3581 msgid "" "By default, the menu will wait ten seconds for user input before booting " "into the FreeBSD installer or, if FreeBSD is already installed, before " @@ -4456,7 +4471,7 @@ "以下選項可選。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3575 +#: book.translate.xml:3591 msgid "" "Boot Multi User: This will continue the FreeBSD boot " "process. If the boot timer has been paused, press 1, upper- " @@ -4467,7 +4482,7 @@ "B 或 Enter 鍵。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3583 +#: book.translate.xml:3599 msgid "" "Boot Single User: This mode can be used to fix an " "existing FreeBSD installation as described in 、大寫或小寫 S 進入這個模式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3591 +#: book.translate.xml:3607 msgid "" "Escape to loader prompt: This will boot the system into a " "repair prompt that contains a limited number of low-level commands. This " @@ -4492,12 +4507,12 @@ "入這個提示。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3600 +#: book.translate.xml:3616 msgid "Reboot: Reboots the system." msgstr "重新開機 (Reboot)：重新開啟系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3604 +#: book.translate.xml:3620 msgid "" "Configure Boot Options: Opens the menu shown in, and " "described under, ." @@ -4506,7 +4521,7 @@ "說明於 。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3610 +#: book.translate.xml:3626 msgid "FreeBSD Boot Options Menu" msgstr "FreeBSD 開機選項選單" @@ -4515,13 +4530,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3614 +#: book.translate.xml:3630 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-boot-options-menu' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3619 +#: book.translate.xml:3635 msgid "" "The boot options menu is divided into two sections. The first section can be " "used to either return to the main boot menu or to reset any toggled options " @@ -4531,7 +4546,7 @@ "回預設值。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3624 +#: book.translate.xml:3640 msgid "" "The next section is used to toggle the available options to On or Off by pressing the option's highlighted " @@ -4544,7 +4559,7 @@ "到選項被修改。有數個選項可以在這個選單做切換：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3633 +#: book.translate.xml:3649 msgid "" "ACPI Support: If the system hangs during boot, try " "toggling this option to Off." @@ -4553,7 +4568,7 @@ "個選項為關 (Off)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3639 +#: book.translate.xml:3655 msgid "" "Safe Mode: If the system still hangs during boot even " "with ACPI Support set to Off, try " @@ -4564,7 +4579,7 @@ "將此選項設為開 (On)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3646 +#: book.translate.xml:3662 msgid "" "Single User: Toggle this option to On " "to fix an existing FreeBSD installation as described in Off)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3654 +#: book.translate.xml:3670 msgid "" "Verbose: Toggle this option to On to " "see more detailed messages during the boot process. This can be useful when " @@ -4586,7 +4601,7 @@ "literal>) 來查看開機程序中更詳細的訊息，這在診斷硬體問題時非常有用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3661 +#: book.translate.xml:3677 msgid "" "After making the needed selections, press 1 or " "Backspace to return to the main boot menu, then press " @@ -4601,7 +4616,7 @@ "選單如 。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3670 +#: book.translate.xml:3686 msgid "Welcome Menu" msgstr "歡迎選單" @@ -4610,13 +4625,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3674 +#: book.translate.xml:3690 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-choose-mode' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3679 +#: book.translate.xml:3695 msgid "" "Press Enter to select the default of " "[ Install ] to enter the installer. The rest of this " @@ -4636,7 +4651,7 @@ "本的詳細說明於 。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:3692 +#: book.translate.xml:3708 msgid "" "To review the boot messages, including the hardware device probe, press the " "upper- or lower-case S and then Enter to " @@ -4650,12 +4665,12 @@ "exit 返回歡迎選單。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:3705 +#: book.translate.xml:3721 msgid "Using bsdinstall" msgstr "使用 bsdinstall" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3707 +#: book.translate.xml:3723 msgid "" "This section shows the order of the bsdinstall " "menus and the type of information that will be asked before the system is " @@ -4670,12 +4685,12 @@ "選項然後進入下一個畫面。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3716 +#: book.translate.xml:3732 msgid "Selecting the Keymap Menu" msgstr "選擇鍵盤對應表選單" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3718 +#: book.translate.xml:3734 msgid "" "Depending on the system console being used, bsdinstall may initially display the menu shown in 。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3723 +#: book.translate.xml:3739 msgid "Keymap Selection" msgstr "鍵盤對應表選擇" @@ -4694,7 +4709,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3727 +#: book.translate.xml:3743 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-keymap-select-default' md5='__failed__'" @@ -4701,7 +4716,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3732 +#: book.translate.xml:3748 msgid "" "To configure the keyboard layout, press Enter with " "[ YES ] selected, which will display the menu shown " @@ -4715,7 +4730,7 @@ "Enter 跳過這個選單畫面。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3741 +#: book.translate.xml:3757 msgid "Selecting Keyboard Menu" msgstr "選擇鍵盤選單" @@ -4724,13 +4739,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3745 +#: book.translate.xml:3761 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-keymap' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3750 +#: book.translate.xml:3766 msgid "" "When configuring the keyboard layout, use the up and down arrows to select " "the keymap that most closely represents the mapping of the keyboard attached " @@ -4740,7 +4755,7 @@ "(Keymap)，然後按下 Enter 儲存選項。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:3756 +#: book.translate.xml:3772 msgid "" "Pressing Esc will exit this menu and use the default " "keymap. If the choice of keymap is not clear, United States of " @@ -4751,7 +4766,7 @@ "guimenuitem> 是也是保險的選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3762 +#: book.translate.xml:3778 msgid "" "In FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE and later, this menu has been enhanced. The full " "selection of keymaps is shown, with the default preselected. In addition, " @@ -4763,7 +4778,7 @@ "對話框讓使用者測試鍵盤對應表來確認。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3769 +#: book.translate.xml:3785 msgid "Enhanced Keymap Menu" msgstr "改進後的鍵盤對應表選單" @@ -4772,7 +4787,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3773 +#: book.translate.xml:3789 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-keymap-10' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -4779,12 +4794,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3781 book.translate.xml:3788 +#: book.translate.xml:3797 book.translate.xml:3804 msgid "Setting the Hostname" msgstr "設定主機名稱" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3783 +#: book.translate.xml:3799 msgid "" "The next bsdinstall menu is used to set the " "hostname for the newly installed system." @@ -4797,13 +4812,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3792 +#: book.translate.xml:3808 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-hostname' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3797 +#: book.translate.xml:3813 msgid "" "Type in a hostname that is unique for the network. It should be a fully-" "qualified hostname, such as machine3." @@ -4814,12 +4829,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3802 book.translate.xml:3808 +#: book.translate.xml:3818 book.translate.xml:3824 msgid "Selecting Components to Install" msgstr "選擇要安裝的元件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3804 +#: book.translate.xml:3820 msgid "" "Next, bsdinstall will prompt to select optional " "components to install." @@ -4831,13 +4846,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3812 +#: book.translate.xml:3828 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-components' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3817 +#: book.translate.xml:3833 msgid "" "Deciding which components to install will depend largely on the intended use " "of the system and the amount of disk space available. The FreeBSD kernel and " @@ -4850,7 +4865,7 @@ "必須安裝的部份。依據系統的架構，部份元件可能不會顯示：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3826 +#: book.translate.xml:3842 msgid "" "doc - Additional documentation, mostly of historical " "interest, to install into /usr/share/doc. The " @@ -4864,7 +4879,7 @@ "操作。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3834 +#: book.translate.xml:3850 msgid "" "games - Several traditional BSD games, " "including fortune, rot13lib32 - Compatibility libraries for running 32-bit " "applications on a 64-bit version of FreeBSD." @@ -4884,7 +4899,7 @@ "用的相容性程式庫。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3847 +#: book.translate.xml:3863 msgid "" "ports - The FreeBSD Ports Collection is a collection of " "files which automates the downloading, compiling and installation of third-" @@ -4895,7 +4910,7 @@ "方軟體套件的集合， 中會討論到如何使用 Port 套件集。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3854 +#: book.translate.xml:3870 msgid "" "The installation program does not check for adequate disk space. Select this " "option only if sufficient hard disk space is available. The FreeBSD Ports " @@ -4905,7 +4920,7 @@ "磁碟空間，只有在有足夠的磁碟空間時才選擇這個選項。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3863 +#: book.translate.xml:3879 msgid "" "src - The complete FreeBSD source code for both the " "kernel and the userland. Although not required for the majority of " @@ -4922,12 +4937,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3876 book.translate.xml:3887 +#: book.translate.xml:3892 book.translate.xml:3903 msgid "Installing from the Network" msgstr "從網路安裝" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3878 +#: book.translate.xml:3894 msgid "" "The menu shown in only " "appears when installing from a -bootonly.iso " @@ -4946,13 +4961,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3891 +#: book.translate.xml:3907 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-netinstall-files' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3896 +#: book.translate.xml:3912 msgid "" "To configure the network connection, press Enter and follow " "the instructions in . Once " @@ -4967,7 +4982,7 @@ "載的速度會比較快，這會減少安裝的時間。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3905 +#: book.translate.xml:3921 msgid "Choosing a Mirror" msgstr "選擇鏡像站" @@ -4976,7 +4991,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3909 +#: book.translate.xml:3925 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-netinstall-mirrorselect' md5='__failed__'" @@ -4983,7 +4998,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3914 +#: book.translate.xml:3930 msgid "" "Installation will then continue as if the installation files were located on " "the local installation media." @@ -4990,12 +5005,12 @@ msgstr "若在本機的安裝媒體中找到安裝檔案，安裝程序便會繼續。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:3920 +#: book.translate.xml:3936 msgid "Allocating Disk Space" msgstr "配置磁碟空間" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3922 +#: book.translate.xml:3938 msgid "" "The next menu is used to determine the method for allocating disk space. The " "options available in the menu depend upon the version of FreeBSD being " @@ -5005,7 +5020,7 @@ "本而有所不同。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3927 +#: book.translate.xml:3943 msgid "Partitioning Choices on FreeBSD 9.x" msgstr "FreeBSD 9.x 的磁碟分割選項" @@ -5014,7 +5029,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3931 +#: book.translate.xml:3947 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-guided-manual' md5='__failed__'" @@ -5021,7 +5036,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3937 +#: book.translate.xml:3953 msgid "Partitioning Choices on FreeBSD 10.x and Higher" msgstr "FreeBSD 10.x 或更新版本的磁碟分割選項" @@ -5030,13 +5045,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3941 +#: book.translate.xml:3957 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-partmenu' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3946 +#: book.translate.xml:3962 msgid "" "Guided partitioning automatically sets up the disk " "partitions, Manual partitioning allows advanced users to " @@ -5064,7 +5079,7 @@ "firstterm>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3957 +#: book.translate.xml:3973 msgid "" "This section describes what to consider when laying out the disk partitions. " "It then demonstrates how to use the different partitioning methods." @@ -5072,32 +5087,32 @@ "本節會介紹在配置磁碟分割時需要考量那些事情，並且會示範各種磁碟分割的方式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3962 +#: book.translate.xml:3978 msgid "Designing the Partition Layout" msgstr "規劃分割區配置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:3964 +#: book.translate.xml:3980 msgid "partition layout" msgstr "分割區配置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:3965 +#: book.translate.xml:3981 msgid "/etc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:3968 +#: book.translate.xml:3984 msgid "/var" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:3971 +#: book.translate.xml:3987 msgid "/usr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3975 +#: book.translate.xml:3991 msgid "" "When laying out file systems, remember that hard drives transfer data faster " "from the outer tracks to the inner. Thus, smaller and heavier-accessed file " @@ -5113,7 +5128,7 @@ "/var 然後 /usr。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3985 +#: book.translate.xml:4001 msgid "" "The size of the /var partition reflects the intended " "machine's usage. This partition is used to hold mailboxes, log files, and " @@ -5128,7 +5143,7 @@ "/var 需要超過 1 GB 的可用磁碟空間。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:3995 +#: book.translate.xml:4011 msgid "" "Sometimes, a lot of disk space is required in /var/tmp. " "When new software is installed, the packaging tools extract a temporary copy " @@ -5145,7 +5160,7 @@ "application> 或 LibreOffice 會很困難。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4006 +#: book.translate.xml:4022 msgid "" "The /usr partition holds many of the files which " "support the system, including the FreeBSD Ports Collection and system source " @@ -5155,7 +5170,7 @@ "Port 套件集以及系統原始碼。這個分割區建議至少要有 2 GB 的空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4011 +#: book.translate.xml:4027 msgid "" "When selecting partition sizes, keep the space requirements in mind. Running " "out of space in one partition while barely using another can be a hassle." @@ -5164,17 +5179,17 @@ "區時會很麻煩。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:4015 +#: book.translate.xml:4031 msgid "swap sizing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:4018 +#: book.translate.xml:4034 msgid "swap partition" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4022 +#: book.translate.xml:4038 msgid "" "As a rule of thumb, the swap partition should be about double the size of " "physical memory (RAM). Systems with minimal RAMSCSI disks or multiple " "IDE disks operating on different controllers, it is " @@ -5208,7 +5223,7 @@ "換空間，這也會讓要從失控的程式恢復運作更容易，而不需強制重新啟動系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4043 +#: book.translate.xml:4059 msgid "" "By properly partitioning a system, fragmentation introduced in the smaller " "write heavy partitions will not bleed over into the mostly read partitions. " @@ -5226,12 +5241,12 @@ "顯著。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4056 +#: book.translate.xml:4072 msgid "Guided Partitioning" msgstr "引導式磁碟分割" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4058 +#: book.translate.xml:4074 msgid "" "When this method is selected, a menu will display the available disk(s). If " "multiple disks are connected, choose the one where FreeBSD is to be " @@ -5241,7 +5256,7 @@ "個來安裝 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4063 +#: book.translate.xml:4079 msgid "Selecting from Multiple Disks" msgstr "自多個磁碟選擇" @@ -5250,13 +5265,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4067 +#: book.translate.xml:4083 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-guided-disk' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4072 +#: book.translate.xml:4088 msgid "" "Once the disk is selected, the next menu prompts to install to either the " "entire disk or to create a partition using free space. If " @@ -5271,7 +5286,7 @@ "未使用的空間來建立分割區配置。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4082 +#: book.translate.xml:4098 msgid "Selecting Entire Disk or Partition" msgstr "選擇完整磁碟或分割區" @@ -5280,13 +5295,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4086 +#: book.translate.xml:4102 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-entire-part' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4091 +#: book.translate.xml:4107 msgid "" "After the partition layout has been created, review it to ensure it meets " "the needs of the installation. Selecting [ Revert ] " @@ -5303,7 +5318,7 @@ "[ Finish ] 繼續安裝。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4102 +#: book.translate.xml:4118 msgid "Review Created Partitions" msgstr "確認已建立的分割區" @@ -5312,23 +5327,23 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4106 +#: book.translate.xml:4122 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-review' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4113 +#: book.translate.xml:4129 msgid "Manual Partitioning" msgstr "手動磁碟分割" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4115 +#: book.translate.xml:4131 msgid "Selecting this method opens the partition editor:" msgstr "選擇這個方法會開啟分割區編輯程式：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4118 book.translate.xml:4133 book.translate.xml:4204 +#: book.translate.xml:4134 book.translate.xml:4149 book.translate.xml:4220 msgid "Manually Create Partitions" msgstr "手動建立分割區" @@ -5337,7 +5352,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4122 +#: book.translate.xml:4138 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-manual-create' md5='__failed__'" @@ -5344,7 +5359,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4127 +#: book.translate.xml:4143 msgid "" "Highlight the installation drive (ada0 in this example) " "and select [ Create ] to display a menu of available " @@ -5359,7 +5374,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4137 +#: book.translate.xml:4153 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-manual-partscheme' md5='__failed__'" @@ -5366,7 +5381,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4142 +#: book.translate.xml:4158 msgid "" "GPT is usually the most appropriate choice for amd64 " "computers. Older computers that are not compatible with GPTPowerPC." @@ -5415,12 +5430,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm #. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym -#: book.translate.xml:4166 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:4182 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "BSD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4167 +#: book.translate.xml:4183 msgid "" "BSD label without an MBR, sometimes " "called dangerously dedicated mode as non-" @@ -5431,12 +5446,12 @@ "(Dangerously dedicated mode)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4175 +#: book.translate.xml:4191 msgid "GPT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4176 +#: book.translate.xml:4192 msgid "" "GUID Partition Table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4180 +#: book.translate.xml:4196 msgid "MBR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4181 +#: book.translate.xml:4197 msgid "" "Master Boot Record (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record)." @@ -5462,12 +5477,12 @@ "link>)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4185 +#: book.translate.xml:4201 msgid "PC98" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4186 +#: book.translate.xml:4202 msgid "" "MBR variant used by NEC PC-98 computers (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pc9801)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4191 +#: book.translate.xml:4207 msgid "VTOC8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4192 +#: book.translate.xml:4208 msgid "Volume Table Of Contents used by Sun SPARC64 and UltraSPARC computers." msgstr "Volume Table Of Contents，用於 Sun SPARC64 及 UltraSPARC 電腦。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4199 +#: book.translate.xml:4215 msgid "" "After the partitioning scheme has been selected and created, select " "[ Create ] again to create the partitions." @@ -5501,7 +5516,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4208 +#: book.translate.xml:4224 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-manual-addpart' md5='__failed__'" @@ -5508,7 +5523,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4213 +#: book.translate.xml:4229 msgid "" "A standard FreeBSD GPT installation uses at least three " "partitions:" @@ -5515,12 +5530,12 @@ msgstr "標準的 FreeBSD GPT 安裝會使用至少三種分割區：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4218 +#: book.translate.xml:4234 msgid "freebsd-boot - Holds the FreeBSD boot code." msgstr "freebsd-boot - 儲存 FreeBSD 開機程式 (Boot code)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4223 +#: book.translate.xml:4239 msgid "" "freebsd-ufs - A FreeBSD UFS file " "system." @@ -5528,12 +5543,12 @@ "freebsd-ufs - FreeBSD 的 UFS 檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4228 +#: book.translate.xml:4244 msgid "freebsd-swap - FreeBSD swap space." msgstr "freebsd-swap - FreeBSD 交換空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4233 +#: book.translate.xml:4249 msgid "" "Another partition type worth noting is freebsd-zfs, used " "for partitions that will contain a FreeBSD ZFS file " @@ -5548,7 +5563,7 @@ "citerefentry> 取得可用的 GPT 分割區類型說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4239 +#: book.translate.xml:4255 msgid "" "Multiple file system partitions can be created and some people prefer a " "traditional layout with separate partitions for /, " @@ -5562,7 +5577,7 @@ "\"bsdinstall-part-manual-splitfs\"/> 的範例。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4246 +#: book.translate.xml:4262 msgid "" "The Size may be entered with common abbreviations: " "K for kilobytes, M for megabytes, " @@ -5573,7 +5588,7 @@ "表 GB。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:4252 +#: book.translate.xml:4268 msgid "" "Proper sector alignment provides the best performance, and making partition " "sizes even multiples of 4K bytes helps to ensure alignment on drives with " @@ -5590,7 +5605,7 @@ "(Boot code) 的限制，不可大於 512K。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4263 +#: book.translate.xml:4279 msgid "" "A Mountpoint is needed if the partition will contain a " "file system. If only a single UFS partition will be " @@ -5601,7 +5616,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4268 +#: book.translate.xml:4284 msgid "" "The Label is a name by which the partition will be known. " "Drive names or numbers can change if the drive is connected to a different " @@ -5621,7 +5636,7 @@ "且標籤會在 /dev/ 中有各自的目錄。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:4281 +#: book.translate.xml:4297 msgid "" "Use a unique label on every partition to avoid conflicts from identical " "labels. A few letters from the computer's name, use, or location can be " @@ -5635,12 +5650,12 @@ "UFS 根目錄分割區。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:4291 +#: book.translate.xml:4307 msgid "Creating Traditional Split File System Partitions" msgstr "建立傳統分割的檔案系統分割區" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:4294 +#: book.translate.xml:4310 msgid "" "For a traditional partition layout where the /, " "/var, /tmp, and /usrgptboot expects the first " "UFS partition to be the / partition." @@ -5670,113 +5685,113 @@ "acronym> 分割區為 / 分割區。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4315 +#: book.translate.xml:4331 msgid "Partition Type" msgstr "分割區類型" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4316 +#: book.translate.xml:4332 msgid "Size" msgstr "大小" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4317 +#: book.translate.xml:4333 msgid "Mountpoint" msgstr "掛載點" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4318 +#: book.translate.xml:4334 msgid "Label" msgstr "標籤" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4324 +#: book.translate.xml:4340 msgid "freebsd-boot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4325 +#: book.translate.xml:4341 msgid "512K" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4329 book.translate.xml:4343 book.translate.xml:4350 -#: book.translate.xml:4357 +#: book.translate.xml:4345 book.translate.xml:4359 book.translate.xml:4366 +#: book.translate.xml:4373 msgid "freebsd-ufs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4330 book.translate.xml:4344 +#: book.translate.xml:4346 book.translate.xml:4360 msgid "2G" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4331 book.translate.xml:7118 +#: book.translate.xml:4347 book.translate.xml:7134 msgid "/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4332 +#: book.translate.xml:4348 msgid "exrootfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4336 +#: book.translate.xml:4352 msgid "freebsd-swap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4337 +#: book.translate.xml:4353 msgid "4G" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4339 +#: book.translate.xml:4355 msgid "exswap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4345 +#: book.translate.xml:4361 msgid "/var" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4346 +#: book.translate.xml:4362 msgid "exvarfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4351 +#: book.translate.xml:4367 msgid "1G" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4352 +#: book.translate.xml:4368 msgid "/tmp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4353 +#: book.translate.xml:4369 msgid "extmpfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4358 +#: book.translate.xml:4374 msgid "accept the default (remainder of the disk)" msgstr "接受預設值 (依磁碟提示)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4360 +#: book.translate.xml:4376 msgid "/usr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4361 +#: book.translate.xml:4377 msgid "exusrfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4368 +#: book.translate.xml:4384 msgid "" "After the custom partitions have been created, select [ Finish ] to continue with the installation." @@ -5784,12 +5799,12 @@ "自訂的分割區建立完後，選擇 [ Finish ] 繼續安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4374 +#: book.translate.xml:4390 msgid "Root-on-ZFS Automatic Partitioning" msgstr "Root-on-ZFS 自動磁碟分割" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4376 +#: book.translate.xml:4392 msgid "" "Support for automatic creation of root-on-ZFS installations was added in " "FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE. This partitioning mode only works with whole disks and " @@ -5818,7 +5833,7 @@ "存池使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4395 +#: book.translate.xml:4411 msgid "" "The main ZFS configuration menu offers a number of " "options to control the creation of the pool." @@ -5826,7 +5841,7 @@ "主要 ZFS 設定選單提供了數個設定選項來控制儲存池的建立。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4400 +#: book.translate.xml:4416 msgid "ZFS Partitioning Menu" msgstr "ZFS 磁碟分割選單" @@ -5835,13 +5850,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4404 +#: book.translate.xml:4420 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-menu' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4409 +#: book.translate.xml:4425 msgid "" "Select T to configure the Pool Type and " "the disk(s) that will constitute the pool. The automatic ZFSZFS Pool Type" msgstr "ZFS 儲存池類型" @@ -5875,13 +5890,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4430 +#: book.translate.xml:4446 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-vdev_type' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4435 +#: book.translate.xml:4451 msgid "" "Once a Pool Type has been selected, a list of available " "disks is displayed, and the user is prompted to select one or more disks to " @@ -5896,7 +5911,7 @@ "返回磁碟清單或取消 (<Cancel>) 來更改儲存池類型。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4445 +#: book.translate.xml:4461 msgid "Disk Selection" msgstr "磁碟選擇" @@ -5905,13 +5920,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4449 +#: book.translate.xml:4465 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-disk_select' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4455 +#: book.translate.xml:4471 msgid "Invalid Selection" msgstr "無效的選擇" @@ -5920,13 +5935,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4459 +#: book.translate.xml:4475 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-vdev_invalid' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4464 +#: book.translate.xml:4480 msgid "" "If one or more disks are missing from the list, or if disks were attached " "after the installer was started, select - Rescan DevicesZFS configuration menu also allows the user to " "enter a pool name, disable forcing 4k sectors, enable or disable encryption, " @@ -5971,7 +5986,7 @@ "單上方的安裝 (>>> Install) 選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4494 +#: book.translate.xml:4510 msgid "" "If GELI disk encryption was enabled, the installer will " "prompt twice for the passphrase to be used to encrypt the disks." @@ -5980,7 +5995,7 @@ "的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4499 +#: book.translate.xml:4515 msgid "Disk Encryption Password" msgstr "磁碟加密密碼" @@ -5989,13 +6004,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4503 +#: book.translate.xml:4519 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-geli_password' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4508 +#: book.translate.xml:4524 msgid "" "The installer then offers a last chance to cancel before the contents of the " "selected drives are destroyed to create the ZFS pool." @@ -6004,7 +6019,7 @@ "ZFS 儲存池的磁碟機。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4513 +#: book.translate.xml:4529 msgid "Last Chance" msgstr "最後修改" @@ -6013,23 +6028,23 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4517 +#: book.translate.xml:4533 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-warning' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4522 +#: book.translate.xml:4538 msgid "The installation then proceeds normally." msgstr "然後安裝程序會正常繼續。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4527 +#: book.translate.xml:4543 msgid "Shell Mode Partitioning" msgstr "Shell 模式磁碟分割" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4529 +#: book.translate.xml:4545 msgid "" "When creating advanced installations, the bsdinstall partitioning menus may not provide the level of flexibility " @@ -6048,12 +6063,12 @@ "bsdinstall 繼續安裝程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:4544 +#: book.translate.xml:4560 msgid "Committing to the Installation" msgstr "確認安裝" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4546 +#: book.translate.xml:4562 msgid "" "Once the disks are configured, the next menu provides the last chance to " "make changes before the selected hard drive(s) are formatted. If changes " @@ -6067,7 +6082,7 @@ "何變更。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4556 +#: book.translate.xml:4572 msgid "Final Confirmation" msgstr "最後確認" @@ -6076,7 +6091,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4560 +#: book.translate.xml:4576 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-final-confirmation' md5='__failed__'" @@ -6083,7 +6098,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4565 +#: book.translate.xml:4581 msgid "" "To instead start the actual installation, select [ Commit ] and press Enter." @@ -6092,7 +6107,7 @@ "Enter。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4569 +#: book.translate.xml:4585 msgid "" "Installation time will vary depending on the distributions chosen, " "installation media, and speed of the computer. A series of messages will " @@ -6102,7 +6117,7 @@ "訊息會告知目前的進度。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4573 +#: book.translate.xml:4589 msgid "" "First, the installer formats the selected disk(s) and initializes the " "partitions. Next, in the case of a bootonly media, it downloads the selected " @@ -6112,7 +6127,7 @@ "(Boot only) 的媒體則會開始下載選擇的元件：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4578 +#: book.translate.xml:4594 msgid "Fetching Distribution Files" msgstr "取得發行版檔案" @@ -6121,13 +6136,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4582 +#: book.translate.xml:4598 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-distfile-fetching' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4587 +#: book.translate.xml:4603 msgid "" "Next, the integrity of the distribution files is verified to ensure they " "have not been corrupted during download or misread from the installation " @@ -6137,7 +6152,7 @@ "取錯誤造成的損壞：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4592 +#: book.translate.xml:4608 msgid "Verifying Distribution Files" msgstr "檢驗發行版檔案" @@ -6146,7 +6161,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4596 +#: book.translate.xml:4612 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-distfile-verifying' md5='__failed__'" @@ -6153,12 +6168,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4601 +#: book.translate.xml:4617 msgid "Finally, the verified distribution files are extracted to the disk:" msgstr "最後，檢驗過的發行版檔案會被取出儲存至磁碟：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4605 +#: book.translate.xml:4621 msgid "Extracting Distribution Files" msgstr "解開發行版檔案" @@ -6167,7 +6182,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4609 +#: book.translate.xml:4625 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-distfile-extracting' md5='__failed__'" @@ -6174,7 +6189,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4614 +#: book.translate.xml:4630 msgid "" "Once all requested distribution files have been extracted, " "bsdinstall displays the first post-installation " @@ -6185,12 +6200,12 @@ "次安裝後設定畫面，可用的安裝後設定選項會在下一節說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:4622 +#: book.translate.xml:4638 msgid "Post-Installation" msgstr "安裝後注意事項" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4624 +#: book.translate.xml:4640 msgid "" "Once FreeBSD is installed, bsdinstall will prompt " "to configure several options before booting into the newly installed system. " @@ -6200,7 +6215,7 @@ "的系統之前提示設定數個選項，本節將介紹這些設定選項。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:4630 +#: book.translate.xml:4646 msgid "" "Once the system has booted, bsdconfig provides a menu-" "driven method for configuring the system using these and additional options." @@ -6210,12 +6225,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4637 book.translate.xml:4648 +#: book.translate.xml:4653 book.translate.xml:4664 msgid "Setting the root Password" msgstr "設定 root 密碼" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4641 +#: book.translate.xml:4657 msgid "" "First, the root password must be " "set. While entering the password, the characters being typed are not " @@ -6231,18 +6246,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4652 +#: book.translate.xml:4668 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-post-root-passwd' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4659 +#: book.translate.xml:4675 msgid "Configuring Network Interfaces" msgstr "設定網路介面卡" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4661 +#: book.translate.xml:4677 msgid "" "Next, a list of the network interfaces found on the computer is shown. " "Select the interface to configure." @@ -6249,7 +6264,7 @@ msgstr "接著，會顯示在電腦上找到的網路介面卡清單。請選擇要設定的介面卡。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:4665 +#: book.translate.xml:4681 msgid "" "The network configuration menus will be skipped if the network was " "previously configured as part of a bootonly " @@ -6259,7 +6274,7 @@ "網路設定選單。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4671 +#: book.translate.xml:4687 msgid "Choose a Network Interface" msgstr "選擇網路介面卡" @@ -6268,7 +6283,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4675 +#: book.translate.xml:4691 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface' " @@ -6276,7 +6291,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4680 +#: book.translate.xml:4696 msgid "" "If an Ethernet interface is selected, the installer will skip ahead to the " "menu shown in . If a " @@ -6288,7 +6303,7 @@ "描無線存取點 (Wireless Access Point)：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4686 +#: book.translate.xml:4702 msgid "Scanning for Wireless Access Points" msgstr "掃描無線網路存取點" @@ -6297,7 +6312,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4690 +#: book.translate.xml:4706 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-wireless-scan' md5='__failed__'" @@ -6304,7 +6319,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4695 +#: book.translate.xml:4711 msgid "" "Wireless networks are identified by a Service Set Identifier (SSID), a short, unique name given to each network. SSIDsWPA2 encryption is strongly recommended " @@ -6355,7 +6370,7 @@ "(PSK)。考量安全性，輸入到輸入框的字元會以星號顯示。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4726 +#: book.translate.xml:4742 msgid "WPA2 Setup" msgstr "WPA2 設定" @@ -6364,7 +6379,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4730 +#: book.translate.xml:4746 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-wireless-wpa2setup' " @@ -6372,7 +6387,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4735 +#: book.translate.xml:4751 msgid "" "Next, choose whether or not an IPv4 address should be " "configured on the Ethernet or wireless interface:" @@ -6381,7 +6396,7 @@ "址：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4740 +#: book.translate.xml:4756 msgid "Choose IPv4 Networking" msgstr "選擇 IPv4 網路" @@ -6390,7 +6405,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4744 +#: book.translate.xml:4760 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv4' " @@ -6398,7 +6413,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4749 +#: book.translate.xml:4765 msgid "" "There are two methods of IPv4 configuration. " "DHCP will automatically configure the network interface " @@ -6411,7 +6426,7 @@ "手動輸入位址的資訊來做靜態設定。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:4757 +#: book.translate.xml:4773 msgid "" "Do not enter random network information as it will not work. If a " "DHCP server is not available, obtain the information " @@ -6423,7 +6438,7 @@ "列於 的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4764 +#: book.translate.xml:4780 msgid "" "If a DHCP server is available, select [ Yes ] in the next menu to automatically configure the network " @@ -6436,7 +6451,7 @@ "acronym> 伺服器並且取得系統的位址資訊時，安裝程式會出現一分鐘左右的停頓。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4772 +#: book.translate.xml:4788 msgid "Choose IPv4 DHCP Configuration" msgstr "選擇 IPv4 DHCP 設定" @@ -6445,7 +6460,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4777 +#: book.translate.xml:4793 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv4-dhcp' " @@ -6453,7 +6468,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4782 +#: book.translate.xml:4798 msgid "" "If a DHCP server is not available, select " "[ No ] and input the following addressing information " @@ -6463,7 +6478,7 @@ "guibutton> 然後在這個選單中輸入以下位址資訊：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4787 +#: book.translate.xml:4803 msgid "IPv4 Static Configuration" msgstr "IPv4 靜態位置設定" @@ -6472,7 +6487,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4791 +#: book.translate.xml:4807 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv4-static' " @@ -6480,7 +6495,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4798 +#: book.translate.xml:4814 msgid "" "IP Address - The IPv4 address assigned " "to this computer. The address must be unique and not already in use by " @@ -6490,12 +6505,12 @@ "acronym> 位址。位址必須獨一無二且不可已被其他在區域網路上的設備使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4805 +#: book.translate.xml:4821 msgid "Subnet Mask - The subnet mask for the network." msgstr "子網路遮罩 (Subnet Mask) - 網路的子網路遮罩。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4810 +#: book.translate.xml:4826 msgid "" "Default Router - The IP address of the " "network's default gateway." @@ -6504,7 +6519,7 @@ "在網段的預設閘道器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4816 +#: book.translate.xml:4832 msgid "" "The next screen will ask if the interface should be configured for " "IPv6. If IPv6 is available and " @@ -6514,7 +6529,7 @@ "要使用 IPv6，請選擇 [ Yes ]。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4822 +#: book.translate.xml:4838 msgid "Choose IPv6 Networking" msgstr "選擇 IPv6 網路" @@ -6523,7 +6538,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4826 +#: book.translate.xml:4842 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv6' " @@ -6531,7 +6546,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4831 +#: book.translate.xml:4847 msgid "" "IPv6 also has two methods of configuration. StateLess " "Address AutoConfiguration (SLAAC) will automatically " @@ -6547,7 +6562,7 @@ "則需要手動輸入網路資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4839 +#: book.translate.xml:4855 msgid "" "If an IPv6 router is available, select " "[ Yes ] in the next menu to automatically configure " @@ -6559,7 +6574,7 @@ "的位址資訊時，安裝程式會出現一分鐘左右的停頓。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4846 +#: book.translate.xml:4862 msgid "Choose IPv6 SLAAC Configuration" msgstr "選擇 IPv6 SLAAC 設定" @@ -6568,7 +6583,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4850 +#: book.translate.xml:4866 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-slaac' " @@ -6576,7 +6591,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4855 +#: book.translate.xml:4871 msgid "" "If an IPv6 router is not available, select " "[ No ] and input the following addressing information " @@ -6586,7 +6601,7 @@ "guibutton> 然後在這個選單中輸入以下位址資訊：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4860 +#: book.translate.xml:4876 msgid "IPv6 Static Configuration" msgstr "IPv6 靜態位置設定" @@ -6595,7 +6610,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4864 +#: book.translate.xml:4880 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv6-static' " @@ -6603,7 +6618,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4871 +#: book.translate.xml:4887 msgid "" "IPv6 Address - The IPv6 address " "assigned to this computer. The address must be unique and not already in use " @@ -6614,7 +6629,7 @@ "備使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4878 +#: book.translate.xml:4894 msgid "" "Default Router - The IPv6 address of " "the network's default gateway." @@ -6623,7 +6638,7 @@ "所在網段的預設閘道器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4884 +#: book.translate.xml:4900 msgid "" "The last network configuration menu is used to configure the Domain Name " "System (DNS) resolver, which converts hostnames to and " @@ -6646,7 +6661,7 @@ "DNS 伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4898 +#: book.translate.xml:4914 msgid "DNS Configuration" msgstr "DNS 設定" @@ -6655,7 +6670,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4902 +#: book.translate.xml:4918 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-ipv4-dns' " @@ -6663,12 +6678,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4909 +#: book.translate.xml:4925 msgid "Setting the Time Zone" msgstr "設定時區" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4911 +#: book.translate.xml:4927 msgid "" "The next menu asks if the system clock uses UTC or local " "time. When in doubt, select [ No ] to choose the more " @@ -6678,7 +6693,7 @@ "問時可選擇 [ No ]使用更常用的當地時間。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4917 +#: book.translate.xml:4933 msgid "Select Local or UTC Clock" msgstr "選擇本地或 UTC 時鐘" @@ -6687,7 +6702,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4921 +#: book.translate.xml:4937 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-set-clock-local-utc' md5='__failed__'" @@ -6694,7 +6709,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4926 +#: book.translate.xml:4942 msgid "" "The next series of menus are used to determine the correct local time by " "selecting the geographic region, country, and time zone. Setting the time " @@ -6707,7 +6722,7 @@ "能。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4933 +#: book.translate.xml:4949 msgid "" "The example shown here is for a machine located in the Eastern time zone of " "the United States. The selections will vary according to the geographical " @@ -6715,7 +6730,7 @@ msgstr "此處以位於美國東部時區的機器為例，選擇會依據地理位置不同改變。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4938 +#: book.translate.xml:4954 msgid "Select a Region" msgstr "選擇區域" @@ -6724,13 +6739,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4942 +#: book.translate.xml:4958 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-region' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4947 +#: book.translate.xml:4963 msgid "" "The appropriate region is selected using the arrow keys and then pressing " "Enter." @@ -6737,7 +6752,7 @@ msgstr "使用方向鍵選擇適當的區域然後按下 Enter。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4951 +#: book.translate.xml:4967 msgid "Select a Country" msgstr "選擇城市" @@ -6746,13 +6761,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4955 +#: book.translate.xml:4971 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-country' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4960 +#: book.translate.xml:4976 msgid "" "Select the appropriate country using the arrow keys and press Enter." @@ -6759,7 +6774,7 @@ msgstr "使用方向鍵選擇適當的城市然後按下 Enter。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4964 +#: book.translate.xml:4980 msgid "Select a Time Zone" msgstr "選擇時區" @@ -6768,13 +6783,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4968 +#: book.translate.xml:4984 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-zone' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4973 +#: book.translate.xml:4989 msgid "" "The appropriate time zone is selected using the arrow keys and pressing " "Enter." @@ -6781,7 +6796,7 @@ msgstr "使用方向鍵選擇適當的時區然後按下 Enter。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4977 +#: book.translate.xml:4993 msgid "Confirm Time Zone" msgstr "確認時區" @@ -6790,13 +6805,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4981 +#: book.translate.xml:4997 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-confirm' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4986 +#: book.translate.xml:5002 msgid "" "Confirm the abbreviation for the time zone is correct. If it is, press " "Enter to continue with the post-installation configuration." @@ -6804,12 +6819,12 @@ "確認時區的縮寫是否正確，若正確，按下 Enter 繼續安裝後設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4992 +#: book.translate.xml:5008 msgid "Enabling Services" msgstr "開啟服務" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4994 +#: book.translate.xml:5010 msgid "" "The next menu is used to configure which system services will be started " "whenever the system boots. All of these services are optional. Only start " @@ -6819,7 +6834,7 @@ "開啟系統運作真正需要的服務。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5000 +#: book.translate.xml:5016 msgid "Selecting Additional Services to Enable" msgstr "選擇要開啟的其他服務" @@ -6828,18 +6843,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5004 +#: book.translate.xml:5020 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-services' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5009 +#: book.translate.xml:5025 msgid "Here is a summary of the services which can be enabled in this menu:" msgstr "這是可以在這個選單開啟的服務摘要：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5014 +#: book.translate.xml:5030 msgid "" "sshd - The Secure Shell (SSH) daemon " "is used to remotely access a system over an encrypted connection. Only " @@ -6849,7 +6864,7 @@ "端透過加密的連線存取系統，只有在系統允許遠端登入時開啟這個服務。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5022 +#: book.translate.xml:5038 msgid "" "moused - Enable this service if the mouse will be used " "from the command-line system console." @@ -6858,7 +6873,7 @@ "務。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5028 +#: book.translate.xml:5044 msgid "" "ntpd - The Network Time Protocol (NTP) " "daemon for automatic clock synchronization. Enable this service if there is " @@ -6871,7 +6886,7 @@ "acronym> 伺服器時，可開啟此服務。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5036 +#: book.translate.xml:5052 msgid "" "powerd - System power control utility for power control " "and energy saving." @@ -6879,12 +6894,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5043 book.translate.xml:5051 +#: book.translate.xml:5059 book.translate.xml:5067 msgid "Enabling Crash Dumps" msgstr "開啟當機資訊 (Crash Dump)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5045 +#: book.translate.xml:5061 msgid "" "The next menu is used to configure whether or not crash dumps should be " "enabled. Enabling crash dumps can be useful in debugging issues with the " @@ -6898,18 +6913,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5055 +#: book.translate.xml:5071 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-crashdump' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5062 +#: book.translate.xml:5078 msgid "Add Users" msgstr "新增使用者" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5064 +#: book.translate.xml:5080 msgid "" "The next menu prompts to create at least one user account. It is recommended " "to login to the system using a user account rather than as [ Yes ] to add new users." msgstr "選擇 [ Yes ] 來新增新使用者。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5075 +#: book.translate.xml:5091 msgid "Add User Accounts" msgstr "新增使用者帳號" @@ -6938,13 +6953,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5079 +#: book.translate.xml:5095 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-adduser1' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5084 +#: book.translate.xml:5100 msgid "" "Follow the prompts and input the requested information for the user account. " "The example shown in creates the " @@ -6955,7 +6970,7 @@ "號。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5088 +#: book.translate.xml:5104 msgid "Enter User Information" msgstr "輸入使用者資訊" @@ -6964,18 +6979,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5092 +#: book.translate.xml:5108 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-adduser2' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5097 +#: book.translate.xml:5113 msgid "Here is a summary of the information to input:" msgstr "這裡是要輸入的資訊摘要：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5101 +#: book.translate.xml:5117 msgid "" "Username - The name the user will enter to log in. A " "common convention is to use the first letter of the first name combined with " @@ -6987,7 +7002,7 @@ "區分大小寫且不應含有任何空白字元。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5110 +#: book.translate.xml:5126 msgid "" "Full name - The user's full name. This can contain spaces " "and is used as a description for the user account." @@ -6996,7 +7011,7 @@ "用來描述該使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5116 +#: book.translate.xml:5132 msgid "" "Uid - User ID. Typically, this is left " "blank so the system will assign a value." @@ -7005,7 +7020,7 @@ "統會自動分配一個值。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5122 +#: book.translate.xml:5138 msgid "" "Login group - The user's group. Typically this is left " "blank to accept the default." @@ -7014,7 +7029,7 @@ "來使用預設值。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5127 +#: book.translate.xml:5143 msgid "" "Invite user into other groups? " "- Additional groups to which the user will be added as a member. If the user " @@ -7025,12 +7040,12 @@ "需要管理權限，則在此輸入 wheel。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5135 +#: book.translate.xml:5151 msgid "Login class - Typically left blank for the default." msgstr "登入類別 (Login class) - 通常會留空來使用預設值。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5140 +#: book.translate.xml:5156 msgid "" "Shell - Type in one of the listed values to set the " "interactive shell for the user. Refer to for more " @@ -7040,7 +7055,7 @@ "參考 取得更多有關 Shell 的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5147 +#: book.translate.xml:5163 msgid "" "Home directory - The user's home directory. The default " "is usually correct." @@ -7049,7 +7064,7 @@ "問題的。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5152 +#: book.translate.xml:5168 msgid "" "Home directory permissions - Permissions on the user's " "home directory. The default is usually correct." @@ -7058,7 +7073,7 @@ "限，預設值通常是沒有問題的。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5158 +#: book.translate.xml:5174 msgid "" "Use password-based authentication? - Typically " "yes so that the user is prompted to input their password " @@ -7068,7 +7083,7 @@ "literal>) - 通常為是 (yes)，使用者才可於登入時輸入密碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5164 +#: book.translate.xml:5180 msgid "" "Use an empty password? - Typically no " "as it is insecure to have a blank password." @@ -7077,7 +7092,7 @@ "(no)，因為使用空白密碼並不安全。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5170 +#: book.translate.xml:5186 msgid "" "Use a random password? - Typically no " "so that the user can set their own password in the next prompt." @@ -7086,7 +7101,7 @@ "(no)，這樣使用者接下來才可設定自己的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5176 +#: book.translate.xml:5192 msgid "" "Enter password - The password for this user. Characters " "typed will not show on the screen." @@ -7095,7 +7110,7 @@ "會顯示在畫面上。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5182 +#: book.translate.xml:5198 msgid "" "Enter password again - The password must be typed again " "for verification." @@ -7104,7 +7119,7 @@ "認無誤。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5187 +#: book.translate.xml:5203 msgid "" "Lock out the account after creation? - Typically " "no so that the user can login." @@ -7113,7 +7128,7 @@ "literal>) - 通常為否 (no)，這樣使用者才可以登入。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5193 +#: book.translate.xml:5209 msgid "" "After entering everything, a summary is shown for review. If a mistake was " "made, enter no and try again. If everything is correct, " @@ -7124,7 +7139,7 @@ "literal>) 以後便會建立新使用者。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5199 +#: book.translate.xml:5215 msgid "Exit User and Group Management" msgstr "離開使用者與群組管理" @@ -7133,13 +7148,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5203 +#: book.translate.xml:5219 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-adduser3' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5208 +#: book.translate.xml:5224 msgid "" "If there are more users to add, answer the Add another user? question with yes. Enter no " @@ -7150,7 +7165,7 @@ "literal>) 來完成加入使用者然後繼續安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5213 +#: book.translate.xml:5229 msgid "" "For more information on adding users and user management, see ." @@ -7160,12 +7175,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5218 book.translate.xml:5224 +#: book.translate.xml:5234 book.translate.xml:5240 msgid "Final Configuration" msgstr "最後設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5220 +#: book.translate.xml:5236 msgid "" "After everything has been installed and configured, a final chance is " "provided to modify settings." @@ -7176,7 +7191,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5228 +#: book.translate.xml:5244 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-finalconfiguration' md5='__failed__'" @@ -7183,7 +7198,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5233 +#: book.translate.xml:5249 msgid "" "Use this menu to make any changes or do any additional configuration before " "completing the installation." @@ -7190,7 +7205,7 @@ msgstr "使用這個選單在完成安裝前做任何更改或做任何額外的設定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5238 +#: book.translate.xml:5254 msgid "" "Add User - Described in ." @@ -7199,7 +7214,7 @@ "addusers\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5242 +#: book.translate.xml:5258 msgid "" "Root Password - Described in ." @@ -7208,7 +7223,7 @@ "\"bsdinstall-post-root\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5246 +#: book.translate.xml:5262 msgid "" "Hostname - Described in ." @@ -7217,7 +7232,7 @@ "hostname\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5250 +#: book.translate.xml:5266 msgid "" "Network - Described in ." @@ -7226,7 +7241,7 @@ "network-dev\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5254 +#: book.translate.xml:5270 msgid "" "Services - Described in ." @@ -7235,7 +7250,7 @@ "sysconf\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5258 +#: book.translate.xml:5274 msgid "" "Time Zone - Described in ." @@ -7244,13 +7259,13 @@ "timezone\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5262 +#: book.translate.xml:5278 msgid "" "Handbook - Download and install the FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "使用手冊 (Handbook) - 下載並安裝 FreeBSD 使用手冊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5267 +#: book.translate.xml:5283 msgid "" "After any final configuration is complete, select Exit." @@ -7258,7 +7273,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: figure/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5271 book.translate.xml:11391 +#: book.translate.xml:5287 book.translate.xml:11407 msgid "Manual Configuration" msgstr "手動設定" @@ -7267,7 +7282,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5275 +#: book.translate.xml:5291 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-final-modification-shell' " @@ -7275,7 +7290,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5280 +#: book.translate.xml:5296 msgid "" "bsdinstall will prompt if there are any " "additional configuration that needs to be done before rebooting into the new " @@ -7288,7 +7303,7 @@ "的 Shell 或 [ No ] 繼續最後的安裝步驟。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5289 +#: book.translate.xml:5305 msgid "Complete the Installation" msgstr "完成安裝" @@ -7297,13 +7312,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5293 +#: book.translate.xml:5309 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-mainexit' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5298 +#: book.translate.xml:5314 msgid "" "If further configuration or special setup is needed, select " "[ Live CD ] to boot the install media into Live " @@ -7313,7 +7328,7 @@ "進入安裝媒體的 Live CD 模式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5303 +#: book.translate.xml:5319 msgid "" "If the installation is complete, select [ Reboot ] to " "reboot the computer and start the new FreeBSD system. Do not forget to " @@ -7324,7 +7339,7 @@ "式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5309 +#: book.translate.xml:5325 msgid "" "As FreeBSD boots, informational messages are displayed. After the system " "finishes booting, a login prompt is displayed. At the login: 來取得當需要管理權限時如何成為超級使用者的說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5318 +#: book.translate.xml:5334 msgid "" "The messages that appeared during boot can be reviewed by pressing " "Scroll-Lock to turn on the scroll-back buffer. The " @@ -7358,7 +7373,7 @@ "列。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5330 +#: book.translate.xml:5346 msgid "" "If sshd was enabled in , the first boot may be a bit slower as the system will " @@ -7372,7 +7387,7 @@ "(Fingerprint)，如這個範例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5336 +#: book.translate.xml:5352 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Generating public/private rsa1 key pair.\n" @@ -7413,7 +7428,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5372 +#: book.translate.xml:5388 msgid "" "Refer to for more information about fingerprints " "and SSH." @@ -7422,7 +7437,7 @@ "acronym> 的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5375 +#: book.translate.xml:5391 msgid "" "FreeBSD does not install a graphical environment by default. Refer to for more information about installing and configuring a " @@ -7432,7 +7447,7 @@ "與設定圖型化視窗管理程式的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5379 +#: book.translate.xml:5395 msgid "" "Proper shutdown of a FreeBSD computer helps protect data and hardware from " "damage. Do not turn off the power before the system has been " @@ -7453,20 +7468,20 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:5392 book.translate.xml:12332 book.translate.xml:15088 -#: book.translate.xml:20247 book.translate.xml:35403 book.translate.xml:36173 -#: book.translate.xml:47834 book.translate.xml:51080 book.translate.xml:62173 -#: book.translate.xml:63828 book.translate.xml:64551 +#: book.translate.xml:5408 book.translate.xml:12348 book.translate.xml:15104 +#: book.translate.xml:20264 book.translate.xml:35420 book.translate.xml:36190 +#: book.translate.xml:47830 book.translate.xml:51076 book.translate.xml:62172 +#: book.translate.xml:63827 book.translate.xml:64550 msgid "Troubleshooting" msgstr "疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5394 +#: book.translate.xml:5410 msgid "installation troubleshooting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5398 +#: book.translate.xml:5414 msgid "" "This section covers basic installation troubleshooting, such as common " "problems people have reported." @@ -7473,7 +7488,7 @@ msgstr "本節涵蓋基礎的安裝疑難排解，例如一些已有人回報的常見問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5402 +#: book.translate.xml:5418 msgid "" "Check the Hardware Notes (http://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html) document for " @@ -7497,7 +7512,7 @@ "訴 FreeBSD 到那找到這些裝置。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:5416 +#: book.translate.xml:5432 msgid "" "Some installation problems can be avoided or alleviated by updating the " "firmware on various hardware components, most notably the motherboard. " @@ -7510,7 +7525,7 @@ "得升級程式與升級資訊。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:5423 +#: book.translate.xml:5439 msgid "" "Manufacturers generally advise against upgrading the motherboard " "BIOS unless there is a good reason for doing so, like a " @@ -7520,7 +7535,7 @@ "製造商通常會建議若沒有特殊原因盡量避免升級主機板 BIOS" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5431 +#: book.translate.xml:5447 msgid "" "If the system hangs while probing hardware during boot, or it behaves " "strangely during install, ACPI may be the culprit. " @@ -7540,13 +7555,13 @@ "disabled Hint 來關閉 ACPI：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5443 +#: book.translate.xml:5459 #, no-wrap msgid "set hint.acpi.0.disabled=\"1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5445 +#: book.translate.xml:5461 msgid "" "This is reset each time the system is booted, so it is necessary to add " "hint.acpi.0.disabled=\"1\" to the file /boot/" @@ -7558,12 +7573,12 @@ "機載入程式的資訊可於 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:5452 +#: book.translate.xml:5468 msgid "Using the Live CD" msgstr "使用 Live CD" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5454 +#: book.translate.xml:5470 msgid "" "The welcome menu of bsdinstall, shown in , provides a [ Live CD ][ Live CD ]:" @@ -7584,7 +7599,7 @@ msgstr "在使用 [ Live CD ] 之前必須注意以下幾點事項：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5466 +#: book.translate.xml:5482 msgid "" "To gain access to the system, authentication is required. The username is " "root and the password is blank." @@ -7593,7 +7608,7 @@ "\">root 而密碼則是空白。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5472 +#: book.translate.xml:5488 msgid "" "As the system runs directly from the installation media, performance will be " "significantly slower than that of a system installed on a hard disk." @@ -7600,18 +7615,18 @@ msgstr "系統是直接從安裝媒體上執行，比起安裝到硬碟的系統，效能可能較差。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5478 +#: book.translate.xml:5494 msgid "" "This option only provides a command prompt and not a graphical interface." msgstr "這個選項只提供指令提示，不會有圖型化介面。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:5503 +#: book.translate.xml:5519 msgid "FreeBSD Basics" msgstr "FreeBSD 基礎" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5508 +#: book.translate.xml:5524 msgid "" "This chapter covers the basic commands and functionality of the FreeBSD " "operating system. Much of this material is relevant for any UNIX file permissions and " "FreeBSD file flags work." @@ -7643,68 +7658,68 @@ "記的運作方式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5531 +#: book.translate.xml:5547 msgid "The default FreeBSD file system layout." msgstr "預設的 FreeBSD 檔案系統配置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5535 +#: book.translate.xml:5551 msgid "The FreeBSD disk organization." msgstr "FreeBSD 的磁碟組織。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5539 +#: book.translate.xml:5555 msgid "How to mount and unmount file systems." msgstr "如何掛載 (Mount)、卸載 (Umount) 檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5543 +#: book.translate.xml:5559 msgid "What processes, daemons, and signals are." msgstr "什麼是程序、Daemon 以及信號 (Signal)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5547 +#: book.translate.xml:5563 msgid "What a shell is, and how to change the default login environment." msgstr "什麼是 Shell，以及如何變更您預設的登入環境。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5552 +#: book.translate.xml:5568 msgid "How to use basic text editors." msgstr "如何使用基本的文字編輯器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5556 +#: book.translate.xml:5572 msgid "What devices and device nodes are." msgstr "什麼是裝置 (Device) 和裝置節點 (Device node)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5560 +#: book.translate.xml:5576 msgid "How to read manual pages for more information." msgstr "如何閱讀操作手冊以獲得更多的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:5566 +#: book.translate.xml:5582 msgid "Virtual Consoles and Terminals" msgstr "虛擬 Console 與終端機" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5568 +#: book.translate.xml:5584 msgid "virtual consoles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5571 book.translate.xml:47116 +#: book.translate.xml:5587 book.translate.xml:47112 msgid "terminals" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5574 book.translate.xml:23229 +#: book.translate.xml:5590 book.translate.xml:23246 msgid "console" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5578 +#: book.translate.xml:5594 msgid "" "Unless FreeBSD has been configured to automatically start a graphical " "environment during startup, the system will boot into a command line login " @@ -7714,7 +7729,7 @@ "是這樣的東西：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5583 +#: book.translate.xml:5599 #, no-wrap msgid "" "FreeBSD/amd64 (pc3.example.org) (ttyv0)\n" @@ -7723,7 +7738,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5587 +#: book.translate.xml:5603 msgid "" "The first line contains some information about the system. The " "amd64 indicates that the system in this example is " @@ -7737,7 +7752,7 @@ "quote>。第二行則是登人的提示訊息。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5595 +#: book.translate.xml:5611 msgid "" "Since FreeBSD is a multiuser system, it needs some way to distinguish " "between different users. This is accomplished by requiring every user to log " @@ -7751,7 +7766,7 @@ "(password)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5602 +#: book.translate.xml:5618 msgid "" "To log into the system console, type the username that was configured during " "system installation, as described in 在畫面上。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5610 +#: book.translate.xml:5626 msgid "" "Once the correct password is input, the message of the day (MOTD) will be displayed followed by a command prompt. Depending upon the " @@ -7781,12 +7796,12 @@ "Console 且已經準備好可以下指令。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5620 +#: book.translate.xml:5636 msgid "Virtual Consoles" msgstr "虛擬 Console" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5622 +#: book.translate.xml:5638 msgid "" "While the system console can be used to interact with the system, a user " "working from the command line at the keyboard of a FreeBSD system will " @@ -7800,7 +7815,7 @@ "這些訊些會在使用者作業的過程中不斷出現，讓使用者難以專心作業。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5631 +#: book.translate.xml:5647 msgid "" "By default, FreeBSD is configured to provide several virtual consoles for " "inputting commands. Each virtual console has its own login prompt and shell " @@ -7813,7 +7828,7 @@ "於圖型化環境中可以同時開啟多個視窗的功能。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5638 +#: book.translate.xml:5654 msgid "" "The key combinations AltF1 through AltF8ttyv2)，以此類推。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5654 +#: book.translate.xml:5670 msgid "" "When switching from one console to the next, FreeBSD manages the screen " "output. The result is an illusion of having multiple virtual screens and " @@ -7848,7 +7863,7 @@ "Console 上執行的程式並不會因為使用者切到別的 Console 而停止執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5661 +#: book.translate.xml:5677 msgid "" "Refer to kbdcontrol1, " @@ -7870,7 +7885,7 @@ "citerefentry> 來取得更多有關 FreeBSD Console 及鍵盤驅動程式的技術說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5666 +#: book.translate.xml:5682 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, the number of available virtual consoles is configured in this " "section of /etc/ttys:" @@ -7879,7 +7894,7 @@ "列章節：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5670 +#: book.translate.xml:5686 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# name getty type status comments\n" @@ -7897,7 +7912,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5684 +#: book.translate.xml:5700 msgid "" "To disable a virtual console, put a comment symbol (#) at " "the beginning of the line representing that virtual console. For example, to " @@ -7919,7 +7934,7 @@ "個虛擬 Console (ttyv8)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5698 +#: book.translate.xml:5714 msgid "" "For a detailed description of every column in this file and the available " "options for the virtual consoles, refer to " @@ -7930,12 +7945,12 @@ "refentrytitle>5 說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5704 +#: book.translate.xml:5720 msgid "Single User Mode" msgstr "單使用者模式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5706 +#: book.translate.xml:5722 msgid "" "The FreeBSD boot menu provides an option labelled as Boot Single " "User. If this option is selected, the system will boot into a " @@ -7960,7 +7975,7 @@ "鍵盤的人員。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5722 +#: book.translate.xml:5738 msgid "" "The settings which control single user mode are found in this section of " "/etc/ttys:" @@ -7969,7 +7984,7 @@ "到：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5725 +#: book.translate.xml:5741 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# name getty type status comments\n" @@ -7980,7 +7995,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5731 +#: book.translate.xml:5747 msgid "" "By default, the status is set to secure. This assumes " "that who has physical access to the keyboard is either not important or it " @@ -7999,7 +8014,7 @@ "碼。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:5743 +#: book.translate.xml:5759 msgid "" "Be careful when changing this setting to insecure! If the root " @@ -8012,12 +8027,12 @@ "有其他辦法可以登入單使用者模式，只是對不熟 FreeBSD 開機程序的人可就麻煩了。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5753 +#: book.translate.xml:5769 msgid "Changing Console Video Modes" msgstr "更改 Console 影像模式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5755 +#: book.translate.xml:5771 msgid "" "The FreeBSD console default video mode may be adjusted to 1024x768, " "1280x1024, or any other size supported by the graphics chip and monitor. To " @@ -8028,13 +8043,13 @@ "組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5760 +#: book.translate.xml:5776 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload vesa" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5762 +#: book.translate.xml:5778 msgid "" "To determine which video modes are supported by the hardware, use " "vidcontrol1# vidcontrol -i mode" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5768 +#: book.translate.xml:5784 msgid "" "The output of this command lists the video modes that are supported by the " "hardware. To select a new video mode, specify the mode using " @@ -8066,13 +8081,13 @@ "manvolnum> 指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5773 +#: book.translate.xml:5789 #, no-wrap msgid "# vidcontrol MODE_279" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5775 +#: book.translate.xml:5791 msgid "" "If the new video mode is acceptable, it can be permanently set on boot by " "adding it to /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -8081,18 +8096,18 @@ "次重開機後會自動生效：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5779 +#: book.translate.xml:5795 #, no-wrap msgid "allscreens_flags=\"MODE_279\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:5796 +#: book.translate.xml:5812 msgid "Users and Basic Account Management" msgstr "使用者與基礎帳號管理" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5798 +#: book.translate.xml:5814 msgid "" "FreeBSD allows multiple users to use the computer at the same time. While " "only one user can sit in front of the screen and use the keyboard at any one " @@ -8104,22 +8119,22 @@ "用者應有自己的帳號。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5804 +#: book.translate.xml:5820 msgid "This chapter describes:" msgstr "本章介紹︰" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5808 +#: book.translate.xml:5824 msgid "The different types of user accounts on a FreeBSD system." msgstr "FreeBSD 系統中各種類型的使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5813 +#: book.translate.xml:5829 msgid "How to add, remove, and modify user accounts." msgstr "如何加入、移除與修改使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5817 +#: book.translate.xml:5833 msgid "" "How to set limits to control the resources that users and groups are allowed " "to access." @@ -8126,17 +8141,17 @@ msgstr "如何設定用來控制使用者與群組允許存取的資源的限制。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5823 +#: book.translate.xml:5839 msgid "How to create groups and add users as members of a group." msgstr "如何建立群組與加入使用者作為群組成員。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5829 +#: book.translate.xml:5845 msgid "Account Types" msgstr "帳號類型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5831 +#: book.translate.xml:5847 msgid "" "Since all access to the FreeBSD system is achieved using accounts and all " "processes are run by users, user and account management is important." @@ -8145,7 +8160,7 @@ "者來執行，因此使用者帳號管理非常重要。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5835 +#: book.translate.xml:5851 msgid "" "There are three main types of accounts: system accounts, user accounts, and " "the superuser account." @@ -8152,17 +8167,17 @@ msgstr "有三種主要類型的帳號：系統帳號、使用者帳號以及超級使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:5839 +#: book.translate.xml:5855 msgid "System Accounts" msgstr "系統帳號" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5841 +#: book.translate.xml:5857 msgid "accounts system" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5846 +#: book.translate.xml:5862 msgid "" "System accounts are used to run services such as DNS, mail, and web servers. " "The reason for this is security; if all services ran as the superuser, they " @@ -8172,7 +8187,7 @@ "若所有的服務均以超級使用者來執行，那麼這些服務的運作將不會受到限制。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5851 +#: book.translate.xml:5867 msgid "" "accounts daemon" @@ -8179,7 +8194,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5855 +#: book.translate.xml:5871 msgid "" "accounts operator" @@ -8186,7 +8201,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5860 +#: book.translate.xml:5876 msgid "" "Examples of system accounts are daemon, operator, " @@ -8200,7 +8215,7 @@ "systemitem>, and www。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5867 +#: book.translate.xml:5883 msgid "" "accounts nobody" @@ -8207,7 +8222,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5872 +#: book.translate.xml:5888 msgid "" "nobody is the generic " "unprivileged system account. However, the more services that use accounts user" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5888 +#: book.translate.xml:5904 msgid "" "User accounts are assigned to real people and are used to log in and use the " "system. Every person accessing the system should have a unique user account. " @@ -8243,7 +8258,7 @@ "的設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5894 +#: book.translate.xml:5910 msgid "" "Each user can set up their own environment to accommodate their use of the " "system, by configuring their default shell, editor, key bindings, and " @@ -8253,7 +8268,7 @@ "編輯器、組合鍵 (Key Binding) 及語言設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5899 +#: book.translate.xml:5915 msgid "" "Every user account on a FreeBSD system has certain information associated " "with it:" @@ -8260,12 +8275,12 @@ msgstr "每個在 FreeBSD 系統的使用者帳號都會有一些相關的資訊：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5904 +#: book.translate.xml:5920 msgid "User name" msgstr "使用者名稱 (User name)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5907 +#: book.translate.xml:5923 msgid "" "The user name is typed at the login: prompt. Each user must " "have a unique user name. There are a number of rules for creating valid user " @@ -8281,22 +8296,22 @@ "元以向下相容應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5919 +#: book.translate.xml:5935 msgid "Password" msgstr "密碼 (Password)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5922 +#: book.translate.xml:5938 msgid "Each account has an associated password." msgstr "每個帳號都會有密碼。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5927 +#: book.translate.xml:5943 msgid "User ID (UID)" msgstr "使用者 ID (UID)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5930 +#: book.translate.xml:5946 msgid "" "The User ID (UID) is a number used to uniquely identify " "the user to the FreeBSD system. Commands that allow a user name to be " @@ -8310,12 +8325,12 @@ "體的相容性問題。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5941 +#: book.translate.xml:5957 msgid "Group ID (GID)" msgstr "群組 ID (GID)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5944 +#: book.translate.xml:5960 msgid "" "The Group ID (GID) is a number used to uniquely identify " "the primary group that the user belongs to. Groups are a mechanism for " @@ -8332,12 +8347,12 @@ "的 GID 可能會讓部份軟體無法運作。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5958 +#: book.translate.xml:5974 msgid "Login class" msgstr "登入類別 (Login class)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5961 +#: book.translate.xml:5977 msgid "" "Login classes are an extension to the group mechanism that provide " "additional flexibility when tailoring the system to different users. Login " @@ -8347,12 +8362,12 @@ "的彈性。在 有對登入類別更進一步的討論。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5970 +#: book.translate.xml:5986 msgid "Password change time" msgstr "密碼更改時間 (Password change time)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5973 +#: book.translate.xml:5989 msgid "" "By default, passwords do not expire. However, password expiration can be " "enabled on a per-user basis, forcing some or all users to change their " @@ -8362,12 +8377,12 @@ "或所有使用者在某段期間過後更改他們的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5982 +#: book.translate.xml:5998 msgid "Account expiration time" msgstr "帳號到期時間 (Account expiration time)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5985 +#: book.translate.xml:6001 msgid "" "By default, FreeBSD does not expire accounts. When creating accounts that " "need a limited lifespan, such as student accounts in a school, specify the " @@ -8382,12 +8397,12 @@ "期日期過後，便無法使用該帳號登入到系統，儘管該帳號的目錄及檔案仍存在。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5996 +#: book.translate.xml:6012 msgid "User's full name" msgstr "使用者的全名 (User's full name)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5999 +#: book.translate.xml:6015 msgid "" "The user name uniquely identifies the account to FreeBSD, but does not " "necessarily reflect the user's real name. Similar to a comment, this " @@ -8398,12 +8413,12 @@ "名。類似註解，這個資訊可以含有空白、大寫字元並可超過 8 個字母的長度。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:6008 +#: book.translate.xml:6024 msgid "Home directory" msgstr "家目錄 (Home directory)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:6011 +#: book.translate.xml:6027 msgid "" "The home directory is the full path to a directory on the system. This is " "the user's starting directory when the user logs in. A common convention is " @@ -8418,12 +8433,12 @@ "filename>。每位使用者可以儲存他們的個人檔案及子目錄於他們自己的家目錄。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:6022 +#: book.translate.xml:6038 msgid "User shell" msgstr "使用者 Shell (User shell)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:6025 +#: book.translate.xml:6041 msgid "" "The shell provides the user's default environment for interacting with the " "system. There are many different kinds of shells and experienced users will " @@ -8433,17 +8448,17 @@ "用者會有自己偏好的選擇，可儲存在自己的帳號設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6036 +#: book.translate.xml:6052 msgid "The Superuser Account" msgstr "超級使用者帳號" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6038 +#: book.translate.xml:6054 msgid "accounts superuser (root)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6043 +#: book.translate.xml:6059 msgid "" "The superuser account, usually called root, is used to manage the system with no limitations on privileges. " @@ -8455,7 +8470,7 @@ "如：寄信與收信、系統的一般探索或程式設計。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6050 +#: book.translate.xml:6066 msgid "" "The superuser, unlike other user accounts, can operate without limits, and " "misuse of the superuser account may result in spectacular disasters. User " @@ -8468,7 +8483,7 @@ "登入一般使用者帳號，只有在指令需要額外權限時切換為超級使用者。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6058 +#: book.translate.xml:6074 msgid "" "Always double and triple-check any commands issued as the superuser, since " "an extra space or missing character can mean irreparable data loss." @@ -8477,7 +8492,7 @@ "著無法挽回的資料遺失。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6062 +#: book.translate.xml:6078 msgid "" "There are several ways to gain superuser privilege. While one can log in as " "root, this is highly discouraged." @@ -8486,7 +8501,7 @@ "\"username\">root，但強烈不建議這樣做。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6067 +#: book.translate.xml:6083 msgid "" "Instead, use su1 to become the superuser. If - " @@ -8504,7 +8519,7 @@ "的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6077 +#: book.translate.xml:6093 msgid "" "In this example, the user only becomes superuser in order to run " "make install as this step requires superuser privilege. " @@ -8516,12 +8531,12 @@ "exit 離開超級使用者帳號並返回他的使用者帳號權限。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6085 +#: book.translate.xml:6101 msgid "Install a Program As the Superuser" msgstr "以超級使用者的身份安裝程式" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6087 +#: book.translate.xml:6103 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% configure\n" @@ -8534,7 +8549,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6096 +#: book.translate.xml:6112 msgid "" "The built-in su1 framework works well for single systems or small " @@ -8549,17 +8564,17 @@ "體提供了活動記錄且允許管理者設定那個使用者可以用超級使用者執行那個指令。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:6107 +#: book.translate.xml:6123 msgid "Managing Accounts" msgstr "管理帳號" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6109 +#: book.translate.xml:6125 msgid "accounts modifying" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6114 +#: book.translate.xml:6130 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides a variety of different commands to manage user accounts. " "The most common commands are summarized in adduser8" @@ -8594,12 +8609,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6136 +#: book.translate.xml:6152 msgid "The recommended command-line application for adding new users." msgstr "建議用來新增新使用者的指令列應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6141 +#: book.translate.xml:6157 msgid "" "rmuser8" @@ -8606,12 +8621,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6142 +#: book.translate.xml:6158 msgid "The recommended command-line application for removing users." msgstr "建議用來移除使用者的指令列應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6147 +#: book.translate.xml:6163 msgid "" "chpass1" @@ -8618,12 +8633,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6148 +#: book.translate.xml:6164 msgid "A flexible tool for changing user database information." msgstr "用來更改使用者資料庫資訊的工具。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6153 +#: book.translate.xml:6169 msgid "" "passwd1" @@ -8630,12 +8645,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6154 +#: book.translate.xml:6170 msgid "The command-line tool to change user passwords." msgstr "用來更改使用者密碼的指令列工具。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6159 +#: book.translate.xml:6175 msgid "" "pw8" @@ -8642,39 +8657,39 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6160 +#: book.translate.xml:6176 msgid "" "A powerful and flexible tool for modifying all aspects of user accounts." msgstr "用來修改使用者帳號各方面資訊強大且靈活的工具。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6168 +#: book.translate.xml:6184 msgid "adduser" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6170 +#: book.translate.xml:6186 msgid "accounts adding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6174 book.translate.xml:43189 +#: book.translate.xml:6190 book.translate.xml:43185 msgid "adduser" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6177 +#: book.translate.xml:6193 msgid "/usr/share/skel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6180 +#: book.translate.xml:6196 msgid "skeleton directory" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6184 +#: book.translate.xml:6200 msgid "" "The recommended program for adding new users is " "adduser8adduser8 utility is interactive and walks through the steps " @@ -8716,12 +8731,12 @@ "離開。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6206 +#: book.translate.xml:6222 msgid "Adding a User on FreeBSD" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 新增使用者" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6208 +#: book.translate.xml:6224 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# adduser\n" @@ -8757,7 +8772,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:6241 +#: book.translate.xml:6257 msgid "" "Since the password is not echoed when typed, be careful to not mistype the " "password when creating the user account." @@ -8764,22 +8779,22 @@ msgstr "由於密碼在輸入時並不會顯示，在建立使用者帳號時要小心密碼不要輸入錯誤。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6248 +#: book.translate.xml:6264 msgid "rmuser" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6250 +#: book.translate.xml:6266 msgid "rmuser" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6253 +#: book.translate.xml:6269 msgid "accounts removing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6258 +#: book.translate.xml:6274 msgid "" "To completely remove a user from the system, run " "rmuser8。這個指令會執行以下步驟：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6264 +#: book.translate.xml:6280 msgid "" "Removes the user's crontab1 entry, if one exists." @@ -8799,7 +8814,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1 項目，若項目存在。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6269 +#: book.translate.xml:6285 msgid "" "Removes any at1 jobs belonging to the user." @@ -8808,23 +8823,23 @@ "refentrytitle>1 工作。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6274 +#: book.translate.xml:6290 msgid "Kills all processes owned by the user." msgstr "中止所有該使用者擁有的程序。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6278 +#: book.translate.xml:6294 msgid "Removes the user from the system's local password file." msgstr "自系統本地密碼檔移除該使用者。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6283 +#: book.translate.xml:6299 msgid "" "Optionally removes the user's home directory, if it is owned by the user." msgstr "選擇性移除該使用者的家目錄，若使用者擁有該目錄。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6288 +#: book.translate.xml:6304 msgid "" "Removes the incoming mail files belonging to the user from /var/" "mail." @@ -8831,7 +8846,7 @@ msgstr "自 /var/mail 移除屬於該使用者的收件郵件檔。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6293 +#: book.translate.xml:6309 msgid "" "Removes all files owned by the user from temporary file storage areas such " "as /tmp." @@ -8839,7 +8854,7 @@ "自暫存檔儲存區域 (如 /tmp) 移除所有使用者擁有的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6299 +#: book.translate.xml:6315 msgid "" "Finally, removes the username from all groups to which it belongs in " "/etc/group. If a group becomes empty and the group name " @@ -8853,7 +8868,7 @@ "manvolnum> 替每位使用者建立獨一無二的群組。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6308 +#: book.translate.xml:6324 msgid "" "rmuser8 cannot be used to remove superuser accounts since that is " @@ -8863,18 +8878,18 @@ "citerefentry> 無法用來移除超級使用者帳號，因為這幾乎代表著大規模破壞。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6312 +#: book.translate.xml:6328 msgid "" "By default, an interactive mode is used, as shown in the following example." msgstr "預設會使用互動式模式，如下範例所示。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6316 +#: book.translate.xml:6332 msgid "rmuser Interactive Account Removal" msgstr "rmuser 互動式帳號移除" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6319 +#: book.translate.xml:6335 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# rmuser jru\n" @@ -8887,17 +8902,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6330 +#: book.translate.xml:6346 msgid "chpass" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6332 +#: book.translate.xml:6348 msgid "chpass" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6336 +#: book.translate.xml:6352 msgid "" "Any user can use chpass1 to change their " @@ -8911,7 +8926,7 @@ "者的其他帳號資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6341 +#: book.translate.xml:6357 msgid "" "When passed no options, aside from an optional username, " "chpass1, the superuser has typed " "chpass jru and is now viewing the fields that can be " @@ -8947,12 +8962,12 @@ "個欄位供編輯，如 所示。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6361 +#: book.translate.xml:6377 msgid "Using chpass as Superuser" msgstr "以超級使用者的身份使用 chpass" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6364 +#: book.translate.xml:6380 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#Changing user database information for jru.\n" @@ -8973,12 +8988,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6382 +#: book.translate.xml:6398 msgid "Using chpass as Regular User" msgstr "以一般使用者的身份使用 chpass" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6385 +#: book.translate.xml:6401 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#Changing user database information for jru.\n" @@ -8991,7 +9006,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:6395 +#: book.translate.xml:6411 msgid "" "The commands chfn1 and chsh 中有說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6405 +#: book.translate.xml:6421 msgid "passwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6407 +#: book.translate.xml:6423 msgid "passwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6410 +#: book.translate.xml:6426 msgid "accounts changing password" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6415 +#: book.translate.xml:6431 msgid "" "Any user can easily change their password using " "passwd1% passwd\n" @@ -9065,7 +9080,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6432 +#: book.translate.xml:6448 msgid "" "The superuser can change any user's password by specifying the username when " "running passwd1# passwd jru\n" @@ -9096,7 +9111,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:6452 +#: book.translate.xml:6468 msgid "" "As with chpass1, yppasswd，因此 NIS 在兩個指令上皆可運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6459 +#: book.translate.xml:6475 msgid "pw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6461 book.translate.xml:43212 +#: book.translate.xml:6477 book.translate.xml:43208 msgid "pw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6465 +#: book.translate.xml:6481 msgid "" "The pw8 utility can create, remove, modify, and display users and " @@ -9140,27 +9155,27 @@ "本節的指令要複雜許多。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:6476 +#: book.translate.xml:6492 msgid "Managing Groups" msgstr "管理群組" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6478 +#: book.translate.xml:6494 msgid "groups" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6481 +#: book.translate.xml:6497 msgid "/etc/groups" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6484 +#: book.translate.xml:6500 msgid "accounts groups" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6489 +#: book.translate.xml:6505 msgid "" "A group is a list of users. A group is identified by its group name and " "GID. In FreeBSD, the kernel uses the UIDGID mapping is listed in /etc/" "group. This is a plain text file with four colon-delimited " @@ -9192,7 +9207,7 @@ "citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6504 +#: book.translate.xml:6520 msgid "" "The superuser can modify /etc/group using a text " "editor. Alternatively, pwteamtwo 的群組然後確認該群組已新增：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6511 +#: book.translate.xml:6527 msgid "" "Adding a Group Using pw8" @@ -9215,7 +9230,7 @@ "manvolnum> 新增群組" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6513 +#: book.translate.xml:6529 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pw groupadd teamtwo\n" @@ -9224,7 +9239,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6518 +#: book.translate.xml:6534 msgid "" "In this example, 1100 is the GID of " "teamtwo. Right now, teamtwo 的成員。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6527 +#: book.translate.xml:6543 msgid "" "Adding User Accounts to a New Group Using pw8" @@ -9248,7 +9263,7 @@ "manvolnum> 加入使用者帳號到新的群組" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6530 +#: book.translate.xml:6546 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pw groupmod teamtwo -M jru\n" @@ -9257,7 +9272,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6535 +#: book.translate.xml:6551 msgid "" "The argument to is a comma-delimited list of users to be " "added to a new (empty) group or to replace the members of an existing group. " @@ -9284,7 +9299,7 @@ "filename> 且不會嘗試自 /etc/passwd 讀取其他的資料。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6549 +#: book.translate.xml:6565 msgid "" "Adding a New Member to a Group Using pw8" @@ -9293,7 +9308,7 @@ "manvolnum> 加入新成員到群組" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6551 +#: book.translate.xml:6567 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pw groupmod teamtwo -m db\n" @@ -9302,7 +9317,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6556 +#: book.translate.xml:6572 msgid "" "In this example, the argument to is a comma-delimited " "list of users who are to be added to the group. Unlike the previous example, " @@ -9314,7 +9329,7 @@ "者。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6563 +#: book.translate.xml:6579 msgid "" "Using id1 to Determine Group Membership" @@ -9323,7 +9338,7 @@ "manvolnum> 來查看所屬群組" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6565 +#: book.translate.xml:6581 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% id jru\n" @@ -9331,7 +9346,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6569 +#: book.translate.xml:6585 msgid "" "In this example, jru is a member " "of the groups jru and " @@ -9342,7 +9357,7 @@ "\">teamtwo 的成員。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6574 +#: book.translate.xml:6590 msgid "" "For more information about this command and the format of /etc/" "group, refer to pw5。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:6581 +#: book.translate.xml:6597 msgid "Permissions" msgstr "權限" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6583 +#: book.translate.xml:6599 msgid "UNIX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6587 +#: book.translate.xml:6603 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, every file and directory has an associated set of permissions " "and several utilities are available for viewing and modifying these " @@ -9380,7 +9395,7 @@ "無法不正確的存取供作業系統或其他使用者擁有的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6595 +#: book.translate.xml:6611 msgid "" "This section discusses the traditional UNIX permissions used in FreeBSD. For finer grained file system access " @@ -9391,7 +9406,7 @@ ">。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6599 +#: book.translate.xml:6615 msgid "" "In UNIX, basic permissions are " "assigned using three types of access: read, write, and execute. These access " @@ -9415,7 +9430,7 @@ "literal> 以及 x 開啟的值為 1。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6614 +#: book.translate.xml:6630 msgid "" "Table 4.1 summarizes the possible numeric and alphabetic possibilities. When " "reading the Directory Listing column, a - " @@ -9425,171 +9440,171 @@ "位時，- 用來代表該權限設為關閉。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6619 +#: book.translate.xml:6635 msgid "permissions" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6622 +#: book.translate.xml:6638 msgid "file permissions" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:6627 +#: book.translate.xml:6643 msgid "UNIX Permissions" msgstr "UNIX 權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6632 +#: book.translate.xml:6648 msgid "Value" msgstr "數值" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6633 +#: book.translate.xml:6649 msgid "Permission" msgstr "權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6634 +#: book.translate.xml:6650 msgid "Directory Listing" msgstr "目錄清單標示" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6640 +#: book.translate.xml:6656 msgid "0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6641 +#: book.translate.xml:6657 msgid "No read, no write, no execute" msgstr "不可讀取, 不可寫入, 不可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6642 +#: book.translate.xml:6658 msgid "---" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6646 book.translate.xml:46814 book.translate.xml:46836 -#: book.translate.xml:46926 +#: book.translate.xml:6662 book.translate.xml:46810 book.translate.xml:46832 +#: book.translate.xml:46922 msgid "1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6647 +#: book.translate.xml:6663 msgid "No read, no write, execute" msgstr "不可讀取, 不可寫入, 可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6648 +#: book.translate.xml:6664 msgid "--x" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6652 book.translate.xml:46706 book.translate.xml:46716 -#: book.translate.xml:46788 book.translate.xml:46798 book.translate.xml:46878 -#: book.translate.xml:46880 +#: book.translate.xml:6668 book.translate.xml:46702 book.translate.xml:46712 +#: book.translate.xml:46784 book.translate.xml:46794 book.translate.xml:46874 +#: book.translate.xml:46876 msgid "2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6653 +#: book.translate.xml:6669 msgid "No read, write, no execute" msgstr "不可讀取, 可寫入, 不可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6654 +#: book.translate.xml:6670 msgid "-w-" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6658 book.translate.xml:46708 book.translate.xml:46714 -#: book.translate.xml:46790 book.translate.xml:46796 book.translate.xml:46886 -#: book.translate.xml:46888 +#: book.translate.xml:6674 book.translate.xml:46704 book.translate.xml:46710 +#: book.translate.xml:46786 book.translate.xml:46792 book.translate.xml:46882 +#: book.translate.xml:46884 msgid "3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6659 +#: book.translate.xml:6675 msgid "No read, write, execute" msgstr "不可讀取, 可寫入, 可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6660 +#: book.translate.xml:6676 msgid "-wx" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6664 book.translate.xml:46722 book.translate.xml:46732 -#: book.translate.xml:46804 book.translate.xml:46812 book.translate.xml:46830 -#: book.translate.xml:46838 book.translate.xml:46894 book.translate.xml:46902 -#: book.translate.xml:46944 +#: book.translate.xml:6680 book.translate.xml:46718 book.translate.xml:46728 +#: book.translate.xml:46800 book.translate.xml:46808 book.translate.xml:46826 +#: book.translate.xml:46834 book.translate.xml:46890 book.translate.xml:46898 +#: book.translate.xml:46940 msgid "4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6665 +#: book.translate.xml:6681 msgid "Read, no write, no execute" msgstr "可讀取, 不可寫入, 不可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6666 +#: book.translate.xml:6682 msgid "r--" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6670 book.translate.xml:46724 book.translate.xml:46730 -#: book.translate.xml:46820 book.translate.xml:46822 book.translate.xml:46910 -#: book.translate.xml:46936 +#: book.translate.xml:6686 book.translate.xml:46720 book.translate.xml:46726 +#: book.translate.xml:46816 book.translate.xml:46818 book.translate.xml:46906 +#: book.translate.xml:46932 msgid "5" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6671 +#: book.translate.xml:6687 msgid "Read, no write, execute" msgstr "可讀取, 不可寫入, 可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6672 +#: book.translate.xml:6688 msgid "r-x" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6676 book.translate.xml:46740 book.translate.xml:46754 -#: book.translate.xml:46806 book.translate.xml:46828 book.translate.xml:46896 -#: book.translate.xml:46918 +#: book.translate.xml:6692 book.translate.xml:46736 book.translate.xml:46750 +#: book.translate.xml:46802 book.translate.xml:46824 book.translate.xml:46892 +#: book.translate.xml:46914 msgid "6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6677 +#: book.translate.xml:6693 msgid "Read, write, no execute" msgstr "可讀取, 可寫入, 不可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6678 +#: book.translate.xml:6694 msgid "rw-" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6682 book.translate.xml:46698 book.translate.xml:46700 -#: book.translate.xml:46844 book.translate.xml:46854 book.translate.xml:46912 -#: book.translate.xml:46934 +#: book.translate.xml:6698 book.translate.xml:46694 book.translate.xml:46696 +#: book.translate.xml:46840 book.translate.xml:46850 book.translate.xml:46908 +#: book.translate.xml:46930 msgid "7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6683 +#: book.translate.xml:6699 msgid "Read, write, execute" msgstr "可讀取, 可寫入, 可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6684 +#: book.translate.xml:6700 msgid "rwx" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6690 +#: book.translate.xml:6706 msgid "" "ls1" @@ -9596,12 +9611,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6693 +#: book.translate.xml:6709 msgid "directories" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6697 +#: book.translate.xml:6713 msgid "" "Use the argument to ls1 to view a long " @@ -9615,7 +9630,7 @@ "一個目錄底下執行 ls -l，會顯示如下的結果：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6703 +#: book.translate.xml:6719 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ls -l\n" @@ -9626,7 +9641,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6709 +#: book.translate.xml:6725 msgid "" "The first (leftmost) character in the first column indicates whether this " "file is a regular file, a directory, a special character device, a socket, " @@ -9653,7 +9668,7 @@ "案的三種權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6726 +#: book.translate.xml:6742 msgid "" "How does the system control permissions on devices? FreeBSD treats most " "hardware devices as a file that programs can open, read, and write data to. " @@ -9664,7 +9679,7 @@ " 目錄中。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6731 +#: book.translate.xml:6747 msgid "" "Directories are also treated as files. They have read, write, and execute " "permissions. The executable bit for a directory has a slightly different " @@ -9680,7 +9695,7 @@ "代表能夠存取在此目錄之中的已知檔名的檔案，但仍會受限於檔案本身所設定的權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6740 +#: book.translate.xml:6756 msgid "" "In order to perform a directory listing, the read permission must be set on " "the directory. In order to delete a file that one knows the name of, it is " @@ -9691,7 +9706,7 @@ "案所在目錄的寫入 以及 執行的權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6746 +#: book.translate.xml:6762 msgid "" "There are more permission bits, but they are primarily used in special " "circumstances such as setuid binaries and sticky directories. For more " @@ -9705,15 +9720,15 @@ "citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:6753 +#: book.translate.xml:6769 msgid "Symbolic Permissions" msgstr "權限符號" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:6756 book.translate.xml:6891 book.translate.xml:6942 -#: book.translate.xml:19273 book.translate.xml:19380 book.translate.xml:19558 -#: book.translate.xml:20677 book.translate.xml:21203 book.translate.xml:23452 -#: book.translate.xml:33887 book.translate.xml:45515 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:6772 book.translate.xml:6907 book.translate.xml:6958 +#: book.translate.xml:19290 book.translate.xml:19397 book.translate.xml:19575 +#: book.translate.xml:20694 book.translate.xml:21220 book.translate.xml:23469 +#: book.translate.xml:33904 book.translate.xml:45511 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes Contributed by " @@ -9720,12 +9735,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6766 +#: book.translate.xml:6782 msgid "permissions symbolic" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6771 +#: book.translate.xml:6787 msgid "" "Symbolic permissions use characters instead of octal values to assign " "permissions to files or directories. Symbolic permissions use the syntax of " @@ -9735,159 +9750,159 @@ "符號表示的格式依序為 (某人)(動作)(權限)，可使用的符號如下：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6781 book.translate.xml:23178 +#: book.translate.xml:6797 book.translate.xml:23195 msgid "Option" msgstr "項目" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6782 +#: book.translate.xml:6798 msgid "Letter" msgstr "字母" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6783 +#: book.translate.xml:6799 msgid "Represents" msgstr "代表意義" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6789 book.translate.xml:6795 book.translate.xml:6801 -#: book.translate.xml:6807 +#: book.translate.xml:6805 book.translate.xml:6811 book.translate.xml:6817 +#: book.translate.xml:6823 msgid "(who)" msgstr "(某人)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6790 +#: book.translate.xml:6806 msgid "u" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6791 +#: book.translate.xml:6807 msgid "User" msgstr "使用者" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6796 +#: book.translate.xml:6812 msgid "g" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6797 +#: book.translate.xml:6813 msgid "Group owner" msgstr "群組所有者" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6802 +#: book.translate.xml:6818 msgid "o" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6803 +#: book.translate.xml:6819 msgid "Other" msgstr "其他" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6808 +#: book.translate.xml:6824 msgid "a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6809 +#: book.translate.xml:6825 msgid "All (world)" msgstr "全部 (world)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6813 book.translate.xml:6819 book.translate.xml:6825 +#: book.translate.xml:6829 book.translate.xml:6835 book.translate.xml:6841 msgid "(action)" msgstr "(動作)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6814 book.translate.xml:31448 book.translate.xml:39180 +#: book.translate.xml:6830 book.translate.xml:31465 book.translate.xml:39197 msgid "+" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6815 +#: book.translate.xml:6831 msgid "Adding permissions" msgstr "\t增加權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6820 book.translate.xml:31453 book.translate.xml:39185 +#: book.translate.xml:6836 book.translate.xml:31470 book.translate.xml:39202 msgid "-" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6821 +#: book.translate.xml:6837 msgid "Removing permissions" msgstr "移除權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6826 +#: book.translate.xml:6842 msgid "=" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6827 +#: book.translate.xml:6843 msgid "Explicitly set permissions" msgstr "指定權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6831 book.translate.xml:6837 book.translate.xml:6843 -#: book.translate.xml:6849 book.translate.xml:6855 +#: book.translate.xml:6847 book.translate.xml:6853 book.translate.xml:6859 +#: book.translate.xml:6865 book.translate.xml:6871 msgid "(permissions)" msgstr "(權限)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6832 +#: book.translate.xml:6848 msgid "r" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6833 +#: book.translate.xml:6849 msgid "Read" msgstr "讀取" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6838 +#: book.translate.xml:6854 msgid "w" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6839 +#: book.translate.xml:6855 msgid "Write" msgstr "寫入" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6844 +#: book.translate.xml:6860 msgid "x" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6845 +#: book.translate.xml:6861 msgid "Execute" msgstr "執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6850 +#: book.translate.xml:6866 msgid "t" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6851 +#: book.translate.xml:6867 msgid "Sticky bit" msgstr "Sticky 位元" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6856 +#: book.translate.xml:6872 msgid "s" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6857 +#: book.translate.xml:6873 msgid "Set UID or GID" msgstr "設定 UID 或 GID" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6863 +#: book.translate.xml:6879 msgid "" "These values are used with chmod1, but with letters " @@ -9900,13 +9915,13 @@ "FILE：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6868 +#: book.translate.xml:6884 #, no-wrap msgid "% chmod go= FILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6870 +#: book.translate.xml:6886 msgid "" "A comma separated list can be provided when more than one set of changes to " "a file must be made. For example, the following command removes the group " @@ -9918,18 +9933,18 @@ "(world) 對該檔有執行權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6877 +#: book.translate.xml:6893 #, no-wrap msgid "% chmod go-w,a+x FILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:6888 +#: book.translate.xml:6904 msgid "FreeBSD File Flags" msgstr "FreeBSD 檔案旗標" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6901 +#: book.translate.xml:6917 msgid "" "In addition to file permissions, FreeBSD supports the use of file " "flags. These flags add an additional level of security and control " @@ -9942,7 +9957,7 @@ "root 不會意外將檔案修改或移除。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6908 +#: book.translate.xml:6924 msgid "" "File flags are modified using chflags1. For example, to " @@ -9955,13 +9970,13 @@ "file1，使用下列指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6913 +#: book.translate.xml:6929 #, no-wrap msgid "# chflags sunlink file1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6915 +#: book.translate.xml:6931 msgid "" "To disable the system undeletable flag, put a no in front of " "the :" @@ -9970,13 +9985,13 @@ "no，例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6919 +#: book.translate.xml:6935 #, no-wrap msgid "# chflags nosunlink file1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6921 +#: book.translate.xml:6937 msgid "" "To view the flags of a file, use with " "ls1 及參數 可檢視檔案目前的旗標：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6924 +#: book.translate.xml:6940 #, no-wrap msgid "# ls -lo file1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6926 +#: book.translate.xml:6942 #, no-wrap msgid "-rw-r--r-- 1 trhodes trhodes sunlnk 0 Mar 1 05:54 file1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6928 +#: book.translate.xml:6944 msgid "" "Several file flags may only be added or removed by the root user. In other cases, the file owner may set " @@ -10014,7 +10029,7 @@ "refentrytitle>2 說明以瞭解相關細節。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:6937 +#: book.translate.xml:6953 msgid "" "The setuid, setgid, and " "sticky Permissions" @@ -10023,7 +10038,7 @@ "literal> 權限" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6952 +#: book.translate.xml:6968 msgid "" "Other than the permissions already discussed, there are three other specific " "settings that all administrators should know about. They are the " @@ -10035,7 +10050,7 @@ "sticky 權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6958 +#: book.translate.xml:6974 msgid "" "These settings are important for some UNIX operations as they provide functionality not normally granted to " @@ -10047,7 +10062,7 @@ "說明真實使用者 ID (Real user ID) 與有效使用者 ID (Effective user ID) 的差異。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6963 +#: book.translate.xml:6979 msgid "" "The real user ID is the UID who owns or starts the " "process. The effective UID is the user ID the process " @@ -10067,7 +10082,7 @@ "(Permission Denied) 的錯誤。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6973 +#: book.translate.xml:6989 msgid "" "The setuid permission may be set by prefixing a permission set with the " "number four (4) as shown in the following example:" @@ -10074,13 +10089,13 @@ msgstr "setuid 權限可以透過在權限集前加上數字 (4) 來設定，如下範例所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6977 +#: book.translate.xml:6993 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 4755 suidexample.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6979 +#: book.translate.xml:6995 msgid "" "The permissions on suidexample.sh now look like the following:" @@ -10089,13 +10104,13 @@ "如下所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6983 +#: book.translate.xml:6999 #, no-wrap msgid "-rwsr-xr-x 1 trhodes trhodes 63 Aug 29 06:36 suidexample.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6985 +#: book.translate.xml:7001 msgid "" "Note that a s is now part of the permission set " "designated for the file owner, replacing the executable bit. This allows " @@ -10108,7 +10123,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1 可正常使用。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:6991 +#: book.translate.xml:7007 msgid "" "The nosuid mount8 option will cause such " @@ -10122,7 +10137,7 @@ "該選項並非完全可靠。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6998 +#: book.translate.xml:7014 msgid "" "To view this in real time, open two terminals. On one, type passwd as a normal user. While it waits for a new password, check the " @@ -10136,12 +10151,12 @@ "citerefentry> 程序的使用者資訊：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7004 +#: book.translate.xml:7020 msgid "In terminal A:" msgstr "於終端機 A：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7006 +#: book.translate.xml:7022 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Changing local password for trhodes\n" @@ -10149,18 +10164,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7009 +#: book.translate.xml:7025 msgid "In terminal B:" msgstr "於終端機 B：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7011 +#: book.translate.xml:7027 #, no-wrap msgid "# ps aux | grep passwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7013 +#: book.translate.xml:7029 #, no-wrap msgid "" "trhodes 5232 0.0 0.2 3420 1608 0 R+ 2:10AM 0:00.00 grep passwd\n" @@ -10168,7 +10183,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7016 +#: book.translate.xml:7032 msgid "" "Although passwd1 is run as a normal user, it is using the effective " @@ -10180,7 +10195,7 @@ "acronym>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7020 +#: book.translate.xml:7036 msgid "" "The setgid permission performs the same function as the " "setuid permission; except that it alters the group " @@ -10193,7 +10208,7 @@ "使用者。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7027 +#: book.translate.xml:7043 msgid "" "To set the setgid permission on a file, provide " "chmod1 的參數前加上 (2)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7030 +#: book.translate.xml:7046 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 2755 sgidexample.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7032 +#: book.translate.xml:7048 msgid "" "In the following listing, notice that the s is now in the " "field designated for the group permission settings:" @@ -10217,13 +10232,13 @@ msgstr "注意以下清單中，s 現在位於指定群組權限設定的欄位：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7036 +#: book.translate.xml:7052 #, no-wrap msgid "-rwxr-sr-x 1 trhodes trhodes 44 Aug 31 01:49 sgidexample.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:7039 +#: book.translate.xml:7055 msgid "" "In these examples, even though the shell script in question is an executable " "file, it will not run with a different EUID or effective " @@ -10237,7 +10252,7 @@ "manvolnum> 系統呼叫 (System call)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7046 +#: book.translate.xml:7062 msgid "" "The setuid and setgid permission bits " "may lower system security, by allowing for elevated permissions. The third " @@ -10249,7 +10264,7 @@ "literal>，可以加強系統的安全性。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7052 +#: book.translate.xml:7068 msgid "" "When the sticky bit is set on a directory, it allows file " "deletion only by the file owner. This is useful to prevent file deletion in " @@ -10262,13 +10277,13 @@ "非常有用。要使用這個權限，可在權限集前加上 (1)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7059 +#: book.translate.xml:7075 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 1777 /tmp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7061 +#: book.translate.xml:7077 msgid "" "The sticky bit permission will display as a t at the very end of the permission set:" @@ -10277,29 +10292,29 @@ "後：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7065 +#: book.translate.xml:7081 #, no-wrap msgid "# ls -al / | grep tmp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7067 +#: book.translate.xml:7083 #, no-wrap msgid "drwxrwxrwt 10 root wheel 512 Aug 31 01:49 tmp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:7073 +#: book.translate.xml:7089 msgid "Directory Structure" msgstr "目錄結構" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7075 +#: book.translate.xml:7091 msgid "directory hierarchy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7079 +#: book.translate.xml:7095 msgid "" "The FreeBSD directory hierarchy is fundamental to obtaining an overall " "understanding of the system. The most important directory is root or, " @@ -10314,7 +10329,7 @@ "會有開機所會用到必備檔案。 此外，根目錄還有紀錄其他檔案系統的掛載點相關設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7088 +#: book.translate.xml:7104 msgid "" "A mount point is a directory where additional file systems can be grafted " "onto a parent file system (usually the root file system). This is further " @@ -10341,7 +10356,7 @@ "option> 選項。 其中細節說明可參閱 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7103 +#: book.translate.xml:7119 msgid "" "A complete description of the file system hierarchy is available in " "hier7/bin/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7124 +#: book.translate.xml:7140 msgid "" "User utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments." msgstr "" @@ -10376,23 +10391,23 @@ "單使用者 (Single-user)、多使用者 (Multi-user) 兩種模式皆可使用的基本工具 。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7129 +#: book.translate.xml:7145 msgid "/boot/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7130 +#: book.translate.xml:7146 msgid "" "Programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap." msgstr "作業系統開機過程會用到的程式、設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7135 +#: book.translate.xml:7151 msgid "/boot/defaults/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7136 +#: book.translate.xml:7152 msgid "" "Default boot configuration files. Refer to " "loader.conf55。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7141 +#: book.translate.xml:7157 msgid "/dev/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7142 +#: book.translate.xml:7158 msgid "" "Device nodes. Refer to intro4 for details." @@ -10416,22 +10431,22 @@ "refentrytitle>4。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7147 +#: book.translate.xml:7163 msgid "/etc/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7148 +#: book.translate.xml:7164 msgid "System configuration files and scripts." msgstr "系統設定檔及一些 Script 檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7152 +#: book.translate.xml:7168 msgid "/etc/defaults/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7153 +#: book.translate.xml:7169 msgid "" "Default system configuration files. Refer to " "rc88。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7158 +#: book.translate.xml:7174 msgid "/etc/mail/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7159 +#: book.translate.xml:7175 msgid "" "Configuration files for mail transport agents such as " "sendmail8。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7164 +#: book.translate.xml:7180 msgid "/etc/namedb/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7165 +#: book.translate.xml:7181 msgid "" "named8 configuration files." @@ -10471,12 +10486,12 @@ "citerefentry> 設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7169 +#: book.translate.xml:7185 msgid "/etc/periodic/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7170 +#: book.translate.xml:7186 msgid "" "Scripts that run daily, weekly, and monthly, via " "cron88。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7176 +#: book.translate.xml:7192 msgid "/etc/ppp/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7177 +#: book.translate.xml:7193 msgid "" "ppp8 configuration files." @@ -10503,12 +10518,12 @@ "citerefentry> 設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7181 +#: book.translate.xml:7197 msgid "/mnt/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7182 +#: book.translate.xml:7198 msgid "" "Empty directory commonly used by system administrators as a temporary mount " "point." @@ -10515,12 +10530,12 @@ msgstr "系統管理者慣用充當臨時掛載點的空目錄。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7187 +#: book.translate.xml:7203 msgid "/proc/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7188 +#: book.translate.xml:7204 msgid "" "Process file system. Refer to procfs5, " @@ -10533,12 +10548,12 @@ "manvolnum>。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7193 +#: book.translate.xml:7209 msgid "/rescue/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7194 +#: book.translate.xml:7210 msgid "" "Statically linked programs for emergency recovery as described in " "rescue8。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7199 +#: book.translate.xml:7215 msgid "/root/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7200 +#: book.translate.xml:7216 msgid "" "Home directory for the root " "account." @@ -10561,12 +10576,12 @@ msgstr "root 帳號的家目錄。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7206 +#: book.translate.xml:7222 msgid "/sbin/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7207 +#: book.translate.xml:7223 msgid "" "System programs and administration utilities fundamental to both single-user " "and multi-user environments." @@ -10575,12 +10590,12 @@ "具 。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7213 +#: book.translate.xml:7229 msgid "/tmp/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7214 +#: book.translate.xml:7230 msgid "" "Temporary files which are usually not preserved across " "a system reboot. A memory-based file system is often mounted at /" @@ -10599,72 +10614,72 @@ "refentrytitle>8)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7224 +#: book.translate.xml:7240 msgid "/usr/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7225 +#: book.translate.xml:7241 msgid "The majority of user utilities and applications." msgstr "主要是使用者所安裝的工具程式、應用程式存放處。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7230 +#: book.translate.xml:7246 msgid "/usr/bin/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7231 +#: book.translate.xml:7247 msgid "Common utilities, programming tools, and applications." msgstr "常用工具、開發工具、應用軟體。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7236 +#: book.translate.xml:7252 msgid "/usr/include/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7237 +#: book.translate.xml:7253 msgid "Standard C include files." msgstr "標準 C include 檔案。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7241 +#: book.translate.xml:7257 msgid "/usr/lib/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7242 +#: book.translate.xml:7258 msgid "Archive libraries." msgstr "程式庫存放處。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7247 +#: book.translate.xml:7263 msgid "/usr/libdata/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7248 +#: book.translate.xml:7264 msgid "Miscellaneous utility data files." msgstr "其他各式工具的資料檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7252 +#: book.translate.xml:7268 msgid "/usr/libexec/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7253 +#: book.translate.xml:7269 msgid "System daemons and system utilities executed by other programs." msgstr "系統 Daemon 及系統工具程式 (透過其他程式來執行)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7258 +#: book.translate.xml:7274 msgid "/usr/local/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7259 +#: book.translate.xml:7275 msgid "" "Local executables and libraries. Also used as the default destination for " "the FreeBSD ports framework. Within /usr/local, the " @@ -10684,12 +10699,12 @@ "port。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7272 +#: book.translate.xml:7288 msgid "/usr/obj/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7273 +#: book.translate.xml:7289 msgid "" "Architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/" "src tree." @@ -10696,52 +10711,52 @@ msgstr "在編譯 /usr/src 目錄時所產生的相關架構目地檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7279 +#: book.translate.xml:7295 msgid "/usr/ports/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7280 +#: book.translate.xml:7296 msgid "The FreeBSD Ports Collection (optional)." msgstr "FreeBSD Port 套件集 (選用)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7284 +#: book.translate.xml:7300 msgid "/usr/sbin/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7285 +#: book.translate.xml:7301 msgid "System daemons and system utilities executed by users." msgstr "由使用者執行的系統 Daemon 及系統工具。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7290 +#: book.translate.xml:7306 msgid "/usr/share/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7291 +#: book.translate.xml:7307 msgid "Architecture-independent files." msgstr "各架構皆共通的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7295 +#: book.translate.xml:7311 msgid "/usr/src/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7296 +#: book.translate.xml:7312 msgid "BSD and/or local source files." msgstr "BSD 原始碼 (或自行新增的)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7300 +#: book.translate.xml:7316 msgid "/var/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7301 +#: book.translate.xml:7317 msgid "" "Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. A memory-based " "file system is sometimes mounted at /var. This can be " @@ -10760,42 +10775,42 @@ "citerefentry>)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7312 +#: book.translate.xml:7328 msgid "/var/log/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7313 +#: book.translate.xml:7329 msgid "Miscellaneous system log files." msgstr "各項系統記錄的日誌 (Log) 檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7317 +#: book.translate.xml:7333 msgid "/var/mail/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7318 +#: book.translate.xml:7334 msgid "User mailbox files." msgstr "各使用者的郵件 (Mailbox) 檔案。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7322 +#: book.translate.xml:7338 msgid "/var/spool/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7323 +#: book.translate.xml:7339 msgid "Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories." msgstr "各種印表機、郵件系統的緩衝 (Spool) 目錄。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7328 +#: book.translate.xml:7344 msgid "/var/tmp/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7329 +#: book.translate.xml:7345 msgid "" "Temporary files which are usually preserved across a system reboot, unless " "/var is a memory-based file system." @@ -10804,22 +10819,22 @@ "屬於以記憶體為基礎 (Memory-based) 的檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7336 +#: book.translate.xml:7352 msgid "/var/yp/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7337 +#: book.translate.xml:7353 msgid "NIS maps." msgstr "NIS 對應表。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:7345 +#: book.translate.xml:7361 msgid "Disk Organization" msgstr "磁碟組織" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7347 +#: book.translate.xml:7363 msgid "" "The smallest unit of organization that FreeBSD uses to find files is the " "filename. Filenames are case-sensitive, which means that readme." @@ -10833,7 +10848,7 @@ "他類型的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7354 +#: book.translate.xml:7370 msgid "" "Files are stored in directories. A directory may contain no files, or it may " "contain many hundreds of files. A directory can also contain other " @@ -10844,7 +10859,7 @@ "中也可以包含其他的目錄； 您可以建立階層式的目錄以便資料的管理。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7360 +#: book.translate.xml:7376 msgid "" "Files and directories are referenced by giving the file or directory name, " "followed by a forward slash, /, followed by any other " @@ -10869,7 +10884,7 @@ "c:\\foo\\bar\\readme.txt 這種路徑。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7375 +#: book.translate.xml:7391 msgid "" "Directories and files are stored in a file system. Each file system contains " "exactly one directory at the very top level, called the root " @@ -10888,7 +10903,7 @@ "個磁碟，所有目錄都會成為該磁碟的一部份。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7386 +#: book.translate.xml:7402 msgid "" "Consider three file systems, called A, B, and C. Each file system has one root directory, " @@ -10902,7 +10917,7 @@ "B2 及 C1, C2)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7393 +#: book.translate.xml:7409 msgid "" "Call A the root file system. If " "ls1B on to the directory A1B1 or B2 " "directories can be reached with the path /A1/B1 or " @@ -10990,7 +11005,7 @@ "literal> 被卸載 (Unmount) 後才會再顯現出來。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7447 +#: book.translate.xml:7463 msgid "" "If B had been mounted on A2 then the " "diagram would look like this:" @@ -11002,13 +11017,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:7453 +#: book.translate.xml:7469 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='basics/example-dir3' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout -#: book.translate.xml:7457 +#: book.translate.xml:7473 #, no-wrap msgid "" " /\n" @@ -11023,7 +11038,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7469 +#: book.translate.xml:7485 msgid "" "and the paths would be /A2/B1 and /A2/B2 respectively." @@ -11031,7 +11046,7 @@ "上面的路徑分別為 /A2/B1 及 /A2/B2。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7474 +#: book.translate.xml:7490 msgid "" "File systems can be mounted on top of one another. Continuing the last " "example, the C file system could be mounted on top of the " @@ -11047,13 +11062,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:7482 +#: book.translate.xml:7498 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='basics/example-dir4' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout -#: book.translate.xml:7486 +#: book.translate.xml:7502 #, no-wrap msgid "" " /\n" @@ -11072,7 +11087,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7502 +#: book.translate.xml:7518 msgid "" "Or C could be mounted directly on to the A file system, under the A1 directory:" @@ -11085,13 +11100,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:7508 +#: book.translate.xml:7524 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='basics/example-dir5' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout -#: book.translate.xml:7512 +#: book.translate.xml:7528 #, no-wrap msgid "" " /\n" @@ -11110,7 +11125,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7528 +#: book.translate.xml:7544 msgid "" "It is entirely possible to have one large root file system, and not need to " "create any others. There are some drawbacks to this approach, and one " @@ -11120,12 +11135,12 @@ "處。" #. (itstool) path: itemizedlist/title -#: book.translate.xml:7533 +#: book.translate.xml:7549 msgid "Benefits of Multiple File Systems" msgstr "使用多個檔案系統的好處" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7536 +#: book.translate.xml:7552 msgid "" "Different file systems can have different mount options. For example, the root file system can be mounted read-only, " @@ -11144,7 +11159,7 @@ "guid 位元失效，可讓系統更安全。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7550 +#: book.translate.xml:7566 msgid "" "FreeBSD automatically optimizes the layout of files on a file system, " "depending on how the file system is being used. So a file system that " @@ -11157,7 +11172,7 @@ "如果您只有單一個大的檔案系統，這部分就沒用了。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7559 +#: book.translate.xml:7575 msgid "" "FreeBSD's file systems are robust if power is lost. However, a power loss at " "a critical point could still damage the structure of the file system. By " @@ -11169,12 +11184,12 @@ "以便您在需要的時候將備份資料回存回來。" #. (itstool) path: itemizedlist/title -#: book.translate.xml:7569 +#: book.translate.xml:7585 msgid "Benefit of a Single File System" msgstr "使用單一檔案系統的好處" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7572 +#: book.translate.xml:7588 msgid "" "File systems are a fixed size. If you create a file system when you install " "FreeBSD and give it a specific size, you may later discover that you need to " @@ -11187,7 +11202,7 @@ "的大小，然後將備份回存回來。" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:7580 +#: book.translate.xml:7596 msgid "" "FreeBSD features the growfs8 command, which makes " @@ -11198,7 +11213,7 @@ "manvolnum> 指令可以突破此限制直接變更檔案系統的大小。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7587 +#: book.translate.xml:7603 msgid "" "File systems are contained in partitions. This does not have the same " "meaning as the common usage of the term partition (for example, swap space to " "provide virtual memory. This allows your computer to " @@ -11232,47 +11247,47 @@ "移到交換空間，然後在用到的時候移回去 (同時移出部份沒用到的)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7606 +#: book.translate.xml:7622 msgid "Some partitions have certain conventions associated with them." msgstr "部份分區有使用的慣例如下：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7616 +#: book.translate.xml:7632 msgid "Partition" msgstr "分區" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7617 +#: book.translate.xml:7633 msgid "Convention" msgstr "慣例" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7623 +#: book.translate.xml:7639 msgid "a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7624 +#: book.translate.xml:7640 msgid "Normally contains the root file system." msgstr "通常內含根檔案系統" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7628 +#: book.translate.xml:7644 msgid "b" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7629 +#: book.translate.xml:7645 msgid "Normally contains swap space." msgstr "通常內含交換空間" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7633 +#: book.translate.xml:7649 msgid "c" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7634 +#: book.translate.xml:7650 msgid "" "Normally the same size as the enclosing slice. This allows utilities that " "need to work on the entire slice, such as a bad block scanner, to work on " @@ -11284,12 +11299,12 @@ "執行。一般來說不會把檔案系統建立在這個分區。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7642 +#: book.translate.xml:7658 msgid "d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7643 +#: book.translate.xml:7659 msgid "" "Partition d used to have a special meaning associated " "with it, although that is now gone and d may work as any " @@ -11299,7 +11314,7 @@ "d 和一般的分區相同。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7652 +#: book.translate.xml:7668 msgid "" "Disks in FreeBSD are divided into slices, referred to in Windows as partitions, which are numbered from 1 " @@ -11311,22 +11326,22 @@ "再分成數個分區，每個分區內含檔案系統，且會使用字母來標示。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7657 +#: book.translate.xml:7673 msgid "slices" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7660 book.translate.xml:31918 book.translate.xml:32014 +#: book.translate.xml:7676 book.translate.xml:31935 book.translate.xml:32031 msgid "partitions" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7663 +#: book.translate.xml:7679 msgid "dangerously dedicated" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7667 +#: book.translate.xml:7683 msgid "" "Slice numbers follow the device name, prefixed with an s, " "starting at 1. So da0s1 is the first " @@ -11345,7 +11360,7 @@ "檔案系統使用的裝置 (Device) 上均會各別佔據一個切割區。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7677 +#: book.translate.xml:7693 msgid "" "Slices, dangerously dedicated physical drives, and other " "drives contain partitions, which are represented as " @@ -11365,7 +11380,7 @@ "三個切割區的第五個分區。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7690 +#: book.translate.xml:7706 msgid "" "Finally, each disk on the system is identified. A disk name starts with a " "code that indicates the type of disk, and then a number, indicating which " @@ -11377,7 +11392,7 @@ "始。常見的代碼可以參考 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7696 +#: book.translate.xml:7712 msgid "" "When referring to a partition, include the disk name, s, " "the slice number, and then the partition letter. Examples are shown in 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7701 +#: book.translate.xml:7717 msgid "" " shows a conceptual model of a " "disk layout." @@ -11396,7 +11411,7 @@ "對您有些幫助。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7704 +#: book.translate.xml:7720 msgid "" "When installing FreeBSD, configure the disk slices, create partitions within " "the slice to be used for FreeBSD, create a file system or swap space in each " @@ -11407,32 +11422,32 @@ "哪裡。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:7710 +#: book.translate.xml:7726 msgid "Disk Device Names" msgstr "磁碟裝置名稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7718 +#: book.translate.xml:7734 msgid "Drive Type" msgstr "磁碟機類型" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7719 +#: book.translate.xml:7735 msgid "Drive Device Name" msgstr "磁碟機裝置稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7725 +#: book.translate.xml:7741 msgid "SATA and IDE hard drives" msgstr "SATA 及 IDE 硬碟" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7727 +#: book.translate.xml:7743 msgid "ada or ad" msgstr "ada 或 ad" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7732 +#: book.translate.xml:7748 msgid "" "SCSI hard drives and USB storage " "devices" @@ -11439,12 +11454,12 @@ msgstr "SCSI 硬碟與 USB 儲存裝置" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7734 +#: book.translate.xml:7750 msgid "da" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7738 +#: book.translate.xml:7754 msgid "" "SATA and IDE CD-ROM " "drives" @@ -11453,37 +11468,37 @@ "光碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7740 +#: book.translate.xml:7756 msgid "cd or acd" msgstr "cd 或 acd" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7745 +#: book.translate.xml:7761 msgid "SCSI CD-ROM drives" msgstr "SCSI CD-ROM 光碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7747 +#: book.translate.xml:7763 msgid "cd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7751 +#: book.translate.xml:7767 msgid "Floppy drives" msgstr "軟碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7752 +#: book.translate.xml:7768 msgid "fd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7756 +#: book.translate.xml:7772 msgid "Assorted non-standard CD-ROM drives" msgstr "各種非標準 CD-ROM 光碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7758 +#: book.translate.xml:7774 msgid "" "mcd for Mitsumi CD-ROM and " "scd for Sony CD-ROM devices" @@ -11492,32 +11507,32 @@ "scd 代表 Sony CD-ROM 光碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7764 +#: book.translate.xml:7780 msgid "SCSI tape drives" msgstr "SCSI 磁帶機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7765 +#: book.translate.xml:7781 msgid "sa" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7769 +#: book.translate.xml:7785 msgid "IDE tape drives" msgstr "IDE 磁帶機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7770 +#: book.translate.xml:7786 msgid "ast" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7774 +#: book.translate.xml:7790 msgid "RAID drives" msgstr "RAID 磁碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7775 +#: book.translate.xml:7791 msgid "" "Examples include aacd for Adaptec AdvancedRAID, mlxd and " @@ -11536,27 +11551,27 @@ "trademark> RAID." #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:7787 +#: book.translate.xml:7803 msgid "Sample Disk, Slice, and Partition Names" msgstr "磁碟、切割區及分區命名範例" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7796 +#: book.translate.xml:7812 msgid "Name" msgstr "名稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7797 book.translate.xml:62596 +#: book.translate.xml:7813 book.translate.xml:62595 msgid "Meaning" msgstr "意義" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7803 +#: book.translate.xml:7819 msgid "ada0s1a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7804 +#: book.translate.xml:7820 msgid "" "The first partition (a) on the first slice (s1) on the first SATA disk (ada0)的第一個分區(a) 。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7811 +#: book.translate.xml:7827 msgid "da1s2e" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7812 +#: book.translate.xml:7828 msgid "" "The fifth partition (e) on the second slice (s2) on the second SCSI disk (da1)." @@ -11580,12 +11595,12 @@ "literal>) 的第五個分區 (e) 。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:7822 +#: book.translate.xml:7838 msgid "Conceptual Model of a Disk" msgstr "磁碟的概念模型" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:7824 +#: book.translate.xml:7840 msgid "" "This diagram shows FreeBSD's view of the first SATA disk " "attached to the system. Assume that the disk is 250 GB in size, and contains " @@ -11604,7 +11619,7 @@ "裝了 FreeBSD。 本範例中安裝的 FreeBSD 有四個資料分區及一個交換分區。" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:7834 +#: book.translate.xml:7850 msgid "" "The four partitions each hold a file system. Partition a " "is used for the root file system, d for /var//. /dev, /usr/usr/local 等。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7862 +#: book.translate.xml:7878 msgid "root file system" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7866 +#: book.translate.xml:7882 msgid "" "There are various reasons to house some of these directories on separate " "file systems. /var contains the directories " @@ -11669,7 +11684,7 @@ "filename> 中拉出來。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7877 +#: book.translate.xml:7893 msgid "" "Another common reason to contain certain directory trees on other file " "systems is if they are to be housed on separate physical disks, or are " @@ -11681,18 +11696,18 @@ "\"network-nfs\"/> 或是光碟機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:7884 +#: book.translate.xml:7900 msgid "The fstab File" msgstr "fstab 檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7886 +#: book.translate.xml:7902 msgid "" "file systems mounted with fstab" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7891 +#: book.translate.xml:7907 msgid "" "During the boot process (), file systems listed in " "/etc/fstab are automatically mounted except for the " @@ -11704,39 +11719,39 @@ " 參數)。檔案內容的格式如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:7897 +#: book.translate.xml:7913 #, no-wrap msgid "device /mount-point fstype options dumpfreq passno" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:7901 +#: book.translate.xml:7917 msgid "device" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7903 +#: book.translate.xml:7919 msgid "" "An existing device name as explained in ." msgstr "已存在的裝置名稱，詳情請參閱 。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:7909 +#: book.translate.xml:7925 msgid "mount-point" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7912 +#: book.translate.xml:7928 msgid "An existing directory on which to mount the file system." msgstr "檔案系統要掛載到的目錄 (該目錄必須存在)。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:7918 +#: book.translate.xml:7934 msgid "fstype" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7921 +#: book.translate.xml:7937 msgid "" "The file system type to pass to mount8. The default FreeBSD " @@ -11747,12 +11762,12 @@ "檔案系統是 ufs。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:7928 +#: book.translate.xml:7944 msgid "options" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7931 +#: book.translate.xml:7947 msgid "" "Either for read-write file systems, or 來先升級指定應用程式所有相依的 Port：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10154 +#: book.translate.xml:10170 #, no-wrap msgid "# portupgrade -R firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10156 +#: book.translate.xml:10172 msgid "" "If is included, Portupgrade " "searches for available packages in the local directories listed in " @@ -15717,13 +15732,13 @@ "可用時放棄安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10169 +#: book.translate.xml:10185 #, no-wrap msgid "# portupgrade -PP gnome3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10171 +#: book.translate.xml:10187 msgid "" "To just fetch the port distfiles, or packages, if is " "specified, without building or installing anything, use . " @@ -15735,17 +15750,17 @@ "command> 的操作手冊來取得所有可用選項的更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10180 +#: book.translate.xml:10196 msgid "Ports and Disk Space" msgstr "Port 與磁碟空間" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:10182 +#: book.translate.xml:10198 msgid "ports disk-space" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10187 +#: book.translate.xml:10203 msgid "" "Using the Ports Collection will use up disk space over time. After building " "and installing a port, running make clean within the " @@ -15764,13 +15779,13 @@ "地複本中找到的 work 目錄：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10198 +#: book.translate.xml:10214 #, no-wrap msgid "# portsclean -C" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10200 +#: book.translate.xml:10216 msgid "" "In addition, a lot of out-dated source distribution files will collect in " "/usr/ports/distfiles over time. If " @@ -15782,13 +15797,13 @@ "有不再被任何 Port 所引用的 distfiles：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10206 +#: book.translate.xml:10222 #, no-wrap msgid "# portsclean -D" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10208 +#: book.translate.xml:10224 msgid "" "To use Portupgrade to remove all distfiles not " "referenced by any port currently installed on the system:" @@ -15797,24 +15812,24 @@ "的 Port 所引用的 distfiles：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10212 +#: book.translate.xml:10228 #, no-wrap msgid "# portsclean -DD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10214 +#: book.translate.xml:10230 msgid "If Portmaster is installed, use:" msgstr "若有安裝 Portmaster，則可使用：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10217 +#: book.translate.xml:10233 #, no-wrap msgid "# portmaster --clean-distfiles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10219 +#: book.translate.xml:10235 msgid "" "By default, this command is interactive and will prompt the user to confirm " "if a distfile should be deleted." @@ -15821,7 +15836,7 @@ msgstr "預設這個指令會互動的方式詢問使用者確認是否要刪除 distfile。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10222 +#: book.translate.xml:10238 msgid "" "In addition to these commands, the ports-mgmt/pkg_cutleaves package or port automates the task of removing installed ports that " @@ -15831,12 +15846,12 @@ "動移除不再需要使用的 Port。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10230 +#: book.translate.xml:10246 msgid "Building Packages with Poudriere" msgstr "使用 Poudriere 編譯套件" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10233 +#: book.translate.xml:10249 msgid "" "Poudriere is a BSD-licensed " "utility for creating and testing FreeBSD packages. It uses FreeBSD jails to " @@ -15857,7 +15872,7 @@ "用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10244 +#: book.translate.xml:10260 msgid "" "Poudriere is installed using the ports-mgmt/poudriere package or port. The installation " @@ -15872,7 +15887,7 @@ "的設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10252 +#: book.translate.xml:10268 msgid "" "While ZFS is not required on the system running " "poudriere, it is beneficial. When ZFSpoudriere so that " "it installs a jail with the required FreeBSD tree and a ports tree. Specify " @@ -15931,7 +15946,7 @@ "構。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10285 +#: book.translate.xml:10301 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# poudriere jail -c -j 10amd64 -v 10.0-RELEASE\n" @@ -15953,7 +15968,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10302 +#: book.translate.xml:10318 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# poudriere ports -c -p local\n" @@ -15988,7 +16003,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10332 +#: book.translate.xml:10348 msgid "" "On a single computer, poudriere can build ports " "with multiple configurations, in multiple jails, and from different port " @@ -16006,7 +16021,7 @@ "citerefentry> 中的 CUSTOMIZATION 章節來取得詳細的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10341 +#: book.translate.xml:10357 msgid "" "The basic configuration shown here puts a single jail-, port-, and set-" "specific make.conf in /usr/local/etc/" @@ -16024,7 +16039,7 @@ "併為編譯 Jail 要使用的 make.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10351 +#: book.translate.xml:10367 msgid "" "Packages to be built are entered in 10amd64-local-" "workstation-pkglist:" @@ -16033,7 +16048,7 @@ "replaceable>-pkglist：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:10354 +#: book.translate.xml:10370 #, no-wrap msgid "" "editors/emacs\n" @@ -16043,29 +16058,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10359 +#: book.translate.xml:10375 msgid "Options and dependencies for the specified ports are configured:" msgstr "可使用以下方式設定選項及相依：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10362 +#: book.translate.xml:10378 #, no-wrap msgid "# poudriere options -j 10amd64 -p local -z workstation -f 10amd64-local-workstation-pkglist" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10364 +#: book.translate.xml:10380 msgid "Finally, packages are built and a package repository is created:" msgstr "最後，編譯套件並建立套件檔案庫：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10367 +#: book.translate.xml:10383 #, no-wrap msgid "# poudriere bulk -j 10amd64 -p local -z workstation -f 10amd64-local-workstation-pkglist" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10369 +#: book.translate.xml:10385 msgid "" "Ctrlt displays the current state of the build. Poudriere 中的檔案，可用在網頁伺服器來顯示編譯資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10376 +#: book.translate.xml:10392 msgid "" "Packages are now available for installation from the poudriere repository." @@ -16086,7 +16101,7 @@ msgstr "套件現在可以從 poudriere 檔案庫來安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10380 +#: book.translate.xml:10396 msgid "" "For more information on using poudriere, see " "poudriere。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10385 +#: book.translate.xml:10401 msgid "Configuring pkg Clients to Use a Poudriere Repository" msgstr "設定 pkg 客戶端使用 Poudriere 檔案庫" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10388 +#: book.translate.xml:10404 msgid "" "While it is possible to use both a custom repository along side of the " "official repository, sometimes it is useful to disable the official " @@ -16117,7 +16132,7 @@ "etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf 包含以下內容：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10396 +#: book.translate.xml:10412 #, no-wrap msgid "" "FreeBSD: {\n" @@ -16126,7 +16141,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10400 +#: book.translate.xml:10416 msgid "" "Usually it is easiest to serve a poudriere repository to the client machines " "via HTTP. Setup a webserver to serve up the package directory, usually " @@ -16140,7 +16155,7 @@ "filename> 是編譯的名稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10407 +#: book.translate.xml:10423 msgid "" "If the URL to the package repository is: http://pkg.example." "com/10amd64, then the repository configuration file in /" @@ -16151,7 +16166,7 @@ "案庫設定檔為：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10413 +#: book.translate.xml:10429 #, no-wrap msgid "" "custom: {\n" @@ -16161,12 +16176,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10421 +#: book.translate.xml:10437 msgid "Post-Installation Considerations" msgstr "安裝後的注意事項" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10423 +#: book.translate.xml:10439 msgid "" "Regardless of whether the software was installed from a binary package or " "port, most third-party applications require some level of configuration " @@ -16177,7 +16192,7 @@ "設定，下列指令與位置可以用來協助找到應用程式安裝了什麼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10431 +#: book.translate.xml:10447 msgid "" "Most applications install at least one default configuration file in " "/usr/local/etc. In the case where an application has a " @@ -16194,7 +16209,7 @@ "案並去除 .sample 副檔名。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10444 +#: book.translate.xml:10460 msgid "" "Applications which provide documentation will install it into /usr/" "local/share/doc and many applications also install manual pages. " @@ -16204,7 +16219,7 @@ "應用程式也同時會安裝操作手冊，在繼續使用應用程式前應先查看這些文件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10451 +#: book.translate.xml:10467 msgid "" "Some applications run services which must be added to /etc/rc." "conf before starting the application. These applications usually " @@ -16218,7 +16233,7 @@ "services\">啟動服務 來取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10460 +#: book.translate.xml:10476 msgid "" "Users of csh1 should run rehash to rebuild " @@ -16229,7 +16244,7 @@ "單到 Shell 的 PATH。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10466 +#: book.translate.xml:10482 msgid "" "Use pkg info to determine which files, man pages, and " "binaries were installed with the application." @@ -16238,17 +16253,17 @@ "Binary。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10474 +#: book.translate.xml:10490 msgid "Dealing with Broken Ports" msgstr "處理損壞的 Port" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10476 +#: book.translate.xml:10492 msgid "When a port does not build or install, try the following:" msgstr "當發現某個 Port 無法順利編譯或安裝，可以嘗試以下幾種方法解決：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10481 +#: book.translate.xml:10497 msgid "" "Search to see if there is a fix pending for the port in the Problem Report database. If so, " @@ -16258,7 +16273,7 @@ "link> 看該 Port 有沒有待審核的修正，若有的話可以使用該修正來修正問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10488 +#: book.translate.xml:10504 msgid "" "Ask the maintainer of the port for help. Type make maintainer in the ports skeleton or read the port's Makefile 中的 $FreeBSD: 一整行及輸出的錯誤訊息。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:10498 +#: book.translate.xml:10514 msgid "" "Some ports are not maintained by an individual but instead by a 都是，寄信時記得代入實際的論壇名稱。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:10504 +#: book.translate.xml:10520 msgid "" "In particular, ports shown as maintained by ports@FreeBSD.org are not maintained by a specific individual. " @@ -16299,7 +16314,7 @@ "非常歡迎志工參與。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10512 +#: book.translate.xml:10528 msgid "" "If there is no response to the email, use Bugzilla to submit a bug report " "using the instructions in 的說明使用 Bugzilla 提出問題回報。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10519 +#: book.translate.xml:10535 msgid "" "Fix it! The Porter's Handbook includes detailed " @@ -16323,7 +16338,7 @@ "詳細資訊，可提供資訊讓您可修正偶然損壞的 Port 或甚至您可以提交之自己的 Port。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10526 +#: book.translate.xml:10542 msgid "" "Install the package instead of the port using the instructions in ." @@ -16332,12 +16347,12 @@ "安裝。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:10556 +#: book.translate.xml:10572 msgid "The X Window System" msgstr "X Window 系統" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10561 +#: book.translate.xml:10577 msgid "" "An installation of FreeBSD using bsdinstall does " "not automatically install a graphical user interface. This chapter describes " @@ -16352,7 +16367,7 @@ "面環境或視窗管理程式。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:10570 +#: book.translate.xml:10586 msgid "" "Users who prefer an installation method that automatically configures the " "Xorg and offers a choice of window managers " @@ -16364,7 +16379,7 @@ "org 網站。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10577 +#: book.translate.xml:10593 msgid "" "For more information on the video hardware that Xorg supports, refer to the x." @@ -16374,18 +16389,18 @@ "xlink:href=\"http://www.x.org/\">x.org 網站。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10584 +#: book.translate.xml:10600 msgid "" "The various components of the X Window System, and how they interoperate." msgstr "組成 X Window 系統的各種元件以及它們是如何相互運作。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10589 +#: book.translate.xml:10605 msgid "How to install and configure Xorg." msgstr "如何安裝並設定 Xorg。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10594 +#: book.translate.xml:10610 msgid "" "How to install and configure several window managers and desktop " "environments." @@ -16392,7 +16407,7 @@ msgstr "如何安裝並設定各種視窗管理程式與桌面環境。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10599 +#: book.translate.xml:10615 msgid "" "How to use TrueType fonts in " "Xorg." @@ -16401,7 +16416,7 @@ "\">TrueType 字型。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10604 +#: book.translate.xml:10620 msgid "" "How to set up your system for graphical logins (XDM)." @@ -16408,7 +16423,7 @@ msgstr "如何設定系統以使用圖形化登入 (XDM)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10613 +#: book.translate.xml:10629 msgid "" "Know how to install additional third-party software as described in ." @@ -16415,12 +16430,12 @@ msgstr "了解如何依照 說明安裝其他第三方軟體。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10620 +#: book.translate.xml:10636 msgid "Terminology" msgstr "術語" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10622 +#: book.translate.xml:10638 msgid "" "While it is not necessary to understand all of the details of the various " "components in the X Window System and how they interact, some basic " @@ -16430,12 +16445,12 @@ "會更容易上手。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10629 +#: book.translate.xml:10645 msgid "X server" msgstr "X 伺服器 (X Server)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10632 +#: book.translate.xml:10648 msgid "" "X was designed from the beginning to be network-centric, and adopts a " "client-server model. In this model, the X serverX 客戶端 才是在桌機上面執行，實際上卻是相反。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10649 +#: book.translate.xml:10665 msgid "X client" msgstr "X 客戶端 (X Client)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10652 +#: book.translate.xml:10668 msgid "" "Each X application, such as XTerm or " "Firefox, is a client. A client " @@ -16475,7 +16490,7 @@ "者剛點選了確定按鈕。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10661 +#: book.translate.xml:10677 msgid "" "In a home or small office environment, the X server and the X clients " "commonly run on the same computer. It is also possible to run the X server " @@ -16488,12 +16503,12 @@ "式。 在這種情景，X 客戶端與伺服器之間的溝通就需透過網路來進行。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10671 +#: book.translate.xml:10687 msgid "window manager" msgstr "視窗管理程式 (Window Manager)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10674 +#: book.translate.xml:10690 msgid "" "X does not dictate what windows should look like on-screen, how to move them " "around with the mouse, which keystrokes should be used to move between " @@ -16517,7 +16532,7 @@ "集的 x11-wm 分類找到。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10690 +#: book.translate.xml:10706 msgid "" "Each window manager uses a different configuration mechanism. Some expect " "configuration file written by hand while others provide graphical tools for " @@ -16527,12 +16542,12 @@ "過圖型化工具來完成大部分的設定工作。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10698 +#: book.translate.xml:10714 msgid "desktop environment" msgstr "桌面環境 (Desktop Environment)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10701 +#: book.translate.xml:10717 msgid "" "KDE and GNOME are " "considered to be desktop environments as they include an entire suite of " @@ -16544,12 +16559,12 @@ "網頁瀏覽器及遊戲。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10710 +#: book.translate.xml:10726 msgid "focus policy" msgstr "聚焦政策 (Focus Policy)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10713 +#: book.translate.xml:10729 msgid "" "The window manager is responsible for the mouse focus policy. This policy " "provides some means for choosing which window is actively receiving " @@ -16560,7 +16575,7 @@ "入的視窗。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10719 +#: book.translate.xml:10735 msgid "" "One focus policy is called click-to-focus. In this model, a " "window becomes active upon receiving a mouse click. In the focus-" @@ -16586,7 +16601,7 @@ "收。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10737 +#: book.translate.xml:10753 msgid "" "Different window managers support different focus models. All of them " "support click-to-focus, and the majority of them also support other " @@ -16597,12 +16612,12 @@ "支援其他模式，請查看視窗管理程式的說明文件來了解可用的聚焦模式。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10746 +#: book.translate.xml:10762 msgid "widgets" msgstr "視窗元件 (Widget)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10749 +#: book.translate.xml:10765 msgid "" "Widget is a term for all of the items in the user interface that can be " "clicked or manipulated in some way. This includes buttons, check boxes, " @@ -16621,12 +16636,12 @@ "觀。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10766 +#: book.translate.xml:10782 msgid "Installing Xorg" msgstr "安裝 Xorg" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10768 +#: book.translate.xml:10784 msgid "" "On FreeBSD, Xorg can be installed as a package or " "port." @@ -16633,12 +16648,12 @@ msgstr "在 FreeBSD，Xorg 可透過套件或 Port 來安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10771 +#: book.translate.xml:10787 msgid "To build and install from the Ports Collection:" msgstr "要從 Port 套件集編譯與安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10773 +#: book.translate.xml:10789 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg\n" @@ -16646,7 +16661,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10776 +#: book.translate.xml:10792 msgid "" "The binary package can be installed more quickly but with fewer options for " "customization:" @@ -16653,13 +16668,13 @@ msgstr "使用 Binary 套件安裝快速，但可用的自訂選項較少：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10779 +#: book.translate.xml:10795 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install xorg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10781 +#: book.translate.xml:10797 msgid "" "Either of these installations results in the complete Xorg system being installed. This is the best option for most users." @@ -16668,7 +16683,7 @@ "多數使用者。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10785 +#: book.translate.xml:10801 msgid "" "A smaller version of the X system suitable for experienced users is " "available in x11/xorg-minimal. Most of the documents, " @@ -16680,12 +16695,12 @@ "程式會需要這些額外的元件才能運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10793 +#: book.translate.xml:10809 msgid "Xorg Configuration" msgstr "Xorg 設定" #. (itstool) path: info/author -#: book.translate.xml:10796 +#: book.translate.xml:10812 msgid "" " Warren Block Originally contributed by" @@ -16692,23 +16707,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:10805 +#: book.translate.xml:10821 msgid "Xorg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:10806 +#: book.translate.xml:10822 msgid "Xorg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10809 book.translate.xml:16792 book.translate.xml:62381 +#: book.translate.xml:10825 book.translate.xml:16809 book.translate.xml:62380 msgid "Quick Start" msgstr "快速開始" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10811 +#: book.translate.xml:10827 msgid "" "Xorg supports most common video cards, keyboards, " "and pointing devices. These devices are automatically detected and do not " @@ -16718,7 +16733,7 @@ "Xorg 會自動偵測這些裝置，並不需要手動設定。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:10818 +#: book.translate.xml:10834 msgid "" "If Xorg has been used on this computer before, " "move or remove any existing configuration files:" @@ -16727,7 +16742,7 @@ "名或移除：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10822 +#: book.translate.xml:10838 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf ~/xorg.conf.etc\n" @@ -16735,7 +16750,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:10827 +#: book.translate.xml:10843 msgid "" "Add the user who will run Xorg to the " "video or wheel group to enable 3D " @@ -16747,13 +16762,13 @@ "使用者 jru 到任一個可用的群組：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10835 +#: book.translate.xml:10851 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod video -m jru || pw groupmod wheel -m jru" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:10839 +#: book.translate.xml:10855 msgid "" "The TWM window manager is included by default. It is " "started when Xorg starts:" @@ -16762,13 +16777,13 @@ "application> 時便會啟動該視窗管理程式：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10843 +#: book.translate.xml:10859 #, no-wrap msgid "% startx" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:10847 +#: book.translate.xml:10863 msgid "" "On some older versions of FreeBSD, the system console must be set to " "vt4 才可正常運作，請參考 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10856 +#: book.translate.xml:10872 msgid "User Group for Accelerated Video" msgstr "可加速影像處理的使用者群組" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10858 +#: book.translate.xml:10874 msgid "" "Access to /dev/dri is needed to allow 3D acceleration " "on video cards. It is usually simplest to add the user who will be running X " @@ -16803,18 +16818,18 @@ "video 則會加入 wheel 群組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10868 +#: book.translate.xml:10884 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod video -m slurms || pw groupmod wheel -m slurms" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10872 +#: book.translate.xml:10888 msgid "Kernel Mode Setting (KMS)" msgstr "核心模式設定 (Kernel Mode Setting, KMS)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10874 +#: book.translate.xml:10890 msgid "" "When the computer switches from displaying the console to a higher screen " "resolution for X, it must set the video output mode. " @@ -16837,7 +16852,7 @@ "citerefentry> Console 可避免這個問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10885 +#: book.translate.xml:10901 msgid "" "Add this line to /boot/loader.conf to enable " "vt4：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:10888 +#: book.translate.xml:10904 #, no-wrap msgid "kern.vty=vt" msgstr "" @@ -16856,13 +16871,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: sect1/title #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:10892 book.translate.xml:20927 book.translate.xml:31488 -#: book.translate.xml:45373 book.translate.xml:55534 +#: book.translate.xml:10908 book.translate.xml:20944 book.translate.xml:31505 +#: book.translate.xml:45369 book.translate.xml:55530 msgid "Configuration Files" msgstr "設定檔" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10897 +#: book.translate.xml:10913 msgid "" "Xorg looks in several directories for " "configuration files. /usr/local/etc/X11/ is the " @@ -16874,7 +16889,7 @@ "可以幫助將應用程式檔案與作業系統檔案分離。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10904 +#: book.translate.xml:10920 msgid "" "Storing configuration files in the legacy /etc/X11/ " "still works. However, this mixes application files with the base FreeBSD " @@ -16884,12 +16899,12 @@ "程式檔案與基礎 FreeBSD 檔案混合在一起存放。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:10911 +#: book.translate.xml:10927 msgid "Single or Multiple Files" msgstr "單檔或多檔" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10913 +#: book.translate.xml:10929 msgid "" "It is easier to use multiple files that each configure a specific setting " "than the traditional single xorg.conf. These files are " @@ -16903,12 +16918,12 @@ "d/。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10921 +#: book.translate.xml:10937 msgid "Examples of these files are shown later in this section." msgstr "於本節稍後會有這些檔案的範例。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10924 +#: book.translate.xml:10940 msgid "" "The traditional single xorg.conf still works, but is " "neither as clear nor as flexible as multiple files in the xorg." @@ -16918,17 +16933,17 @@ "xorg.conf.d/ 子目錄中的多檔設定方式較不明瞭且沒有彈性。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10932 +#: book.translate.xml:10948 msgid "Video Cards" msgstr "顯示卡" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10936 +#: book.translate.xml:10952 msgid "Intel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10939 +#: book.translate.xml:10955 msgid "" "3D acceleration is supported on most Intel graphics up to Ivy Bridge (HD Graphics 2500, 4000, and P4000), " @@ -16939,12 +16954,12 @@ "(HD Graphics) 與 Sandy Bridge (HD Graphics 2000)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10944 +#: book.translate.xml:10960 msgid "Driver name: intel" msgstr "驅動程式名稱：intel" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10946 +#: book.translate.xml:10962 msgid "" "For reference, see ." @@ -16953,12 +16968,12 @@ "List_of_Intel_graphics_processing_units\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10951 +#: book.translate.xml:10967 msgid "AMD Radeon" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10954 +#: book.translate.xml:10970 msgid "" "2D and 3D acceleration is supported on Radeon cards up to and including the " "HD6000 series." @@ -16965,12 +16980,12 @@ msgstr "Radeon 顯示卡支援 2D 及 3D 加速，最新到 HD6000 系列。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10957 +#: book.translate.xml:10973 msgid "Driver name: radeon" msgstr "驅動程式名稱：radeon" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10959 +#: book.translate.xml:10975 msgid "" "For reference, see ." @@ -16979,12 +16994,12 @@ "List_of_AMD_graphics_processing_units\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10964 +#: book.translate.xml:10980 msgid "NVIDIA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10967 +#: book.translate.xml:10983 msgid "" "Several NVIDIA drivers are available in the x11 " "category of the Ports Collection. Install the driver that matches the video " @@ -16994,7 +17009,7 @@ "得，請安裝其中與顯示卡相符的驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10972 +#: book.translate.xml:10988 msgid "" "For reference, see ." @@ -17003,12 +17018,12 @@ "List_of_Nvidia_graphics_processing_units\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10977 +#: book.translate.xml:10993 msgid "Hybrid Combination Graphics" msgstr "混合組合繪圖晶片" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10980 +#: book.translate.xml:10996 msgid "" "Some notebook computers add additional graphics processing units to those " "built into the chipset or processor. Optimus combines " @@ -17028,7 +17043,7 @@ "acronym>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10989 +#: book.translate.xml:11005 msgid "" "Implementations of these hybrid graphics systems vary, and " "Xorg on FreeBSD is not able to drive all versions " @@ -17038,7 +17053,7 @@ "尚無法驅動所有的混合繪圖系統版本。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10993 +#: book.translate.xml:11009 msgid "" "Some computers provide a BIOS option to disable one of " "the graphics adapters or select a discrete mode which " @@ -17055,7 +17070,7 @@ "class=\"registered\">Intel 驅動程式驅動。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11002 +#: book.translate.xml:11018 msgid "" "BIOS settings depend on the model of computer. In some " "situations, both GPUs can be left enabled, but creating a " @@ -17067,12 +17082,12 @@ "literal> 節只使用主要的 GPU 便能讓系統運作。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11013 +#: book.translate.xml:11029 msgid "Other Video Cards" msgstr "其他顯示卡" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11016 +#: book.translate.xml:11032 msgid "" "Drivers for some less-common video cards can be found in the x11-" "drivers directory of the Ports Collection." @@ -17081,7 +17096,7 @@ "目錄找到。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11020 +#: book.translate.xml:11036 msgid "" "Cards that are not supported by a specific driver might still be usable with " "the x11-drivers/xf86-video-vesa driver. This driver is " @@ -17097,7 +17112,7 @@ "式來驅動顯示卡。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11030 +#: book.translate.xml:11046 msgid "" "x11-drivers/xf86-video-scfb is a similar nonspecialized " "video driver that works on many UEFI and 的電腦上運作。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11037 +#: book.translate.xml:11053 msgid "Setting the Video Driver in a File" msgstr "在檔案中設定影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11040 +#: book.translate.xml:11056 msgid "" "To set the Intel driver in a " "configuration file:" @@ -17122,7 +17137,7 @@ "式：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11044 +#: book.translate.xml:11060 msgid "" "Select Intel Video Driver in a " "File" @@ -17130,12 +17145,12 @@ "在單檔中選擇 Intel 影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11046 +#: book.translate.xml:11062 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-intel.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11048 +#: book.translate.xml:11064 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -17146,7 +17161,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11054 +#: book.translate.xml:11070 msgid "" "If more than one video card is present, the BusID " "identifier can be uncommented and set to select the desired card. A list of " @@ -17158,22 +17173,22 @@ "lv | grep -B3 display 取得。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11062 +#: book.translate.xml:11078 msgid "To set the Radeon driver in a configuration file:" msgstr "要在設定檔設定使用 Radeon 驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11066 +#: book.translate.xml:11082 msgid "Select Radeon Video Driver in a File" msgstr "在單檔中選擇 Radeon 影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11068 +#: book.translate.xml:11084 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-radeon.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11070 +#: book.translate.xml:11086 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -17183,22 +17198,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11076 +#: book.translate.xml:11092 msgid "To set the VESA driver in a configuration file:" msgstr "要在設定檔設定使用 VESA 驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11080 +#: book.translate.xml:11096 msgid "Select VESA Video Driver in a File" msgstr "在單檔中選擇 VESA 影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11083 +#: book.translate.xml:11099 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-vesa.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11085 +#: book.translate.xml:11101 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -17208,7 +17223,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11091 +#: book.translate.xml:11107 msgid "" "To set the scfb driver for use with a UEFI or ARM computer:" @@ -17217,17 +17232,17 @@ "trademark> 電腦使用 scfb 驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11095 +#: book.translate.xml:11111 msgid "Select scfb Video Driver in a File" msgstr "在單檔中選擇 scfb 影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11098 +#: book.translate.xml:11114 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-scfb.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11100 +#: book.translate.xml:11116 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -17237,12 +17252,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11111 +#: book.translate.xml:11127 msgid "Monitors" msgstr "顯示器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11113 +#: book.translate.xml:11129 msgid "" "Almost all monitors support the Extended Display Identification Data " "standard (EDID). Xorg uses " @@ -17256,7 +17271,7 @@ "適合的設定組合使用該顯示器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11121 +#: book.translate.xml:11137 msgid "" "Other resolutions supported by the monitor can be chosen by setting the " "desired resolution in configuration files, or after the X server has been " @@ -17268,7 +17283,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11128 +#: book.translate.xml:11144 msgid "" "Using xrandr1" @@ -17277,7 +17292,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11131 +#: book.translate.xml:11147 msgid "" "Run xrandr1 without any parameters " @@ -17288,7 +17303,7 @@ "輸出及已偵測到的顯示器模式清單：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11134 +#: book.translate.xml:11150 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% xrandr\n" @@ -17309,7 +17324,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11150 +#: book.translate.xml:11166 msgid "" "This shows that the DVI-0 output is being used to display " "a screen resolution of 1920x1200 pixels at a refresh rate of about 60 Hz. " @@ -17321,7 +17336,7 @@ "與 HDMI-0 接頭。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11157 +#: book.translate.xml:11173 msgid "" "Any of the other display modes can be selected with xrandr1% xrandr --mode 1280x1024 --rate 60" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11163 +#: book.translate.xml:11179 msgid "" "A common task is using the external video output on a notebook computer for " "a video projector." @@ -17345,7 +17360,7 @@ msgstr "在筆記型電腦使用外部顯示輸出到投影機是常見的作業。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11166 +#: book.translate.xml:11182 msgid "" "The type and quantity of output connectors varies between devices, and the " "name given to each output varies from driver to driver. What one driver " @@ -17361,7 +17376,7 @@ "citerefentry> 列出所有可用的輸出：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11174 +#: book.translate.xml:11190 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% xrandr\n" @@ -17385,7 +17400,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11193 +#: book.translate.xml:11209 msgid "" "Four outputs were found: the built-in panel LVDS1, and " "external VGA1, HDMI1, and " @@ -17395,7 +17410,7 @@ "literal>, HDMI1 以及 DP1 接頭。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11198 +#: book.translate.xml:11214 msgid "" "The projector has been connected to the VGA1 output. " "xrandr% xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --right-of LVDS1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11206 +#: book.translate.xml:11222 msgid "" "--auto chooses the resolution and refresh rate detected " "by EDID. If the resolution is not correctly detected, a " @@ -17430,7 +17445,7 @@ "可設定 --mode 1024x768。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11215 +#: book.translate.xml:11231 msgid "" "xrandr1 is often run from " @@ -17441,28 +17456,28 @@ "xinitrc 執行以在 X 啟動時設定適合的模式。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11222 +#: book.translate.xml:11238 msgid "Setting Monitor Resolution in a File" msgstr "在檔案中設定螢幕解析度" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11225 +#: book.translate.xml:11241 msgid "To set a screen resolution of 1024x768 in a configuration file:" msgstr "在設定檔設定螢幕解析度為 1024x768：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11229 +#: book.translate.xml:11245 msgid "Set Screen Resolution in a File" msgstr "在單檔中設定螢幕解析度" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11231 +#: book.translate.xml:11247 msgid "" "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/screen-resolution.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11233 +#: book.translate.xml:11249 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Screen\"\n" @@ -17475,7 +17490,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11242 +#: book.translate.xml:11258 msgid "" "The few monitors that do not have EDID can be configured " "by setting HorizSync and VertRefresh " @@ -17485,17 +17500,17 @@ "及 VertRefresh 為顯示器支援的頻率範圍。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11249 +#: book.translate.xml:11265 msgid "Manually Setting Monitor Frequencies" msgstr "手動設定顯示器頻率" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11251 +#: book.translate.xml:11267 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/monitor0-freq.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11253 +#: book.translate.xml:11269 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Monitor\"\n" @@ -17506,22 +17521,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11265 +#: book.translate.xml:11281 msgid "Input Devices" msgstr "輸入裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:11268 +#: book.translate.xml:11284 msgid "Keyboards" msgstr "鍵盤" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11272 +#: book.translate.xml:11288 msgid "Keyboard Layout" msgstr "鍵盤配置" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11275 +#: book.translate.xml:11291 msgid "" "The standardized location of keys on a keyboard is called a " "layout. Layouts and other adjustable parameters are " @@ -17533,7 +17548,7 @@ "refentrytitle>7。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11280 +#: book.translate.xml:11296 msgid "" "A United States layout is the default. To select an alternate layout, set " "the XkbLayout and XkbVariant options " @@ -17545,7 +17560,7 @@ "選項。這會套用所有符合該類別的輸入裝置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11287 +#: book.translate.xml:11303 msgid "" "This example selects a French keyboard layout with the oss variant." @@ -17552,18 +17567,18 @@ msgstr "這個例子選擇 French 鍵盤配置使用 oss 變體。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11291 +#: book.translate.xml:11307 msgid "Setting a Keyboard Layout" msgstr "設定鍵盤配置" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11293 +#: book.translate.xml:11309 msgid "" "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/keyboard-fr-oss.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11295 +#: book.translate.xml:11311 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section\t\"InputClass\"\n" @@ -17576,12 +17591,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11305 +#: book.translate.xml:11321 msgid "Setting Multiple Keyboard Layouts" msgstr "設定多個鍵盤配置" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11307 +#: book.translate.xml:11323 msgid "" "Set United States, Spanish, and Ukrainian keyboard layouts. Cycle through " "these layouts by pressing Alt " @@ -17595,13 +17610,13 @@ "強配置切換控制與目前配置的指示。" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11318 +#: book.translate.xml:11334 msgid "" "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/kbd-layout-multi.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11320 +#: book.translate.xml:11336 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section\t\"InputClass\"\n" @@ -17612,12 +17627,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11330 +#: book.translate.xml:11346 msgid "Closing Xorg From the Keyboard" msgstr "從鍵盤關閉 Xorg" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11334 +#: book.translate.xml:11350 msgid "" "X can be closed with a combination of keys. By default, that key combination " "is not set because it conflicts with keyboard commands for some " @@ -17628,17 +17643,17 @@ "指令衝突。要開啟這個選項需要更改鍵盤 InputDevice 節：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11342 +#: book.translate.xml:11358 msgid "Enabling Keyboard Exit from X" msgstr "開啟鍵盤離開 X 功能" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11344 +#: book.translate.xml:11360 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/keyboard-zap.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11346 +#: book.translate.xml:11362 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section\t\"InputClass\"\n" @@ -17650,12 +17665,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:11359 +#: book.translate.xml:11375 msgid "Mice and Pointing Devices" msgstr "滑鼠與指標裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:11361 +#: book.translate.xml:11377 msgid "" "Many mouse parameters can be adjusted with configuration options. See " "mousedrv 來取得完整清單。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11366 +#: book.translate.xml:11382 msgid "Mouse Buttons" msgstr "滑鼠按鍵" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11369 +#: book.translate.xml:11385 msgid "" "The number of buttons on a mouse can be set in the mouse " "InputDevice section of xorg.conf. To " @@ -17681,17 +17696,17 @@ "literal> 節設定，例如要設定按鍵數為 7：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11375 +#: book.translate.xml:11391 msgid "Setting the Number of Mouse Buttons" msgstr "設定滑鼠按鍵數" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11377 +#: book.translate.xml:11393 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/mouse0-buttons.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11379 +#: book.translate.xml:11395 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"InputDevice\"\n" @@ -17701,7 +17716,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11393 +#: book.translate.xml:11409 msgid "" "In some cases, Xorg autoconfiguration does not " "work with particular hardware, or a different configuration is desired. For " @@ -17711,7 +17726,7 @@ "需要使用不同的設定。針對這些情況會建立自訂的設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11398 +#: book.translate.xml:11414 msgid "" "A configuration file can be generated by Xorg " "based on the detected hardware. This file is often a useful starting point " @@ -17721,18 +17736,18 @@ "開始自訂設定很有幫助。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11403 +#: book.translate.xml:11419 msgid "Generating an xorg.conf:" msgstr "產生 xorg.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11405 +#: book.translate.xml:11421 #, no-wrap msgid "# Xorg -configure" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11407 +#: book.translate.xml:11423 msgid "" "The configuration file is saved to /root/xorg.conf.new. " "Make any changes desired, then test that file with:" @@ -17741,13 +17756,13 @@ "後使用以下指令測試該檔案：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11411 +#: book.translate.xml:11427 #, no-wrap msgid "# Xorg -config /root/xorg.conf.new" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11413 +#: book.translate.xml:11429 msgid "" "After the new configuration has been adjusted and tested, it can be split " "into smaller files in the normal location, /usr/local/etc/X11/xorg." @@ -17757,17 +17772,17 @@ "usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:11431 +#: book.translate.xml:11447 msgid "Using Fonts in Xorg" msgstr "在 Xorg 使用字型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11434 +#: book.translate.xml:11450 msgid "Type1 Fonts" msgstr "Type1 字型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11436 +#: book.translate.xml:11452 msgid "" "The default fonts that ship with Xorg are less " "than ideal for typical desktop publishing applications. Large presentation " @@ -17805,7 +17820,7 @@ "linkend=\"truetype\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11455 +#: book.translate.xml:11471 msgid "" "To install the above Type1 font collections from the Ports Collection, run " "the following commands:" @@ -17812,7 +17827,7 @@ msgstr "要從 Port 套件集安裝上述的 Type1 字型集可執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11458 +#: book.translate.xml:11474 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/urwfonts\n" @@ -17820,7 +17835,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11461 +#: book.translate.xml:11477 msgid "" "And likewise with the freefont or other collections. To have the X server " "detect these fonts, add an appropriate line to the X server configuration " @@ -17831,18 +17846,18 @@ "filename>)，內容為：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11466 +#: book.translate.xml:11482 #, no-wrap msgid "FontPath \"/usr/local/share/fonts/urwfonts/\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11468 +#: book.translate.xml:11484 msgid "Alternatively, at the command line in the X session run:" msgstr "或者在 X session 的指令列執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11471 +#: book.translate.xml:11487 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% xset fp+ /usr/local/share/fonts/urwfonts\n" @@ -17850,7 +17865,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11474 +#: book.translate.xml:11490 msgid "" "This will work but will be lost when the X session is closed, unless it is " "added to the startup file (~/.xinitrc for a normal " @@ -17867,22 +17882,22 @@ "範。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11486 +#: book.translate.xml:11502 msgid "TrueType Fonts" msgstr "TrueType 字型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11488 +#: book.translate.xml:11504 msgid "TrueType Fonts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11491 +#: book.translate.xml:11507 msgid "fonts TrueType" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11496 +#: book.translate.xml:11512 msgid "" "Xorg has built in support for rendering " "TrueType fonts. There are two " @@ -17899,13 +17914,13 @@ "\" section。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11504 +#: book.translate.xml:11520 #, no-wrap msgid "Load \"freetype\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11506 +#: book.translate.xml:11522 msgid "" "Now make a directory for the TrueType fonts (for example, /usr/local/share/fonts/TrueTypemkfontdir 可用套件的方式安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11520 +#: book.translate.xml:11536 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install mkfontdir" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11522 +#: book.translate.xml:11538 msgid "Then create an index of X font files in a directory:" msgstr "然後在目錄中建立 X 字型檔的索引：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11525 +#: book.translate.xml:11541 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/local/share/fonts/TrueType\n" @@ -17954,7 +17969,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11528 +#: book.translate.xml:11544 msgid "" "Now add the TrueType directory " "to the font path. This is just the same as described in 中所介紹的方式相同：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11531 +#: book.translate.xml:11547 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% xset fp+ /usr/local/share/fonts/TrueType\n" @@ -17972,7 +17987,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11534 +#: book.translate.xml:11550 msgid "" "or add a FontPath line to xorg.conf." msgstr "" @@ -17980,7 +17995,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11537 +#: book.translate.xml:11553 msgid "" "Now Gimp, Apache OpenOffice, and all of the other X applications should now recognize the " @@ -17996,22 +18011,22 @@ "application> 中) 現在會看起來比較像樣了。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11558 +#: book.translate.xml:11574 msgid "Anti-Aliased Fonts" msgstr "反鋸齒字型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11560 +#: book.translate.xml:11576 msgid "anti-aliased fonts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11563 +#: book.translate.xml:11579 msgid "fonts anti-aliased" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11568 +#: book.translate.xml:11584 msgid "" "All fonts in Xorg that are found in /" "usr/local/share/fonts/ and ~/.fonts/ are " @@ -18027,7 +18042,7 @@ "Firefox。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11577 +#: book.translate.xml:11593 msgid "" "To control which fonts are anti-aliased, or to configure anti-aliasing " "properties, create (or edit, if it already exists) the file /usr/" @@ -18044,12 +18059,12 @@ "refentrytitle>5。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11586 +#: book.translate.xml:11602 msgid "XML" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11588 +#: book.translate.xml:11604 msgid "" "This file must be in XML format. Pay careful attention to case, and make " "sure all tags are properly closed. The file begins with the usual XML header " @@ -18061,7 +18076,7 @@ "fontconfig> 標籤：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11594 +#: book.translate.xml:11610 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n" @@ -18070,7 +18085,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11598 +#: book.translate.xml:11614 msgid "" "As previously stated, all fonts in /usr/local/share/fonts/ as well as ~/.fonts/ are already made " @@ -18084,13 +18099,13 @@ "local/etc/fonts/local.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11606 +#: book.translate.xml:11622 #, no-wrap msgid "<dir>/path/to/my/fonts</dir>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11608 +#: book.translate.xml:11624 msgid "" "After adding new fonts, and especially new font directories, rebuild the " "font caches:" @@ -18097,13 +18112,13 @@ msgstr "加入新字型及額外的新字型目錄之後，需重新建立字型快取：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11612 +#: book.translate.xml:11628 #, no-wrap msgid "# fc-cache -f" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11614 +#: book.translate.xml:11630 msgid "" "Anti-aliasing makes borders slightly fuzzy, which makes very small text more " "readable and removes staircases from large text, but can " @@ -18115,7 +18130,7 @@ "的字型大小使用反鋸齒效果，可加入這些行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11621 +#: book.translate.xml:11637 #, no-wrap msgid "" " <match target=\"font\">\n" @@ -18137,12 +18152,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11638 +#: book.translate.xml:11654 msgid "fonts spacing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11643 +#: book.translate.xml:11659 msgid "" "Spacing for some monospaced fonts might also be inappropriate with anti-" "aliasing. This seems to be an issue with KDE, in " @@ -18154,7 +18169,7 @@ "入以下行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11649 +#: book.translate.xml:11665 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\t<match target=\"pattern\" name=\"family\">\n" @@ -18176,7 +18191,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11666 +#: book.translate.xml:11682 msgid "" "(this aliases the other common names for fixed fonts as \"mono\"), and then add:" @@ -18184,7 +18199,7 @@ "(這會設定等寬字型的其他常用名稱為 \"mono\")，然後加入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11669 +#: book.translate.xml:11685 #, no-wrap msgid "" " <match target=\"pattern\" name=\"family\">\n" @@ -18198,7 +18213,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11678 +#: book.translate.xml:11694 msgid "" "Certain fonts, such as Helvetica, may have a problem when anti-aliased. " "Usually this manifests itself as a font that seems cut in half vertically. " @@ -18210,7 +18225,7 @@ "local.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11684 +#: book.translate.xml:11700 #, no-wrap msgid "" " <match target=\"pattern\" name=\"family\">\n" @@ -18224,7 +18239,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11693 +#: book.translate.xml:11709 msgid "" "After editing local.conf, make certain to end the file " "with the </fontconfig> tag. Not doing this will " @@ -18234,7 +18249,7 @@ "fontconfig> 標籤結尾，若沒有使用會讓所做的更改被忽略。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11698 +#: book.translate.xml:11714 msgid "" "Users can add personalized settings by creating their own ~/." "config/fontconfig/fonts.conf. This file uses the same " @@ -18242,17 +18257,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11703 +#: book.translate.xml:11719 msgid "LCD screen" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11704 +#: book.translate.xml:11720 msgid "Fonts LCD screen" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11707 +#: book.translate.xml:11723 msgid "" "One last point: with an LCD screen, sub-pixel sampling may be desired. This " "basically treats the (horizontally separated) red, green and blue components " @@ -18266,7 +18281,7 @@ "處：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11714 +#: book.translate.xml:11730 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\t <match target=\"font\">\n" @@ -18280,7 +18295,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:11724 +#: book.translate.xml:11740 msgid "" "Depending on the sort of display, rgb may need to be " "changed to bgr, vrgb or vbgr Seth Kingsley Contributed by " @@ -18303,12 +18318,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11748 +#: book.translate.xml:11764 msgid "X Display Manager" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:11749 +#: book.translate.xml:11765 msgid "" "Xorg provides an X Display Manager, " "XDM, which can be used for login session " @@ -18322,7 +18337,7 @@ "(登入與密碼)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:11756 +#: book.translate.xml:11772 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to configure the X Display Manager on FreeBSD. " "Some desktop environments provide their own graphical login manager. Refer " @@ -18336,12 +18351,12 @@ "> 取得如何設定 KDE 顯示管理程式 (KDE Display Manager) 的操作方式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11763 +#: book.translate.xml:11779 msgid "Configuring XDM" msgstr "設定 XDM" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11765 +#: book.translate.xml:11781 msgid "" "To install XDM, use the x11/xdm package or port. Once installed, XDM can " @@ -18353,13 +18368,13 @@ "需編輯 /etc/ttys 中的此項目：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11771 +#: book.translate.xml:11787 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyv8 \"/usr/local/bin/xdm -nodaemon\" xterm off secure" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11773 +#: book.translate.xml:11789 msgid "" "Change the off to on and save the " "edit. The ttyv8 in this entry indicates that " @@ -18370,7 +18385,7 @@ "第 9 個虛擬終端機執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11778 +#: book.translate.xml:11794 msgid "" "The XDM configuration directory is located in " "/usr/local/lib/X11/xdm. This directory contains several " @@ -18391,22 +18406,22 @@ "citerefentry> 有說明。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:11788 +#: book.translate.xml:11804 msgid "XDM Configuration Files" msgstr "XDM 設定檔" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11793 book.translate.xml:55457 +#: book.translate.xml:11809 book.translate.xml:55453 msgid "File" msgstr "檔案" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11800 +#: book.translate.xml:11816 msgid "Xaccess" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11801 +#: book.translate.xml:11817 msgid "" "The protocol for connecting to XDM is called the " "X Display Manager Connection Protocol (XDMCP) This file " @@ -18420,12 +18435,12 @@ "預設此檔案並不允許任何遠端的客戶端連線。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11811 +#: book.translate.xml:11827 msgid "Xresources" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11812 +#: book.translate.xml:11828 msgid "" "This file controls the look and feel of the XDM " "display chooser and login screens. The default configuration is a simple " @@ -18440,12 +18455,12 @@ "Xorg 說明文件中說明的 app-defaults 檔相同。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11825 +#: book.translate.xml:11841 msgid "Xservers" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11826 +#: book.translate.xml:11842 msgid "" "The list of local and remote displays the chooser should provide as login " "choices." @@ -18452,12 +18467,12 @@ msgstr "登入選擇時在選擇器上要提供的本地及遠端顯示清單。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11831 +#: book.translate.xml:11847 msgid "Xsession" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11832 +#: book.translate.xml:11848 msgid "" "Default session script for logins which is run by XDM after a user has logged in. Normally each user will have a " @@ -18469,12 +18484,12 @@ "來覆蓋此 Script 的設定。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11840 +#: book.translate.xml:11856 msgid "Xsetup_*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11841 +#: book.translate.xml:11857 msgid "" "Script to automatically launch applications before displaying the chooser or " "login interfaces. There is a script for each display being used, named " @@ -18488,22 +18503,22 @@ "xconsole。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11852 +#: book.translate.xml:11868 msgid "xdm-config" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11853 +#: book.translate.xml:11869 msgid "Global configuration for all displays running on this machine." msgstr "用來設定所有在此機器上執行的顯示的全域設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11858 +#: book.translate.xml:11874 msgid "xdm-errors" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11859 +#: book.translate.xml:11875 msgid "" "Contains errors generated by the server program. If a display that " "XDM is trying to start hangs, look at this file " @@ -18515,23 +18530,23 @@ "寫入至使用者的 ~/.xsession-errors。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11868 +#: book.translate.xml:11884 msgid "xdm-pid" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11869 +#: book.translate.xml:11885 msgid "" "The running process ID of XDM." msgstr "XDM 的執行程序 ID。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11878 +#: book.translate.xml:11894 msgid "Configuring Remote Access" msgstr "設定遠端存取" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11880 +#: book.translate.xml:11896 msgid "" "By default, only users on the same system can login using XDM. To enable users on other systems to connect to the display " @@ -18541,7 +18556,7 @@ "其他系統的使用者可連線到顯示伺服器，需編輯存取控制規則及開啟連線傾聽程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11885 +#: book.translate.xml:11901 msgid "" "To configure XDM to listen for any remote " "connection, comment out the DisplayManager.requestPort " @@ -18553,7 +18568,7 @@ "requestPort 行前加上 ! 來註解該行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11891 +#: book.translate.xml:11907 #, no-wrap msgid "" "! SECURITY: do not listen for XDMCP or Chooser requests\n" @@ -18562,7 +18577,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11895 +#: book.translate.xml:11911 msgid "" "Save the edits and restart XDM. To restrict " "remote access, look at the example entries in /usr/local/lib/X11/" @@ -18576,12 +18591,12 @@ "refentrytitle>1 取得進一步資訊。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:11904 +#: book.translate.xml:11920 msgid "Desktop Environments" msgstr "桌面環境" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:11907 +#: book.translate.xml:11923 msgid "" " Valentino Vaschetto Contributed by " @@ -18588,7 +18603,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:11918 +#: book.translate.xml:11934 msgid "" "This section describes how to install three popular desktop environments on " "a FreeBSD system. A desktop environment can range from a simple window " @@ -18601,12 +18616,12 @@ "x11-wm 分類取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11926 +#: book.translate.xml:11942 msgid "GNOME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11929 +#: book.translate.xml:11945 msgid "" "GNOME is a user-friendly desktop environment. It " "includes a panel for starting applications and displaying status, a desktop, " @@ -18626,18 +18641,18 @@ "裝、設定和管理 GNOME 的額外文件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11940 +#: book.translate.xml:11956 msgid "This desktop environment can be installed from a package:" msgstr "這套桌面環境可以從套件安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11943 +#: book.translate.xml:11959 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gnome3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11945 +#: book.translate.xml:11961 msgid "" "To instead build GNOME from ports, use the " "following command. GNOME is a large application " @@ -18648,7 +18663,7 @@ "上，也會需要花費一些時間編譯。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11951 +#: book.translate.xml:11967 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome3\n" @@ -18656,7 +18671,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11954 +#: book.translate.xml:11970 msgid "" "GNOME requires /proc to be " "mounted. Add this line to /etc/fstab to mount this file " @@ -18666,13 +18681,13 @@ "行到 /etc/fstab 讓系統啟動時會自動掛載這個檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11959 book.translate.xml:12050 +#: book.translate.xml:11975 book.translate.xml:12066 #, no-wrap msgid "proc /proc procfs rw 0 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11961 +#: book.translate.xml:11977 msgid "" "GNOME uses D-Bus and " "HAL for a message bus and hardware abstraction. " @@ -18686,7 +18701,7 @@ "要在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟，這樣在系統開機時才會啟動：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11969 book.translate.xml:12060 +#: book.translate.xml:11985 book.translate.xml:12076 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dbus_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -18694,7 +18709,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11972 +#: book.translate.xml:11988 msgid "" "After installation, configure Xorg to start " "GNOME. The easiest way to do this is to enable " @@ -18709,13 +18724,13 @@ "conf 來開啟：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11981 +#: book.translate.xml:11997 #, no-wrap msgid "gdm_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11983 +#: book.translate.xml:11999 msgid "" "It is often desirable to also start all GNOME " "services. To achieve this, add a second line to /etc/rc.conf/etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11987 +#: book.translate.xml:12003 #, no-wrap msgid "gnome_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11989 +#: book.translate.xml:12005 msgid "" "GDM will start automatically when the system " "boots." @@ -18738,7 +18753,7 @@ msgstr "GDM 則會在系統開機時自動啟動。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11992 +#: book.translate.xml:12008 msgid "" "A second method for starting GNOME is to type " "startx from the command-line after configuring " @@ -18753,13 +18768,13 @@ "gnome-session。若檔案不存在，則使用以下指令建立一個：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12001 +#: book.translate.xml:12017 #, no-wrap msgid "% echo \"exec /usr/local/bin/gnome-session\" > ~/.xinitrc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12003 +#: book.translate.xml:12019 msgid "" "A third method is to use XDM as the display " "manager. In this case, create an executable ~/.xsession:" @@ -18768,7 +18783,7 @@ "需要建立一個可執行的 ~/.xsession：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12007 +#: book.translate.xml:12023 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% echo \"#!/bin/sh\" > ~/.xsession\n" @@ -18777,12 +18792,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12013 +#: book.translate.xml:12029 msgid "KDE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12017 +#: book.translate.xml:12033 msgid "" "KDE is another easy-to-use desktop environment. " "This desktop provides a suite of applications with a consistent look and " @@ -18801,18 +18816,18 @@ "freebsd.kde.org。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12026 +#: book.translate.xml:12042 msgid "To install the KDE package, type:" msgstr "要安裝 KDE 套件，請輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12029 +#: book.translate.xml:12045 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install x11/kde4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12031 +#: book.translate.xml:12047 msgid "" "To instead build the KDE port, use the following " "command. Installing the port will provide a menu for selecting which " @@ -18824,7 +18839,7 @@ "一個大型的應用程式，即使在較快的電腦上仍需要花費一段時間來編譯。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12037 +#: book.translate.xml:12053 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/x11/kde4\n" @@ -18832,12 +18847,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12040 +#: book.translate.xml:12056 msgid "KDE display manager" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12045 +#: book.translate.xml:12061 msgid "" "KDE requires /proc to be " "mounted. Add this line to /etc/fstab to mount this file " @@ -18847,7 +18862,7 @@ "到 /etc/fstab 讓系統啟動時會自動掛載這個檔案系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12052 +#: book.translate.xml:12068 msgid "" "KDE uses D-Bus and " "HAL for a message bus and hardware abstraction. " @@ -18861,7 +18876,7 @@ "/etc/rc.conf 開啟，這樣在系統開機時才會啟動：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12063 +#: book.translate.xml:12079 msgid "" "The installation of KDE includes the KDE Display " "Manager, KDM. To enable this display manager, add " @@ -18872,13 +18887,13 @@ "/etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12069 +#: book.translate.xml:12085 #, no-wrap msgid "kdm4_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12071 +#: book.translate.xml:12087 msgid "" "A second method for launching KDE is to type " "startx from the command line. For this to work, the " @@ -18889,13 +18904,13 @@ "xinitrc：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12077 +#: book.translate.xml:12093 #, no-wrap msgid "exec /usr/local/bin/startkde" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12079 +#: book.translate.xml:12095 msgid "" "A third method for starting KDE is through " "XDM. To do so, create an executable ~/." @@ -18906,7 +18921,7 @@ "filename> 如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12084 +#: book.translate.xml:12100 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% echo \"#!/bin/sh\" > ~/.xsession\n" @@ -18915,7 +18930,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12088 +#: book.translate.xml:12104 msgid "" "Once KDE is started, refer to its built-in help " "system for more information on how to use its various menus and applications." @@ -18924,12 +18939,12 @@ "如何使用各種選單及應用程式的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12094 +#: book.translate.xml:12110 msgid "Xfce" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12096 +#: book.translate.xml:12112 msgid "" "Xfce is a desktop environment based on the GTK+ " "toolkit used by GNOME. However, it is more " @@ -18950,23 +18965,23 @@ "xfce.org 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12107 +#: book.translate.xml:12123 msgid "To install the Xfce package:" msgstr "要安裝 Xfce 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12110 +#: book.translate.xml:12126 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install xfce" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12112 +#: book.translate.xml:12128 msgid "Alternatively, to build the port:" msgstr "或者使用 Port 編譯：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12114 +#: book.translate.xml:12130 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/x11-wm/xfce4\n" @@ -18974,7 +18989,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12117 +#: book.translate.xml:12133 msgid "" "Unlike GNOME or KDE, " "Xfce does not provide its own login manager. In " @@ -18988,13 +19003,13 @@ "先加入其項目到 ~/.xinitrc：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12124 +#: book.translate.xml:12140 #, no-wrap msgid "% echo \"exec /usr/local/bin/startxfce4 --with-ck-launch\" > ~/.xinitrc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12126 +#: book.translate.xml:12142 msgid "" "An alternate method is to use XDM. To configure " "this method, create an executable ~/.xsession:" @@ -19003,7 +19018,7 @@ "行的 ~/.xsession：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12130 +#: book.translate.xml:12146 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% echo \"#!/bin/sh\" > ~/.xsession\n" @@ -19012,12 +19027,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:12137 +#: book.translate.xml:12153 msgid "Installing Compiz Fusion" msgstr "安裝 Compiz Fusion" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12139 +#: book.translate.xml:12155 msgid "" "One way to make using a desktop computer more pleasant is with nice 3D " "effects." @@ -19024,7 +19039,7 @@ msgstr "要令使用桌面電腦更令人愉快的方法是用炫麗的 3D 效果。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12142 +#: book.translate.xml:12158 msgid "" "Installing the Compiz Fusion package is easy, but " "configuring it requires a few steps that are not described in the port's " @@ -19034,12 +19049,12 @@ "一些未在 Port 說明文件中說明的步驟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12147 +#: book.translate.xml:12163 msgid "Setting up the FreeBSD nVidia Driver" msgstr "設定 FreeBSD nVidia 驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12149 +#: book.translate.xml:12165 msgid "" "Desktop effects can cause quite a load on the graphics card. For an nVidia-" "based graphics card, the proprietary driver is required for good " @@ -19051,7 +19066,7 @@ "xorg.conf 設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12155 +#: book.translate.xml:12171 msgid "" "To determine which nVidia driver is needed see the FAQ " @@ -19062,7 +19077,7 @@ "與此主題相關的問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12158 +#: book.translate.xml:12174 msgid "" "Having determined the correct driver to use for your card, installation is " "as simple as installing any other package." @@ -19071,18 +19086,18 @@ "件一樣簡單。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12162 +#: book.translate.xml:12178 msgid "For example, to install the latest driver:" msgstr "例如，要安裝最新的驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12164 +#: book.translate.xml:12180 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install x11/nvidia-driver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12166 +#: book.translate.xml:12182 msgid "" "The driver will create a kernel module, which needs to be loaded at system " "startup. Add the following line to /boot/loader.conf:" @@ -19091,13 +19106,13 @@ "loader.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12170 +#: book.translate.xml:12186 #, no-wrap msgid "nvidia_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12173 +#: book.translate.xml:12189 msgid "" "To immediately load the kernel module into the running kernel by issuing a " "command like kldload nvidia, however it has been noted " @@ -19111,7 +19126,7 @@ "要重新開機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12182 +#: book.translate.xml:12198 msgid "" "With the kernel module loaded, you normally only need to change a single " "line in xorg.conf to enable the proprietary driver:" @@ -19120,29 +19135,29 @@ "啟專用的驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12186 +#: book.translate.xml:12202 msgid "Find the following line in /etc/X11/xorg.conf:" msgstr "找到 /etc/X11/xorg.conf 中的下行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12189 +#: book.translate.xml:12205 #, no-wrap msgid "Driver \"nv\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12191 +#: book.translate.xml:12207 msgid "and change it to:" msgstr "然後更改該行為：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12193 +#: book.translate.xml:12209 #, no-wrap msgid "Driver \"nvidia\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12195 +#: book.translate.xml:12211 msgid "" "Start the GUI as usual, and you should be greeted by the nVidia splash. " "Everything should work as usual." @@ -19150,12 +19165,12 @@ "如往常般啟動 GUI，您應該會看到 nVidia 的啟動畫面，其他東西應如往常般運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12200 +#: book.translate.xml:12216 msgid "Configuring xorg.conf for Desktop Effects" msgstr "設定 xorg.conf 來啟動桌面特效" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12202 +#: book.translate.xml:12218 msgid "" "To enable Compiz Fusion, /etc/X11/xorg." "conf needs to be modified:" @@ -19164,12 +19179,12 @@ "xorg.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12206 +#: book.translate.xml:12222 msgid "Add the following section to enable composite effects:" msgstr "加入以下 Section 來開啟合成特效：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12209 +#: book.translate.xml:12225 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Extensions\"\n" @@ -19178,7 +19193,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12213 +#: book.translate.xml:12229 msgid "" "Locate the Screen section which should look similar to the " "one below:" @@ -19185,7 +19200,7 @@ msgstr "找到 Screen section，長的應該如下所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12216 +#: book.translate.xml:12232 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Screen\"\n" @@ -19196,12 +19211,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12222 +#: book.translate.xml:12238 msgid "and add the following two lines (after Monitor will do):" msgstr "然後加入以下兩行 (在Monitor 之後)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12225 +#: book.translate.xml:12241 #, no-wrap msgid "" "DefaultDepth 24\n" @@ -19209,7 +19224,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12228 +#: book.translate.xml:12244 msgid "" "Locate the Subsection that refers to the screen resolution " "that you wish to use. For example, if you wish to use 1280x1024, locate the " @@ -19221,7 +19236,7 @@ "中，您可以手動加入對應的項目：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12234 +#: book.translate.xml:12250 #, no-wrap msgid "" "SubSection \"Display\"\n" @@ -19231,7 +19246,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12239 +#: book.translate.xml:12255 msgid "" "A color depth of 24 bits is needed for desktop composition, change the above " "subsection to:" @@ -19238,7 +19253,7 @@ msgstr "桌面合成需要 24 bit 的色彩深度，更改上述 Subsection 為：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12242 +#: book.translate.xml:12258 #, no-wrap msgid "" "SubSection \"Display\"\n" @@ -19249,7 +19264,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12248 +#: book.translate.xml:12264 msgid "" "Finally, confirm that the glx and extmod " "modules are loaded in the Module section:" @@ -19258,7 +19273,7 @@ "extmod 模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12252 +#: book.translate.xml:12268 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Module\"\n" @@ -19268,7 +19283,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12257 +#: book.translate.xml:12273 msgid "" "The preceding can be done automatically with x11/nvidia-xconfig by running (as root):" @@ -19277,7 +19292,7 @@ "用 root)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12261 +#: book.translate.xml:12277 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# nvidia-xconfig --add-argb-glx-visuals\n" @@ -19286,12 +19301,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12267 +#: book.translate.xml:12283 msgid "Installing and Configuring Compiz Fusion" msgstr "安裝與設定 Compiz Fusion" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12269 +#: book.translate.xml:12285 msgid "" "Installing Compiz Fusion is as simple as any " "other package:" @@ -19299,13 +19314,13 @@ "安裝 Compiz Fusion 如同安裝其他套件一樣簡單：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12272 +#: book.translate.xml:12288 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install x11-wm/compiz-fusion" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12274 +#: book.translate.xml:12290 msgid "" "When the installation is finished, start your graphic desktop and at a " "terminal, enter the following commands (as a normal user):" @@ -19314,7 +19329,7 @@ "用者)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12278 +#: book.translate.xml:12294 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% compiz --replace --sm-disable --ignore-desktop-hints ccp &\n" @@ -19322,7 +19337,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12281 +#: book.translate.xml:12297 msgid "" "Your screen will flicker for a few seconds, as your window manager (e.g. " "Metacity if you are using GNOMESessions in a " @@ -19346,7 +19361,7 @@ "GNOME 桌面的 Sessions 中)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12294 +#: book.translate.xml:12310 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#! /bin/sh\n" @@ -19355,7 +19370,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12298 +#: book.translate.xml:12314 msgid "" "Save this in your home directory as, for example, start-compiz and make it executable:" @@ -19364,13 +19379,13 @@ "filename>，然後讓該檔案可以執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12302 +#: book.translate.xml:12318 #, no-wrap msgid "% chmod +x ~/start-compiz" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12304 +#: book.translate.xml:12320 msgid "" "Then use the GUI to add it to Startup Programs " "(located in System, Preferences, 工作階段 Sessions)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12311 +#: book.translate.xml:12327 msgid "" "To actually select all the desired effects and their settings, execute " "(again as a normal user) the Compiz Config Settings ManagerCompiz Config Settings Manager：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12315 +#: book.translate.xml:12331 #, no-wrap msgid "% ccsm" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12318 +#: book.translate.xml:12334 msgid "" "In GNOME, this can also be found in the " "System, Preferences " @@ -19409,7 +19424,7 @@ "guimenuitem>, 偏好設定 Preferences 選單中找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12323 +#: book.translate.xml:12339 msgid "" "If you have selected gconf support during the build, you will " "also be able to view these settings using gconf-editor " @@ -19419,7 +19434,7 @@ "editor 在 apps/compiz 下查看設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12334 +#: book.translate.xml:12350 msgid "" "If the mouse does not work, you will need to first configure it before " "proceeding. In recent Xorg versions, the " @@ -19435,13 +19450,13 @@ "section：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12343 +#: book.translate.xml:12359 #, no-wrap msgid "Option \"AutoAddDevices\" \"false\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12345 +#: book.translate.xml:12361 msgid "" "Input devices may then be configured as in previous versions, along with any " "other options needed (e.g., keyboard layout switching)." @@ -19449,7 +19464,7 @@ "輸入裝置便可如先前版本一樣設定，連同其他所需的選項 (如：切換鍵盤配置)。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12350 +#: book.translate.xml:12366 msgid "" "As previously explained the hald daemon will, by " "default, automatically detect your keyboard. There are chances that your " @@ -19470,7 +19485,7 @@ "協助來直接設定鍵盤屬性。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12362 +#: book.translate.xml:12378 msgid "" "For example if, one wants to use a PC 102 keys keyboard coming with a french " "layout, we have to create a keyboard configuration file for " @@ -19484,7 +19499,7 @@ "fdi/policy 目錄。這個檔案中應要有以下幾行：" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12370 +#: book.translate.xml:12386 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"iso-8859-1\"?>\n" @@ -19499,7 +19514,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12380 +#: book.translate.xml:12396 msgid "" "If this file already exists, just copy and add to your file the lines " "regarding the keyboard configuration." @@ -19506,7 +19521,7 @@ msgstr "若這個檔案已經存在，只需要複製並貼上您的檔案中有關鍵盤設定的那幾行。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12383 +#: book.translate.xml:12399 msgid "" "You will have to reboot your machine to force hald to read this file." @@ -19514,7 +19529,7 @@ "您會需要重新啟動您的機器來讓 hald 讀取這個檔案。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12386 +#: book.translate.xml:12402 msgid "" "It is possible to do the same configuration from an X terminal or a script " "with this command line:" @@ -19521,13 +19536,13 @@ msgstr "也是可以從 X 終端機或 Script 下指令來做同樣的設定：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12389 +#: book.translate.xml:12405 #, no-wrap msgid "% setxkbmap -model pc102 -layout fr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12391 +#: book.translate.xml:12407 msgid "" "/usr/local/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst lists the " "various keyboard, layouts and options available." @@ -19536,12 +19551,12 @@ "的鍵盤、配置與設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12396 +#: book.translate.xml:12412 msgid "Xorg tuning" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12399 +#: book.translate.xml:12415 msgid "" "The xorg.conf.new configuration file may now be tuned " "to taste. Open the file in a text editor such as 的 \"Monitor\" section：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12407 +#: book.translate.xml:12423 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Monitor\"\n" @@ -19574,7 +19589,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12415 +#: book.translate.xml:12431 msgid "" "Most monitors support sync frequency autodetection, making manual entry of " "these values unnecessary. For the few monitors that do not support " @@ -19585,7 +19600,7 @@ "動偵測的顯示器，請輸入由製造商提供的數值來避免損壞顯示器。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12421 +#: book.translate.xml:12437 msgid "" "X allows DPMS (Energy Star) features to be used with capable monitors. The " "xsetxorg.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12433 +#: book.translate.xml:12449 msgid "" "While the xorg.conf.new configuration file is still " "open in an editor, select the default resolution and color depth desired. " @@ -19623,7 +19638,7 @@ "義：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12438 +#: book.translate.xml:12454 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Screen\"\n" @@ -19640,7 +19655,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12450 +#: book.translate.xml:12466 msgid "" "The DefaultDepth keyword describes the color depth to run " "at by default. This can be overridden with the " @@ -19661,7 +19676,7 @@ "像素。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12461 +#: book.translate.xml:12477 msgid "" "Finally, write the configuration file and test it using the test mode given " "above." @@ -19668,7 +19683,7 @@ msgstr "最後，儲存設定檔並使用測試模式來測試上述的設定。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12465 +#: book.translate.xml:12481 msgid "" "One of the tools available to assist you during troubleshooting process are " "the Xorg log files, which contain information on " @@ -19685,7 +19700,7 @@ "Xorg.8.log 以此類推。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12477 +#: book.translate.xml:12493 msgid "" "If all is well, the configuration file needs to be installed in a common " "location where Xorg 或 /usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12482 +#: book.translate.xml:12498 #, no-wrap msgid "# cp xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12484 +#: book.translate.xml:12500 msgid "" "The Xorg configuration process is now complete. " "Xorg may be now started with the 1 來啟動。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12491 +#: book.translate.xml:12507 msgid "" "Configuration with Intel " "i810 Graphics Chipsets" @@ -19732,12 +19747,12 @@ "literal> 繪圖晶片組" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12494 +#: book.translate.xml:12510 msgid "Intel i810 graphic chipset" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12498 +#: book.translate.xml:12514 msgid "" "Configuration with Intel i810 " "integrated chipsets requires the agpgart AGP " @@ -19752,7 +19767,7 @@ "更多詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12504 +#: book.translate.xml:12520 msgid "" "This will allow configuration of the hardware as any other graphics board. " "Note on systems without the agp 來載入。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12513 +#: book.translate.xml:12529 msgid "Adding a Widescreen Flatpanel to the Mix" msgstr "加入寬螢幕平板顯示器到設定檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12515 +#: book.translate.xml:12531 msgid "widescreen flatpanel configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12519 +#: book.translate.xml:12535 msgid "" "This section assumes a bit of advanced configuration knowledge. If attempts " "to use the standard configuration tools above have not resulted in a working " @@ -19792,7 +19807,7 @@ "輯器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12526 +#: book.translate.xml:12542 msgid "" "Current widescreen (WSXGA, WSXGA+, WUXGA, WXGA, WXGA+, et.al.) formats " "support 16:10 and 10:9 formats or aspect ratios that can be problematic. " @@ -19802,32 +19817,32 @@ "及 10:9 格式或其他的寬高比可會有問題。例如一些 16:10 寬高比常見的螢幕解析度：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12533 +#: book.translate.xml:12549 msgid "2560x1600" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12537 +#: book.translate.xml:12553 msgid "1920x1200" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12541 +#: book.translate.xml:12557 msgid "1680x1050" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12545 +#: book.translate.xml:12561 msgid "1440x900" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12549 +#: book.translate.xml:12565 msgid "1280x800" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12553 +#: book.translate.xml:12569 msgid "" "At some point, it will be as easy as adding one of these resolutions as a " "possible Mode in the Section \"Screen\"Xorg is smart enough to pull the resolution " "information from the widescreen via I2C/DDC information so it knows what the " @@ -19864,7 +19879,7 @@ "DDC)，因此能夠知道螢幕能處理的頻率及解析度。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12574 +#: book.translate.xml:12590 msgid "" "If those ModeLines do not exist in the drivers, one might " "need to give Xorg a little hint. Using /" @@ -19878,7 +19893,7 @@ "literal>。只需要在日誌檔中找到類似以下的訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12582 +#: book.translate.xml:12598 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(II) MGA(0): Supported additional Video Mode:\n" @@ -19889,7 +19904,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12588 +#: book.translate.xml:12604 msgid "" "This information is called EDID information. Creating a ModeLine from this is just a matter of putting the numbers in the correct " @@ -19899,13 +19914,13 @@ "將數據使用正確的順序放入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12592 +#: book.translate.xml:12608 #, no-wrap msgid "ModeLine <name> <clock> <4 horiz. timings> <4 vert. timings>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12594 +#: book.translate.xml:12610 msgid "" "So that the ModeLine in Section \"Monitor\" for this example would look like this:" @@ -19914,7 +19929,7 @@ "ModeLine 會看起來像這樣：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12598 +#: book.translate.xml:12614 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Monitor\"\n" @@ -19927,7 +19942,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12606 +#: book.translate.xml:12622 msgid "" "Now having completed these simple editing steps, X should start on your new " "widescreen monitor." @@ -19934,12 +19949,12 @@ msgstr "便完成編輯的步驟，接著需要在您的寬螢幕顯示器啟動 X。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12611 +#: book.translate.xml:12627 msgid "Troubleshooting Compiz Fusion" msgstr "Compiz Fusion 疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:12616 +#: book.translate.xml:12632 msgid "" "I have installed Compiz Fusion, and after running " "the commands you mention, my windows are left without title bars and " @@ -19949,7 +19964,7 @@ "令後，我的視窗的標題列與按鈕便消失了。是那裡有問題?" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:12624 +#: book.translate.xml:12640 msgid "" "You are probably missing a setting in /etc/X11/xorg.conf. Review this file carefully and check especially the " @@ -19961,7 +19976,7 @@ "literal> 指令項。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:12635 +#: book.translate.xml:12651 msgid "" "When I run the command to start Compiz Fusion, " "the X server crashes and I am back at the console. What is wrong?" @@ -19970,7 +19985,7 @@ "了，然後我又返回 Console。是那裡有問題?" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:12642 +#: book.translate.xml:12658 msgid "" "If you check /var/log/Xorg.0.log, you will probably " "find error messages during the X startup. The most common would be:" @@ -19979,7 +19994,7 @@ "所發生的錯誤訊息。最常發生的錯誤會是：" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12647 +#: book.translate.xml:12663 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(EE) NVIDIA(0): Failed to initialize the GLX module; please check in your X\n" @@ -19990,7 +20005,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:12653 +#: book.translate.xml:12669 msgid "" "This is usually the case when you upgrade Xorg. " "You will need to reinstall the x11/nvidia-driver package " @@ -20000,12 +20015,12 @@ "安裝 x11/nvidia-driver 套件來重新編譯 glx。" #. (itstool) path: part/title -#: book.translate.xml:12667 +#: book.translate.xml:12683 msgid "Common Tasks" msgstr "一般作業" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:12670 +#: book.translate.xml:12686 msgid "" "Now that the basics have been covered, this part of the book discusses some " "frequently used features of FreeBSD. These chapters:" @@ -20014,7 +20029,7 @@ "色，這些章節包括：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12676 +#: book.translate.xml:12692 msgid "" "Introduce popular and useful desktop applications: browsers, productivity " "tools, document viewers, and more." @@ -20021,12 +20036,12 @@ msgstr "介紹給您常見且實用的桌面應用軟體：瀏覽器、辦工工具、文件閱覽程式等。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12682 +#: book.translate.xml:12698 msgid "Introduce a number of multimedia tools available for FreeBSD." msgstr "介紹給您眾多 FreeBSD 上可用的多媒體工具。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12687 +#: book.translate.xml:12703 msgid "" "Explain the process of building a customized FreeBSD kernel to enable extra " "functionality." @@ -20033,7 +20048,7 @@ msgstr "解釋如何編譯量身訂做的 FreeBSD 核心以增加額外系統功能的流程。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12692 +#: book.translate.xml:12708 msgid "" "Describe the print system in detail, both for desktop and network-connected " "printer setups." @@ -20040,12 +20055,12 @@ msgstr "詳細描述列印系統，包含桌上型印表機及網路印表機的設定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12697 +#: book.translate.xml:12713 msgid "Show how to run Linux applications on the FreeBSD system." msgstr "展示給您看如何在您的 FreeBSD 系統中執行 Linux 應用軟體。" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:12702 +#: book.translate.xml:12718 msgid "" "Some of these chapters recommend prior reading, and this is noted in the " "synopsis at the beginning of each chapter." @@ -20052,12 +20067,12 @@ msgstr "這些章節中有些需要您預先閱讀些相關文件，在各章節開頭的概要內會提及。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:12725 +#: book.translate.xml:12741 msgid "Desktop Applications" msgstr "桌面應用程式" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12730 +#: book.translate.xml:12746 msgid "" "While FreeBSD is popular as a server for its performance and stability, it " "is also suited for day-to-day use as a desktop. With over 24,000 " @@ -20073,7 +20088,7 @@ "含網頁瀏覽器、辦工軟體、文件閱覽程式以及財務軟體。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12740 +#: book.translate.xml:12756 msgid "" "Users who prefer to install a pre-built desktop version of FreeBSD rather " "than configuring one from scratch should refer to the pcbsd.org 網站" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12747 +#: book.translate.xml:12763 msgid "Readers of this chapter should know how to:" msgstr "在閱讀這章之前，你必須了解如何：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12751 +#: book.translate.xml:12767 msgid "" "Install additional software using packages or ports as described in ." @@ -20095,12 +20110,12 @@ msgstr "使用套件或 Port 安裝其他軟體如 所敘述。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12756 +#: book.translate.xml:12772 msgid "Install X and a window manager as described in ." msgstr "安狀 X 與視窗管理程式如 所敘述。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12761 +#: book.translate.xml:12777 msgid "" "For information on how to configure a multimedia environment, refer to ." @@ -20108,17 +20123,17 @@ "要取得有關如何設定多媒體環境的資訊，請參考 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:12766 +#: book.translate.xml:12782 msgid "Browsers" msgstr "瀏覽器" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12768 +#: book.translate.xml:12784 msgid "browsers web" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12773 +#: book.translate.xml:12789 msgid "" "FreeBSD does not come with a pre-installed web browser. Instead, the www category of " @@ -20130,7 +20145,7 @@ "可以採 Binary 套件安裝或自 Port 套件集編譯的方式安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12779 +#: book.translate.xml:12795 msgid "" "The KDE and GNOME " "desktop environments include their own HTML browser. Refer to www/dillo2, " "www/links, and www/w3m." @@ -20150,7 +20165,7 @@ "links 以及 www/w3m。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12789 +#: book.translate.xml:12805 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to install the following popular web browsers " "and indicates if the application is resource-heavy, takes time to compile " @@ -20160,48 +20175,48 @@ "源、花費大量時間自 Port 編譯或何主要的相依套件。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12798 book.translate.xml:13157 book.translate.xml:13467 -#: book.translate.xml:13691 +#: book.translate.xml:12814 book.translate.xml:13173 book.translate.xml:13483 +#: book.translate.xml:13707 msgid "Application Name" msgstr "應用程式名稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12799 book.translate.xml:13158 book.translate.xml:13468 -#: book.translate.xml:13692 +#: book.translate.xml:12815 book.translate.xml:13174 book.translate.xml:13484 +#: book.translate.xml:13708 msgid "Resources Needed" msgstr "所需資源" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12800 book.translate.xml:13159 book.translate.xml:13469 -#: book.translate.xml:13693 +#: book.translate.xml:12816 book.translate.xml:13175 book.translate.xml:13485 +#: book.translate.xml:13709 msgid "Installation from Ports" msgstr "自 Port 安裝時間" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12801 book.translate.xml:17104 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:12817 book.translate.xml:17121 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Notes" msgstr "說明" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12807 +#: book.translate.xml:12823 msgid "Firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12808 book.translate.xml:12823 book.translate.xml:12831 +#: book.translate.xml:12824 book.translate.xml:12839 book.translate.xml:12847 msgid "medium" msgstr "中" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12809 book.translate.xml:12824 book.translate.xml:12832 -#: book.translate.xml:13168 book.translate.xml:13183 book.translate.xml:13190 -#: book.translate.xml:13507 book.translate.xml:13702 book.translate.xml:13709 -#: book.translate.xml:13716 +#: book.translate.xml:12825 book.translate.xml:12840 book.translate.xml:12848 +#: book.translate.xml:13184 book.translate.xml:13199 book.translate.xml:13206 +#: book.translate.xml:13523 book.translate.xml:13718 book.translate.xml:13725 +#: book.translate.xml:13732 msgid "heavy" msgstr "多" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12810 +#: book.translate.xml:12826 msgid "" "FreeBSD, Linux, and localized " "versions are available" @@ -20209,22 +20224,22 @@ "有 FreeBSD 、 Linux 及在地化版本" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12815 +#: book.translate.xml:12831 msgid "Opera" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12816 book.translate.xml:12817 book.translate.xml:13167 -#: book.translate.xml:13174 book.translate.xml:13175 book.translate.xml:13182 -#: book.translate.xml:13477 book.translate.xml:13478 book.translate.xml:13484 -#: book.translate.xml:13485 book.translate.xml:13491 book.translate.xml:13492 -#: book.translate.xml:13499 book.translate.xml:13500 book.translate.xml:13506 -#: book.translate.xml:13701 book.translate.xml:13708 book.translate.xml:13715 +#: book.translate.xml:12832 book.translate.xml:12833 book.translate.xml:13183 +#: book.translate.xml:13190 book.translate.xml:13191 book.translate.xml:13198 +#: book.translate.xml:13493 book.translate.xml:13494 book.translate.xml:13500 +#: book.translate.xml:13501 book.translate.xml:13507 book.translate.xml:13508 +#: book.translate.xml:13515 book.translate.xml:13516 book.translate.xml:13522 +#: book.translate.xml:13717 book.translate.xml:13724 book.translate.xml:13731 msgid "light" msgstr "少" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12818 +#: book.translate.xml:12834 msgid "" "FreeBSD and Linux versions are " "available" @@ -20231,37 +20246,37 @@ msgstr "有 FreeBSD 、 Linux 版本" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12822 +#: book.translate.xml:12838 msgid "Konqueror" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12825 +#: book.translate.xml:12841 msgid "Requires KDE libraries" msgstr "需要 KDE 程式庫" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12830 +#: book.translate.xml:12846 msgid "Chromium" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12833 +#: book.translate.xml:12849 msgid "Requires Gtk+" msgstr "需要 Gtk+ 程式庫" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12840 +#: book.translate.xml:12856 msgid "Firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12842 +#: book.translate.xml:12858 msgid "Firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12846 +#: book.translate.xml:12862 msgid "" "Firefox is an open source browser that is fully " "ported to FreeBSD. It features a standards-compliant HTML display engine, " @@ -20275,7 +20290,7 @@ "Mozilla 的程式庫。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12853 +#: book.translate.xml:12869 msgid "" "To install the package of the latest release version of " "Firefox, type:" @@ -20282,13 +20297,13 @@ msgstr "要安裝最新釋出版本的 Firefox 套件可輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12856 +#: book.translate.xml:12872 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12858 +#: book.translate.xml:12874 msgid "" "To instead install Firefox Extended Support " "Release (ESR) version, use:" @@ -20297,13 +20312,13 @@ "Firefox，可使用：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12861 +#: book.translate.xml:12877 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install firefox-esr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12863 +#: book.translate.xml:12879 msgid "" "Localized versions are available in www/firefox-i18n and " "www/firefox-esr-i18n." @@ -20312,7 +20327,7 @@ "esr-i18n 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12867 +#: book.translate.xml:12883 msgid "" "The Ports Collection can instead be used to compile the desired version of " "Firefox from source code. This example builds " @@ -20324,7 +20339,7 @@ "firefox 可替換為 ESR 或在地化版本來安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12874 +#: book.translate.xml:12890 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/firefox\n" @@ -20332,12 +20347,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:12878 +#: book.translate.xml:12894 msgid "Firefox and Java Plugin" msgstr "Firefox 與 Java 附加元件" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12880 +#: book.translate.xml:12896 msgid "" "The installation of Firefox does not include " "Java support. However, java/icedtea-web# cd /usr/ports/java/icedtea-web\n" @@ -20358,12 +20373,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12890 +#: book.translate.xml:12906 msgid "Keep the default configuration options when compiling the port." msgstr "編譯 Port 時使用預設設定選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12893 +#: book.translate.xml:12909 msgid "" "Once installed, start firefox, enter " "about:plugins in the location bar and press " @@ -20377,7 +20392,7 @@ "application> 附加元件應該會列在其中。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12900 +#: book.translate.xml:12916 msgid "" "If the browser is unable to find the plugin, each user will have to run the " "following command and relaunch the browser:" @@ -20384,7 +20399,7 @@ msgstr "若瀏覽器無法找到附加元件，每位使用者則須執行以下指令並重新執行瀏覽器：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12904 +#: book.translate.xml:12920 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ln -s /usr/local/lib/IcedTeaPlugin.so \\\n" @@ -20392,7 +20407,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:12910 +#: book.translate.xml:12926 msgid "" "Firefox and Adobe Flash Plugin" @@ -20401,12 +20416,12 @@ "class=\"registered\">Flash 附加元件" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12912 +#: book.translate.xml:12928 msgid "Flash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12916 +#: book.translate.xml:12932 msgid "" "A native Adobe Flash plugin is not available for FreeBSD. " @@ -20422,12 +20437,12 @@ "\"registered\">RealPlayer。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12921 +#: book.translate.xml:12937 msgid "To install and enable this plugin, perform these steps:" msgstr "要安裝並開啟此附加元件，可執行以下步驟：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:12926 +#: book.translate.xml:12942 msgid "" "Install www/nspluginwrapper from the port. " "Due to licensing restrictions, a package is not available. This port " @@ -20438,7 +20453,7 @@ "linux_base-c6。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:12933 +#: book.translate.xml:12949 msgid "" "Install www/linux-c6-flashplugin11 from the " "port. Due to licensing restrictions, a package is not available." @@ -20447,30 +20462,30 @@ "到授權條款的限制，該套件無 Binary 版本。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:12939 +#: book.translate.xml:12955 msgid "Before the plugin is first used, each user must run:" msgstr "第一次使用附加元件前，每位使用者需要先執行：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12942 +#: book.translate.xml:12958 #, no-wrap msgid "% nspluginwrapper -v -a -i" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:12944 +#: book.translate.xml:12960 msgid "" "When the plugin port has been updated and reinstalled, each user must run:" msgstr "當附加元件 Port 完成更新並且重新安裝後，每位使用者需要執行：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12947 +#: book.translate.xml:12963 #, no-wrap msgid "% nspluginwrapper -v -a -u" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:12949 +#: book.translate.xml:12965 msgid "" "Start the browser, enter about:plugins in the location " "bar and press Enter. A list of all the currently available " @@ -20480,7 +20495,7 @@ "Enter 鍵，目前可用的附加元件清單中應會顯示該附加元件。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:12959 +#: book.translate.xml:12975 msgid "" "Firefox and Swfdec Flash Plugin" msgstr "" @@ -20487,7 +20502,7 @@ "Firefox 與 Swfdec Flash 附加元件" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12961 +#: book.translate.xml:12977 msgid "" "Swfdec is a decoder and renderer for Flash animations. Swfdec-" @@ -20501,18 +20516,18 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect3/para #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12967 book.translate.xml:13288 +#: book.translate.xml:12983 book.translate.xml:13304 msgid "To install the package:" msgstr "要安裝套件可：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12969 +#: book.translate.xml:12985 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install swfdec-plugin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12971 +#: book.translate.xml:12987 msgid "" "If the package is not available, compile and install it from the Ports " "Collection:" @@ -20519,7 +20534,7 @@ msgstr "若無套件可用，可自 Port 套件集編譯並安裝該附加元件：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12974 +#: book.translate.xml:12990 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/swfdec-plugin\n" @@ -20527,22 +20542,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12977 +#: book.translate.xml:12993 msgid "Restart the browser to activate this plugin." msgstr "重新啟動瀏覽器來啟動此附加元件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12982 +#: book.translate.xml:12998 msgid "Opera" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12984 +#: book.translate.xml:13000 msgid "Opera" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12988 +#: book.translate.xml:13004 msgid "" "Opera is a full-featured and standards-compliant " "browser which is still lightweight and fast. It comes with a built-in mail " @@ -20556,7 +20571,7 @@ "\">Linux 模擬模式下執行的版本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12995 +#: book.translate.xml:13011 msgid "" "This command installs the package of the FreeBSD version of " "Opera. Replace opera with " @@ -20568,13 +20583,13 @@ "\"registered\">Linux 版本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13000 +#: book.translate.xml:13016 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install opera" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13002 +#: book.translate.xml:13018 msgid "" "Alternately, install either version through the Ports Collection. This " "example compiles the native version:" @@ -20581,7 +20596,7 @@ msgstr "或者，可安裝 Port 套件集中的版本，以下範例會編譯原生的版本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13005 +#: book.translate.xml:13021 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/opera\n" @@ -20589,7 +20604,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13008 +#: book.translate.xml:13024 msgid "" "To install the Linux version, " "substitute linux-opera in place of operaopera 為 linux-opera。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13012 +#: book.translate.xml:13028 msgid "" "To install Adobe Flash plugin support, first compile the " @@ -20615,7 +20630,7 @@ "package>。以下範例示範編譯 Port 中的這兩個應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13018 +#: book.translate.xml:13034 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/linux-c6-flashplugin11\n" @@ -20625,7 +20640,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13023 +#: book.translate.xml:13039 msgid "" "Once installed, check the presence of the plugin by starting the browser, " "entering opera:plugins in the location bar and pressing " @@ -20637,7 +20652,7 @@ "附加元件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13029 +#: book.translate.xml:13045 msgid "" "To add the Java plugin, " "follow the instructions in ." @@ -20646,17 +20661,17 @@ "照 中的指示。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13034 +#: book.translate.xml:13050 msgid "Konqueror" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13036 +#: book.translate.xml:13052 msgid "Konqueror" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13040 +#: book.translate.xml:13056 msgid "" "Konqueror is more than a web browser as it is " "also a file manager and a multimedia viewer. It is included in the " @@ -20667,7 +20682,7 @@ "中。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13045 +#: book.translate.xml:13061 msgid "" "Konqueror supports WebKit as well as its own " "KHTML. WebKit is a rendering engine used by many modern browsers including " @@ -20681,7 +20696,7 @@ "kwebkitpart 套件或 Port。此範例示範使用 Port 編譯：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13052 +#: book.translate.xml:13068 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/kwebkitpart\n" @@ -20689,7 +20704,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13055 +#: book.translate.xml:13071 msgid "" "To enable WebKit within Konqueror, click " "Settings, Configure Konqueror. In the " @@ -20703,7 +20718,7 @@ "quote> 旁的下拉示選單並變更 KHTML 為 WebKit。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13063 +#: book.translate.xml:13079 msgid "" "Konqueror also supports Flash. A How To。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13070 +#: book.translate.xml:13086 msgid "Chromium" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13072 +#: book.translate.xml:13088 msgid "Chromium" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13076 +#: book.translate.xml:13092 msgid "" "Chromium is an open source browser project that " "aims to build a safer, faster, and more stable web browsing experience. " @@ -20741,23 +20756,21 @@ "Chromium 是一個開放源始碼的瀏覽器計劃，該計劃的目" "標是要建立一個安全、快速且更穩定的網頁瀏覽體驗。Chromium 的功能有頁籤式瀏覽、彈出視窗封鎖、擴充套件等等。" -"Chromium 也是 Google Chrome 網頁瀏覽器所採用的基" -"礎。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13084 +#: book.translate.xml:13100 msgid "" "Chromium can be installed as a package by typing:" msgstr "Chromium 可以使用套件來安裝，只要輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13087 +#: book.translate.xml:13103 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install chromium" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13089 +#: book.translate.xml:13105 msgid "" "Alternatively, Chromium can be compiled from " "source using the Ports Collection:" @@ -20764,7 +20777,7 @@ msgstr "或者可從 Port 套件集的原始碼編譯 Chromium：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13092 +#: book.translate.xml:13108 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/chromium\n" @@ -20772,7 +20785,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:13096 +#: book.translate.xml:13112 msgid "" "The executable for Chromium is /usr/" "local/bin/chrome, not /usr/local/bin/chromium，並非 /usr/local/bin/chromium。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:13102 +#: book.translate.xml:13118 msgid "Chromium and Java Plugin" msgstr "Chromium 與 Java 附加元件" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:13104 +#: book.translate.xml:13120 msgid "" "The installation of Chromium does not include " "Java support. To install Java " @@ -20799,7 +20812,7 @@ " 的指示操作。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:13109 +#: book.translate.xml:13125 msgid "" "Once Java support is installed, start " "Chromium and enter about:pluginsChromium does not display the IcedTea-Web " "plugin, run the following commands and restart the web browser:" @@ -20820,7 +20833,7 @@ "以下指令然後重新啟動網頁瀏覽器：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13119 +#: book.translate.xml:13135 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir -p /usr/local/share/chromium/plugins\n" @@ -20829,7 +20842,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:13125 +#: book.translate.xml:13141 msgid "" "Chromium and Adobe Flash Plugin" @@ -20838,7 +20851,7 @@ "class=\"registered\">Flash 附加元件" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:13127 +#: book.translate.xml:13143 msgid "" "Configuring Chromium and Adobe FlashChromium 能夠使用部份來自其他瀏覽器的附加元件。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:13138 +#: book.translate.xml:13154 msgid "Productivity" msgstr "辦工工具" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13140 +#: book.translate.xml:13156 msgid "" "When it comes to productivity, new users often look for an office suite or " "an easy-to-use word processor. While some desktop " @@ -20874,7 +20887,7 @@ "型化文件處理程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13148 +#: book.translate.xml:13164 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to install the following popular productivity " "software and indicates if the application is resource-heavy, takes time to " @@ -20884,52 +20897,52 @@ "譯的時間或者是否有其他主要相依套件。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13160 book.translate.xml:13470 book.translate.xml:13694 +#: book.translate.xml:13176 book.translate.xml:13486 book.translate.xml:13710 msgid "Major Dependencies" msgstr "主要相依套件" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13166 +#: book.translate.xml:13182 msgid "Calligra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13169 book.translate.xml:13508 book.translate.xml:13717 +#: book.translate.xml:13185 book.translate.xml:13524 book.translate.xml:13733 msgid "KDE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13173 +#: book.translate.xml:13189 msgid "AbiWord" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13176 book.translate.xml:13493 +#: book.translate.xml:13192 book.translate.xml:13509 msgid "Gtk+ or GNOME" msgstr "Gtk+ 或 GNOME" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13181 +#: book.translate.xml:13197 msgid "The Gimp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13184 book.translate.xml:13501 +#: book.translate.xml:13200 book.translate.xml:13517 msgid "Gtk+" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13188 +#: book.translate.xml:13204 msgid "Apache OpenOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13191 book.translate.xml:13199 +#: book.translate.xml:13207 book.translate.xml:13215 msgid "huge" msgstr "非常多" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13192 +#: book.translate.xml:13208 msgid "" "JDK and " "Mozilla" @@ -20938,17 +20951,17 @@ "Mozilla" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13197 +#: book.translate.xml:13213 msgid "LibreOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13198 +#: book.translate.xml:13214 msgid "somewhat heavy" msgstr "有點多" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13200 +#: book.translate.xml:13216 msgid "" "Gtk+, or KDE/ " "GNOME, or JDK" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13210 +#: book.translate.xml:13226 msgid "Calligra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13212 +#: book.translate.xml:13228 msgid "Calligra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13215 +#: book.translate.xml:13231 msgid "" "office suite Calligra" @@ -20976,7 +20989,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13220 +#: book.translate.xml:13236 msgid "" "The KDE desktop environment includes an office suite which can be installed " "separately from KDE. CalligraKarbon 用來繪製圖型文件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13231 +#: book.translate.xml:13247 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, editors/calligra can be installed as a " "package or a port. To install the package:" @@ -21002,18 +21015,18 @@ "安裝，要使用套件安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13235 +#: book.translate.xml:13251 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install calligra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13237 +#: book.translate.xml:13253 msgid "If the package is not available, use the Ports Collection instead:" msgstr "若沒有可用的套件，可改使用 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13240 +#: book.translate.xml:13256 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/editors/calligra\n" @@ -21021,17 +21034,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13245 +#: book.translate.xml:13261 msgid "AbiWord" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13247 +#: book.translate.xml:13263 msgid "AbiWord" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13251 +#: book.translate.xml:13267 msgid "" "AbiWord is a free word processing program similar " "in look and feel to Microsoft。 它非常快速，包含了許多功能而且非常容易上手。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13256 +#: book.translate.xml:13272 msgid "" "AbiWord can import or export many file formats, " "including some proprietary ones like .rtf 格式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13260 +#: book.translate.xml:13276 msgid "To install the AbiWord package:" msgstr "" "要安裝 AbiWord Binary 套件，可使用下列指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13263 +#: book.translate.xml:13279 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install abiword" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13265 +#: book.translate.xml:13281 msgid "" "If the package is not available, it can be compiled from the Ports " "Collection:" @@ -21073,7 +21086,7 @@ msgstr "若沒有 Binary 套件版本，也可以從 Port 套件集中編譯安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13268 +#: book.translate.xml:13284 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/editors/abiword\n" @@ -21081,17 +21094,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13273 +#: book.translate.xml:13289 msgid "The GIMP" msgstr "The GIMP" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13275 +#: book.translate.xml:13291 msgid "The GIMP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13279 +#: book.translate.xml:13295 msgid "" "For image authoring or picture retouching, The GIMP provides a sophisticated image manipulation program. It can be " @@ -21106,18 +21119,18 @@ "可以讀寫許多檔案格式。 它也支援掃描器和手寫板。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13290 +#: book.translate.xml:13306 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gimp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13292 +#: book.translate.xml:13308 msgid "Alternately, use the Ports Collection:" msgstr "或使用 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13294 +#: book.translate.xml:13310 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp\n" @@ -21125,7 +21138,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13297 +#: book.translate.xml:13313 msgid "" "The graphics category (freebsd.org/ports/graphics.html) of the Ports " @@ -21137,17 +21150,17 @@ "GIMP 相關的附加元件，說明檔及使用手冊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13305 +#: book.translate.xml:13321 msgid "Apache OpenOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13307 +#: book.translate.xml:13323 msgid " Apache OpenOffice " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13312 +#: book.translate.xml:13328 msgid "" "office suite Apache OpenOffice " @@ -21154,7 +21167,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13319 +#: book.translate.xml:13335 msgid "" "Apache OpenOffice is an open source office suite " "which is developed under the wing of the Apache Software Foundation's " @@ -21172,7 +21185,7 @@ "同語言的使用者介面、拼字檢查和字典。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13330 +#: book.translate.xml:13346 msgid "" "The word processor of Apache OpenOffice uses a " "native XML file format for increased portability and flexibility. The " @@ -21200,18 +21213,18 @@ "freebsd/。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13341 +#: book.translate.xml:13357 msgid "To install the Apache OpenOffice package:" msgstr "要安裝 Apache OpenOffice 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13344 +#: book.translate.xml:13360 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install apache-openoffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13346 +#: book.translate.xml:13362 msgid "" "Once the package is installed, type the following command to launch " "Apache OpenOffice:" @@ -21220,13 +21233,13 @@ "OpenOffice：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13349 +#: book.translate.xml:13365 #, no-wrap msgid "% openoffice-X.Y.Z" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13351 +#: book.translate.xml:13367 msgid "" "where X.Y.Z is the version number of the " "installed version of Apache OpenOffice. The first " @@ -21240,7 +21253,7 @@ ".openoffice.org 資料夾。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13359 +#: book.translate.xml:13375 msgid "" "If the desired Apache OpenOffice package is not " "available, compiling the port is still an option. However, this requires a " @@ -21250,7 +21263,7 @@ "從 Port 編譯。 不過必須注意：編譯的過程會需要大量的磁碟空間與時間：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13364 +#: book.translate.xml:13380 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/editors/openoffice-4\n" @@ -21258,18 +21271,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:13368 +#: book.translate.xml:13384 msgid "To build a localized version, replace the previous command with:" msgstr "如果想要編譯在地化的版本，將前面的指令替換成為：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13371 +#: book.translate.xml:13387 #, no-wrap msgid "# make LOCALIZED_LANG=your_language install clean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:13373 +#: book.translate.xml:13389 msgid "" "Replace your_language with the correct language " "ISO-code. A list of supported language codes is available in files/" @@ -21280,17 +21293,17 @@ "錄。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13383 +#: book.translate.xml:13399 msgid "LibreOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13385 +#: book.translate.xml:13401 msgid "LibreOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13388 +#: book.translate.xml:13404 msgid "" "office suite LibreOffice" @@ -21297,7 +21310,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13393 +#: book.translate.xml:13409 msgid "" "LibreOffice is a free software office suite " "developed by LibreOffice uses a native " "XML file format for increased portability and flexibility. The spreadsheet " @@ -21341,7 +21354,7 @@ "到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13416 +#: book.translate.xml:13432 msgid "" "To install the English version of the LibreOffice " "package:" @@ -21348,13 +21361,13 @@ msgstr "要安裝英文版本的 LibreOffice 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13419 +#: book.translate.xml:13435 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install libreoffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13421 +#: book.translate.xml:13437 msgid "" "The editors category (freebsd.org/ports/editors.html) of the Ports " @@ -21368,7 +21381,7 @@ "libreoffice 為在地化套件的名稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13427 +#: book.translate.xml:13443 msgid "" "Once the package is installed, type the following command to run " "LibreOffice:" @@ -21376,13 +21389,13 @@ "套件安裝之後，輸入以下指令來執行 LibreOffice：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13430 +#: book.translate.xml:13446 #, no-wrap msgid "% libreoffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13432 +#: book.translate.xml:13448 msgid "" "During the first launch, some questions will be asked and a ." "libreoffice folder will be created in the user's home directory." @@ -21391,7 +21404,7 @@ "libreoffice 資料夾。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13436 +#: book.translate.xml:13452 msgid "" "If the desired LibreOffice package is not " "available, compiling the port is still an option. However, this requires a " @@ -21402,7 +21415,7 @@ "譯，但這會要大量的磁碟空間及漫長的時間編譯。以下例子示範編譯英文版本：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13442 +#: book.translate.xml:13458 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/editors/libreoffice\n" @@ -21410,7 +21423,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:13446 +#: book.translate.xml:13462 msgid "" "To build a localized version, cd into the port directory " "of the desired language. Supported languages can be found in the editors " @@ -21422,12 +21435,12 @@ "ports/editors.html\">freebsd.org/ports/editors.html) 中找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:13456 +#: book.translate.xml:13472 msgid "Document Viewers" msgstr "文件閱覽程式" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13458 +#: book.translate.xml:13474 msgid "" "Some new document formats have gained popularity since the advent of " "UNIX and the viewers they " @@ -21439,58 +21452,58 @@ "以下文件檢視程式：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13476 +#: book.translate.xml:13492 msgid "Xpdf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13479 +#: book.translate.xml:13495 msgid "FreeType" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13483 book.translate.xml:13548 +#: book.translate.xml:13499 book.translate.xml:13564 msgid "gv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13486 +#: book.translate.xml:13502 msgid "Xaw3d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13490 +#: book.translate.xml:13506 msgid "Geeqie" msgstr "Geeqie" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13498 +#: book.translate.xml:13514 msgid "ePDFView" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13505 +#: book.translate.xml:13521 msgid "Okular" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13515 +#: book.translate.xml:13531 msgid "Xpdf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13517 +#: book.translate.xml:13533 msgid "Xpdf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13520 book.translate.xml:13553 book.translate.xml:13619 +#: book.translate.xml:13536 book.translate.xml:13569 book.translate.xml:13635 msgid "PDF viewing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13525 +#: book.translate.xml:13541 msgid "" "For users that prefer a small FreeBSD PDF viewer, Xpdf provides a light-weight and efficient viewer which requires few " @@ -21502,24 +21515,24 @@ "準的 X 字型且不需要額外的工具包(Toolkit)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13531 +#: book.translate.xml:13547 msgid "To install the Xpdf package:" msgstr "安裝 Xpdf 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13534 +#: book.translate.xml:13550 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install xpdf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13536 book.translate.xml:13606 book.translate.xml:13751 -#: book.translate.xml:13785 book.translate.xml:13818 +#: book.translate.xml:13552 book.translate.xml:13622 book.translate.xml:13767 +#: book.translate.xml:13801 book.translate.xml:13834 msgid "If the package is not available, use the Ports Collection:" msgstr "若沒有可用的套件版本，可使用 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13539 +#: book.translate.xml:13555 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/xpdf\n" @@ -21527,7 +21540,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13542 +#: book.translate.xml:13558 msgid "" "Once the installation is complete, launch xpdf and use " "the right mouse button to activate the menu." @@ -21534,17 +21547,17 @@ msgstr "完成安裝後，執行 xpdf 並使用滑鼠右鍵開啟選單。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13550 +#: book.translate.xml:13566 msgid "gv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13557 +#: book.translate.xml:13573 msgid "PostScript viewing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13562 +#: book.translate.xml:13578 msgid "" "gv is a PostScript and PDF viewer. It is based on " @@ -21562,23 +21575,23 @@ "可以從鍵盤或滑鼠來完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13571 +#: book.translate.xml:13587 msgid "To install gv as a package:" msgstr "安裝 gv 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13574 +#: book.translate.xml:13590 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13576 book.translate.xml:13638 book.translate.xml:13668 +#: book.translate.xml:13592 book.translate.xml:13654 book.translate.xml:13684 msgid "If a package is unavailable, use the Ports Collection:" msgstr "若沒有可用的套件版本，可使用 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13579 +#: book.translate.xml:13595 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/print/gv\n" @@ -21586,17 +21599,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13584 +#: book.translate.xml:13600 msgid "Geeqie" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13586 +#: book.translate.xml:13602 msgid "Geeqie" msgstr "Geeqie" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13590 +#: book.translate.xml:13606 msgid "" "Geeqie is a fork from the unmaintained " "GQView project, in an effort to move development " @@ -21615,18 +21628,18 @@ "用全螢幕閱覽以及國際化。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13601 +#: book.translate.xml:13617 msgid "To install the Geeqie package:" msgstr "安裝 Geeqie 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13604 +#: book.translate.xml:13620 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install geeqie" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13609 +#: book.translate.xml:13625 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/geeqie\n" @@ -21634,17 +21647,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13614 +#: book.translate.xml:13630 msgid "ePDFView" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13616 +#: book.translate.xml:13632 msgid "ePDFView" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13624 +#: book.translate.xml:13640 msgid "" "ePDFView is a lightweight PDF " "document viewer that only uses the Gtk+ and " @@ -21660,18 +21673,18 @@ "application> 來列印。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13633 +#: book.translate.xml:13649 msgid "To install ePDFView as a package:" msgstr "要以套件安裝 ePDFView：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13636 +#: book.translate.xml:13652 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install epdfview" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13641 +#: book.translate.xml:13657 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/epdfview\n" @@ -21679,23 +21692,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13646 +#: book.translate.xml:13662 msgid "Okular" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13648 +#: book.translate.xml:13664 msgid "Okular" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13651 +#: book.translate.xml:13667 msgid "" "PDF viewing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13656 +#: book.translate.xml:13672 msgid "" "Okular is a universal document viewer based on " "KPDF for KDE. It can " @@ -21710,18 +21723,18 @@ "XPS 以及 ePub。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13663 +#: book.translate.xml:13679 msgid "To install Okular as a package:" msgstr "要以套件安裝 Okular：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13666 +#: book.translate.xml:13682 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install okular" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13671 +#: book.translate.xml:13687 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/okular\n" @@ -21729,12 +21742,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:13677 +#: book.translate.xml:13693 msgid "Finance" msgstr "財務" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13679 +#: book.translate.xml:13695 msgid "" "For managing personal finances on a FreeBSD desktop, some powerful and easy-" "to-use applications can be installed. Some are compatible with widespread " @@ -21746,42 +21759,42 @@ "Quicken 或 Excel 文件。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13685 +#: book.translate.xml:13701 msgid "This section covers these programs:" msgstr "這節涵蓋了下面這些軟體：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13700 +#: book.translate.xml:13716 msgid "GnuCash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13703 book.translate.xml:13710 +#: book.translate.xml:13719 book.translate.xml:13726 msgid "GNOME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13707 +#: book.translate.xml:13723 msgid "Gnumeric" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13714 +#: book.translate.xml:13730 msgid "KMyMoney" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13724 +#: book.translate.xml:13740 msgid "GnuCash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13726 +#: book.translate.xml:13742 msgid "GnuCash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13730 +#: book.translate.xml:13746 msgid "" "GnuCash is part of the GNOME effort to provide user-friendly, yet powerful, applications to " @@ -21795,7 +21808,7 @@ "蹤收入與花費、銀行帳戶以及股票證券等。 它的特性是介面直覺但功能仍非常專業。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13738 +#: book.translate.xml:13754 msgid "" "GnuCash provides a smart register, a hierarchical " "system of accounts, and many keyboard accelerators and auto-completion " @@ -21810,18 +21823,18 @@ "application> QIF 檔案。 它也能處理大部分國際的日期及通用貨幣之格式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13746 +#: book.translate.xml:13762 msgid "To install the GnuCash package:" msgstr "安裝 GnuCash 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13749 +#: book.translate.xml:13765 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gnucash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13754 +#: book.translate.xml:13770 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/finance/gnucash\n" @@ -21829,17 +21842,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13759 +#: book.translate.xml:13775 msgid "Gnumeric" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13761 +#: book.translate.xml:13777 msgid "Gnumeric" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13764 +#: book.translate.xml:13780 msgid "" "spreadsheet Gnumeric" @@ -21848,7 +21861,7 @@ "secondary>" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13769 +#: book.translate.xml:13785 msgid "" "Gnumeric is a spreadsheet program developed by " "the GNOME community. It features convenient " @@ -21867,18 +21880,18 @@ "儲存格格式，像是：數字、貨幣、日期、時間及其他格式等。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13780 +#: book.translate.xml:13796 msgid "To install Gnumeric as a package:" msgstr "安裝 Gnumeric 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13783 +#: book.translate.xml:13799 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gnumeric" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13788 +#: book.translate.xml:13804 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/math/gnumeric\n" @@ -21886,17 +21899,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13793 +#: book.translate.xml:13809 msgid "KMyMoney" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13795 +#: book.translate.xml:13811 msgid "KMyMoney" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13797 +#: book.translate.xml:13813 msgid "" "spreadsheet KMyMoney" @@ -21905,7 +21918,7 @@ "secondary>" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13802 +#: book.translate.xml:13818 msgid "" "KMyMoney is a personal finance application " "created by the KDE community. " @@ -21924,18 +21937,18 @@ "多種貨幣並提供財務報表。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13813 +#: book.translate.xml:13829 msgid "To install KMyMoney as a package:" msgstr "要以套件安裝 KMyMoney：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13816 +#: book.translate.xml:13832 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install kmymoney-kde4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13821 +#: book.translate.xml:13837 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/finance/kmymoney-kde4\n" @@ -21943,12 +21956,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:13836 +#: book.translate.xml:13852 msgid "Multimedia" msgstr "多媒體" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:13839 +#: book.translate.xml:13855 msgid "" " Ross Lippert Edited by " @@ -21955,7 +21968,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13852 +#: book.translate.xml:13868 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports a wide variety of sound cards, allowing users to enjoy high " "fidelity output from a FreeBSD system. This includes the ability to record " @@ -21971,7 +21984,7 @@ "MIDI 配備的應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13861 +#: book.translate.xml:13877 msgid "" "FreeBSD also supports the playback of video files and DVDs. The FreeBSD Ports Collection contains applications to encode, " @@ -21981,7 +21994,7 @@ "中含有可編碼、轉換以及播放格種影像媒體的應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13866 +#: book.translate.xml:13882 msgid "" "This chapter describes how to configure sound cards, video playback, TV " "tuner cards, and scanners on FreeBSD. It also describes some of the " @@ -21991,32 +22004,32 @@ "有那些應用程式可以使用這些裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13871 +#: book.translate.xml:13887 msgid "After reading this chapter, you will know how to:" msgstr "讀完這章，您將了解：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13875 +#: book.translate.xml:13891 msgid "Configure a sound card on FreeBSD." msgstr "設定 FreeBSD 上的音效卡。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13879 +#: book.translate.xml:13895 msgid "Troubleshoot the sound setup." msgstr "音效設定疑難排解。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13883 +#: book.translate.xml:13899 msgid "Playback and encode MP3s and other audio." msgstr "播放、錄製 MP3 及其他聲音檔案格式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13887 +#: book.translate.xml:13903 msgid "Prepare a FreeBSD system for video playback." msgstr "FreeBSD 系統播放影像的準備工具。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13891 +#: book.translate.xml:13907 msgid "" "Play DVDs, .mpg, and .avi files." @@ -22025,7 +22038,7 @@ "filename> 檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13896 +#: book.translate.xml:13912 msgid "" "Rip CD and DVD content into files." msgstr "" @@ -22032,33 +22045,33 @@ "擷取(Rip) CD 和 DVD的內容至檔案。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13901 +#: book.translate.xml:13917 msgid "Configure a TV card." msgstr "設定電視卡。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13905 +#: book.translate.xml:13921 msgid "Install and setup MythTV on FreeBSD" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 安裝 MythTV 。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13909 +#: book.translate.xml:13925 msgid "Configure an image scanner." msgstr "設定影像掃描機。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13916 +#: book.translate.xml:13932 msgid "" "Know how to install applications as described in ." msgstr "知道如何安裝應用程式如 所敘述。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:13923 +#: book.translate.xml:13939 msgid "Setting Up the Sound Card" msgstr "設定音效卡" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:13926 +#: book.translate.xml:13942 msgid "" " Moses Moore Contributed by " @@ -22065,7 +22078,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:13936 +#: book.translate.xml:13952 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille Enhanced by " @@ -22072,36 +22085,36 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13946 +#: book.translate.xml:13962 msgid "PCI" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13947 +#: book.translate.xml:13963 msgid "sound cards" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13948 +#: book.translate.xml:13964 msgid "" "Before beginning the configuration, determine the model of the sound card " "and the chip it uses. FreeBSD supports a wide variety of sound cards. Check " "the supported audio devices list of the Hardware Notes to see if " +"FreeBSD.org/releases/11.0R/hardware.html\">Hardware Notes to see if " "the card is supported and which FreeBSD driver it uses." msgstr "" "開始設定之前，必須先知道你的音效卡型號、晶片為何。 FreeBSD 支援許多種音效卡，" "請檢查支援的音效硬體表 Hardware Notes，以確認你的音效卡是否支" +"releases/11.0R/hardware.html\">Hardware Notes，以確認你的音效卡是否支" "援以及如何在 FreeBSD 上驅動。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13955 +#: book.translate.xml:13971 msgid "kernel configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13960 +#: book.translate.xml:13976 msgid "" "In order to use the sound device, its device driver must be loaded. The " "easiest way is to load a kernel module for the sound card with " @@ -22115,13 +22128,13 @@ "效晶片驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13966 +#: book.translate.xml:13982 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload snd_hda" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13968 +#: book.translate.xml:13984 msgid "" "To automate the loading of this driver at boot time, add the driver to " "/boot/loader.conf. The line for this driver is:" @@ -22130,13 +22143,13 @@ "filename> 檔，以此驅動程式為例：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:13972 +#: book.translate.xml:13988 #, no-wrap msgid "snd_hda_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13974 +#: book.translate.xml:13990 msgid "" "Other available sound modules are listed in /boot/defaults/loader." "conf. When unsure which driver to use, load the " @@ -22147,13 +22160,13 @@ "filename> 模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13979 +#: book.translate.xml:13995 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload snd_driver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13981 +#: book.translate.xml:13997 msgid "" "This is a metadriver which loads all of the most common sound drivers and " "can be used to speed up the search for the correct driver. It is also " @@ -22165,7 +22178,7 @@ "所有音效驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13987 +#: book.translate.xml:14003 msgid "" "To determine which driver was selected for the sound card after loading the " "snd_driver metadriver, type cat /dev/sndstatcat /dev/sndstat。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13992 +#: book.translate.xml:14008 msgid "Configuring a Custom Kernel with Sound Support" msgstr "設定自訂核心支援音效" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13994 +#: book.translate.xml:14010 msgid "" "This section is for users who prefer to statically compile in support for " "the sound card in a custom kernel. For more information about recompiling a " @@ -22188,7 +22201,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13998 +#: book.translate.xml:14014 msgid "" "When using a custom kernel to provide sound support, make sure that the " "audio framework driver exists in the custom kernel configuration file:" @@ -22195,13 +22208,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14002 +#: book.translate.xml:14018 #, no-wrap msgid "device sound" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14004 +#: book.translate.xml:14020 msgid "" "Next, add support for the sound card. To continue the example of the built-" "in audio chipset based on the Intel specification from the previous section, " @@ -22209,13 +22222,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14009 +#: book.translate.xml:14025 #, no-wrap msgid "device snd_hda" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14011 +#: book.translate.xml:14027 msgid "" "Be sure to read the manual page of the driver for the device name to use for " "the driver." @@ -22222,7 +22235,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14014 +#: book.translate.xml:14030 msgid "" "Non-PnP ISA sound cards may require the IRQ and I/O port settings of the " "card to be added to /boot/device.hints. During the boot " @@ -22237,7 +22250,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14024 +#: book.translate.xml:14040 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device snd_sbc\n" @@ -22245,7 +22258,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14027 +#: book.translate.xml:14043 msgid "" "If the card uses the 0x220 I/O port and IRQ 5, these lines must also be added to /boot/device.hints/boot/device.hints is described in " "sound4dmesg | grep pcm# cat /dev/sndstat\n" @@ -22321,7 +22334,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14069 +#: book.translate.xml:14085 msgid "" "The output will vary depending upon the sound card. If no pcm devices are listed, double-check that the correct device driver " @@ -22330,7 +22343,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14075 +#: book.translate.xml:14091 msgid "" "If all goes well, the sound card should now work in FreeBSD. If the " "CD or DVD drive is properly connected " @@ -22340,13 +22353,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14081 +#: book.translate.xml:14097 #, no-wrap msgid "% cdcontrol -f /dev/acd0 play 1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:14084 +#: book.translate.xml:14100 msgid "" "Audio CDs have specialized encodings which means that " "they should not be mounted using mountaudio/workman, provide a " "friendlier interface. The audio/mpg123 port can be " @@ -22362,7 +22375,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14094 +#: book.translate.xml:14110 msgid "" "Another quick way to test the card is to send data to /dev/dsp:" @@ -22369,13 +22382,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14097 +#: book.translate.xml:14113 #, no-wrap msgid "% cat filename > /dev/dsp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14099 +#: book.translate.xml:14115 msgid "" "where filename can be any " "type of file. This command should produce some noise, confirming that the " @@ -22383,7 +22396,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:14105 +#: book.translate.xml:14121 msgid "" "The /dev/dsp* device nodes will be created " "automatically as needed. When not in use, they do not exist and will not " @@ -22392,32 +22405,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14113 +#: book.translate.xml:14129 msgid "Troubleshooting Sound" msgstr "疑難排解音效" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14115 +#: book.translate.xml:14131 msgid "device nodes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14116 +#: book.translate.xml:14132 msgid "I/O port" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14117 +#: book.translate.xml:14133 msgid "IRQ" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14118 +#: book.translate.xml:14134 msgid "DSP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14120 +#: book.translate.xml:14136 msgid "" " lists some common " "error messages and their solutions:" @@ -22424,37 +22437,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:14124 +#: book.translate.xml:14140 msgid "Common Error Messages" msgstr "常見錯誤訊息" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14129 +#: book.translate.xml:14145 msgid "Error" msgstr "錯誤" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14130 +#: book.translate.xml:14146 msgid "Solution" msgstr "解決方式" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14136 +#: book.translate.xml:14152 msgid "sb_dspwr(XX) timed out" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:14138 +#: book.translate.xml:14154 msgid "The I/O port is not set correctly." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14143 +#: book.translate.xml:14159 msgid "bad irq XX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:14144 +#: book.translate.xml:14160 msgid "" "The IRQ is set incorrectly. Make sure that the set IRQ and the sound IRQ are " "the same." @@ -22461,22 +22474,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14150 +#: book.translate.xml:14166 msgid "xxx: gus pcm not attached, out of memory" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:14152 +#: book.translate.xml:14168 msgid "There is not enough available memory to use the device." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14157 +#: book.translate.xml:14173 msgid "xxx: can't open /dev/dsp!" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:14159 +#: book.translate.xml:14175 msgid "" "Type fstat | grep dsp to check if another application is " "holding the device open. Noteworthy troublemakers are esoundHDMI. This sound device is sometimes enumerated before " @@ -22495,7 +22508,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14179 +#: book.translate.xml:14195 #, no-wrap msgid "" "...\n" @@ -22518,7 +22531,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14197 +#: book.translate.xml:14213 msgid "" "In this example, the graphics card (NVidia) has been " "enumerated before the sound card (Realtek ALC889). To use " @@ -22527,13 +22540,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14204 +#: book.translate.xml:14220 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl hw.snd.default_unit=n" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14206 +#: book.translate.xml:14222 msgid "" "where n is the number of the sound device to use. In this " "example, it should be 4. Make this change permanent by " @@ -22541,18 +22554,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14212 +#: book.translate.xml:14228 #, no-wrap msgid "hw.snd.default_unit=4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:14217 +#: book.translate.xml:14233 msgid "Utilizing Multiple Sound Sources" msgstr "使用多個音效來源" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:14220 +#: book.translate.xml:14236 msgid "" " Munish Chopra Contributed by " @@ -22559,7 +22572,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14230 +#: book.translate.xml:14246 msgid "" "It is often desirable to have multiple sources of sound that are able to " "play simultaneously. FreeBSD uses Virtual Sound Channels to " @@ -22567,7 +22580,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14235 +#: book.translate.xml:14251 msgid "" "Three sysctl8 knobs are available for configuring virtual " @@ -22575,7 +22588,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14238 +#: book.translate.xml:14254 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4\n" @@ -22584,7 +22597,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14242 +#: book.translate.xml:14258 msgid "" "This example allocates four virtual channels, which is a practical number " "for everyday use. Both dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4 and " @@ -22599,7 +22612,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:14255 +#: book.translate.xml:14271 msgid "" "The number of virtual channels for a device cannot be changed while it is in " "use. First, close any programs using the device, such as music players or " @@ -22607,7 +22620,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14260 +#: book.translate.xml:14276 msgid "" "The correct pcm device will automatically be allocated " "transparently to a program that requests /dev/dsp0." @@ -22614,12 +22627,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:14267 +#: book.translate.xml:14283 msgid "Setting Default Values for Mixer Channels" msgstr "設定混音器頻道的預設值" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:14270 +#: book.translate.xml:14286 msgid "" " Josef El-Rayes Contributed by " @@ -22626,7 +22639,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14280 +#: book.translate.xml:14296 msgid "" "The default values for the different mixer channels are hardcoded in the " "source code of the pcm50 " "when the pcm4 Chern Lee Contributed by " @@ -22665,7 +22678,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14312 +#: book.translate.xml:14328 msgid "" "This section describes some MP3 players available for " "FreeBSD, how to rip audio CD tracks, and how to encode " @@ -22673,12 +22686,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14318 +#: book.translate.xml:14334 msgid "MP3 Players" msgstr "MP3 播放器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14320 +#: book.translate.xml:14336 msgid "" "A popular graphical MP3 player is XMMS. It supports Winamp skins and " @@ -22690,7 +22703,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14330 +#: book.translate.xml:14346 msgid "" "The audio/mpg123 package or port provides an alternative, " "command-line MP3 player. Once installed, specify the " @@ -22699,7 +22712,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14336 +#: book.translate.xml:14352 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mpg123 -a /dev/dsp1.0 Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3\n" @@ -22712,7 +22725,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14344 +#: book.translate.xml:14360 msgid "" "Additional MP3 players are available in the FreeBSD Ports " "Collection." @@ -22719,12 +22732,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14349 +#: book.translate.xml:14365 msgid "Ripping CD Audio Tracks" msgstr "擷取 CD 音軌" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14351 +#: book.translate.xml:14367 msgid "" "Before encoding a CD or CD track to " "MP3, the audio data on the CD must be " @@ -22734,7 +22747,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14358 +#: book.translate.xml:14374 msgid "" "The cdda2wav tool, which is installed with the " "sysutils/cdrtools suite, can be used to rip audio " @@ -22742,7 +22755,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14363 +#: book.translate.xml:14379 msgid "" "With the audio CD in the drive, the following command can " "be issued as root to rip an " @@ -22751,13 +22764,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14369 +#: book.translate.xml:14385 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -B" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14371 +#: book.translate.xml:14387 msgid "" "In this example, the " "indicates the SCSI device 0,1,0 " @@ -22766,29 +22779,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14378 +#: book.translate.xml:14394 msgid "To rip individual tracks, use to specify the track:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14381 +#: book.translate.xml:14397 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14383 +#: book.translate.xml:14399 msgid "To rip a range of tracks, such as track one to seven, specify a range:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14386 +#: book.translate.xml:14402 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 1+7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14388 +#: book.translate.xml:14404 msgid "" "To rip from an ATAPI (IDE) " "CDROM drive, specify the device name in place of the " @@ -22797,13 +22810,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14394 +#: book.translate.xml:14410 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdda2wav -D /dev/acd0 -t 7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14396 +#: book.translate.xml:14412 msgid "" "Alternately, dd can be used to extract audio tracks on " "ATAPI drives, as described in Lame is a popular MP3 encoder " "which can be installed from the audio/lame port. Due to " @@ -22824,7 +22837,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14409 +#: book.translate.xml:14425 msgid "" "The following command will convert the ripped WAV file " "audio01.wav to " @@ -22832,7 +22845,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14414 +#: book.translate.xml:14430 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lame -h -b 128 --tt \"Foo Song Title\" --ta \"FooBar Artist\" --tl \"FooBar Album\" \\\n" @@ -22840,7 +22853,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14417 +#: book.translate.xml:14433 msgid "" "The specified 128 kbits is a standard MP3 bitrate while " "the 160 and 192 bitrates provide higher quality. The higher the bitrate, the " @@ -22853,7 +22866,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14430 +#: book.translate.xml:14446 msgid "" "In order to burn an audio CD from MP3s, they must first be converted to a non-compressed file format. " @@ -22864,7 +22877,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14438 +#: book.translate.xml:14454 msgid "" "To convert audio01.mp3 using mpg123, specify the name of the PCM file:" @@ -22871,13 +22884,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14442 +#: book.translate.xml:14458 #, no-wrap msgid "# mpg123 -s audio01.mp3 > audio01.pcm" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14444 +#: book.translate.xml:14460 msgid "" "To use XMMS to convert a MP3 " "to WAV format, use these steps:" @@ -22884,7 +22897,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:14449 +#: book.translate.xml:14465 msgid "" "Converting to WAV Format in XMMS" @@ -22891,38 +22904,38 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14453 +#: book.translate.xml:14469 msgid "Launch XMMS." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14457 +#: book.translate.xml:14473 msgid "" "Right-click the window to bring up the XMMS menu." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14462 +#: book.translate.xml:14478 msgid "Select Preferences under Options." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14467 +#: book.translate.xml:14483 msgid "Change the Output Plugin to Disk Writer Plugin." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14472 +#: book.translate.xml:14488 msgid "Press Configure." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14476 +#: book.translate.xml:14492 msgid "Enter or browse to a directory to write the uncompressed files to." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14481 +#: book.translate.xml:14497 msgid "" "Load the MP3 file into XMMS as " "usual, with volume at 100% and EQ settings turned off." @@ -22929,7 +22942,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14487 +#: book.translate.xml:14503 msgid "" "Press Play. The XMMS will " "appear as if it is playing the MP3, but no music will be " @@ -22937,7 +22950,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14495 +#: book.translate.xml:14511 msgid "" "When finished, be sure to set the default Output Plugin back to what it was " "before in order to listen to MP3s again." @@ -22944,7 +22957,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14501 +#: book.translate.xml:14517 msgid "" "Both the WAV and PCM formats can be " "used with cdrecord. When using WAV% sox -t wav -r 44100 -s -w -c 2 track.wav track.raw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14511 +#: book.translate.xml:14527 msgid "" "Refer to for more information on using a " "CD burner in FreeBSD." @@ -22968,12 +22981,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:14519 +#: book.translate.xml:14535 msgid "Video Playback" msgstr "影片播放" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:14522 +#: book.translate.xml:14538 msgid "" " Ross Lippert Contributed by " @@ -22980,7 +22993,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14532 +#: book.translate.xml:14548 msgid "" "Before configuring video playback, determine the model and chipset of the " "video card. While Xorg supports a wide variety of " @@ -22991,7 +23004,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14541 +#: book.translate.xml:14557 msgid "" "It is a good idea to have a short MPEG test file for evaluating various " "players and options. Since some DVD applications look for " @@ -23001,13 +23014,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14548 +#: book.translate.xml:14564 #, no-wrap msgid "# ln -sf /dev/cd0 /dev/dvd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14550 +#: book.translate.xml:14566 msgid "" "Due to the nature of devfs5, manually created " @@ -23017,13 +23030,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14555 +#: book.translate.xml:14571 #, no-wrap msgid "link cd0 dvd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14557 +#: book.translate.xml:14573 msgid "" "DVD decryption invokes certain functions that require " "write permission to the DVD device." @@ -23030,7 +23043,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14561 +#: book.translate.xml:14577 msgid "" "To enhance the shared memory Xorg interface, it " "is recommended to increase the values of these " @@ -23039,7 +23052,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14566 +#: book.translate.xml:14582 #, no-wrap msgid "" "kern.ipc.shmmax=67108864\n" @@ -23047,27 +23060,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14570 +#: book.translate.xml:14586 msgid "Determining Video Capabilities" msgstr "偵測影像處理能力" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14572 +#: book.translate.xml:14588 msgid "XVideo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14573 +#: book.translate.xml:14589 msgid "SDL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14574 +#: book.translate.xml:14590 msgid "DGA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14576 +#: book.translate.xml:14592 msgid "" "There are several possible ways to display video under Xorg and what works is largely hardware dependent. Each method " @@ -23075,17 +23088,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14581 +#: book.translate.xml:14597 msgid "Common video interfaces include:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14585 +#: book.translate.xml:14601 msgid "Xorg: normal output using shared memory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14590 +#: book.translate.xml:14606 msgid "" "XVideo: an extension to the Xorg interface which " "allows video to be directly displayed in drawable objects through a special " @@ -23095,7 +23108,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14600 +#: book.translate.xml:14616 msgid "" "SDL: the Simple Directmedia Layer is a porting layer for " "many operating systems, allowing cross-platform applications to be developed " @@ -23107,7 +23120,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14612 +#: book.translate.xml:14628 msgid "" "DGA: the Direct Graphics Access is an Xorg extension which allows a program to bypass the " @@ -23121,34 +23134,34 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14627 +#: book.translate.xml:14643 msgid "SVGAlib: a low level console graphics layer." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:14632 +#: book.translate.xml:14648 msgid "XVideo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14634 +#: book.translate.xml:14650 msgid "" "To check whether this extension is running, use xvinfo:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14637 +#: book.translate.xml:14653 #, no-wrap msgid "% xvinfo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14639 +#: book.translate.xml:14655 msgid "XVideo is supported for the card if the result is similar to:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14642 +#: book.translate.xml:14658 #, no-wrap msgid "" "X-Video Extension version 2.2\n" @@ -23222,7 +23235,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14711 +#: book.translate.xml:14727 msgid "" "The formats listed, such as YUV2 and YUV12, are not present with every " "implementation of XVideo and their absence may hinder some players." @@ -23229,12 +23242,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14715 +#: book.translate.xml:14731 msgid "If the result instead looks like:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14717 +#: book.translate.xml:14733 #, no-wrap msgid "" "X-Video Extension version 2.2\n" @@ -23243,7 +23256,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14721 +#: book.translate.xml:14737 msgid "" "XVideo is probably not supported for the card. This means that it will be " "more difficult for the display to meet the computational demands of " @@ -23251,22 +23264,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14729 +#: book.translate.xml:14745 msgid "Ports and Packages Dealing with Video" msgstr "可處理影像的 Port 與套件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14731 +#: book.translate.xml:14747 msgid "video ports" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14732 +#: book.translate.xml:14748 msgid "video packages" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14734 +#: book.translate.xml:14750 msgid "" "This section introduces some of the software available from the FreeBSD " "Ports Collection which can be used for video playback." @@ -23273,7 +23286,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:14739 +#: book.translate.xml:14755 msgid "" "MPlayer and MEncoder" msgstr "" @@ -23280,7 +23293,7 @@ "MPlayer 與 MEncoder" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14742 +#: book.translate.xml:14758 msgid "" "MPlayer is a command-line video player with an " "optional graphical interface which aims to provide speed and flexibility. " @@ -23289,12 +23302,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14748 +#: book.translate.xml:14764 msgid "MPlayer" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14750 +#: book.translate.xml:14766 msgid "" "MPlayer can be installed using the " "multimedia/mplayer package or port. Several compile " @@ -23304,7 +23317,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14757 +#: book.translate.xml:14773 msgid "" "When compiling the port, the menu options should be reviewed to determine " "the type of support to compile into the port. If an option is not selected, " @@ -23315,7 +23328,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14766 +#: book.translate.xml:14782 msgid "" "By default, the package or port will build the mplayer " "command line utility and the gmplayer graphical utility. " @@ -23325,7 +23338,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14773 +#: book.translate.xml:14789 msgid "" "The first time MPlayer is run, it will create " "~/.mplayer in the user's home directory. This " @@ -23334,7 +23347,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14778 +#: book.translate.xml:14794 msgid "" "This section describes only a few common uses. Refer to mplayer(1) for a " "complete description of its numerous options." @@ -23341,7 +23354,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14782 +#: book.translate.xml:14798 msgid "" "To play the file testfile.avi, specify the video interfaces with , as seen " @@ -23349,37 +23362,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14787 +#: book.translate.xml:14803 #, no-wrap msgid "% mplayer -vo xv testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14789 +#: book.translate.xml:14805 #, no-wrap msgid "% mplayer -vo sdl testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14791 +#: book.translate.xml:14807 #, no-wrap msgid "% mplayer -vo x11 testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14793 +#: book.translate.xml:14809 #, no-wrap msgid "# mplayer -vo dga testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14795 +#: book.translate.xml:14811 #, no-wrap msgid "# mplayer -vo 'sdl:dga' testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14797 +#: book.translate.xml:14813 msgid "" "It is worth trying all of these options, as their relative performance " "depends on many factors and will vary significantly with hardware." @@ -23386,7 +23399,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14801 +#: book.translate.xml:14817 msgid "" "To play a DVD, replace testfile." "avi with , which " "engages fullscreen mode, and , which helps " @@ -23428,7 +23441,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14831 +#: book.translate.xml:14847 msgid "" "Each user can add commonly used options to their ~/.mplayer/" "config like so:" @@ -23435,7 +23448,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14834 +#: book.translate.xml:14850 #, no-wrap msgid "" "vo=xv\n" @@ -23444,7 +23457,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14838 +#: book.translate.xml:14854 msgid "" "mplayer can be used to rip a DVD title " "to a .vob. To dump the second title from a " @@ -23452,13 +23465,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14843 +#: book.translate.xml:14859 #, no-wrap msgid "# mplayer -dumpstream -dumpfile out.vob dvd://2 -dvd-device /dev/dvd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14845 +#: book.translate.xml:14861 msgid "" "The output file, out.vob, will be in MPEG format." @@ -23465,7 +23478,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14848 +#: book.translate.xml:14864 msgid "" "Anyone wishing to obtain a high level of expertise with UNIX video should consult mencoder" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14858 +#: book.translate.xml:14874 msgid "" "Before using mencoder, it is a good idea to become " "familiar with the options described at % mencoder input.avi -oac copy -ovc copy -o output.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14871 +#: book.translate.xml:14887 msgid "" "To rip to a file, use with mplayer." @@ -23511,7 +23524,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14874 +#: book.translate.xml:14890 msgid "" "To convert input.avi to the " "MPEG4 codec with MPEG3 audio encoding, first install the audio/" @@ -23520,7 +23533,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14881 +#: book.translate.xml:14897 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% mencoder input.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts br=192 \\\n" @@ -23528,7 +23541,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14884 +#: book.translate.xml:14900 msgid "" "This will produce output playable by applications such as mplayer and xine." @@ -23535,7 +23548,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14888 +#: book.translate.xml:14904 msgid "" "input.avi can be replaced " "with and run as xine Video Player" msgstr "xine 影像播放器" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14901 +#: book.translate.xml:14917 msgid "" "xine is a video player with a reusable base " "library and a modular executable which can be extended with plugins. It can " @@ -23558,7 +23571,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14906 +#: book.translate.xml:14922 msgid "" "In practice, xine requires either a fast CPU with " "a fast video card, or support for the XVideo extension. The " @@ -23567,7 +23580,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14911 +#: book.translate.xml:14927 msgid "" "By default, the xine player starts a graphical " "user interface. The menus can then be used to open a specific file." @@ -23574,7 +23587,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14915 +#: book.translate.xml:14931 msgid "" "Alternatively, xine may be invoked from the " "command line by specifying the name of the file to play:" @@ -23581,13 +23594,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14919 +#: book.translate.xml:14935 #, no-wrap msgid "% xine -g -p mymovie.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14921 +#: book.translate.xml:14937 msgid "" "Refer to xine-project." "org/faq for more information and troubleshooting tips." @@ -23594,12 +23607,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:14927 +#: book.translate.xml:14943 msgid "The Transcode Utilities" msgstr "Transcode 工具" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14930 +#: book.translate.xml:14946 msgid "" "Transcode provides a suite of tools for re-" "encoding video and audio files. Transcode can be " @@ -23608,7 +23621,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14936 +#: book.translate.xml:14952 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, Transcode can be installed using the " "multimedia/transcode package or port. Many users prefer " @@ -23621,7 +23634,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14947 +#: book.translate.xml:14963 msgid "" "This example demonstrates how to convert a DivX file into a PAL MPEG-1 file " "(PAL VCD):" @@ -23628,7 +23641,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14950 +#: book.translate.xml:14966 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% transcode -i input.avi -V --export_prof vcd-pal -o output_vcd\n" @@ -23636,7 +23649,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14953 +#: book.translate.xml:14969 msgid "" "The resulting MPEG file, " "output_vcd.mpg, is ready to " @@ -23647,7 +23660,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14962 +#: book.translate.xml:14978 msgid "" "In addition to the manual page for transcode, refer to " " Josef El-Rayes Original contribution by " @@ -23668,7 +23681,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:14984 +#: book.translate.xml:15000 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille Enhanced and adapted by " @@ -23675,12 +23688,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14994 +#: book.translate.xml:15010 msgid "TV cards" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14998 +#: book.translate.xml:15014 msgid "" "TV cards can be used to watch broadcast or cable TV on a computer. Most " "cards accept composite video via an RCA or S-video input " @@ -23691,7 +23704,7 @@ "FM 廣播的功能。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15003 +#: book.translate.xml:15019 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides support for PCI-based TV cards using a Brooktree " "Bt848/849/878/879 video capture chip with the " @@ -23709,12 +23722,12 @@ "manvolnum> 說明，以查看所支援的硬體清單。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15010 +#: book.translate.xml:15026 msgid "Loading the Driver" msgstr "載入驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15012 +#: book.translate.xml:15028 msgid "" "In order to use the card, the bktr4 driver must be loaded. " @@ -23726,13 +23739,13 @@ "在 /boot/loader.conf 檔加上下面這一行就可以了：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15016 +#: book.translate.xml:15032 #, no-wrap msgid "bktr_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15018 +#: book.translate.xml:15034 msgid "" "Alternatively, one can statically compile support for the TV card into a " "custom kernel. In that case, add the following lines to the custom kernel " @@ -23742,7 +23755,7 @@ "加入以下行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15023 +#: book.translate.xml:15039 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device\t bktr\n" @@ -23752,7 +23765,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15028 +#: book.translate.xml:15044 msgid "" "These additional devices are necessary as the card components are " "interconnected via an I2C bus. Then, build and install a new kernel." @@ -23761,7 +23774,7 @@ "連接的。接下來，請編譯、安裝新的核心 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15032 +#: book.translate.xml:15048 msgid "" "To test that the tuner is correctly detected, reboot the system. The TV card " "should appear in the boot messages, as seen in this example:" @@ -23770,7 +23783,7 @@ "機訊息檔中，如同此範例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15036 +#: book.translate.xml:15052 #, no-wrap msgid "" "bktr0: <BrookTree 848A> mem 0xd7000000-0xd7000fff irq 10 at device 10.0 on pci0\n" @@ -23782,7 +23795,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15043 +#: book.translate.xml:15059 msgid "" "The messages will differ according to the hardware. If necessary, it is " "possible to override some of the detected parameters using " @@ -23797,13 +23810,13 @@ "SECAM 調諧器則可加入下列行至自訂核心設定檔：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15050 +#: book.translate.xml:15066 #, no-wrap msgid "options OVERRIDE_TUNER=6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15052 +#: book.translate.xml:15068 msgid "" "or, use sysctl8:" @@ -23812,13 +23825,13 @@ "manvolnum>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15054 +#: book.translate.xml:15070 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl hw.bt848.tuner=6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15056 +#: book.translate.xml:15072 msgid "" "Refer to bktr4 for a description of the available " @@ -23831,17 +23844,17 @@ "項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15061 +#: book.translate.xml:15077 msgid "Useful Applications" msgstr "好用的應用程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15063 +#: book.translate.xml:15079 msgid "To use the TV card, install one of the following applications:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15068 +#: book.translate.xml:15084 msgid "" "multimedia/fxtv provides TV-in-a-window and image/audio/" "video capture capabilities." @@ -23848,7 +23861,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15073 +#: book.translate.xml:15089 msgid "" "multimedia/xawtv is another TV application with similar " "features." @@ -23855,7 +23868,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15077 +#: book.translate.xml:15093 msgid "" "audio/xmradio provides an application for using the FM " "radio tuner of a TV card." @@ -23862,12 +23875,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15083 +#: book.translate.xml:15099 msgid "More applications are available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15090 +#: book.translate.xml:15106 msgid "" "If any problems are encountered with the TV card, check that the video " "capture chip and the tuner are supported by " @@ -23879,12 +23892,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:15099 +#: book.translate.xml:15115 msgid "MythTV" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15101 +#: book.translate.xml:15117 msgid "" "MythTV is a popular, open source Personal Video Recorder (PVR) application. This section demonstrates how to install and setup " @@ -23893,7 +23906,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15106 +#: book.translate.xml:15122 msgid "" "MythTV requires a frontend and a backend. These components can either be " "installed on the same system or on different machines." @@ -23900,7 +23913,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15110 +#: book.translate.xml:15126 msgid "" "The frontend can be installed on FreeBSD using the multimedia/" "mythtv-frontend package or port. Xorg " @@ -23911,7 +23924,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15119 +#: book.translate.xml:15135 msgid "" "To install both the backend and the frontend on FreeBSD, use the " "multimedia/mythtv package or port. A MySQLV4L) to access video input " "devices such as encoders and tuners. In FreeBSD, MythTV works best with " @@ -23945,7 +23958,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15147 +#: book.translate.xml:15163 msgid "" "The wiki.freebsd.org/HTPC page contains a list of all available DVB drivers." @@ -23952,17 +23965,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15153 +#: book.translate.xml:15169 msgid "Setting up the MythTV Backend" msgstr "設定 MythTV 後端" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15155 +#: book.translate.xml:15171 msgid "To install MythTV using the port:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15157 +#: book.translate.xml:15173 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mythtv\n" @@ -23970,34 +23983,34 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15160 +#: book.translate.xml:15176 msgid "Once installed, set up the MythTV database:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15162 +#: book.translate.xml:15178 #, no-wrap msgid "# mysql -uroot -p < /usr/local/share/mythtv/database/mc.sql" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15164 +#: book.translate.xml:15180 msgid "Then, configure the backend:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15166 +#: book.translate.xml:15182 #, no-wrap msgid "# mythtv-setup" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15168 +#: book.translate.xml:15184 msgid "Finally, start the backend:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15170 +#: book.translate.xml:15186 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# echo 'mythbackend_enable=\"YES\"' >> /etc/rc.conf\n" @@ -24005,12 +24018,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:15177 +#: book.translate.xml:15193 msgid "Image Scanners" msgstr "影像掃描器" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:15180 +#: book.translate.xml:15196 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille Written by " @@ -24017,12 +24030,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15190 +#: book.translate.xml:15206 msgid "image scanners" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15194 +#: book.translate.xml:15210 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, access to image scanners is provided by SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy), which is available in the FreeBSD " @@ -24031,7 +24044,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15200 +#: book.translate.xml:15216 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports both SCSI and USB " "scanners. Depending upon the scanner interface, different device drivers are " @@ -24043,7 +24056,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15208 +#: book.translate.xml:15224 msgid "" "This chapter describes how to determine if the scanner has been detected by " "FreeBSD. It then provides an overview of how to configure and use " @@ -24051,12 +24064,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15214 +#: book.translate.xml:15230 msgid "Checking the Scanner" msgstr "檢查掃描器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15216 +#: book.translate.xml:15232 msgid "" "The GENERIC kernel includes the device drivers needed " "to support USB scanners. Users with a custom kernel " @@ -24065,7 +24078,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15222 +#: book.translate.xml:15238 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device usb\n" @@ -24075,7 +24088,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15227 +#: book.translate.xml:15243 msgid "" "To determine if the USB scanner is detected, plug it in " "and use dmesg to determine whether the scanner appears in " @@ -24084,13 +24097,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15233 +#: book.translate.xml:15249 #, no-wrap msgid "ugen0.2: <EPSON> at usbus0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15235 +#: book.translate.xml:15251 msgid "" "In this example, an EPSON Perfection 1650 USB scanner was detected on /" @@ -24098,7 +24111,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15240 +#: book.translate.xml:15256 msgid "" "If the scanner uses a SCSI interface, it is important to " "know which SCSI controller board it will use. Depending " @@ -24112,7 +24125,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15252 +#: book.translate.xml:15268 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device scbus\n" @@ -24120,12 +24133,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15255 +#: book.translate.xml:15271 msgid "Verify that the device is displayed in the system message buffer:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15258 +#: book.translate.xml:15274 #, no-wrap msgid "" "pass2 at aic0 bus 0 target 2 lun 0\n" @@ -24134,7 +24147,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15262 +#: book.translate.xml:15278 msgid "" "If the scanner was not powered-on at system boot, it is still possible to " "manually force detection by performing a SCSI bus scan " @@ -24142,7 +24155,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15267 +#: book.translate.xml:15283 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# camcontrol rescan all\n" @@ -24153,13 +24166,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15273 +#: book.translate.xml:15289 msgid "" "The scanner should now appear in the SCSI devices list:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15276 +#: book.translate.xml:15292 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# camcontrol devlist\n" @@ -24170,7 +24183,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15282 +#: book.translate.xml:15298 msgid "" "Refer to scsi4 and camcontrolSANE Configuration" msgstr "SANE 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15289 +#: book.translate.xml:15305 msgid "" "The SANE system is split in two parts: the " "backends (graphics/sane-backends) and the frontends " @@ -24199,7 +24212,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15302 +#: book.translate.xml:15318 msgid "" "After installing the graphics/sane-backends port or " "package, use sane-find-scanner to check the scanner " @@ -24207,7 +24220,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15308 +#: book.translate.xml:15324 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sane-find-scanner -q\n" @@ -24215,7 +24228,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15311 +#: book.translate.xml:15327 msgid "" "The output should show the interface type of the scanner and the device node " "used to attach the scanner to the system. The vendor and the product model " @@ -24223,7 +24236,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:15316 +#: book.translate.xml:15332 msgid "" "Some USB scanners require firmware to be loaded. Refer to " "sane-find-scanner(1) and sane(7) for details." @@ -24230,7 +24243,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15321 +#: book.translate.xml:15337 msgid "" "Next, check if the scanner will be identified by a scanning frontend. The " "SANE backends include scanimage# scanimage -L\n" @@ -24251,7 +24264,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15334 +#: book.translate.xml:15350 msgid "" "In this second example, 'epson2:libusb:/dev/usb:/dev/ugen0.2' is the backend name (epson2) and /dev/" @@ -24259,7 +24272,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15340 +#: book.translate.xml:15356 msgid "" "If scanimage is unable to identify the scanner, this " "message will appear:" @@ -24266,7 +24279,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15343 +#: book.translate.xml:15359 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# scanimage -L\n" @@ -24278,7 +24291,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15350 +#: book.translate.xml:15366 msgid "" "If this happens, edit the backend configuration file in /usr/local/" "etc/sane.d/ and define the scanner device used. For example, if " @@ -24290,13 +24303,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15360 +#: book.translate.xml:15376 #, no-wrap msgid "usb /dev/ugen0.2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15362 +#: book.translate.xml:15378 msgid "" "Save the edits and verify that the scanner is identified with the right " "backend name and the device node:" @@ -24303,7 +24316,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15365 +#: book.translate.xml:15381 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# scanimage -L\n" @@ -24311,7 +24324,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15368 +#: book.translate.xml:15384 msgid "" "Once scanimage -L sees the scanner, the configuration is " "complete and the scanner is now ready to use." @@ -24318,7 +24331,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15372 +#: book.translate.xml:15388 msgid "" "While scanimage can be used to perform an image " "acquisition from the command line, it is often preferable to use a graphical " @@ -24328,7 +24341,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15379 +#: book.translate.xml:15395 msgid "" "Alternately, xsane, which is installed with the " "graphics/xsane package or port, is another popular " @@ -24338,12 +24351,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15388 +#: book.translate.xml:15404 msgid "Scanner Permissions" msgstr "掃描器權限" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15390 +#: book.translate.xml:15406 msgid "" "In order to have access to the scanner, a user needs read and write " "permissions to the device node used by the scanner. In the previous example, " @@ -24359,7 +24372,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15403 +#: book.translate.xml:15419 msgid "" "This example creates a group called usb:" @@ -24366,13 +24379,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15405 +#: book.translate.xml:15421 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupadd usb" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15407 +#: book.translate.xml:15423 msgid "" "Then, make the /dev/ugen0.2 symlink and the /" "dev/usb/0.2.0 device node accessible to the usb in order to allow access to the scanner:" @@ -24398,13 +24411,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15421 +#: book.translate.xml:15437 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod usb -m joe" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15423 +#: book.translate.xml:15439 msgid "" "For more details refer to pw8." @@ -24411,18 +24424,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:15453 +#: book.translate.xml:15469 msgid "Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel" msgstr "設定 FreeBSD 核心" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15458 +#: book.translate.xml:15474 msgid "" "kernel building a custom kernel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15463 +#: book.translate.xml:15479 msgid "" "The kernel is the core of the FreeBSD operating system. It is responsible " "for managing memory, enforcing security controls, networking, disk access, " @@ -24434,38 +24447,38 @@ "定並編譯自訂的核心。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15473 +#: book.translate.xml:15489 msgid "When to build a custom kernel." msgstr "何時需要編譯自訂核心。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15477 +#: book.translate.xml:15493 msgid "How to take a hardware inventory." msgstr "如何取得硬體資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15481 +#: book.translate.xml:15497 msgid "How to customize a kernel configuration file." msgstr "如何量身訂做核心設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15485 +#: book.translate.xml:15501 msgid "" "How to use the kernel configuration file to create and build a new kernel." msgstr "如何使用核心設定檔來建立並編譯新的核心。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15490 +#: book.translate.xml:15506 msgid "How to install the new kernel." msgstr "如何安裝新的核心。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15494 +#: book.translate.xml:15510 msgid "How to troubleshoot if things go wrong." msgstr "發生錯誤時如何排除問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15498 +#: book.translate.xml:15514 msgid "" "All of the commands listed in the examples in this chapter should be " "executed as root." @@ -24474,12 +24487,12 @@ "systemitem> 來執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:15503 +#: book.translate.xml:15519 msgid "Why Build a Custom Kernel?" msgstr "為何要編譯自訂的核心?" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15505 +#: book.translate.xml:15521 msgid "" "Traditionally, FreeBSD used a monolithic kernel. The kernel was one large " "program, supported a fixed list of devices, and in order to change the " @@ -24490,20 +24503,20 @@ "重新開機，才能使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15510 +#: book.translate.xml:15526 msgid "" "Today, most of the functionality in the FreeBSD kernel is contained in " "modules which can be dynamically loaded and unloaded from the kernel as " "necessary. This allows the running kernel to adapt immediately to new " -"hardware or for new functionality to be brought into the kernel. This is " +"hardware and for new functionality to be brought into the kernel. This is " "known as a modular kernel." msgstr "" -"現在，大多數在 FreeBSD 核心的功能已採用模組 (Module) 的方式包裝，可以依據需求" -"動態在核心載入或卸載。 這使得核心能夠快速採用新硬體環境的新功能，就叫做模組化" -"核心 (Modular Kernel)。" +"現今，大多數在 FreeBSD 核心的功能已採用模組 (Module) 的方式包裝，並可依需求動" +"態從核心載入或卸載。 這使得執行中的核心能夠快速適應新硬體環境並在核心開啟新的" +"功能，這就是所謂模組化核心 (Modular Kernel)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15517 +#: book.translate.xml:15533 msgid "" "Occasionally, it is still necessary to perform static kernel configuration. " "Sometimes the needed functionality is so tied to the kernel that it can not " @@ -24516,7 +24529,7 @@ "載核心模組，且只要將需要的功能靜態的編譯到核心當中。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15524 +#: book.translate.xml:15540 msgid "" "Building a custom kernel is often a rite of passage for advanced BSD users. " "This process, while time consuming, can provide benefits to the FreeBSD " @@ -24530,7 +24543,7 @@ "『自己硬體』的部分就好。 自訂核心有許多項優點，如︰" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15534 +#: book.translate.xml:15550 msgid "" "Faster boot time. Since the kernel will only probe the hardware on the " "system, the time it takes the system to boot can decrease." @@ -24539,7 +24552,7 @@ "流暢快速。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15540 +#: book.translate.xml:15556 msgid "" "Lower memory usage. A custom kernel often uses less memory than the " "GENERIC kernel by omitting unused features and device " @@ -24553,7 +24566,7 @@ "使用。因此，自訂核心對於記憶體較小的系統來說，發揮很大的作用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15551 +#: book.translate.xml:15567 msgid "" "Additional hardware support. A custom kernel can add support for devices " "which are not present in the GENERIC kernel." @@ -24562,7 +24575,7 @@ "提供的硬體支援。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15557 +#: book.translate.xml:15573 msgid "" "Before building a custom kernel, consider the reason for doing so. If there " "is a need for specific hardware support, it may already exist as a module." @@ -24571,7 +24584,7 @@ "已有既有的模組可以使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15561 +#: book.translate.xml:15577 msgid "" "Kernel modules exist in /boot/kernel and may be " "dynamically loaded into the running kernel using " @@ -24589,7 +24602,7 @@ "其操作手冊有以下資訊：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15567 +#: book.translate.xml:15583 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place the\n" @@ -24599,7 +24612,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15572 +#: book.translate.xml:15588 msgid "" "Adding if_ath_load=\"YES\" to /boot/loader." "conf will load this module dynamically at boot time." @@ -24608,7 +24621,7 @@ "filename> 會於開機期間自動載入這個模組。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15576 +#: book.translate.xml:15592 msgid "" "In some cases, there is no associated module in /boot/kernel. This is mostly true for certain subsystems." @@ -24617,12 +24630,12 @@ "統大多是真的。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:15593 +#: book.translate.xml:15609 msgid "Finding the System Hardware" msgstr "偵測系統硬體" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15595 +#: book.translate.xml:15611 msgid "" "Before editing the kernel configuration file, it is recommended to perform " "an inventory of the machine's hardware. On a dual-boot system, the inventory " @@ -24636,7 +24649,7 @@ "application> (Device Manager) 內會有目前已安裝的硬體資訊。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:15603 +#: book.translate.xml:15619 msgid "" "Some versions of Microsoft Windows have a " @@ -24648,7 +24661,7 @@ "(System) 圖示可用來進入 裝置管理員。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15608 +#: book.translate.xml:15624 msgid "" "If FreeBSD is the only installed operating system, use " "dmesg8 驅動程式偵測到了一隻滑鼠：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15615 +#: book.translate.xml:15631 #, no-wrap msgid "" "psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0\n" @@ -24676,7 +24689,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15620 +#: book.translate.xml:15636 msgid "" "Since this hardware exists, this driver should not be removed from a custom " "kernel configuration file." @@ -24683,7 +24696,7 @@ msgstr "因為該硬體存在，此驅動程式便不應該從自訂核心設定檔中移除。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15623 +#: book.translate.xml:15639 msgid "" "If the output of dmesg does not display the results of " "the boot probe output, instead read the contents of /var/run/dmesg." @@ -24693,7 +24706,7 @@ "/var/run/dmesg.boot 檔案的內容。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15627 +#: book.translate.xml:15643 msgid "" "Another tool for finding hardware is pciconf8, which provides more " @@ -24704,7 +24717,7 @@ "訊，該工具會列出更詳細的硬體資訊如：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15630 +#: book.translate.xml:15646 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% pciconf -lv\n" @@ -24716,7 +24729,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15637 +#: book.translate.xml:15653 msgid "" "This output shows that the ath driver located a " "wireless Ethernet device." @@ -24725,25 +24738,25 @@ "置。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15640 +#: book.translate.xml:15656 msgid "" "The flag of man1 can be used to provide " -"useful information. For example, to display a list of manual pages which " -"contain the specified word:" +"useful information. For example, it can be used to display a list of manual " +"pages which contain a particular device brand or name:" msgstr "" "在 man1 指令加上 參數，可提供有用的資訊，例如，列出" -"有包含指定關鍵字的手冊頁面清單：" +"citerefentry> 指令加上 旗標可提供有用的資訊，例如，這可列" +"出有包含指定裝置品牌或名稱的手冊頁面清單：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15644 +#: book.translate.xml:15661 #, no-wrap msgid "# man -k Atheros" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15646 +#: book.translate.xml:15663 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ath(4) - Atheros IEEE 802.11 wireless network driver\n" @@ -24751,7 +24764,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15649 +#: book.translate.xml:15666 msgid "" "Once the hardware inventory list is created, refer to it to ensure that " "drivers for installed hardware are not removed as the custom kernel " @@ -24762,12 +24775,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15666 book.translate.xml:44079 +#: book.translate.xml:15683 book.translate.xml:44075 msgid "The Configuration File" msgstr "設定檔" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15668 +#: book.translate.xml:15685 msgid "" "In order to create a custom kernel configuration file and build a custom " "kernel, the full FreeBSD source tree must first be installed." @@ -24775,7 +24788,7 @@ "為了要建立自訂核心設定檔並編譯自訂核心，必須先安裝完整的 FreeBSD 原始碼樹。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15672 +#: book.translate.xml:15689 msgid "" "If /usr/src/ does not exist or it is empty, source has " "not been installed. Source can be installed using Subversion 中的操作說明來安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15677 +#: book.translate.xml:15694 msgid "" "Once source is installed, review the contents of /usr/src/sys. This directory contains a number of subdirectories, including " @@ -24809,7 +24822,7 @@ "filename> 核心設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15691 +#: book.translate.xml:15708 msgid "" "Do not make edits to GENERIC. Instead, copy the file to " "a different name and make edits to the copy. The convention is to use a name " @@ -24826,7 +24839,7 @@ "filename> 設定檔建立了一個複本名稱為 MYKERNEL：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15700 +#: book.translate.xml:15717 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf\n" @@ -24834,7 +24847,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15703 +#: book.translate.xml:15720 msgid "" "MYKERNEL can now be " "customized with any ASCII text editor. The default editor " @@ -24847,22 +24860,22 @@ "做 ee。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15710 +#: book.translate.xml:15727 msgid "kernel NOTES" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15714 +#: book.translate.xml:15731 msgid "NOTES" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15715 +#: book.translate.xml:15732 msgid "kernel configuration file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15720 +#: book.translate.xml:15737 msgid "" "The format of the kernel configuration file is simple. Each line contains a " "keyword that represents a device or subsystem, an argument, and a brief " @@ -24879,7 +24892,7 @@ "除 # 符號。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:15731 +#: book.translate.xml:15748 msgid "" "It is easy to remove support for a device or option and end up with a broken " "kernel. For example, if the ataNOTES, which can be found " @@ -24907,7 +24920,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:15746 +#: book.translate.xml:15763 msgid "" "When finished customizing the kernel configuration file, save a backup copy " "to a location outside of /usr/src." @@ -24915,7 +24928,7 @@ "當完成自訂的核心設定檔，請備份到 /usr/src 位置之外。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:15750 +#: book.translate.xml:15767 msgid "" "Alternately, keep the kernel configuration file elsewhere and create a " "symbolic link to the file:" @@ -24924,7 +24937,7 @@ "案：" #. (itstool) path: tip/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15753 +#: book.translate.xml:15770 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf\n" @@ -24934,7 +24947,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15759 +#: book.translate.xml:15776 msgid "" "An include directive is available for use in " "configuration files. This allows another configuration file to be included " @@ -24949,7 +24962,7 @@ "並設定額外增加的選項，如範例所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15767 +#: book.translate.xml:15784 #, no-wrap msgid "" "include GENERIC\n" @@ -24962,7 +24975,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15775 +#: book.translate.xml:15792 msgid "" "Using this method, the local configuration file expresses local differences " "from a GENERIC kernel. As upgrades are performed, new " @@ -24980,7 +24993,7 @@ "refentrytitle>5 找到。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:15785 +#: book.translate.xml:15802 msgid "" "To build a file which contains all available options, run the following " "command as root:" @@ -24989,18 +25002,18 @@ "systemitem> 執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15788 +#: book.translate.xml:15805 #, no-wrap msgid "# cd /usr/src/sys/arch/conf && make LINT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:16604 +#: book.translate.xml:16621 msgid "Building and Installing a Custom Kernel" msgstr "編譯與安裝自訂核心" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16606 +#: book.translate.xml:16623 msgid "" "Once the edits to the custom configuration file have been saved, the source " "code for the kernel can be compiled using the following steps:" @@ -25007,28 +25020,28 @@ msgstr "完成自訂設定檔的編輯並儲存之後，便可依據以下步驟編譯核心的原始碼：" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:16611 +#: book.translate.xml:16628 msgid "Building a Kernel" msgstr "編譯核心" #. (itstool) path: procedure/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:16613 +#: book.translate.xml:16630 msgid "kernel building / installing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16619 +#: book.translate.xml:16636 msgid "Change to this directory:" msgstr "切換至此目錄：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16621 +#: book.translate.xml:16638 #, no-wrap msgid "# cd /usr/src" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16625 +#: book.translate.xml:16642 msgid "" "Compile the new kernel by specifying the name of the custom kernel " "configuration file:" @@ -25035,13 +25048,13 @@ msgstr "指定自訂核心設定檔的名稱來編譯新的核心：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16628 +#: book.translate.xml:16645 #, no-wrap msgid "# make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16632 +#: book.translate.xml:16649 msgid "" "Install the new kernel associated with the specified kernel configuration " "file. This command will copy the new kernel to /boot/kernel/" @@ -25053,13 +25066,13 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16638 +#: book.translate.xml:16655 #, no-wrap msgid "# make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16642 +#: book.translate.xml:16659 msgid "" "Shutdown the system and reboot into the new kernel. If something goes wrong, " "refer to ." @@ -25068,7 +25081,7 @@ "noboot\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16647 +#: book.translate.xml:16664 msgid "" "By default, when a custom kernel is compiled, all kernel modules are " "rebuilt. To update a kernel faster or to build only custom modules, edit " @@ -25078,7 +25091,7 @@ "自訂的模組，需在開始編譯之前先編輯 /etc/make.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16652 +#: book.translate.xml:16669 msgid "" "For example, this variable specifies the list of modules to build instead of " "using the default of building all modules:" @@ -25085,13 +25098,13 @@ msgstr "例如，使用以下變數可指定要編譯的模組清單來替代預設編譯所有模組的設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16656 +#: book.translate.xml:16673 #, no-wrap msgid "MODULES_OVERRIDE = linux acpi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16658 +#: book.translate.xml:16675 msgid "" "Alternately, this variable lists which modules to exclude from the build " "process:" @@ -25098,13 +25111,13 @@ msgstr "或者，可使用以下變數來從編譯程序中排除要編譯的模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16661 +#: book.translate.xml:16678 #, no-wrap msgid "WITHOUT_MODULES = linux acpi sound" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16663 +#: book.translate.xml:16680 msgid "" "Additional variables are available. Refer to " "make.conf55 取得詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:16666 +#: book.translate.xml:16683 msgid "/boot/kernel.old" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:16672 +#: book.translate.xml:16689 msgid "If Something Goes Wrong" msgstr "如果發生錯誤" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16674 +#: book.translate.xml:16691 msgid "" "There are four categories of trouble that can occur when building a custom " "kernel:" @@ -25131,12 +25144,12 @@ msgstr "當編譯自訂核心時可能發生以下四種類型的問題：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16679 +#: book.translate.xml:16696 msgid "config fails" msgstr "config 失敗" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16682 +#: book.translate.xml:16699 msgid "" "If config fails, it will print the line number that is " "incorrect. As an example, for the following message, make sure that line 17 " @@ -25148,18 +25161,18 @@ "17 行輸入的內容正確：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16688 +#: book.translate.xml:16705 #, no-wrap msgid "config: line 17: syntax error" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16693 +#: book.translate.xml:16710 msgid "make fails" msgstr "make 失敗" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16696 +#: book.translate.xml:16713 msgid "" "If make fails, it is usually due to an error in the " "kernel configuration file which is not severe enough for config 或替換為任何其他已經知道可以正常開機的核心名稱。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16721 +#: book.translate.xml:16738 msgid "" "After booting with a good kernel, check over the configuration file and try " "to build it again. One helpful resource is /var/log/messages 也會印出自本次開機後的核心訊息。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:16729 +#: book.translate.xml:16746 msgid "" "When troubleshooting a kernel, make sure to keep a copy of " "GENERIC, or some other kernel that is known to work, as " @@ -25229,7 +25242,7 @@ "核心目錄。" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16739 +#: book.translate.xml:16756 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mv /boot/kernel /boot/kernel.bad\n" @@ -25237,7 +25250,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16746 +#: book.translate.xml:16763 msgid "" "The kernel works, but ps1 does not" @@ -25246,7 +25259,7 @@ "manvolnum> 無法運作" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16749 +#: book.translate.xml:16766 msgid "" "If the kernel version differs from the one that the system utilities have " "been built with, for example, a kernel built from -CURRENT sources is " @@ -25269,12 +25282,12 @@ "是個好主意。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:16774 +#: book.translate.xml:16791 msgid "Printing" msgstr "列印" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:16777 book.translate.xml:28636 +#: book.translate.xml:16794 book.translate.xml:28653 msgid "" " Warren Block Originally contributed by " @@ -25281,7 +25294,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/para -#: book.translate.xml:16786 +#: book.translate.xml:16803 msgid "" "Putting information on paper is a vital function, despite many attempts to " "eliminate it. Printing has two basic components. The data must be delivered " @@ -25291,7 +25304,7 @@ "本元件組成，包含了資料傳送到印表機的方式以及印表機可以理解的資料形式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16794 +#: book.translate.xml:16811 msgid "" "Basic printing can be set up quickly. The printer must be capable of " "printing plain ASCII text. For printing to other types of " @@ -25302,13 +25315,13 @@ "filters\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16801 +#: book.translate.xml:16818 msgid "Create a directory to store files while they are being printed:" msgstr "建立一個目錄來儲存要被列印的檔案：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16804 book.translate.xml:17213 +#: book.translate.xml:16821 book.translate.xml:17230 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir -p /var/spool/lpd/lp\n" @@ -25317,7 +25330,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16810 +#: book.translate.xml:16827 msgid "" "As root, create /etc/" "printcap with these contents:" @@ -25326,7 +25339,7 @@ "printcap 內容如下：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16814 +#: book.translate.xml:16831 #, no-wrap msgid "" "lp:\\\n" @@ -25338,12 +25351,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:16823 +#: book.translate.xml:16840 msgid "This line is for a printer connected to a USB port." msgstr "此行是針對連接到 USB 埠的印表機：" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:16826 +#: book.translate.xml:16843 msgid "" "For a printer connected to a parallel or printer port, use:" msgstr "連接到並列或 印表器 (Printer) 埠的印表機要使用：" @@ -25350,25 +25363,25 @@ #. (itstool) path: callout/programlisting #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16829 book.translate.xml:17270 +#: book.translate.xml:16846 book.translate.xml:17287 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=/dev/lpt0:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:16831 +#: book.translate.xml:16848 msgid "For a printer connected directly to a network, use:" msgstr "直接連接到網路的印表機要使用：" #. (itstool) path: callout/programlisting #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16834 book.translate.xml:17279 +#: book.translate.xml:16851 book.translate.xml:17296 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=:rm=network-printer-name:rp=raw:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:16836 +#: book.translate.xml:16853 msgid "" "Replace network-printer-name with the " "DNS host name of the network printer." @@ -25377,7 +25390,7 @@ "DNS 主機名稱。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16845 +#: book.translate.xml:16862 msgid "" "Enable lpd by editing /etc/rc.conf, " "adding this line:" @@ -25387,7 +25400,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16848 book.translate.xml:17336 +#: book.translate.xml:16865 book.translate.xml:17353 #, no-wrap msgid "lpd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" @@ -25394,12 +25407,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/para #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:16850 book.translate.xml:17338 +#: book.translate.xml:16867 book.translate.xml:17355 msgid "Start the service:" msgstr "啟動服務：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16852 +#: book.translate.xml:16869 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service lpd start\n" @@ -25407,18 +25420,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16857 +#: book.translate.xml:16874 msgid "Print a test:" msgstr "測試列印：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16859 +#: book.translate.xml:16876 #, no-wrap msgid "# printf \"1. This printer can print.\\n2. This is the second line.\\n\" | lpr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:16862 +#: book.translate.xml:16879 msgid "" "If both lines do not start at the left border, but stairstep " "instead, see ." @@ -25427,7 +25440,7 @@ "考 。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16867 +#: book.translate.xml:16884 msgid "" "Text files can now be printed with lpr. Give the filename " "on the command line, or pipe output directly into lpr." @@ -25436,7 +25449,7 @@ "或者將輸出使用管線符號 (Pipe) 傳送給 lpr。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16872 +#: book.translate.xml:16889 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% lpr textfile.txt\n" @@ -25444,12 +25457,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:16879 +#: book.translate.xml:16896 msgid "Printer Connections" msgstr "印表機連線" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16881 +#: book.translate.xml:16898 msgid "" "Printers are connected to computer systems in a variety of ways. Small " "desktop printers are usually connected directly to a computer's " @@ -25464,18 +25477,18 @@ "電腦共享使用，還有少部分印表機則是連接到較罕見的序列 (Serial) 埠。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16889 +#: book.translate.xml:16906 msgid "FreeBSD can communicate with all of these types of printers." msgstr "FreeBSD 可以與這些類型的印表機溝通。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:16894 book.translate.xml:17256 +#: book.translate.xml:16911 book.translate.xml:17273 msgid "USB" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16897 +#: book.translate.xml:16914 msgid "" "USB printers can be connected to any available " "USB port on the computer." @@ -25484,7 +25497,7 @@ "acronym> 埠。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16901 +#: book.translate.xml:16918 msgid "" "When FreeBSD detects a USB printer, two device entries " "are created: /dev/ulpt0 and /dev/unlpt0unlpt0 不會重設 USB 埠。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16916 +#: book.translate.xml:16933 msgid "Parallel (IEEE-1284)" msgstr "並列 (IEEE-1284)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16919 +#: book.translate.xml:16936 msgid "" "The parallel port device is /dev/lpt0. This device " "appears whether a printer is attached or not, it is not autodetected." @@ -25516,7 +25529,7 @@ "存在，它並不會自動偵測。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16924 +#: book.translate.xml:16941 msgid "" "Vendors have largely moved away from these legacy ports, and " "many computers no longer have them. Adapters can be used to connect a " @@ -25532,12 +25545,12 @@ "網路。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16936 +#: book.translate.xml:16953 msgid "Serial (RS-232)" msgstr "序列 (RS-232)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16939 +#: book.translate.xml:16956 msgid "" "Serial ports are another legacy port, rarely used for printers except in " "certain niche applications. Cables, connectors, and required wiring vary " @@ -25547,7 +25560,7 @@ "接頭與需要的佈線方式依需求變化性很大。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16943 +#: book.translate.xml:16960 msgid "" "For serial ports built into a motherboard, the serial device name is " "/dev/cuau0 or /dev/cuau1. Serial " @@ -25560,7 +25573,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16950 +#: book.translate.xml:16967 msgid "" "Several communication parameters must be known to communicate with a serial " "printer. The most important are baud rate or " @@ -25575,17 +25588,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:16960 book.translate.xml:17274 +#: book.translate.xml:16977 book.translate.xml:17291 msgid "Network" msgstr "網路" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16963 +#: book.translate.xml:16980 msgid "Network printers are connected directly to the local computer network." msgstr "網路印表機可直接連接到區域網路。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16966 +#: book.translate.xml:16983 msgid "" "The DNS hostname of the printer must be known. If the " "printer is assigned a dynamic address by DHCP, " @@ -25599,7 +25612,7 @@ "IP 位址可避免這個問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16974 +#: book.translate.xml:16991 msgid "" "Most network printers understand print jobs sent with the LPD protocol. A print queue name can also be specified. Some printers " @@ -25613,12 +25626,12 @@ "text 佇列則會在純文字上增加換行符號 (Carriage return)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16982 +#: book.translate.xml:16999 msgid "Many network printers can also print data sent directly to port 9100." msgstr "大部份網路印表機也可列印直接傳送到埠號 9100 的資料。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:16991 +#: book.translate.xml:17008 msgid "" "Wired network connections are usually the easiest to set up and give the " "fastest printing. For direct connection to the computer, USBPDL。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:17012 +#: book.translate.xml:17029 msgid "ASCII" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17015 +#: book.translate.xml:17032 msgid "" "Plain ASCII text is the simplest way to send data to a " "printer. Characters correspond one to one with what will be printed: an " @@ -25672,7 +25685,7 @@ "至不需要編碼或轉譯，列印的結果可直接對應傳送的內容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17026 +#: book.translate.xml:17043 msgid "" "Some inexpensive printers cannot print plain ASCII text. " "This makes them more difficult to set up, but it is usually still possible." @@ -25681,12 +25694,12 @@ "定。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:17034 +#: book.translate.xml:17051 msgid "PostScript" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17037 +#: book.translate.xml:17054 msgid "" "PostScript is almost the " "opposite of ASCII. Rather than simple text, a PostScript compatibility as a cost-saving measure." @@ -25712,12 +25725,12 @@ "trademark> 的相容性來節省成本。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:17052 +#: book.translate.xml:17069 msgid "PCL (Printer Command Language)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17055 +#: book.translate.xml:17072 msgid "" "PCL is an extension of ASCII, adding " "escape sequences for formatting, font selection, and printing graphics. Many " @@ -25732,12 +25745,12 @@ "(Superset)，並可以提供更快的列印速度。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:17067 +#: book.translate.xml:17084 msgid "Host-Based" msgstr "以主機為基礎 (Host-Based)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17070 +#: book.translate.xml:17087 msgid "" "Manufacturers can reduce the cost of a printer by giving it a simple " "processor and very little memory. These printers are not capable of printing " @@ -25750,7 +25763,7 @@ "稱為以主機為基礎 (Host-based) 的印表機。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17078 +#: book.translate.xml:17095 msgid "" "Communication between the driver and a host-based printer is often through " "proprietary or undocumented protocols, making them functional only on the " @@ -25760,7 +25773,7 @@ "印表機只能在最常用的作業系統上運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17087 +#: book.translate.xml:17104 msgid "" "Converting PostScript to Other " "PDLs" @@ -25769,7 +25782,7 @@ "PDL" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17090 +#: book.translate.xml:17107 msgid "" "Many applications from the Ports Collection and FreeBSD utilities produce " "PostScript output. This table " @@ -25782,32 +25795,32 @@ "acronym> 的工具：" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:17096 +#: book.translate.xml:17113 msgid "Output PDLs" msgstr "輸出 PDL 格式" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17101 +#: book.translate.xml:17118 msgid "Output PDL" msgstr "輸出 PDL" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17103 +#: book.translate.xml:17120 msgid "Generated By" msgstr "產生由" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17110 +#: book.translate.xml:17127 msgid "PCL or PCL5" msgstr "PCL 或 PCL5" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17112 book.translate.xml:17120 book.translate.xml:17128 +#: book.translate.xml:17129 book.translate.xml:17137 book.translate.xml:17145 msgid "print/ghostscript9" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17113 +#: book.translate.xml:17130 msgid "" "-sDEVICE=ljet4 for monochrome, -sDEVICE=cljet5 for color" @@ -25816,12 +25829,12 @@ "sDEVICE=cljet5" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17118 +#: book.translate.xml:17135 msgid "PCLXL or PCL6" msgstr "PCLXL 或 PCL6" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17121 +#: book.translate.xml:17138 msgid "" "-sDEVICE=pxlmono for monochrome, -" "sDEVICE=pxlcolor for color" @@ -25830,27 +25843,27 @@ "sDEVICE=pxlcolor" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17127 +#: book.translate.xml:17144 msgid "ESC/P2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17129 +#: book.translate.xml:17146 msgid "-sDEVICE=uniprint" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17133 +#: book.translate.xml:17150 msgid "XQX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17134 +#: book.translate.xml:17151 msgid "print/foo2zjs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17145 +#: book.translate.xml:17162 msgid "" "For the easiest printing, choose a printer that supports PostScript. Printers that support PCLPostScript or PCL. They " @@ -25888,7 +25901,7 @@ "料並列印。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17164 +#: book.translate.xml:17181 msgid "" "Host-based printers are often more difficult to set up. Some cannot be used " "at all because of proprietary PDLs. Avoid these printers " @@ -25898,7 +25911,7 @@ "acronym> 而無法使用，盡可能避免使用這類的印表機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17169 +#: book.translate.xml:17186 msgid "" "Descriptions of many PDLs can be found at . The " @@ -25911,12 +25924,12 @@ "org/printers\"/> 查詢。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:17177 +#: book.translate.xml:17194 msgid "Direct Printing" msgstr "直接列印" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17179 +#: book.translate.xml:17196 msgid "" "For occasional printing, files can be sent directly to a printer device " "without any setup. For example, a file called sample.txt# cp sample.txt /dev/unlpt0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17186 +#: book.translate.xml:17203 msgid "" "Direct printing to network printers depends on the abilities of the printer, " "but most accept print jobs on port 9100, and " @@ -25948,18 +25961,18 @@ "netlaser 的印表機列印與上述相同的檔案可：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17192 +#: book.translate.xml:17209 #, no-wrap msgid "# nc netlaser 9100 < sample.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:17196 +#: book.translate.xml:17213 msgid "LPD (Line Printer Daemon)" msgstr "LPD (行列式印表機 Daemon)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17198 +#: book.translate.xml:17215 msgid "" "Printing a file in the background is called spooling. A " "spooler allows the user to continue with other programs on the computer " @@ -25969,7 +25982,7 @@ "用者能夠繼續執行電腦的其他程式而不需要等候印表機緩慢的完成列印工作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17203 +#: book.translate.xml:17220 msgid "" "FreeBSD includes a spooler called lpd8. Print jobs are " @@ -25982,12 +25995,12 @@ "citerefentry> 來提交。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17207 book.translate.xml:28725 +#: book.translate.xml:17224 book.translate.xml:28742 msgid "Initial Setup" msgstr "初始設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17209 +#: book.translate.xml:17226 msgid "" "A directory for storing print jobs is created, ownership is set, and the " "permissions are set to prevent other users from viewing the contents of " @@ -25997,7 +26010,7 @@ "些檔案的內容：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17217 +#: book.translate.xml:17234 msgid "" "Printers are defined in /etc/printcap. An entry for " "each printer includes details like a name, the port where it is attached, " @@ -26009,7 +26022,7 @@ "filename> 使用以下內容：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17223 +#: book.translate.xml:17240 #, no-wrap msgid "" "lp:\\\t\t\t\t\n" @@ -26021,7 +26034,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17232 +#: book.translate.xml:17249 msgid "" "The name of this printer. lpr1 sends print jobs to " @@ -26035,7 +26048,7 @@ "lp。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17240 +#: book.translate.xml:17257 msgid "" "The device where the printer is connected. Replace this line with the " "appropriate one for the connection type shown here." @@ -26042,23 +26055,23 @@ msgstr "印表機所連接到裝置。替換此行為正確的連線類型，如此處所示。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17248 +#: book.translate.xml:17265 msgid "Connection Type" msgstr "連線類型" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17249 +#: book.translate.xml:17266 msgid "Device Entry in /etc/printcap" msgstr "在 /etc/printcap 的裝置項目" #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17257 +#: book.translate.xml:17274 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=/dev/unlpt0:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17259 +#: book.translate.xml:17276 msgid "" "This is the non-resetting USB " "printer device. If problems are experienced, use ulpt0 " @@ -26069,28 +26082,28 @@ "USB 埠。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17269 +#: book.translate.xml:17286 msgid "Parallel" msgstr "並列" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17276 +#: book.translate.xml:17293 msgid "For a printer supporting the LPD protocol:" msgstr "針對支援 LPD 通訊協定的印表機：" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17281 +#: book.translate.xml:17298 msgid "For printers supporting port 9100 printing:" msgstr "針對支援使用埠號 9100 列印的印表機：" #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17284 +#: book.translate.xml:17301 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=9100@network-printer-name:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17286 +#: book.translate.xml:17303 msgid "" "For both types, replace network-printer-name with " "the DNS host name of the network printer." @@ -26099,18 +26112,18 @@ "replaceable> 為網路印表機的 DNS 主機名稱。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17293 +#: book.translate.xml:17310 msgid "Serial" msgstr "序列" #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17294 +#: book.translate.xml:17311 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=/dev/cuau0:br=9600:pa=none:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17296 +#: book.translate.xml:17313 msgid "" "These values are for a typical serial printer connected to a motherboard " "serial port. The baud rate is 9600, and no parity is used." @@ -26119,17 +26132,17 @@ "9600 且無同位檢查 (No Parity)。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17307 +#: book.translate.xml:17324 msgid "Suppress the printing of a header page at the start of a print job." msgstr "在列印工作開始時不列印首頁。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17312 +#: book.translate.xml:17329 msgid "Do not limit the maximum size of a print job." msgstr "不限制列印工作的最大尺寸。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17316 +#: book.translate.xml:17333 msgid "" "The path to the spooling directory for this printer. Each printer uses its " "own spooling directory." @@ -26138,12 +26151,12 @@ "(Spooling) 目錄。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17321 +#: book.translate.xml:17338 msgid "The log file where errors on this printer will be reported." msgstr "回報此印表機的錯誤的日誌檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17326 +#: book.translate.xml:17343 msgid "" "After creating /etc/printcap, use " "chkprintcap8 測試印表機是否有錯誤：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17329 +#: book.translate.xml:17346 #, no-wrap msgid "# chkprintcap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17331 +#: book.translate.xml:17348 msgid "Fix any reported problems before continuing." msgstr "在繼續之前修正任何回報的問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17333 +#: book.translate.xml:17350 msgid "" "Enable lpd8 in /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -26175,13 +26188,13 @@ "citerefentry>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17340 +#: book.translate.xml:17357 #, no-wrap msgid "# service lpd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17344 +#: book.translate.xml:17361 msgid "" "Printing with lpr1" @@ -26190,7 +26203,7 @@ "manvolnum> 列印" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17346 +#: book.translate.xml:17363 msgid "" "Documents are sent to the printer with lpr. A file to be " "printed can be named on the command line or piped into lpr% lpr doc.txt\n" @@ -26207,7 +26220,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17355 +#: book.translate.xml:17372 msgid "" "Printers can be selected with . To print to a printer " "called laser:" @@ -26214,18 +26227,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17359 +#: book.translate.xml:17376 #, no-wrap msgid "% lpr -Plaser doc.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17363 +#: book.translate.xml:17380 msgid "Filters" msgstr "過濾器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17365 +#: book.translate.xml:17382 msgid "" "The examples shown so far have sent the contents of a text file directly to " "the printer. As long as the printer understands the content of those files, " @@ -26233,7 +26246,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17370 +#: book.translate.xml:17387 msgid "" "Some printers are not capable of printing plain text, and the input file " "might not even be plain text." @@ -26240,7 +26253,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17373 +#: book.translate.xml:17390 msgid "" "Filters allow files to be translated or processed. The " "typical use is to translate one type of input, like plain text, into a form " @@ -26251,7 +26264,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17381 +#: book.translate.xml:17398 msgid "" "The filters discussed here are input filters or " "text filters. These filters convert the incoming file " @@ -26261,7 +26274,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17388 +#: book.translate.xml:17405 msgid "" "Filters are specified in /etc/printcap with the " "if= identifier. To use /usr/local/libexec/" @@ -26270,7 +26283,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17394 +#: book.translate.xml:17411 #, no-wrap msgid "" "lp:\\\n" @@ -26283,7 +26296,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17404 +#: book.translate.xml:17421 msgid "" "if= identifies the input filter that " "will be used on incoming text." @@ -26290,7 +26303,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:17411 +#: book.translate.xml:17428 msgid "" "The backslash line continuation characters at the end " "of the lines in printcap entries reveal that an entry " @@ -26300,18 +26313,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17418 +#: book.translate.xml:17435 #, no-wrap msgid "lp:lp=/dev/unlpt0:sh:mx#0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/lp:if=/usr/local/libexec/lf2crlf:lf=/var/log/lpd-errs:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17422 +#: book.translate.xml:17439 msgid "Preventing Stairstepping on Plain Text Printers" msgstr "避免在純文字印表機階梯狀列印" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17424 +#: book.translate.xml:17441 msgid "" "Typical FreeBSD text files contain only a single line feed character at the " "end of each line. These lines will stairstep on a standard " @@ -26319,7 +26332,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17428 +#: book.translate.xml:17445 #, no-wrap msgid "" "A printed file looks\n" @@ -26328,7 +26341,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17432 +#: book.translate.xml:17449 msgid "" "A filter can convert the newline characters into carriage returns and " "newlines. The carriage returns make the printer return to the left after " @@ -26337,7 +26350,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17438 +#: book.translate.xml:17455 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -26346,30 +26359,30 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17442 book.translate.xml:17477 book.translate.xml:17509 -#: book.translate.xml:17563 +#: book.translate.xml:17459 book.translate.xml:17494 book.translate.xml:17526 +#: book.translate.xml:17580 msgid "Set the permissions and make it executable:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17444 +#: book.translate.xml:17461 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/lf2crlf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17446 book.translate.xml:17481 +#: book.translate.xml:17463 book.translate.xml:17498 msgid "Modify /etc/printcap to use the new filter:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17449 +#: book.translate.xml:17466 #, no-wrap msgid ":if=/usr/local/libexec/lf2crlf:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17451 +#: book.translate.xml:17468 msgid "" "Test the filter by printing the same plain text file. The carriage returns " "will cause each line to start at the left side of the page." @@ -26376,7 +26389,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17457 +#: book.translate.xml:17474 msgid "" "Fancy Plain Text on PostScript " "Printers with print/enscript" @@ -26385,7 +26398,7 @@ "\">PostScript 印表機美化純文字內容" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17460 +#: book.translate.xml:17477 msgid "" "GNU Enscript converts plain " "text files into nicely-formatted PostScript/usr/local/libexec/enscript with these contents:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17474 +#: book.translate.xml:17491 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -26412,24 +26425,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17479 +#: book.translate.xml:17496 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/enscript" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17484 +#: book.translate.xml:17501 #, no-wrap msgid ":if=/usr/local/libexec/enscript:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17486 +#: book.translate.xml:17503 msgid "Test the filter by printing a plain text file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17490 +#: book.translate.xml:17507 msgid "" "Printing PostScript to " "PCL Printers" @@ -26438,7 +26451,7 @@ "acronym> 印表機" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17493 +#: book.translate.xml:17510 msgid "" "Many programs produce PostScript " "documents. However, inexpensive printers often only understand plain text or " @@ -26448,7 +26461,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17499 +#: book.translate.xml:17516 msgid "" "Install the Ghostscript PostScript interpreter, print/ghostscript9, " @@ -26456,13 +26469,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17503 +#: book.translate.xml:17520 msgid "" "Create /usr/local/libexec/ps2pcl with these contents:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17506 +#: book.translate.xml:17523 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -26470,13 +26483,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17511 +#: book.translate.xml:17528 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/ps2pcl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17513 +#: book.translate.xml:17530 msgid "" "PostScript input sent to this " "script will be rendered and converted to PCL before being " @@ -26484,18 +26497,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17517 book.translate.xml:17567 +#: book.translate.xml:17534 book.translate.xml:17584 msgid "Modify /etc/printcap to use this new input filter:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17520 +#: book.translate.xml:17537 #, no-wrap msgid ":if=/usr/local/libexec/ps2pcl:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17522 +#: book.translate.xml:17539 msgid "" "Test the filter by sending a small PostScript program to it:" @@ -26502,7 +26515,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17525 +#: book.translate.xml:17542 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% printf \"%%\\!PS \\n /Helvetica findfont 18 scalefont setfont \\\n" @@ -26510,12 +26523,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17530 +#: book.translate.xml:17547 msgid "Smart Filters" msgstr "智慧過濾器" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17532 +#: book.translate.xml:17549 msgid "" "A filter that detects the type of input and automatically converts it to the " "correct format for the printer can be very convenient. The first two " @@ -26530,7 +26543,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17543 +#: book.translate.xml:17560 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -26555,19 +26568,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17565 +#: book.translate.xml:17582 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/psif" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17570 +#: book.translate.xml:17587 #, no-wrap msgid ":if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17572 +#: book.translate.xml:17589 msgid "" "Test the filter by printing PostScript and plain text files." @@ -26574,12 +26587,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17577 +#: book.translate.xml:17594 msgid "Other Smart Filters" msgstr "其他智慧過濾器" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17579 +#: book.translate.xml:17596 msgid "" "Writing a filter that detects many different types of input and formats them " "correctly is challenging. print/apsfilter " @@ -26590,12 +26603,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17591 +#: book.translate.xml:17608 msgid "Multiple Queues" msgstr "多序列" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17593 +#: book.translate.xml:17610 msgid "" "The entries in /etc/printcap are really definitions of " "queues. There can be more than one queue for a single " @@ -26604,7 +26617,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17599 +#: book.translate.xml:17616 msgid "" "As an example, consider a networked PostScript laser printer in an office. Most users want to " @@ -26615,7 +26628,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17605 +#: book.translate.xml:17622 #, no-wrap msgid "" "textprinter:\\\n" @@ -26635,7 +26648,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17620 +#: book.translate.xml:17637 msgid "" "Documents sent to textprinter will be formatted by the " "/usr/local/libexec/enscript filter shown in an earlier " @@ -26645,7 +26658,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17627 +#: book.translate.xml:17644 msgid "" "This multiple queue technique can be used to provide direct access to all " "kinds of printer features. A printer with a duplexer could use two queues, " @@ -26655,12 +26668,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17636 +#: book.translate.xml:17653 msgid "Monitoring and Controlling Printing" msgstr "監視與控制列印" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17638 +#: book.translate.xml:17655 msgid "" "Several utilities are available to monitor print jobs and check and control " "printer operation." @@ -26667,7 +26680,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17642 +#: book.translate.xml:17659 msgid "" "lpq1" @@ -26674,7 +26687,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17644 +#: book.translate.xml:17661 msgid "" "lpq1 shows the status of a user's print jobs. Print jobs from other " @@ -26682,12 +26695,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17647 +#: book.translate.xml:17664 msgid "Show the current user's pending jobs on a single printer:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17650 +#: book.translate.xml:17667 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% lpq -Plp\n" @@ -26696,12 +26709,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17654 +#: book.translate.xml:17671 msgid "Show the current user's pending jobs on all printers:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17657 +#: book.translate.xml:17674 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% lpq -a\n" @@ -26715,7 +26728,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17668 +#: book.translate.xml:17685 msgid "" "lprm1" @@ -26722,7 +26735,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17670 +#: book.translate.xml:17687 msgid "" "lprm1 is used to remove print jobs. Normal users are only allowed to " @@ -26731,12 +26744,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17675 +#: book.translate.xml:17692 msgid "Remove all pending jobs from a printer:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17677 +#: book.translate.xml:17694 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lprm -Plp -\n" @@ -26749,7 +26762,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17685 +#: book.translate.xml:17702 msgid "" "Remove a single job from a printer. lpq1 is used to find the " @@ -26757,7 +26770,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17688 +#: book.translate.xml:17705 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% lpq\n" @@ -26769,7 +26782,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17697 +#: book.translate.xml:17714 msgid "" "lpc8" @@ -26776,7 +26789,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17699 +#: book.translate.xml:17716 msgid "" "lpc8 is used to check and modify printer status. lpc% lpc status all\n" @@ -26811,7 +26824,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17722 +#: book.translate.xml:17739 msgid "" "Prevent a printer from accepting new jobs, then begin accepting new jobs " "again:" @@ -26818,7 +26831,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17725 +#: book.translate.xml:17742 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc disable lp\n" @@ -26830,13 +26843,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17732 +#: book.translate.xml:17749 msgid "" "Stop printing, but continue to accept new jobs. Then begin printing again:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17735 +#: book.translate.xml:17752 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc stop lp\n" @@ -26849,12 +26862,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17743 +#: book.translate.xml:17760 msgid "Restart a printer after some error condition:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17745 +#: book.translate.xml:17762 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc restart lp\n" @@ -26865,7 +26878,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17751 +#: book.translate.xml:17768 msgid "" "Turn the print queue off and disable printing, with a message to explain the " "problem to users:" @@ -26872,7 +26885,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17754 +#: book.translate.xml:17771 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc down lp Repair parts will arrive on Monday\n" @@ -26882,12 +26895,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17759 +#: book.translate.xml:17776 msgid "Re-enable a printer that is down:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17761 +#: book.translate.xml:17778 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc up lp\n" @@ -26897,7 +26910,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17766 +#: book.translate.xml:17783 msgid "" "See lpc8 for more commands and options." @@ -26904,12 +26917,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17771 +#: book.translate.xml:17788 msgid "Shared Printers" msgstr "分享印表機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17773 +#: book.translate.xml:17790 msgid "" "Printers are often shared by multiple users in businesses and schools. " "Additional features are provided to make sharing printers more convenient." @@ -26916,12 +26929,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17778 +#: book.translate.xml:17795 msgid "Aliases" msgstr "別名" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17780 +#: book.translate.xml:17797 msgid "" "The printer name is set in the first line of the entry in /etc/" "printcap. Additional names, or aliases, can " @@ -26930,13 +26943,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17786 +#: book.translate.xml:17803 #, no-wrap msgid "lp|repairsprinter|salesprinter:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17788 +#: book.translate.xml:17805 msgid "" "Aliases can be used in place of the printer name. For example, users in the " "Sales department print to their printer with" @@ -26943,13 +26956,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17792 +#: book.translate.xml:17809 #, no-wrap msgid "% lpr -Psalesprinter sales-report.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17794 +#: book.translate.xml:17811 msgid "" "Users in the Repairs department print to their printer " "with" @@ -26956,13 +26969,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17797 +#: book.translate.xml:17814 #, no-wrap msgid "% lpr -Prepairsprinter repairs-report.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17799 +#: book.translate.xml:17816 msgid "" "All of the documents print on that single printer. When the Sales department " "grows enough to need their own printer, the alias can be removed from the " @@ -26972,12 +26985,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17808 +#: book.translate.xml:17825 msgid "Header Pages" msgstr "頁首" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17810 +#: book.translate.xml:17827 msgid "" "It can be difficult for users to locate their documents in the stack of " "pages produced by a busy shared printer. Header pages " @@ -26988,7 +27001,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17818 +#: book.translate.xml:17835 msgid "" "Enabling header pages differs depending on whether the printer is connected " "directly to the computer with a USB, parallel, or serial " @@ -26996,7 +27009,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17823 +#: book.translate.xml:17840 msgid "" "Header pages on directly-connected printers are enabled by removing the " ":sh:\\ (Suppress Header) line from the entry in " @@ -27008,7 +27021,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17833 +#: book.translate.xml:17850 msgid "" "Header pages for network printers must be configured on the printer itself. " "Header page entries in /etc/printcap are ignored. " @@ -27017,12 +27030,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17844 book.translate.xml:22655 +#: book.translate.xml:17861 book.translate.xml:22672 msgid "References" msgstr "參考文獻" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17846 +#: book.translate.xml:17863 msgid "" "Example files: /usr/share/examples/printing/." @@ -27029,7 +27042,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17848 +#: book.translate.xml:17865 msgid "" "The 4.3BSD Line Printer Spooler Manual, /usr/" "share/doc/smm/07.lpd/paper.ascii.gz." @@ -27036,7 +27049,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17852 +#: book.translate.xml:17869 msgid "" "Manual pages: printcap5, " @@ -27050,12 +27063,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:17858 +#: book.translate.xml:17875 msgid "Other Printing Systems" msgstr "其他列印系統" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17860 +#: book.translate.xml:17877 msgid "" "Several other printing systems are available in addition to the built-in " "lpd8CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System)" @@ -27071,7 +27084,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17868 +#: book.translate.xml:17885 msgid "" "CUPS is a popular printing system available on many " "operating systems. Using CUPS on FreeBSD is documented in " @@ -27080,12 +27093,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17875 +#: book.translate.xml:17892 msgid "HPLIP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17877 +#: book.translate.xml:17894 msgid "" "Hewlett Packard provides a printing system that supports many of their " "inkjet and laser printers. The port is print/hplipLPRng was developed as an enhanced alternative to " "lpd8Linux Binary Compatibility" msgstr "Linux Binary 相容性" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:17909 +#: book.translate.xml:17926 msgid "" " Jim Mock Restructured and parts updated by " @@ -27123,7 +27136,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:17920 +#: book.translate.xml:17937 msgid "" " Brian N. Handy Originally contributed by " @@ -27130,7 +27143,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:17928 +#: book.translate.xml:17945 msgid "" " Rich Murphey " @@ -27137,12 +27150,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:17940 +#: book.translate.xml:17957 msgid "Linux binary compatibility" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17948 +#: book.translate.xml:17965 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides binary compatibility with Linux, allowing users to install and run most Linux 好。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17954 +#: book.translate.xml:17971 msgid "" "However, some Linux-specific " "operating system features are not supported under FreeBSD. For example, " @@ -27173,7 +27186,7 @@ "擬 8086 模式，會無法在 FreeBSD 執行。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:17960 +#: book.translate.xml:17977 msgid "" "Support for 64-bit binary compatibility with Linux was added in FreeBSD 10.3." @@ -27182,7 +27195,7 @@ "trademark> Binary 相容性。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17968 +#: book.translate.xml:17985 msgid "" "How to enable Linux binary " "compatibility on a FreeBSD system." @@ -27191,7 +27204,7 @@ "Binary 相容模式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17973 +#: book.translate.xml:17990 msgid "" "How to install additional Linux " "shared libraries." @@ -27199,7 +27212,7 @@ "如何安裝其他的 Linux 共用程式庫。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17978 +#: book.translate.xml:17995 msgid "" "How to install Linux " "applications on a FreeBSD system." @@ -27208,7 +27221,7 @@ "用程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17983 +#: book.translate.xml:18000 msgid "" "The implementation details of Linux compatibility in FreeBSD." @@ -27217,7 +27230,7 @@ "細節。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17992 +#: book.translate.xml:18009 msgid "" "Know how to install additional third-party software." @@ -27224,7 +27237,7 @@ msgstr "知道如何安裝 其他的第三方軟體。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:18000 +#: book.translate.xml:18017 msgid "" "Configuring Linux Binary " "Compatibility" @@ -27231,12 +27244,12 @@ msgstr "設定 Linux Binary 相容性" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18002 +#: book.translate.xml:18019 msgid "Ports Collection" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18004 +#: book.translate.xml:18021 msgid "" "By default, Linux libraries are " "not installed and Linux binary " @@ -27250,7 +27263,7 @@ "FreeBSD Port 套件集安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18009 +#: book.translate.xml:18026 msgid "" "Before attempting to build the port, load the Linux kernel module, otherwise the build will fail:" @@ -27259,29 +27272,29 @@ "核心模組，否則編譯會失敗：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18012 +#: book.translate.xml:18029 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload linux" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18014 +#: book.translate.xml:18031 msgid "For 64-bit compatibility:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18016 +#: book.translate.xml:18033 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload linux64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18018 +#: book.translate.xml:18035 msgid "To verify that the module is loaded:" msgstr "確認模組已載入：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18020 +#: book.translate.xml:18037 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% kldstat\n" @@ -27291,7 +27304,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18025 +#: book.translate.xml:18042 msgid "" "The emulators/linux_base-c6 package or port is the " "easiest way to install a base set of Linux# printf \"compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.18\\n\" >> /etc/sysctl.conf\n" @@ -27311,7 +27324,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18034 +#: book.translate.xml:18051 msgid "" "For Linux compatibility to be " "enabled at boot time, add this line to /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -27320,13 +27333,13 @@ "加入這行到 /etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:18037 +#: book.translate.xml:18054 #, no-wrap msgid "linux_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18039 +#: book.translate.xml:18056 msgid "" "On 64-bit machines, /etc/rc.d/abi will automatically " "load the module for 64-bit emulation." @@ -27333,12 +27346,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18042 +#: book.translate.xml:18059 msgid "kernel options COMPAT_LINUX" msgstr "核心選項 COMPAT_LINUX" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18047 +#: book.translate.xml:18064 msgid "" "Users who prefer to statically link Linux binary compatibility into a custom kernel should add " @@ -27351,17 +27364,17 @@ "定檔。 編譯並安裝新核心的方法，如 所述。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:18054 +#: book.translate.xml:18071 msgid "Installing Additional Libraries Manually" msgstr "手動安裝其他程式庫" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18056 +#: book.translate.xml:18073 msgid "shared libraries" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18060 +#: book.translate.xml:18077 msgid "" "If a Linux application complains " "about missing shared libraries after configuring Linux system, " "ldd can be used to determine which shared libraries the " @@ -27391,7 +27404,7 @@ "個指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18072 +#: book.translate.xml:18089 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ldd linuxdoom\n" @@ -27401,12 +27414,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18077 +#: book.translate.xml:18094 msgid "symbolic links" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18081 +#: book.translate.xml:18098 msgid "" "Then, copy all the files in the last column of the output from the " "Linux system into /" @@ -27420,7 +27433,7 @@ "FreeBSD 系統產生以下檔案：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18088 +#: book.translate.xml:18105 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0\n" @@ -27432,7 +27445,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18095 +#: book.translate.xml:18112 msgid "" "If a Linux shared library " "already exists with a matching major revision number to the first column of " @@ -27447,12 +27460,12 @@ "只要符號連結指向新版的程式庫，舊版便可移除。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18103 +#: book.translate.xml:18120 msgid "For example, these libraries already exist on the FreeBSD system:" msgstr "例如，以下程式庫已存在 FreeBSD 系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18106 +#: book.translate.xml:18123 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.27\n" @@ -27460,19 +27473,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18109 +#: book.translate.xml:18126 msgid "" "and ldd indicates that a binary requires a later version:" msgstr "且 ldd 顯示 Binary 需要使用較新的版本：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18112 +#: book.translate.xml:18129 #, no-wrap msgid "libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) -> libc.so.4.6.29" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18114 +#: book.translate.xml:18131 msgid "" "Since the existing library is only one or two versions out of date in the " "last digit, the program should still work with the slightly older version. " @@ -27484,7 +27497,7 @@ "本：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18120 +#: book.translate.xml:18137 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29\n" @@ -27492,7 +27505,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18123 +#: book.translate.xml:18140 msgid "" "Generally, one will need to look for the shared libraries that Linux binaries depend on only the first few " @@ -27509,7 +27522,7 @@ "\"registered\">Linux Binary，便不再需要額外的動作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:18132 +#: book.translate.xml:18149 msgid "" "Installing Linux ELF Binaries" @@ -27518,12 +27531,12 @@ "acronym> Binary" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18135 +#: book.translate.xml:18152 msgid "Linux ELF binaries" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18140 +#: book.translate.xml:18157 msgid "" "ELF binaries sometimes require an extra step. When an " "unbranded ELF binary is executed, it will generate an " @@ -27533,7 +27546,7 @@ "的 ELF Binary，會產生錯誤訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18144 +#: book.translate.xml:18161 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ./my-linux-elf-binary\n" @@ -27542,7 +27555,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18148 +#: book.translate.xml:18165 msgid "" "To help the FreeBSD kernel distinguish between a FreeBSD ELF binary and a Linux " @@ -27555,18 +27568,18 @@ "manvolnum>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18152 +#: book.translate.xml:18169 #, no-wrap msgid "% brandelf -t Linux my-linux-elf-binary" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18154 +#: book.translate.xml:18171 msgid "GNU toolchain" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18158 +#: book.translate.xml:18175 msgid "" "Since the GNU toolchain places the appropriate branding information into " "ELF binaries automatically, this step is usually not " @@ -27576,7 +27589,7 @@ "不需要這個步驟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:18164 +#: book.translate.xml:18181 msgid "" "Installing a Linux RPM Based Application" @@ -27585,7 +27598,7 @@ "acronym> 為基礎的應用程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18167 +#: book.translate.xml:18184 msgid "" "To install a Linux RPM-based application, first install the archivers/rpm4.rpm：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18174 +#: book.translate.xml:18191 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /compat/linux\n" @@ -27607,7 +27620,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18177 +#: book.translate.xml:18194 msgid "" "If necessary, brandelf the installed ELF binaries. Note that this will prevent a clean uninstall." @@ -27616,17 +27629,17 @@ "Binary。注意，這將會無法乾淨地解除安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:18183 +#: book.translate.xml:18200 msgid "Configuring the Hostname Resolver" msgstr "設定主機名稱解析器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18185 +#: book.translate.xml:18202 msgid "If DNS does not work or this error appears:" msgstr "如果 DNS 無法運作或出現這個錯誤：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18188 +#: book.translate.xml:18205 #, no-wrap msgid "" "resolv+: \"bind\" is an invalid keyword resolv+:\n" @@ -27634,12 +27647,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18191 +#: book.translate.xml:18208 msgid "configure /compat/linux/etc/host.conf as follows:" msgstr "將 /compat/linux/etc/host.conf 設定如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:18194 +#: book.translate.xml:18211 #, no-wrap msgid "" "order hosts, bind\n" @@ -27647,7 +27660,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18197 +#: book.translate.xml:18214 msgid "" "This specifies that /etc/hosts is searched first and " "DNS is searched second. When /compat/linux/etc/" @@ -27664,12 +27677,12 @@ "literal>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:19032 book.translate.xml:40164 book.translate.xml:51224 +#: book.translate.xml:19049 book.translate.xml:40181 book.translate.xml:51220 msgid "Advanced Topics" msgstr "進階主題" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19034 +#: book.translate.xml:19051 msgid "" "This section describes how Linux " "binary compatibility works and is based on an email written to execution class loader" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19041 +#: book.translate.xml:19058 msgid "" "FreeBSD has an abstraction called an execution class loader. " "This is a wedge into the execveUNIX loader " "examined the magic number (generally the first 4 or 8 bytes of the file) to " @@ -27702,7 +27715,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19050 +#: book.translate.xml:19067 msgid "" "If it was not the binary type for the system, the " "execve2sh1 to examine the first " @@ -27722,7 +27735,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19060 +#: book.translate.xml:19077 msgid "" "FreeBSD has a list of loaders, instead of a single loader, with a fallback " "to the #! loader for running shell interpreters or shell " @@ -27730,17 +27743,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19064 +#: book.translate.xml:19081 msgid "ELF" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19068 book.translate.xml:53274 +#: book.translate.xml:19085 book.translate.xml:53270 msgid "Solaris" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19072 +#: book.translate.xml:19089 msgid "" "For the Linux ABI support, FreeBSD sees the magic number as an ELF binary. The ELF " @@ -27750,7 +27763,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19078 +#: book.translate.xml:19095 msgid "" "For Linux binaries to function, " "they must be branded as type Linux " @@ -27759,18 +27772,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19082 +#: book.translate.xml:19099 #, no-wrap msgid "# brandelf -t Linux file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19084 +#: book.translate.xml:19101 msgid "ELF branding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19089 +#: book.translate.xml:19106 msgid "" "When the ELF loader sees the Linux brand, the loader " "replaces a pointer in the proc structure. All system " @@ -27781,7 +27794,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19097 +#: book.translate.xml:19114 msgid "" "The Linux system call vector " "contains, among other things, a list of sysent[] entries " @@ -27789,7 +27802,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19101 +#: book.translate.xml:19118 msgid "" "When a system call is called by the Linux binary, the trap code dereferences the system call function " @@ -27799,7 +27812,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19106 +#: book.translate.xml:19123 msgid "" "Linux mode dynamically " "reroots lookups. This is, in effect, equivalent to the " @@ -27821,7 +27834,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19123 +#: book.translate.xml:19140 msgid "" "In effect, there is a Linux " "kernel in the FreeBSD kernel. The various underlying functions that " @@ -27839,7 +27852,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19136 +#: book.translate.xml:19153 msgid "" "Technically, this is not really emulation, it is an ABI " "implementation. It is sometimes called Chern Lee Written by " @@ -27889,7 +27902,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:19185 +#: book.translate.xml:19202 msgid "" " Mike Smith Based on a tutorial written by " @@ -27896,7 +27909,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:19195 +#: book.translate.xml:19212 msgid "" " Matt Dillon Also based on tuning(7) written by " @@ -27903,17 +27916,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19208 +#: book.translate.xml:19225 msgid "system configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19211 +#: book.translate.xml:19228 msgid "system optimization" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19215 +#: book.translate.xml:19232 msgid "" "One of the important aspects of FreeBSD is proper system configuration. This " "chapter explains much of the FreeBSD configuration process, including some " @@ -27923,7 +27936,7 @@ "紹 FreeBSD 的設定流程，包括一些可以調整 FreeBSD 效能的參數設定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19224 +#: book.translate.xml:19241 msgid "" "The basics of rc.conf configuration and /usr/" "local/etc/rc.d startup scripts." @@ -27932,23 +27945,23 @@ "filename> 啟動 Script。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19230 +#: book.translate.xml:19247 msgid "How to configure and test a network card." msgstr "如何設定並測試網路卡。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19234 +#: book.translate.xml:19251 msgid "How to configure virtual hosts on network devices." msgstr "如何在網路裝置上設定虛擬主機。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19239 +#: book.translate.xml:19256 msgid "" "How to use the various configuration files in /etc." msgstr "如何使用在 /etc 中的各種設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19244 +#: book.translate.xml:19261 msgid "" "How to tune FreeBSD using sysctl8 variables." @@ -27957,13 +27970,13 @@ "manvolnum> 變數調校 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19248 +#: book.translate.xml:19265 msgid "How to tune disk performance and modify kernel limitations." msgstr "如何調校磁碟效能及修改核心限制。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19257 book.translate.xml:29380 book.translate.xml:31127 -#: book.translate.xml:34948 book.translate.xml:46157 +#: book.translate.xml:19274 book.translate.xml:29397 book.translate.xml:31144 +#: book.translate.xml:34965 book.translate.xml:46153 msgid "" "Understand UNIX and FreeBSD " "basics ()." @@ -27972,7 +27985,7 @@ "linkend=\"basics\"/>)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19262 +#: book.translate.xml:19279 msgid "" "Be familiar with the basics of kernel configuration and compilation ()." @@ -27979,17 +27992,17 @@ msgstr "熟悉核心設定與編譯的基礎 ()。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:19270 +#: book.translate.xml:19287 msgid "Starting Services" msgstr "啟動服務" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19283 +#: book.translate.xml:19300 msgid "services" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19287 +#: book.translate.xml:19304 msgid "" "Many users install third party software on FreeBSD from the Ports Collection " "and require the installed services to be started upon system initialization. " @@ -27998,22 +28011,29 @@ "during system initialization. This section explains the procedures available " "for starting third party software." msgstr "" +"許多使用者會使用 Port 套件集安裝第三方軟體到 FreeBSD 且需要安裝服務在系統初始" +"化時可啟動該軟體。服務，例如 mail/postfix 或 www/" +"apache22 僅只是在眾多需要在系統初始化時啟動的軟體之中的兩個。本章節" +"將說明可用來啟動第三方軟體的程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19296 +#: book.translate.xml:19313 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, most included services, such as " "cron8, are started through the system start up scripts." msgstr "" +"在 FreeBSD 大多數內建的服務，例如 cron8 也是透過系統啟動 " +"Script 來執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19300 +#: book.translate.xml:19317 msgid "Extended Application Configuration" msgstr "延伸應用程式設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19302 +#: book.translate.xml:19319 msgid "" "Now that FreeBSD includes rc.d, configuration of " "application startup is easier and provides more features. Using the key " @@ -28022,9 +28042,14 @@ "through /etc/rc.conf in place of hard coded flags in " "the start up script. A basic script may look similar to the following:" msgstr "" +"現在 FreeBSD 會引用 rc.d，讓設定應用程式啟動程式更簡單且" +"提供更多的功能。使用於 所提到的關鍵字，" +"可以設定應用程式在其他特定服務之後啟動且可以透過 /etc/rc.conf 來傳遞額外的旗標來取代寫死在啟動 Script 中的旗標。一個基本的 " +"Script 可能會如下例所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19311 +#: book.translate.xml:19328 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -28053,28 +28078,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19335 +#: book.translate.xml:19352 msgid "" "This script will ensure that the provided utility will be " "started after the DAEMON pseudo-service. It also provides " "a method for setting and tracking the process ID (PID)." msgstr "" +"這個 Script 會確保要執行的 utility 會在虛構的服務 " +"DAEMON 之後啟動，也同時提供設定與追蹤程序 ID (Process ID, " +"PID) 的方法。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19341 +#: book.translate.xml:19358 msgid "" "This application could then have the following line placed in /etc/" "rc.conf:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "接著此應用程式便可將下行放到 /etc/rc.conf 中：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19344 +#: book.translate.xml:19361 #, no-wrap msgid "utility_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19346 +#: book.translate.xml:19363 msgid "" "This method allows for easier manipulation of command line arguments, " "inclusion of the default functions provided in /etc/rc.subr8, and provides for " "easier configuration via rc.conf." msgstr "" +"使用這種方式可以簡單的處理指令列參數、引用 /etc/rc.subr " +"所提供的預設函數、與 rcorder8 相容並可在 " +"rc.conf 簡單的設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19354 +#: book.translate.xml:19371 msgid "Using Services to Start Services" msgstr "使用服務來啟動其他服務" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19356 +#: book.translate.xml:19373 msgid "" "Other services can be started using inetd8. Working with " @@ -28097,9 +28129,13 @@ "citerefentry> and its configuration is described in depth in ." msgstr "" +"其他的服務可以使用 inetd8 來啟動，在 有如何使用 inetd8 以及其設定的深入說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19361 +#: book.translate.xml:19378 msgid "" "In some cases, it may make more sense to use " "cron8. This allows regular users to start and maintain " "their own applications." msgstr "" +"在某些情況更適合使用 cron8 來啟動系統服務，由於 " +"cron8 會使用 crontab5 的擁有者來執行這些程" +"序，所以這個方法有不少優點，這讓一般的使用者也可以啟動與維護自己的應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19368 +#: book.translate.xml:19385 msgid "" "The @reboot feature of cron8, may be used in place " @@ -28120,9 +28162,13 @@ "cron8 is started, normally during system initialization." msgstr "" +"cron8 的 @reboot 功能，可用來替代指定詳細的時間，" +"而該工作會在系統初始化時執行 cron8 後執行。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:19377 +#: book.translate.xml:19394 msgid "" "Configuring cron8" @@ -28131,12 +28177,12 @@ "manvolnum>" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19390 +#: book.translate.xml:19407 msgid "cron configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19395 +#: book.translate.xml:19412 msgid "" "One of the most useful utilities in FreeBSD is cron. This utility runs in the background and regularly checks " @@ -28146,9 +28192,15 @@ "specified times. Each entry in a crontab defines a task to run and is known " "as a cron job." msgstr "" +"在 FreeBSD 其中最有用的其中一項工具便是 cron，這個" +"工具會在背景執行並且定期檢查 /etc/crontab 是否有要執行的" +"工作然後搜尋 /var/cron/tabs 是否有自訂的 crontab 檔案，" +"這些檔案用來安排要讓 cron 在指定的時間執行的工作，" +"crontab 中的每一個項目定義了一個要執行的工作，又稱作 cron job。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19405 +#: book.translate.xml:19422 msgid "" "Two different types of configuration files are used: the system crontab, " "which should not be modified, and user crontabs, which can be created and " @@ -28160,9 +28212,16 @@ "application> runs the command as the user specified in this column. In a " "user crontab, all commands run as the user who created the crontab." msgstr "" +"這裡使用了兩種類型的設定檔：其一是系統 crontab，系統 crontab 不應該被修改，其" +"二為使用者 crontab，使用者 crontab 可以依需要建立與編輯。這兩種檔案的格式在 " +"crontab5 有說明。系統 crontab /etc/crontab 的格式含有在使用者 crontab 所沒有的 who 欄位，在" +"系統 crontab，cron 會依據該欄位所指定的使用者來執" +"行指令，而在使用者 crontab，會以建立 crontab 的使用者來執行指令。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19416 +#: book.translate.xml:19433 msgid "" "User crontabs allow individual users to schedule their own tasks. The " "root user can also have a user " @@ -28169,16 +28228,19 @@ "crontab which can be used to schedule tasks that do not " "exist in the system crontab." msgstr "" +"使用者 crontab 讓個別使用者可以安排自己的工作，root 使用者也可有自己的使用者 crontab 來" +"安排不在系統 crontab 中的工作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19422 +#: book.translate.xml:19439 msgid "" "Here is a sample entry from the system crontab, /etc/crontab:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "以下為系統 crontab /etc/crontab 的範例項目：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19425 +#: book.translate.xml:19442 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# /etc/crontab - root's crontab for FreeBSD\n" @@ -28194,7 +28256,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19438 +#: book.translate.xml:19455 msgid "" "Lines that begin with the # character are comments. A " "comment can be placed in the file as a reminder of what and why a desired " @@ -28202,9 +28264,12 @@ "else they will be interpreted as part of the command; they must be on a new " "line. Blank lines are ignored." msgstr "" +"以 # 字元為首的行代表註解。可在檔案中放置註解提醒要執行什" +"麼動作及為何要執行。註解不可與指令同行，否則會被當做指令的一部份，註解必須在" +"新的一行，空白行則會被忽略掉。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19447 +#: book.translate.xml:19464 msgid "" "The equals (=) character is used to define any " "environment settings. In this example, it is used to define the " @@ -28213,9 +28278,13 @@ "If the PATH is omitted, the full path must be given to the " "command or script to run." msgstr "" +"等號 (=) 字元用來定義任何環境設定。在這個例子當中，使用了" +"等號來定義 SHELL 及 PATH。若 SHELL 被省略，cron 則會使用預設的 Bourne shell。" +"若 PATH 被省略，則必須指定指令或 Script 的完整路徑才能執行。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19458 +#: book.translate.xml:19475 msgid "" "This line defines the seven fields used in a system crontab: " "minute, hour, mday, " @@ -28231,9 +28300,18 @@ "which user the command should be run as. The last field is the command to be " "executed." msgstr "" +"此行定義了在系統 crontab 會使用到的七個欄位：minute, " +"hour, mday, month, " +"wday, who 以及 command。minute 欄位是指定指令要執行的時間中的分，" +"hour 指定指令要執行的時，mday 是月裡面" +"的日，month 是月，以及 wday 是週裡面的" +"日。這些欄位必須數值代表 24 小時制的時間或 * 來代表所有可" +"能的值。who 這個欄位只有系統 crontab 才有，用來指定要用那" +"一個使用者來執行指令。最後一個欄位則是要執行的指令。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19477 +#: book.translate.xml:19494 msgid "" "This entry defines the values for this cron job. The */5, " "followed by several more * characters, specifies that " @@ -28241,50 +28319,62 @@ "\"username\">root every five minutes of every hour, of every " "day and day of the week, of every month." msgstr "" +"這個項目定義了該工作所使用的數值，*/5 後接著數個 " +"* 字元指的是每個月的每一週的每一日的每個小時的每 5 分鐘會" +"使用 root 執行 /usr/" +"libexec/atrun。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19485 +#: book.translate.xml:19502 msgid "" "Commands can include any number of switches. However, commands which extend " "to multiple lines need to be broken with the backslash \\ " "continuation character." msgstr "" +"指令可含任何數量的參數，但若指令要使用多行則需以反斜線 \\ 連線" +"字元換行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19493 +#: book.translate.xml:19510 msgid "Creating a User Crontab" msgstr "建立使用者的 Crontab" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19495 +#: book.translate.xml:19512 msgid "" "To create a user crontab, invoke crontab in editor mode:" msgstr "" +"要建立一個使用者 crontab 可使用編輯模式執行 crontab：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19498 +#: book.translate.xml:19515 #, no-wrap msgid "% crontab -e" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19500 +#: book.translate.xml:19517 msgid "" "This will open the user's crontab using the default text editor. The first " "time a user runs this command, it will open an empty file. Once a user " "creates a crontab, this command will open that file for editing." msgstr "" +"這樣會使用預設的文字編輯器來開啟使用者的 crontab，使用者第一次執行這個指令會" +"開啟一個空的檔案，使用者建立 crontab 之後這個指令則會開啟已建立的 crontab 供" +"編輯。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19505 +#: book.translate.xml:19522 msgid "" "It is useful to add these lines to the top of the crontab file in order to " "set the environment variables and to remember the meanings of the fields in " "the crontab:" msgstr "" +"加入這些行到 crontab 檔的最上方來設定環境變數以及備忘在 crontab 中欄位的意思" +"非常有用：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19509 +#: book.translate.xml:19526 #, no-wrap msgid "" "SHELL=/bin/sh\n" @@ -28294,7 +28384,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19514 +#: book.translate.xml:19531 msgid "" "Then add a line for each command or script to run, specifying the time to " "run the command. This example runs the specified custom Bourne shell script " @@ -28301,29 +28391,34 @@ "every day at two in the afternoon. Since the path to the script is not " "specified in PATH, the full path to the script is given:" msgstr "" +"然後每一個要執行的指令或 Script 加入一行，指定要執行指令的時間。這個例子會每" +"天在下午 2 點執行指定的自訂 Bourne shell script，由於沒有在 PATH 指定 Script 的路徑，所以必須給予完整的 Script 路徑：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19521 +#: book.translate.xml:19538 #, no-wrap msgid "0\t14\t*\t*\t*\t/usr/home/dru/bin/mycustomscript.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:19524 +#: book.translate.xml:19541 msgid "" "Before using a custom script, make sure it is executable and test it with " "the limited set of environment variables set by cron. To replicate the " "environment that would be used to run the above cron entry, use:" msgstr "" +"在使用自訂的 Script 之前，請先確定該 Script 可以執行並且使用 cron 在有限的環" +"境變數下測試。要複製一個用來執行上述 cron 項目的環境可以使用：" #. (itstool) path: tip/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19529 +#: book.translate.xml:19546 #, no-wrap msgid "env -i SHELL=/bin/sh PATH=/etc:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin HOME=/home/dru LOGNAME=dru /usr/home/dru/bin/mycustomscript.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:19531 +#: book.translate.xml:19548 msgid "" "The environment set by cron is discussed in " "crontab5crontab5 有討論 cron 使用的環境變數，若 Script 中含有任何會" +"使用萬用字元刪除檔案的指令，那麼檢查 Script 可正常在 cron 的環境運作非常重" +"要。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19537 +#: book.translate.xml:19554 msgid "" "When finished editing the crontab, save the file. It will automatically be " "installed and cron will read the crontab and run " @@ -28340,9 +28439,12 @@ "its cron jobs at their specified times. To list the cron jobs in a crontab, " "use this command:" msgstr "" +"編輯完成 crontab 之後儲存檔案，編輯完的 crontab 會被自動安裝且 " +"cron 會讀取該 crontab 並在其指定的時指執行其 cron " +"job。要列出 crontab 中有那一些 cron job 可以使用此指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19543 +#: book.translate.xml:19560 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% crontab -l\n" @@ -28350,12 +28452,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19546 +#: book.translate.xml:19563 msgid "To remove all of the cron jobs in a user crontab:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "要移除使用在使用者 crontab 中的 cron job 可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19548 +#: book.translate.xml:19565 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% crontab -r\n" @@ -28363,12 +28465,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:19555 +#: book.translate.xml:19572 msgid "Managing Services in FreeBSD" msgstr "管理 FreeBSD 中的服務" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19568 +#: book.translate.xml:19585 msgid "" "FreeBSD uses the rc8 system of startup " @@ -28380,15 +28482,23 @@ "sshd8 can be restarted with the following command:" msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 在系統初始化時使用 rc8 系統的啟動 Script。列" +"於 /etc/rc.d 的 Script 提供了基本的服務可使用 " +"service8 加上 , " +"以及 選項來控制。例如，使用以下指令可以重新啟動 " +"sshd8：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19576 +#: book.translate.xml:19593 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19578 +#: book.translate.xml:19595 msgid "" "This procedure can be used to start services on a running system. Services " "will be started automatically at boot time as specified in " @@ -28398,15 +28508,20 @@ "citerefentry> at system startup, add the following line to /etc/rc." "conf:" msgstr "" +"這個程序可以用來在執行中的系統上啟動服務，而在 " +"rc.conf5 中有指定的服務則會在開機時自動啟動。例如，要在系統" +"啟動時開啟 natd8，可入下行到 /etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19584 +#: book.translate.xml:19601 #, no-wrap msgid "natd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19586 +#: book.translate.xml:19603 msgid "" "If a line is already present, change the " "NO to YES. The " @@ -28414,9 +28529,13 @@ "citerefentry> scripts will automatically load any dependent services during " "the next boot, as described below." msgstr "" +"若 行已存在，則將 NO " +"更改為 YES，在下次開機時 rc8 script 便會自動載入任何" +"相依的服務，詳細如下所述。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19592 +#: book.translate.xml:19609 msgid "" "Since the rc8 system is primarily intended to start and stop " @@ -28433,15 +28552,26 @@ "current /etc/rc.conf setting, execute the following " "command:" msgstr "" +"由於 rc8 系統主要用於在系統開機與關機時啟動與停止服務，只有" +"當有服務的變數設定在 /etc/rc.conf 時 以及 才會有作用。例" +"如 sshd restart 只會在 /etc/rc.conf " +"中的 sshd_enable 設為 時才會運作，若" +"要不透過 /etc/rc.conf 的設定來 , " +" 或 一個服務則需要在指令前加上 " +"one，例如要不透過目前在 /etc/rc.conf 的設" +"定重新啟動 sshd8 可執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19608 +#: book.translate.xml:19625 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd onerestart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19610 +#: book.translate.xml:19627 msgid "" "To check if a service is enabled in /etc/rc.conf, run " "the appropriate rc88 is enabled in " "/etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" +"要檢查一個服務是否有在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟，可執行服務的 " +"rc8 Script 加上 。這個例子會檢查 " +"sshd8 是否在 /etc/rc.conf 已經開啟：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19616 +#: book.translate.xml:19633 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service sshd rcvar\n" @@ -28463,22 +28598,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:19623 +#: book.translate.xml:19640 msgid "" "The # sshd line is output from the above command, not a " "root console." msgstr "" +"行 # sshd 的輸出來自上述指令，而非 root console。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19628 +#: book.translate.xml:19645 msgid "" "To determine whether or not a service is running, use ，例如要確認 " +"sshd8 是否正常在執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19632 +#: book.translate.xml:19649 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service sshd status\n" @@ -28486,7 +28626,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19635 +#: book.translate.xml:19652 msgid "" "In some cases, it is also possible to a service. " "This attempts to send a signal to an individual service, forcing the service " @@ -28494,9 +28634,12 @@ "service a SIGHUP signal. Support for this feature is not " "included for every service." msgstr "" +"在某些情況，也可以 一個服務。這個動作會嘗試發送一個信" +"號給指定的服務，強制服務重新載入其設定檔，在大多數的情況下，發送給服務的信號" +"是 SIGHUP。並不是每個服務都有支援此功能。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19642 +#: book.translate.xml:19659 msgid "" "The rc8 system is used for network services and it also contributes to " @@ -28503,22 +28646,25 @@ "most of the system initialization. For instance, when the /etc/rc." "d/bgfsck script is executed, it prints out the following message:" msgstr "" +"rc8 系統會用在網路服務及也應用在大多數的系統初化 。例如執行 " +"/etc/rc.d/bgfsck Script 會列印出以下訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19648 +#: book.translate.xml:19665 #, no-wrap msgid "Starting background file system checks in 60 seconds." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19650 +#: book.translate.xml:19667 msgid "" "This script is used for background file system checks, which occur only " "during system initialization." -msgstr "" +msgstr "這個 Script 用來在背景做檔案系統檢查，只有在系統初始化時要執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19653 +#: book.translate.xml:19670 msgid "" "Many system services depend on other services to function properly. For " "example, yp8yp8 及其他以 RPC 為基礎的服務在 rpcbind8 服務啟動前可能會啟動失" +"敗。要解決這種問題，就必須在啟動 Script 上方的註解中加入相依及其他 meta-" +"data。在系統初始化時會用 rcorder8 程式分析這些註解來決定" +"要以什麼順序來執行系統服務以滿足相依。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19664 +#: book.translate.xml:19681 msgid "" "The following key word must be included in all startup scripts as it is " "required by rc.subr8 to enable the startup script:" msgstr "" +"因 rc.subr8 的需要，以下的關鍵字必須加入到所有的啟動 Script 方" +"可 enable 啟動 Script：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19670 +#: book.translate.xml:19687 msgid "PROVIDE: Specifies the services this file provides." -msgstr "" +msgstr "PROVIDE: 設定此檔案所提供的服務。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19675 +#: book.translate.xml:19692 msgid "" "The following key words may be included at the top of each startup script. " "They are not strictly necessary, but are useful as hints to " @@ -28555,25 +28712,32 @@ "rcorder8:" msgstr "" +"以下關鍵字可能會在每個啟動 Script 的上方引用，雖然非必要，但是對於 " +"rcorder8 是非常有用的提示：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19681 +#: book.translate.xml:19698 msgid "" "REQUIRE: Lists services which are required for this " "service. The script containing this key word will run after the specified services." msgstr "" +"REQUIRE: 列出此服務需要引用的服務。有使用此關鍵字的 " +"Script 會在指定服務啟動 之後 才執行。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19688 +#: book.translate.xml:19705 msgid "" "BEFORE: Lists services which depend on this service. The " "script containing this key word will run before the " "specified services." msgstr "" +"BEFORE: 列出相依此服務的服務。有使用此關鍵字的 Script 會在" +"指定的服務啟動 之前 執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19695 +#: book.translate.xml:19712 msgid "" "By carefully setting these keywords for each startup script, an " "administrator has a fine-grained level of control of the startup order of " @@ -28580,9 +28744,12 @@ "the scripts, without the need for runlevels used by some " "UNIX operating systems." msgstr "" +"透過仔細的設定每個啟動 Script 的這些關鍵字，管理者便可對 Script 的啟動順序進" +"行微調，而不需使用到其他 UNIX 作" +"業系統所使用的 runlevels。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19701 +#: book.translate.xml:19718 msgid "" "Additional information can be found in rc8 and " @@ -28592,14 +28759,20 @@ "on how to create custom rc8 scripts." msgstr "" +"額外的資訊可在 rc8 以及 rc.subr8 中找到。請參考 此" +"文章 來取得如何建立自訂 rc8 Script 的操作說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19707 +#: book.translate.xml:19724 msgid "Managing System-Specific Configuration" -msgstr "管理特定系統的設定" +msgstr "管理系統特定的設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19709 +#: book.translate.xml:19726 msgid "" "rc files rc.conf" @@ -28606,7 +28779,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19714 +#: book.translate.xml:19731 msgid "" "The principal location for system configuration information is /" "etc/rc.conf. This file contains a wide range of configuration " @@ -28614,9 +28787,12 @@ "provides the configuration information for the rc* " "files." msgstr "" +"系統設定資訊的主要位於 /etc/rc.conf，這個檔案的設定資訊" +"範圍非常廣且會在系統啟動時讀取來設定系統，它也提供設定資訊給 rc* 檔案使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19721 +#: book.translate.xml:19738 msgid "" "The entries in /etc/rc.conf override the default " "settings in /etc/defaults/rc.conf. The file containing " @@ -28623,9 +28799,12 @@ "the default settings should not be edited. Instead, all system-specific " "changes should be made to /etc/rc.conf." msgstr "" +"在 /etc/rc.conf 中的設定項目會覆蓋在 /etc/" +"defaults/rc.conf 的預設設定，不應直接編輯該檔案中的預設設定，所有" +"系統特定的設定應到 /etc/rc.conf 所修改。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19728 +#: book.translate.xml:19745 msgid "" "A number of strategies may be applied in clustered applications to separate " "site-wide configuration from system-specific configuration in order to " @@ -28634,9 +28813,13 @@ "example, these entries in /etc/rc.conf apply to all " "systems:" msgstr "" +"在叢集應用時要將系統特定的設定與各站特定的設定分開，藉此減少管理成本有好幾種" +"方法，建議的方法是將系統特定的設定放置在 /etc/rc.conf.local，例如以下將要套用到所有系統的設定項目放在 /etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19737 +#: book.translate.xml:19754 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sshd_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -28645,14 +28828,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19741 +#: book.translate.xml:19758 msgid "" "Whereas these entries in /etc/rc.conf.local apply to " "this system only:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "而只套用到此系統的設定放在 /etc/rc.conf.local：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19745 +#: book.translate.xml:19762 #, no-wrap msgid "" "hostname=\"node1.example.org\"\n" @@ -28660,22 +28843,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19748 +#: book.translate.xml:19765 msgid "" "Distribute /etc/rc.conf to every system using an " "application such as rsync or puppet, while /etc/rc.conf.local remains unique." msgstr "" +"使用應用程式如 rsync 或 puppet 將 /etc/rc.conf 散布到每個系統，而在各系統" +"保留自己的 /etc/rc.conf.local。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19755 +#: book.translate.xml:19772 msgid "" "Upgrading the system will not overwrite /etc/rc.conf, " "so system configuration information will not be lost." msgstr "" +"升級系統並不會覆寫 /etc/rc.conf，所以系統設定資訊不會因" +"此遺失。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:19760 +#: book.translate.xml:19777 msgid "" "Both /etc/rc.conf and /etc/rc.conf.local are parsed by shrc.conf5 for further information on this topic." msgstr "" +"/etc/rc.conf 以及 /etc/rc.conf.local 兩個檔案都會使用 sh1 解析，這讓系統操作者能" +"夠建立較複雜的設定方案。請參考 rc.conf5 來取得更多有關此主題的" +"資訊。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:19772 +#: book.translate.xml:19789 msgid "Setting Up Network Interface Cards" msgstr "設定網路介面卡" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:19775 book.translate.xml:32131 book.translate.xml:32433 -#: book.translate.xml:32816 +#: book.translate.xml:19792 book.translate.xml:32148 book.translate.xml:32450 +#: book.translate.xml:32833 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille Contributed by " @@ -28700,29 +28894,31 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19785 book.translate.xml:19998 +#: book.translate.xml:19802 book.translate.xml:20015 msgid "network cards configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19790 +#: book.translate.xml:19807 msgid "" "Adding and configuring a network interface card (NIC) is " "a common task for any FreeBSD administrator." msgstr "" +"對 FreeBSD 管理者來說加入與設定網路介面卡 (Network Interface Card, " +"NIC) 會是一件常見的工作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19795 +#: book.translate.xml:19812 msgid "Locating the Correct Driver" msgstr "找到正確的驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19797 +#: book.translate.xml:19814 msgid "network cards driver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19802 +#: book.translate.xml:19819 msgid "" "First, determine the model of the NIC and the chip it " "uses. FreeBSD supports a wide variety of NICs. Check the " @@ -28729,9 +28925,12 @@ "Hardware Compatibility List for the FreeBSD release to see if the " "NIC is supported." msgstr "" +"首先，要先確定 NIC 的型號及其使用的晶片。FreeBSD 支援各種 " +"NIC，可檢查該 FreeBSD 發佈版本的硬體相容性清單來查看是否有" +"支援該 NIC。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19808 +#: book.translate.xml:19825 msgid "" "If the NIC is supported, determine the name of the " "FreeBSD driver for the NIC. Refer to /usr/src/" @@ -28741,9 +28940,15 @@ "read the manual page of the driver as it will provide more information about " "the supported hardware and any known limitations of the driver." msgstr "" +"若有支援該 NIC，接著要確定該 NIC 所要需" +"要的 FreeBSD 驅動程式名稱。請參考 /usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES 及 /usr/src/sys/arch/conf/" +"NOTES 來取得 NIC 驅動程式清單及其支援的晶片組相" +"關資訊。當有疑問是，請閱讀該驅動程式的操作手冊，會有提供更多有關支援硬體及該" +"驅動程式已知問題的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19818 +#: book.translate.xml:19835 msgid "" "The drivers for common NICs are already present in the " "GENERIC kernel, meaning the NIC " @@ -28754,9 +28959,15 @@ "refentrytitle>4 driver are present on " "the system:" msgstr "" +"GENERIC 核心已有內含常見 NIC 的驅動程" +"式 ，意思是在開機時應該會偵測到 NIC。可以輸入 " +"more /var/run/dmesg.boot 來檢視系統的開機訊息並使用空白鍵" +"捲動文字。在此例中，兩個乙太網路 NIC 使用系統已有的 " +"dc4 驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19827 +#: book.translate.xml:19844 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dc0: <82c169 PNIC 10/100BaseTX> port 0xa000-0xa0ff mem 0xd3800000-0xd38\n" @@ -28776,7 +28987,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19842 +#: book.translate.xml:19859 msgid "" "If the driver for the NIC is not present in " "GENERIC, but a driver is available, the driver will " @@ -28783,9 +28994,12 @@ "need to be loaded before the NIC can be configured and " "used. This may be accomplished in one of two ways:" msgstr "" +"若在 GENERIC 中沒有該 NIC 的驅動程" +"式，但有可用的驅動程式，那麼在設定及使用 NIC 前要先載入該" +"驅動程式，有兩種方式可以完成這件事：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19850 +#: book.translate.xml:19867 msgid "" "The easiest way is to load a kernel module for the NIC " "using kldload8/boot/loader.conf. " "Not all NIC drivers are available as modules." msgstr "" +"最簡單的方式是使用 kldload8 載入 NIC 要使用的核心模組。要在開機時自動載入，可加入適當的設定到 /" +"boot/loader.conf。不是所有 NIC 驅動程式皆可當做" +"模組使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19860 +#: book.translate.xml:19877 msgid "" "Alternatively, statically compile support for the NIC " "into a custom kernel. Refer to /usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES, " @@ -28805,9 +29024,15 @@ "kernel, refer to . If the NIC was detected at boot, the kernel does not need to be recompiled." msgstr "" +"或者，靜態編譯對 NIC 的支援到自訂核心，請參考 /" +"usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES, /usr/src/sys/arch/conf/NOTES 及驅動程式的操作手冊來了解要在自訂核心設定" +"檔中要加入那些設定。要取得更多有關重新編譯核心的資訊可參考 。若在開機時有偵測到 NIC，就不需要再重新" +"編譯核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:19873 +#: book.translate.xml:19890 msgid "" "Using Windows NDIS Drivers" @@ -28816,17 +29041,17 @@ "acronym> 驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19875 +#: book.translate.xml:19892 msgid "NDIS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19878 +#: book.translate.xml:19895 msgid "NDISulator" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19881 +#: book.translate.xml:19898 msgid "" "Windows drivers" @@ -28833,7 +29058,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19884 +#: book.translate.xml:19901 msgid "" "Microsoft Windows device " @@ -28841,12 +29066,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19888 +#: book.translate.xml:19905 msgid "KLD (kernel loadable object)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19896 +#: book.translate.xml:19913 msgid "" "Unfortunately, there are still many vendors that do not provide schematics " "for their drivers to the open source community because they regard such " @@ -28856,9 +29081,14 @@ "driver binaries available for Microsoft Windows platforms." msgstr "" +"很不幸的，仍有很多供應商並沒有提供它們驅動程式的技術文件給開源社群，因為這些" +"文件有涉及商業機密。因此，FreeBSD 及其他作業系統的開發人員只剩下兩種方案可以" +"選擇：透過長期與艱苦的過程做逆向工程來開發驅動程式或是使用現有供 Microsoft Windows 平台用的驅動程式 Binary。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19905 +#: book.translate.xml:19922 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides native support for the Network Driver " "Interface Specification (NDIS). It includes " @@ -28872,35 +29102,51 @@ "CardBus, PCMCIA, and USB devices are " "supported." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 對 Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) " +"有提供 原生 的支援，這包含了 " +"ndisgen8 可用來轉換 Windows XP 驅動程式成可在 FreeBSD 上使用的格式。由於 " +"ndis4 驅動程式使用的是 Windows XP binary，所以只能在 i386 及 amd64 系統上" +"執行。PCI, CardBus, PCMCIA 以及 " +"USB 裝置也都有支援。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19915 +#: book.translate.xml:19932 msgid "" "To use ndisgen8, three things are needed:" msgstr "" +"要使用 ndisgen8 需要三樣東西：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19919 +#: book.translate.xml:19936 msgid "FreeBSD kernel sources." -msgstr "" +msgstr "FreeBSD 核心原始碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19923 +#: book.translate.xml:19940 msgid "" "A Windows XP driver binary with " "a .SYS extension." msgstr "" +"一個 .SYS 附檔名的 Windows XP 驅動程式 Binary。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19928 +#: book.translate.xml:19945 msgid "" "A Windows XP driver " "configuration file with a .INF extension." msgstr "" +"一個 .INF 附檔名的 Windows XP 驅動程式設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19933 +#: book.translate.xml:19950 msgid "" "Download the .SYS and .INF files " "for the specific NIC. Generally, these can be found on " @@ -28907,9 +29153,13 @@ "the driver CD or at the vendor's website. The following examples use " "W32DRIVER.SYS and W32DRIVER.INF." msgstr "" +"下載供指定 NIC 使用的 .SYS 及 " +".INF 檔。通常這些檔案可以在驅動程式 CD 或者供應商的網站" +"上找到。以下範例會使用 W32DRIVER.SYS 及 " +"W32DRIVER.INF。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19940 +#: book.translate.xml:19957 msgid "" "The driver bit width must match the version of FreeBSD. For FreeBSD/i386, " "use a Windows 32-bit driver. For " @@ -28916,9 +29166,13 @@ "FreeBSD/amd64, a Windows 64-bit " "driver is needed." msgstr "" +"驅動程式的位元寬度必須與 FreeBSD 的版本相符。例如 FreeBSD/i386 需要使用 " +"Windows 32-bit 驅動程式，而 " +"FreeBSD/amd64 則需要使用 Windows " +"64-bit 驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19944 +#: book.translate.xml:19961 msgid "" "The next step is to compile the driver binary into a loadable kernel module. " "As root, use " @@ -28925,15 +29179,19 @@ "ndisgen8:" msgstr "" +"下個步驟是編譯驅動程式 Binary 成可載入的核心模組。以 root 身份使用 " +"ndisgen8：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19949 +#: book.translate.xml:19966 #, no-wrap msgid "# ndisgen /path/to/W32DRIVER.INF /path/to/W32DRIVER.SYS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19951 +#: book.translate.xml:19968 msgid "" "This command is interactive and prompts for any extra information it " "requires. A new kernel module will be generated in the current directory. " @@ -28940,15 +29198,18 @@ "Use kldload8 to load the new module:" msgstr "" +"這個指令是互動式的，會提示輸入任何所需的額外資訊，新的核心模組會被產生在目前" +"的目錄，使用 kldload8 來載入新的模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19956 +#: book.translate.xml:19973 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload ./W32DRIVER_SYS.ko" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19958 +#: book.translate.xml:19975 msgid "" "In addition to the generated kernel module, the ndis.ko " "and if_ndis.ko modules must be loaded. This should " @@ -28957,9 +29218,13 @@ "citerefentry> is loaded. If not, load them manually, using the following " "commands:" msgstr "" +"除了產生的核心模組之外，ndis.ko 以及 if_ndis." +"ko 也必須載入，會在任何有相依 ndis4 的模組被載入時一併自動" +"載入。若沒有自動載入，則需使用以下指令手動載入：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19965 +#: book.translate.xml:19982 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kldload ndis\n" @@ -28967,23 +29232,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19968 +#: book.translate.xml:19985 msgid "" "The first command loads the ndis4 miniport driver " "wrapper and the second loads the generated NIC driver." msgstr "" +"第一個指令會載入 ndis4 miniport 驅動程式包裝程" +"式，而第二個指令會載入產生的 NIC 驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19972 +#: book.translate.xml:19989 msgid "" "Check dmesg8 to see if there were any load errors. If all went " "well, the output should be similar to the following:" msgstr "" +"檢查 dmesg8 查看是否有任何載入錯誤，若一切正常，輸出結果應會如" +"下所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19976 +#: book.translate.xml:19993 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ndis0: <Wireless-G PCI Adapter> mem 0xf4100000-0xf4101fff irq 3 at device 8.0 on pci1\n" @@ -28994,14 +29265,16 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19982 +#: book.translate.xml:19999 msgid "" "From here, ndis0 can be configured like any other " "NIC." msgstr "" +"到此之後 ndis0 可以像任何其他 NIC 設" +"定使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19985 +#: book.translate.xml:20002 msgid "" "To configure the system to load the ndis4 modules at boot time, " @@ -29009,20 +29282,24 @@ "/boot/modules. Then, add the following line to " "/boot/loader.conf:" msgstr "" +"要設定系統於開機時載入 ndis4 模組，可複製產生的模組 " +"W32DRIVER_SYS.ko 到 /boot/modules。" +"然後加入下行到 /boot/loader.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19991 +#: book.translate.xml:20008 #, no-wrap msgid "W32DRIVER_SYS_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19996 +#: book.translate.xml:20013 msgid "Configuring the Network Card" msgstr "設定網路卡" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20003 +#: book.translate.xml:20020 msgid "" "Once the right driver is loaded for the NIC, the card " "needs to be configured. It may have been configured at installation time by " @@ -29029,16 +29306,19 @@ "bsdinstall8." msgstr "" +"載入正確的 NIC 驅動程式之後，接著需要設定介面卡，這個動作" +"可能在安裝時已經使用 bsdinstall8 設定過了。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20008 +#: book.translate.xml:20025 msgid "" "To display the NIC configuration, enter the following " "command:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "要查看 NIC 設定可輸入以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20011 +#: book.translate.xml:20028 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ifconfig\n" @@ -29063,27 +29343,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20031 +#: book.translate.xml:20048 msgid "In this example, the following devices were displayed:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "在這個例子中列出了以下裝置：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20036 +#: book.translate.xml:20053 msgid "dc0: The first Ethernet interface." -msgstr "" +msgstr "dc0: 第一個乙太網路介面。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20041 +#: book.translate.xml:20058 msgid "dc1: The second Ethernet interface." -msgstr "" +msgstr "dc1: 第二個乙太網路介面。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20046 +#: book.translate.xml:20063 msgid "lo0: The loopback device." -msgstr "" +msgstr "lo0: Loopback 裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20051 +#: book.translate.xml:20068 msgid "" "FreeBSD uses the driver name followed by the order in which the card is " "detected at boot to name the NIC. For example, " @@ -29091,50 +29371,63 @@ "using the sis4 driver." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 會使用驅動程式名稱接著開機時所偵測到的介面卡順序來命名 NIC。例如 sis2 是指在系統上使用 " +"sis4 驅動程式的第三個 NIC。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20058 +#: book.translate.xml:20075 msgid "" "In this example, dc0 is up and running. The key " "indicators are:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "在此例中，dc0 已經上線並且執行中。主要的依據有：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20063 +#: book.translate.xml:20080 msgid "UP means that the card is configured and ready." -msgstr "" +msgstr "UP 代表介面卡已設定好並且準備就緒。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20068 +#: book.translate.xml:20085 msgid "" "The card has an Internet (inet) address, 192.168.1.3." msgstr "" +"介面卡有網際網路 (inet) 位址，192.168.1.3。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20073 +#: book.translate.xml:20090 msgid "" "It has a valid subnet mask (netmask), where 0xffffff00 is the same as 255.255.255.0." msgstr "" +"介面卡有一個有效的子網路遮罩 (netmask)，其中 0xffffff00 等同於 255.255.255.0。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20080 +#: book.translate.xml:20097 msgid "" "It has a valid broadcast address, 192.168.1.255." msgstr "" +"介面卡有一個有效的廣播位址，192.168.1.255。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20084 +#: book.translate.xml:20101 msgid "" "The MAC address of the card (ether) is " "00:a0:cc:da:da:da." msgstr "" +"介面卡 (ether) 的 MAC 位址是 " +"00:a0:cc:da:da:da。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20089 +#: book.translate.xml:20106 msgid "" "The physical media selection is on autoselection mode (media: " "Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)). In this " @@ -29142,9 +29435,13 @@ "UTP media. For more information on available media types for a " "driver, refer to its manual page." msgstr "" +"實體媒介選擇為自動選擇模式 (media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX " +"<full-duplex>))。在本例中 dc1 被設定使" +"用 10baseT/UTP 媒介。要取得更多有關可用的驅動程式媒介類型" +"請參考操作手冊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20099 +#: book.translate.xml:20116 msgid "" "The status of the link (status) is active, indicating that the carrier signal is detected. For dc1, the status: no carrier status is normal when " "an Ethernet cable is not plugged into the card." msgstr "" +"連結的狀態 (status) 為使用中 (active)，" +"代表有偵測到載波信號 (Carrier Signal)。若 dc1 所代表的介" +"面卡未插入乙太網路線則狀態為 status: no carrier 是正常的。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20108 +#: book.translate.xml:20125 msgid "" "If the ifconfig8 output had shown something similar to:" msgstr "" +"若 ifconfig8 的輸出結果如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20111 +#: book.translate.xml:20128 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dc0: flags=8843<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n" @@ -29171,12 +29473,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20117 +#: book.translate.xml:20134 msgid "it would indicate the card has not been configured." -msgstr "" +msgstr "則代表尚未設定介面卡。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20119 +#: book.translate.xml:20136 msgid "" "The card must be configured as root. The NIC configuration can be performed from " @@ -29186,44 +29488,55 @@ "conf. If a DHCP server is present on the LAN, " "just add this line:" msgstr "" +"介面卡必須以 root 來設定。" +"NIC 的設定可在指令列執行 " +"ifconfig8 來完成，但重新開機之後變會消失，除非將設定也加到 " +"/etc/rc.conf。若在 LAN 中有 DHCP 伺服" +"器，則只需加入此行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20128 +#: book.translate.xml:20145 #, no-wrap msgid "ifconfig_dc0=\"DHCP\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20130 +#: book.translate.xml:20147 msgid "" "Replace dc0 with the correct value for the system." -msgstr "" +msgstr "替換 dc0 為該系統的正確值。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20133 +#: book.translate.xml:20150 msgid "" "The line added, then, follow the instructions given in ." msgstr "" +"加入這行之後，接著依據 指示操作。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:20137 +#: book.translate.xml:20154 msgid "" "If the network was configured during installation, some entries for the " "NIC(s) may be already present. Double check /" "etc/rc.conf before adding any lines." msgstr "" +"若網路在安裝時已設定，可能會已經有 NIC 的設定項目。在加入" +"任何設定前請再次檢查 /etc/rc.conf。 " #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20143 +#: book.translate.xml:20160 msgid "" "In the case, there is no DHCP server, the NIC(s) have to be configured manually. Add a line for each " "NIC present on the system, as seen in this example:" msgstr "" +"在這個例中，沒有 DHCP 伺服器，必須手動設定 NIC。提每一個在系統上的 NIC 加入一行設定，如此例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20148 +#: book.translate.xml:20165 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ifconfig_dc0=\"inet 192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n" @@ -29231,7 +29544,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20151 +#: book.translate.xml:20168 msgid "" "Replace dc0 and dc1 and the " "IP address information with the correct values for the " @@ -29241,9 +29554,15 @@ "refentrytitle>5 for more details about " "the allowed options and the syntax of /etc/rc.conf." msgstr "" +"替換 dc0 及 dc1 以及 IP 位址資訊為系統的正確值。請參考驅動程式的操作手冊、" +"ifconfig8 以及 rc.conf5 取得更多有關可用的選項" +"及 /etc/rc.conf 的語法。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20158 +#: book.translate.xml:20175 msgid "" "If the network is not using DNS, edit /etc/" "hosts to add the names and IP addresses of the " @@ -29252,16 +29571,23 @@ "refentrytitle>5 and to /usr/" "share/examples/etc/hosts." msgstr "" +"若網路沒有使用 DNS，則編輯 /etc/hosts 加入 LAN 上主機的名稱與 IP 位" +"址。要取得更多資訊請參考 hosts5 及 /usr/" +"share/examples/etc/hosts。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:20166 +#: book.translate.xml:20183 msgid "" "If there is no DHCP server and access to the Internet is " "needed, manually configure the default gateway and the nameserver:" msgstr "" +"若沒有 DHCP 伺服器且需要存取網際網路，那麼需要手動設定預設" +"閘道及名稱伺服器：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20170 +#: book.translate.xml:20187 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# echo 'defaultrouter=\"your_default_router\"' >> /etc/rc.conf\n" @@ -29269,12 +29595,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20176 +#: book.translate.xml:20193 msgid "Testing and Troubleshooting" msgstr "測試與疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20178 +#: book.translate.xml:20195 msgid "" "Once the necessary changes to /etc/rc.conf are saved, a " "reboot can be used to test the network configuration and to verify that the " @@ -29281,46 +29607,50 @@ "system restarts without any configuration errors. Alternatively, apply the " "settings to the networking system with this command:" msgstr "" +"必要的變更儲存到 /etc/rc.conf 之後，需要重新啟動系統來測" +"試網路設定並檢查系統重新啟動是否沒有任何設定錯誤。或者使用這個指令將設定套用" +"到網路系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20185 book.translate.xml:62441 +#: book.translate.xml:20202 book.translate.xml:62440 #, no-wrap msgid "# service netif restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:20188 +#: book.translate.xml:20205 msgid "" "If a default gateway has been set in /etc/rc.conf, also " "issue this command:" msgstr "" +"若預設的閘道器已設定於 /etc/rc.conf 也同樣要下這個指令：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20192 +#: book.translate.xml:20209 #, no-wrap msgid "# service routing restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20195 +#: book.translate.xml:20212 msgid "" "Once the networking system has been relaunched, test the NICs." -msgstr "" +msgstr "網路系統重新啟動後，便可接著測試 NIC。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20199 +#: book.translate.xml:20216 msgid "Testing the Ethernet Card" msgstr "測試乙太網路卡" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20201 +#: book.translate.xml:20218 msgid "network cards testing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20206 +#: book.translate.xml:20223 msgid "" "To verify that an Ethernet card is configured correctly, " "ping8ping8 another machine on the LAN:" msgstr "" +"要檢查乙太網路卡是否已正確設定可 ping8 介面卡自己，然後 " +"ping8 其他於 LAN 上的主機：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20210 +#: book.translate.xml:20227 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ping -c5 192.168.1.3\n" @@ -29347,7 +29681,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20222 +#: book.translate.xml:20239 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ping -c5 192.168.1.2\n" @@ -29364,7 +29698,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20234 +#: book.translate.xml:20251 msgid "" "To test network resolution, use the host name instead of the IP address. If there is no DNS server on the " @@ -29375,14 +29709,21 @@ "hosts5 and to /usr/share/examples/etc/hosts." msgstr "" +"要測試網路解析，可使用主機名稱來替代 IP 位址。若在網路上沒" +"有 DNS 伺服器則必須先設定 /etc/hosts，若主機尚未設定到 /etc/hosts 中，則需編輯 " +"/etc/hosts 加入 LAN 上主機的名稱及 " +"IP 位址，要取得更多資訊請參考 " +"hosts5 及 /usr/share/examples/etc/hosts。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20249 +#: book.translate.xml:20266 msgid "network cards troubleshooting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20254 +#: book.translate.xml:20271 msgid "" "When troubleshooting hardware and software configurations, check the simple " "things first. Is the network cable plugged in? Are the network services " @@ -29391,9 +29732,13 @@ "always check the Hardware Notes, update the version of FreeBSD to the latest " "STABLE version, check the mailing list archives, and search the Internet." msgstr "" +"在排除硬體及軟體設定問題時，要先檢查幾件簡單的事。網路線插上了沒？網路的服務" +"都正確設定了嗎？防火牆設定是否正確？FreeBSD 是否支援該 NIC？在回報問題之前，永遠要先檢查 Hardware Notes、更新 FreeBSD 到最新的 " +"STABLE 版本、檢查郵遞論壇封存記錄以及上網查詢。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20263 +#: book.translate.xml:20280 msgid "" "If the card works, yet performance is poor, read through " "tuning7. Also, check the network configuration as incorrect network " "settings can cause slow connections." msgstr "" +"若介面卡可以運作，但是效能很差，請閱讀 tuning7，同時也要檢查網路設定，" +"因為不正確的網路設定會造成連線速度緩慢。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20268 +#: book.translate.xml:20285 msgid "" "Some users experience one or two device timeout " "messages, which is normal for some cards. If they continue, or are " @@ -29409,9 +29757,12 @@ "bothersome, determine if the device is conflicting with another device. " "Double check the cable connections. Consider trying another card." msgstr "" +"部份使用者會遇到一次或兩次 device timeout 的訊息，在對" +"某些介面卡是正常的。若訊息持續發生或很煩的，請確認是否有與其他的裝置衝突，再" +"次檢查網路線，或考慮使用其他介面卡。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20275 +#: book.translate.xml:20292 msgid "" "To resolve watchdog timeout errors, first check the " "network cable. Many cards require a PCI slot which " @@ -29419,9 +29770,13 @@ "acronym> slot allows it, usually slot 0. Check the NIC " "and the motherboard documentation to determine if that may be the problem." msgstr "" +"要解決 watchdog timeout 錯誤，先檢查網路線。許多介面卡" +"需要使用支援 Bus Mastering 的 PCI 插槽，在一些舊型的主機" +"板，只會有一個 PCI 插槽支援，通常是插槽 0。檢查 " +"NIC 以及主機板說明文件來確定是否為此問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20284 +#: book.translate.xml:20301 msgid "" "No route to host messages occur if the system is " "unable to route a packet to the destination host. This can happen if no " @@ -29429,9 +29784,13 @@ "netstat -rn and make sure there is a valid route to the " "host. If there is not, read ." msgstr "" +"若系統無法路由傳送封包到目標主機則會出現 No route to host 訊息，這可能是因為沒有指定預設的路由或未插上網路線。請檢查 " +"netstat -rn 的輸出並確認有一個有效的路由可連線至主機，若沒" +"有，請閱讀 。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20292 +#: book.translate.xml:20309 msgid "" "ping: sendto: Permission denied error messages are " "often caused by a misconfigured firewall. If a firewall is enabled on " @@ -29440,9 +29799,14 @@ "manvolnum>. Refer to for more " "information." msgstr "" +"造成 ping: sendto: Permission denied 錯誤訊息的原因通" +"常是防火牆設定錯誤。若在 FreeBSD 上有開啟防火牆，但卻未定義任何的規則，預設的" +"原則是拒絕所有傳輸，即使是用 ping8。請參考 取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20299 +#: book.translate.xml:20316 msgid "" "Sometimes performance of the card is poor or below average. In these cases, " "try setting the media selection mode from autoselect to " @@ -29451,32 +29815,39 @@ "to tuning7." msgstr "" +"有時介面卡的效能很差或低於平均值，在這種情況可嘗試設定媒介選擇模式由 " +"autoselect 更改為正確的媒介選項，雖然這在大部份硬體可運" +"作，但可能無法解決問題，同樣的，檢查所有網路設定並參考 " +"tuning7。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:20311 +#: book.translate.xml:20328 msgid "Virtual Hosts" msgstr "虛擬主機" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20313 +#: book.translate.xml:20330 msgid "virtual hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20314 +#: book.translate.xml:20331 msgid "IP aliases" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20317 +#: book.translate.xml:20334 msgid "" "A common use of FreeBSD is virtual site hosting, where one server appears to " "the network as many servers. This is achieved by assigning multiple network " "addresses to a single interface." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 最常見的用途之一就是虛擬網站代管，即以一台伺服器在網路上扮演多台伺服" +"器，這可以透過指定多個網路位置到一個網路介面來做到。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20322 +#: book.translate.xml:20339 msgid "" "A given network interface has one real address, and may have " "any number of alias addresses. These aliases are normally " @@ -29483,15 +29854,18 @@ "added by placing alias entries in /etc/rc.conf, as seen " "in this example:" msgstr "" +"一個網路介面會有一個 真實 (Real) 位址且可以有許多個 別" +"名 (Alias) 位址。一般會在 /etc/rc.conf 中放置別" +"名項目來增加別名，如下例：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20328 +#: book.translate.xml:20345 #, no-wrap msgid "ifconfig_fxp0_alias0=\"inet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20330 +#: book.translate.xml:20347 msgid "" "Alias entries must start with alias0 using a sequential number such as alias0, " @@ -29498,9 +29872,12 @@ "alias1, and so on. The configuration process will stop at " "the first missing number." msgstr "" +"別名項目必須以 alias0 開頭，使" +"用連續數字例如 alias0, alias1 以此類" +"推，設定程序會在第一個遇到缺號的地方中止。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20337 +#: book.translate.xml:20354 msgid "" "The calculation of alias netmasks is important. For a given interface, there " "must be one address which correctly represents the network's netmask. Any " @@ -29509,9 +29886,13 @@ "\">255.255.255.255 or 0xffffffff." msgstr "" +"要注意別名網路遮罩 (Netmask) 的計算，使用的介面必須至少有一個正確的填寫網路遮" +"罩的位址，而其他所有在此網路中的位址則必須使用全部 1 的網" +"路遮罩，可用 255.255.255.255 或 " +"0xffffffff 來表示。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20345 +#: book.translate.xml:20362 msgid "" "For example, consider the case where the fxp0 interface " "is connected to two networks: 10.1.1.0255.255.255.255." msgstr "" +"舉例來說，有一個 fxp0 介面連結到兩個網路：10.1.1.0 使用網路遮罩 255.255.255.0 以及 202.0.75.16 使用網路遮罩 255.255.255.240。而系統將要設定使用範圍 10.1.1.1 到 10.1.1.5 以及 202.0.75.17 到 202.0.75.20。在指" +"定的網路範圍中只有第一個位址應使用真實的網路遮罩，其餘 (10.1.1.2 到 10.1.1.5 及 202.0.75.18 到 202.0.75.20) 則必" +"須設定使用 255.255.255.255 的遮" +"罩。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20367 +#: book.translate.xml:20384 msgid "" "The following /etc/rc.conf entries configure the " "adapter correctly for this scenario:" msgstr "" +"在此情境下正確設定網路介面的方式如下 /etc/rc.conf 中的項" +"目：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20370 +#: book.translate.xml:20387 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ifconfig_fxp0=\"inet 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n" @@ -29554,7 +29951,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20380 +#: book.translate.xml:20397 msgid "" "A simpler way to express this is with a space-separated list of IP address ranges. The first address will be given the indicated " @@ -29561,20 +29958,23 @@ "subnet mask and the additional addresses will have a subnet mask of " "255.255.255.255." msgstr "" +"有一種更簡單的方式可以表達這些設定，便是使用以空白分隔的 IP 位址清單。只有第一個位址會使用指定的子網路遮罩，其他的位址則會使用 " +"255.255.255.255 的子網路遮罩。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20386 +#: book.translate.xml:20403 #, no-wrap msgid "ifconfig_fxp0_aliases=\"inet 10.1.1.1-5/24 inet 202.0.75.17-20/28\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:20391 +#: book.translate.xml:20408 msgid "Configuring System Logging" msgstr "設定系統日誌" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:20394 +#: book.translate.xml:20411 msgid "" " Niclas Zeising Contributed by " @@ -29581,18 +29981,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20404 +#: book.translate.xml:20421 msgid "system logging" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20407 book.translate.xml:57161 +#: book.translate.xml:20424 book.translate.xml:57157 msgid "syslog" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20410 +#: book.translate.xml:20427 msgid "" "syslogd8" @@ -29599,7 +29999,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20414 +#: book.translate.xml:20431 msgid "" "Generating and reading system logs is an important aspect of system " "administration. The information in system logs can be used to detect " @@ -29608,9 +30008,13 @@ "and incident response. Most system daemons and applications will generate " "log entries." msgstr "" +"產生與讀取系統日誌對系統管理來說是一件非常重要的事，在系統日誌中的資訊可以用" +"來偵測硬體與軟體的問題，同樣也可以偵測應用程式與系統設定的錯誤。這些資訊在安" +"全性稽查與事件回應也同樣扮演了重要的角色，大多數系統 Daemon 與應用程式都會產" +"生日誌項目。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20422 +#: book.translate.xml:20439 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides a system logger, syslogd, to " "manage logging. By default, syslogd is started " @@ -29621,26 +30025,35 @@ "to syslogd8 for more information on the available arguments." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 提供了一個系統日誌程式 syslogd 用來管理日" +"誌。預設 syslogd 會與系統開機時啟動。這可使用在 " +"/etc/rc.conf 中的變數 syslogd_enable " +"來控制。而且有數個應用程式參數可在 /etc/rc.conf 使用 " +"syslogd_flags 來設定。請參考 " +"syslogd8 來取得更多可用參數的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20433 +#: book.translate.xml:20450 msgid "" "This section describes how to configure the FreeBSD system logger for both " "local and remote logging and how to perform log rotation and log management." msgstr "" +"此章節會介紹如何設定 FreeBSD 系統日誌程式來做本地與遠端日誌並且介紹如何執行日" +"誌翻轉 (Log rotation) 與日誌管理。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20438 +#: book.translate.xml:20455 msgid "Configuring Local Logging" msgstr "設定本地日誌" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20440 +#: book.translate.xml:20457 msgid "syslog.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20442 +#: book.translate.xml:20459 msgid "" "The configuration file, /etc/syslog.conf, controls what " "syslogd does with log entries as they are " @@ -29653,9 +30066,15 @@ "action depending on the application that sent the message, and in the case " "of remote logging, the hostname of the machine generating the logging event." msgstr "" +"設定檔 /etc/syslog.conf 控制 syslogd 收到日誌項目時要做的事情，有數個參數可以用來控制接收到事件時的處" +"理方式。設施 (facility) 用來描述記錄產生訊息的子系統 " +"(subsystem)，如核心或者 Daemon，而 層級 (level) 用來描" +"述所發生的事件嚴重性。也可以依據應用程式所發出的訊息及產生日誌事件機器的主機" +"名稱來決定後續處置的動作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20457 +#: book.translate.xml:20474 msgid "" "This configuration file contains one line per action, where the syntax for " "each line is a selector field followed by an action field. The syntax of the " @@ -29669,9 +30088,17 @@ "log message, such as to a file or remote log host. As an example, here is " "the default syslog.conf from FreeBSD:" msgstr "" +"此設定檔中一行代表一個動作，每一行的格式皆為一個選擇器欄位 (Selector field) " +"接著一個動作欄位 (Action field)。選擇器欄位的格式為 facility." +"level 可以用來比對來自 facility 於層" +"級 level 或更高層的日誌訊息，也可以在層級前加入選" +"擇性的比對旗標來更確切的指定記錄的內容。同樣一個動作可以使用多個選擇器欄位並" +"使用分號 (;) 來分隔。用 * 可以比對任何" +"東西。動作欄位可用來指定傳送日誌訊息的目標，如一個檔案或遠端日誌主機。範例為" +"以下為 FreeBSD 預設的 syslog.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20472 +#: book.translate.xml:20489 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# $FreeBSD$\n" @@ -29712,12 +30139,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20508 +#: book.translate.xml:20525 msgid "In this example:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "在這個範例中：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20512 +#: book.translate.xml:20529 msgid "" "Line 8 matches all messages with a level of err or " "higher, as well as kern.warning, auth.notice and mail.crit, and sends these log messages to " "the console (/dev/console)." msgstr "" +"第 8 行會找出所有符合 err 或以上層級的訊息，還有 " +"kern.warning, auth.notice 與 " +"mail.crit 的訊息，然後將這些日誌訊息傳送到 Console " +"(/dev/console)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20522 +#: book.translate.xml:20539 msgid "" "Line 12 matches all messages from the mail facility at " "level info or above and logs the messages to /" "var/log/maillog." msgstr "" +"第 12 行會找出所有符合 mail 設施中於 info 或以上層級的訊息，並記錄訊息至 /var/log/maillog。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20529 +#: book.translate.xml:20546 msgid "" "Line 17 uses a comparison flag (=) to only match messages " "at level debug and logs them to /var/log/debug." "log." msgstr "" +"第 17 行使用了比較旗標 (=) 來只找出符合 debug 層級的訊息，並將訊息記錄至 /var/log/debug.log。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20536 +#: book.translate.xml:20553 msgid "" "Line 33 is an example usage of a program specification. This makes the rules " "following it only valid for the specified program. In this case, only the " @@ -29749,9 +30185,12 @@ "messages generated by ppp are logged to " "/var/log/ppp.log." msgstr "" +"第 33 行是指定程式的範例用法。這可以讓在該行以下的規則只對指定的程式生效。在" +"此例中，只有由 ppp 產生的訊息會被記錄到 " +"/var/log/ppp.log。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20544 +#: book.translate.xml:20561 msgid "" "The available levels, in order from most to least critical are " "emerg, alert, crit, " @@ -29758,9 +30197,13 @@ "err, warning, notice, info, and debug." msgstr "" +"所以可用層級從最嚴重到最不嚴重的順序為 emerg, " +"alert, crit, err, " +"warning, notice, info 以及 debug。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20551 +#: book.translate.xml:20568 msgid "" "The facilities, in no particular order, are auth, " "authpriv, console, cronlocal0 through local7. Be aware " "that other operating systems might have different facilities." msgstr "" +"設施 (facility) 則無特定順序，可用的有 auth, " +"authpriv, console, cron, daemon, ftp, kern, lpr, mail, mark, news, security, " +"syslog, user, uucp " +"及 local0 到 local7。要注意在其他作業系" +"統的設施可能會不同。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20563 +#: book.translate.xml:20580 msgid "" "To log everything of level notice and higher to " "/var/log/daemon.log, add the following entry:" msgstr "" +"要記錄所有所有 notice 與以上層級的訊息到 /var/" +"log/daemon.log 可加入以下項目：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20567 +#: book.translate.xml:20584 #, no-wrap msgid "daemon.notice /var/log/daemon.log" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20569 +#: book.translate.xml:20586 msgid "" "For more information about the different levels and facilities, refer to " "syslog3syslog.conf5." msgstr "" +"要取得更多有關不同的層級與設施的資訊請參考 " +"syslog3 及 syslogd8。要取得更多有關 " +"/etc/syslog.conf、語法以及更多進階用法範例的資訊請參考 " +"syslog.conf5。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20577 +#: book.translate.xml:20594 msgid "Log Management and Rotation" -msgstr "日誌管理與循環" +msgstr "日誌管理與翻轉" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20579 +#: book.translate.xml:20596 msgid "newsyslog" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20580 +#: book.translate.xml:20597 msgid "newsyslog.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20581 +#: book.translate.xml:20598 msgid "log rotation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20582 +#: book.translate.xml:20599 msgid "log management" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20584 +#: book.translate.xml:20601 msgid "" "Log files can grow quickly, taking up disk space and making it more " "difficult to locate useful information. Log management attempts to mitigate " @@ -29837,9 +30297,18 @@ "citerefentry>, it is not a system daemon. In the default configuration, it " "runs every hour." msgstr "" +"日誌檔案會成長的非常快速，這會消耗磁碟空間並且會更難在日誌中找到有用的資訊，" +"日誌管理便是為了嘗試減緩這種問題。在 FreeBSD 可以使用 " +"newsyslog 來管理日誌檔案，這個內建的程式會定期翻" +"轉 (Rotate) 與壓縮日誌檔案，並且可選擇性的建立遺失的日誌檔案並在日誌檔案被移" +"動位置時通知程式。日誌檔案可能會由 syslogd 產生或" +"由其他任何會產生日誌檔案的程式。newsyslog 正常會" +"由 cron8 來執行，它並非一個系統 Daemon，預設會每個小時執行一" +"次。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20597 +#: book.translate.xml:20614 msgid "" "To know which actions to take, newsyslog reads " "its configuration file, /etc/newsyslog.conf. This file " @@ -29849,9 +30318,14 @@ "compression, and programs to signal when the log is rotated. Here is the " "default configuration in FreeBSD:" msgstr "" +"newsyslog 會讀取其設定檔 /etc/newsyslog." +"conf 來決定其要採取的動作，每個要由 newsyslog 所管理的日誌檔案會在此設定檔中設定一行，每一行要說明檔案的擁有" +"者、權限、何時要翻轉該檔案、選用的日誌翻轉旗標，如：壓縮，以及日誌翻轉時要通" +"知的程式。以下為 FreeBSD 的預設設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20607 +#: book.translate.xml:20624 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# configuration file for newsyslog\n" @@ -29896,7 +30370,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20647 +#: book.translate.xml:20664 msgid "" "Each line starts with the name of the log to be rotated, optionally followed " "by an owner and group for both rotated and newly created files. The " @@ -29913,9 +30387,19 @@ "(PID) file of a process and a signal number to send to " "that process when the file is rotated." msgstr "" +"每一行的開始為要翻轉的日誌名稱、接著是供翻轉與新建檔案使用的擁有者及群組 (選" +"填)。mode 欄位可設定日誌檔案的權限，count 代表要保留多少個翻轉過的日誌檔案，而 size 與 " +"when 欄位會告訴 newsyslog 何時" +"要翻轉該檔案。日誌檔案會在當其檔案超過 size 欄位的大小或已" +"超過 when 欄位指定的時間時翻轉，可使用星號 (*) 忽略該欄位。flags 欄位可以給予進階的參" +"數，例如：如何壓縮翻轉後檔案或建立遺失的日誌檔案。最後兩個欄位皆為選填，可指" +"定程序的程序 ID (PID) 檔名稱以及檔案翻轉後要傳送給該程序的" +"信號 (Signal) 編號。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20665 +#: book.translate.xml:20682 msgid "" "For more information on all fields, valid flags, and how to specify the " "rotation time, refer to newsyslog.confcron8." msgstr "" +"要取的更多有關所有欄位、可用的旗標及如何指定翻轉時間，請參考 " +"newsyslog.conf5。由於 newsyslog 是由 " +"cron8 執行，因此無法比其在 cron8 中所排定的時間間距內更" +"頻繁的執行翻轉檔案。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:20674 +#: book.translate.xml:20691 msgid "Configuring Remote Logging" msgstr "設定遠端日誌" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20687 +#: book.translate.xml:20704 msgid "" "Monitoring the log files of multiple hosts can become unwieldy as the number " "of systems increases. Configuring centralized logging can reduce some of the " @@ -29941,7 +30432,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20692 +#: book.translate.xml:20709 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, centralized log file aggregation, merging, and rotation can be " "configured using syslogd and " @@ -29954,12 +30445,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20704 +#: book.translate.xml:20721 msgid "Log Server Configuration" msgstr "日誌伺服器設定" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20706 +#: book.translate.xml:20723 msgid "" "A log server is a system that has been configured to accept logging " "information from other hosts. Before configuring a log server, check the " @@ -29967,7 +30458,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20712 +#: book.translate.xml:20729 msgid "" "If there is a firewall between the logging server and any logging clients, " "ensure that the firewall ruleset allows UDP port 514 for " @@ -29975,7 +30466,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20719 +#: book.translate.xml:20736 msgid "" "The logging server and all client machines must have forward and reverse " "entries in the local DNS. If the network does not have a " @@ -29985,7 +30476,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20729 +#: book.translate.xml:20746 msgid "" "On the log server, edit /etc/syslog.conf to specify the " "name of the client to receive log entries from, the logging facility to be " @@ -29995,12 +30486,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:20739 +#: book.translate.xml:20756 msgid "Sample Log Server Configuration" msgstr "日誌伺服器設定範例" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20741 +#: book.translate.xml:20758 #, no-wrap msgid "" "+logclient.example.com\n" @@ -30008,7 +30499,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20745 +#: book.translate.xml:20762 msgid "" "When adding multiple log clients, add a similar two-line entry for each " "client. More information about the available facilities may be found in " @@ -30017,12 +30508,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20749 +#: book.translate.xml:20766 msgid "Next, configure /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20752 +#: book.translate.xml:20769 #, no-wrap msgid "" "syslogd_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -30030,7 +30521,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20755 +#: book.translate.xml:20772 msgid "" "The first entry starts syslogd at system boot. " "The second entry allows log entries from the specified client. The options may be specified to allow logging from " "multiple clients. IP addresses and whole netblocks may " @@ -30050,18 +30541,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20769 +#: book.translate.xml:20786 msgid "Finally, create the log file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20771 +#: book.translate.xml:20788 #, no-wrap msgid "# touch /var/log/logclient.log" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20773 +#: book.translate.xml:20790 msgid "" "At this point, syslogd should be restarted and " "verified:" @@ -30068,7 +30559,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20776 +#: book.translate.xml:20793 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service syslogd restart\n" @@ -30076,7 +30567,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20779 +#: book.translate.xml:20796 msgid "" "If a PID is returned, the server restarted successfully, " "and client configuration can begin. If the server did not restart, consult " @@ -30084,12 +30575,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20786 +#: book.translate.xml:20803 msgid "Log Client Configuration" msgstr "日誌客戶端設定" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20788 +#: book.translate.xml:20805 msgid "" "A logging client sends log entries to a logging server on the network. The " "client also keeps a local copy of its own logs." @@ -30096,7 +30587,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20792 +#: book.translate.xml:20809 msgid "" "Once a logging server has been configured, edit /etc/rc.conf on the logging client:" @@ -30103,7 +30594,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20796 +#: book.translate.xml:20813 #, no-wrap msgid "" "syslogd_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -30111,7 +30602,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20799 +#: book.translate.xml:20816 msgid "" "The first entry enables syslogd on boot up. The " "second entry prevents logs from being accepted by this client from other " @@ -30119,7 +30610,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20805 +#: book.translate.xml:20822 msgid "" "Next, define the logging server in the client's /etc/syslog.conf. In this example, all logged facilities are sent to a remote " @@ -30128,13 +30619,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20811 +#: book.translate.xml:20828 #, no-wrap msgid "*.*\t\t@logserv.example.com" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20813 +#: book.translate.xml:20830 msgid "" "After saving the edit, restart syslogd for the " "changes to take effect:" @@ -30141,13 +30632,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20817 book.translate.xml:20861 +#: book.translate.xml:20834 book.translate.xml:20878 #, no-wrap msgid "# service syslogd restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20819 +#: book.translate.xml:20836 msgid "" "To test that log messages are being sent across the network, use " "logger1# logger \"Test message from logclient\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20825 +#: book.translate.xml:20842 msgid "" "This message should now exist both in /var/log/messages " "on the client and /var/log/logclient.log on the log " @@ -30170,12 +30661,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20832 +#: book.translate.xml:20849 msgid "Debugging Log Servers" msgstr "日誌伺服器除錯" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20834 +#: book.translate.xml:20851 msgid "" "If no messages are being received on the log server, the cause is most " "likely a network connectivity issue, a hostname resolution issue, or a typo " @@ -30189,7 +30680,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20848 +#: book.translate.xml:20865 msgid "" "If the ping succeeds on both hosts but log messages are " "still not being received, temporarily increase logging verbosity to narrow " @@ -30201,13 +30692,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20859 +#: book.translate.xml:20876 #, no-wrap msgid "syslogd_flags=\"-d -a logclient.example.com -v -v\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20863 +#: book.translate.xml:20880 msgid "" "Debugging data similar to the following will flash on the console " "immediately after the restart:" @@ -30214,7 +30705,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20866 +#: book.translate.xml:20883 #, no-wrap msgid "" "logmsg: pri 56, flags 4, from logserv.example.com, msg syslogd: restart\n" @@ -30228,7 +30719,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20875 +#: book.translate.xml:20892 msgid "" "In this example, the log messages are being rejected due to a typo which " "results in a hostname mismatch. The client's hostname should be " @@ -30237,7 +30728,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20881 +#: book.translate.xml:20898 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service syslogd restart\n" @@ -30256,7 +30747,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20895 +#: book.translate.xml:20912 msgid "" "At this point, the messages are being properly received and placed in the " "correct file." @@ -30264,12 +30755,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect3/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20900 book.translate.xml:52698 +#: book.translate.xml:20917 book.translate.xml:52694 msgid "Security Considerations" msgstr "安全注意事項" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20902 +#: book.translate.xml:20919 msgid "" "As with any network service, security requirements should be considered " "before implementing a logging server. Log files may contain sensitive data " @@ -30281,7 +30772,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20912 +#: book.translate.xml:20929 msgid "" "Local security is also an issue. Log files are not encrypted during use or " "after log rotation. Local users may access log files to gain additional " @@ -30295,191 +30786,206 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20930 +#: book.translate.xml:20947 msgid "/etc Layout" msgstr "/etc 配置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20933 +#: book.translate.xml:20950 msgid "" "There are a number of directories in which configuration information is " "kept. These include:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "有數個目錄中儲存著設定資訊，這些目錄有：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20943 +#: book.translate.xml:20960 msgid "/etc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20944 +#: book.translate.xml:20961 msgid "Generic system-specific configuration information." -msgstr "" +msgstr "通用系統特定的設定資訊。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20949 +#: book.translate.xml:20966 msgid "/etc/defaults" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20950 +#: book.translate.xml:20967 msgid "Default versions of system configuration files." -msgstr "" +msgstr "系統設定檔的預設版本。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20955 +#: book.translate.xml:20972 msgid "/etc/mail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20956 +#: book.translate.xml:20973 msgid "" "Extra sendmail8 configuration and other MTA " "configuration files." msgstr "" +"sendmail8 額外的設定以及其他 MTA 設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20961 +#: book.translate.xml:20978 msgid "/etc/ppp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20962 +#: book.translate.xml:20979 msgid "Configuration for both user- and kernel-ppp programs." -msgstr "" +msgstr "user- 及 kernel-ppp 程式的設定。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20967 book.translate.xml:55474 +#: book.translate.xml:20984 book.translate.xml:55470 msgid "/etc/namedb" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20968 +#: book.translate.xml:20985 msgid "" "Default location for named8 data. Normally " "named.conf and zone files are stored here." msgstr "" +"named8 資料的預設位置。named.conf 及區域 (Zone) " +"檔案正常會儲存在此處。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20974 +#: book.translate.xml:20991 msgid "/usr/local/etc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20975 +#: book.translate.xml:20992 msgid "" "Configuration files for installed applications. May contain per-application " "subdirectories." -msgstr "" +msgstr "已安裝應用程式的設定檔，可能會有以應用程式區分的子目錄。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20980 +#: book.translate.xml:20997 msgid "/usr/local/etc/rc.d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20981 +#: book.translate.xml:20998 msgid "" "rc8 scripts for installed applications." msgstr "" +"已安裝應用程式的 rc8 Script。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20986 +#: book.translate.xml:21003 msgid "/var/db" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20987 +#: book.translate.xml:21004 msgid "" "Automatically generated system-specific database files, such as the package " "database and the locate1 database." msgstr "" +"自動產生的系統特定資料庫檔案，例如套件資料庫以及 " +"locate1 資料庫。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20997 +#: book.translate.xml:21014 msgid "Hostnames" msgstr "主機名稱" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20999 +#: book.translate.xml:21016 msgid "hostname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21000 book.translate.xml:49351 book.translate.xml:50453 -#: book.translate.xml:51339 book.translate.xml:55184 +#: book.translate.xml:21017 book.translate.xml:49347 book.translate.xml:50449 +#: book.translate.xml:51335 book.translate.xml:55180 msgid "DNS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21003 +#: book.translate.xml:21020 msgid "/etc/resolv.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21005 +#: book.translate.xml:21022 msgid "resolv.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21009 +#: book.translate.xml:21026 msgid "" "How a FreeBSD system accesses the Internet Domain Name System (DNS) is controlled by resolv.conf5." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 要如何存取網際網路網域名稱系統 (Internet Domain Name System, " +"DNS) 是由 resolv.conf5 來控制。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21013 +#: book.translate.xml:21030 msgid "The most common entries to /etc/resolv.conf are:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "/etc/resolv.conf 中最常用的項目為：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21023 +#: book.translate.xml:21040 msgid "nameserver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21024 +#: book.translate.xml:21041 msgid "" "The IP address of a name server the resolver should " "query. The servers are queried in the order listed with a maximum of three." msgstr "" +"解析程式 (Resolver) 要查詢的名稱伺服器 IP 位置，這些伺服器" +"會依所列的順序來查詢，最多可以有三個。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21031 +#: book.translate.xml:21048 msgid "search" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21032 +#: book.translate.xml:21049 msgid "" "Search list for hostname lookup. This is normally determined by the domain " "of the local hostname." -msgstr "" +msgstr "主機名稱查詢使用的搜尋清單。這通常會使用本機主機名稱所在的網域。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21038 +#: book.translate.xml:21055 msgid "domain" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21039 +#: book.translate.xml:21056 msgid "The local domain name." -msgstr "" +msgstr "本地網域名稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21045 +#: book.translate.xml:21062 msgid "A typical /etc/resolv.conf looks like this:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "典型的 /etc/resolv.conf 會如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21048 +#: book.translate.xml:21065 #, no-wrap msgid "" "search example.com\n" @@ -30488,14 +30994,15 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:21053 +#: book.translate.xml:21070 msgid "" "Only one of the search and domain " "options should be used." msgstr "" +"search 與 domain 選項應擇一使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21057 +#: book.translate.xml:21074 msgid "" "When using DHCP, dhclient8 usually rewrites " @@ -30502,19 +31009,23 @@ "/etc/resolv.conf with information received from the " "DHCP server." msgstr "" +"當使用 DHCP 時，dhclient8 通常會使用從 " +"DHCP 伺服器所接收到的資訊覆寫 /etc/resolv.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21064 +#: book.translate.xml:21081 msgid "/etc/hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21066 +#: book.translate.xml:21083 msgid "hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21068 +#: book.translate.xml:21085 msgid "" "/etc/hosts is a simple text database which works in " "conjunction with DNS and NIS to " @@ -30526,9 +31037,16 @@ "used to provide a local record of Internet names, reducing the need to query " "external DNS servers for commonly accessed names." msgstr "" +"/etc/hosts 是簡單的文字資料庫，會與 DNS 及 NIS 一併使用來提供主機名稱與 IP 位址的對應。可將透過 LAN 所連結的在地電腦項目加入" +"到這個檔案做最簡單的命名，來替代設定一個 named8 伺服器。除此之外 " +"/etc/hosts 可以用來提供本地的網際網路名稱記錄，來減少常" +"用名稱向外部 DNS 伺服器查詢的需求。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21081 +#: book.translate.xml:21098 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# $FreeBSD$\n" @@ -30566,36 +31084,38 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21114 +#: book.translate.xml:21131 msgid "The format of /etc/hosts is as follows:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "/etc/hosts 的格式如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21117 +#: book.translate.xml:21134 #, no-wrap msgid "[Internet address] [official hostname] [alias1] [alias2] ..." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21119 +#: book.translate.xml:21136 msgid "For example:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21121 +#: book.translate.xml:21138 #, no-wrap msgid "10.0.0.1 myRealHostname.example.com myRealHostname foobar1 foobar2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21123 +#: book.translate.xml:21140 msgid "" "Consult hosts5 for more information." msgstr "" +"請參考 hosts5 取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:21129 +#: book.translate.xml:21146 msgid "" "Tuning with sysctl8" @@ -30605,17 +31125,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21131 book.translate.xml:21176 +#: book.translate.xml:21148 book.translate.xml:21193 msgid "sysctl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21132 +#: book.translate.xml:21149 msgid "tuning with sysctl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21137 +#: book.translate.xml:21154 msgid "" "sysctl8 is used to make changes to a running FreeBSD system. This " @@ -30625,33 +31145,40 @@ "read and set using sysctl8." msgstr "" +"sysctl8 可用來更改執行中的 FreeBSD 系統，這包含許多 TCP/IP 堆疊及虛擬記憶體系統的進階選項，讓有經驗的系統管理者能夠簡單的提升效" +"能。有超過五百個系統變數可以使用 sysctl8 來讀取與設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21144 +#: book.translate.xml:21161 msgid "" "At its core, sysctl8 serves two functions: " "to read and to modify system settings." msgstr "" +"sysctl8 主要提供兩個功能：讀取與修改系統設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21147 +#: book.translate.xml:21164 msgid "To view all readable variables:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "檢視所有可讀取的變數：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21149 +#: book.translate.xml:21166 #, no-wrap msgid "% sysctl -a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21151 +#: book.translate.xml:21168 msgid "To read a particular variable, specify its name:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "要讀取特定變數只要指定其名稱：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21153 +#: book.translate.xml:21170 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% sysctl kern.maxproc\n" @@ -30659,14 +31186,16 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21156 +#: book.translate.xml:21173 msgid "" "To set a particular variable, use the variable=value syntax:" msgstr "" +"要設定特定變數可使用 variable=value 語法：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21160 +#: book.translate.xml:21177 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000\n" @@ -30674,15 +31203,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21163 +#: book.translate.xml:21180 msgid "" "Settings of sysctl variables are usually either strings, numbers, or " "booleans, where a boolean is 1 for yes or 0 for no." msgstr "" +"sysctl 的設定值通常為字串、數字或布林值，其中布林值的 1 代" +"表是，0 代表否。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21167 +#: book.translate.xml:21184 msgid "" "To automatically set some variables each time the machine boots, add them to " "/etc/sysctl.conf. For more information, refer to " @@ -30689,19 +31220,23 @@ "sysctl.conf5 and ." msgstr "" +"要在每次機器開機時自動設定一些變數可將其加入到 /etc/sysctl.conf。要取得更多的資訊請參考 sysctl.conf5 及 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21173 +#: book.translate.xml:21190 msgid "sysctl.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21175 +#: book.translate.xml:21192 msgid "sysctl.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21178 +#: book.translate.xml:21195 msgid "" "The configuration file for sysctl8, /etc/sysctl." @@ -30710,17 +31245,24 @@ "are set after the system goes into multi-user mode. Not all variables are " "settable in this mode." msgstr "" +"sysctl8 的設定檔於 /etc/sysctl.conf，內容很像 " +"/etc/rc.conf，設定數值使用 variable=value 格式。指定的數值會在系統進入多使用者模式時設定，但並非所有變數皆可在" +"此模式設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21185 +#: book.translate.xml:21202 msgid "" "For example, to turn off logging of fatal signal exits and prevent users " "from seeing processes started by other users, the following tunables can be " "set in /etc/sysctl.conf:" msgstr "" +"例如，要關閉嚴重信號 (Fatal signal) 中止的記錄並避免使用者看到其他使用者所執" +"行的程序，可加入以下設定到 /etc/sysctl.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21190 +#: book.translate.xml:21207 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Do not log fatal signal exits (e.g., sig 11)\n" @@ -30732,7 +31274,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:21200 +#: book.translate.xml:21217 msgid "" "sysctl8 Read-only" @@ -30741,15 +31283,18 @@ "manvolnum>" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21213 +#: book.translate.xml:21230 msgid "" "In some cases it may be desirable to modify read-only " "sysctl8 values, which will require a reboot of the system." msgstr "" +"在有些情況可能會需要修改唯讀的 sysctl8 數值，而這會需要重新啟" +"動系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21217 +#: book.translate.xml:21234 msgid "" "For instance, on some laptop models the " "cardbus4 device will not probe memory ranges and will fail " "with errors similar to:" msgstr "" +"例如，某些筆電型號的 cardbus4 裝置無法偵測到記憶體範" +"圍而且會失效並有類似以下的錯誤：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21221 +#: book.translate.xml:21238 #, no-wrap msgid "" "cbb0: Could not map register memory\n" @@ -30766,7 +31314,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21224 +#: book.translate.xml:21241 msgid "" "The fix requires the modification of a read-only " "sysctl8cardbus4 should work properly." msgstr "" +"這個修正需要修改唯讀的 sysctl8 設定。加入 到 /boot/loader.conf 然後重新啟動。現在 cardbus4 應可正常運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:21233 +#: book.translate.xml:21250 msgid "Tuning Disks" msgstr "調校磁碟" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21235 +#: book.translate.xml:21252 msgid "" "The following section will discuss various tuning mechanisms and options " "which may be applied to disk devices. In many cases, disks with mechanical " @@ -30798,22 +31351,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21249 +#: book.translate.xml:21266 msgid "Sysctl Variables" msgstr "Sysctl 變數" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21252 +#: book.translate.xml:21269 msgid "vfs.vmiodirenable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21254 +#: book.translate.xml:21271 msgid "vfs.vmiodirenable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21258 +#: book.translate.xml:21275 msgid "" "The vfs.vmiodirenable " "sysctl8vfs.write_behind" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21286 +#: book.translate.xml:21303 msgid "vfs.write_behind" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21290 +#: book.translate.xml:21307 msgid "" "The vfs.write_behind sysctl8 variable defaults to " @@ -30859,17 +31412,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21302 +#: book.translate.xml:21319 msgid "vfs.hirunningspace" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21304 +#: book.translate.xml:21321 msgid "vfs.hirunningspace" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21308 +#: book.translate.xml:21325 msgid "" "The vfs.hirunningspace " "sysctl8VM page cache " "related sysctl8vm.swap_idle_enabled" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21329 +#: book.translate.xml:21346 msgid "vm.swap_idle_enabled" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21333 +#: book.translate.xml:21350 msgid "" "The vm.swap_idle_enabled " "sysctl8hw.ata.wc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21356 +#: book.translate.xml:21373 msgid "hw.ata.wc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21360 +#: book.translate.xml:21377 msgid "" "Turning off IDE write caching reduces write bandwidth to " "IDE disks, but may sometimes be necessary due to data " @@ -30951,7 +31504,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21378 +#: book.translate.xml:21395 msgid "" "For more information, refer to ata4." @@ -30958,17 +31511,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21382 +#: book.translate.xml:21399 msgid "SCSI_DELAY (kern.cam.scsi_delay)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21385 +#: book.translate.xml:21402 msgid "kern.cam.scsi_delay" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21389 +#: book.translate.xml:21406 msgid "" "kernel options SCSI DELAY" @@ -30977,7 +31530,7 @@ "secondary>" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21394 +#: book.translate.xml:21411 msgid "" "The SCSI_DELAY kernel configuration option may be used to " "reduce system boot times. The defaults are fairly high and can be " @@ -30990,17 +31543,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21410 +#: book.translate.xml:21427 msgid "Soft Updates" msgstr "軟更新" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21412 +#: book.translate.xml:21429 msgid "Soft Updates" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21413 +#: book.translate.xml:21430 msgid "" "tunefs8" @@ -31007,7 +31560,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21415 +#: book.translate.xml:21432 msgid "" "To fine-tune a file system, use tunefs8. This program has many " @@ -31015,7 +31568,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21419 +#: book.translate.xml:21436 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# tunefs -n enable /filesystem\n" @@ -31023,7 +31576,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21422 +#: book.translate.xml:21439 msgid "" "A file system cannot be modified with tunefs8 while it is mounted. A " @@ -31032,7 +31585,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21426 +#: book.translate.xml:21443 msgid "" "Soft Updates is recommended for UFS file systems as it " "drastically improves meta-data performance, mainly file creation and " @@ -31047,17 +31600,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21440 +#: book.translate.xml:21457 msgid "More Details About Soft Updates" msgstr "有關軟更新的更多詳細資訊" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21442 +#: book.translate.xml:21459 msgid "Soft Updates details" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21447 +#: book.translate.xml:21464 msgid "" "Meta-data updates are updates to non-content data like inodes or " "directories. There are two traditional approaches to writing a file system's " @@ -31065,7 +31618,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21451 +#: book.translate.xml:21468 msgid "" "Historically, the default behavior was to write out meta-data updates " "synchronously. If a directory changed, the system waited until the change " @@ -31088,7 +31641,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21474 +#: book.translate.xml:21491 msgid "" "The second approach is to use asynchronous meta-data updates. This is the " "default for a UFS file system mounted with mount " @@ -31114,7 +31667,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21501 +#: book.translate.xml:21518 msgid "" "The usual solution for this problem is to implement dirty region " "logging, which is also referred to as journalingFFS, solved this " "problem with Soft Updates. All pending meta-data updates are kept in memory " @@ -31173,7 +31726,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21558 +#: book.translate.xml:21575 msgid "" "The advantage is that meta-data operations are nearly as fast as " "asynchronous updates and are faster than logging, which " @@ -31193,32 +31746,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:21580 +#: book.translate.xml:21597 msgid "Tuning Kernel Limits" msgstr "調校核心限制" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21582 +#: book.translate.xml:21599 msgid "tuning kernel limits" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21588 +#: book.translate.xml:21605 msgid "File/Process Limits" msgstr "檔案/程序限制" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21591 +#: book.translate.xml:21608 msgid "kern.maxfiles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21593 +#: book.translate.xml:21610 msgid "kern.maxfiles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21597 +#: book.translate.xml:21614 msgid "" "The kern.maxfiles sysctl8 variable can be raised " @@ -31231,7 +31784,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21605 +#: book.translate.xml:21622 msgid "" "Each open file, socket, or fifo uses one file descriptor. A large-scale " "production server may easily require many thousands of file descriptors, " @@ -31239,7 +31792,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21610 +#: book.translate.xml:21627 msgid "" "In older FreeBSD releases, the default value of kern.maxfiles is derived from in the kernel " @@ -31252,7 +31805,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21622 +#: book.translate.xml:21639 msgid "" "The read-only sysctl8 variable kern." @@ -31271,7 +31824,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: footnote/para -#: book.translate.xml:21644 +#: book.translate.xml:21661 msgid "" "The auto-tuning algorithm sets maxusers equal to the " "amount of memory in the system, with a minimum of 32, and " @@ -31279,7 +31832,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21641 +#: book.translate.xml:21658 msgid "" "In older releases, the system will auto-tune maxusers if " "it is set to 0. <_:footnote-1/>. When setting this " @@ -31302,7 +31855,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:21673 +#: book.translate.xml:21690 msgid "" "maxusers does not limit the number " "of users which can log into the machine. It instead sets various table sizes " @@ -31311,17 +31864,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21683 +#: book.translate.xml:21700 msgid "kern.ipc.soacceptqueue" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21685 +#: book.translate.xml:21702 msgid "kern.ipc.soacceptqueue" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21689 +#: book.translate.xml:21706 msgid "" "The kern.ipc.soacceptqueue " "sysctl8NMBCLUSTERS kernel configuration option dictates the " "amount of network Mbufs available to the system. A heavily-trafficked server " @@ -31365,7 +31918,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21732 +#: book.translate.xml:21749 msgid "" "The kern.ipc.nmbclusters loader tunable should be used to " "tune this at boot time. Only older versions of FreeBSD will require the use " @@ -31375,7 +31928,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21738 +#: book.translate.xml:21755 msgid "" "For busy servers that make extensive use of the " "sendfile2sendfile2net.inet.ip.portrange.*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21762 +#: book.translate.xml:21779 msgid "net.inet.ip.portrange.*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21766 +#: book.translate.xml:21783 msgid "" "The net.inet.ip.portrange.* " "sysctl8TCP Bandwidth Delay Product" msgstr "TCP 頻寬延遲乘積" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21799 +#: book.translate.xml:21816 msgid "" "TCP Bandwidth Delay Product Limiting " "net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable" @@ -31454,7 +32007,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21805 +#: book.translate.xml:21822 msgid "" "TCP bandwidth delay product limiting can be enabled by " "setting the net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable " @@ -31466,7 +32019,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21814 +#: book.translate.xml:21831 msgid "" "This feature is useful when serving data over modems, Gigabit Ethernet, high " "speed WAN links, or any other link with a high bandwidth " @@ -31486,7 +32039,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21834 +#: book.translate.xml:21851 msgid "" "Adjusting net.inet.tcp.inflight.stab is not recommended. This parameter defaults to 20, " @@ -31503,17 +32056,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21853 +#: book.translate.xml:21870 msgid "Virtual Memory" msgstr "虛擬記憶體" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21856 +#: book.translate.xml:21873 msgid "kern.maxvnodes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21858 +#: book.translate.xml:21875 msgid "" "A vnode is the internal representation of a file or directory. Increasing " "the number of vnodes available to the operating system reduces disk I/O. " @@ -31524,12 +32077,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21868 +#: book.translate.xml:21885 msgid "To see the current number of vnodes in use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21870 +#: book.translate.xml:21887 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl vfs.numvnodes\n" @@ -31537,12 +32090,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21873 +#: book.translate.xml:21890 msgid "To see the maximum vnodes:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21875 +#: book.translate.xml:21892 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl kern.maxvnodes\n" @@ -31550,7 +32103,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21878 +#: book.translate.xml:21895 msgid "" "If the current vnode usage is near the maximum, try increasing kern." "maxvnodes by a value of 1000. Keep an eye on " @@ -31562,32 +32115,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:21891 +#: book.translate.xml:21908 msgid "Adding Swap Space" msgstr "增加交換空間" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21893 +#: book.translate.xml:21910 msgid "" "Sometimes a system requires more swap space. This section describes two " "methods to increase swap space: adding swap to an existing partition or new " "hard drive, and creating a swap file on an existing partition." msgstr "" +"有時系統會需要更多的交換 (Swap) 空間，本章節會介紹兩種增加交換空間的方式：一" +"種是在既有的分割區或新的硬碟增加交換空間，另一種則是在既有的分割區中建立一個" +"交換檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21898 +#: book.translate.xml:21915 msgid "" "For information on how to encrypt swap space, which options exist, and why " "it should be done, refer to ." msgstr "" +"要取得更多有關如何加密交換空間的資訊、有那些可用的選項以及為何要做加密，可參" +"考 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21902 +#: book.translate.xml:21919 msgid "Swap on a New Hard Drive or Existing Partition" msgstr "使用新硬碟或既有分割區增加交換空間" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21904 +#: book.translate.xml:21921 msgid "" "Adding a new hard drive for swap gives better performance than using a " "partition on an existing drive. Setting up partitions and hard drives is " @@ -31595,22 +32153,25 @@ "\"configtuning-initial\"/> discusses partition layouts and swap partition " "size considerations." msgstr "" +"在新的磁碟上增加交換空間比起使用既有硬碟上的分割區會有較佳的效率。設定分割區" +"與硬碟在 中有說明，另外 會討論到分割區的配置與交換分割區大小需考量的事項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21909 +#: book.translate.xml:21926 msgid "" "Use swapon to add a swap partition to the system. For " "example:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "使用 swapon 來增加交換分割區到系統，例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21912 +#: book.translate.xml:21929 #, no-wrap msgid "# swapon /dev/ada1s1b" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:21915 +#: book.translate.xml:21932 msgid "" "It is possible to use any partition not currently mounted, even if it " "already contains data. Using swapon on a partition that " @@ -31618,22 +32179,27 @@ "partition to be added as swap is really the intended partition before " "running swapon." msgstr "" +"可以使用任何尚未掛載過、甚至已經有內含資料的分割區做為交換空間，但在含有資料" +"的分割區上使用 swapon 會覆寫並清除該分割區上所有的資料，請" +"在執行 swapon 之前確認真的要使用該分割區增加交換空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21923 +#: book.translate.xml:21940 msgid "" "To automatically add this swap partition on boot, add an entry to /" "etc/fstab:" msgstr "" +"要在開機時自動加入此交換分割區，可加入以下項目到 /etc/fstab：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21926 +#: book.translate.xml:21943 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/ada1s1b\tnone\tswap\tsw\t0\t0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21928 +#: book.translate.xml:21945 msgid "" "See fstab5 for an explanation of the entries in /" @@ -31641,21 +32207,28 @@ "be found in swapon8." msgstr "" +"請參考 fstab5 來取得在 /etc/fstab 中項目的說" +"明。更多有關 swapon 的資訊 可以在 " +"swapon8 找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21935 +#: book.translate.xml:21952 msgid "Creating a Swap File" msgstr "建立交換檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21937 +#: book.translate.xml:21954 msgid "" "These examples create a 64M swap file called /usr/swap0 " "instead of using a partition." msgstr "" +"以下例子會建立一個 64M 的交換檔於 /usr/swap0 來替代使用" +"分割區建立交換空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21941 +#: book.translate.xml:21958 msgid "" "Using swap files requires that the module needed by " "md4 for information " "about building a custom kernel." msgstr "" +"使用交換檔開啟交換空間前需要在核心編譯或載入 " +"md4 所需的模組，請參考 了解有關編" +"譯自訂核心的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:21948 +#: book.translate.xml:21965 msgid "" "Creating a Swap File on FreeBSD 10.X and Later" msgstr "建立交換檔於 FreeBSD 10.X 及以後版本" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21953 +#: book.translate.xml:21970 msgid "Create the swap file:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "建立交換檔：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21955 book.translate.xml:21993 +#: book.translate.xml:21972 book.translate.xml:22010 #, no-wrap msgid "# dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1m count=64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21959 +#: book.translate.xml:21976 msgid "Set the proper permissions on the new file:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "在新檔案設定適當的權限：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21961 book.translate.xml:22000 +#: book.translate.xml:21978 book.translate.xml:22017 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 0600 /usr/swap0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21965 +#: book.translate.xml:21982 msgid "" "Inform the system about the swap file by adding a line to /etc/" "fstab:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "加入行到 /etc/fstab 以讓系統知道交換檔的資訊：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21968 +#: book.translate.xml:21985 #, no-wrap msgid "md99\tnone\tswap\tsw,file=/usr/swap0,late\t0\t0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21970 +#: book.translate.xml:21987 msgid "" "The md4 device md99 is used, leaving lower device " "numbers available for interactive use." msgstr "" +"已使用 md4 裝置的 md99，保留較低的裝置編" +"號供互動操作時使用。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21976 +#: book.translate.xml:21993 msgid "" "Swap space will be added on system startup. To add swap space immediately, " "use swapon8:" msgstr "" +"交換空間會於系統啟動時增加。若要立即增加交換空間，請參考 " +"swapon8：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21979 +#: book.translate.xml:21996 #, no-wrap msgid "# swapon -aL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:21985 +#: book.translate.xml:22002 msgid "" "Creating a Swap File on FreeBSD 9.X and Earlier" msgstr "建立交換檔於 FreeBSD 9.X 及先前版本" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21990 +#: book.translate.xml:22007 msgid "Create the swap file, /usr/swap0:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "建立交換檔 /usr/swap0：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21997 +#: book.translate.xml:22014 msgid "Set the proper permissions on /usr/swap0:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "設定適當的權限於 /usr/swap0：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:22004 +#: book.translate.xml:22021 msgid "Enable the swap file in /etc/rc.conf:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟交換檔：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:22007 +#: book.translate.xml:22024 #, no-wrap msgid "swapfile=\"/usr/swap0\" # Set to name of swap file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:22011 +#: book.translate.xml:22028 msgid "" "Swap space will be added on system startup. To enable the swap file " "immediately, specify a free memory device. Refer to for more information about memory devices." msgstr "" +"交換空間會於系統啟動時增加。若要立即增加交換空間，可指定一個未使用的記憶體裝" +"置。請參考 取得更多有關記憶體裝置的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22016 +#: book.translate.xml:22033 #, no-wrap msgid "# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /usr/swap0 -u 0 && swapon /dev/md0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:22025 +#: book.translate.xml:22042 msgid "Power and Resource Management" msgstr "電源與資源管理" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:22028 +#: book.translate.xml:22045 msgid "" " Hiten Pandya Written by " @@ -31781,7 +32366,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:22036 book.translate.xml:22516 +#: book.translate.xml:22053 book.translate.xml:22533 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes " @@ -31788,7 +32373,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22045 +#: book.translate.xml:22062 msgid "" "It is important to utilize hardware resources in an efficient manner. Power " "and resource management allows the operating system to monitor system limits " @@ -31807,7 +32392,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22064 +#: book.translate.xml:22081 msgid "" "There are four major problems in APM. First, power " "management is done by the vendor-specific BIOS, separate " @@ -31829,7 +32414,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22086 +#: book.translate.xml:22103 msgid "" "The Plug and Play BIOS (PNPBIOS) was " "unreliable in many situations. PNPBIOS is 16-bit " @@ -31842,17 +32427,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22096 +#: book.translate.xml:22113 msgid "ACPI" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22100 +#: book.translate.xml:22117 msgid "APM" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22104 +#: book.translate.xml:22121 msgid "" "The successor to APM is the Advanced Configuration and " "Power Interface (ACPI). ACPI is a " @@ -31864,7 +32449,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22113 +#: book.translate.xml:22130 msgid "" "This chapter demonstrates how to configure ACPI on " "FreeBSD. It then offers some tips on how to debug ACPI " @@ -31873,12 +32458,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22120 +#: book.translate.xml:22137 msgid "Configuring ACPI" msgstr "設定 ACPI" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22122 +#: book.translate.xml:22139 msgid "" "In FreeBSD the acpi4 driver is loaded by " @@ -31892,7 +32477,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:22134 +#: book.translate.xml:22151 msgid "" "ACPI and APM cannot coexist and should " "be used separately. The last one to load will terminate if the driver " @@ -31900,7 +32485,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22140 +#: book.translate.xml:22157 msgid "" "ACPI can be used to put the system into a sleep mode with " "acpiconf, the flag, and a number from " @@ -31912,7 +32497,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22150 +#: book.translate.xml:22167 msgid "" "Other options are available using sysctl. Refer to " "acpi4ACPI" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22162 +#: book.translate.xml:22179 msgid "" "ACPI is present in all modern computers that conform to " "the ia32 (x86), ia64 (Itanium), and amd64 (AMD) " @@ -31945,7 +32530,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22174 +#: book.translate.xml:22191 msgid "" "An ACPI-compliant system has various components. The " "BIOS and chipset vendors provide various fixed tables, " @@ -31957,7 +32542,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22184 +#: book.translate.xml:22201 msgid "" "The ACPI driver must parse the fixed tables, implement an " "interpreter for the bytecode, and modify device drivers and the kernel to " @@ -31973,12 +32558,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22197 book.translate.xml:22525 book.translate.xml:22580 +#: book.translate.xml:22214 book.translate.xml:22542 book.translate.xml:22597 msgid "ACPI problems" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22202 +#: book.translate.xml:22219 msgid "" "For ACPI to work correctly, all the parts have to work " "correctly. Here are some common problems, in order of frequency of " @@ -31988,12 +32573,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22210 +#: book.translate.xml:22227 msgid "Mouse Issues" msgstr "滑鼠問題" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22212 +#: book.translate.xml:22229 msgid "" "In some cases, resuming from a suspend operation will cause the mouse to " "fail. A known work around is to add hint.psm.0.flags=\"0x3000\"ACPI has three suspend to RAM " "(STR) states, S1-S3sysctl hw.acpi to check for the suspend-related " "items. These example results are from a Thinkpad:" @@ -32027,7 +32612,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22238 +#: book.translate.xml:22255 #, no-wrap msgid "" "hw.acpi.supported_sleep_state: S3 S4 S5\n" @@ -32035,7 +32620,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22241 +#: book.translate.xml:22258 msgid "" "Use acpiconf -s to test S3, " "S4, and S5. An " @@ -32044,7 +32629,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22248 +#: book.translate.xml:22265 msgid "" "When testing suspend/resume, start with S1, if supported. " "This state is most likely to work since it does not require much driver " @@ -32055,7 +32640,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22257 +#: book.translate.xml:22274 msgid "" "A common problem with suspend/resume is that many device drivers do not " "save, restore, or reinitialize their firmware, registers, or device memory " @@ -32063,7 +32648,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22262 +#: book.translate.xml:22279 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl debug.bootverbose=1\n" @@ -32072,7 +32657,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22266 +#: book.translate.xml:22283 msgid "" "This test emulates the suspend/resume cycle of all device drivers without " "actually going into S3 state. In some cases, problems " @@ -32084,7 +32669,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22276 +#: book.translate.xml:22293 msgid "" "Harder cases require additional hardware, such as a serial port and cable " "for debugging through a serial console, a Firewire port and cable for using " @@ -32093,7 +32678,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22281 +#: book.translate.xml:22298 msgid "" "To help isolate the problem, unload as many drivers as possible. If it " "works, narrow down which driver is the problem by loading drivers until it " @@ -32108,7 +32693,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22297 +#: book.translate.xml:22314 msgid "" "Try loading a recent Linux " "distribution to see if suspend/resume works on the same hardware. If it " @@ -32125,7 +32710,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22309 +#: book.translate.xml:22326 msgid "" "Finally, try disabling ACPI and enabling APM instead. If suspend/resume works with APM, stick " @@ -32136,12 +32721,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22320 +#: book.translate.xml:22337 msgid "System Hangs" msgstr "系統無回應" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22322 +#: book.translate.xml:22339 msgid "" "Most system hangs are a result of lost interrupts or an interrupt storm. " "Chipsets may have problems based on boot, how the BIOS " @@ -32151,12 +32736,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22329 +#: book.translate.xml:22346 msgid "interrupt storms" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22333 +#: book.translate.xml:22350 msgid "" "Interrupt storms can be distinguished from lost interrupts by checking the " "output of vmstat -i and looking at the line that has " @@ -32168,12 +32753,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22346 +#: book.translate.xml:22363 msgid "APIC disabling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22351 +#: book.translate.xml:22368 msgid "" "When dealing with interrupt problems, try disabling APIC " "support with hint.apic.0.disabled=\"1\" in /" @@ -32181,12 +32766,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22358 +#: book.translate.xml:22375 msgid "Panics" msgstr "當機" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22360 +#: book.translate.xml:22377 msgid "" "Panics are relatively rare for ACPI and are the top " "priority to be fixed. The first step is to isolate the steps to reproduce " @@ -32199,7 +32784,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22371 +#: book.translate.xml:22388 msgid "" "Then, try to isolate the problem by booting with ACPI " "disabled. If that works, isolate the ACPI subsystem by " @@ -32209,12 +32794,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22379 +#: book.translate.xml:22396 msgid "System Powers Up After Suspend or Shutdown" msgstr "系統在待機或關機後仍開機" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22381 +#: book.translate.xml:22398 msgid "" "First, try setting hw.acpi.disable_on_poweroff=\"0\" in " "/boot/loader.conf. This keeps ACPI " @@ -32225,13 +32810,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22392 +#: book.translate.xml:22409 msgid "BIOS Contains Buggy Bytecode" msgstr "BIOS 含有有問題的 Bytecode" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22394 book.translate.xml:22425 +#: book.translate.xml:22411 book.translate.xml:22442 msgid "" "ACPI ASL" @@ -32238,7 +32823,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22399 +#: book.translate.xml:22416 msgid "" "Some BIOS vendors provide incorrect or buggy bytecode. " "This is usually manifested by kernel console messages like this:" @@ -32245,7 +32830,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22403 +#: book.translate.xml:22420 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ACPI-1287: *** Error: Method execution failed [\\\\_SB_.PCI0.LPC0.FIGD._STA] \\\\\n" @@ -32253,7 +32838,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22406 +#: book.translate.xml:22423 msgid "" "Often, these problems may be resolved by updating the BIOS to the latest revision. Most console messages are harmless, but if " @@ -32262,12 +32847,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22416 +#: book.translate.xml:22433 msgid "Overriding the Default AML" msgstr "覆蓋預設的 AML" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22418 +#: book.translate.xml:22435 msgid "" "The BIOS bytecode, known as ACPI " "Machine Language (AML), is compiled from a source " @@ -32277,7 +32862,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22430 +#: book.translate.xml:22447 msgid "" "The goal of FreeBSD is for everyone to have working ACPI " "without any user intervention. Workarounds are still being developed for " @@ -32294,7 +32879,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22445 +#: book.translate.xml:22462 msgid "" "To help identify buggy behavior and possibly fix it manually, a copy can be " "made of the system's ASL. To copy the system's " @@ -32304,13 +32889,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22453 +#: book.translate.xml:22470 #, no-wrap msgid "# acpidump -td > my.asl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22455 +#: book.translate.xml:22472 msgid "" "Some AML versions assume the user is running Windows. To override this, set hw." @@ -32321,7 +32906,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22462 +#: book.translate.xml:22479 msgid "" "Other workarounds may require my.asl to be customized. " "If this file is edited, compile the new ASL using the " @@ -32330,13 +32915,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22468 +#: book.translate.xml:22485 #, no-wrap msgid "# iasl -f my.asl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22470 +#: book.translate.xml:22487 msgid "" "Including forces creation of the AML, " "even if there are errors during compilation. Some errors, such as missing " @@ -32345,7 +32930,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22476 +#: book.translate.xml:22493 msgid "" "The default output filename for iasl is DSDT." "aml. Load this file instead of the BIOS's " @@ -32354,7 +32939,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:22482 +#: book.translate.xml:22499 #, no-wrap msgid "" "acpi_dsdt_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -32362,7 +32947,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22485 +#: book.translate.xml:22502 msgid "" "Be sure to copy DSDT.aml to /boot, " "then reboot the system. If this fixes the problem, send a " @@ -32374,12 +32959,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:22495 +#: book.translate.xml:22512 msgid "Getting and Submitting Debugging Info" msgstr "取得與回報除錯資訊" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:22498 +#: book.translate.xml:22515 msgid "" " Nate Lawson Written by " @@ -32386,7 +32971,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:22508 +#: book.translate.xml:22525 msgid "" " Peter Schultz With contributions from " @@ -32393,12 +32978,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22530 +#: book.translate.xml:22547 msgid "ACPI debugging" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22535 +#: book.translate.xml:22552 msgid "" "The ACPI driver has a flexible debugging facility. A set " "of subsystems and the level of verbosity can be specified. The subsystems to " @@ -32416,7 +33001,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22551 +#: book.translate.xml:22568 msgid "" "Debugging output is not enabled by default. To enable it, add " "options ACPI_DEBUG to the custom kernel configuration " @@ -32427,13 +33012,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22559 +#: book.translate.xml:22576 #, no-wrap msgid "# cd /sys/modules/acpi/acpi && make clean && make ACPI_DEBUG=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22561 +#: book.translate.xml:22578 msgid "" "Copy the compiled acpi.ko to /boot/kernel and add the desired level and layer to /boot/loader." @@ -32443,7 +33028,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:22568 +#: book.translate.xml:22585 #, no-wrap msgid "" "debug.acpi.layer=\"ACPI_ALL_COMPONENTS ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS\"\n" @@ -32451,7 +33036,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22571 +#: book.translate.xml:22588 msgid "" "If the required information is triggered by a specific event, such as a " "suspend and then resume, do not modify /boot/loader.conffreebsd-" @@ -32472,7 +33057,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:22591 +#: book.translate.xml:22608 msgid "" "Before submitting debugging information to this mailing list, ensure the " "latest BIOS version is installed and, if available, the " @@ -32480,12 +33065,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22597 +#: book.translate.xml:22614 msgid "When submitting a problem report, include the following information:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22602 +#: book.translate.xml:22619 msgid "" "Description of the buggy behavior, including system type, model, and " "anything that causes the bug to appear. Note as accurately as possible when " @@ -32493,7 +33078,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22609 +#: book.translate.xml:22626 msgid "" "The output of dmesg after running boot -v, including any error messages generated by the bug." @@ -32500,7 +33085,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22615 +#: book.translate.xml:22632 msgid "" "The dmesg output from boot -v with " "ACPI disabled, if disabling ACPI helps " @@ -32508,7 +33093,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22622 +#: book.translate.xml:22639 msgid "" "Output from sysctl hw.acpi. This lists which features the " "system offers." @@ -32515,7 +33100,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22627 +#: book.translate.xml:22644 msgid "" "The URL to a pasted version of the system's ASL. Do not send the ASL " @@ -32524,13 +33109,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22634 +#: book.translate.xml:22651 #, no-wrap msgid "# acpidump -dt > name-system.asl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22636 +#: book.translate.xml:22653 msgid "" "Substitute the login name for name and " "manufacturer/model for system. For example, use " @@ -32538,7 +33123,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22643 +#: book.translate.xml:22660 msgid "" "Most FreeBSD developers watch the FreeBSD-CURRENT mailing list, " @@ -32556,7 +33141,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22657 +#: book.translate.xml:22674 msgid "" "More information about ACPI may be found in the following " "locations:" @@ -32563,7 +33148,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22662 +#: book.translate.xml:22679 msgid "" "The FreeBSD ACPI Mailing List Archives (http://lists.freebsd." @@ -32571,7 +33156,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22667 +#: book.translate.xml:22684 msgid "" "The ACPI 2.0 Specification (http://acpi.info/spec.htm)" @@ -32578,7 +33163,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22671 +#: book.translate.xml:22688 msgid "" "acpi4, acpi_thermalbooting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22694 +#: book.translate.xml:22711 msgid "bootstrap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22696 +#: book.translate.xml:22713 msgid "" "The process of starting a computer and loading the operating system is " "referred to as the bootstrap process, or booting。這些事會發生在開機訊息的文字顏色會從亮白變成灰色之間。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22712 +#: book.translate.xml:22729 msgid "After reading this chapter, you will recognize:" msgstr "在閱讀本章之後，您會了解：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22716 +#: book.translate.xml:22733 msgid "The components of the FreeBSD bootstrap system and how they interact." msgstr "FreeBSD 開機系統的元件以及它們如何互動。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22721 +#: book.translate.xml:22738 msgid "" "The options that can be passed to the components in the FreeBSD bootstrap in " "order to control the boot process." @@ -32654,17 +33239,17 @@ msgstr "FreeBSD 開機程式中各元件可使用的選項，用來控制開機程序。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22726 +#: book.translate.xml:22743 msgid "How to configure a customized boot splash screen." msgstr "如何設定自訂的開機啟動畫面 (Splash screen)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22730 +#: book.translate.xml:22747 msgid "The basics of setting device hints." msgstr "設定 Device Hints 的基礎。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22734 +#: book.translate.xml:22751 msgid "" "How to boot into single- and multi-user mode and how to properly shut down a " "FreeBSD system." @@ -32671,7 +33256,7 @@ msgstr "如何開機進入單人及多人模式以及如何正確關閉 FreeBSD 系統。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:22740 +#: book.translate.xml:22757 msgid "" "This chapter only describes the boot process for FreeBSD running on x86 and " "amd64 systems." @@ -32678,12 +33263,12 @@ msgstr "本章僅說明 FreeBSD 在 x86 及 amd64 系統上執行的開機流程。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:22746 +#: book.translate.xml:22763 msgid "FreeBSD Boot Process" msgstr "FreeBSD 開機程序" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22748 +#: book.translate.xml:22765 msgid "" "Turning on a computer and starting the operating system poses an interesting " "dilemma. By definition, the computer does not know how to do anything until " @@ -32694,7 +33279,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22756 +#: book.translate.xml:22773 msgid "" "This problem parallels one in the book The Adventures of Baron " "Munchausen. A character had fallen part way down a manhole, and " @@ -32705,12 +33290,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22764 +#: book.translate.xml:22781 msgid "BIOS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22766 +#: book.translate.xml:22783 msgid "" "Basic Input/Output SystemBIOS" @@ -32717,7 +33302,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22769 +#: book.translate.xml:22786 msgid "" "On x86 hardware, the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is " "responsible for loading the operating system. The BIOS " @@ -32730,7 +33315,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:22781 +#: book.translate.xml:22798 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides for booting from both the older MBR " "standard, and the newer GUID Partition Table (GPT). " @@ -32745,23 +33330,23 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22792 book.translate.xml:22848 +#: book.translate.xml:22809 book.translate.xml:22865 msgid "Master Boot Record (MBR)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22795 book.translate.xml:22846 +#: book.translate.xml:22812 book.translate.xml:22863 msgid "Boot Manager" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22797 +#: book.translate.xml:22814 msgid "Boot Loader" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22799 +#: book.translate.xml:22816 msgid "" "The code within the MBR is typically referred to as a " "boot manager, especially when it interacts with the " @@ -32774,7 +33359,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22809 +#: book.translate.xml:22826 msgid "" "If only one operating system is installed, the MBR " "searches for the first bootable (active) slice on the disk, and then runs " @@ -32785,7 +33370,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22817 +#: book.translate.xml:22834 msgid "" "The remainder of the FreeBSD bootstrap system is divided into three stages. " "The first stage knows just enough to get the computer into a specific state " @@ -32798,13 +33383,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22828 +#: book.translate.xml:22845 msgid "kernel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22829 book.translate.xml:23155 +#: book.translate.xml:22846 book.translate.xml:23172 msgid "" "init8" @@ -32811,7 +33396,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22831 +#: book.translate.xml:22848 msgid "" "The kernel is then started and begins to probe for devices and initialize " "them for use. Once the kernel boot process is finished, the kernel passes " @@ -32824,7 +33409,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22840 +#: book.translate.xml:22857 msgid "" "This section describes these stages in more detail and demonstrates how to " "interact with the FreeBSD boot process." @@ -32831,12 +33416,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22844 +#: book.translate.xml:22861 msgid "The Boot Manager" msgstr "開機管理程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22851 +#: book.translate.xml:22868 msgid "" "The boot manager code in the MBR is sometimes referred to " "as stage zero of the boot process. By default, FreeBSD " @@ -32844,7 +33429,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22856 +#: book.translate.xml:22873 msgid "" "The MBR installed by the FreeBSD installer is based on " "/boot/boot0. The size and capability of " @@ -32856,12 +33441,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:22866 +#: book.translate.xml:22883 msgid "boot0 Screenshot" msgstr "boot0 螢幕截圖" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22868 +#: book.translate.xml:22885 #, no-wrap msgid "" "F1 Win\n" @@ -32871,7 +33456,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22874 +#: book.translate.xml:22891 msgid "" "Other operating systems will overwrite an existing MBR if " "they are installed after FreeBSD. If this happens, or to replace the " @@ -32880,13 +33465,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22880 +#: book.translate.xml:22897 #, no-wrap msgid "# fdisk -B -b /boot/boot0 device" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22882 +#: book.translate.xml:22899 msgid "" "where device is the boot disk, such as " "ad0 for the first IDE disk, " @@ -32898,12 +33483,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22893 +#: book.translate.xml:22910 msgid "Stage One and Stage Two" msgstr "階段一與階段二" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22895 +#: book.translate.xml:22912 msgid "" "Conceptually, the first and second stages are part of the same program on " "the same area of the disk. Because of space constraints, they have been " @@ -32913,7 +33498,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22902 +#: book.translate.xml:22919 msgid "" "These two stages are located outside file systems, in the first track of the " "boot slice, starting with the first sector. This is where " @@ -32922,7 +33507,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22908 +#: book.translate.xml:22925 msgid "" "The first stage, boot1, is very simple, since it can " "only be 512 bytes in size. It knows just enough about the FreeBSD " @@ -32931,7 +33516,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22914 +#: book.translate.xml:22931 msgid "" "Stage two, boot2, is slightly more sophisticated, and " "understands the FreeBSD file system enough to find files. It can provide a " @@ -32942,13 +33527,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:22924 +#: book.translate.xml:22941 msgid "boot2 Screenshot" msgstr "boot2 螢幕截圖" #. (itstool) path: example/screen #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22926 book.translate.xml:48530 +#: book.translate.xml:22943 book.translate.xml:48526 #, no-wrap msgid "" ">> FreeBSD/i386 BOOT\n" @@ -32957,7 +33542,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22931 +#: book.translate.xml:22948 msgid "" "To replace the installed boot1 and boot2, use bsdlabel, where diskslice# bsdlabel -B diskslice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:22940 +#: book.translate.xml:22957 msgid "" "If just the disk name is used, such as ad0, " "bsdlabel will create the disk in dangerously " @@ -32982,17 +33567,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22951 +#: book.translate.xml:22968 msgid "Stage Three" msgstr "階段三" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22953 +#: book.translate.xml:22970 msgid "boot-loader" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22955 +#: book.translate.xml:22972 msgid "" "The loader is the final stage of the three-stage " "bootstrap process. It is located on the file system, usually as /" @@ -33000,7 +33585,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22960 +#: book.translate.xml:22977 msgid "" "The loader is intended as an interactive method " "for configuration, using a built-in command set, backed up by a more " @@ -33008,7 +33593,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22965 +#: book.translate.xml:22982 msgid "" "During initialization, loader will probe for a " "console and for disks, and figure out which disk it is booting from. It will " @@ -33017,17 +33602,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22971 +#: book.translate.xml:22988 msgid "loader" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22972 +#: book.translate.xml:22989 msgid "loader configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22974 +#: book.translate.xml:22991 msgid "" "The loader will then read /boot/loader." "rc, which by default reads in /boot/defaults/loader." @@ -33038,7 +33623,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22983 +#: book.translate.xml:23000 msgid "" "Finally, by default, loader issues a 10 second " "wait for key presses, and boots the kernel if it is not interrupted. If " @@ -33052,17 +33637,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:22994 +#: book.translate.xml:23011 msgid "Loader Built-In Commands" msgstr "載入程式內建指令" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23006 +#: book.translate.xml:23023 msgid "autoboot seconds" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23008 +#: book.translate.xml:23025 msgid "" "Proceeds to boot the kernel if not interrupted within the time span given, " "in seconds. It displays a countdown, and the default time span is 10 seconds." @@ -33069,7 +33654,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23015 +#: book.translate.xml:23032 msgid "" "boot -options " "kernelname" @@ -33076,7 +33661,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23018 +#: book.translate.xml:23035 msgid "" "Immediately proceeds to boot the kernel, with any specified options or " "kernel name. Providing a kernel name on the command-line is only applicable " @@ -33087,12 +33672,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23030 +#: book.translate.xml:23047 msgid "boot-conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23031 +#: book.translate.xml:23048 msgid "" "Goes through the same automatic configuration of modules based on specified " "variables, most commonly kernel. This only makes sense if " @@ -33100,12 +33685,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23039 +#: book.translate.xml:23056 msgid "help topic" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23041 +#: book.translate.xml:23058 msgid "" "Shows help messages read from /boot/loader.help. If the " "topic given is index, the list of available topics is " @@ -33113,12 +33698,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23048 +#: book.translate.xml:23065 msgid "include filename …" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23050 +#: book.translate.xml:23067 msgid "" "Reads the specified file and interprets it line by line. An error " "immediately stops the include." @@ -33125,7 +33710,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23056 +#: book.translate.xml:23073 msgid "" "load -t type " "filename" @@ -33132,7 +33717,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23059 +#: book.translate.xml:23076 msgid "" "Loads the kernel, kernel module, or file of the type given, with the " "specified filename. Any arguments after filename " @@ -33142,7 +33727,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23070 +#: book.translate.xml:23087 msgid "" "ls -l path" @@ -33149,7 +33734,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23072 +#: book.translate.xml:23089 msgid "" "Displays a listing of files in the given path, or the root directory, if the " "path is not specified. If is specified, file sizes will " @@ -33157,12 +33742,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23079 +#: book.translate.xml:23096 msgid "lsdev -v" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23080 +#: book.translate.xml:23097 msgid "" "Lists all of the devices from which it may be possible to load modules. If " " is specified, more details are printed." @@ -33169,12 +33754,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23086 +#: book.translate.xml:23103 msgid "lsmod -v" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23087 +#: book.translate.xml:23104 msgid "" "Displays loaded modules. If is specified, more details " "are shown." @@ -33181,12 +33766,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23092 +#: book.translate.xml:23109 msgid "more filename" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23093 +#: book.translate.xml:23110 msgid "" "Displays the files specified, with a pause at each LINES " "displayed." @@ -33193,17 +33778,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23098 +#: book.translate.xml:23115 msgid "reboot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23099 +#: book.translate.xml:23116 msgid "Immediately reboots the system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23103 +#: book.translate.xml:23120 msgid "" "set variable, set variable=value" @@ -33210,17 +33795,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23105 +#: book.translate.xml:23122 msgid "Sets the specified environment variables." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23109 +#: book.translate.xml:23126 msgid "unload" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23110 +#: book.translate.xml:23127 msgid "Removes all loaded modules." msgstr "" @@ -33227,12 +33812,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23118 book.translate.xml:23228 book.translate.xml:45360 +#: book.translate.xml:23135 book.translate.xml:23245 book.translate.xml:45356 msgid "single-user mode" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23116 +#: book.translate.xml:23133 msgid "" "Here are some practical examples of loader usage. To boot the usual kernel " "in single-user mode <_:indexterm-1/>:" @@ -33239,13 +33824,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23121 +#: book.translate.xml:23138 #, no-wrap msgid "boot -s" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23123 +#: book.translate.xml:23140 msgid "" "To unload the usual kernel and modules and then load the previous or " "another, specified kernel:" @@ -33252,7 +33837,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23126 +#: book.translate.xml:23143 #, no-wrap msgid "" "unload\n" @@ -33260,7 +33845,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23129 +#: book.translate.xml:23146 msgid "" "Use kernel.GENERIC to refer to the default kernel that " "comes with an installation, or kernel.old, to refer to " @@ -33269,12 +33854,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23135 +#: book.translate.xml:23152 msgid "Use the following to load the usual modules with another kernel:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23138 +#: book.translate.xml:23155 #, no-wrap msgid "" "unload\n" @@ -33283,28 +33868,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23142 +#: book.translate.xml:23159 msgid "To load an automated kernel configuration script:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23144 +#: book.translate.xml:23161 #, no-wrap msgid "load -t userconfig_script /boot/kernel.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23146 +#: book.translate.xml:23163 msgid "kernel boot interaction" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23153 +#: book.translate.xml:23170 msgid "Last Stage" msgstr "最終階段" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23159 +#: book.translate.xml:23176 msgid "" "Once the kernel is loaded by either loader or by " "boot2, which bypasses loaderkernel bootflags" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:23173 +#: book.translate.xml:23190 msgid "Kernel Interaction During Boot" msgstr "開機時核心互動參數" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23186 +#: book.translate.xml:23203 msgid "" "During kernel initialization, ask for the device to mount as the root file " "system." @@ -33333,32 +33918,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23191 +#: book.translate.xml:23208 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23192 +#: book.translate.xml:23209 msgid "Boot the root file system from a CDROM." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23197 +#: book.translate.xml:23214 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23198 +#: book.translate.xml:23215 msgid "Boot into single-user mode." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23203 +#: book.translate.xml:23220 msgid "Be more verbose during kernel startup." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23209 +#: book.translate.xml:23226 msgid "" "Once the kernel has finished booting, it passes control to the user process " "init8UFS file system is not, and " @@ -33379,12 +33964,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:23226 +#: book.translate.xml:23243 msgid "Single-User Mode" msgstr "單使用者模式" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23231 +#: book.translate.xml:23248 msgid "" "A user can specify this mode by booting with or by " "setting the boot_single variable in loaderEnter, the system will enter the " "default Bourne shell. To specify a different shell, input the full path to " @@ -33407,7 +33992,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23244 +#: book.translate.xml:23261 msgid "" "Single-user mode is usually used to repair a system that will not boot due " "to an inconsistent file system or an error in a boot configuration file. It " @@ -33418,7 +34003,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23253 +#: book.translate.xml:23270 msgid "" "While single-user mode is useful for repairing a system, it poses a security " "risk unless the system is in a physically secure location. By default, any " @@ -33427,7 +34012,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23259 +#: book.translate.xml:23276 msgid "" "If the system console is changed to insecure in /etc/ttys, the system will first prompt for " @@ -33438,12 +34023,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:23269 +#: book.translate.xml:23286 msgid "Configuring an Insecure Console in /etc/ttys" msgstr "在 /etc/ttys 設定不安全的 Console" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23272 +#: book.translate.xml:23289 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# name getty type status comments\n" @@ -33454,7 +34039,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23279 +#: book.translate.xml:23296 msgid "" "An insecure console means that physical security to the " "console is considered to be insecure, so only someone who knows the " @@ -33463,17 +34048,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:23286 +#: book.translate.xml:23303 msgid "Multi-User Mode" msgstr "多使用者模式" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23288 +#: book.translate.xml:23305 msgid "multi-user mode" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23290 +#: book.translate.xml:23307 msgid "" "If init finds the file systems to be in order, or " "once the user has finished their commands in single-user mode and has typed " @@ -33482,12 +34067,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23297 +#: book.translate.xml:23314 msgid "rc files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23299 +#: book.translate.xml:23316 msgid "" "The resource configuration system reads in configuration defaults from " "/etc/defaults/rc.conf and system-specific details from " @@ -33498,7 +34083,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23308 +#: book.translate.xml:23325 msgid "" "To learn more about the resource configuration system, refer to " "rc8 Joseph J. Barbish Contributed by " @@ -33519,7 +34104,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23336 +#: book.translate.xml:23353 msgid "" "Typically when a FreeBSD system boots, it displays its progress as a series " "of messages at the console. A boot splash screen creates an alternate boot " @@ -33531,7 +34116,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23346 +#: book.translate.xml:23363 msgid "" "There are two basic environments available in FreeBSD. The first is the " "default legacy virtual console command line environment. After the system " @@ -33542,7 +34127,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23354 +#: book.translate.xml:23371 msgid "" "Once the system has booted, the splash screen defaults to being a screen " "saver. After a time period of non-use, the splash screen will display and " @@ -33557,7 +34142,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23365 +#: book.translate.xml:23382 msgid "" "Sample splash screen files can be downloaded from the gallery at http://artwork.freebsdgr.org." "bmp), ZSoft PCX (.pcx), " @@ -33583,7 +34168,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23386 +#: book.translate.xml:23403 #, no-wrap msgid "" "splash_bmp_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -33592,12 +34177,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23390 +#: book.translate.xml:23407 msgid "To use a PCX file instead of a bitmap file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23393 +#: book.translate.xml:23410 #, no-wrap msgid "" "splash_pcx_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -33606,7 +34191,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23397 +#: book.translate.xml:23414 msgid "" "To instead use ASCII art in the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheDraw format:" @@ -33613,7 +34198,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23400 +#: book.translate.xml:23417 #, no-wrap msgid "" "splash_txt=\"YES\"\n" @@ -33622,7 +34207,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23404 +#: book.translate.xml:23421 msgid "" "To use larger images that fill the whole display screen, up to the maximum " "resolution of 1024 by 768 pixels, the VESA module must " @@ -33634,23 +34219,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23414 +#: book.translate.xml:23431 #, no-wrap msgid "vesa_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23416 +#: book.translate.xml:23433 msgid "Other interesting loader.conf options include:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:23420 +#: book.translate.xml:23437 msgid "beastie_disable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23423 +#: book.translate.xml:23440 msgid "" "This will stop the boot options menu from being displayed, but the timed " "wait count down prompt will still be present. Even with the display of the " @@ -33659,12 +34244,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:23432 +#: book.translate.xml:23449 msgid "loader_logo=\"beastie\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23435 +#: book.translate.xml:23452 msgid "" "This will replace the default words FreeBSD, which are " "displayed to the right of the boot options menu, with the colored beastie " @@ -33672,7 +34257,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23443 +#: book.translate.xml:23460 msgid "" "For more information, refer to splash4, " @@ -33682,17 +34267,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:23449 +#: book.translate.xml:23466 msgid "Device Hints" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23462 +#: book.translate.xml:23479 msgid "device.hints" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23466 +#: book.translate.xml:23483 msgid "" "During initial system startup, the boot loader8 reads . Variables can be added " @@ -33715,7 +34300,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23481 +#: book.translate.xml:23498 msgid "" "Once the system is booted, kenv1 can be used to dump " @@ -33723,7 +34308,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23484 +#: book.translate.xml:23501 msgid "" "The syntax for /boot/device.hints is one variable per " "line, using the hash # as comment markers. Lines are " @@ -33731,24 +34316,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23489 +#: book.translate.xml:23506 #, no-wrap msgid "hint.driver.unit.keyword=\"value\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23491 +#: book.translate.xml:23508 msgid "The syntax for the Stage 3 boot loader is:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23493 +#: book.translate.xml:23510 #, no-wrap msgid "set hint.driver.unit.keyword=value" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23495 +#: book.translate.xml:23512 msgid "" "where driver is the device driver name, unit is the device driver unit number, and keyword is " @@ -33756,13 +34341,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23502 +#: book.translate.xml:23519 msgid "" "at: specifies the bus which the device is attached to." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23507 +#: book.translate.xml:23524 msgid "" "port: specifies the start address of the I/O to be used." @@ -33769,18 +34354,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23512 +#: book.translate.xml:23529 msgid "" "irq: specifies the interrupt request number to be used." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23517 +#: book.translate.xml:23534 msgid "drq: specifies the DMA channel number." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23522 +#: book.translate.xml:23539 msgid "" "maddr: specifies the physical memory address occupied by " "the device." @@ -33787,12 +34372,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23527 +#: book.translate.xml:23544 msgid "flags: sets various flag bits for the device." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23532 +#: book.translate.xml:23549 msgid "" "disabled: if set to 1 the device is " "disabled." @@ -33799,7 +34384,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23537 +#: book.translate.xml:23554 msgid "" "Since device drivers may accept or require more hints not listed here, " "viewing a driver's manual page is recommended. For more information, refer " @@ -33813,12 +34398,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:23544 +#: book.translate.xml:23561 msgid "Shutdown Sequence" msgstr "關機程序" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23546 +#: book.translate.xml:23563 msgid "" "shutdown8" @@ -33825,7 +34410,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23550 +#: book.translate.xml:23567 msgid "" "Upon controlled shutdown using shutdown8, " @@ -33837,7 +34422,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23557 +#: book.translate.xml:23574 msgid "" "To power down a FreeBSD machine on architectures and systems that support " "power management, use shutdown -p now to turn the power " @@ -33854,13 +34439,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23569 +#: book.translate.xml:23586 msgid "" "Modify group membership by referring to ." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:23573 +#: book.translate.xml:23590 msgid "" "Power management requires acpi4 to be loaded as a " @@ -33869,12 +34454,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: info/title #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:23588 book.translate.xml:56532 +#: book.translate.xml:23605 book.translate.xml:56528 msgid "Security" msgstr "安全性" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:23591 +#: book.translate.xml:23608 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes Rewritten by " @@ -33881,12 +34466,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23601 +#: book.translate.xml:23618 msgid "security" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23606 +#: book.translate.xml:23623 msgid "" "Security, whether physical or virtual, is a topic so broad that an entire " "industry has evolved around it. Hundreds of standard practices have been " @@ -33897,7 +34482,7 @@ "來搛寫如何確保系統與網路的安全性。身為 FreeBSD 必須了解如何避免攻擊與入侵。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23612 +#: book.translate.xml:23629 msgid "" "In this chapter, several fundamentals and techniques will be discussed. The " "FreeBSD system comes with multiple layers of security, and many more third " @@ -33907,22 +34492,22 @@ "方工具可以用來增加安全性。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23621 +#: book.translate.xml:23638 msgid "Basic FreeBSD system security concepts." msgstr "基礎 FreeBSD 系統安全概念。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23625 +#: book.translate.xml:23642 msgid "The various crypt mechanisms available in FreeBSD." msgstr "FreeBSD 中的幾種加密 (Crypt) 機制。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23629 +#: book.translate.xml:23646 msgid "How to set up one-time password authentication." msgstr "如何設定一次性密碼認證。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23633 +#: book.translate.xml:23650 msgid "" "How to configure TCP Wrapper for use with " "inetd8 中的 TCP Wrapper。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23638 +#: book.translate.xml:23655 msgid "How to set up Kerberos on FreeBSD." msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 設定 Kerberos。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23643 +#: book.translate.xml:23660 msgid "" "How to configure IPsec and create a VPN." @@ -33944,17 +34529,17 @@ msgstr "如何設定 IPsec 並且建立 VPN。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23648 +#: book.translate.xml:23665 msgid "How to configure and use OpenSSH on FreeBSD." msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 設定並使用 OpenSSH" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23653 +#: book.translate.xml:23670 msgid "How to use file system ACLs." msgstr "如何使用檔案系統 ACL。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23657 +#: book.translate.xml:23674 msgid "" "How to use pkg to audit third party software " "packages installed from the Ports Collection." @@ -33963,17 +34548,17 @@ "套件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23663 +#: book.translate.xml:23680 msgid "How to utilize FreeBSD security advisories." msgstr "如何利用 FreeBSD 安全報告。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23667 +#: book.translate.xml:23684 msgid "What Process Accounting is and how to enable it on FreeBSD." msgstr "什麼是程序追蹤 (Process Accounting) 以及如何在 FreeBSD 開啟。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23672 +#: book.translate.xml:23689 msgid "" "How to control user resources using login classes or the resource limits " "database." @@ -33980,12 +34565,12 @@ msgstr "如何使用登入類別或資源限制資料庫控制使用者資源。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23681 book.translate.xml:58080 +#: book.translate.xml:23698 book.translate.xml:58079 msgid "Understand basic FreeBSD and Internet concepts." msgstr "了解 FreeBSD 基礎及網路概念。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23685 +#: book.translate.xml:23702 msgid "" "Additional security topics are covered elsewhere in this Handbook. For " "example, Mandatory Access Control is discussed in " @@ -33996,7 +34581,7 @@ "linkend=\"firewalls\"/> 討論。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23694 +#: book.translate.xml:23711 msgid "" "Security is everyone's responsibility. A weak entry point in any system " "could allow intruders to gain access to critical information and cause havoc " @@ -34006,7 +34591,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23702 +#: book.translate.xml:23719 msgid "" "The CIA triad is a bedrock concept of computer security " "as customers and users expect their data to be protected. For example, a " @@ -34017,7 +34602,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23710 +#: book.translate.xml:23727 msgid "" "To provide CIA, security professionals apply a defense in " "depth strategy. The idea of defense in depth is to add several layers of " @@ -34030,7 +34615,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23721 +#: book.translate.xml:23738 msgid "" "What is a threat as it pertains to computer security? Threats are not " "limited to remote attackers who attempt to access a system without " @@ -34040,7 +34625,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23728 +#: book.translate.xml:23745 msgid "" "Systems and networks can be accessed without permission, sometimes by " "accident, or by remote attackers, and in some cases, via corporate espionage " @@ -34051,7 +34636,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23736 +#: book.translate.xml:23753 msgid "" "When applying security to systems, it is recommended to start by securing " "the basic accounts and system configuration, and then to secure the network " @@ -34065,7 +34650,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23748 +#: book.translate.xml:23765 msgid "" "The rest of this introduction describes how some of these basic security " "configurations are performed on a FreeBSD system. The rest of this chapter " @@ -34074,12 +34659,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23755 +#: book.translate.xml:23772 msgid "Preventing Logins" msgstr "防止登入" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23757 +#: book.translate.xml:23774 msgid "" "In securing a system, a good starting point is an audit of accounts. Ensure " "that root has a strong password " @@ -34088,7 +34673,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23762 +#: book.translate.xml:23779 msgid "" "To deny login access to accounts, two methods exist. The first is to lock " "the account. This example locks the toor# pw lock toor" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23768 +#: book.translate.xml:23785 msgid "" "The second method is to prevent login access by changing the shell to " "/sbin/nologin. Only the superuser can change the shell " @@ -34110,13 +34695,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23772 +#: book.translate.xml:23789 #, no-wrap msgid "# chsh -s /usr/sbin/nologin toor" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23774 +#: book.translate.xml:23791 msgid "" "The /usr/sbin/nologin shell prevents the system from " "assigning a shell to the user when they attempt to login." @@ -34123,12 +34708,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23780 +#: book.translate.xml:23797 msgid "Permitted Account Escalation" msgstr "帳號升級授權" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23782 +#: book.translate.xml:23799 msgid "" "In some cases, system administration needs to be shared with other users. " "FreeBSD has two methods to handle this. The first one, which is not " @@ -34144,7 +34729,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23796 +#: book.translate.xml:23813 msgid "" "The second, and recommended, method to permit privilege escalation is to " "install the security/sudo package or port. This software " @@ -34153,7 +34738,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23803 +#: book.translate.xml:23820 msgid "" "After installation, use visudo to edit /usr/" "local/etc/sudoers. This example creates a new # pw groupadd webadmin -M trhodes -g 6000\n" @@ -34172,12 +34757,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23816 +#: book.translate.xml:23833 msgid "Password Hashes" msgstr "密碼編碼方式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23818 +#: book.translate.xml:23835 msgid "" "Passwords are a necessary evil of technology. When they must be used, they " "should be complex and a powerful hash mechanism should be used to encrypt " @@ -34190,7 +34775,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:23830 +#: book.translate.xml:23847 msgid "" "Blowfish is not part of AES and is not considered " "compliant with any Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS# grep dru /etc/master.passwd\n" @@ -34222,7 +34807,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23855 +#: book.translate.xml:23872 msgid "" "The hash mechanism is set in the user's login class. For this example, the " "user is in the default login class and the hash algorithm " @@ -34230,25 +34815,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23860 +#: book.translate.xml:23877 #, no-wrap msgid " :passwd_format=sha512:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23862 +#: book.translate.xml:23879 msgid "" "To change the algorithm to Blowfish, modify that line to look like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23865 +#: book.translate.xml:23882 #, no-wrap msgid " :passwd_format=blf:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23867 +#: book.translate.xml:23884 msgid "" "Then run cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf as described in . Note that this change will not affect any " @@ -34258,7 +34843,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23874 +#: book.translate.xml:23891 msgid "" "For remote logins, two-factor authentication should be used. An example of " "two-factor authentication is something you have, such as a " @@ -34272,12 +34857,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23888 +#: book.translate.xml:23905 msgid "Password Policy Enforcement" msgstr "強制密碼政策" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23890 +#: book.translate.xml:23907 msgid "" "Enforcing a strong password policy for local accounts is a fundamental " "aspect of system security. In FreeBSD, password length, password strength, " @@ -34286,7 +34871,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23896 +#: book.translate.xml:23913 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to configure the minimum and maximum password " "length and the enforcement of mixed characters using the " @@ -34295,7 +34880,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23902 +#: book.translate.xml:23919 msgid "" "To configure this module, become the superuser and uncomment the line " "containing pam_passwdqc.so in /etc/pam.d/" @@ -34303,13 +34888,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23908 +#: book.translate.xml:23925 #, no-wrap msgid "password requisite pam_passwdqc.so min=disabled,disabled,disabled,12,10 similar=deny retry=3 enforce=users" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23910 +#: book.translate.xml:23927 msgid "" "This example sets several requirements for new passwords. The min setting controls the minimum password length. It has five values " @@ -34328,7 +34913,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23927 +#: book.translate.xml:23944 msgid "" "The similar setting denies passwords that are similar to " "the user's previous password. The retry setting provides " @@ -34336,7 +34921,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23932 +#: book.translate.xml:23949 msgid "" "Once this file is saved, a user changing their password will see a message " "similar to the following:" @@ -34343,7 +34928,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23935 +#: book.translate.xml:23952 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% passwd\n" @@ -34363,7 +34948,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23950 +#: book.translate.xml:23967 msgid "" "If a password that does not match the policy is entered, it will be rejected " "with a warning and the user will have an opportunity to try again, up to the " @@ -34371,7 +34956,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23955 +#: book.translate.xml:23972 msgid "" "Most password policies require passwords to expire after so many days. To " "set a password age time in FreeBSD, set for " @@ -34380,13 +34965,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23962 +#: book.translate.xml:23979 #, no-wrap msgid "# :passwordtime=90d:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23964 +#: book.translate.xml:23981 msgid "" "So, to set an expiry of 90 days for this login class, remove the comment " "symbol (#), save the edit, and run cap_mkdb /etc/" @@ -34394,7 +34979,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23969 +#: book.translate.xml:23986 msgid "" "To set the expiration on individual users, pass an expiration date or the " "number of days to expiry and a username to pw:" @@ -34401,13 +34986,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23973 +#: book.translate.xml:23990 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw usermod -p 30-apr-2015 -n trhodes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23975 +#: book.translate.xml:23992 msgid "" "As seen here, an expiration date is set in the form of day, month, and year. " "For more information, see pwrootkit is any unauthorized software that attempts " "to gain root access to a system. " @@ -34433,7 +35018,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23993 +#: book.translate.xml:24010 msgid "" "A rootkit does do one thing usefulfor administrators: once detected, it is a " "sign that a compromise happened at some point. But, these types of " @@ -34442,7 +35027,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23999 +#: book.translate.xml:24016 msgid "" "After installation of this package or port, the system may be checked using " "the following command. It will produce a lot of information and will require " @@ -34450,13 +35035,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24004 +#: book.translate.xml:24021 #, no-wrap msgid "# rkhunter -c" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24006 +#: book.translate.xml:24023 msgid "" "After the process completes, a status message will be printed to the screen. " "This message will include the amount of files checked, suspect files, " @@ -34468,7 +35053,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24016 +#: book.translate.xml:24033 msgid "" "Every administrator should know what is running on the systems they are " "responsible for. Third-party tools like rkhunter " @@ -34480,12 +35065,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24028 +#: book.translate.xml:24045 msgid "Binary Verification" msgstr "Binary 檢驗" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24030 +#: book.translate.xml:24047 msgid "" "Verification of system files and binaries is important because it provides " "the system administration and security teams information about system " @@ -34494,7 +35079,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24036 +#: book.translate.xml:24053 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides native support for a basic IDS system. " "While the nightly security emails will notify an administrator of changes, " @@ -34507,7 +35092,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24047 +#: book.translate.xml:24064 msgid "" "The built-in mtree utility can be used to generate a " "specification of the contents of a directory. A seed, or a numeric constant, " @@ -34523,7 +35108,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24060 +#: book.translate.xml:24077 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mtree -s 3483151339707503 -c -K cksum,sha256digest -p /bin > /root/.bin_chksum_mtree\n" @@ -34531,7 +35116,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24063 +#: book.translate.xml:24080 msgid "" "The 3483151339707503 represents the seed. This " "value should be remembered, but not shared." @@ -34538,7 +35123,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24067 +#: book.translate.xml:24084 msgid "" "Viewing /root/.bin_cksum_mtree should yield output " "similar to the following:" @@ -34545,7 +35130,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24070 +#: book.translate.xml:24087 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# user: root\n" @@ -34571,7 +35156,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24091 +#: book.translate.xml:24108 msgid "" "The machine's hostname, the date and time the specification was created, and " "the name of the user who created the specification are included in this " @@ -34580,7 +35165,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24097 +#: book.translate.xml:24114 msgid "" "To verify that the binary signatures have not changed, compare the current " "contents of the directory to the previously generated specification, and " @@ -34589,7 +35174,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24103 +#: book.translate.xml:24120 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mtree -s 3483151339707503 -p /bin < /root/.bin_chksum_mtree >> /root/.bin_chksum_output\n" @@ -34597,7 +35182,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24106 +#: book.translate.xml:24123 msgid "" "This should produce the same checksum for /bin that was " "produced when the specification was created. If no changes have occurred to " @@ -34608,7 +35193,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24115 +#: book.translate.xml:24132 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# touch /bin/cat\n" @@ -34619,7 +35204,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24121 +#: book.translate.xml:24138 msgid "" "It is recommended to create specifications for the directories which contain " "binaries and configuration files, as well as any directories containing " @@ -34630,7 +35215,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24131 +#: book.translate.xml:24148 msgid "" "More advanced IDS systems exist, such as " "security/aide. In most cases, mtree " @@ -34642,12 +35227,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24141 +#: book.translate.xml:24158 msgid "System Tuning for Security" msgstr "系統安全性調校" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24143 +#: book.translate.xml:24160 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, many system features can be tuned using sysctl. A few of the security features which can be tuned to prevent " @@ -34658,7 +35243,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:24153 +#: book.translate.xml:24170 msgid "" "Any time a setting is changed with sysctl, the chance to " "cause undesired harm is increased, affecting the availability of the system. " @@ -34667,7 +35252,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24161 +#: book.translate.xml:24178 msgid "" "By default, the FreeBSD kernel boots with a security level of -1. This is called insecure mode because immutable file " @@ -34685,7 +35270,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:24177 +#: book.translate.xml:24194 msgid "" "Increasing the securelevel can break Xorg and cause other issues. Be prepared to do some debugging." @@ -34692,7 +35277,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24182 +#: book.translate.xml:24199 msgid "" "The net.inet.tcp.blackhole and net.inet.udp." "blackhole settings can be used to drop incoming SYNnet.inet.icmp.drop_redirect and net.inet.ip." "redirect settings help prevent against redirect " @@ -34720,7 +35305,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24207 +#: book.translate.xml:24224 msgid "" "Source routing is a method for detecting and accessing non-routable " "addresses on the internal network. This should be disabled as non-routable " @@ -34730,17 +35315,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24215 +#: book.translate.xml:24232 msgid "" "When a machine on the network needs to send messages to all hosts on a " "subnet, an ICMP echo request message is sent to the " "broadcast address. However, there is no reason for an external host to " "perform such an action. To reject all external broadcast requests, set " -"net.inet.icmp.bmcastecho to 0." +"net.inet.icmp.bmcastecho to 0." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24223 +#: book.translate.xml:24240 msgid "" "Some additional settings are documented in " "security7one-time passwords" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24232 +#: book.translate.xml:24249 msgid "security one-time passwords" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24237 +#: book.translate.xml:24254 msgid "" "By default, FreeBSD includes support for One-time Passwords In Everything " "(OPIE). OPIE is designed to prevent " @@ -34776,7 +35361,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24248 +#: book.translate.xml:24265 msgid "" "OPIE uses three different types of passwords. The first " "is the usual UNIX or Kerberos " @@ -34788,7 +35373,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24256 +#: book.translate.xml:24273 msgid "" "There are two other pieces of data that are important to OPIE. One is the seed or key, consisting " @@ -34808,7 +35393,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24275 +#: book.translate.xml:24292 msgid "" "There are a few programs involved in this process. A one-time password, or a " "consecutive list of one-time passwords, is generated by passing an iteration " @@ -34825,7 +35410,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24285 +#: book.translate.xml:24302 msgid "" "This section describes four different sorts of operations. The first is how " "to set up one-time-passwords for the first time over a secure connection. " @@ -34836,12 +35421,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24294 +#: book.translate.xml:24311 msgid "Initializing OPIE" msgstr "初始化 OPIE" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24296 +#: book.translate.xml:24313 msgid "" "To initialize OPIE for the first time, run this command " "from a secure location:" @@ -34848,7 +35433,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24299 +#: book.translate.xml:24316 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% opiepasswd -c\n" @@ -34865,7 +35450,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24311 +#: book.translate.xml:24328 msgid "" "The sets console mode which assumes that the command is " "being run from a secure location, such as a computer under the user's " @@ -34874,7 +35459,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24317 +#: book.translate.xml:24334 msgid "" "When prompted, enter the secret password which will be used to generate the " "one-time login keys. This password should be difficult to guess and should " @@ -34884,7 +35469,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24324 +#: book.translate.xml:24341 msgid "" "The ID line lists the login name (unfurl), default iteration count (499), and default " @@ -34896,12 +35481,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24336 +#: book.translate.xml:24353 msgid "Insecure Connection Initialization" msgstr "不安全連線初始化" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24338 +#: book.translate.xml:24355 msgid "" "To initialize or change the secret password on an insecure system, a secure " "connection is needed to some place where opiekey can be " @@ -34913,7 +35498,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24347 +#: book.translate.xml:24364 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% opiepasswd\n" @@ -34932,7 +35517,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24361 +#: book.translate.xml:24378 msgid "" "To accept the default seed, press Return. Before entering " "an access password, move over to the secure connection and give it the same " @@ -34940,7 +35525,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24365 book.translate.xml:24413 +#: book.translate.xml:24382 book.translate.xml:24430 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% opiekey 498 to4268\n" @@ -34951,7 +35536,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24371 +#: book.translate.xml:24388 msgid "" "Switch back over to the insecure connection, and copy the generated one-time " "password over to the relevant program." @@ -34958,12 +35543,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24377 +#: book.translate.xml:24394 msgid "Generating a Single One-time Password" msgstr "產生單組一次性密碼" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24379 +#: book.translate.xml:24396 msgid "" "After initializing OPIE and logging in, a prompt like " "this will be displayed:" @@ -34970,7 +35555,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24382 +#: book.translate.xml:24399 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% telnet example.com\n" @@ -34986,7 +35571,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24393 +#: book.translate.xml:24410 msgid "" "The OPIE prompts provides a useful feature. If " "Return is pressed at the password prompt, the prompt will " @@ -34995,22 +35580,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24399 +#: book.translate.xml:24416 msgid "MS-DOS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24400 +#: book.translate.xml:24417 msgid "Windows" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24401 +#: book.translate.xml:24418 msgid "MacOS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24403 +#: book.translate.xml:24420 msgid "" "At this point, generate the one-time password to answer this login prompt. " "This must be done on a trusted system where it is safe to run " @@ -35023,22 +35608,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24411 +#: book.translate.xml:24428 msgid "On the trusted system:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24419 +#: book.translate.xml:24436 msgid "Once the one-time password is generated, continue to log in." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24424 +#: book.translate.xml:24441 msgid "Generating Multiple One-time Passwords" msgstr "產生多組一次性密碼" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24426 +#: book.translate.xml:24443 msgid "" "Sometimes there is no access to a trusted machine or secure connection. In " "this case, it is possible to use opiekey% opiekey -n 5 30 zz99999\n" @@ -35062,7 +35647,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24441 +#: book.translate.xml:24458 msgid "" "The requests five keys in sequence, and , where daemon is the daemon which " @@ -35214,7 +35799,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24542 +#: book.translate.xml:24559 msgid "" "For example, to allow POP3 connections via the " "mail/qpopper daemon, the following lines should be " @@ -35222,7 +35807,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24547 +#: book.translate.xml:24564 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# This line is required for POP3 connections:\n" @@ -35230,23 +35815,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24550 +#: book.translate.xml:24567 msgid "Whenever this file is edited, restart inetd:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24553 book.translate.xml:34217 +#: book.translate.xml:24570 book.translate.xml:34234 #, no-wrap msgid "# service inetd restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24557 book.translate.xml:49349 +#: book.translate.xml:24574 book.translate.xml:49345 msgid "Advanced Configuration" msgstr "進階設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24559 +#: book.translate.xml:24576 msgid "" "TCP Wrapper provides advanced options to allow " "more control over the way connections are handled. In some cases, it may be " @@ -35259,7 +35844,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24569 +#: book.translate.xml:24586 msgid "" "Suppose that a situation occurs where a connection should be denied yet a " "reason should be sent to the host who attempted to establish that " @@ -35269,7 +35854,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24577 +#: book.translate.xml:24594 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# The rest of the daemons are protected.\n" @@ -35279,7 +35864,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24582 +#: book.translate.xml:24599 msgid "" "In this example, the message You are not allowed to use " "daemon name from hostnamespawn. Like implicitly denies the connection and may be " @@ -35309,7 +35894,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24606 +#: book.translate.xml:24623 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# We do not allow connections from example.com:\n" @@ -35320,7 +35905,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24612 +#: book.translate.xml:24629 msgid "" "This will deny all connection attempts from *.example.com and log the hostname, IP " @@ -35332,7 +35917,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24620 +#: book.translate.xml:24637 msgid "" "To match every instance of a daemon, domain, or IP " "address, use ALL. Another wildcard is PARANOIDPARANOID wildcard will result in denied " "connections if the client or server has a broken DNS " @@ -35360,7 +35945,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24639 +#: book.translate.xml:24656 msgid "" "To learn more about wildcards and their associated functionality, refer to " "hosts_access5hosts.allow." @@ -35375,12 +35960,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:24652 +#: book.translate.xml:24669 msgid "Kerberos" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:24655 +#: book.translate.xml:24672 msgid "" " Tillman Hodgson Contributed by " @@ -35387,7 +35972,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:24665 +#: book.translate.xml:24682 msgid "" " Mark Murray Based on a contribution by " @@ -35394,7 +35979,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24675 +#: book.translate.xml:24692 msgid "" "Kerberos is a network authentication protocol " "which was originally created by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology " @@ -35409,7 +35994,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24689 +#: book.translate.xml:24706 msgid "" "The only function of Kerberos is to provide the " "secure authentication of users and servers on the network. It does not " @@ -35419,7 +36004,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24696 +#: book.translate.xml:24713 msgid "" "The current version of the protocol is version 5, described in RFC 4120. Several free implementations of this protocol are available, " @@ -35438,7 +36023,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24715 +#: book.translate.xml:24732 msgid "" "In Kerberos users and services are identified as " "principals which are contained within an administrative " @@ -35448,7 +36033,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24723 +#: book.translate.xml:24740 msgid "" "This section provides a guide on how to set up Kerberos using the Heimdal distribution included in FreeBSD." @@ -35455,7 +36040,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24727 +#: book.translate.xml:24744 msgid "" "For purposes of demonstrating a Kerberos " "installation, the name spaces will be as follows:" @@ -35462,7 +36047,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:24733 +#: book.translate.xml:24750 msgid "" "The DNS domain (zone) will be example.org." @@ -35469,7 +36054,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:24738 +#: book.translate.xml:24755 msgid "" "The Kerberos realm will be EXAMPLE.ORG." @@ -35476,7 +36061,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:24744 +#: book.translate.xml:24761 msgid "" "Use real domain names when setting up Kerberos, " "even if it will run internally. This avoids DNS problems " @@ -35485,18 +36070,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24752 +#: book.translate.xml:24769 msgid "Setting up a Heimdal KDC" msgstr "設定 Heimdal KDC" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24754 +#: book.translate.xml:24771 msgid "" "Kerberos5 Key Distribution Center" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24759 +#: book.translate.xml:24776 msgid "" "The Key Distribution Center (KDC) is the centralized " "authentication service that Kerberos provides, " @@ -35509,7 +36094,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24771 +#: book.translate.xml:24788 msgid "" "While running a KDC requires few computing resources, a " "dedicated machine acting only as a KDC is recommended for " @@ -35517,7 +36102,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24776 +#: book.translate.xml:24793 msgid "" "To begin setting up a KDC, add these lines to /" "etc/rc.conf:" @@ -35524,7 +36109,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24779 +#: book.translate.xml:24796 #, no-wrap msgid "" "kdc_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -35532,12 +36117,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24782 +#: book.translate.xml:24799 msgid "Next, edit /etc/krb5.conf as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24785 +#: book.translate.xml:24802 #, no-wrap msgid "" "[libdefaults]\n" @@ -35552,7 +36137,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24795 +#: book.translate.xml:24812 msgid "" "In this example, the KDC will use the fully-qualified " "hostname kerberos.example.orgKerberos can also use the DNS " "to locate KDCs, instead of a [realms] section in " @@ -35570,7 +36155,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24807 +#: book.translate.xml:24824 #, no-wrap msgid "" "[libdefaults]\n" @@ -35580,7 +36165,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24812 +#: book.translate.xml:24829 msgid "" "With the following lines being included in the example.org zone file:" @@ -35587,7 +36172,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24816 +#: book.translate.xml:24833 #, no-wrap msgid "" "_kerberos._udp IN SRV 01 00 88 kerberos.example.org.\n" @@ -35598,7 +36183,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:24823 +#: book.translate.xml:24840 msgid "" "In order for clients to be able to find the Kerberos services, they must have either a fully " @@ -35608,7 +36193,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24832 +#: book.translate.xml:24849 msgid "" "Next, create the Kerberos database which contains " "the keys of all principals (users and hosts) encrypted with a master " @@ -35619,7 +36204,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24841 +#: book.translate.xml:24858 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kstash\n" @@ -35628,7 +36213,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24845 +#: book.translate.xml:24862 msgid "" "Once the master key has been created, the database should be initialized. " "The Kerberos administrative tool " @@ -35643,7 +36228,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24856 +#: book.translate.xml:24873 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kadmin -l\n" @@ -35652,7 +36237,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24860 +#: book.translate.xml:24877 msgid "" "Lastly, while still in kadmin, create the first principal " "using add. Stick to the default options for the principal " @@ -35661,7 +36246,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24867 +#: book.translate.xml:24884 #, no-wrap msgid "" "kadmin> add tillman\n" @@ -35673,7 +36258,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24874 +#: book.translate.xml:24891 msgid "" "Next, start the KDC services by running service " "kdc start and service kadmind start. While " @@ -35683,7 +36268,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24882 +#: book.translate.xml:24899 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% kinit tillman\n" @@ -35691,7 +36276,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24885 +#: book.translate.xml:24902 msgid "" "Confirm that a ticket was successfully obtained using klist:" @@ -35698,7 +36283,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24888 +#: book.translate.xml:24905 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% klist\n" @@ -35710,28 +36295,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24895 +#: book.translate.xml:24912 msgid "The temporary ticket can be destroyed when the test is finished:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24898 +#: book.translate.xml:24915 #, no-wrap msgid "% kdestroy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24902 +#: book.translate.xml:24919 msgid "Configuring a Server to Use Kerberos" msgstr "設定伺服器使用 Kerberos" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24905 +#: book.translate.xml:24922 msgid "Kerberos5 enabling services" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24910 +#: book.translate.xml:24927 msgid "" "The first step in configuring a server to use Kerberos authentication is to ensure that it has the correct " @@ -35741,7 +36326,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24917 +#: book.translate.xml:24934 msgid "" "Next, create /etc/krb5.keytab on the server. This is " "the main part of Kerberizing a service — it corresponds to " @@ -35764,7 +36349,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24940 +#: book.translate.xml:24957 msgid "" "Of course, kadmin is a kerberized service; a " "Kerberos ticket is needed to authenticate to the " @@ -35784,7 +36369,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24957 +#: book.translate.xml:24974 msgid "" "After installing /etc/krb5.conf, use add --" "random-key in kadmin. This adds the server's " @@ -35794,7 +36379,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24965 +#: book.translate.xml:24982 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kadmin\n" @@ -35809,7 +36394,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24975 +#: book.translate.xml:24992 msgid "" "Note that ext_keytab stores the extracted key in " "/etc/krb5.keytab by default. This is good when being " @@ -35819,7 +36404,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24983 +#: book.translate.xml:25000 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kadmin\n" @@ -35828,7 +36413,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24987 +#: book.translate.xml:25004 msgid "" "The keytab can then be securely copied to the server using " "scp1KDC using its shared key, stored in krb5.keytab. " @@ -35850,13 +36435,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25003 +#: book.translate.xml:25020 #, no-wrap msgid "GSSAPIAuthentication yes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25005 +#: book.translate.xml:25022 msgid "" "After making this change, sshd8 must be restared for " @@ -35865,17 +36450,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25011 +#: book.translate.xml:25028 msgid "Configuring a Client to Use Kerberos" msgstr "設定客戶端使用 Kerberos" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25014 +#: book.translate.xml:25031 msgid "Kerberos5 configure clients" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25019 +#: book.translate.xml:25036 msgid "" "As it was for the server, the client requires configuration in /" "etc/krb5.conf. Copy the file in place (securely) or re-enter it " @@ -35883,7 +36468,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25023 +#: book.translate.xml:25040 msgid "" "Test the client by using kinit, klist, " "and kdestroy from the client to obtain, show, and then " @@ -35899,7 +36484,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25037 +#: book.translate.xml:25054 msgid "" "When testing a Kerberized application, try using a packet sniffer such as " "tcpdump to confirm that no sensitive information is sent " @@ -35907,7 +36492,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25041 +#: book.translate.xml:25058 msgid "" "Various Kerberos client applications are " "available. With the advent of a bridge so that applications using " @@ -35918,17 +36503,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25049 +#: book.translate.xml:25066 msgid ".k5login" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25053 +#: book.translate.xml:25070 msgid ".k5users" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25057 +#: book.translate.xml:25074 msgid "" "Users within a realm typically have their Kerberos principal mapped to a local user account. Occasionally, one " @@ -35941,7 +36526,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25066 +#: book.translate.xml:25083 msgid "" "The .k5login and .k5users files, " "placed in a user's home directory, can be used to solve this problem. For " @@ -35952,7 +36537,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25074 +#: book.translate.xml:25091 #, no-wrap msgid "" "tillman@example.org\n" @@ -35960,7 +36545,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25077 +#: book.translate.xml:25094 msgid "" "Refer to ksu1 for more information about .k5usersMIT Differences" msgstr "與 MIT 的差異" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25084 +#: book.translate.xml:25101 msgid "" "The major difference between the MIT and Heimdal " "implementations is that kadmin has a different, but " @@ -35984,7 +36569,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25092 +#: book.translate.xml:25109 msgid "" "Client applications may also use slightly different command line options to " "accomplish the same tasks. Following the instructions at KDC on FreeBSD, the " "following edits should also be made to rc.conf:" @@ -36003,7 +36588,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25106 +#: book.translate.xml:25123 #, no-wrap msgid "" "kerberos5_server=\"/usr/local/sbin/krb5kdc\"\n" @@ -36014,12 +36599,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25114 +#: book.translate.xml:25131 msgid "Kerberos Tips, Tricks, and Troubleshooting" msgstr "Kerberos 提示、技巧與疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25117 +#: book.translate.xml:25134 msgid "" "When configuring and troubleshooting Kerberos, " "keep the following points in mind:" @@ -36026,7 +36611,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25123 +#: book.translate.xml:25140 msgid "" "When using either Heimdal or MIT Kerberos from ports, ensure that the PATH lists the " @@ -36034,7 +36619,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25130 +#: book.translate.xml:25147 msgid "" "If all the computers in the realm do not have synchronized time settings, " "authentication may fail. describes how to " @@ -36042,7 +36627,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25137 +#: book.translate.xml:25154 msgid "" "If the hostname is changed, the host/ principal must be changed and the keytab updated. This also " @@ -36052,7 +36637,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25144 +#: book.translate.xml:25161 msgid "" "All hosts in the realm must be both forward and reverse resolvable in " "DNS or, at a minimum, exist in /etc/hostsKDC do " "not set the permissions for ksu to be setuid MIT Kerberos, to allow a " "principal to have a ticket life longer than the default lifetime of ten " @@ -36086,7 +36671,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25178 +#: book.translate.xml:25195 msgid "" "When running a packet sniffer on the KDC to aid in " "troubleshooting while running kinit from a workstation, " @@ -36108,7 +36693,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25205 +#: book.translate.xml:25222 msgid "" "Host principals can have a longer ticket lifetime. If the user principal has " "a lifetime of a week but the host being connected to has a lifetime of nine " @@ -36117,7 +36702,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25213 +#: book.translate.xml:25230 msgid "" "When setting up krb5.dict to prevent specific bad " "passwords from being used as described in " @@ -36129,12 +36714,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25227 +#: book.translate.xml:25244 msgid "Mitigating Kerberos Limitations" msgstr "減輕 Kerberos 的限制" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25230 +#: book.translate.xml:25247 msgid "" "Kerberos5 limitations and shortcomings" @@ -36141,7 +36726,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25235 +#: book.translate.xml:25252 msgid "" "Since Kerberos is an all or nothing approach, " "every service enabled on the network must either be modified to work with " @@ -36153,7 +36738,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25245 +#: book.translate.xml:25262 msgid "" "The KDC is a single point of failure. By design, the " "KDC must be as secure as its master password database. " @@ -36164,7 +36749,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25254 +#: book.translate.xml:25271 msgid "" "A compromised master key is not quite as bad as one might fear. The master " "key is only used to encrypt the Kerberos database " @@ -36174,7 +36759,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25261 +#: book.translate.xml:25278 msgid "" "If the KDC is unavailable, network services are unusable " "as authentication cannot be performed. This can be alleviated with a single " @@ -36184,7 +36769,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25268 +#: book.translate.xml:25285 msgid "" "Kerberos allows users, hosts and services to " "authenticate between themselves. It does not have a mechanism to " @@ -36195,17 +36780,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25279 +#: book.translate.xml:25296 msgid "Resources and Further Information" msgstr "相關資源與延伸資訊" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25281 +#: book.translate.xml:25298 msgid "Kerberos5 external resources" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25288 +#: book.translate.xml:25305 msgid "" " The Kerberos FAQ" @@ -36212,7 +36797,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25294 +#: book.translate.xml:25311 msgid "" "Designing " "an Authentication System: a Dialog in Four Scenes" @@ -36219,7 +36804,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25300 +#: book.translate.xml:25317 msgid "" "RFC " "4120, The Kerberos Network Authentication Service " @@ -36227,7 +36812,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25306 +#: book.translate.xml:25323 msgid "" "MIT " "Kerberos home page" @@ -36234,7 +36819,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25312 +#: book.translate.xml:25329 msgid "" "Heimdal " "Kerberos home page" @@ -36241,17 +36826,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:25322 +#: book.translate.xml:25339 msgid "OpenSSL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25330 +#: book.translate.xml:25347 msgid "security OpenSSL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25335 +#: book.translate.xml:25352 msgid "" "OpenSSL is an open source implementation of the " "SSL and TLS protocols. It provides an " @@ -36260,7 +36845,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25342 +#: book.translate.xml:25359 msgid "" "The version of OpenSSL included in FreeBSD " "supports the Secure Sockets Layer v2/v3 (SSLv2/SSLv3) and Transport Layer " @@ -36269,7 +36854,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25348 +#: book.translate.xml:25365 msgid "" "OpenSSL is often used to encrypt authentication " "of mail clients and to secure web based transactions such as credit card " @@ -36279,7 +36864,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25356 +#: book.translate.xml:25373 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides two versions of OpenSSL: one in " "the base system and one in the Ports Collection. Users can choose which " @@ -36287,7 +36872,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25363 +#: book.translate.xml:25380 msgid "" "WITH_OPENSSL_PORT: when set, the port will use OpenSSL from the security/openssl port, even if the " @@ -36295,7 +36880,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25370 +#: book.translate.xml:25387 msgid "" "WITH_OPENSSL_BASE: when set, the port will compile against " "OpenSSL provided by the base system." @@ -36302,7 +36887,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25376 +#: book.translate.xml:25393 msgid "" "Another common use of OpenSSL is to provide " "certificates for use with software applications. Certificates can be used to " @@ -36317,7 +36902,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25389 +#: book.translate.xml:25406 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to create and use certificates on a FreeBSD " "system. Refer to for an example of how to " @@ -36325,7 +36910,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25394 +#: book.translate.xml:25411 msgid "" "For more information about SSL, read the free OpenSSL " @@ -36333,18 +36918,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25399 +#: book.translate.xml:25416 msgid "Generating Certificates" msgstr "產生憑証" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25401 +#: book.translate.xml:25418 msgid "" "OpenSSL certificate generation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25406 +#: book.translate.xml:25423 msgid "" "To generate a certificate that will be signed by an external CA, issue the following command and input the information requested at " @@ -36357,7 +36942,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25416 +#: book.translate.xml:25433 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# openssl req -new -nodes -out req.pem -keyout cert.key -sha256 -newkey rsa:2048\n" @@ -36388,7 +36973,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25442 +#: book.translate.xml:25459 msgid "" "Other options, such as the expire time and alternate encryption algorithms, " "are available when creating a certificate. A complete list of options is " @@ -36397,7 +36982,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25447 +#: book.translate.xml:25464 msgid "" "This command will create two files in the current directory. The certificate " "request, req.pem, can be sent to a CACA is not required, a " "self-signed certificate can be created. First, generate the RSA# openssl genrsa -rand -genkey -out cert.key 2048\n" @@ -36429,7 +37014,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25469 +#: book.translate.xml:25486 msgid "" "Use this key to create a self-signed certificate. Follow the usual prompts " "for creating a certificate:" @@ -36436,7 +37021,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25472 +#: book.translate.xml:25489 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -key cert.key -out cert.crt -sha256\n" @@ -36457,7 +37042,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25488 +#: book.translate.xml:25505 msgid "" "This will create two new files in the current directory: a private key file " "cert.key, and the certificate itself, cert." @@ -36468,12 +37053,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25499 +#: book.translate.xml:25516 msgid "Using Certificates" msgstr "使用憑證" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25501 +#: book.translate.xml:25518 msgid "" "One use for a certificate is to encrypt connections to the " "Sendmail mail server in order to prevent the use " @@ -36481,7 +37066,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:25506 +#: book.translate.xml:25523 msgid "" "Some mail clients will display an error if the user has not installed a " "local copy of the certificate. Refer to the documentation included with the " @@ -36489,7 +37074,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25512 +#: book.translate.xml:25529 msgid "" "In FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE and above, it is possible to create a self-signed " "certificate for Sendmail automatically. To enable " @@ -36497,7 +37082,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25518 +#: book.translate.xml:25535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sendmail_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -36506,7 +37091,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25522 +#: book.translate.xml:25539 msgid "" "This will automatically create a self-signed certificate, /etc/" "mail/certs/host.cert, a signing key, /etc/mail/certs/" @@ -36517,13 +37102,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25531 +#: book.translate.xml:25548 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sendmail restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25533 +#: book.translate.xml:25550 msgid "" "If all went well, there will be no error messages in /var/log/" "maillog. For a simple test, connect to the mail server's " @@ -36531,7 +37116,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25538 +#: book.translate.xml:25555 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# telnet example.com 25\n" @@ -36557,7 +37142,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25559 +#: book.translate.xml:25576 msgid "" "If the STARTTLS line appears in the output, everything is " "working correctly." @@ -36564,12 +37149,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:25566 +#: book.translate.xml:25583 msgid "VPN over IPsec" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: affiliation/address -#: book.translate.xml:25576 +#: book.translate.xml:25593 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -36578,7 +37163,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:25570 +#: book.translate.xml:25587 msgid "" " Nik Clayton <_:address-1/> Written by " @@ -36586,7 +37171,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: affiliation/address -#: book.translate.xml:25591 +#: book.translate.xml:25608 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -36595,7 +37180,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:25585 +#: book.translate.xml:25602 msgid "" " Hiten M. Pandya <_:address-1/> Written by " @@ -36603,12 +37188,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25600 +#: book.translate.xml:25617 msgid "IPsec" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25604 +#: book.translate.xml:25621 msgid "" "Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a set of protocols " "which sit on top of the Internet Protocol (IP) layer. It " @@ -36621,22 +37206,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25614 +#: book.translate.xml:25631 msgid "IPsec ESP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25619 +#: book.translate.xml:25636 msgid "IPsec AH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25624 +#: book.translate.xml:25641 msgid "IPsec is comprised of the following sub-protocols:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25629 +#: book.translate.xml:25646 msgid "" "Encapsulated Security Payload (ESP): " "this protocol protects the IP packet data from third " @@ -36645,7 +37230,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25638 +#: book.translate.xml:25655 msgid "" "Authentication Header (AH): this " "protocol protects the IP packet header from third party " @@ -36656,7 +37241,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25650 +#: book.translate.xml:25667 msgid "" "IP Payload Compression Protocol (IPComp): this protocol tries to increase communication performance by " @@ -36665,7 +37250,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25658 +#: book.translate.xml:25675 msgid "" "These protocols can either be used together or separately, depending on the " "environment." @@ -36672,17 +37257,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25661 +#: book.translate.xml:25678 msgid "VPN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25665 +#: book.translate.xml:25682 msgid "virtual private network VPN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25670 +#: book.translate.xml:25687 msgid "" "IPsec supports two modes of operation. The first mode, " "Transport Mode, protects communications between two " @@ -36694,7 +37279,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25679 +#: book.translate.xml:25696 msgid "" "To add IPsec support to the kernel, add the following " "options to the custom kernel configuration file and rebuild the kernel using " @@ -36702,12 +37287,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25683 +#: book.translate.xml:25700 msgid "kernel options IPSEC" msgstr "核心選項 IPSEC" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25688 +#: book.translate.xml:25705 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options IPSEC #IP security\n" @@ -36715,12 +37300,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25691 +#: book.translate.xml:25708 msgid "kernel options IPSEC_DEBUG" msgstr "核心選項 IPSEC_DEBUG" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25696 +#: book.translate.xml:25713 msgid "" "If IPsec debugging support is desired, the following " "kernel option should also be added:" @@ -36727,13 +37312,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25699 +#: book.translate.xml:25716 #, no-wrap msgid "options IPSEC_DEBUG #debug for IP security" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25701 +#: book.translate.xml:25718 msgid "" "This rest of this chapter demonstrates the process of setting up an " "IPsec VPN between a home network and a " @@ -36741,7 +37326,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25708 +#: book.translate.xml:25725 msgid "" "Both sites are connected to the Internet through a gateway that is running " "FreeBSD." @@ -36748,7 +37333,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25713 +#: book.translate.xml:25730 msgid "" "The gateway on each network has at least one external IP " "address. In this example, the corporate LAN's external " @@ -36759,7 +37344,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25722 +#: book.translate.xml:25739 msgid "" "The internal addresses of the two networks can be either public or private " "IP addresses. However, the address space must not " @@ -36772,12 +37357,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:25735 +#: book.translate.xml:25752 msgid "Configuring a VPN on FreeBSD" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 上設定 VPN" #. (itstool) path: affiliation/address -#: book.translate.xml:25744 +#: book.translate.xml:25761 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -36786,7 +37371,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:25738 +#: book.translate.xml:25755 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes <_:address-1/> Written by " @@ -36794,7 +37379,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25753 +#: book.translate.xml:25770 msgid "" "To begin, security/ipsec-tools must be installed from the " "Ports Collection. This software provides a number of applications which " @@ -36802,7 +37387,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25757 +#: book.translate.xml:25774 msgid "" "The next requirement is to create two gif4 pseudo-devices which " @@ -36814,7 +37399,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25765 +#: book.translate.xml:25782 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig gif0 create\n" @@ -36823,7 +37408,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25769 +#: book.translate.xml:25786 msgid "" "Verify the setup on each gateway, using ifconfig. Here is " "the output from Gateway 1:" @@ -36830,7 +37415,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25773 +#: book.translate.xml:25790 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gif0: flags=8051 mtu 1280\n" @@ -36840,12 +37425,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25778 +#: book.translate.xml:25795 msgid "Here is the output from Gateway 2:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25780 +#: book.translate.xml:25797 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gif0: flags=8051 mtu 1280\n" @@ -36855,7 +37440,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25785 +#: book.translate.xml:25802 msgid "" "Once complete, both internal IP addresses should be " "reachable using pingICMP packets from the privately configured addresses. Next, both " @@ -36898,7 +37483,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25816 +#: book.translate.xml:25833 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# corp-net# route add 10.0.0.0 10.0.0.5 255.255.255.0\n" @@ -36908,7 +37493,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25821 +#: book.translate.xml:25838 msgid "" "At this point, internal machines should be reachable from each gateway as " "well as from machines behind the gateways. Again, use " @@ -36917,7 +37502,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25825 +#: book.translate.xml:25842 #, no-wrap msgid "" "corp-net# ping 10.0.0.8\n" @@ -36944,7 +37529,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25847 +#: book.translate.xml:25864 msgid "" "Setting up the tunnels is the easy part. Configuring a secure link is a more " "in depth process. The following configuration uses pre-shared (PSKracoon.conf." @@ -37024,7 +37609,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25916 +#: book.translate.xml:25933 msgid "" "The Security Policy Database (SPD) needs to be configured " "so that FreeBSD and racoon are able to encrypt " @@ -37032,7 +37617,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25921 +#: book.translate.xml:25938 msgid "" "This can be achieved with a shell script, similar to the following, on the " "corporate gateway. This file will be used during system initialization and " @@ -37040,7 +37625,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25926 +#: book.translate.xml:25943 #, no-wrap msgid "" "flush;\n" @@ -37051,7 +37636,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25932 +#: book.translate.xml:25949 msgid "" "Once in place, racoon may be started on both " "gateways using the following command:" @@ -37058,18 +37643,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25935 +#: book.translate.xml:25952 #, no-wrap msgid "# /usr/local/sbin/racoon -F -f /usr/local/etc/racoon/racoon.conf -l /var/log/racoon.log" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25937 +#: book.translate.xml:25954 msgid "The output should be similar to the following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25939 +#: book.translate.xml:25956 #, no-wrap msgid "" "corp-net# /usr/local/sbin/racoon -F -f /usr/local/etc/racoon/racoon.conf\n" @@ -37087,7 +37672,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25952 +#: book.translate.xml:25969 msgid "" "To ensure the tunnel is working properly, switch to another console and use " "tcpdump1# tcpdump -i em0 host 172.16.5.4 and dst 192.168.1.12" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25960 +#: book.translate.xml:25977 msgid "" "Data similar to the following should appear on the console. If not, there is " "an issue and debugging the returned data will be required." @@ -37110,7 +37695,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25964 +#: book.translate.xml:25981 #, no-wrap msgid "" "01:47:32.021683 IP corporatenetwork.com > 192.168.1.12.privatenetwork.com: ESP(spi=0x02acbf9f,seq=0xa)\n" @@ -37119,7 +37704,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25968 +#: book.translate.xml:25985 msgid "" "At this point, both networks should be available and seem to be part of the " "same network. Most likely both networks are protected by a firewall. To " @@ -37130,7 +37715,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25975 +#: book.translate.xml:25992 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ipfw add 00201 allow log esp from any to any\n" @@ -37140,7 +37725,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:25981 +#: book.translate.xml:25998 msgid "" "The rule numbers may need to be altered depending on the current host " "configuration." @@ -37147,7 +37732,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25985 +#: book.translate.xml:26002 msgid "" "For users of pf4 or ipfVPN during system initialization, add the following lines to /" @@ -37180,7 +37765,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26003 +#: book.translate.xml:26020 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ipsec_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -37190,12 +37775,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:26012 +#: book.translate.xml:26029 msgid "OpenSSH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:26015 +#: book.translate.xml:26032 msgid "" "ChernLeeContributed by " @@ -37202,17 +37787,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26021 +#: book.translate.xml:26038 msgid "OpenSSH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26022 +#: book.translate.xml:26039 msgid "security OpenSSH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26027 +#: book.translate.xml:26044 msgid "" "OpenSSH is a set of network connectivity tools " "used to provide secure access to remote machines. Additionally, TCP/" @@ -37223,7 +37808,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26036 +#: book.translate.xml:26053 msgid "" "OpenSSH is maintained by the OpenBSD project and " "is installed by default in FreeBSD. It is compatible with both SSHOpenSSH client" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26064 +#: book.translate.xml:26081 msgid "" "To log into a SSH server, use ssh and " "specify a username that exists on that server and the IP " @@ -37273,7 +37858,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26071 +#: book.translate.xml:26088 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ssh user@example.com\n" @@ -37285,7 +37870,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26078 +#: book.translate.xml:26095 msgid "" "SSH utilizes a key fingerprint system to verify the " "authenticity of the server when the client connects. When the user accepts " @@ -37299,7 +37884,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26090 +#: book.translate.xml:26107 msgid "" "By default, recent versions of OpenSSH only " "accept SSHv2 connections. By default, the client will use " @@ -37311,12 +37896,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26099 +#: book.translate.xml:26116 msgid "OpenSSH secure copy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26103 +#: book.translate.xml:26120 msgid "" "scp1" @@ -37323,7 +37908,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26107 +#: book.translate.xml:26124 msgid "" "Use scp1 to securely copy a file to or from a remote " @@ -37333,7 +37918,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26113 +#: book.translate.xml:26130 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# scp user@example.com:/COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHT\n" @@ -37344,7 +37929,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26119 +#: book.translate.xml:26136 msgid "" "Since the fingerprint was already verified for this host, the server's key " "is automatically checked before prompting for the user's password." @@ -37351,7 +37936,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26123 +#: book.translate.xml:26140 msgid "" "The arguments passed to scp are similar to cp. The file or files to copy is the first argument and the " @@ -37363,7 +37948,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26133 +#: book.translate.xml:26150 msgid "" "To open an interactive session for copying files, use sftp. Refer to sftpRSA authentication " @@ -37387,7 +37972,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26150 +#: book.translate.xml:26167 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh-keygen -t rsa\n" @@ -37414,17 +37999,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:26174 +#: book.translate.xml:26191 msgid "Type a passphrase here. It can contain spaces and symbols." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:26179 +#: book.translate.xml:26196 msgid "Retype the passphrase to verify it." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26184 +#: book.translate.xml:26201 msgid "" "The private key is stored in ~/.ssh/id_rsa and the " "public key is stored in ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The " @@ -37434,7 +38019,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:26195 +#: book.translate.xml:26212 msgid "" "Many users believe that keys are secure by design and will use a key without " "a passphrase. This is dangerous behavior. An " @@ -37448,7 +38033,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26211 +#: book.translate.xml:26228 msgid "" "The options and files vary with different versions of OpenSSH. To avoid problems, consult ssh-" @@ -37456,7 +38041,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26215 +#: book.translate.xml:26232 msgid "" "If a passphrase is used, the user is prompted for the passphrase each time a " "connection is made to the server. To load SSH keys into " @@ -37467,7 +38052,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26221 +#: book.translate.xml:26238 msgid "" "Authentication is handled by ssh-agent, using the private " "keys that are loaded into it. ssh-agent can be used to " @@ -37475,7 +38060,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26227 +#: book.translate.xml:26244 msgid "" "To use ssh-agent in a shell, start it with a shell as an " "argument. Add the identity by running ssh-add and " @@ -37485,7 +38070,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26235 +#: book.translate.xml:26252 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh-agent csh\n" @@ -37496,12 +38081,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:26243 +#: book.translate.xml:26260 msgid "Enter the passphrase for the key." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26247 +#: book.translate.xml:26264 msgid "" "To use ssh-agent in Xorg, add " "an entry for it in ~/.xinitrc. This provides the " @@ -37511,13 +38096,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26254 +#: book.translate.xml:26271 #, no-wrap msgid "exec ssh-agent startxfce4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26256 +#: book.translate.xml:26273 msgid "" "This launches ssh-agent, which in turn launches " "XFCE, every time Xorg " @@ -37527,17 +38112,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:26265 +#: book.translate.xml:26282 msgid "SSH Tunneling" msgstr "SSH 通道" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26267 +#: book.translate.xml:26284 msgid "OpenSSH tunneling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26272 +#: book.translate.xml:26289 msgid "" "OpenSSH has the ability to create a tunnel to " "encapsulate another protocol in an encrypted session." @@ -37544,7 +38129,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26276 +#: book.translate.xml:26293 msgid "" "The following command tells ssh to create a tunnel for " "telnet:" @@ -37551,7 +38136,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26280 +#: book.translate.xml:26297 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh -2 -N -f -L 5023:localhost:23 user@foo.example.com\n" @@ -37559,28 +38144,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26283 +#: book.translate.xml:26300 msgid "This example uses the following options:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:26287 +#: book.translate.xml:26304 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26290 +#: book.translate.xml:26307 msgid "" "Forces ssh to use version 2 to connect to the server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:26296 +#: book.translate.xml:26313 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26299 +#: book.translate.xml:26316 msgid "" "Indicates no command, or tunnel only. If omitted, ssh " "initiates a normal session." @@ -37587,17 +38172,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26309 +#: book.translate.xml:26326 msgid "Forces ssh to run in the background." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:26315 +#: book.translate.xml:26332 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26318 +#: book.translate.xml:26335 msgid "" "Indicates a local tunnel in localport:remotehost:remoteport format." @@ -37604,18 +38189,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:26325 +#: book.translate.xml:26342 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26328 +#: book.translate.xml:26345 msgid "" "The login name to use on the specified remote SSH server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26334 +#: book.translate.xml:26351 msgid "" "An SSH tunnel works by creating a listen socket on " "localhost on the specified localportTCP protocols such as SMTP, POP3, " @@ -37638,12 +38223,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:26353 +#: book.translate.xml:26370 msgid "Create a Secure Tunnel for SMTP" msgstr "建立供 SMTP 使用的安全通道" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26356 +#: book.translate.xml:26373 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh -2 -N -f -L 5025:localhost:25 user@mailserver.example.com\n" @@ -37656,7 +38241,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26364 +#: book.translate.xml:26381 msgid "" "This can be used in conjunction with ssh-keygen and " "additional user accounts to create a more seamless SSH " @@ -37665,12 +38250,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:26373 +#: book.translate.xml:26390 msgid "Secure Access of a POP3 Server" msgstr "安全存取 POP3 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26376 +#: book.translate.xml:26393 msgid "" "In this example, there is an SSH server that accepts " "connections from the outside. On the same network resides a mail server " @@ -37680,7 +38265,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26384 +#: book.translate.xml:26401 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh -2 -N -f -L 2110:mail.example.com:110 user@ssh-server.example.com\n" @@ -37688,7 +38273,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26387 +#: book.translate.xml:26404 msgid "" "Once the tunnel is up and running, point the email client to send " "POP3 requests to localhost on " @@ -37697,12 +38282,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:26395 +#: book.translate.xml:26412 msgid "Bypassing a Firewall" msgstr "跳過防火牆" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26397 +#: book.translate.xml:26414 msgid "" "Some firewalls filter both incoming and outgoing connections. For example, a " "firewall might limit access from remote machines to ports 22 and 80 to only " @@ -37711,7 +38296,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26405 +#: book.translate.xml:26422 msgid "" "The solution is to create an SSH connection to a machine " "outside of the network's firewall and use it to tunnel to the desired " @@ -37719,7 +38304,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26409 +#: book.translate.xml:26426 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh -2 -N -f -L 8888:music.example.com:8000 user@unfirewalled-system.example.org\n" @@ -37727,7 +38312,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26412 +#: book.translate.xml:26429 msgid "" "In this example, a streaming Ogg Vorbis client can now be pointed to " "localhost port 8888, which will be forwarded over " @@ -37736,17 +38321,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:26422 +#: book.translate.xml:26439 msgid "Enabling the SSH Server" msgstr "開啟 SSH 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26424 +#: book.translate.xml:26441 msgid "OpenSSH enabling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26429 +#: book.translate.xml:26446 msgid "" "In addition to providing built-in SSH client utilities, a " "FreeBSD system can be configured as an SSH server, " @@ -37754,7 +38339,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26434 +#: book.translate.xml:26451 msgid "" "To see if sshd is operating, use the " "service8# service sshd status" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26439 +#: book.translate.xml:26456 msgid "" "If the service is not running, add the following line to /etc/rc." "conf." @@ -37775,13 +38360,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26442 +#: book.translate.xml:26459 #, no-wrap msgid "sshd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26444 +#: book.translate.xml:26461 msgid "" "This will start sshd, the daemon program for " "OpenSSH, the next time the system boots. To start " @@ -37789,13 +38374,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26448 +#: book.translate.xml:26465 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26450 +#: book.translate.xml:26467 msgid "" "The first time sshd starts on a FreeBSD system, " "the system's host keys will be automatically created and the fingerprint " @@ -37804,7 +38389,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26456 +#: book.translate.xml:26473 msgid "" "Refer to sshd8 for the list of available options when starting " @@ -37813,7 +38398,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26461 +#: book.translate.xml:26478 msgid "" "At this point, the sshd should be available to " "all users with a username and password on the system." @@ -37820,12 +38405,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:26467 +#: book.translate.xml:26484 msgid "SSH Server Security" msgstr "SSH 伺服器安全性" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26469 +#: book.translate.xml:26486 msgid "" "While sshd is the most widely used remote " "administration facility for FreeBSD, brute force and drive by attacks are " @@ -37835,7 +38420,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26476 +#: book.translate.xml:26493 msgid "" "It is a good idea to limit which users can log into the SSH server and from where using the AllowUsers " @@ -37846,13 +38431,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26484 +#: book.translate.xml:26501 #, no-wrap msgid "AllowUsers root@192.168.1.32" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26486 +#: book.translate.xml:26503 msgid "" "To allow admin to log in from " "anywhere, list that user without specifying an IP address:" @@ -37859,24 +38444,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26490 +#: book.translate.xml:26507 #, no-wrap msgid "AllowUsers admin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26492 +#: book.translate.xml:26509 msgid "Multiple users should be listed on the same line, like so:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26495 +#: book.translate.xml:26512 #, no-wrap msgid "AllowUsers root@192.168.1.32 admin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26497 +#: book.translate.xml:26514 msgid "" "After making changes to /etc/ssh/sshd_config, tell " "sshd to reload its configuration file by running:" @@ -37883,13 +38468,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26502 +#: book.translate.xml:26519 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd reload" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:26505 +#: book.translate.xml:26522 msgid "" "When this keyword is used, it is important to list each user that needs to " "log into this machine. Any user that is not specified in that line will be " @@ -37903,7 +38488,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26517 +#: book.translate.xml:26534 msgid "" "In addition, users may be forced to use two factor authentication via the " "use of a public and private key. When required, the user may generate a key " @@ -37916,13 +38501,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26526 +#: book.translate.xml:26543 #, no-wrap msgid "AuthenticationMethods publickey" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:26529 +#: book.translate.xml:26546 msgid "" "Do not confuse /etc/ssh/sshd_config with /etc/" "ssh/ssh_config (note the extra d in the first " @@ -37933,13 +38518,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:26541 +#: book.translate.xml:26558 msgid "Access Control Lists" msgstr "存取控制清單" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:26544 book.translate.xml:26689 book.translate.xml:26765 -#: book.translate.xml:27085 book.translate.xml:27150 book.translate.xml:27507 +#: book.translate.xml:26561 book.translate.xml:26706 book.translate.xml:26782 +#: book.translate.xml:27102 book.translate.xml:27167 book.translate.xml:27524 msgid "" "TomRhodesContributed by " @@ -37946,12 +38531,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26549 +#: book.translate.xml:26566 msgid "ACL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26553 +#: book.translate.xml:26570 msgid "" "Access Control Lists (ACLs) extend the standard " "UNIX permission model in a " @@ -37961,7 +38546,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26558 +#: book.translate.xml:26575 msgid "" "The FreeBSD GENERIC kernel provides ACL support for UFS file systems. Users who prefer " @@ -37970,13 +38555,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26564 +#: book.translate.xml:26581 #, no-wrap msgid "options UFS_ACL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26566 +#: book.translate.xml:26583 msgid "" "If this option is not compiled in, a warning message will be displayed when " "attempting to mount a file system with ACL support. " @@ -37985,7 +38570,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26572 +#: book.translate.xml:26589 msgid "" "This chapter describes how to enable ACL support and " "provides some usage examples." @@ -37992,12 +38577,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:26577 +#: book.translate.xml:26594 msgid "Enabling ACL Support" msgstr "開啟 ACL 支援" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26579 +#: book.translate.xml:26596 msgid "" "ACLs are enabled by the mount-time administrative flag, " ", which may be added to /etc/fstabmount -u as it requires a complete umount and fresh " @@ -38020,7 +38605,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26600 +#: book.translate.xml:26617 msgid "" "Setting the superblock flag causes the file system to always be mounted with " "ACLs enabled, even if there is not an fstabACLs enabled because nasty things can happen if ACLs " @@ -38043,7 +38628,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26624 +#: book.translate.xml:26641 msgid "" "File systems with ACLs enabled will show a plus (" "+) sign in their permission settings:" @@ -38050,7 +38635,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26628 +#: book.translate.xml:26645 #, no-wrap msgid "" "drwx------ 2 robert robert 512 Dec 27 11:54 private\n" @@ -38061,7 +38646,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26634 +#: book.translate.xml:26651 msgid "" "In this example, directory1, directory2, and directory3 are all taking advantage of " @@ -38069,12 +38654,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:26642 +#: book.translate.xml:26659 msgid "Using ACLs" msgstr "使用 ACL" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26644 +#: book.translate.xml:26661 msgid "" "File system ACLs can be viewed using getfacl. For instance, to view the ACL settings on " @@ -38082,7 +38667,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26649 +#: book.translate.xml:26666 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% getfacl test\n" @@ -38095,7 +38680,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26657 +#: book.translate.xml:26674 msgid "" "To change the ACL settings on this file, use " "setfacl. To remove all of the currently defined " @@ -38105,13 +38690,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26664 +#: book.translate.xml:26681 #, no-wrap msgid "% setfacl -k test" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26666 +#: book.translate.xml:26683 msgid "" "To modify the default ACL entries, use channels, so be careful " @@ -38980,12 +39565,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:27368 +#: book.translate.xml:27385 msgid "sbsize" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:27369 +#: book.translate.xml:27386 msgid "" "The limit on the amount of network memory a user may consume. This can be " "generally used to limit network communications." @@ -38992,12 +39577,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:27375 +#: book.translate.xml:27392 msgid "stacksize" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:27376 +#: book.translate.xml:27393 msgid "" "The maximum size of a process stack. This alone is not sufficient to limit " "the amount of memory a program may use, so it should be used in conjunction " @@ -39005,12 +39590,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27385 +#: book.translate.xml:27402 msgid "There are a few other things to remember when setting resource limits:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27390 +#: book.translate.xml:27407 msgid "" "Processes started at system startup by /etc/rc are " "assigned to the daemon login class." @@ -39017,7 +39602,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27396 +#: book.translate.xml:27413 msgid "" "Although the default /etc/login.conf is a good source " "of reasonable values for most limits, they may not be appropriate for every " @@ -39026,7 +39611,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27405 +#: book.translate.xml:27422 msgid "" "Xorg takes a lot of resources and encourages " "users to run more programs simultaneously." @@ -39033,7 +39618,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27411 +#: book.translate.xml:27428 msgid "" "Many limits apply to individual processes, not the user as a whole. For " "example, setting openfiles to 50 means " @@ -39044,7 +39629,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27422 +#: book.translate.xml:27439 msgid "" "For further information on resource limits and login classes and " "capabilities in general, refer to cap_mkdbrctl support is built into the " "kernel. Previous supported releases will need to be recompiled using the " @@ -39070,7 +39655,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27437 +#: book.translate.xml:27454 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options RACCT\n" @@ -39078,7 +39663,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27440 +#: book.translate.xml:27457 msgid "" "Once the system has rebooted into the new kernel, rctl " "may be used to set rules for the system." @@ -39085,7 +39670,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27444 +#: book.translate.xml:27461 msgid "" "Rule syntax is controlled through the use of a subject, subject-id, " "resource, and action, as seen in this example rule:" @@ -39092,13 +39677,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27448 +#: book.translate.xml:27465 #, no-wrap msgid "user:trhodes:maxproc:deny=10/user" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27450 +#: book.translate.xml:27467 msgid "" "In this rule, the subject is user, the subject-id is " "trhodes, the resource, maxproc, is the " @@ -39112,7 +39697,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27461 +#: book.translate.xml:27478 msgid "" "Some care must be taken when adding rules. Since this user is constrained to " "10 processes, this example will prevent the user from " @@ -39122,7 +39707,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27468 +#: book.translate.xml:27485 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% man test\n" @@ -39131,7 +39716,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27472 +#: book.translate.xml:27489 msgid "" "As another example, a jail can be prevented from exceeding a memory limit. " "This rule could be written as:" @@ -39138,13 +39723,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27475 +#: book.translate.xml:27492 #, no-wrap msgid "# rctl -a jail:httpd:memoryuse:deny=2G/jail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27477 +#: book.translate.xml:27494 msgid "" "Rules will persist across reboots if they have been added to /etc/" "rctl.conf. The format is a rule, without the preceding command. " @@ -39152,7 +39737,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27482 +#: book.translate.xml:27499 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Block jail from using more than 2G memory:\n" @@ -39160,19 +39745,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27485 +#: book.translate.xml:27502 msgid "" "To remove a rule, use rctl to remove it from the list:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27488 +#: book.translate.xml:27505 #, no-wrap msgid "# rctl -r user:trhodes:maxproc:deny=10/user" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27490 +#: book.translate.xml:27507 msgid "" "A method for removing all rules is documented in " "rctl8# rctl -r user:trhodes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27496 +#: book.translate.xml:27513 msgid "" "Many other resources exist which can be used to exert additional control " "over various subjects. See " @@ -39196,17 +39781,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:27504 +#: book.translate.xml:27521 msgid "Shared Administration with Sudo" msgstr "使用 Sudo 分享管理權限" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:27512 +#: book.translate.xml:27529 msgid "Security Sudo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27517 +#: book.translate.xml:27534 msgid "" "System administrators often need the ability to grant enhanced permissions " "to users so they may perform privileged tasks. The idea that team members " @@ -39219,7 +39804,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27528 +#: book.translate.xml:27545 msgid "" "Up to this point, the security chapter has covered permitting access to " "authorized users and attempting to prevent unauthorized access. Another " @@ -39235,7 +39820,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27540 +#: book.translate.xml:27557 msgid "" "Sudo allows administrators to configure more " "rigid access to system commands and provide for some advanced logging " @@ -39247,13 +39832,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27547 +#: book.translate.xml:27564 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install sudo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27549 +#: book.translate.xml:27566 msgid "" "After the installation is complete, the installed visudo " "will open the configuration file with a text editor. Using visudowebservice using this " "command:" @@ -39286,13 +39871,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27569 +#: book.translate.xml:27586 #, no-wrap msgid "% sudo /usr/sbin/service webservice start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27571 +#: book.translate.xml:27588 msgid "" "While this configuration allows a single user access to the " "webservice service; however, in most " @@ -39303,13 +39888,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27579 +#: book.translate.xml:27596 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupadd -g 6001 -n webteam" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27581 +#: book.translate.xml:27598 msgid "" "Using the same pw8 command, the user is added to the webteam group:" @@ -39316,13 +39901,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27584 +#: book.translate.xml:27601 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod -m user1 -n webteam" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27586 +#: book.translate.xml:27603 msgid "" "Finally, this line in /usr/local/etc/sudoers allows any " "member of the webteam group to manage webservice:" @@ -39329,13 +39914,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27591 +#: book.translate.xml:27608 #, no-wrap msgid "%webteam ALL=(ALL) /usr/sbin/service webservice *" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27593 +#: book.translate.xml:27610 msgid "" "Unlike su1, Sudo only requires the " @@ -39344,7 +39929,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27598 +#: book.translate.xml:27615 msgid "" "Users permitted to run applications with Sudo " "only enter their own passwords. This is more secure and gives better control " @@ -39355,7 +39940,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:27607 +#: book.translate.xml:27624 msgid "" "Most organizations are moving or have moved toward a two factor " "authentication model. In these cases, the user may not have a password to " @@ -39366,18 +39951,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27616 +#: book.translate.xml:27633 #, no-wrap msgid "%webteam ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/service webservice *" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:27620 +#: book.translate.xml:27637 msgid "Logging Output" msgstr "記錄輸出" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27622 +#: book.translate.xml:27639 msgid "" "An advantage to implementing Sudo is the ability " "to enable session logging. Using the built in log mechanisms and the " @@ -39390,13 +39975,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27634 +#: book.translate.xml:27651 #, no-wrap msgid "Defaults iolog_dir=/var/log/sudo-io/%{user}" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:27637 +#: book.translate.xml:27654 msgid "" "This directory will be created automatically after the logging is " "configured. It is best to let the system create directory with default " @@ -39407,7 +39992,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27646 +#: book.translate.xml:27663 msgid "" "Once this directive has been added to the sudoers file, " "any user configuration can be updated with the request to log access. In the " @@ -39416,13 +40001,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27652 +#: book.translate.xml:27669 #, no-wrap msgid "%webteam ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: LOG_INPUT: LOG_OUTPUT: /usr/sbin/service webservice *" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27654 +#: book.translate.xml:27671 msgid "" "From this point on, all webteam members altering " "the status of the webservice application will be " @@ -39430,13 +40015,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27660 +#: book.translate.xml:27677 #, no-wrap msgid "# sudoreplay -l" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27662 +#: book.translate.xml:27679 msgid "" "In the output, to replay a specific session, search for the TSID= entry, and pass that to sudoreplay with " @@ -39444,13 +40029,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27667 +#: book.translate.xml:27684 #, no-wrap msgid "# sudoreplay user1/00/00/02" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:27670 +#: book.translate.xml:27687 msgid "" "While sessions are logged, any administrator is able to remove sessions and " "leave only a question of why they had done so. It is worthwhile to add a " @@ -39460,7 +40045,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27678 +#: book.translate.xml:27695 msgid "" "The sudoreplay is extremely extendable. Consult the " "documentation for more information." @@ -39467,12 +40052,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:27692 +#: book.translate.xml:27709 msgid "Jails" msgstr "Jail" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:27695 +#: book.translate.xml:27712 msgid "" "MatteoRiondatoContributed by " @@ -39479,12 +40064,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:27700 +#: book.translate.xml:27717 msgid "jails" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27705 +#: book.translate.xml:27722 msgid "" "Since system administration is a difficult task, many tools have been " "developed to make life easier for the administrator. These tools often " @@ -39500,7 +40085,7 @@ "用並持續強化它的功能、效率、穩定性以及安全性。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27714 +#: book.translate.xml:27731 msgid "" "Jails build upon the chroot2 concept, which is used " @@ -39523,7 +40108,7 @@ "經被找到，讓這個方法不再是確保服務安全的理想方案。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27727 +#: book.translate.xml:27744 msgid "" "Jails improve on the concept of the traditional chroot environment in " "several ways. In a traditional chroot environment, processes are only " @@ -39542,12 +40127,12 @@ "方式，Jail 可算是一種作業系統層級的虛擬化。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27739 +#: book.translate.xml:27756 msgid "A jail is characterized by four elements:" msgstr "Jail 的四個要素：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27743 +#: book.translate.xml:27760 msgid "" "A directory subtree: the starting point from which a jail is entered. Once " "inside the jail, a process is not permitted to escape outside of this " @@ -39557,12 +40142,12 @@ "錄之外。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27749 +#: book.translate.xml:27766 msgid "A hostname: which will be used by the jail." msgstr "一個主機名稱：將會由 Jail 所使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27753 +#: book.translate.xml:27770 msgid "" "An IP address: which is assigned to the jail. The " "IP address of a jail is often an alias address for an " @@ -39572,7 +40157,7 @@ "acronym> 位址通常是現有網路介面的別名位址。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27760 +#: book.translate.xml:27777 msgid "" "A command: the path name of an executable to run inside the jail. The path " "is relative to the root directory of the jail environment." @@ -39581,7 +40166,7 @@ "路徑。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27766 +#: book.translate.xml:27783 msgid "" "Jails have their own set of users and their own root account which are limited to the jail environment. The " @@ -39594,7 +40179,7 @@ "systemitem> 帳號不允許對指定 Jail 環境之外的系統執行操作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27771 +#: book.translate.xml:27788 msgid "" "This chapter provides an overview of the terminology and commands for " "managing FreeBSD jails. Jails are a powerful tool for both system " @@ -39604,23 +40189,23 @@ "來二者來說皆是強大的工具。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27779 +#: book.translate.xml:27796 msgid "What a jail is and what purpose it may serve in FreeBSD installations." msgstr "Jail 是什麼及它在 FreeBSD 中提供的目的。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27784 +#: book.translate.xml:27801 msgid "How to build, start, and stop a jail." msgstr "如何建立、啟動及停止 Jail。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27788 +#: book.translate.xml:27805 msgid "" "The basics of jail administration, both from inside and outside the jail." msgstr "Jail 管理基礎，不論從內部或外部。" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:27794 +#: book.translate.xml:27811 msgid "" "Jails are a powerful tool, but they are not a security panacea. While it is " "not possible for a jailed process to break out on its own, there are several " @@ -39633,7 +40218,7 @@ "使用者串通來取得主機環境的更高權限。" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:27801 +#: book.translate.xml:27818 msgid "" "Most of these attacks can be mitigated by ensuring that the jail root is not " "accessible to unprivileged users in the host environment. As a general rule, " @@ -39644,12 +40229,12 @@ "上，不受信任的使用者有 Jail 的存取權限並不會讓其可存取主機環境。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:27810 +#: book.translate.xml:27827 msgid "Terms Related to Jails" msgstr "Jail 相關術語" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27812 +#: book.translate.xml:27829 msgid "" "To facilitate better understanding of parts of the FreeBSD system related to " "jails, their internals and the way they interact with the rest of FreeBSD, " @@ -39659,7 +40244,7 @@ "互作用關係， 以下列出本章將使用的術語：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27819 +#: book.translate.xml:27836 msgid "" "chroot8 (command)" @@ -39668,7 +40253,7 @@ "citerefentry> (指令)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27821 +#: book.translate.xml:27838 msgid "" "Utility, which uses chroot2 FreeBSD system call to " @@ -39679,7 +40264,7 @@ "(System call) 來更改程予及其衍伸程序的根目錄。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27828 +#: book.translate.xml:27845 msgid "" "chroot2 (environment)" @@ -39688,7 +40273,7 @@ "citerefentry> (環境)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27830 +#: book.translate.xml:27847 msgid "" "The environment of processes running in a chroot. This " "includes resources such as the part of the file system which is visible, " @@ -39699,7 +40284,7 @@ "統、可用的使用者及群組 ID、網路介面及其他 IPC 機制等。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27839 +#: book.translate.xml:27856 msgid "" "jail8 (command)" @@ -39708,7 +40293,7 @@ "citerefentry> (指令)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27841 +#: book.translate.xml:27858 msgid "" "The system administration utility which allows launching of processes within " "a jail environment." @@ -39715,12 +40300,12 @@ msgstr "允許在 Jail 環境下執行程序的系統管理工具。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27847 +#: book.translate.xml:27864 msgid "host (system, process, user, etc.)" msgstr "主機 (系統、程序、使用者等)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27849 +#: book.translate.xml:27866 msgid "" "The controlling system of a jail environment. The host system has access to " "all the hardware resources available, and can control processes both outside " @@ -39733,12 +40318,12 @@ "像在 Jail 環境那樣受到限制。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27861 +#: book.translate.xml:27878 msgid "hosted (system, process, user, etc.)" msgstr "託管 (主機、程序、使用者等)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27863 +#: book.translate.xml:27880 msgid "" "A process, user or other entity, whose access to resources is restricted by " "a FreeBSD jail." @@ -39745,12 +40330,12 @@ msgstr "存取資源受到 FreeBSD Jail 限制的託管程序、使用者或其他實體。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:27871 +#: book.translate.xml:27888 msgid "Creating and Controlling Jails" msgstr "建立和控制 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27873 +#: book.translate.xml:27890 msgid "" "Some administrators divide jails into the following two types: " "complete jails, which resemble a real FreeBSD system, and " @@ -39768,7 +40353,7 @@ "先編譯的 Binary (如安裝媒體上提供的 Binary) 或從原始碼編譯。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27883 +#: book.translate.xml:27900 msgid "" "To install the userland from installation media, first create the root " "directory for the jail. This can be done by setting the DESTDIRDESTDIR 來到適當的位置來完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27888 +#: book.translate.xml:27905 msgid "Start a shell and define DESTDIR:" msgstr "啟動 Shell 並定義 DESTDIR：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27890 +#: book.translate.xml:27907 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sh\n" @@ -39791,7 +40376,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27893 +#: book.translate.xml:27910 msgid "" "Mount the install media as covered in mdconfig8 when using the install " @@ -39801,13 +40386,13 @@ "refentrytitle>8 中的說明掛載安裝媒體：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27896 +#: book.translate.xml:27913 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount -t cd9660 /dev/`mdconfig -f cdimage.iso` /mnt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27898 +#: book.translate.xml:27915 msgid "" "Extract the binaries from the tarballs on the install media into the " "declared destination. Minimally, only the base set needs to be extracted, " @@ -39817,29 +40402,29 @@ "的部份，若需要也可完整安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27903 +#: book.translate.xml:27920 msgid "To install just the base system:" msgstr "只安裝基礎系統 (Base system)：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27905 +#: book.translate.xml:27922 #, no-wrap msgid "# tar -xf /mnt/usr/freebsd-dist/base.txz -C $DESTDIR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27907 +#: book.translate.xml:27924 msgid "To install everything except the kernel:" msgstr "安裝全部不含核心：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27909 +#: book.translate.xml:27926 #, no-wrap msgid "# for sets in BASE PORTS; do tar -xf /mnt/FREEBSD_INSTALL/USR/FREEBSD_DIST/$sets.TXZ -C $DESTDIR ; done" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27911 +#: book.translate.xml:27928 msgid "" "The jail8 manual page explains the procedure for building a " @@ -39849,7 +40434,7 @@ "manvolnum> 操作手冊說明的程序建置 Jail：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27914 +#: book.translate.xml:27931 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# setenv D /here/is/the/jail\n" @@ -39862,7 +40447,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:27924 +#: book.translate.xml:27941 msgid "" "Selecting a location for a jail is the best starting point. This is where " "the jail will physically reside within the file system of the jail's host. A " @@ -39881,7 +40466,7 @@ "案。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:27937 +#: book.translate.xml:27954 msgid "" "If you have already rebuilt your userland using make world or make buildworld, you can skip this step and " @@ -39892,7 +40477,7 @@ "到新的 Jail。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:27944 +#: book.translate.xml:27961 msgid "" "This command will populate the directory subtree chosen as jail's physical " "location on the file system with the necessary binaries, libraries, manual " @@ -39902,12 +40487,12 @@ "庫、操作手冊與相關檔案。" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:27951 +#: book.translate.xml:27968 msgid "distribution" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:27951 +#: book.translate.xml:27968 msgid "" "The <_:buildtarget-1/> target for make installs " "every needed configuration file. In simple words, it installs every " @@ -39921,7 +40506,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:27962 +#: book.translate.xml:27979 msgid "" "Mounting the devfs8 file system inside a jail is not required. On the " @@ -39946,7 +40531,7 @@ "refentrytitle>5 操作手冊中有詳細說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27974 +#: book.translate.xml:27991 msgid "" "Once a jail is installed, it can be started by using the " "jail8rc " "mechanism provides an easy way to do this." @@ -39982,7 +40567,7 @@ "簡單的達成這件事。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:27993 +#: book.translate.xml:28010 msgid "" "A list of the jails which are enabled to start at boot time should be added " "to the rc.conf55 檔案中：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27996 +#: book.translate.xml:28013 #, no-wrap msgid "" "jail_enable=\"YES\" # Set to NO to disable starting of any jails\n" @@ -40000,7 +40585,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:28000 +#: book.translate.xml:28017 msgid "" "Jail names in jail_list should contain alphanumeric " "characters only." @@ -40007,7 +40592,7 @@ msgstr "在 jail_list 中的 Jail 名稱只允許使用英數字元。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28006 +#: book.translate.xml:28023 msgid "" "For each jail listed in jail_list, a group of " "rc.conf5 設定來描述指定的 Jail：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28010 +#: book.translate.xml:28027 #, no-wrap msgid "" "jail_www_rootdir=\"/usr/jail/www\" # jail's root directory\n" @@ -40029,7 +40614,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28015 +#: book.translate.xml:28032 msgid "" "The default startup of jails configured in rc." "conf5, will run the " @@ -40046,7 +40631,7 @@ "修改預設啟動的指令。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:28024 +#: book.translate.xml:28041 msgid "" "For a full list of available options, please see the " "rc.conf55 操作手冊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28030 +#: book.translate.xml:28047 msgid "" "service8 can be used to start or stop a jail by hand, if an " @@ -40067,7 +40652,7 @@ "manvolnum> 來啟動或停止 Jail：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28034 +#: book.translate.xml:28051 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service jail start www\n" @@ -40075,7 +40660,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28037 +#: book.translate.xml:28054 msgid "" "Jails can be shut down with jexec8. Use " @@ -40092,7 +40677,7 @@ "citerefentry> 在該 Jail 中執行關機 Script。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28041 +#: book.translate.xml:28058 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# jls\n" @@ -40102,7 +40687,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28046 +#: book.translate.xml:28063 msgid "" "More information about this can be found in the " "jail88 操作手冊取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:28051 +#: book.translate.xml:28068 msgid "Fine Tuning and Administration" msgstr "調校與管理" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28053 +#: book.translate.xml:28070 msgid "" "There are several options which can be set for any jail, and various ways of " "combining a host FreeBSD system with jails, to produce higher level " @@ -40127,7 +40712,7 @@ "的方法來提供更高層級的應用程式使用。 本節將介紹：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28060 +#: book.translate.xml:28077 msgid "" "Some of the options available for tuning the behavior and security " "restrictions implemented by a jail installation." @@ -40134,7 +40719,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28066 +#: book.translate.xml:28083 msgid "" "Some of the high-level applications for jail management, which are available " "through the FreeBSD Ports Collection, and can be used to implement overall " @@ -40142,12 +40727,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28074 +#: book.translate.xml:28091 msgid "System Tools for Jail Tuning in FreeBSD" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 中調校 Jail 的系統工具" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28076 +#: book.translate.xml:28093 msgid "" "Fine tuning of a jail's configuration is mostly done by setting " "sysctl8security.jail.set_hostname_allowed: 1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28093 +#: book.translate.xml:28110 msgid "security.jail.socket_unixiproute_only: 1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28098 +#: book.translate.xml:28115 msgid "security.jail.sysvipc_allowed: 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28103 +#: book.translate.xml:28120 msgid "security.jail.enforce_statfs: 2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28108 +#: book.translate.xml:28125 msgid "security.jail.allow_raw_sockets: 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28113 +#: book.translate.xml:28130 msgid "security.jail.chflags_allowed: 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28118 +#: book.translate.xml:28135 msgid "security.jail.jailed: 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28122 +#: book.translate.xml:28139 msgid "" "These variables can be used by the system administrator of the " "host system to add or remove some of the limitations " @@ -40215,7 +40800,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28134 +#: book.translate.xml:28151 msgid "" "The base system of FreeBSD contains a basic set of tools for viewing " "information about the active jails, and attaching to a jail to run " @@ -40227,7 +40812,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28142 +#: book.translate.xml:28159 msgid "" "Print a list of active jails and their corresponding jail identifier " "(JID), IP address, hostname and path." @@ -40234,7 +40819,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28148 +#: book.translate.xml:28165 msgid "" "Attach to a running jail, from its host system, and run a command inside the " "jail or perform administrative tasks inside the jail itself. This is " @@ -40246,18 +40831,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28156 +#: book.translate.xml:28173 #, no-wrap msgid "# jexec 1 tcsh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28162 +#: book.translate.xml:28179 msgid "High-Level Administrative Tools in the FreeBSD Ports Collection" msgstr "在 FreeBSD Port 套件集中的高層級管理工具" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28165 +#: book.translate.xml:28182 msgid "" "Among the many third-party utilities for jail administration, one of the " "most complete and useful is sysutils/ezjail. It is a set " @@ -40269,12 +40854,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28175 +#: book.translate.xml:28192 msgid "Keeping Jails Patched and up to Date" msgstr "持續 Jail 的修補與更新" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28177 +#: book.translate.xml:28194 msgid "" "Jails should be kept up to date from the host operating system as attempting " "to patch userland from within the jail may likely fail as the default " @@ -40288,7 +40873,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28186 +#: book.translate.xml:28203 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# freebsd-update -b /here/is/the/jail fetch\n" @@ -40296,12 +40881,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:28193 +#: book.translate.xml:28210 msgid "Updating Multiple Jails" msgstr "更新多個 Jail" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:28196 book.translate.xml:34491 book.translate.xml:34826 +#: book.translate.xml:28213 book.translate.xml:34508 book.translate.xml:34843 msgid "" " Daniel Gerzo Contributed by " @@ -40308,7 +40893,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:28205 +#: book.translate.xml:28222 msgid "" " Simon L. B. Nielsen Based upon an idea presented by " @@ -40315,7 +40900,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:28214 +#: book.translate.xml:28231 msgid "" " Ken Tom " "And an article written by " @@ -40322,7 +40907,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28224 +#: book.translate.xml:28241 msgid "" "The management of multiple jails can become problematic because every jail " "has to be rebuilt from scratch whenever it is upgraded. This can be time " @@ -40330,7 +40915,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28229 +#: book.translate.xml:28246 msgid "" "This section demonstrates one method to resolve this issue by safely sharing " "as much as is possible between jails using read-only " @@ -40342,7 +40927,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:28239 +#: book.translate.xml:28256 msgid "" "Simpler solutions exist, such as ezjail, which " "provides an easier method of administering FreeBSD jails but is less " @@ -40351,12 +40936,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28246 +#: book.translate.xml:28263 msgid "The goals of the setup described in this section are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28250 +#: book.translate.xml:28267 msgid "" "Create a simple and easy to understand jail structure that does not require " "running a full installworld on each and every jail." @@ -40363,22 +40948,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28256 +#: book.translate.xml:28273 msgid "Make it easy to add new jails or remove existing ones." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28261 +#: book.translate.xml:28278 msgid "Make it easy to update or upgrade existing jails." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28265 +#: book.translate.xml:28282 msgid "Make it possible to run a customized FreeBSD branch." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28269 +#: book.translate.xml:28286 msgid "" "Be paranoid about security, reducing as much as possible the possibility of " "compromise." @@ -40385,12 +40970,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28274 +#: book.translate.xml:28291 msgid "Save space and inodes, as much as possible." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28278 +#: book.translate.xml:28295 msgid "" "This design relies on a single, read-only master template which is mounted " "into each jail and one read-write device per jail. A device can be a " @@ -40399,23 +40984,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28284 +#: book.translate.xml:28301 msgid "The file system layout is as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28288 +#: book.translate.xml:28305 msgid "The jails are based under the /home partition." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28293 +#: book.translate.xml:28310 msgid "" "Each jail will be mounted under the /home/j directory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28298 +#: book.translate.xml:28315 msgid "" "The template for each jail and the read-only partition for all of the jails " "is /home/j/mroot." @@ -40422,7 +41007,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28304 +#: book.translate.xml:28321 msgid "" "A blank directory will be created for each jail under the /home/j directory." @@ -40429,7 +41014,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28309 +#: book.translate.xml:28326 msgid "" "Each jail will have a /s directory that will be linked " "to the read-write portion of the system." @@ -40436,7 +41021,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28315 +#: book.translate.xml:28332 msgid "" "Each jail will have its own read-write system that is based upon /" "home/j/skel." @@ -40443,7 +41028,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28320 +#: book.translate.xml:28337 msgid "" "The read-write portion of each jail will be created in /home/js." @@ -40450,17 +41035,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28328 +#: book.translate.xml:28345 msgid "Creating the Template" msgstr "建立範本" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28330 +#: book.translate.xml:28347 msgid "This section describes the steps needed to create the master template." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28333 +#: book.translate.xml:28350 msgid "" "It is recommended to first update the host FreeBSD system to the latest -" "RELEASE branch using the instructions in . " @@ -40470,7 +41055,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28341 +#: book.translate.xml:28358 msgid "" "First, create a directory structure for the read-only file system which will " "contain the FreeBSD binaries for the jails. Then, change directory to the " @@ -40479,7 +41064,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28347 +#: book.translate.xml:28364 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /home/j /home/j/mroot\n" @@ -40488,7 +41073,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28353 +#: book.translate.xml:28370 msgid "" "Next, prepare a FreeBSD Ports Collection for the jails as well as a FreeBSD " "source tree, which is required for mergemaster:" @@ -40495,7 +41080,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28357 +#: book.translate.xml:28374 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /home/j/mroot\n" @@ -40505,12 +41090,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28364 +#: book.translate.xml:28381 msgid "Create a skeleton for the read-write portion of the system:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28367 +#: book.translate.xml:28384 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /home/j/skel /home/j/skel/home /home/j/skel/usr-X11R6 /home/j/skel/distfiles\n" @@ -40522,7 +41107,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28376 +#: book.translate.xml:28393 msgid "" "Use mergemaster to install missing configuration " "files. Then, remove the extra directories that mergemaster# mergemaster -t /home/j/skel/var/tmp/temproot -D /home/j/skel -i\n" @@ -40539,7 +41124,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28387 +#: book.translate.xml:28404 msgid "" "Now, symlink the read-write file system to the read-only file system. Ensure " "that the symlinks are created in the correct s/ " @@ -40548,7 +41133,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28393 +#: book.translate.xml:28410 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /home/j/mroot\n" @@ -40564,7 +41149,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28406 +#: book.translate.xml:28423 msgid "" "As a last step, create a generic /home/j/skel/etc/make.conf containing this line:" @@ -40571,13 +41156,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28410 +#: book.translate.xml:28427 #, no-wrap msgid "WRKDIRPREFIX?= /s/portbuild" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28412 +#: book.translate.xml:28429 msgid "" "This makes it possible to compile FreeBSD ports inside each jail. Remember " "that the ports directory is part of the read-only system. The custom path " @@ -40586,12 +41171,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28422 +#: book.translate.xml:28439 msgid "Creating Jails" msgstr "建立 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28424 +#: book.translate.xml:28441 msgid "" "The jail template can now be used to setup and configure the jails in " "/etc/rc.conf. This example demonstrates the creation of " @@ -40600,7 +41185,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28431 +#: book.translate.xml:28448 msgid "" "Add the following lines to /etc/fstab, so that the read-" "only template for the jails and the read-write space will be available in " @@ -40608,7 +41193,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28436 +#: book.translate.xml:28453 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/home/j/mroot /home/j/ns nullfs ro 0 0\n" @@ -40620,7 +41205,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28443 +#: book.translate.xml:28460 msgid "" "To prevent fsck from checking " "nullfs mounts during boot and dump/etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28455 +#: book.translate.xml:28472 #, no-wrap msgid "" "jail_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -40655,7 +41240,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28471 +#: book.translate.xml:28488 msgid "" "The jail_name_rootdir variable " "is set to /usr/home instead of /home# mkdir /home/j/ns /home/j/mail /home/j/www" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28492 +#: book.translate.xml:28509 msgid "" "Install the read-write template into each jail using sysutils/" "cpdup:" @@ -40686,7 +41271,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28499 +#: book.translate.xml:28516 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /home/js\n" @@ -40696,7 +41281,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28506 +#: book.translate.xml:28523 msgid "" "In this phase, the jails are built and prepared to run. First, mount the " "required file systems for each jail, and then start them:" @@ -40703,7 +41288,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28510 book.translate.xml:28619 +#: book.translate.xml:28527 book.translate.xml:28636 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mount -a\n" @@ -40711,7 +41296,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28515 +#: book.translate.xml:28532 msgid "" "The jails should be running now. To check if they have started correctly, " "use jls. Its output should be similar to the following:" @@ -40718,7 +41303,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28519 +#: book.translate.xml:28536 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# jls\n" @@ -40729,7 +41314,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28525 +#: book.translate.xml:28542 msgid "" "At this point, it should be possible to log onto each jail, add new users, " "or configure daemons. The JID column indicates the jail " @@ -40739,18 +41324,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28532 +#: book.translate.xml:28549 #, no-wrap msgid "# jexec 3 tcsh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28536 +#: book.translate.xml:28553 msgid "Upgrading" msgstr "升級" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28538 +#: book.translate.xml:28555 msgid "" "The design of this setup provides an easy way to upgrade existing jails " "while minimizing their downtime. Also, it provides a way to roll back to the " @@ -40758,7 +41343,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28545 +#: book.translate.xml:28562 msgid "" "The first step is to upgrade the host system. Then, create a new temporary " "read-only template in /home/j/mroot2." @@ -40765,7 +41350,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28549 +#: book.translate.xml:28566 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /home/j/mroot2\n" @@ -40777,13 +41362,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:28556 book.translate.xml:28767 book.translate.xml:45308 -#: book.translate.xml:45312 book.translate.xml:45458 book.translate.xml:45494 +#: book.translate.xml:28573 book.translate.xml:28784 book.translate.xml:45304 +#: book.translate.xml:45308 book.translate.xml:45454 book.translate.xml:45490 msgid "installworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28556 +#: book.translate.xml:28573 msgid "" "The <_:buildtarget-1/> creates a few unnecessary directories, which should " "be removed:" @@ -40790,7 +41375,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28560 +#: book.translate.xml:28577 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chflags -R 0 var\n" @@ -40798,12 +41383,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28565 +#: book.translate.xml:28582 msgid "Recreate the read-write symlinks for the master file system:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28568 +#: book.translate.xml:28585 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ln -s s/etc etc\n" @@ -40816,18 +41401,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28578 +#: book.translate.xml:28595 msgid "Next, stop the jails:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28580 +#: book.translate.xml:28597 #, no-wrap msgid "# service jail stop" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28584 +#: book.translate.xml:28601 msgid "" "Unmount the original file systems as the read-write systems are attached to " "the read-only system (/s):" @@ -40834,7 +41419,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28591 +#: book.translate.xml:28608 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# umount /home/j/ns/s\n" @@ -40846,7 +41431,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28600 +#: book.translate.xml:28617 msgid "" "Move the old read-only file system and replace it with the new one. This " "will serve as a backup and archive of the old read-only file system should " @@ -40856,7 +41441,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28608 +#: book.translate.xml:28625 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /home/j\n" @@ -40866,7 +41451,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28615 +#: book.translate.xml:28632 msgid "" "At this point the new read-only template is ready, so the only remaining " "task is to remount the file systems and start the jails:" @@ -40873,7 +41458,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28624 +#: book.translate.xml:28641 msgid "" "Use jls to check if the jails started correctly. Run " "mergemaster in each jail to update the configuration " @@ -40881,12 +41466,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:28632 +#: book.translate.xml:28649 msgid "Managing Jails with ezjail" msgstr "使用 ezjail 管理 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28645 +#: book.translate.xml:28662 msgid "" "Creating and managing multiple jails can quickly become tedious and error-" "prone. Dirk Engling's ezjail automates and " @@ -40900,7 +41485,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28656 +#: book.translate.xml:28673 msgid "" "Additional benefits and features are described in detail on the " "ezjail web site, ezjail" msgstr "安裝 ezjail" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28662 +#: book.translate.xml:28679 msgid "" "Installing ezjail consists of adding a loopback " "interface for use in jails, installing the port or package, and enabling the " @@ -40921,7 +41506,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28668 +#: book.translate.xml:28685 msgid "" "To keep jail loopback traffic off the host's loopback network interface " "lo0, a second loopback interface is created by adding an " @@ -40930,13 +41515,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28673 book.translate.xml:29162 +#: book.translate.xml:28690 book.translate.xml:29179 #, no-wrap msgid "cloned_interfaces=\"lo1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28675 +#: book.translate.xml:28692 msgid "" "The second loopback interface lo1 will be created when " "the system starts. It can also be created manually without a restart:" @@ -40944,7 +41529,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/screen #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28679 book.translate.xml:29166 +#: book.translate.xml:28696 book.translate.xml:29183 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service netif cloneup\n" @@ -40952,7 +41537,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28682 +#: book.translate.xml:28699 msgid "" "Jails can be allowed to use aliases of this secondary loopback interface " "without interfering with the host." @@ -40959,7 +41544,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28686 +#: book.translate.xml:28703 msgid "" "Inside a jail, access to the loopback address 127.0.0.1 is redirected to the first IP " @@ -40970,7 +41555,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28695 +#: book.translate.xml:28712 msgid "" "Give each jail a unique loopback address in the 127.0.0.0/8 " @@ -40978,12 +41563,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28700 +#: book.translate.xml:28717 msgid "Install sysutils/ezjail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28703 +#: book.translate.xml:28720 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/ezjail\n" @@ -40991,7 +41576,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28708 +#: book.translate.xml:28725 msgid "" "Enable ezjail by adding this line to /" "etc/rc.conf:" @@ -40998,13 +41583,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28711 +#: book.translate.xml:28728 #, no-wrap msgid "ezjail_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28715 +#: book.translate.xml:28732 msgid "" "The service will automatically start on system boot. It can be started " "immediately for the current session:" @@ -41011,13 +41596,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28719 +#: book.translate.xml:28736 #, no-wrap msgid "# service ezjail start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28727 +#: book.translate.xml:28744 msgid "" "With ezjail installed, the basejail directory " "structure can be created and populated. This step is only needed once on the " @@ -41025,7 +41610,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28732 +#: book.translate.xml:28749 msgid "" "In both of these examples, causes the ports tree to be " "retrieved with portsnapinstall. For example, on a host computer " @@ -41052,23 +41637,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28753 +#: book.translate.xml:28770 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin install -p" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28757 +#: book.translate.xml:28774 msgid "To Populate the Jail with installworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:28761 book.translate.xml:45456 +#: book.translate.xml:28778 book.translate.xml:45452 msgid "buildworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28760 +#: book.translate.xml:28777 msgid "" "The basejail can be installed from binaries created by <_:buildtarget-1/> on " "the host with ezjail-admin update." @@ -41075,7 +41660,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28765 +#: book.translate.xml:28782 msgid "" "In this example, FreeBSD 10-STABLE has been built from source. The jail " "directories are created. Then <_:buildtarget-1/> is executed, installing the " @@ -41083,13 +41668,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28772 +#: book.translate.xml:28789 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin update -i -p" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28774 +#: book.translate.xml:28791 msgid "" "The host's /usr/src is used by default. A different " "source directory on the host can be specified with and a " @@ -41098,7 +41683,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28785 +#: book.translate.xml:28802 msgid "" "The basejail's ports tree is shared by other jails. However, downloaded " "distfiles are stored in the jail that downloaded them. By default, these " @@ -41108,7 +41693,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28794 +#: book.translate.xml:28811 msgid "" "The FTP protocol is used by default to download packages " "for the installation of the basejail. Firewall or proxy configurations can " @@ -41120,23 +41705,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28803 +#: book.translate.xml:28820 #, no-wrap msgid "ezjail_ftphost=http://ftp.FreeBSD.org" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28805 +#: book.translate.xml:28822 msgid "See for a list of sites." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28811 +#: book.translate.xml:28828 msgid "Creating and Starting a New Jail" msgstr "建立並啟動新的 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28813 +#: book.translate.xml:28830 msgid "" "New jails are created with ezjail-admin create. In these " "examples, the lo1 loopback interface is used as described " @@ -41144,12 +41729,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:28819 +#: book.translate.xml:28836 msgid "Create and Start a New Jail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28822 +#: book.translate.xml:28839 msgid "" "Create the jail, specifying a name and the loopback and network interfaces " "to use, along with their IP addresses. In this example, " @@ -41157,13 +41742,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28827 +#: book.translate.xml:28844 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin create dnsjail 'lo1|127.0.1.1,em0|192.168.1.50'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28830 +#: book.translate.xml:28847 msgid "" "Most network services run in jails without problems. A few network services, " "most notably ping8pingjailname_parameters=\"allow.raw_sockets=1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28850 +#: book.translate.xml:28867 msgid "" "Do not enable raw network sockets unless services in the jail actually " "require them." @@ -41199,29 +41784,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28856 +#: book.translate.xml:28873 msgid "Start the jail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28858 +#: book.translate.xml:28875 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin start dnsjail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28862 +#: book.translate.xml:28879 msgid "Use a console on the jail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28864 +#: book.translate.xml:28881 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin console dnsjail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28868 +#: book.translate.xml:28885 msgid "" "The jail is operating and additional configuration can be completed. Typical " "settings added at this point include:" @@ -41228,12 +41813,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28874 +#: book.translate.xml:28891 msgid "Set the root Password" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28878 +#: book.translate.xml:28895 msgid "" "Connect to the jail and set the root user's password:" @@ -41240,7 +41825,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28882 +#: book.translate.xml:28899 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ezjail-admin console dnsjail\n" @@ -41251,12 +41836,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28890 +#: book.translate.xml:28907 msgid "Time Zone Configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28892 +#: book.translate.xml:28909 msgid "" "The jail's time zone can be set with tzsetup8. To avoid spurious " @@ -41268,12 +41853,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28901 +#: book.translate.xml:28918 msgid "DNS Servers" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28903 +#: book.translate.xml:28920 msgid "" "Enter domain name server lines in /etc/resolv.conf so " "DNS works in the jail." @@ -41280,12 +41865,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28909 +#: book.translate.xml:28926 msgid "Edit /etc/hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28911 +#: book.translate.xml:28928 msgid "" "Change the address and add the jail name to the localhost " "entries in /etc/hosts." @@ -41292,12 +41877,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28917 +#: book.translate.xml:28934 msgid "Configure /etc/rc.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28919 +#: book.translate.xml:28936 msgid "" "Enter configuration settings in /etc/rc.conf. This is " "much like configuring a full computer. The host name and IP# ezjail-admin update -b" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28958 +#: book.translate.xml:28975 msgid "" "If the world has already been compiled on the host, install it in the " "basejail with:" @@ -41361,13 +41946,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28961 +#: book.translate.xml:28978 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin update -i" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28963 +#: book.translate.xml:28980 msgid "" "Binary updates use freebsd-update8. These updates have " @@ -41378,7 +41963,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28969 +#: book.translate.xml:28986 msgid "" "Update the basejail to the latest patched release of the version of FreeBSD " "on the host. For example, updating from RELEASE-p1 to RELEASE-p2." @@ -41385,13 +41970,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28973 +#: book.translate.xml:28990 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin update -u" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28975 +#: book.translate.xml:28992 msgid "" "To upgrade the basejail to a new version, first upgrade the host system as " "described in . Once the host has " @@ -41405,7 +41990,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28983 +#: book.translate.xml:29000 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# file /usr/jails/basejail/bin/sh\n" @@ -41413,7 +41998,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28986 +#: book.translate.xml:29003 msgid "" "Now use this information to perform the upgrade from 9.3-RELEASE to the current version of the host system:" @@ -41420,13 +42005,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28990 +#: book.translate.xml:29007 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin update -U -s 9.3-RELEASE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28992 +#: book.translate.xml:29009 msgid "" "After updating the basejail, mergemaster8 must be run to update " @@ -41434,7 +42019,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28995 +#: book.translate.xml:29012 msgid "" "How to use mergemaster8 depends on the purpose " @@ -41445,7 +42030,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:29001 +#: book.translate.xml:29018 msgid "" "mergemaster8 on Untrusted Jail" @@ -41454,7 +42039,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29003 +#: book.translate.xml:29020 msgid "" "Delete the link from the jail's /usr/src into the " "basejail and create a new /usr/src in the jail as a " @@ -41463,7 +42048,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29010 +#: book.translate.xml:29027 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# rm /usr/jails/jailname/usr/src\n" @@ -41472,18 +42057,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29014 +#: book.translate.xml:29031 msgid "Get a console in the jail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29016 +#: book.translate.xml:29033 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin console jailname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29018 +#: book.translate.xml:29035 msgid "" "Inside the jail, run mergemaster. Then exit the jail " "console:" @@ -41490,7 +42075,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29021 +#: book.translate.xml:29038 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -41499,18 +42084,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29025 +#: book.translate.xml:29042 msgid "Finally, unmount the jail's /usr/src:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29028 +#: book.translate.xml:29045 #, no-wrap msgid "# umount /usr/jails/jailname/usr/src" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:29033 +#: book.translate.xml:29050 msgid "" "mergemaster8 on Trusted Jail" @@ -41519,7 +42104,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29035 +#: book.translate.xml:29052 msgid "" "If the users and services in a jail are trusted, " "mergemaster8# mergemaster -U -D /usr/jails/jailname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:29043 +#: book.translate.xml:29060 msgid "Updating Ports" msgstr "更新 Port" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29045 +#: book.translate.xml:29062 msgid "" "The ports tree in the basejail is shared by the other jails. Updating that " "copy of the ports tree gives the other jails the updated version also." @@ -41545,7 +42130,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29049 +#: book.translate.xml:29066 msgid "" "The basejail ports tree is updated with " "portsnap8# ezjail-admin update -P" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:29057 +#: book.translate.xml:29074 msgid "Controlling Jails" msgstr "控制 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:29060 +#: book.translate.xml:29077 msgid "Stopping and Starting Jails" msgstr "停止與啟動 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29062 +#: book.translate.xml:29079 msgid "" "ezjail automatically starts jails when the " "computer is started. Jails can be manually stopped and restarted with " @@ -41577,7 +42162,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29067 +#: book.translate.xml:29084 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ezjail-admin stop sambajail\n" @@ -41585,7 +42170,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29070 +#: book.translate.xml:29087 msgid "" "By default, jails are started automatically when the host computer starts. " "Autostarting can be disabled with config:" @@ -41592,13 +42177,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29074 +#: book.translate.xml:29091 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin config -r norun seldomjail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29076 +#: book.translate.xml:29093 msgid "" "This takes effect the next time the host computer is started. A jail that is " "already running will not be stopped." @@ -41605,23 +42190,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29080 +#: book.translate.xml:29097 msgid "Enabling autostart is very similar:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29082 +#: book.translate.xml:29099 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin config -r run oftenjail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:29086 +#: book.translate.xml:29103 msgid "Archiving and Restoring Jails" msgstr "封存與還原 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29088 +#: book.translate.xml:29105 msgid "" "Use archive to create a .tar.gz " "archive of a jail. The file name is composed from the name of the jail and " @@ -41632,7 +42217,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29097 +#: book.translate.xml:29114 msgid "" "The archive file can be copied elsewhere as a backup, or an existing jail " "can be restored from it with restore. A new jail can be " @@ -41640,12 +42225,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29103 +#: book.translate.xml:29120 msgid "Stop and archive a jail named wwwserver:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29106 +#: book.translate.xml:29123 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ezjail-admin stop wwwserver\n" @@ -41656,7 +42241,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29112 +#: book.translate.xml:29129 msgid "" "Create a new jail named wwwserver-clone from the archive " "created in the previous step. Use the em1 interface and " @@ -41665,18 +42250,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29118 +#: book.translate.xml:29135 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin create -a /usr/jails/ezjail_archives/wwwserver-201407271153.13.tar.gz wwwserver-clone 'lo1|127.0.3.1,em1|192.168.1.51'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:29123 +#: book.translate.xml:29140 msgid "Full Example: BIND in a Jail" msgstr "完整範例：在 Jail 中安裝 BIND" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:29126 +#: book.translate.xml:29143 msgid "" "Putting the BIND DNS server in " "a jail improves security by isolating it. This example creates a simple " @@ -41684,12 +42269,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29133 +#: book.translate.xml:29150 msgid "The jail will be called dns1." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29138 +#: book.translate.xml:29155 msgid "" "The jail will use IP address 192.168.1.240 on the host's re0 interface." @@ -41696,7 +42281,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29144 +#: book.translate.xml:29161 msgid "" "The upstream ISP's DNS servers are at 10.0.0.62 and 10.0.0.61." @@ -41703,7 +42288,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29150 +#: book.translate.xml:29167 msgid "" "The basejail has already been created and a ports tree installed as shown in " "." @@ -41710,12 +42295,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:29157 +#: book.translate.xml:29174 msgid "Running BIND in a Jail" msgstr "在 Jail 中執行 BIND" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29159 +#: book.translate.xml:29176 msgid "" "Create a cloned loopback interface by adding a line to /etc/rc." "conf:" @@ -41722,23 +42307,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29164 +#: book.translate.xml:29181 msgid "Immediately create the new loopback interface:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29169 +#: book.translate.xml:29186 msgid "Create the jail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29171 +#: book.translate.xml:29188 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin create dns1 'lo1|127.0.2.1,re0|192.168.1.240'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29173 +#: book.translate.xml:29190 msgid "" "Start the jail, connect to a console running on it, and perform some basic " "configuration:" @@ -41745,7 +42330,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29176 +#: book.translate.xml:29193 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ezjail-admin start dns1\n" @@ -41760,7 +42345,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29186 +#: book.translate.xml:29203 msgid "" "Temporarily set the upstream DNS servers in /" "etc/resolv.conf so ports can be downloaded:" @@ -41767,7 +42352,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29190 +#: book.translate.xml:29207 #, no-wrap msgid "" "nameserver 10.0.0.62\n" @@ -41775,7 +42360,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29193 +#: book.translate.xml:29210 msgid "" "Still using the jail console, install dns/bind99." @@ -41782,13 +42367,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29196 +#: book.translate.xml:29213 #, no-wrap msgid "# make -C /usr/ports/dns/bind99 install clean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29198 +#: book.translate.xml:29215 msgid "" "Configure the name server by editing /usr/local/etc/namedb/named." "conf." @@ -41795,7 +42380,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29201 +#: book.translate.xml:29218 msgid "" "Create an Access Control List (ACL) of addresses and " "networks that are permitted to send DNS queries to this " @@ -41804,7 +42389,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29207 +#: book.translate.xml:29224 #, no-wrap msgid "" "...\n" @@ -41821,7 +42406,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29219 +#: book.translate.xml:29236 msgid "" "Use the jail IP address in the listen-on setting to accept DNS queries from other " @@ -41829,13 +42414,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29224 +#: book.translate.xml:29241 #, no-wrap msgid "\tlisten-on\t{ 192.168.1.240; };" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29226 +#: book.translate.xml:29243 msgid "" "A simple caching-only DNS name server is created by " "changing the forwarders section. The original file " @@ -41843,7 +42428,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29230 +#: book.translate.xml:29247 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/*\n" @@ -41854,7 +42439,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29236 +#: book.translate.xml:29253 msgid "" "Uncomment the section by removing the /* and */ lines. Enter the IP addresses of the upstream " @@ -41864,7 +42449,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29244 +#: book.translate.xml:29261 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\tforwarders {\n" @@ -41878,24 +42463,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29253 +#: book.translate.xml:29270 msgid "Enable the service in /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29256 book.translate.xml:55521 +#: book.translate.xml:29273 book.translate.xml:55517 #, no-wrap msgid "named_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29258 +#: book.translate.xml:29275 msgid "Start and test the name server:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29260 +#: book.translate.xml:29277 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service named start\n" @@ -41905,18 +42490,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29265 +#: book.translate.xml:29282 msgid "A response that includes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29267 +#: book.translate.xml:29284 #, no-wrap msgid ";; Got answer;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29269 +#: book.translate.xml:29286 msgid "" "shows that the new DNS server is working. A long delay " "followed by a response including" @@ -41923,13 +42508,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29273 +#: book.translate.xml:29290 #, no-wrap msgid ";; connection timed out; no servers could be reached" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29275 +#: book.translate.xml:29292 msgid "" "shows a problem. Check the configuration settings and make sure any local " "firewalls allow the new DNS access to the upstream " @@ -41937,7 +42522,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29280 +#: book.translate.xml:29297 msgid "" "The new DNS server can use itself for local name " "resolution, just like other local computers. Set the address of the " @@ -41946,13 +42531,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29286 +#: book.translate.xml:29303 #, no-wrap msgid "nameserver 192.168.1.240" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29288 +#: book.translate.xml:29305 msgid "" "A local DHCP server can be configured to provide this " "address for a local DNS server, providing automatic " @@ -41961,22 +42546,22 @@ #. (itstool) path: info/title #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm -#: book.translate.xml:29304 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:29321 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Mandatory Access Control" msgstr "強制存取控制 (MAC)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:29315 +#: book.translate.xml:29332 msgid "MAC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:29316 +#: book.translate.xml:29333 msgid "Mandatory Access Control MAC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29321 +#: book.translate.xml:29338 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports security extensions based on the POSIX.1e draft. These security mechanisms include " @@ -41993,7 +42578,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29336 +#: book.translate.xml:29353 msgid "" "This chapter focuses on the MAC framework and the set of " "pluggable security policy modules FreeBSD provides for enabling various " @@ -42001,12 +42586,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29344 +#: book.translate.xml:29361 msgid "The terminology associated with the MAC framework." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29349 +#: book.translate.xml:29366 msgid "" "The capabilities of MAC security policy modules as well " "as the difference between a labeled and non-labeled policy." @@ -42013,7 +42598,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29355 +#: book.translate.xml:29372 msgid "" "The considerations to take into account before configuring a system to use " "the MAC framework." @@ -42020,7 +42605,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29360 +#: book.translate.xml:29377 msgid "" "Which MAC security policy modules are included in FreeBSD " "and how to configure them." @@ -42027,7 +42612,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29365 +#: book.translate.xml:29382 msgid "" "How to implement a more secure environment using the MAC " "framework." @@ -42034,7 +42619,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29370 +#: book.translate.xml:29387 msgid "" "How to test the MAC configuration to ensure the framework " "has been properly implemented." @@ -42041,7 +42626,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29384 book.translate.xml:31137 book.translate.xml:46162 +#: book.translate.xml:29401 book.translate.xml:31154 book.translate.xml:46158 msgid "" "Have some familiarity with security and how it pertains to FreeBSD ()." @@ -42048,7 +42633,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:29390 +#: book.translate.xml:29407 msgid "" "Improper MAC configuration may cause loss of system " "access, aggravation of users, or inability to access the features provided " @@ -42060,7 +42645,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:29400 +#: book.translate.xml:29417 msgid "" "The examples contained within this chapter are for demonstration purposes " "and the example settings should not be implemented on a " @@ -42069,7 +42654,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29407 +#: book.translate.xml:29424 msgid "" "While this chapter covers a broad range of security issues relating to the " "MAC framework, the development of new MACMAC framework:" @@ -42097,7 +42682,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29427 +#: book.translate.xml:29444 msgid "" "compartment: a set of programs and data to be " "partitioned or separated, where users are given explicit access to specific " @@ -42107,7 +42692,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29437 +#: book.translate.xml:29454 msgid "" "integrity: the level of trust which can be placed on " "data. As the integrity of the data is elevated, so does the ability to trust " @@ -42115,7 +42700,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29443 +#: book.translate.xml:29460 msgid "" "level: the increased or decreased setting of a security " "attribute. As the level increases, its security is considered to elevate as " @@ -42123,7 +42708,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29449 +#: book.translate.xml:29466 msgid "" "label: a security attribute which can be applied to " "files, directories, or other items in the system. It could be considered a " @@ -42136,7 +42721,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29463 +#: book.translate.xml:29480 msgid "" "multilabel: this property is a file system option which " "can be set in single-user mode using tunefssingle label: a policy where the entire file system " "uses one label to enforce access control over the flow of data. Whenever " @@ -42158,7 +42743,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29481 +#: book.translate.xml:29498 msgid "" "object: an entity through which information flows under " "the direction of a subject. This includes directories, " @@ -42168,7 +42753,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29491 +#: book.translate.xml:29508 msgid "" "subject: any active entity that causes information to " "flow between objects such as a user, user process, or " @@ -42177,7 +42762,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29499 +#: book.translate.xml:29516 msgid "" "policy: a collection of rules which defines how " "objectives are to be achieved. A policy usually documents how certain items " @@ -42187,7 +42772,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29508 +#: book.translate.xml:29525 msgid "" "high-watermark: this type of policy permits the raising " "of security levels for the purpose of accessing higher level information. In " @@ -42197,7 +42782,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29517 +#: book.translate.xml:29534 msgid "" "low-watermark: this type of policy permits lowering " "security levels for the purpose of accessing information which is less " @@ -42208,7 +42793,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29526 +#: book.translate.xml:29543 msgid "" "sensitivity: usually used when discussing Multilevel " "Security (MLS). A sensitivity level describes how " @@ -42217,12 +42802,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:29537 +#: book.translate.xml:29554 msgid "Understanding MAC Labels" msgstr "了解 MAC 標籤" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29539 +#: book.translate.xml:29556 msgid "" "A MAC label is a security attribute which may be applied " "to subjects and objects throughout the system. When setting a label, the " @@ -42233,7 +42818,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29547 +#: book.translate.xml:29564 msgid "" "The security label on an object is used as a part of a security access " "control decision by a policy. With some policies, the label contains all of " @@ -42242,7 +42827,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29553 +#: book.translate.xml:29570 msgid "" "There are two types of label policies: single label and multi label. By " "default, the system will use single label. The administrator should be aware " @@ -42251,7 +42836,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29559 +#: book.translate.xml:29576 msgid "" "A single label security policy only permits one label to be used for every " "subject or object. Since a single label policy enforces one set of access " @@ -42262,7 +42847,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29567 +#: book.translate.xml:29584 msgid "" "A single label policy is somewhat similar to DAC as " "root configures the policies so " @@ -42274,7 +42859,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29576 +#: book.translate.xml:29593 msgid "" "When appropriate, a multi label policy can be set on a UFS file system by passing to " @@ -42289,7 +42874,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29588 +#: book.translate.xml:29605 msgid "" "Using a multi label policy on a partition and establishing a multi label " "security model can increase administrative overhead as everything in that " @@ -42298,7 +42883,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29593 +#: book.translate.xml:29610 msgid "" "The following command will set on the specified " "UFS file system. This may only be done in single-user " @@ -42306,13 +42891,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29598 +#: book.translate.xml:29615 #, no-wrap msgid "# tunefs -l enable /" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:29601 +#: book.translate.xml:29618 msgid "" "Some users have experienced problems with setting the entry specifies the maximum size for an audit " "trail before automatically terminating and rotating the trail file. A value " @@ -45199,7 +45784,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:31599 +#: book.translate.xml:31616 msgid "" "The field specifies when audit log files will " "expire and be removed." @@ -45206,12 +45791,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:31604 +#: book.translate.xml:31621 msgid "The audit_user File" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:31606 +#: book.translate.xml:31623 msgid "" "The administrator can specify further audit requirements for specific users " "in audit_user. Each line configures auditing for a user " @@ -45222,7 +45807,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:31614 +#: book.translate.xml:31631 msgid "" "The following example entries audit login/logout events and successful " "command execution for root and " @@ -45235,7 +45820,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31621 +#: book.translate.xml:31638 #, no-wrap msgid "" "root:lo,+ex:no\n" @@ -45243,12 +45828,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:31628 +#: book.translate.xml:31645 msgid "Working with Audit Trails" msgstr "查看稽查線索" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31630 +#: book.translate.xml:31647 msgid "" "Since audit trails are stored in the BSM binary format, " "several built-in tools are available to modify or convert these trails to " @@ -45260,7 +45845,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31640 +#: book.translate.xml:31657 msgid "" "For example, to dump the entire contents of a specified audit log in plain " "text:" @@ -45267,18 +45852,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31643 +#: book.translate.xml:31660 #, no-wrap msgid "# praudit /var/audit/AUDITFILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31645 +#: book.translate.xml:31662 msgid "Where AUDITFILE is the audit log to dump." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31648 +#: book.translate.xml:31665 msgid "" "Audit trails consist of a series of audit records made up of tokens, which " "praudit prints sequentially, one per line. Each token is " @@ -45288,7 +45873,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31656 +#: book.translate.xml:31673 #, no-wrap msgid "" "header,133,10,execve(2),0,Mon Sep 25 15:58:03 2006, + 384 msec\n" @@ -45301,7 +45886,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31664 +#: book.translate.xml:31681 msgid "" "This audit represents a successful execve call, in which " "the command finger doug has been run. The exec " @@ -45320,7 +45905,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31683 +#: book.translate.xml:31700 msgid "" "XML output format is also supported and can be selected " "by including ." @@ -45327,7 +45912,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31686 +#: book.translate.xml:31703 msgid "" "Since audit logs may be very large, a subset of records can be selected " "using auditreduce. This example selects all audit records " @@ -45336,13 +45921,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31692 +#: book.translate.xml:31709 #, no-wrap msgid "# auditreduce -u trhodes /var/audit/AUDITFILE | praudit" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31694 +#: book.translate.xml:31711 msgid "" "Members of the audit group have " "permission to read audit trails in /var/audit. By " @@ -45356,12 +45941,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:31704 +#: book.translate.xml:31721 msgid "Live Monitoring Using Audit Pipes" msgstr "使用 Audit Pipes 即時監視" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31706 +#: book.translate.xml:31723 msgid "" "Audit pipes are cloning pseudo-devices which allow applications to tap the " "live audit record stream. This is primarily of interest to authors of " @@ -45373,13 +45958,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31715 +#: book.translate.xml:31732 #, no-wrap msgid "# praudit /dev/auditpipe" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31717 +#: book.translate.xml:31734 msgid "" "By default, audit pipe device nodes are accessible only to the root user. To make them accessible to the " @@ -45388,13 +45973,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31723 +#: book.translate.xml:31740 #, no-wrap msgid "add path 'auditpipe*' mode 0440 group audit" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31725 +#: book.translate.xml:31742 msgid "" "See devfs.rules5 for more information on configuring the devfs file " @@ -45402,7 +45987,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:31729 +#: book.translate.xml:31746 msgid "" "It is easy to produce audit event feedback cycles, in which the viewing of " "each audit event results in the generation of more audit events. For " @@ -45415,12 +46000,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:31744 +#: book.translate.xml:31761 msgid "Rotating and Compressing Audit Trail Files" -msgstr "循環與壓縮 Audit Trail 檔" +msgstr "翻轉與壓縮 Audit Trail 檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31746 +#: book.translate.xml:31763 msgid "" "Audit trails are written to by the kernel and managed by the audit daemon, " "auditd8# audit -n" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31760 +#: book.translate.xml:31777 msgid "" "If auditd8 is not currently running, this command will fail " @@ -45449,7 +46034,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31763 +#: book.translate.xml:31780 msgid "" "Adding the following line to /etc/crontab will schedule " "this rotation every twelve hours:" @@ -45456,19 +46041,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31767 +#: book.translate.xml:31784 #, no-wrap msgid "0 */12 * * * root /usr/sbin/audit -n" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31769 +#: book.translate.xml:31786 msgid "" "The change will take effect once /etc/crontab is saved." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31772 +#: book.translate.xml:31789 msgid "" "Automatic rotation of the audit trail file based on file size is possible " "using in audit_control as " @@ -45476,7 +46061,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31776 +#: book.translate.xml:31793 msgid "" "As audit trail files can become very large, it is often desirable to " "compress or otherwise archive trails once they have been closed by the audit " @@ -45488,7 +46073,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31786 +#: book.translate.xml:31803 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#\n" @@ -45500,7 +46085,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31793 +#: book.translate.xml:31810 msgid "" "Other archiving activities might include copying trail files to a " "centralized server, deleting old trail files, or reducing the audit trail to " @@ -45510,12 +46095,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:31812 +#: book.translate.xml:31829 msgid "Storage" msgstr "儲存設備" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31817 +#: book.translate.xml:31834 msgid "" "This chapter covers the use of disks and storage media in FreeBSD. This " "includes SCSI and IDE disks, " @@ -45527,22 +46112,22 @@ "acronym> 媒體、記憶體磁碟及 USB 儲存裝置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31827 +#: book.translate.xml:31844 msgid "How to add additional hard disks to a FreeBSD system." msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 系統加入額外的硬碟。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31832 +#: book.translate.xml:31849 msgid "How to grow the size of a disk's partition on FreeBSD." msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 擴增磁碟分割區的大小。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31837 +#: book.translate.xml:31854 msgid "How to configure FreeBSD to use USB storage devices." msgstr "如何設定 FreeBSD 使用 USB 儲存裝置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31842 +#: book.translate.xml:31859 msgid "" "How to use CD and DVD media on a " "FreeBSD system." @@ -45551,37 +46136,37 @@ "體。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31847 +#: book.translate.xml:31864 msgid "How to use the backup programs available under FreeBSD." msgstr "如何使用在 FreeBSD 下可用的備份程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31852 +#: book.translate.xml:31869 msgid "How to set up memory disks." msgstr "如何設定記憶體磁碟。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31856 +#: book.translate.xml:31873 msgid "What file system snapshots are and how to use them efficiently." msgstr "什麼是檔案系統快照 (Snapshot) 以及如何有效使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31861 +#: book.translate.xml:31878 msgid "How to use quotas to limit disk space usage." msgstr "如何使用配額 (Quota) 來限制磁碟空間使用量。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31865 +#: book.translate.xml:31882 msgid "How to encrypt disks and swap to secure them against attackers." msgstr "如何加密磁碟及交換空間來防範攻擊者。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31870 +#: book.translate.xml:31887 msgid "How to configure a highly available storage network." msgstr "如何設定高可用性 (Highly available) 的儲存網路。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31879 +#: book.translate.xml:31896 msgid "" "Know how to configure and install a new " "FreeBSD kernel." @@ -45589,12 +46174,12 @@ "了解如何 設定並安裝新的 FreeBSD 核心。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:31887 +#: book.translate.xml:31904 msgid "Adding Disks" msgstr "加入磁碟" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:31890 +#: book.translate.xml:31907 msgid "" " David O'Brien Originally contributed by " @@ -45601,12 +46186,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:31900 +#: book.translate.xml:31917 msgid "disks adding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31905 +#: book.translate.xml:31922 msgid "" "This section describes how to add a new SATA disk to a " "machine that currently only has a single drive. First, turn off the computer " @@ -45619,7 +46204,7 @@ "重新啟動系統並登入 root。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31913 +#: book.translate.xml:31930 msgid "" "Inspect /var/run/dmesg.boot to ensure the new disk was " "found. In this example, the newly added SATA drive will " @@ -45630,12 +46215,12 @@ "碟。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:31919 book.translate.xml:32015 +#: book.translate.xml:31936 book.translate.xml:32032 msgid "gpart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31923 +#: book.translate.xml:31940 msgid "" "For this example, a single large partition will be created on the new disk. " "The " @@ -45647,7 +46232,7 @@ "分割表格式而非較舊與通用性較差的 MBR 結構。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:31930 +#: book.translate.xml:31947 msgid "" "If the disk to be added is not blank, old partition information can be " "removed with gpart delete. See " @@ -45659,7 +46244,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8 取得詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31936 +#: book.translate.xml:31953 msgid "" "The partition scheme is created, and then a single partition is added. To " "improve performance on newer disks with larger hardware block sizes, the " @@ -45669,7 +46254,7 @@ "塊大小 (Block size)，此分割區會對齊 1 MB 的邊界：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31941 +#: book.translate.xml:31958 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart create -s GPT ada1\n" @@ -45677,7 +46262,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31944 +#: book.translate.xml:31961 msgid "" "Depending on use, several smaller partitions may be desired. See " "gpart8 來取得建立較小分割區的選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31948 +#: book.translate.xml:31965 msgid "" "The disk partition information can be viewed with gpart show:" @@ -45695,7 +46280,7 @@ msgstr "磁碟分割區資訊可以使用 gpart show 檢視：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31951 +#: book.translate.xml:31968 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% gpart show ada1\n" @@ -45706,18 +46291,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31957 +#: book.translate.xml:31974 msgid "A file system is created in the new partition on the new disk:" msgstr "在新磁碟的新分割區上建立檔案系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31959 +#: book.translate.xml:31976 #, no-wrap msgid "# newfs -U /dev/ada1p1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31961 +#: book.translate.xml:31978 msgid "" "An empty directory is created as a mountpoint, a " "location for mounting the new disk in the original disk's file system:" @@ -45726,13 +46311,13 @@ "磁碟的檔案系統上可用來掛載新磁碟的位置：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31965 +#: book.translate.xml:31982 #, no-wrap msgid "# mkdir /newdisk" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31967 +#: book.translate.xml:31984 msgid "" "Finally, an entry is added to /etc/fstab so the new " "disk will be mounted automatically at startup:" @@ -45741,29 +46326,29 @@ "的磁碟：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31971 +#: book.translate.xml:31988 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/ada1p1\t/newdisk\tufs\trw\t2\t2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31973 +#: book.translate.xml:31990 msgid "The new disk can be mounted manually, without restarting the system:" msgstr "新的磁碟也可手動掛載，無須重新啟動系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31976 +#: book.translate.xml:31993 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount /newdisk" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:31981 +#: book.translate.xml:31998 msgid "Resizing and Growing Disks" msgstr "重設大小與擴增磁碟" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:31984 +#: book.translate.xml:32001 msgid "" " Allan Jude Originally contributed by " @@ -45770,12 +46355,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:31994 +#: book.translate.xml:32011 msgid "disks resizing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31999 +#: book.translate.xml:32016 msgid "" "A disk's capacity can increase without any changes to the data already " "present. This happens commonly with virtual machines, when the virtual disk " @@ -45790,7 +46375,7 @@ "emphasis> 磁碟內容來使用增加的容量。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32008 +#: book.translate.xml:32025 msgid "" "Determine the device name of the disk to be resized by inspecting /" "var/run/dmesg.boot. In this example, there is only one " @@ -45802,12 +46387,12 @@ "以 ada0 表示。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32019 +#: book.translate.xml:32036 msgid "List the partitions on the disk to see the current configuration:" msgstr "列出在磁碟上的分割區來查看目前的設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32022 +#: book.translate.xml:32039 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart show ada0\n" @@ -45819,7 +46404,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32030 +#: book.translate.xml:32047 msgid "" "If the disk was formatted with the GPT partitioning " @@ -45833,7 +46418,7 @@ "分割區已不存在於磁碟結尾。 使用 gpart 來修正備份分割區：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32038 +#: book.translate.xml:32055 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart recover ada0\n" @@ -45841,7 +46426,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32042 +#: book.translate.xml:32059 msgid "" "Now the additional space on the disk is available for use by a new " "partition, or an existing partition can be expanded:" @@ -45850,7 +46435,7 @@ "區：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32046 +#: book.translate.xml:32063 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart show ada0\n" @@ -45862,7 +46447,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32053 +#: book.translate.xml:32070 msgid "" "Partitions can only be resized into contiguous free space. Here, the last " "partition on the disk is the swap partition, but the second partition is the " @@ -45875,7 +46460,7 @@ "的資料，所以可以安全的卸載、刪除，然後在重設其他分割區大小之後再重建。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32060 +#: book.translate.xml:32077 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# swapoff /dev/ada0p3\n" @@ -45889,7 +46474,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:32070 +#: book.translate.xml:32087 msgid "" "There is risk of data loss when modifying the partition table of a mounted " "file system. It is best to perform the following steps on an unmounted file " @@ -45903,13 +46488,13 @@ "在掛載的檔案系統上修改分割區表：" #. (itstool) path: warning/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32078 +#: book.translate.xml:32095 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=16" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32081 +#: book.translate.xml:32098 msgid "" "Resize the partition, leaving room to recreate a swap partition of the " "desired size. This only modifies the size of the partition. The file system " @@ -45919,7 +46504,7 @@ "分割區中的檔案系統會在另一個步驟擴增。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32086 +#: book.translate.xml:32103 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart resize -i 2 -a 4k -s 47G ada0\n" @@ -45932,12 +46517,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32094 +#: book.translate.xml:32111 msgid "Recreate the swap partition:" msgstr "重新建立交換分割區：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32096 +#: book.translate.xml:32113 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart add -t freebsd-swap -a 4k ada0\n" @@ -45951,7 +46536,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32105 +#: book.translate.xml:32122 msgid "" "Grow the UFS file system to use the new capacity of the " "resized partition:" @@ -45958,7 +46543,7 @@ msgstr "擴增 UFS 檔案系統來使用重設分割區大小之後的新容量：" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32109 +#: book.translate.xml:32126 msgid "" "Growing a live UFS file system is only possible in " "FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE and later. For earlier versions, the file system must " @@ -45968,7 +46553,7 @@ "檔案系統，較先前的版本必須將檔案系統卸載。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32114 +#: book.translate.xml:32131 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# growfs /dev/ada0p2\n" @@ -45981,7 +46566,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32122 +#: book.translate.xml:32139 msgid "" "Both the partition and the file system on it have now been resized to use " "the newly-available disk space." @@ -45988,17 +46573,17 @@ msgstr "現在分割區與檔案系統已透過重設大小來使用新增加的磁碟空間。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:32128 +#: book.translate.xml:32145 msgid "USB Storage Devices" msgstr "USB 儲存裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32141 +#: book.translate.xml:32158 msgid "USB disks" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32146 +#: book.translate.xml:32163 msgid "" "Many external storage solutions, such as hard drives, USB " "thumbdrives, and CD and DVD burners, " @@ -46011,7 +46596,7 @@ "USB 1.x, 2.0 及 3.0 裝置的支援。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32153 +#: book.translate.xml:32170 msgid "" "USB 3.0 support is not compatible with some hardware, " "including Haswell (Lynx point) chipsets. If FreeBSD boots with a " @@ -46023,7 +46608,7 @@ "在系統 BIOS 關閉 xHCI/USB3。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32160 +#: book.translate.xml:32177 msgid "" "Support for USB storage devices is built into the " "GENERIC kernel. For a custom kernel, be sure that the " @@ -46033,7 +46618,7 @@ "filename> 核心，若為自訂的核心，請確定在核心設定檔中有下列幾行設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32165 +#: book.translate.xml:32182 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device scbus\t# SCSI bus (required for ATA/SCSI)\n" @@ -46049,7 +46634,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32176 +#: book.translate.xml:32193 msgid "" "FreeBSD uses the umass4 driver which uses the " @@ -46068,7 +46653,7 @@ "emphasis>在自訂核心設定檔中引用 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32186 +#: book.translate.xml:32203 msgid "" "The rest of this section demonstrates how to verify that a USB storage device is recognized by FreeBSD and how to configure the " @@ -46078,12 +46663,12 @@ "以及如何設定該裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32191 +#: book.translate.xml:32208 msgid "Device Configuration" msgstr "裝置設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32193 +#: book.translate.xml:32210 msgid "" "To test the USB configuration, plug in the USB device. Use dmesg to confirm that the drive " @@ -46094,7 +46679,7 @@ "如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32199 +#: book.translate.xml:32216 #, no-wrap msgid "" "umass0: <STECH Simple Drive, class 0/0, rev 2.00/1.04, addr 3> on usbus0\n" @@ -46109,7 +46694,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32209 +#: book.translate.xml:32226 msgid "" "The brand, device node (da0), speed, and size will " "differ according to the device." @@ -46117,7 +46702,7 @@ "不同的裝置會有不同的廠牌、裝置節點 (da0)、速度與大小。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32212 +#: book.translate.xml:32229 msgid "" "Since the USB device is seen as a SCSI " "one, camcontrol can be used to list the USB# camcontrol devlist\n" @@ -46136,7 +46721,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32220 +#: book.translate.xml:32237 msgid "" "Alternately, usbconfig can be used to list the device. " "Refer to usbconfig 來取得更多有關此指令的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32224 +#: book.translate.xml:32241 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# usbconfig\n" @@ -46156,7 +46741,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32227 +#: book.translate.xml:32244 msgid "" "If the device has not been formatted, refer to for instructions on how to format and create partitions on the " @@ -46170,7 +46755,7 @@ "\"mount-unmount\"/> 中的說明掛載磁碟。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:32234 +#: book.translate.xml:32251 msgid "" "Allowing untrusted users to mount arbitrary media, by enabling vfs." "usermount as described below, should not be considered safe from a " @@ -46182,7 +46767,7 @@ "裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32241 +#: book.translate.xml:32258 msgid "" "To make the device mountable as a normal user, one solution is to make all " "users of the device a member of the 能夠讀取與寫入裝置：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32248 +#: book.translate.xml:32265 #, no-wrap msgid "" "[localrules=5]\n" @@ -46208,7 +46793,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32252 +#: book.translate.xml:32269 msgid "" "If internal SCSI disks are also installed in the system, " "change the second line as follows:" @@ -46216,13 +46801,13 @@ "若系統也同時安裝了內建 SCSI 磁碟，請更改第二行如下：" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32256 +#: book.translate.xml:32273 #, no-wrap msgid "add path 'da[3-9]*' mode 0660 group operator" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32258 +#: book.translate.xml:32275 msgid "" "This will exclude the first three SCSI disks " "(da0 to da2)from belonging to the " @@ -46240,18 +46825,18 @@ "資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32266 +#: book.translate.xml:32283 msgid "Next, enable the ruleset in /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "接著，在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟規則：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32269 +#: book.translate.xml:32286 #, no-wrap msgid "devfs_system_ruleset=\"localrules\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32271 +#: book.translate.xml:32288 msgid "" "Then, instruct the system to allow regular users to mount file systems by " "adding the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:" @@ -46260,13 +46845,13 @@ "者掛載檔案系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32275 +#: book.translate.xml:32292 #, no-wrap msgid "vfs.usermount=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32277 +#: book.translate.xml:32294 msgid "" "Since this only takes effect after the next reboot, use sysctl to set this variable now:" @@ -46275,7 +46860,7 @@ "變數：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32280 +#: book.translate.xml:32297 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl vfs.usermount=1\n" @@ -46283,7 +46868,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32283 +#: book.translate.xml:32300 msgid "" "The final step is to create a directory where the file system is to be " "mounted. This directory needs to be owned by the user that is to mount the " @@ -46301,7 +46886,7 @@ "組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32293 +#: book.translate.xml:32310 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /mnt/username\n" @@ -46309,7 +46894,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32296 +#: book.translate.xml:32313 msgid "" "Suppose a USB thumbdrive is plugged in, and a device " "/dev/da0s1 appears. If the device is formatted with a " @@ -46320,13 +46905,13 @@ "使用以下指令掛載該檔案系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32301 +#: book.translate.xml:32318 #, no-wrap msgid "% mount -t msdosfs -o -m=644,-M=755 /dev/da0s1 /mnt/username" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32303 +#: book.translate.xml:32320 msgid "" "Before the device can be unplugged, it must be " "unmounted first:" @@ -46333,13 +46918,13 @@ msgstr "在裝置可以被拔除前，必須先卸載：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32306 +#: book.translate.xml:32323 #, no-wrap msgid "% umount /mnt/username" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32308 +#: book.translate.xml:32325 msgid "" "After device removal, the system message buffer will show messages similar " "to the following:" @@ -46346,7 +46931,7 @@ msgstr "裝置移除之後，系統訊息緩衝區會顯示如下的訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32311 +#: book.translate.xml:32328 #, no-wrap msgid "" "umass0: at uhub3, port 2, addr 3 (disconnected)\n" @@ -46356,12 +46941,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32318 +#: book.translate.xml:32335 msgid "Automounting Removable Media" msgstr "自動掛載可移除的媒體" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32321 +#: book.translate.xml:32338 msgid "" "autofs5 supports automatic mounting of removable media starting with " @@ -46372,7 +46957,7 @@ "體。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32325 +#: book.translate.xml:32342 msgid "" "USB devices can be automatically mounted by uncommenting " "this line in /etc/auto_master:" @@ -46381,18 +46966,18 @@ "USB 裝置：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32329 +#: book.translate.xml:32346 #, no-wrap msgid "/media\t\t-media\t\t-nosuid" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32331 +#: book.translate.xml:32348 msgid "Then add these lines to /etc/devd.conf:" msgstr "然後加入這些行到 /etc/devd.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32334 +#: book.translate.xml:32351 #, no-wrap msgid "" "notify 100 {\n" @@ -46403,7 +46988,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32340 +#: book.translate.xml:32357 msgid "" "Reload the configuration if autofs5 and " @@ -46416,7 +47001,7 @@ "載入設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32343 +#: book.translate.xml:32360 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service automount reload\n" @@ -46424,7 +47009,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32346 +#: book.translate.xml:32363 msgid "" "autofs5 can be set to start at boot by adding this line to /" @@ -46435,13 +47020,13 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32349 book.translate.xml:53228 +#: book.translate.xml:32366 book.translate.xml:53224 #, no-wrap msgid "autofs_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32351 +#: book.translate.xml:32368 msgid "" "autofs5 requires devd8，預設已經開啟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32354 +#: book.translate.xml:32371 msgid "Start the services immediately with:" msgstr "立即啟動服務：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32356 +#: book.translate.xml:32373 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service automount start\n" @@ -46468,7 +47053,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32361 +#: book.translate.xml:32378 msgid "" "Each file system that can be automatically mounted appears as a directory in " "/media/. The directory is named after the file system " @@ -46478,7 +47063,7 @@ "檔案系統的標籤來命名目錄，若標籤遺失，則會以裝置節點命名。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32366 +#: book.translate.xml:32383 msgid "" "The file system is transparently mounted on the first access, and unmounted " "after a period of inactivity. Automounted drives can also be unmounted " @@ -46488,13 +47073,13 @@ "碟也可手動卸載：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32370 +#: book.translate.xml:32387 #, no-wrap msgid "# automount -fu" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32372 +#: book.translate.xml:32389 msgid "" "This mechanism is typically used for memory cards and USB " "memory sticks. It can be used with any block device, including optical " @@ -46504,12 +47089,12 @@ "裝置，包含光碟機或 iSCSI LUN。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:32381 +#: book.translate.xml:32398 msgid "Creating and Using CD Media" msgstr "建立與使用 CD 媒體" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:32384 book.translate.xml:45983 +#: book.translate.xml:32401 book.translate.xml:45979 msgid "" " Mike Meyer Contributed by " @@ -46516,13 +47101,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32394 +#: book.translate.xml:32411 msgid "" "CD-ROMs creating" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32399 +#: book.translate.xml:32416 msgid "" "Compact Disc (CD) media provide a number of features that " "differentiate them from conventional disks. They are designed so that they " @@ -46534,18 +47119,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32408 +#: book.translate.xml:32425 msgid "ISO 9660" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32410 book.translate.xml:32600 +#: book.translate.xml:32427 book.translate.xml:32617 msgid "file systems ISO 9660" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32415 +#: book.translate.xml:32432 msgid "" "CD burner ATAPI" @@ -46552,7 +47137,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32420 +#: book.translate.xml:32437 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Ports Collection provides several utilities for burning and " "duplicating audio and data CDs. This chapter demonstrates " @@ -46562,12 +47147,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:32430 +#: book.translate.xml:32447 msgid "Supported Devices" msgstr "支援的裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32443 +#: book.translate.xml:32460 msgid "" "CD burner ATAPI/CAM driver" @@ -46574,7 +47159,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32448 +#: book.translate.xml:32465 msgid "" "The GENERIC kernel provides support for SCSI, USB, and ATAPI CDSCSI burner, make sure these options are present:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32458 +#: book.translate.xml:32475 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device scbus\t# SCSI bus (required for ATA/SCSI)\n" @@ -46600,13 +47185,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32463 +#: book.translate.xml:32480 msgid "" "For a USB burner, make sure these options are present:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32466 +#: book.translate.xml:32483 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device scbus\t# SCSI bus (required for ATA/SCSI)\n" @@ -46622,13 +47207,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32477 +#: book.translate.xml:32494 msgid "" "For an ATAPI burner, make sure these options are present:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32480 +#: book.translate.xml:32497 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device ata\t# Legacy ATA/SATA controllers\n" @@ -46638,7 +47223,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32486 +#: book.translate.xml:32503 msgid "" "On FreeBSD versions prior to 10.x, this line is also needed in the kernel " "configuration file if the burner is an ATAPI device:" @@ -46645,13 +47230,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32490 +#: book.translate.xml:32507 #, no-wrap msgid "device atapicam" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32492 +#: book.translate.xml:32509 msgid "" "Alternately, this driver can be loaded at boot time by adding the following " "line to /boot/loader.conf:" @@ -46658,13 +47243,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32496 +#: book.translate.xml:32513 #, no-wrap msgid "atapicam_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32498 +#: book.translate.xml:32515 msgid "" "This will require a reboot of the system as this driver can only be loaded " "at boot time." @@ -46671,7 +47256,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32502 +#: book.translate.xml:32519 msgid "" "To verify that FreeBSD recognizes the device, run dmesg " "and look for an entry for the device. On systems prior to 10.x, the device " @@ -46680,7 +47265,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32508 +#: book.translate.xml:32525 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% dmesg | grep cd\n" @@ -46692,12 +47277,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32517 +#: book.translate.xml:32534 msgid "Burning a CD" msgstr "燒錄 CD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32519 +#: book.translate.xml:32536 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, cdrecord can be used to burn CDs. This command is installed with the sysutils/cdrtoolscdrecord has many options, basic usage is simple. " "Specify the name of the ISO file to burn and, if the " @@ -46713,13 +47298,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32529 +#: book.translate.xml:32546 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdrecord dev=device imagefile.iso" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32531 +#: book.translate.xml:32548 msgid "" "To determine the device name of the burner, use " "which might produce results like this:" @@ -46726,13 +47311,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32535 +#: book.translate.xml:32552 msgid "" "CD-ROMs burning" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32539 +#: book.translate.xml:32556 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cdrecord -scanbus\n" @@ -46759,7 +47344,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32561 +#: book.translate.xml:32578 msgid "" "Locate the entry for the CD burner and use the three " "numbers separated by commas as the value for . In this " @@ -46771,7 +47356,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32570 +#: book.translate.xml:32587 msgid "" "Alternately, run the following command to get the device address of the " "burner:" @@ -46778,7 +47363,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32573 +#: book.translate.xml:32590 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# camcontrol devlist\n" @@ -46786,7 +47371,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32576 +#: book.translate.xml:32593 msgid "" "Use the numeric values for scbus, target, and lun. For this example, 1,0,0ISO File System" msgstr "寫入資料到一個 ISO 檔案系統" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32586 +#: book.translate.xml:32603 msgid "" "In order to produce a data CD, the data files that are " "going to make up the tracks on the CD must be prepared " @@ -46813,13 +47398,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32598 +#: book.translate.xml:32615 #, no-wrap msgid "# mkisofs -o imagefile.iso /path/to/tree" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32605 +#: book.translate.xml:32622 msgid "" "This command maps the file names in the specified path to names that fit the " "limitations of the standard ISO 9660 file system, and " @@ -46828,12 +47413,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32611 +#: book.translate.xml:32628 msgid "file systems Joliet" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32616 +#: book.translate.xml:32633 msgid "" "A number of options are available to overcome the restrictions imposed by " "the standard. In particular, enables the Rock Ridge " @@ -46843,7 +47428,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32622 +#: book.translate.xml:32639 msgid "" "For CDs that are going to be used only on FreeBSD " "systems, can be used to disable all filename " @@ -46853,7 +47438,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32629 +#: book.translate.xml:32646 msgid "" "CD-ROMs creating bootable" @@ -46860,7 +47445,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32634 +#: book.translate.xml:32651 msgid "" "The last option of general use is . This is used to " "specify the location of a boot image for use in producing an El " @@ -46877,13 +47462,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32652 +#: book.translate.xml:32669 #, no-wrap msgid "# mkisofs -R -no-emul-boot -b boot/cdboot -o /tmp/bootable.iso /tmp/myboot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32654 +#: book.translate.xml:32671 msgid "" "The resulting ISO image can be mounted as a memory disk " "with:" @@ -46890,7 +47475,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32657 +#: book.translate.xml:32674 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /tmp/bootable.iso -u 0\n" @@ -46898,7 +47483,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32660 +#: book.translate.xml:32677 msgid "" "One can then verify that /mnt and /tmp/" "myboot are identical." @@ -46905,7 +47490,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32663 +#: book.translate.xml:32680 msgid "" "There are many other options available for mkisofs to " "fine-tune its behavior. Refer to CD to an image file that is " "functionally equivalent to the image file created with mkisofs# dd if=/dev/cd0 of=file.iso bs=2048" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32677 +#: book.translate.xml:32694 msgid "" "The resulting image file can be burned to CD as described " "in ." @@ -46937,12 +47522,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32683 +#: book.translate.xml:32700 msgid "Using Data CDs" msgstr "使用資料 CD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32685 +#: book.translate.xml:32702 msgid "" "Once an ISO has been burned to a CD, " "it can be mounted by specifying the file system type, the name of the device " @@ -46950,13 +47535,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32690 +#: book.translate.xml:32707 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0 /mnt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32692 +#: book.translate.xml:32709 msgid "" "Since mount assumes that a file system is of type " "ufs, a Incorrect super block error " @@ -46965,7 +47550,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32698 +#: book.translate.xml:32715 msgid "" "While any data CD can be mounted this way, disks with " "certain ISO 9660 extensions might behave oddly. For " @@ -46977,7 +47562,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32707 +#: book.translate.xml:32724 msgid "" "In order to do this character conversion with the help of : This is the rewritable version of the DVD-R " "standard. A DVD-RW can be rewritten about 1000 times." @@ -47186,7 +47771,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:32865 +#: book.translate.xml:32882 msgid "" "DVD-RAM: This is a rewritable format which can be seen as " "a removable hard drive. However, this media is not compatible with most " @@ -47197,7 +47782,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:32875 +#: book.translate.xml:32892 msgid "" "DVD+RW: This is a rewritable format defined by the DVD+RW AllianceDVD+RW format." @@ -47212,7 +47797,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32887 +#: book.translate.xml:32904 msgid "" "A single layer recordable DVD can hold up to " "4,700,000,000 bytes which is actually 4.38 GB or 4485 MB as 1 kilobyte is " @@ -47220,7 +47805,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32892 +#: book.translate.xml:32909 msgid "" "A distinction must be made between the physical media and the application. " "For example, a DVD-Video is a specific file layout that can be written on " @@ -47231,12 +47816,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32902 book.translate.xml:57099 +#: book.translate.xml:32919 book.translate.xml:57095 msgid "Configuration" msgstr "設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32904 +#: book.translate.xml:32921 msgid "" "To perform DVD recording, use growisofs1SCSI subsystem to access the devices, " "therefore ATAPI/CAM support must be loaded " @@ -47256,7 +47841,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32916 +#: book.translate.xml:32933 msgid "" "DMA access must also be enabled for ATAPI devices, by " "adding the following line to /boot/loader.conf:" @@ -47263,13 +47848,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32920 book.translate.xml:33232 +#: book.translate.xml:32937 book.translate.xml:33249 #, no-wrap msgid "hw.ata.atapi_dma=\"1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32922 +#: book.translate.xml:32939 msgid "" "Before attempting to use dvd+rw-tools, consult " "the sysutils/k3b which provides a user friendly interface to DVDs" msgstr "燒錄資料 DVD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32937 +#: book.translate.xml:32954 msgid "" "Since growisofs1 is a front-end to " @@ -47303,7 +47888,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32943 +#: book.translate.xml:32960 msgid "" "To burn to a DVD+R or a DVD-R the data in /path/to/data, use the following command:" @@ -47310,13 +47895,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32947 +#: book.translate.xml:32964 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32949 +#: book.translate.xml:32966 msgid "" "In this example, is passed to mkisofs8-Z is used for both " "single and multiple sessions. Replace /dev/cd0, " @@ -47337,7 +47922,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32963 +#: book.translate.xml:32980 msgid "" "To burn a pre-mastered image, such as imagefile.iso, use:" @@ -47344,13 +47929,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32966 +#: book.translate.xml:32983 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0=imagefile.iso" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32968 +#: book.translate.xml:32985 msgid "" "The write speed should be detected and automatically set according to the " "media and the drive being used. To force the write speed, use to " @@ -47376,29 +47961,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32985 +#: book.translate.xml:33002 msgid "To create this type of ISO file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32987 +#: book.translate.xml:33004 #, no-wrap msgid "% mkisofs -R -J -udf -iso-level 3 -o imagefile.iso /path/to/data" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32989 +#: book.translate.xml:33006 msgid "To burn files directly to a disk:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32991 +#: book.translate.xml:33008 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -dvd-compat -udf -iso-level 3 -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32993 +#: book.translate.xml:33010 msgid "" "When an ISO image already contains large files, no additional options are " "required for growisofssysutils/cdrtools, which contains DVD-Video" msgstr "燒錄 DVD-Video" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33009 +#: book.translate.xml:33026 msgid "" "DVD DVD-Video" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33014 +#: book.translate.xml:33031 msgid "" "A DVD-Video is a specific file layout based on the ISO 9660 and micro-UDF (M-" "UDF) specifications. Since DVD-Video presents a specific data structure " @@ -47439,7 +48024,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33020 +#: book.translate.xml:33037 msgid "" "If an image of the DVD-Video file system already exists, it can be burned in " "the same way as any other image. If dvdauthor was used to " @@ -47448,13 +48033,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33027 +#: book.translate.xml:33044 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -dvd-video /path/to/video" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33029 +#: book.translate.xml:33046 msgid "" " is passed to mkisofs8DVD+RW" msgstr "使用 DVD+RW" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33038 +#: book.translate.xml:33055 msgid "" "DVD DVD+RW" @@ -47477,7 +48062,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33043 +#: book.translate.xml:33060 msgid "" "Unlike CD-RW, a virgin DVD+RW needs to be formatted " "before first use. It is recommended to let " @@ -47488,13 +48073,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33050 book.translate.xml:33156 +#: book.translate.xml:33067 book.translate.xml:33173 #, no-wrap msgid "# dvd+rw-format /dev/cd0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33052 +#: book.translate.xml:33069 msgid "" "Only perform this operation once and keep in mind that only virgin " "DVD+RW medias need to be formatted. Once formatted, the " @@ -47502,7 +48087,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33057 +#: book.translate.xml:33074 msgid "" "To burn a totally new file system and not just append some data onto a " "DVD+RW, the media does not need to be blanked first. " @@ -47510,13 +48095,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33062 +#: book.translate.xml:33079 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/newdata" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33064 +#: book.translate.xml:33081 msgid "" "The DVD+RW format supports appending data to a previous " "recording. This operation consists of merging a new session to the existing " @@ -47527,7 +48112,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33071 +#: book.translate.xml:33088 msgid "" "For example, to append data to a DVD+RW, use the " "following:" @@ -47534,13 +48119,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33074 book.translate.xml:33178 +#: book.translate.xml:33091 book.translate.xml:33195 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -M /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/nextdata" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33076 +#: book.translate.xml:33093 msgid "" "The same mkisofs8 options used to burn " @@ -47548,7 +48133,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:33080 +#: book.translate.xml:33097 msgid "" "Use for better media compatibility with " "DVD-ROM drives. When using DVD+RW, " @@ -47556,23 +48141,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33086 +#: book.translate.xml:33103 msgid "To blank the media, use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33088 +#: book.translate.xml:33105 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -Z /dev/cd0=/dev/zero" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:33092 +#: book.translate.xml:33109 msgid "Using a DVD-RW" msgstr "使用 DVD-RW" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33094 +#: book.translate.xml:33111 msgid "" "DVD DVD-RW" @@ -47579,7 +48164,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33099 +#: book.translate.xml:33116 msgid "" "A DVD-RW accepts two disc formats: incremental sequential " "and restricted overwrite. By default, DVD-RW discs are in " @@ -47587,7 +48172,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33104 +#: book.translate.xml:33121 msgid "" "A virgin DVD-RW can be directly written without being " "formatted. However, a non-virgin DVD-RW in sequential " @@ -47595,18 +48180,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33109 +#: book.translate.xml:33126 msgid "To blank a DVD-RW in sequential mode:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33112 book.translate.xml:33160 +#: book.translate.xml:33129 book.translate.xml:33177 #, no-wrap msgid "# dvd+rw-format -blank=full /dev/cd0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:33115 +#: book.translate.xml:33132 msgid "" "A full blanking using will take about one hour " "on a 1x media. A fast blanking can be performed using - Control " "whether new devices added to the pool have the TRIM " @@ -58465,7 +59049,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-advanced-tuning-vdev-max_pending -#: book.translate.xml:40286 +#: book.translate.xml:40303 msgid "" "vfs.zfs.vdev.max_pending - Limit the " "number of pending I/O requests per device. A higher value will keep the " @@ -58477,7 +59061,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-advanced-tuning-top_maxinflight -#: book.translate.xml:40295 +#: book.translate.xml:40312 msgid "" "vfs.zfs.top_maxinflight - Maxmimum " "number of outstanding I/Os per top-level vfs.zfs.l2arc_write_max - Limit the " "amount of data written to the vfs.zfs.l2arc_write_boost - The " "value of this tunable is added to vfs.zfs.scrub_delay - Number of " "ticks to delay between each I/O during a vfs.zfs.resilver_delay - Number of " "milliseconds of delay inserted between each I/O during a vfs.zfs.scan_idle - Number of " "milliseconds since the last operation before the pool is considered idle. " @@ -58584,7 +59168,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-advanced-tuning-txg-timeout -#: book.translate.xml:40395 +#: book.translate.xml:40412 msgid "" "vfs.zfs.txg.timeout - Maximum number " "of seconds between transaction groups. " @@ -58599,12 +59183,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:40432 +#: book.translate.xml:40449 msgid "ZFS on i386" msgstr "i386 上的 ZFS" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40434 +#: book.translate.xml:40451 msgid "" "Some of the features provided by ZFS are memory " "intensive, and may require tuning for maximum efficiency on systems with " @@ -58614,12 +59198,12 @@ "RAM 的系統調校來取得最佳的效率。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:40440 +#: book.translate.xml:40457 msgid "Memory" msgstr "記憶體" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:40442 +#: book.translate.xml:40459 msgid "" "As a bare minimum, the total system memory should be at least one gigabyte. " "The amount of recommended RAM depends upon the size of " @@ -58640,12 +59224,12 @@ "要更進一步的調校。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:40457 book.translate.xml:62450 +#: book.translate.xml:40474 book.translate.xml:62449 msgid "Kernel Configuration" msgstr "核心設定" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:40459 +#: book.translate.xml:40476 msgid "" "Due to the address space limitations of the i386 " "platform, ZFS users on the i386 " @@ -58657,13 +59241,13 @@ "定檔，重新編譯核心並重新開啟：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:40465 +#: book.translate.xml:40482 #, no-wrap msgid "options KVA_PAGES=512" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:40467 +#: book.translate.xml:40484 msgid "" "This expands the kernel address space, allowing the vm.kvm_size tunable to be pushed beyond the currently imposed limit of 1 GB, or " @@ -58677,12 +59261,12 @@ "512。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:40477 +#: book.translate.xml:40494 msgid "Loader Tunables" msgstr "載入程式可調參數" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:40479 +#: book.translate.xml:40496 msgid "" "The kmem address space can be increased on all FreeBSD " "architectures. On a test system with 1 GB of physical memory, success was " @@ -58694,7 +59278,7 @@ "conf，重新開啟系統，可成功設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:40486 +#: book.translate.xml:40503 #, no-wrap msgid "" "vm.kmem_size=\"330M\"\n" @@ -58704,7 +59288,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:40491 +#: book.translate.xml:40508 msgid "" "For a more detailed list of recommendations for ZFS-" "related tuning, see 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:40498 +#: book.translate.xml:40515 msgid "Additional Resources" msgstr "其他資源" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40502 +#: book.translate.xml:40519 msgid "" "FreeBSD Wiki - " "ZFS" @@ -58726,7 +59310,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40507 +#: book.translate.xml:40524 msgid "" "FreeBSD Wiki - " "ZFS Tuning" @@ -58733,7 +59317,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40512 +#: book.translate.xml:40529 msgid "" "Illumos " "Wiki - ZFS" @@ -58740,7 +59324,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40517 +#: book.translate.xml:40534 msgid "" "Oracle Solaris ZFS Administration Guide" @@ -58747,7 +59331,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40523 +#: book.translate.xml:40540 msgid "" "ZFS Evil Tuning Guide" @@ -58754,7 +59338,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40528 +#: book.translate.xml:40545 msgid "" "ZFS Best Practices Guide" @@ -58761,7 +59345,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40533 +#: book.translate.xml:40550 msgid "" "Calomel Blog - ZFS Raidz Performance, Capacity and " @@ -58769,12 +59353,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:40541 +#: book.translate.xml:40558 msgid "ZFS Features and Terminology" msgstr "ZFS 特色與術語" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:40543 +#: book.translate.xml:40560 msgid "" "ZFS is a fundamentally different file system because it " "is more than just a file system. ZFS combines the roles " @@ -58805,12 +59389,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-pool -#: book.translate.xml:40567 +#: book.translate.xml:40584 msgid "pool" msgstr "儲存池 (Pool)" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:40581 +#: book.translate.xml:40598 msgid "" "FreeBSD 9.0 and 9.1 include support for ZFS version 28. " "Later versions use ZFS version 5000 with feature flags. " @@ -58822,7 +59406,7 @@ "統有更佳的相容性，能夠與其他人實作的 ZFS 相容。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:40569 +#: book.translate.xml:40586 msgid "" "A storage pool is the most basic building block of " "ZFS. A pool is made up of one or more vdevs, the " @@ -58842,13 +59426,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-vdev -#: book.translate.xml:40592 +#: book.translate.xml:40609 msgid "vdev Types" msgstr "vdev 型態 (vdev Types)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-vdev-disk -#: book.translate.xml:40603 +#: book.translate.xml:40620 msgid "" "Disk - The most basic type of vdev is a standard block " "device. This can be an entire disk (such as /dev/" @@ -58867,7 +59451,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-vdev-file -#: book.translate.xml:40618 +#: book.translate.xml:40635 msgid "" "File - In addition to disks, ZFS " "pools can be backed by regular files, this is especially useful for testing " @@ -58881,7 +59465,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-vdev-mirror -#: book.translate.xml:40628 +#: book.translate.xml:40645 msgid "" "Mirror - When creating a mirror, specify the " "mirror keyword followed by the list of member devices for " @@ -58896,7 +59480,7 @@ "故障只剩其中一個而不損失任何資料。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:40639 +#: book.translate.xml:40656 msgid "" "A regular single disk vdev can be upgraded to a mirror vdev at any time with " "zpool attach." @@ -58906,7 +59490,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-vdev-raidz -#: book.translate.xml:40647 +#: book.translate.xml:40664 msgid "" "RAID-Z - ZFS " "implements RAID-Z, a variation on standard " @@ -58930,7 +59514,7 @@ "RAID-Z3 。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40665 +#: book.translate.xml:40682 msgid "" "In a RAID-Z1 configuration with four disks, each 1 TB, " "usable storage is 3 TB and the pool will still be able to operate in " @@ -58943,7 +59527,7 @@ "未更換並修復 (Resilver) 之前又有磁碟故障，所有在儲存池中的資料便會遺失。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40673 +#: book.translate.xml:40690 msgid "" "In a RAID-Z3 configuration with eight disks of 1 TB, the " "volume will provide 5 TB of usable space and still be able to operate with " @@ -58958,7 +59542,7 @@ "vdev，這樣儲存池的資料便會分散到這兩個 vdev。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40682 +#: book.translate.xml:40699 msgid "" "A configuration of two RAID-Z2 vdevs consisting of 8 " "disks each would create something similar to a RAID-60 " @@ -58976,7 +59560,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-vdev-spare -#: book.translate.xml:40697 +#: book.translate.xml:40714 msgid "" "Spare - ZFS has a special pseudo-" "vdev type for keeping track of available hot spares. Note that installed hot " @@ -58990,7 +59574,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-vdev-log -#: book.translate.xml:40707 +#: book.translate.xml:40724 msgid "" "Log - ZFS Log Devices, also known as " "ZFS Intent Log (Cache - Adding a cache vdev to a pool will add the " "storage of the cache to the L2ARCRAID " @@ -59037,12 +59621,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-txg -#: book.translate.xml:40733 +#: book.translate.xml:40750 msgid "Transaction Group (TXG)" msgstr "交易群組 (Transaction Group, TXG)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40747 +#: book.translate.xml:40764 msgid "" "Open - When a new transaction group is created, it is " "in the open state, and accepts new writes. There is always a transaction " @@ -59059,7 +59643,7 @@ "交易群組便會繼續進入下一個狀態。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40759 +#: book.translate.xml:40776 msgid "" "Quiescing - A short state that allows any pending " "operations to finish while not blocking the creation of a new open " @@ -59071,7 +59655,7 @@ "便會進入到最終狀態。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40768 +#: book.translate.xml:40785 msgid "" "Syncing - All of the data in the transaction group is " "written to stable storage. This process will in turn modify other data, such " @@ -59098,7 +59682,7 @@ "態。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:40736 +#: book.translate.xml:40753 msgid "" "Transaction Groups are the way changed blocks are grouped together and " "eventually written to the pool. Transaction groups are the atomic unit that " @@ -59122,12 +59706,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-arc -#: book.translate.xml:40800 +#: book.translate.xml:40817 msgid "Adaptive Replacement Cache (ARC)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:40803 +#: book.translate.xml:40820 msgid "" "ZFS uses an Adaptive Replacement Cache (ARC), rather than a more traditional Least Recently Used (LRUL2ARC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:40833 +#: book.translate.xml:40850 msgid "" "L2ARC is the second level of the ZFS " "caching system. The primary ARC is stored in " @@ -59223,12 +59807,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-zil -#: book.translate.xml:40868 +#: book.translate.xml:40885 msgid "ZIL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:40870 +#: book.translate.xml:40887 msgid "" "ZIL accelerates synchronous transactions by using storage " "devices like SSDs that are faster than those used in the " @@ -59250,12 +59834,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-cow -#: book.translate.xml:40886 +#: book.translate.xml:40903 msgid "Copy-On-Write" msgstr "寫入時複製 (Copy-On-Write)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:40888 +#: book.translate.xml:40905 msgid "" "Unlike a traditional file system, when data is overwritten on ZFS, the new data is written to a different block rather than " @@ -59277,12 +59861,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-dataset -#: book.translate.xml:40902 +#: book.translate.xml:40919 msgid "Dataset" msgstr "資料集 (Dataset)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:40904 +#: book.translate.xml:40921 msgid "" "Dataset is the generic term for a ZFS file system, volume, snapshot or clone. Each dataset has a unique " @@ -59309,12 +59893,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-filesystem -#: book.translate.xml:40926 +#: book.translate.xml:40943 msgid "File system" msgstr "檔案系統 (File system)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:40928 +#: book.translate.xml:40945 msgid "" "A ZFS dataset is most often used as a file system. Like " "most other file systems, a ZFS file system is mounted " @@ -59327,12 +59911,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-volume -#: book.translate.xml:40937 +#: book.translate.xml:40954 msgid "Volume" msgstr "磁碟區 (Volume)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:40939 +#: book.translate.xml:40956 msgid "" "In additional to regular file system datasets, ZFS can " "also create volumes, which are block devices. Volumes have many of the same " @@ -59349,12 +59933,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-snapshot -#: book.translate.xml:40951 +#: book.translate.xml:40968 msgid "Snapshot" msgstr "快照 (Snapshot)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:40953 +#: book.translate.xml:40970 msgid "" "The copy-on-write (COW) design of ZFS allows for nearly instantaneous, " @@ -59402,12 +59986,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-clone -#: book.translate.xml:40992 +#: book.translate.xml:41009 msgid "Clone" msgstr "複本 (Clone)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:40994 +#: book.translate.xml:41011 msgid "" "Snapshots can also be cloned. A clone is a writable version of a snapshot, " "allowing the file system to be forked as a new dataset. As with a snapshot, " @@ -59433,27 +60017,27 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-checksum -#: book.translate.xml:41014 +#: book.translate.xml:41031 msgid "Checksum" msgstr "校驗碼 (Checksum)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41030 +#: book.translate.xml:41047 msgid "fletcher2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41034 +#: book.translate.xml:41051 msgid "fletcher4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41038 +#: book.translate.xml:41055 msgid "sha256" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41016 +#: book.translate.xml:41033 msgid "" "Every block that is allocated is also checksummed. The checksum algorithm " "used is a per-dataset property, see LZ4 - Added in ZFS pool version 5000 (feature flags), LZ4 is now " @@ -59501,12 +60085,12 @@ "1.5 GB/s (每個 CPU 核心)。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:41079 +#: book.translate.xml:41096 msgid "LZ4 compression is only available after FreeBSD 9.2." msgstr "LZ4 壓縮只在 FreeBSD 9.2 之後可使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41085 +#: book.translate.xml:41102 msgid "" "LZJB - The default compression " "algorithm. Created by Jeff Bonwick (one of the original creators of " @@ -59521,7 +60105,7 @@ "壓縮功能。在未來預設的壓縮演算法將會更換為 LZ4。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41097 +#: book.translate.xml:41114 msgid "" "GZIP - A popular stream compression " "algorithm available in ZFS. One of the main advantages of " @@ -59540,7 +60124,7 @@ "間。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41113 +#: book.translate.xml:41130 msgid "" "ZLE - Zero Length Encoding is a " "special compression algorithm that only compresses continuous runs of zeros. " @@ -59552,7 +60136,7 @@ "用。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41052 +#: book.translate.xml:41069 msgid "" "Each dataset has a compression property, which defaults to off. This " "property can be set to one of a number of compression algorithms. This will " @@ -59567,12 +60151,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-copies -#: book.translate.xml:41124 +#: book.translate.xml:41141 msgid "Copies" msgstr "備份數 (Copies)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41126 +#: book.translate.xml:41143 msgid "" "When set to a value greater than 1, the copies property " "instructs ZFS to maintain multiple copies of each block " @@ -59593,7 +60177,7 @@ "損失的資料。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41145 +#: book.translate.xml:41162 msgid "" "Checksums make it possible to detect duplicate blocks of data as they are " "written. With deduplication, the reference count of an existing, identical " @@ -59640,12 +60224,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-scrub -#: book.translate.xml:41183 +#: book.translate.xml:41200 msgid "Scrub" msgstr "清潔 (Scrub)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41185 +#: book.translate.xml:41202 msgid "" "Instead of a consistency check like fsck8, ZFSZFS supports different types of quotas: the dataset " "quota, the reference quota " @@ -59696,7 +60280,7 @@ "以及群組配額 (Group quota)。" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:41222 +#: book.translate.xml:41239 msgid "" "Quotas limit the amount of space that a dataset and all of its descendants, " "including snapshots of the dataset, child datasets, and the snapshots of " @@ -59706,7 +60290,7 @@ "量。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:41228 +#: book.translate.xml:41245 msgid "" "Quotas cannot be set on volumes, as the volsize property " "acts as an implicit quota." @@ -59715,7 +60299,7 @@ "配額。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41207 +#: book.translate.xml:41224 msgid "" "ZFS provides very fast and accurate dataset, user, and " "group space accounting in addition to quotas and space reservations. This " @@ -59729,12 +60313,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-refquota -#: book.translate.xml:41235 +#: book.translate.xml:41252 msgid "Reference Quota" msgstr "參考配額 (Reference Quota)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41238 +#: book.translate.xml:41255 msgid "" "A reference quota limits the amount of space a dataset can consume by " "enforcing a hard limit. However, this hard limit includes only space that " @@ -59747,12 +60331,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-userquota -#: book.translate.xml:41246 +#: book.translate.xml:41263 msgid "User Quota" msgstr "使用者配額 (User Quota)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41249 +#: book.translate.xml:41266 msgid "" "User quotas are useful to limit the amount of space that can be used by the " "specified user." @@ -59760,12 +60344,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-groupquota -#: book.translate.xml:41254 +#: book.translate.xml:41271 msgid "Group Quota" msgstr "群組配額 (Group Quota)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41257 +#: book.translate.xml:41274 msgid "" "The group quota limits the amount of space that a specified group can " "consume." @@ -59773,12 +60357,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-reservation -#: book.translate.xml:41262 +#: book.translate.xml:41279 msgid "Dataset Reservation" msgstr "資料集保留空間 (Dataset Reservation)" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:41280 +#: book.translate.xml:41297 msgid "" "Reservations of any sort are useful in many situations, such as planning and " "testing the suitability of disk space allocation in a new system, or " @@ -59789,7 +60373,7 @@ "上的適應性，或是確保有足夠的空間供稽查日誌或系統還原程序及檔案使用。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41265 +#: book.translate.xml:41282 msgid "" "The reservation property makes it possible to guarantee a " "minimum amount of space for a specific dataset and its descendants. If a " @@ -59811,12 +60395,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-refreservation -#: book.translate.xml:41290 +#: book.translate.xml:41307 msgid "Reference Reservation" msgstr "參考保留空間 (Reference Reservation)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41293 +#: book.translate.xml:41310 msgid "" "The refreservation property makes it possible to " "guarantee a minimum amount of space for the use of a specific dataset " @@ -59844,12 +60428,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-resilver -#: book.translate.xml:41315 +#: book.translate.xml:41332 msgid "Resilver" msgstr "修復 (Resilver)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41317 +#: book.translate.xml:41334 msgid "" "When a disk fails and is replaced, the new disk must be filled with the data " "that was lost. The process of using the parity information distributed " @@ -59862,12 +60446,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-online -#: book.translate.xml:41326 +#: book.translate.xml:41343 msgid "Online" msgstr "上線 (Online)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41328 +#: book.translate.xml:41345 msgid "" "A pool or vdev in the Online state has all of its member " "devices connected and fully operational. Individual devices in the " @@ -59879,12 +60463,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-offline -#: book.translate.xml:41336 +#: book.translate.xml:41353 msgid "Offline" msgstr "離線 (Offline)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41338 +#: book.translate.xml:41355 msgid "" "Individual devices can be put in an Offline state by the " "administrator if there is sufficient redundancy to avoid putting the pool or " @@ -59899,12 +60483,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-degraded -#: book.translate.xml:41349 +#: book.translate.xml:41366 msgid "Degraded" msgstr "降級 (Degraded)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41351 +#: book.translate.xml:41368 msgid "" "A pool or vdev in the Degraded state has one or more " "disks that have been disconnected or have failed. The pool is still usable, " @@ -59922,12 +60506,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-faulted -#: book.translate.xml:41364 +#: book.translate.xml:41381 msgid "Faulted" msgstr "故障 (Faulted)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41366 +#: book.translate.xml:41383 msgid "" "A pool or vdev in the Faulted state is no longer " "operational. The data on it can no longer be accessed. A pool or vdev enters " @@ -59946,22 +60530,22 @@ "還原。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:41391 +#: book.translate.xml:41408 msgid "Other File Systems" msgstr "其他檔案系統" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:41402 +#: book.translate.xml:41419 msgid "File Systems" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:41403 +#: book.translate.xml:41420 msgid "File Systems Support File Systems" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:41408 +#: book.translate.xml:41425 msgid "" "File systems are an integral part of any operating system. They allow users " "to upload and store files, provide access to data, and make hard drives " @@ -59974,7 +60558,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:41418 +#: book.translate.xml:41435 msgid "" "In addition to its native file systems, FreeBSD supports a multitude of " "other file systems so that data from other operating systems can be accessed " @@ -59985,7 +60569,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:41426 +#: book.translate.xml:41443 msgid "" "There are different levels of FreeBSD support for the various file systems. " "Some require a kernel module to be loaded and others may require a toolset " @@ -59994,23 +60578,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41436 +#: book.translate.xml:41453 msgid "The difference between native and supported file systems." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41441 +#: book.translate.xml:41458 msgid "Which file systems are supported by FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41445 +#: book.translate.xml:41462 msgid "" "How to enable, configure, access, and make use of non-native file systems." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41454 +#: book.translate.xml:41471 msgid "" "Understand UNIX and FreeBSD basics." @@ -60017,7 +60601,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41459 +#: book.translate.xml:41476 msgid "" "Be familiar with the basics of kernel " "configuration and compilation." @@ -60024,7 +60608,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41464 +#: book.translate.xml:41481 msgid "" "Feel comfortable installing software in " "FreeBSD." @@ -60031,7 +60615,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41469 +#: book.translate.xml:41486 msgid "" "Have some familiarity with disks, storage, " "and device names in FreeBSD." @@ -60038,12 +60622,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:41476 +#: book.translate.xml:41493 msgid "Linux File Systems" msgstr "Linux 檔案系統" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:41478 +#: book.translate.xml:41495 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides built-in support for several Linux file systems. This section demonstrates how to load " @@ -60052,12 +60636,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:41483 +#: book.translate.xml:41500 msgid "ext2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41485 +#: book.translate.xml:41502 msgid "" "Kernel support for ext2 file systems has been available since FreeBSD 2.2. " "In FreeBSD 8.x and earlier, the code is licensed under the GPLext2fs5 driver allows the FreeBSD kernel to both read and " @@ -60074,7 +60658,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:41496 +#: book.translate.xml:41513 msgid "" "This driver can also be used to access ext3 and ext4 file systems. However, " "ext3 journaling and extended attributes are not supported. Support for ext4 " @@ -60082,18 +60666,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41502 +#: book.translate.xml:41519 msgid "To access an ext file system, first load the kernel loadable module:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:41505 +#: book.translate.xml:41522 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload ext2fs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41507 +#: book.translate.xml:41524 msgid "" "Then, mount the ext volume by specifying its FreeBSD partition name and an " "existing mount point. This example mounts /dev/ad1s1 on " @@ -60101,24 +60685,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:41512 +#: book.translate.xml:41529 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount -t ext2fs /dev/ad1s1 /mnt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:41516 +#: book.translate.xml:41533 msgid "ReiserFS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41518 +#: book.translate.xml:41535 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides read-only support for The Reiser file system, ReiserFS." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41521 +#: book.translate.xml:41538 msgid "" "To load the reiserfs5 driver:" @@ -60125,30 +60709,30 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:41523 +#: book.translate.xml:41540 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload reiserfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41525 +#: book.translate.xml:41542 msgid "" "Then, to mount a ReiserFS volume located on /dev/ad1s1:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:41528 +#: book.translate.xml:41545 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount -t reiserfs /dev/ad1s1 /mnt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:41583 +#: book.translate.xml:41600 msgid "Virtualization" msgstr "虛擬化" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:41586 book.translate.xml:56645 +#: book.translate.xml:41603 book.translate.xml:56641 msgid "" " Murray Stokely Contributed by " @@ -60155,7 +60739,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:41596 +#: book.translate.xml:41613 msgid "" " Allan Jude bhyve section by " @@ -60162,7 +60746,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:41609 +#: book.translate.xml:41626 msgid "" "Virtualization software allows multiple operating systems to run " "simultaneously on the same computer. Such software systems for PCIntel-based Apple " @@ -60191,7 +60775,7 @@ "trademark> 電腦安裝 FreeBSD 。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41629 +#: book.translate.xml:41646 msgid "" "How to install FreeBSD on Microsoft Windows with " @@ -60202,17 +60786,17 @@ "application> 安裝 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41634 +#: book.translate.xml:41651 msgid "How to install FreeBSD as a guest in bhyve." msgstr "如何以 FreeBSD 作為客端安裝在 bhyve。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41639 +#: book.translate.xml:41656 msgid "How to tune a FreeBSD system for best performance under virtualization." msgstr "如何調校 FreeBSD 系統來取得虛擬化的最佳效能。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41649 +#: book.translate.xml:41666 msgid "" "Understand the basics of UNIX and FreeBSD." @@ -60221,12 +60805,12 @@ "trademark> 與 FreeBSD 的基礎。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41654 +#: book.translate.xml:41671 msgid "Know how to install FreeBSD." msgstr "知道如何安裝 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41659 +#: book.translate.xml:41676 msgid "" "Know how to set up a network " "connection." @@ -60233,7 +60817,7 @@ msgstr "知道如何設定網路連線。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41664 +#: book.translate.xml:41681 msgid "" "Know how to install additional third-party software." @@ -60240,7 +60824,7 @@ msgstr "知道如何安裝其他第三方軟體。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:41671 +#: book.translate.xml:41688 msgid "" "FreeBSD as a Guest on Parallels for Mac OS X" @@ -60249,7 +60833,7 @@ "Parallels 安裝 FreeBSD 為客端" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:41674 +#: book.translate.xml:41691 msgid "" "Parallels Desktop for Mac is a commercial software product available " @@ -60272,7 +60856,7 @@ "必先完成虛擬機器的設定後才可安裝想使用的客端作業系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:41683 +#: book.translate.xml:41700 msgid "" "Installing FreeBSD on Parallels/Mac OS X" @@ -60281,7 +60865,7 @@ "FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41685 +#: book.translate.xml:41702 msgid "" "The first step in installing FreeBSD on Parallels " "is to create a new virtual machine for installing FreeBSD. Select " @@ -60297,13 +60881,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41693 +#: book.translate.xml:41710 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd1' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41697 +#: book.translate.xml:41714 msgid "" "Choose a reasonable amount of disk and memory depending on the plans for " "this virtual FreeBSD instance. 4GB of disk space and 512MB of RAM work well " @@ -60318,7 +60902,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41704 +#: book.translate.xml:41721 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd2' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -60328,7 +60912,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41710 +#: book.translate.xml:41727 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd3' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -60338,7 +60922,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41716 +#: book.translate.xml:41733 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd4' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -60348,13 +60932,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41722 +#: book.translate.xml:41739 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd5' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41726 +#: book.translate.xml:41743 msgid "Select the type of networking and a network interface:" msgstr "選擇網路類型以及網路介面：" @@ -60363,7 +60947,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41731 +#: book.translate.xml:41748 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd6' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -60373,13 +60957,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41737 +#: book.translate.xml:41754 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd7' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41741 book.translate.xml:41925 +#: book.translate.xml:41758 book.translate.xml:41942 msgid "Save and finish the configuration:" msgstr "儲存並完成設定：" @@ -60388,7 +60972,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41745 +#: book.translate.xml:41762 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd8' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -60398,13 +60982,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41751 +#: book.translate.xml:41768 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd9' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41755 +#: book.translate.xml:41772 msgid "" "After the FreeBSD virtual machine has been created, FreeBSD can be installed " "on it. This is best done with an official FreeBSD CD/" @@ -60436,13 +61020,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41772 +#: book.translate.xml:41789 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd11' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41776 +#: book.translate.xml:41793 msgid "" "Once this association with the CD-ROM source has been " "made, reboot the FreeBSD virtual machine by clicking the reboot icon. " @@ -60459,13 +61043,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41785 +#: book.translate.xml:41802 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd10' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41789 +#: book.translate.xml:41806 msgid "" "In this case it will find the FreeBSD installation media and begin a normal " "FreeBSD installation. Perform the installation, but do not attempt to " @@ -60479,13 +61063,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41796 +#: book.translate.xml:41813 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd12' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41800 +#: book.translate.xml:41817 msgid "" "When the installation is finished, reboot into the newly installed FreeBSD " "virtual machine." @@ -60496,18 +61080,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41805 +#: book.translate.xml:41822 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd13' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:41811 +#: book.translate.xml:41828 msgid "Configuring FreeBSD on Parallels" msgstr "在 Parallels 設定 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41814 +#: book.translate.xml:41831 msgid "" "After FreeBSD has been successfully installed on Mac OS X with Parallelskern.hz tunable to " "reduce the CPU utilization of FreeBSD under the Parallels/boot/loader.conf 來完成這個動作：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:41830 book.translate.xml:42035 book.translate.xml:42239 +#: book.translate.xml:41847 book.translate.xml:42052 book.translate.xml:42256 #, no-wrap msgid "kern.hz=100" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:41832 +#: book.translate.xml:41849 msgid "" "Without this setting, an idle FreeBSD Parallels " "guest will use roughly 15% of the CPU of a single processor Parallels " @@ -60580,12 +61164,12 @@ "citerefentry> 外的所有網路裝置可以自核心中移除。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:41850 book.translate.xml:42056 book.translate.xml:42259 +#: book.translate.xml:41867 book.translate.xml:42073 book.translate.xml:42276 msgid "Configure Networking" msgstr "設定網路" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:41852 +#: book.translate.xml:41869 msgid "" "The most basic networking setup uses DHCP to connect the virtual machine to " "the same local area network as the host MacVirtual PC for Windows" @@ -60609,7 +61193,7 @@ "Virtual PC 安裝 FreeBSD 為客端" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:41868 +#: book.translate.xml:41885 msgid "" "Virtual PC for Windows is a MicrosoftVirtual PC" msgstr "在 Virtual PC 安裝 FreeBSD " #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41880 +#: book.translate.xml:41897 msgid "" "The first step in installing FreeBSD on Virtual PC is to create a new virtual machine for installing FreeBSD. " @@ -60651,7 +61235,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41888 +#: book.translate.xml:41905 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd1' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -60661,13 +61245,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41894 +#: book.translate.xml:41911 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd2' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41898 +#: book.translate.xml:41915 msgid "" "Select Other as the Operating " "system when prompted:" @@ -60680,13 +61264,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41904 +#: book.translate.xml:41921 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd3' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41908 +#: book.translate.xml:41925 msgid "" "Then, choose a reasonable amount of disk and memory depending on the plans " "for this virtual FreeBSD instance. 4GB of disk space and 512MB of RAM work " @@ -60701,7 +61285,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41915 +#: book.translate.xml:41932 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd4' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -60711,7 +61295,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41921 +#: book.translate.xml:41938 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd5' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -60721,13 +61305,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41929 +#: book.translate.xml:41946 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd6' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41933 +#: book.translate.xml:41950 msgid "" "Select the FreeBSD virtual machine and click Settings, " "then set the type of networking and a network interface:" @@ -60740,7 +61324,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41939 +#: book.translate.xml:41956 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd7' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -60750,13 +61334,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41945 +#: book.translate.xml:41962 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd8' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41949 +#: book.translate.xml:41966 msgid "" "After the FreeBSD virtual machine has been created, FreeBSD can be installed " "on it. This is best done with an official FreeBSD CD/" @@ -60788,7 +61372,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41967 +#: book.translate.xml:41984 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd9' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -60798,13 +61382,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41973 +#: book.translate.xml:41990 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd10' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41977 +#: book.translate.xml:41994 msgid "" "Once this association with the CD-ROM source has been " "made, reboot the FreeBSD virtual machine by clicking ActionCD/DVD or release the ISO image. " @@ -60862,18 +61446,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42009 +#: book.translate.xml:42026 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd13' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42015 +#: book.translate.xml:42032 msgid "Configuring FreeBSD on Virtual PC" msgstr "在 Virtual PC 設定 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42018 +#: book.translate.xml:42035 msgid "" "After FreeBSD has been successfully installed on Microsoft kern.hz tunable to " "reduce the CPU utilization of FreeBSD under the Virtual PC/boot/loader.conf 來完成：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42037 +#: book.translate.xml:42054 msgid "" "Without this setting, an idle FreeBSD Virtual PC " "guest OS will use roughly 40% of the CPU of a single processor computer. " @@ -60909,7 +61493,7 @@ "OS 會消耗掉單一處理器的電腦 40% 的 CPU。完成此更改後使用率會減至接近 3%。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42047 +#: book.translate.xml:42064 msgid "" "All of the SCSI, FireWire, and USB device drivers can be removed from a " "custom kernel configuration file. Virtual PC " @@ -60930,7 +61514,7 @@ "citerefentry> 外的所有網路裝置可以自核心中移除。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42058 +#: book.translate.xml:42075 msgid "" "The most basic networking setup uses DHCP to connect the virtual machine to " "the same local area network as the 中描述。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:42071 +#: book.translate.xml:42088 msgid "" "FreeBSD as a Guest on VMware Fusion for " "Mac OS" @@ -60955,7 +61539,7 @@ "Fusion 安裝 FreeBSD 為客端" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42074 +#: book.translate.xml:42091 msgid "" "VMware Fusion for Mac is a commercial software product available for 後，使用者必先完成虛擬機器的設定後才可安裝想使用的客端作業系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42083 +#: book.translate.xml:42100 msgid "Installing FreeBSD on VMware Fusion" msgstr "在 VMware Fusion 安裝 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42086 +#: book.translate.xml:42103 msgid "" "The first step is to start VMware Fusion which " "will load the Virtual Machine Library. Click New " @@ -60995,13 +61579,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42093 +#: book.translate.xml:42110 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd01' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42097 +#: book.translate.xml:42114 msgid "" "This will load the New Virtual Machine Assistant. Click " "Continue to proceed:" @@ -61014,13 +61598,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42102 +#: book.translate.xml:42119 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd02' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42106 +#: book.translate.xml:42123 msgid "" "Select Other as the Operating " "System and either FreeBSD or " @@ -61037,13 +61621,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42114 +#: book.translate.xml:42131 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd03' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42118 +#: book.translate.xml:42135 msgid "" "Choose the name of the virtual machine and the directory where it should be " "saved:" @@ -61054,13 +61638,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42123 +#: book.translate.xml:42140 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd04' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42127 +#: book.translate.xml:42144 msgid "Choose the size of the Virtual Hard Disk for the virtual machine:" msgstr "選擇虛擬機器的 Virtual Hard Disk 大小：" @@ -61069,13 +61653,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42132 +#: book.translate.xml:42149 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd05' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42136 +#: book.translate.xml:42153 msgid "" "Choose the method to install the virtual machine, either from an " "ISO image or from a CD/DVDFinish and the virtual machine will boot:" msgstr "點選 Finish 接著虛擬機器會開機：" @@ -61105,13 +61689,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42151 +#: book.translate.xml:42168 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd07' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42155 +#: book.translate.xml:42172 msgid "Install FreeBSD as usual:" msgstr "照往常方式安裝 FreeBSD：" @@ -61120,13 +61704,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42159 +#: book.translate.xml:42176 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd08' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42163 +#: book.translate.xml:42180 msgid "" "Once the install is complete, the settings of the virtual machine can be " "modified, such as memory usage:" @@ -61133,7 +61717,7 @@ msgstr "安裝完成後，可以修改虛擬機器的設定，例如記憶體使用量：" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:42167 +#: book.translate.xml:42184 msgid "" "The System Hardware settings of the virtual machine cannot be modified while " "the virtual machine is running." @@ -61144,13 +61728,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42174 +#: book.translate.xml:42191 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd09' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42178 +#: book.translate.xml:42195 msgid "The number of CPUs the virtual machine will have access to:" msgstr "虛擬機器要使用的 CPU 數量：" @@ -61159,13 +61743,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42183 +#: book.translate.xml:42200 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd10' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42187 +#: book.translate.xml:42204 msgid "" "The status of the CD-ROM device. Normally the " "CD/DVD/ISO is " @@ -61180,13 +61764,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42195 +#: book.translate.xml:42212 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd11' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42199 +#: book.translate.xml:42216 msgid "" "The last thing to change is how the virtual machine will connect to the " "network. To allow connections to the virtual machine from other machines " @@ -61207,13 +61791,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42211 +#: book.translate.xml:42228 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd12' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42215 +#: book.translate.xml:42232 msgid "" "After modifying the settings, boot the newly installed FreeBSD virtual " "machine." @@ -61220,12 +61804,12 @@ msgstr "在修改設定之後，開機進入新安裝的 FreeBSD 虛擬機器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42220 +#: book.translate.xml:42237 msgid "Configuring FreeBSD on VMware Fusion" msgstr "在 VMware Fusion 設定 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42223 +#: book.translate.xml:42240 msgid "" "After FreeBSD has been successfully installed on Mac OS X with VMware Fusionkern.hz tunable to " "reduce the CPU utilization of FreeBSD under the VMware Fusion/boot/loader.conf 來完成：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42241 +#: book.translate.xml:42258 msgid "" "Without this setting, an idle FreeBSD VMware Fusion guest will use roughly 15% of the CPU of a single processor " @@ -61261,7 +61845,7 @@ "近 15% 的 CPU。完成此更改後使用率會減至接近 5%。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42250 +#: book.translate.xml:42267 msgid "" "All of the FireWire, and USB device drivers can be removed from a custom " "kernel configuration file. VMware Fusion provides " @@ -61279,7 +61863,7 @@ "核心中移除。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42261 +#: book.translate.xml:42278 msgid "" "The most basic networking setup uses DHCP to connect the virtual machine to " "the same local area network as the host MacVirtualBox" msgstr "在 VirtualBox 使用 FreeBSD 作為客端" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42276 +#: book.translate.xml:42293 msgid "" "FreeBSD works well as a guest in VirtualBox. The virtualization software is available for most " @@ -61307,7 +61891,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42281 +#: book.translate.xml:42298 msgid "" "The VirtualBox guest " "additions provide support for:" @@ -61314,37 +61898,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42286 +#: book.translate.xml:42303 msgid "Clipboard sharing." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42290 +#: book.translate.xml:42307 msgid "Mouse pointer integration." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42294 +#: book.translate.xml:42311 msgid "Host time synchronization." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42298 +#: book.translate.xml:42315 msgid "Window scaling." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42302 +#: book.translate.xml:42319 msgid "Seamless mode." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:42307 +#: book.translate.xml:42324 msgid "These commands are run in the FreeBSD guest." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42310 +#: book.translate.xml:42327 msgid "" "First, install the emulators/virtualbox-ose-additions " "package or port in the FreeBSD guest. This will install the port:" @@ -61351,18 +61935,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42314 +#: book.translate.xml:42331 #, no-wrap msgid "# cd /usr/ports/emulators/virtualbox-ose-additions && make install clean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42316 +#: book.translate.xml:42333 msgid "Add these lines to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42318 +#: book.translate.xml:42335 #, no-wrap msgid "" "vboxguest_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -61370,7 +61954,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42321 +#: book.translate.xml:42338 msgid "" "If ntpd8 or ntpdateXorg will automatically recognize the " "vboxvideo driver. It can also be manually entered in " @@ -61393,7 +61977,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42331 +#: book.translate.xml:42348 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -61405,7 +61989,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42338 +#: book.translate.xml:42355 msgid "" "To use the vboxmouse driver, adjust the mouse section in " "/etc/X11/xorg.conf:" @@ -61412,7 +61996,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42341 +#: book.translate.xml:42358 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"InputDevice\"\n" @@ -61422,7 +62006,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42346 +#: book.translate.xml:42363 msgid "" "HAL users should create the following /usr/" "local/etc/hal/fdi/policy/90-vboxguest.fdi or copy it from " @@ -61431,7 +62015,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42351 +#: book.translate.xml:42368 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n" @@ -61469,12 +62053,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:42386 +#: book.translate.xml:42403 msgid "FreeBSD as a Host with VirtualBox" msgstr "以 FreeBSD 作為主端安裝 VirtualBox " #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42389 +#: book.translate.xml:42406 msgid "" "VirtualBox is an actively " "developed, complete virtualization package, that is available for most " @@ -61492,12 +62076,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42402 +#: book.translate.xml:42419 msgid "Installing VirtualBox" msgstr "安裝 VirtualBox" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42404 +#: book.translate.xml:42421 msgid "" "VirtualBox is available as " "a FreeBSD package or port in emulators/virtualbox-ose. " @@ -61505,7 +62089,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42409 +#: book.translate.xml:42426 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/emulators/virtualbox-ose\n" @@ -61513,7 +62097,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42412 +#: book.translate.xml:42429 msgid "" "One useful option in the port's configuration menu is the " "GuestAdditions suite of programs. These provide a number " @@ -61526,7 +62110,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42422 +#: book.translate.xml:42439 msgid "" "A few configuration changes are needed before " "VirtualBox is started for " @@ -61535,13 +62119,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42428 +#: book.translate.xml:42445 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload vboxdrv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42430 +#: book.translate.xml:42447 msgid "" "To ensure the module is always loaded after a reboot, add this line to " "/boot/loader.conf:" @@ -61548,13 +62132,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42434 +#: book.translate.xml:42451 #, no-wrap msgid "vboxdrv_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42436 +#: book.translate.xml:42453 msgid "" "To use the kernel modules that allow bridged or host-only networking, add " "this line to /etc/rc.conf and reboot the computer:" @@ -61561,13 +62145,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42441 +#: book.translate.xml:42458 #, no-wrap msgid "vboxnet_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42443 +#: book.translate.xml:42460 msgid "" "The vboxusers group is created " "during installation of VirtualBox# pw groupmod vboxusers -m yourusername" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42452 +#: book.translate.xml:42469 msgid "" "The default permissions for /dev/vboxnetctl are " "restrictive and need to be changed for bridged networking:" @@ -61591,7 +62175,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42456 +#: book.translate.xml:42473 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chown root:vboxusers /dev/vboxnetctl\n" @@ -61599,7 +62183,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42459 +#: book.translate.xml:42476 msgid "" "To make this permissions change permanent, add these lines to /etc/" "devfs.conf:" @@ -61606,7 +62190,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42462 +#: book.translate.xml:42479 #, no-wrap msgid "" "own vboxnetctl root:vboxusers\n" @@ -61614,7 +62198,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42465 +#: book.translate.xml:42482 msgid "" "To launch VirtualBox, type " "from a Xorg session:" @@ -61621,13 +62205,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42468 +#: book.translate.xml:42485 #, no-wrap msgid "% VirtualBox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42470 +#: book.translate.xml:42487 msgid "" "For more information on configuring and using " "VirtualBox, refer to the " @@ -61638,71 +62222,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42479 +#: book.translate.xml:42496 msgid "VirtualBox USB Support" msgstr "VirtualBox USB 支援" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42481 +#: book.translate.xml:42498 msgid "" -"In order to be able to read and write to USB devices, users need to be " -"members of operator:" +"The VirtualBox extension " +"pack is not available for FreeBSD hosts. Without the extension pack, the " +"FreeBSD host cannot pass USB ports through to guest " +"operating systems." msgstr "" -#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42485 -#, no-wrap -msgid "# pw groupmod operator -m jerry" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42487 -msgid "" -"Then, add the following to /etc/devfs.rules, or create " -"this file if it does not exist yet:" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42491 -#, no-wrap -msgid "" -"[system=10]\n" -"add path 'usb/*' mode 0660 group operator" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42494 -msgid "" -"To load these new rules, add the following to /etc/rc.conf:" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42497 -#, no-wrap -msgid "devfs_system_ruleset=\"system\"" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42499 -msgid "Then, restart devfs:" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42501 book.translate.xml:42551 -#, no-wrap -msgid "# service devfs restart" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42503 -msgid "" -"USB can now be enabled in the guest operating system. USB devices should be " -"visible in the VirtualBox preferences." -msgstr "" - #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42509 +#: book.translate.xml:42505 msgid "" "VirtualBox Host DVD/CD Access" @@ -61711,7 +62245,7 @@ "acronym> 存取" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42512 +#: book.translate.xml:42508 msgid "" "Access to the host DVD/CD drives from " "guests is achieved through the sharing of the physical drives. Within " @@ -61726,7 +62260,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42526 +#: book.translate.xml:42522 msgid "" "HAL needs to run for VirtualBox DVD/CD " @@ -61735,19 +62269,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42532 +#: book.translate.xml:42528 #, no-wrap msgid "hald_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42534 +#: book.translate.xml:42530 #, no-wrap msgid "# service hald start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42536 +#: book.translate.xml:42532 msgid "" "In order for users to be able to use VirtualBox DVD/CD " @@ -61760,7 +62294,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42547 +#: book.translate.xml:42543 #, no-wrap msgid "" "perm cd* 0660\n" @@ -61768,13 +62302,19 @@ "perm pass* 0660" msgstr "" +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:42547 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# service devfs restart" +msgstr "" + #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:42556 +#: book.translate.xml:42552 msgid "FreeBSD as a Host with bhyve" msgstr "以 FreeBSD 作為主端安裝 bhyve " #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42559 +#: book.translate.xml:42555 msgid "" "The bhyve BSD-licensed " "hypervisor became part of the base system with FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE. This " @@ -61787,7 +62327,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42570 +#: book.translate.xml:42566 msgid "" "The bhyve design requires a processor that " "supports Intel Extended Page " @@ -61816,12 +62356,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42595 +#: book.translate.xml:42591 msgid "Preparing the Host" msgstr "準備主端" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42597 +#: book.translate.xml:42593 msgid "" "The first step to creating a virtual machine in bhyve is configuring the host system. First, load the " @@ -61829,13 +62369,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42602 +#: book.translate.xml:42598 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload vmm" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42604 +#: book.translate.xml:42600 msgid "" "Then, create a tap interface for the network device in " "the virtual machine to attach to. In order for the network device to " @@ -61845,7 +62385,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42612 +#: book.translate.xml:42608 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig tap0 create\n" @@ -61857,12 +62397,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42621 +#: book.translate.xml:42617 msgid "Creating a FreeBSD Guest" msgstr "建立 FreeBSD 客端" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42623 +#: book.translate.xml:42619 msgid "" "Create a file to use as the virtual disk for the guest machine. Specify the " "size and name of the virtual disk:" @@ -61869,18 +62409,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42627 +#: book.translate.xml:42623 #, no-wrap msgid "# truncate -s 16G guest.img" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42629 +#: book.translate.xml:42625 msgid "Download an installation image of FreeBSD to install:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42631 +#: book.translate.xml:42627 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# fetch ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso\n" @@ -61888,7 +62428,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42634 +#: book.translate.xml:42630 msgid "" "FreeBSD comes with an example script for running a virtual machine in " "bhyve. The script will start the virtual machine " @@ -61906,13 +62446,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42651 +#: book.translate.xml:42647 #, no-wrap msgid "# sh /usr/share/examples/bhyve/vmrun.sh -c 4 -m 1024M -t tap0 -d guest.img -i -I FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso guestname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42653 +#: book.translate.xml:42649 msgid "" "The virtual machine will boot and start the installer. After installing a " "system in the virtual machine, when the system asks about dropping in to a " @@ -61923,13 +62463,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42661 +#: book.translate.xml:42657 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyu0 \"/usr/libexec/getty 3wire\" xterm on secure" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:42663 +#: book.translate.xml:42659 msgid "" "Beginning with FreeBSD 9.3-RELEASE and 10.1-RELEASE the console is " "configured automatically." @@ -61936,7 +62476,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42667 +#: book.translate.xml:42663 msgid "" "Reboot the virtual machine. While rebooting the virtual machine causes " "bhyve to exit, the vmrun.sh " @@ -61947,18 +62487,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42675 +#: book.translate.xml:42671 #, no-wrap msgid "# sh /usr/share/examples/bhyve/vmrun.sh -c 4 -m 1024M -t tap0 -d guest.img guestname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42679 +#: book.translate.xml:42675 msgid "Creating a Linux Guest" msgstr "建立 Linux 客端" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42681 +#: book.translate.xml:42677 msgid "" "In order to boot operating systems other than FreeBSD, the sysutils/" "grub2-bhyve port must be first installed." @@ -61965,18 +62505,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42685 +#: book.translate.xml:42681 msgid "Next, create a file to use as the virtual disk for the guest machine:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42688 +#: book.translate.xml:42684 #, no-wrap msgid "# truncate -s 16G linux.img" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42690 +#: book.translate.xml:42686 msgid "" "Starting a virtual machine with bhyve is a two " "step process. First a kernel must be loaded, then the guest can be started. " @@ -61987,7 +62527,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42699 +#: book.translate.xml:42695 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(hd0) ./linux.img\n" @@ -61995,7 +62535,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42702 +#: book.translate.xml:42698 msgid "" "Use sysutils/grub2-bhyve to load the Linux kernel from the ISO " @@ -62003,13 +62543,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42705 +#: book.translate.xml:42701 #, no-wrap msgid "# grub-bhyve -m device.map -r cd0 -M 1024M linuxguest" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42707 +#: book.translate.xml:42703 msgid "" "This will start grub. If the installation CD contains a " "grub.cfg, a menu will be displayed. If not, the " @@ -62018,7 +62558,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42714 +#: book.translate.xml:42710 #, no-wrap msgid "" "grub> ls\n" @@ -62032,7 +62572,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42723 +#: book.translate.xml:42719 msgid "" "Now that the Linux kernel is " "loaded, the guest can be started:" @@ -62039,7 +62579,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42726 +#: book.translate.xml:42722 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap1 -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./linux.img \\\n" @@ -62047,7 +62587,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42729 +#: book.translate.xml:42725 msgid "" "The system will boot and start the installer. After installing a system in " "the virtual machine, reboot the virtual machine. This will cause " @@ -62056,19 +62596,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42735 book.translate.xml:42763 +#: book.translate.xml:42731 book.translate.xml:42759 #, no-wrap msgid "# bhyvectl --destroy --vm=linuxguest" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42737 +#: book.translate.xml:42733 msgid "" "Now the guest can be started directly from the virtual disk. Load the kernel:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42740 +#: book.translate.xml:42736 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# grub-bhyve -m device.map -r hd0,msdos1 -M 1024M linuxguest\n" @@ -62085,12 +62625,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42752 +#: book.translate.xml:42748 msgid "Boot the virtual machine:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42754 +#: book.translate.xml:42750 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap1 \\\n" @@ -62098,7 +62638,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42757 +#: book.translate.xml:42753 msgid "" "Linux will now boot in the " "virtual machine and eventually present you with the login prompt. Login and " @@ -62108,13 +62648,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42767 +#: book.translate.xml:42763 msgid "" "Using ZFS with bhyve Guests" msgstr "在 bhyve Guests 使用 ZFS" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42770 +#: book.translate.xml:42766 msgid "" "If ZFS is available on the host machine, using " "ZFS volumes instead of disk image files can provide " @@ -62123,13 +62663,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42776 +#: book.translate.xml:42772 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs create -V16G -o volmode=dev zroot/linuxdisk0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42778 +#: book.translate.xml:42774 msgid "" "When starting the VM, specify the ZFS " "volume as the disk drive:" @@ -62136,7 +62676,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42781 +#: book.translate.xml:42777 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap1 -s3:0,virtio-blk,/dev/zvol/zroot/linuxdisk0 \\\n" @@ -62144,12 +62684,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42786 +#: book.translate.xml:42782 msgid "Virtual Machine Consoles" msgstr "虛擬機器 Console" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42788 +#: book.translate.xml:42784 msgid "" "It is advantageous to wrap the bhyve console in a " "session management tool such as sysutils/tmux or " @@ -62166,7 +62706,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42805 +#: book.translate.xml:42801 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kldload nmdm\n" @@ -62181,12 +62721,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42817 +#: book.translate.xml:42813 msgid "Managing Virtual Machines" msgstr "管理虛擬機器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42819 +#: book.translate.xml:42815 msgid "" "A device node is created in /dev/vmm " "for each virtual machine. This allows the administrator to easily see a list " @@ -62194,7 +62734,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42823 +#: book.translate.xml:42819 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ls -al /dev/vmm\n" @@ -62207,7 +62747,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42831 +#: book.translate.xml:42827 msgid "" "A specified virtual machine can be destroyed using bhyvectl:" @@ -62214,18 +62754,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42834 +#: book.translate.xml:42830 #, no-wrap msgid "# bhyvectl --destroy --vm=guestname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42838 +#: book.translate.xml:42834 msgid "Persistent Configuration" msgstr "Persistent 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42840 +#: book.translate.xml:42836 msgid "" "In order to configure the system to start bhyve " "guests at boot time, the following configurations must be made in the " @@ -62233,23 +62773,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:42847 +#: book.translate.xml:42843 msgid "/etc/sysctl.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42849 +#: book.translate.xml:42845 #, no-wrap msgid "net.link.tap.up_on_open=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:42853 +#: book.translate.xml:42849 msgid "/boot/loader.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42855 +#: book.translate.xml:42851 #, no-wrap msgid "" "vmm_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -62259,12 +62799,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:42862 +#: book.translate.xml:42858 msgid "/etc/rc.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42864 +#: book.translate.xml:42860 #, no-wrap msgid "" "cloned_interfaces=\"bridge0 tap0\"\n" @@ -62272,7 +62812,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:42892 +#: book.translate.xml:42888 msgid "" "Localization - i18n/L10n Usage and " "Setup" @@ -62279,7 +62819,7 @@ msgstr "在地化 - i18n/L10n 使用與安裝" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:42897 +#: book.translate.xml:42893 msgid "" "AndreyChernovContributed by " @@ -62286,7 +62826,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:42901 +#: book.translate.xml:42897 msgid "" "Michael C.WuRewritten by " @@ -62293,7 +62833,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42911 +#: book.translate.xml:42907 msgid "" "FreeBSD is a distributed project with users and contributors located all " "over the world. As such, FreeBSD supports localization into many languages, " @@ -62306,17 +62846,17 @@ "含但不限於以下語言：中文、德文、日文、韓文、法文、俄文及越南文。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:42919 +#: book.translate.xml:42915 msgid "internationalization localization" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:42923 +#: book.translate.xml:42919 msgid "localization" msgstr "在地化" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42925 +#: book.translate.xml:42921 msgid "" "The term internationalization has been shortened to i18n, " "which represents the number of letters between the first and the last " @@ -62332,7 +62872,7 @@ "方法、協定及應用程式讓使用者可以自己選擇使用的語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42935 +#: book.translate.xml:42931 msgid "" "This chapter discusses the internationalization and localization features of " "FreeBSD. After reading this chapter, you will know:" @@ -62339,38 +62879,38 @@ msgstr "本章會討論 FreeBSD 的國際化及在地化功能。在閱讀本章之後，您會了解：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42941 +#: book.translate.xml:42937 msgid "How locale names are constructed." msgstr "語系名稱如何組成。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42945 +#: book.translate.xml:42941 msgid "How to set the locale for a login shell." msgstr "如何設定登入 Shell 的語系。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42949 +#: book.translate.xml:42945 msgid "How to configure the console for non-English languages." msgstr "如何設定 Console 給非英文語言的使用者。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42954 +#: book.translate.xml:42950 msgid "" "How to configure Xorg for different languages." msgstr "如果設定 Xorg 使用不同語言。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42959 +#: book.translate.xml:42955 msgid "How to find i18n-compliant applications." msgstr "如何找到支援 i18n 的應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42964 +#: book.translate.xml:42960 msgid "Where to find more information for configuring specific languages." msgstr "那裡可以找到更多設定特定語言的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42972 +#: book.translate.xml:42968 msgid "" "Know how to install additional third-party " "applications." @@ -62377,18 +62917,18 @@ msgstr "了解如何 安裝其他第三方應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:42979 +#: book.translate.xml:42975 msgid "Using Localization" msgstr "使用語系" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:42981 book.translate.xml:43098 +#: book.translate.xml:42977 book.translate.xml:43094 msgid "locale" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42983 +#: book.translate.xml:42979 msgid "" "Localization settings are based on three components: the language code, " "country code, and encoding. Locale names are constructed from these parts as " @@ -62398,23 +62938,23 @@ "下：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42987 +#: book.translate.xml:42983 #, no-wrap msgid "LanguageCode_CountryCode.Encoding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:42989 +#: book.translate.xml:42985 msgid "language codes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:42990 +#: book.translate.xml:42986 msgid "country codes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42992 +#: book.translate.xml:42988 msgid "" "The LanguageCode and CountryCode are used to determine the country and the specific language " @@ -62428,79 +62968,79 @@ "replaceable> 的範例：" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:42998 +#: book.translate.xml:42994 msgid "Common Language and Country Codes" msgstr "常用語言及城市代碼" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43003 +#: book.translate.xml:42999 msgid "LanguageCode_Country Code" msgstr "語言代號_城市代號" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43010 +#: book.translate.xml:43006 msgid "en_US" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43011 +#: book.translate.xml:43007 msgid "English, United States" msgstr "英文，美國" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43015 +#: book.translate.xml:43011 msgid "ru_RU" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43016 +#: book.translate.xml:43012 msgid "Russian, Russia" msgstr "俄文，俄國" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43020 +#: book.translate.xml:43016 msgid "zh_TW" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43021 +#: book.translate.xml:43017 msgid "Traditional Chinese, Taiwan" msgstr "繁體中文，台灣" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43027 +#: book.translate.xml:43023 msgid "A complete listing of available locales can be found by typing:" msgstr "完整可用的語系清單可用以下指令查詢：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43030 +#: book.translate.xml:43026 #, no-wrap msgid "% locale -a | more" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43032 +#: book.translate.xml:43028 msgid "To determine the current locale setting:" msgstr "查詢目前使用的語系設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43034 +#: book.translate.xml:43030 #, no-wrap msgid "% locale" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43036 +#: book.translate.xml:43032 msgid "encodings" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43037 +#: book.translate.xml:43033 msgid "ASCII" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43039 +#: book.translate.xml:43035 msgid "" "Language specific character sets, such as ISO8859-1, ISO8859-15, KOI8-R, and " "CP437, are described in multibyteASCII characters and require an extended language " @@ -62533,12 +63073,12 @@ "組字元支援或者使用正確的字元設定來編譯應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:43057 +#: book.translate.xml:43053 msgid "FreeBSD uses Xorg-compatible locale encodings." msgstr "FreeBSD 使用 Xorg 相容的語系編碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43060 +#: book.translate.xml:43056 msgid "" "The rest of this section describes the various methods for configuring the " "locale on a FreeBSD system. The next section will discuss the considerations " @@ -62548,12 +63088,12 @@ "找以及編譯使用 i18n 支援的應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43066 +#: book.translate.xml:43062 msgid "Setting Locale for Login Shell" msgstr "設定登入 Shell 的語系" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43068 +#: book.translate.xml:43064 msgid "" "Locale settings are configured either in a user's ~/.login_conf or in the startup file of the user's shell: ~/.profile~/.cshrc。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43075 +#: book.translate.xml:43071 msgid "Two environment variables should be set:" msgstr "有兩個環境變數需要設定：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43080 +#: book.translate.xml:43076 msgid "LANG, which sets the locale<_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "LANG 用來設定語系<_:indexterm-1/>" #. (itstool) path: listitem/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43085 +#: book.translate.xml:43081 msgid "MIME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43087 +#: book.translate.xml:43083 msgid "" "MM_CHARSET, which sets the MIME character " "set used by applications" @@ -62588,7 +63128,7 @@ "元集" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43093 +#: book.translate.xml:43089 msgid "" "In addition to the user's shell configuration, these variables should also " "be set for specific application configuration and Xorglogin class" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43101 +#: book.translate.xml:43097 msgid "" "Two methods are available for making the needed variable assignments: the " "login class method, which is the " @@ -62616,12 +63156,12 @@ "(Startup file) 法。以下兩節將示範如何使用這兩個方法。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:43109 +#: book.translate.xml:43105 msgid "Login Classes Method" msgstr "登入類別 (Login Class) 法" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43111 +#: book.translate.xml:43107 msgid "" "This first method is the recommended method as it assigns the required " "environment variables for locale name and MIME character " @@ -62633,7 +63173,7 @@ "者設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43118 +#: book.translate.xml:43114 msgid "" "This minimal example sets both variables for Latin-1 encoding in the " ".login_conf of an individual user's home directory:" @@ -62642,7 +63182,7 @@ "定 Latin-1 編碼使用的兩個環境變數：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43122 +#: book.translate.xml:43118 #, no-wrap msgid "" "me:\\\n" @@ -62651,13 +63191,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43126 +#: book.translate.xml:43122 msgid "" "Traditional Chinese BIG-5 encoding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43129 +#: book.translate.xml:43125 msgid "" "Here is an example of a user's ~/.login_conf that sets " "the variables for Traditional Chinese in BIG-5 encoding. More variables are " @@ -62669,7 +63209,7 @@ "因此需要額外多做一些設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43136 +#: book.translate.xml:43132 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#Users who do not wish to use monetary units or time formats\n" @@ -62682,7 +63222,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43144 +#: book.translate.xml:43140 msgid "" "Alternately, the superuser can configure all users of the system for " "localization. The following variables in /etc/login.conf 中的變數可用來設定語系及 MIME 字元集：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43149 +#: book.translate.xml:43145 #, no-wrap msgid "" "language_name|Account Type Description:\\\n" @@ -62703,12 +63243,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43154 +#: book.translate.xml:43150 msgid "So, the previous Latin-1 example would look like this:" msgstr "若套用之前的 Latin-1 編碼範例如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43157 +#: book.translate.xml:43153 #, no-wrap msgid "" "german|German Users Accounts:\\\n" @@ -62718,7 +63258,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43162 +#: book.translate.xml:43158 msgid "" "See login.conf5 for more details about these variables." @@ -62727,7 +63267,7 @@ "manvolnum> 以取得更多有關這些變數的詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43165 +#: book.translate.xml:43161 msgid "" "Whenever /etc/login.conf is edited, remember to execute " "the following command to update the capability database:" @@ -62736,17 +63276,17 @@ "新登入類別的能力資料庫(Capability database)：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:43172 +#: book.translate.xml:43168 msgid "Utilities Which Change Login Classes" msgstr "變更登入類別的工具" #. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43174 +#: book.translate.xml:43170 msgid "vipw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43178 +#: book.translate.xml:43174 msgid "" "In addition to manually editing /etc/login.conf, " "several utilities are available for setting the locale for newly created " @@ -62756,7 +63296,7 @@ "新建立的使用者設定語系。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43183 +#: book.translate.xml:43179 msgid "" "When using vipw to add new users, specify the " "language to set the locale:" @@ -62765,13 +63305,13 @@ "replaceable> 來設定語系：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43187 +#: book.translate.xml:43183 #, no-wrap msgid "user:password:1111:11:language:0:0:User Name:/home/user:/bin/sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43194 +#: book.translate.xml:43190 msgid "" "When using adduser to add new users, the default language " "can be pre-configured for all new users or specified for an individual user." @@ -62780,7 +63320,7 @@ "者事先設定預設的語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43198 +#: book.translate.xml:43194 msgid "" "If all new users use the same language, set " "defaultclass=language in " @@ -62791,7 +63331,7 @@ "literal>。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43202 +#: book.translate.xml:43198 msgid "" "To override this setting when creating a user, either input the required " "locale at this prompt:" @@ -62798,24 +63338,24 @@ msgstr "要在建立使用者時覆蓋預設的設定，可在出現此提示時輸入需要的語系：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43205 +#: book.translate.xml:43201 #, no-wrap msgid "Enter login class: default []:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43207 +#: book.translate.xml:43203 msgid "or specify the locale to set when invoking adduser:" msgstr "或執行 adduser 時指定語系：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43210 +#: book.translate.xml:43206 #, no-wrap msgid "# adduser -class language" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43216 +#: book.translate.xml:43212 msgid "" "If pw is used to add new users, specify the locale as " "follows:" @@ -62822,18 +63362,18 @@ msgstr "若使用 pw 來新增使用者，則可指定語系如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43219 +#: book.translate.xml:43215 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw useradd user_name -L language" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:43224 +#: book.translate.xml:43220 msgid "Shell Startup File Method" msgstr "Shell 啟動檔 (Startup File) 法" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43226 +#: book.translate.xml:43222 msgid "" "This second method is not recommended as each shell that is used requires " "manual configuration, where each shell has a different configuration file " @@ -62850,7 +63390,7 @@ "filename> 或 /usr/share/skel/dot.profile：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43237 +#: book.translate.xml:43233 #, no-wrap msgid "" "LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG\n" @@ -62858,7 +63398,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43240 +#: book.translate.xml:43236 msgid "" "However, the name of the configuration file and the syntax used differs for " "the csh shell. These are the equivalent settings for " @@ -62870,7 +63410,7 @@ "login 或 /usr/share/skel/dot.login：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43247 +#: book.translate.xml:43243 #, no-wrap msgid "" "setenv LANG de_DE.ISO8859-1\n" @@ -62878,7 +63418,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43250 +#: book.translate.xml:43246 msgid "" "To complicate matters, the syntax needed to configure Xorg in ~/.xinitrc also depends upon the shell. " @@ -62890,24 +63430,24 @@ "command> shell 而第二個則是針對 csh shell：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43257 +#: book.translate.xml:43253 #, no-wrap msgid "LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43259 +#: book.translate.xml:43255 #, no-wrap msgid "setenv LANG de_DE.ISO8859-1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43264 +#: book.translate.xml:43260 msgid "Console Setup" msgstr "Console 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43266 +#: book.translate.xml:43262 msgid "" "Several localized fonts are available for the console. To see a listing of " "available fonts, type ls /usr/share/syscons/fonts. To " @@ -62921,7 +63461,7 @@ "型名稱 font_name：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43274 +#: book.translate.xml:43270 #, no-wrap msgid "" "font8x16=font_name\n" @@ -62930,17 +63470,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43278 +#: book.translate.xml:43274 msgid "keymap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43279 +#: book.translate.xml:43275 msgid "screenmap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43280 +#: book.translate.xml:43276 msgid "" "The keymap and screenmap can be set by adding the following to /" "etc/rc.conf:" @@ -62949,7 +63489,7 @@ "rc.conf 來設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43283 +#: book.translate.xml:43279 #, no-wrap msgid "" "scrnmap=screenmap_name\n" @@ -62958,7 +63498,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43287 +#: book.translate.xml:43283 msgid "" "To see the list of available screenmaps, type ls /usr/share/syscons/" "scrnmaps. Do not include the .scm suffix when " @@ -62974,7 +63514,7 @@ "8 的欄位，字母會移出虛擬繪圖區 (Pseudographics area)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43296 +#: book.translate.xml:43292 msgid "" "To see the list of available keymaps, type ls /usr/share/syscons/" "keymaps. When specifying the keymap_name。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43303 +#: book.translate.xml:43299 msgid "" "The keychange entry is usually needed to program function " "keys to match the selected terminal type because function key sequences " @@ -62999,7 +63539,7 @@ "定對應選擇終對機類型的功能鍵。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43308 +#: book.translate.xml:43304 msgid "" "Next, set the correct console terminal type in /etc/ttys for all virtual terminal entries. cons25l1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43331 +#: book.translate.xml:43327 msgid "ISO8859-2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43332 +#: book.translate.xml:43328 msgid "cons25l2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43336 +#: book.translate.xml:43332 msgid "ISO8859-7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43337 +#: book.translate.xml:43333 msgid "cons25l7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43341 +#: book.translate.xml:43337 msgid "KOI8-R" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43342 +#: book.translate.xml:43338 msgid "cons25r" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43346 +#: book.translate.xml:43342 msgid "KOI8-U" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43347 +#: book.translate.xml:43343 msgid "cons25u" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43351 +#: book.translate.xml:43347 msgid "CP437 (VGA default)" msgstr "CP437 (VGA 預設值)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43352 +#: book.translate.xml:43348 msgid "cons25" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43356 +#: book.translate.xml:43352 msgid "US-ASCII" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43357 +#: book.translate.xml:43353 msgid "cons25w" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43363 +#: book.translate.xml:43359 msgid "moused" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43367 +#: book.translate.xml:43363 msgid "" "For languages with wide or multibyte characters, install a console for that " "language from the FreeBSD Ports Collection. The available ports are " @@ -63114,73 +63654,73 @@ "用說明。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:43374 +#: book.translate.xml:43370 msgid "Available Console from Ports Collection" msgstr "Port 套件集中可用的 Console" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43379 book.translate.xml:43458 +#: book.translate.xml:43375 book.translate.xml:43454 msgid "Language" msgstr "語言" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43380 +#: book.translate.xml:43376 msgid "Port Location" msgstr "Port 位置" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43386 +#: book.translate.xml:43382 msgid "Traditional Chinese (BIG-5)" msgstr "繁體中文 (BIG-5)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43387 +#: book.translate.xml:43383 msgid "chinese/big5con" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43391 book.translate.xml:43396 +#: book.translate.xml:43387 book.translate.xml:43392 msgid "Chinese/Japanese/Korean" msgstr "中文/日文/韓文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43392 +#: book.translate.xml:43388 msgid "chinese/cce" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43397 +#: book.translate.xml:43393 msgid "chinese/zhcon" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43401 book.translate.xml:43406 book.translate.xml:43411 -#: book.translate.xml:43501 book.translate.xml:43506 book.translate.xml:43511 -#: book.translate.xml:43516 book.translate.xml:43521 book.translate.xml:43526 -#: book.translate.xml:43531 book.translate.xml:43536 book.translate.xml:43541 -#: book.translate.xml:43546 book.translate.xml:43551 book.translate.xml:43556 -#: book.translate.xml:43561 book.translate.xml:43566 book.translate.xml:43571 -#: book.translate.xml:43576 book.translate.xml:43581 book.translate.xml:43586 +#: book.translate.xml:43397 book.translate.xml:43402 book.translate.xml:43407 +#: book.translate.xml:43497 book.translate.xml:43502 book.translate.xml:43507 +#: book.translate.xml:43512 book.translate.xml:43517 book.translate.xml:43522 +#: book.translate.xml:43527 book.translate.xml:43532 book.translate.xml:43537 +#: book.translate.xml:43542 book.translate.xml:43547 book.translate.xml:43552 +#: book.translate.xml:43557 book.translate.xml:43562 book.translate.xml:43567 +#: book.translate.xml:43572 book.translate.xml:43577 book.translate.xml:43582 msgid "Japanese" msgstr "日文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43402 +#: book.translate.xml:43398 msgid "chinese/kon2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43407 +#: book.translate.xml:43403 msgid "japanese/kon2-14dot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43412 +#: book.translate.xml:43408 msgid "japanese/kon2-16dot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43418 +#: book.translate.xml:43414 msgid "" "If moused is enabled in /etc/rc.conf, additional configuration may be required. By default, the mouse " @@ -63198,18 +63738,18 @@ "到 /etc/rc.conf 來移動游標的範圍：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43427 +#: book.translate.xml:43423 #, no-wrap msgid "mousechar_start=3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43431 +#: book.translate.xml:43427 msgid "Xorg Setup" msgstr "Xorg 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43433 +#: book.translate.xml:43429 msgid "" " describes how to install and configure " "Xorg. When configuring Xorg 中調校且可允許使用者在圖型化應用程式選單檢視其所選擇的語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43443 +#: book.translate.xml:43439 msgid "X Input Method (XIM)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43445 +#: book.translate.xml:43441 msgid "" "The X Input Method (XIM) protocol is an " "Xorg standard for inputting non-English " @@ -63245,200 +63785,200 @@ "式。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:43453 +#: book.translate.xml:43449 msgid "Available Input Methods" msgstr "可用的輸入法" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43459 +#: book.translate.xml:43455 msgid "Input Method" msgstr "輸入法" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43466 book.translate.xml:43471 book.translate.xml:43476 -#: book.translate.xml:43481 book.translate.xml:43486 book.translate.xml:43491 -#: book.translate.xml:43496 +#: book.translate.xml:43462 book.translate.xml:43467 book.translate.xml:43472 +#: book.translate.xml:43477 book.translate.xml:43482 book.translate.xml:43487 +#: book.translate.xml:43492 msgid "Chinese" msgstr "中文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43467 +#: book.translate.xml:43463 msgid "chinese/gcin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43472 +#: book.translate.xml:43468 msgid "chinese/ibus-chewing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43477 +#: book.translate.xml:43473 msgid "chinese/ibus-pinyin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43482 +#: book.translate.xml:43478 msgid "chinese/oxim" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43487 +#: book.translate.xml:43483 msgid "chinese/scim-fcitx" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43492 +#: book.translate.xml:43488 msgid "chinese/scim-pinyin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43497 +#: book.translate.xml:43493 msgid "chinese/scim-tables" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43502 +#: book.translate.xml:43498 msgid "japanese/ibus-anthy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43507 +#: book.translate.xml:43503 msgid "japanese/ibus-mozc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43512 +#: book.translate.xml:43508 msgid "japanese/ibus-skk" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43517 +#: book.translate.xml:43513 msgid "japanese/im-ja" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43522 +#: book.translate.xml:43518 msgid "japanese/kinput2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43527 +#: book.translate.xml:43523 msgid "japanese/scim-anthy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43532 +#: book.translate.xml:43528 msgid "japanese/scim-canna" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43537 +#: book.translate.xml:43533 msgid "japanese/scim-honoka" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43542 +#: book.translate.xml:43538 msgid "japanese/scim-honoka-plugin-romkan" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43547 +#: book.translate.xml:43543 msgid "japanese/scim-honoka-plugin-wnn" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43552 +#: book.translate.xml:43548 msgid "japanese/scim-prime" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43557 +#: book.translate.xml:43553 msgid "japanese/scim-skk" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43562 +#: book.translate.xml:43558 msgid "japanese/scim-tables" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43567 +#: book.translate.xml:43563 msgid "japanese/scim-tomoe" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43572 +#: book.translate.xml:43568 msgid "japanese/scim-uim" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43577 +#: book.translate.xml:43573 msgid "japanese/skkinput" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43582 +#: book.translate.xml:43578 msgid "japanese/skkinput3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43587 +#: book.translate.xml:43583 msgid "japanese/uim-anthy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43591 book.translate.xml:43596 book.translate.xml:43601 -#: book.translate.xml:43606 book.translate.xml:43611 +#: book.translate.xml:43587 book.translate.xml:43592 book.translate.xml:43597 +#: book.translate.xml:43602 book.translate.xml:43607 msgid "Korean" msgstr "韓文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43592 +#: book.translate.xml:43588 msgid "korean/ibus-hangul" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43597 +#: book.translate.xml:43593 msgid "korean/imhangul" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43602 +#: book.translate.xml:43598 msgid "korean/nabi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43607 +#: book.translate.xml:43603 msgid "korean/scim-hangul" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43612 +#: book.translate.xml:43608 msgid "korean/scim-tables" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43616 book.translate.xml:43621 +#: book.translate.xml:43612 book.translate.xml:43617 msgid "Vietnamese" msgstr "越南文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43617 +#: book.translate.xml:43613 msgid "vietnamese/xvnkb" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43622 +#: book.translate.xml:43618 msgid "vietnamese/x-unikey" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:43666 +#: book.translate.xml:43662 msgid "Finding i18n Applications" msgstr "尋找 i18n 應用程式" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43668 +#: book.translate.xml:43664 msgid "" "i18n applications are programmed using i18n kits under libraries. These allow developers to write a simple file " @@ -63448,7 +63988,7 @@ "庫開發。這讓開發人員可以寫一個簡單的檔案並翻譯顯示的選單及文字至各種語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43673 +#: book.translate.xml:43669 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Ports " "Collection contains many applications with built-in support for wide " @@ -63462,7 +64002,7 @@ "支援您所需要的語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43680 +#: book.translate.xml:43676 msgid "" "Some applications can be compiled with the specific charset. This is usually " "done in the port's Makefile or by passing a value to " @@ -63479,12 +64019,12 @@ "解在編譯時有那些可以使用的編譯選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:43692 +#: book.translate.xml:43688 msgid "Locale Configuration for Specific Languages" msgstr "特定語言的語系設定" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43694 +#: book.translate.xml:43690 msgid "" "This section provides configuration examples for localizing a FreeBSD system " "for the Russian language. It then provides some additional resources for " @@ -63492,12 +64032,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:43700 +#: book.translate.xml:43696 msgid "Russian Language (KOI8-R Encoding)" msgstr "俄語 (KOI8-R 編碼)" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:43703 +#: book.translate.xml:43699 msgid "" "AndreyChernovOriginally contributed by " @@ -63504,12 +64044,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43708 +#: book.translate.xml:43704 msgid "localization Russian" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43713 +#: book.translate.xml:43709 msgid "" "This section shows the specific settings needed to localize a FreeBSD system " "for the Russian language. Refer to ~/.login_conf:" @@ -63525,7 +64065,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43723 +#: book.translate.xml:43719 #, no-wrap msgid "" "me:My Account:\\\n" @@ -63534,7 +64074,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43727 +#: book.translate.xml:43723 msgid "" "To configure the console, add the following lines to /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -63541,7 +64081,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43730 +#: book.translate.xml:43726 #, no-wrap msgid "" "keymap=\"ru.koi8-r\"\n" @@ -63553,7 +64093,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43737 +#: book.translate.xml:43733 msgid "" "For each ttyv entry in /etc/ttys, " "use cons25r as the terminal type." @@ -63560,12 +64100,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43741 +#: book.translate.xml:43737 msgid "printers" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43742 +#: book.translate.xml:43738 msgid "" "To configure printing, a special output filter is needed to convert from " "KOI8-R to CP866 since most printers with Russian characters come with " @@ -63575,7 +64115,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43750 +#: book.translate.xml:43746 #, no-wrap msgid "" "lp|Russian local line printer:\\\n" @@ -63584,7 +64124,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43754 +#: book.translate.xml:43750 msgid "" "Refer to printcap5 for a more detailed explanation." @@ -63591,7 +64131,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43757 +#: book.translate.xml:43753 msgid "" "To configure support for Russian filenames in mounted MS-DOS file systems, include " @@ -63599,13 +64139,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43762 +#: book.translate.xml:43758 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/ad0s2 /dos/c msdos rw,-Lru_RU.KOI8-R 0 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43764 +#: book.translate.xml:43760 msgid "" "Refer to mount_msdosfs8 for more details." @@ -63612,7 +64152,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43766 +#: book.translate.xml:43762 msgid "" "To configure Russian fonts for Xorg, install the " "x11-fonts/xorg-fonts-cyrillic package. Then, check the " @@ -63622,18 +64162,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43774 +#: book.translate.xml:43770 #, no-wrap msgid "FontPath \"/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43776 +#: book.translate.xml:43772 msgid "Additional Cyrillic fonts are available in the Ports Collection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43779 +#: book.translate.xml:43775 msgid "" "To activate a Russian keyboard, add the following to the \"Keyboard" "\" section of /etc/xorg.conf:" @@ -63640,7 +64180,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43783 +#: book.translate.xml:43779 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Option \"XkbLayout\" \"us,ru\"\n" @@ -63648,13 +64188,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43786 +#: book.translate.xml:43782 msgid "" "Make sure that XkbDisable is commented out in that file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43789 +#: book.translate.xml:43785 msgid "" "For grp:toggle use Right Alt, for " "grp:ctrl_shift_toggle use Windows keys, and some non-alphabetical keys are mapped " @@ -63675,13 +64215,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43804 +#: book.translate.xml:43800 #, no-wrap msgid "Option \"XkbVariant\" \",winkeys\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:43807 +#: book.translate.xml:43803 msgid "" "The Russian XKB keyboard may not work with non-localized applications. " "Minimally localized applications should call a XtSetLanguageProc " @@ -63689,7 +64229,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43814 +#: book.translate.xml:43810 msgid "" "See http://koi8.pp.ru/xwin." "html for more instructions on localizing Xorglocalization Traditional Chinese" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43830 +#: book.translate.xml:43826 msgid "localization German" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43834 +#: book.translate.xml:43830 msgid "localization Greek" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43838 +#: book.translate.xml:43834 msgid "localization Japanese" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43842 +#: book.translate.xml:43838 msgid "localization Korean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:43849 +#: book.translate.xml:43845 msgid "Traditional Chinese for Taiwan" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43852 +#: book.translate.xml:43848 msgid "" "The FreeBSD-Taiwan Project has a Chinese HOWTO for FreeBSD at http://netlab." @@ -63749,12 +64289,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:43858 +#: book.translate.xml:43854 msgid "Greek Language Localization" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43861 +#: book.translate.xml:43857 msgid "" "A complete article on Greek support in FreeBSD is available http://" "www.jp.FreeBSD.org/, and for Korean, refer to Jim Mock Restructured, reorganized, and parts updated by Jordan Hubbard Original work by " @@ -63810,7 +64350,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:43925 +#: book.translate.xml:43921 msgid "" " Poul-Henning Kamp " @@ -63817,7 +64357,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:43932 +#: book.translate.xml:43928 msgid "" " John Polstra " @@ -63824,7 +64364,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:43939 +#: book.translate.xml:43935 msgid "" " Nik Clayton " @@ -63831,7 +64371,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43951 +#: book.translate.xml:43947 msgid "" "FreeBSD is under constant development between releases. Some people prefer " "to use the officially released versions, while others prefer to keep in sync " @@ -63849,7 +64389,7 @@ "FreeBSD 系統維持新版的基本工具。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43965 +#: book.translate.xml:43961 msgid "" "How to keep a FreeBSD system up-to-date with freebsd-update or Subversion." @@ -63858,7 +64398,7 @@ "application> 來讓 FreeBSD 系統保持新版。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43971 +#: book.translate.xml:43967 msgid "" "How to compare the state of an installed system against a known pristine " "copy." @@ -63865,7 +64405,7 @@ msgstr "如何比對已安裝系統與已知原始複本間的狀態。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43976 +#: book.translate.xml:43972 msgid "" "How to keep the installed documentation up-to-date with " "Subversion or documentation ports." @@ -63874,7 +64414,7 @@ "文件為新版。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43982 +#: book.translate.xml:43978 msgid "" "The difference between the two development branches: FreeBSD-STABLE and " "FreeBSD-CURRENT." @@ -63881,12 +64421,12 @@ msgstr "兩種開發分支間的差異：FreeBSD-STABLE 與 FreeBSD-CURRENT。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43987 +#: book.translate.xml:43983 msgid "How to rebuild and reinstall the entire base system." msgstr "如何重新編譯及重新安裝整個基礎系統 (Base system)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43996 +#: book.translate.xml:43992 msgid "" "Properly set up the network connection ()." @@ -63893,7 +64433,7 @@ msgstr "正確的設定網路連線 ()。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44001 book.translate.xml:50442 book.translate.xml:61745 +#: book.translate.xml:43997 book.translate.xml:50438 book.translate.xml:61744 msgid "" "Know how to install additional third-party software ()." @@ -63900,7 +64440,7 @@ msgstr "了解如何安裝其他第三方軟體 ()。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44007 +#: book.translate.xml:44003 msgid "" "Throughout this chapter, svn is used to obtain and update " "FreeBSD sources. To use it, first install the devel/subversiondevel/subversion Port 或套件。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:44016 +#: book.translate.xml:44012 msgid "FreeBSD Update" msgstr "FreeBSD 更新" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:44029 +#: book.translate.xml:44025 msgid "" " Colin Percival Based on notes provided by " @@ -63923,17 +64463,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44039 book.translate.xml:44546 book.translate.xml:44682 +#: book.translate.xml:44035 book.translate.xml:44542 book.translate.xml:44678 msgid "Updating and Upgrading" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44042 +#: book.translate.xml:44038 msgid "freebsd-update updating-upgrading" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44047 +#: book.translate.xml:44043 msgid "" "Applying security patches in a timely manner and upgrading to a newer " "release of an operating system are important aspects of ongoing system " @@ -63945,7 +64485,7 @@ "command>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44053 +#: book.translate.xml:44049 msgid "" "This utility supports binary security and errata updates to FreeBSD, without " "the need to manually compile and install the patch or a new kernel. Binary " @@ -63960,7 +64500,7 @@ "www.FreeBSD.org/security/\">http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44060 +#: book.translate.xml:44056 msgid "" "This utility also supports operating system upgrades to minor point releases " "as well as upgrades to another release branch. Before upgrading to a new " @@ -63975,7 +64515,7 @@ "releases/\">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ 取得。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44067 +#: book.translate.xml:44063 msgid "" "If a crontab utilizing the features of " "freebsd-update8，則必須在升級作業系統前先關閉。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44072 +#: book.translate.xml:44068 msgid "" "This section describes the configuration file used by freebsd-" "update, demonstrates how to apply a security patch and how to " @@ -63999,7 +64539,7 @@ "事項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44081 +#: book.translate.xml:44077 msgid "" "The default configuration file for freebsd-update works " "as-is. Some users may wish to tweak the default configuration in /" @@ -64013,7 +64553,7 @@ "要進一步的說明：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44089 +#: book.translate.xml:44085 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Components of the base system which should be kept updated.\n" @@ -64021,7 +64561,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44092 +#: book.translate.xml:44088 msgid "" "This parameter controls which parts of FreeBSD will be kept up-to-date. The " "default is to update the entire base system and the kernel. Individual " @@ -64038,7 +64578,7 @@ "新而造成慘重的後果。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44102 +#: book.translate.xml:44098 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an IgnorePaths\n" @@ -64047,7 +64587,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44106 +#: book.translate.xml:44102 msgid "" "To leave specified directories, such as /bin or " "/sbin, untouched during the update process, add their " @@ -64059,7 +64599,7 @@ "freebsd-update 覆蓋本地的修改。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44113 +#: book.translate.xml:44109 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an UpdateIfUnmodified\n" @@ -64069,7 +64609,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44118 +#: book.translate.xml:44114 msgid "" "This option will only update unmodified configuration files in the specified " "directories. Any changes made by the user will prevent the automatic " @@ -64082,7 +64622,7 @@ "freebsd-update 在合併時儲存使用者做的變更。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44126 +#: book.translate.xml:44122 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# When upgrading to a new FreeBSD release, files which match MergeChanges\n" @@ -64091,7 +64631,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44130 +#: book.translate.xml:44126 msgid "" "List of directories with configuration files that freebsd-update should attempt to merge. The file merge process is a series of " @@ -64113,7 +64653,7 @@ "訊， 參見 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44140 +#: book.translate.xml:44136 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Directory in which to store downloaded updates and temporary\n" @@ -64122,7 +64662,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44144 +#: book.translate.xml:44140 msgid "" "This directory is where all patches and temporary files are placed. In cases " "where the user is doing a version upgrade, this location should have at " @@ -64132,7 +64672,7 @@ "有至少 1GB 的可用磁碟空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44149 +#: book.translate.xml:44145 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# When upgrading between releases, should the list of Components be\n" @@ -64143,7 +64683,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44155 +#: book.translate.xml:44151 msgid "" "When this option is set to yes, freebsd-update will assume that the Components list is complete " @@ -64157,12 +64697,12 @@ "於 Components 清單中的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44165 +#: book.translate.xml:44161 msgid "Applying Security Patches" msgstr "套用安全性修補" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44167 +#: book.translate.xml:44163 msgid "" "The process of applying FreeBSD security patches has been simplified, " "allowing an administrator to keep a system fully patched using " @@ -64174,7 +64714,7 @@ "。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44173 +#: book.translate.xml:44169 msgid "" "FreeBSD security patches may be downloaded and installed using the following " "commands. The first command will determine if any outstanding patches are " @@ -64185,7 +64725,7 @@ "補，如果有，將列出若執行修補後會變更的檔案清單。第二個指令將會套用修補。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44179 +#: book.translate.xml:44175 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# freebsd-update fetch\n" @@ -64193,7 +64733,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44182 +#: book.translate.xml:44178 msgid "" "If the update applies any kernel patches, the system will need a reboot in " "order to boot into the patched kernel. If the patch was applied to any " @@ -64205,7 +64745,7 @@ "本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44188 +#: book.translate.xml:44184 msgid "" "The system can be configured to automatically check for updates once every " "day by adding this entry to /etc/crontab:" @@ -64214,13 +64754,13 @@ "次：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44192 +#: book.translate.xml:44188 #, no-wrap msgid "@daily root freebsd-update cron" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44194 +#: book.translate.xml:44190 msgid "" "If patches exist, they will automatically be downloaded but will not be " "applied. The root user will be " @@ -64232,7 +64772,7 @@ "freebsd-update install 安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44200 +#: book.translate.xml:44196 msgid "" "If anything goes wrong, freebsd-update has the ability to " "roll back the last set of changes with the following command:" @@ -64241,7 +64781,7 @@ "後所做的變更：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44204 +#: book.translate.xml:44200 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# freebsd-update rollback\n" @@ -64249,7 +64789,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44207 +#: book.translate.xml:44203 msgid "" "Again, the system should be restarted if the kernel or any kernel modules " "were modified and any affected binaries should be restarted." @@ -64258,7 +64798,7 @@ "Binary 應重新執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44211 +#: book.translate.xml:44207 msgid "" "Only the GENERIC kernel can be automatically updated by " "freebsd-update. If a custom kernel is installed, it will " @@ -64275,7 +64815,7 @@ "新 GENERIC 核心，即使該核心並非目前系統正在執行的核心。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44222 +#: book.translate.xml:44218 msgid "" "Always keep a copy of the GENERIC kernel in /" "boot/GENERIC. It will be helpful in diagnosing a variety of " @@ -64289,7 +64829,7 @@ "filename> 核心的複本說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44230 +#: book.translate.xml:44226 msgid "" "Unless the default configuration in /etc/freebsd-update.conf has been changed, freebsd-update will install " @@ -64301,7 +64841,7 @@ "可依平常的方式執行重新編譯與重新安裝核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44237 +#: book.translate.xml:44233 msgid "" "The updates distributed by freebsd-update do not always " "involve the kernel. It is not necessary to rebuild a custom kernel if the " @@ -64325,12 +64865,12 @@ "更新。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44255 +#: book.translate.xml:44251 msgid "Performing Major and Minor Version Upgrades" msgstr "執行主要及次要版號升級" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44257 +#: book.translate.xml:44253 msgid "" "Upgrades from one minor version of FreeBSD to another, like from FreeBSD 9.0 " "to FreeBSD 9.1, are called minor version upgrades. " @@ -64346,7 +64886,7 @@ "以透過提供 freebsd-update 目標的發佈版本來執行。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44267 +#: book.translate.xml:44263 msgid "" "If the system is running a custom kernel, make sure that a copy of the " "GENERIC kernel exists in /boot/GENERICGENERIC 核心複本的說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44275 +#: book.translate.xml:44271 msgid "" "The following command, when run on a FreeBSD 9.0 system, will upgrade it to " "FreeBSD 9.1:" @@ -64367,13 +64907,13 @@ msgstr "在 FreeBSD 9.0 系統執行以下指令，將會把系統升級至 FreeBSD 9.1：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44278 +#: book.translate.xml:44274 #, no-wrap msgid "# freebsd-update -r 9.1-RELEASE upgrade" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44280 +#: book.translate.xml:44276 msgid "" "After the command has been received, freebsd-update will " "evaluate the configuration file and current system in an attempt to gather " @@ -64384,7 +64924,7 @@ "統來收集升級所需的資訊。 螢幕會顯示偵測到或沒偵測到的元件清單。例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44287 +#: book.translate.xml:44283 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 1 mirrors found.\n" @@ -64406,7 +64946,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44304 +#: book.translate.xml:44300 msgid "" "At this point, freebsd-update will attempt to download " "all files required for the upgrade. In some cases, the user may be prompted " @@ -64416,7 +64956,7 @@ "些情況，會詢問使用者一些關於要安裝什麼或要如何繼續。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44309 +#: book.translate.xml:44305 msgid "" "When using a custom kernel, the above step will produce a warning similar to " "the following:" @@ -64423,7 +64963,7 @@ msgstr "當使用自訂核心，上述的步驟將會產生如下的警告：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44312 +#: book.translate.xml:44308 #, no-wrap msgid "" "WARNING: This system is running a \"MYKERNEL\" kernel, which is not a\n" @@ -64433,7 +64973,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44317 +#: book.translate.xml:44313 msgid "" "This warning may be safely ignored at this point. The updated " "GENERIC kernel will be used as an intermediate step in " @@ -64443,7 +64983,7 @@ "filename> 核心來進行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44321 +#: book.translate.xml:44317 msgid "" "Once all the patches have been downloaded to the local system, they will be " "applied. This process may take a while, depending on the speed and workload " @@ -64464,7 +65004,7 @@ "或 group。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44335 +#: book.translate.xml:44331 msgid "" "The system is not being altered yet as all patching and merging is happening " "in another directory. Once all patches have been applied successfully, all " @@ -64478,13 +65018,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: note/screen #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44342 book.translate.xml:44379 book.translate.xml:44473 +#: book.translate.xml:44338 book.translate.xml:44375 book.translate.xml:44469 #, no-wrap msgid "# freebsd-update install" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44345 +#: book.translate.xml:44341 msgid "" "The kernel and kernel modules will be patched first. If the system is " "running with a custom kernel, use nextboot：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44350 +#: book.translate.xml:44346 #, no-wrap msgid "# nextboot -k GENERIC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:44353 +#: book.translate.xml:44349 msgid "" "Before rebooting with the GENERIC kernel, make sure it " "contains all the drivers required for the system to boot properly and " @@ -64522,18 +65062,18 @@ "filename> 核心。建議關閉非必須的服務和磁碟與網路掛載直到升級程序完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44367 +#: book.translate.xml:44363 msgid "The machine should now be restarted with the updated kernel:" msgstr "機器現在應使用更新過的核心重新開機：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44370 +#: book.translate.xml:44366 #, no-wrap msgid "# shutdown -r now" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44372 +#: book.translate.xml:44368 msgid "" "Once the system has come back online, restart freebsd-update using the following command. Since the state of the process has " @@ -64546,7 +65086,7 @@ "一個階段並移除所有舊的共用程式庫和目標檔。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44382 +#: book.translate.xml:44378 msgid "" "Depending upon whether any library version numbers were bumped, there may " "only be two install phases instead of three." @@ -64553,7 +65093,7 @@ msgstr "取決於是否有任何程式庫版本編號衝突，也可能只有兩個而不是三個安裝階段。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44387 +#: book.translate.xml:44383 msgid "" "The upgrade is now complete. If this was a major version upgrade, reinstall " "all ports and packages as described in 的說明重新安裝所有的 Port 和套件。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:44392 +#: book.translate.xml:44388 msgid "Custom Kernels with FreeBSD 9.X and Later" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 9.X 及之後版本自訂核心" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44394 +#: book.translate.xml:44390 msgid "" "Before using freebsd-update, ensure that a copy of the " "GENERIC kernel exists in /boot/GENERIC 核心，只需要將該目錄重新命名為 /boot/kernel。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44402 +#: book.translate.xml:44398 msgid "" "If a custom kernel has been built more than once or if it is unknown how " "many times the custom kernel has been built, obtain a copy of the " @@ -64596,7 +65136,7 @@ "則可以從安裝媒體取得 GENERIC 核心複本：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44410 +#: book.translate.xml:44406 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mount /cdrom\n" @@ -64605,7 +65145,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44414 +#: book.translate.xml:44410 msgid "" "Alternately, the GENERIC kernel may be rebuilt and " "installed from source:" @@ -64612,7 +65152,7 @@ msgstr "或者，可以從原始碼重新編譯 GENERIC 核心：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44417 +#: book.translate.xml:44413 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -64620,7 +65160,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44420 +#: book.translate.xml:44416 msgid "" "For this kernel to be identified as the GENERIC kernel by " "freebsd-update, the GENERIC " @@ -64632,7 +65172,7 @@ "在編譯核心時不要使用其他特殊選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44428 +#: book.translate.xml:44424 msgid "" "Rebooting into the GENERIC kernel is not required as " "freebsd-update only needs /boot/GENERICGENERIC。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:44434 +#: book.translate.xml:44430 msgid "Upgrading Packages After a Major Version Upgrade" msgstr "主要版號升級後的套件升級" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44437 +#: book.translate.xml:44433 msgid "" "Generally, installed applications will continue to work without problems " "after minor version upgrades. Major versions use different Application " @@ -64665,7 +65205,7 @@ "package> 工具。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44448 +#: book.translate.xml:44444 msgid "" "A forced upgrade of all installed packages will replace the packages with " "fresh versions from the repository even if the version number has not " @@ -64678,13 +65218,13 @@ "制升級可以執行以下指令來完成：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44455 +#: book.translate.xml:44451 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg-static upgrade -f" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44457 +#: book.translate.xml:44453 msgid "" "A rebuild of all installed applications can be accomplished with this " "command:" @@ -64691,7 +65231,7 @@ msgstr "重新編譯所有已安裝的應用程式可以執行以下指令來完成：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44462 +#: book.translate.xml:44458 msgid "" "This command will display the configuration screens for each application " "that has configurable options and wait for the user to interact with those " @@ -64703,7 +65243,7 @@ "option> 參數。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44468 +#: book.translate.xml:44464 msgid "" "Once the software upgrades are complete, finish the upgrade process with a " "final call to freebsd-update in order to tie up all the " @@ -64713,7 +65253,7 @@ "動作：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44475 +#: book.translate.xml:44471 msgid "" "If the GENERIC kernel was temporarily used, this is the " "time to build and install a new custom kernel using the instructions in " @@ -64723,7 +65263,7 @@ "\"kernelconfig\"/> 的說明編譯並安裝新的自訂核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44479 +#: book.translate.xml:44475 msgid "" "Reboot the machine into the new FreeBSD version. The upgrade process is now " "complete." @@ -64730,12 +65270,12 @@ msgstr "重新開機使用新的 FreeBSD 版本後，升級程序便正式完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44485 +#: book.translate.xml:44481 msgid "System State Comparison" msgstr "比對系統狀態" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44487 +#: book.translate.xml:44483 msgid "" "The state of the installed FreeBSD version against a known good copy can be " "tested using freebsd-update IDS. This command evaluates " @@ -64749,7 +65289,7 @@ "IDS)。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:44495 +#: book.translate.xml:44491 msgid "" "This command is not a replacement for a real IDS such as " "security/snort. As freebsd-update " @@ -64771,19 +65311,19 @@ "IDS 功能，在 有詳細說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44510 +#: book.translate.xml:44506 msgid "" "To begin the comparison, specify the output file to save the results to:" msgstr "要開始比對，需指定輸出的檔案來儲存結果：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44513 +#: book.translate.xml:44509 #, no-wrap msgid "# freebsd-update IDS >> outfile.ids" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44515 +#: book.translate.xml:44511 msgid "" "The system will now be inspected and a lengthy listing of files, along with " "the SHA256 hash values for both the known value in the " @@ -64794,7 +65334,7 @@ "版本的 SHA256 雜湊值會儲存到指定的輸出檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44521 +#: book.translate.xml:44517 msgid "" "The entries in the listing are extremely long, but the output format may be " "easily parsed. For instance, to obtain a list of all files which differ from " @@ -64804,7 +65344,7 @@ "版本不同的檔案清單，可使用以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44526 +#: book.translate.xml:44522 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cat outfile.ids | awk '{ print $1 }' | more\n" @@ -64815,7 +65355,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44532 +#: book.translate.xml:44528 msgid "" "This sample output has been truncated as many more files exist. Some files " "have natural modifications. For example, /etc/passwd " @@ -64832,17 +65372,17 @@ "的 IDSIgnorePaths 選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:44544 +#: book.translate.xml:44540 msgid "Updating the Documentation Set" msgstr "更新文件集" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44548 +#: book.translate.xml:44544 msgid "Documentation Updating and Upgrading" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44553 +#: book.translate.xml:44549 msgid "" "Documentation is an integral part of the FreeBSD operating system. While an " "up-to-date version of the FreeBSD documentation is always available on the " @@ -64856,7 +65396,7 @@ "FAQ 及文章的本地複本。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44559 +#: book.translate.xml:44555 msgid "" "This section describes how to use either source or the FreeBSD Ports " "Collection to keep a local copy of the FreeBSD documentation up-to-date." @@ -64865,7 +65405,7 @@ "複本。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44563 +#: book.translate.xml:44559 msgid "" "For information on editing and submitting corrections to the documentation, " "refer to the FreeBSD Documentation Project Primer for New Contributors " @@ -64877,12 +65417,12 @@ "freebsd.org/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44568 +#: book.translate.xml:44564 msgid "Updating Documentation from Source" msgstr "自原始碼更新說明文件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44570 +#: book.translate.xml:44566 msgid "" "Rebuilding the FreeBSD documentation from source requires a collection of " "tools which are not part of the FreeBSD base system. The required tools, " @@ -64895,7 +65435,7 @@ "textproc/docproj 套件或 Port 安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44577 +#: book.translate.xml:44573 msgid "" "Once installed, use svn to fetch a clean copy of " "the documentation source:" @@ -64904,13 +65444,13 @@ "本：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44580 +#: book.translate.xml:44576 #, no-wrap msgid "# svn checkout https://svn.FreeBSD.org/doc/head /usr/doc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44582 +#: book.translate.xml:44578 msgid "" "The initial download of the documentation sources may take a while. Let it " "run until it completes." @@ -64917,18 +65457,18 @@ msgstr "第一次下載文件原始碼需要一些時間，請耐心等候執行完畢。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44585 +#: book.translate.xml:44581 msgid "Future updates of the documentation sources may be fetched by running:" msgstr "往後更新文件原始碼可執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44588 +#: book.translate.xml:44584 #, no-wrap msgid "# svn update /usr/doc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44590 +#: book.translate.xml:44586 msgid "" "Once an up-to-date snapshot of the documentation sources has been fetched to " "/usr/doc, everything is ready for an update of the " @@ -64938,12 +65478,12 @@ "文件的準備動作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44594 +#: book.translate.xml:44590 msgid "A full update of all available languages may be performed by typing:" msgstr "完整更新所有可用的語言可以執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44597 +#: book.translate.xml:44593 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/doc\n" @@ -64951,7 +65491,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44600 +#: book.translate.xml:44596 msgid "" "If an update of only a specific language is desired, make " "can be invoked in a language-specific subdirectory of /usr/docmake：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44605 +#: book.translate.xml:44601 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1\n" @@ -64969,7 +65509,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44608 +#: book.translate.xml:44604 msgid "" "An alternative way of updating the documentation is to run this command from " "/usr/doc or the desired language-specific subdirectory:" @@ -64978,13 +65518,13 @@ "行此指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44612 +#: book.translate.xml:44608 #, no-wrap msgid "# make update" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44614 +#: book.translate.xml:44610 msgid "" "The output formats that will be installed may be specified by setting " "FORMATS:" @@ -64991,7 +65531,7 @@ msgstr "要指定安裝的輸出格式可使用 FORMATS 來設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44617 +#: book.translate.xml:44613 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/doc\n" @@ -64999,7 +65539,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44620 +#: book.translate.xml:44616 msgid "" "Several options are available to ease the process of updating only parts of " "the documentation, or the build of specific translations. These options can " @@ -65011,17 +65551,17 @@ "給 make。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44627 +#: book.translate.xml:44623 msgid "The options include:" msgstr "選項有：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44631 +#: book.translate.xml:44627 msgid "DOC_LANG" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44634 +#: book.translate.xml:44630 msgid "" "The list of languages and encodings to build and install, such as " "en_US.ISO8859-1 for English documentation." @@ -65030,12 +65570,12 @@ "語文件。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44641 +#: book.translate.xml:44637 msgid "FORMATS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44644 +#: book.translate.xml:44640 msgid "" "A single format or a list of output formats to be built. Currently, " "html, html-split, txt。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44653 +#: book.translate.xml:44649 msgid "DOCDIR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44656 +#: book.translate.xml:44652 msgid "" "Where to install the documentation. It defaults to /usr/share/doc." @@ -65058,7 +65598,7 @@ msgstr "要安裝文件的位置，預設為 /usr/share/doc。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44662 +#: book.translate.xml:44658 msgid "" "For more make variables supported as system-wide options " "in FreeBSD, refer to make.conf。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:44669 +#: book.translate.xml:44665 msgid "Updating Documentation from Ports" msgstr "自 Port 更新說明文件" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:44672 +#: book.translate.xml:44668 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille Based on the work of " @@ -65081,13 +65621,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44686 +#: book.translate.xml:44682 msgid "" "documentation package Updating and Upgrading" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44691 +#: book.translate.xml:44687 msgid "" "The previous section presented a method for updating the FreeBSD " "documentation from sources. This section describes an alternative method " @@ -65097,7 +65637,7 @@ "方法，可由以下方式達成：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44698 +#: book.translate.xml:44694 msgid "" "Install pre-built packages of the documentation, without having to locally " "build anything or install the documentation toolchain." @@ -65104,7 +65644,7 @@ msgstr "安裝事先編譯好的文件套件，無須在本地編譯任何東西或安裝文件工具集。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44704 +#: book.translate.xml:44700 msgid "" "Build the documentation sources through the ports framework, making the " "checkout and build steps a bit easier." @@ -65111,7 +65651,7 @@ msgstr "使用 Port 框架來編譯文件原始碼，可讓取得與編譯文件的步驟更簡單。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44710 +#: book.translate.xml:44706 msgid "" "This method of updating the FreeBSD documentation is supported by a set of " "documentation ports and packages which are updated by the Documentation " @@ -65126,12 +65666,12 @@ "org/docs/\">http://www.freshports.org/docs/)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44716 +#: book.translate.xml:44712 msgid "Organization of the documentation ports is as follows:" msgstr "文件 Port 的組織方式如下：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44721 +#: book.translate.xml:44717 msgid "" "The misc/freebsd-doc-en package or port installs all of " "the English documentation." @@ -65139,7 +65679,7 @@ "misc/freebsd-doc-en 套件或 Port 會安裝所有英語的文件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44726 +#: book.translate.xml:44722 msgid "" "The misc/freebsd-doc-all meta-package or port installs " "all documentation in all available languages." @@ -65148,7 +65688,7 @@ "件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44732 +#: book.translate.xml:44728 msgid "" "There is a package and port for each translation, such as misc/" "freebsd-doc-hu for the Hungarian documentation." @@ -65157,7 +65697,7 @@ "利語文件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44738 +#: book.translate.xml:44734 msgid "" "When binary packages are used, the FreeBSD documentation will be installed " "in all available formats for the given language. For example, the following " @@ -65167,13 +65707,13 @@ "會安裝最新的匈牙利語文件套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44743 +#: book.translate.xml:44739 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install hu-freebsd-doc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44746 +#: book.translate.xml:44742 msgid "" "Packages use a format that differs from the corresponding port's name: " "lang-freebsd-doc, where " @@ -65187,7 +65727,7 @@ "literal> 代表簡體中文。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44755 +#: book.translate.xml:44751 msgid "" "To specify the format of the documentation, build the port instead of " "installing the package. For example, to build and install the English " @@ -65196,7 +65736,7 @@ "要指定文件的格式，需以編譯 Port 來代替安裝套件。例如要編譯並安裝英語文件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44759 +#: book.translate.xml:44755 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/misc/freebsd-doc-en\n" @@ -65204,7 +65744,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44762 +#: book.translate.xml:44758 msgid "" "The port provides a configuration menu where the format to build and install " "can be specified. By default, split HTML, similar to the " @@ -65216,7 +65756,7 @@ "FreeBSD.org 使用的格式) 以及 PDF。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44767 +#: book.translate.xml:44763 msgid "" "Alternately, several make options can be specified when " "building a documentation port, including:" @@ -65224,12 +65764,12 @@ "此外，編譯文件 Port 時也可指定數個 make 選項，包括：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44773 +#: book.translate.xml:44769 msgid "WITH_HTML" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44776 +#: book.translate.xml:44772 msgid "" "Builds the HTML format with a single HTML file per document. The formatted " "documentation is saved to a file called article.html, " @@ -65239,12 +65779,12 @@ "article.html 或 book.html 的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44784 +#: book.translate.xml:44780 msgid "WITH_PDF" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44787 +#: book.translate.xml:44783 msgid "" "The formatted documentation is saved to a file called article.pdf or book.pdf." @@ -65253,12 +65793,12 @@ "book.pdf 的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44794 +#: book.translate.xml:44790 msgid "DOCBASE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44797 +#: book.translate.xml:44793 msgid "" "Specifies where to install the documentation. It defaults to /usr/" "local/share/doc/freebsd." @@ -65267,7 +65807,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44804 +#: book.translate.xml:44800 msgid "" "This example uses variables to install the Hungarian documentation as a " "PDF in the specified directory:" @@ -65275,7 +65815,7 @@ "以下範例使用變數來安裝 PDF 的匈牙利語文件到特定目錄：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44808 +#: book.translate.xml:44804 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/misc/freebsd-doc-hu\n" @@ -65283,7 +65823,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44811 +#: book.translate.xml:44807 msgid "" "Documentation packages or ports can be updated using the instructions in " ". For example, the following command updates the " @@ -65294,34 +65834,34 @@ "用 ports-mgmt/portmaster 更新已安裝的匈牙利語文件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44817 +#: book.translate.xml:44813 #, no-wrap msgid "# portmaster -PP hu-freebsd-doc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:44822 +#: book.translate.xml:44818 msgid "Tracking a Development Branch" msgstr "追蹤開發分支" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44824 +#: book.translate.xml:44820 msgid "-CURRENT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44825 +#: book.translate.xml:44821 msgid "-STABLE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44827 +#: book.translate.xml:44823 msgid "" "FreeBSD has two development branches: FreeBSD-CURRENT and FreeBSD-STABLE." msgstr "FreeBSD 有兩個開發分支：FreeBSD-CURRENT 及 FreeBSD-STABLE。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44830 +#: book.translate.xml:44826 msgid "" "This section provides an explanation of each branch and its intended " "audience, as well as how to keep a system up-to-date with each respective " @@ -65330,12 +65870,12 @@ "本節將說明每個分支及其的特定使用者，也會說明如何在各別分支維持系統為最新版。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44835 +#: book.translate.xml:44831 msgid "Using FreeBSD-CURRENT" msgstr "使用 FreeBSD-CURRENT" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44837 +#: book.translate.xml:44833 msgid "" "FreeBSD-CURRENT is the bleeding edge of FreeBSD development " "and FreeBSD-CURRENT users are expected to have a high degree of technical " @@ -65347,7 +65887,7 @@ "支。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44843 +#: book.translate.xml:44839 msgid "" "FreeBSD-CURRENT is the very latest source code for FreeBSD and includes " "works in progress, experimental changes, and transitional mechanisms that " @@ -65365,12 +65905,12 @@ "量這個問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44853 +#: book.translate.xml:44849 msgid "FreeBSD-CURRENT is made available for three primary interest groups:" msgstr "FreeBSD-CURRENT 主要給下以三種族群：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44858 +#: book.translate.xml:44854 msgid "" "Members of the FreeBSD community who are actively working on some part of " "the source tree." @@ -65377,7 +65917,7 @@ msgstr "致力於開發某一部份原始碼樹的 FreeBSD 社群成員。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44863 +#: book.translate.xml:44859 msgid "" "Members of the FreeBSD community who are active testers. They are willing to " "spend time solving problems, making topical suggestions on changes and the " @@ -65387,7 +65927,7 @@ "及大方向提出專業建議並送交修補。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44870 +#: book.translate.xml:44866 msgid "" "Users who wish to keep an eye on things, use the current source for " "reference purposes, or make the occasional comment or code contribution." @@ -65395,7 +65935,7 @@ "隨時關注的使用者，使用目前原始碼做為參考用途，或是偶爾提供意見或貢獻原始碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44876 +#: book.translate.xml:44872 msgid "" "FreeBSD-CURRENT should not be considered a fast-track " "to getting new features before the next release as pre-release features are " @@ -65410,17 +65950,17 @@ "CURRENT 不在 官方支援 的範圍內。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44884 +#: book.translate.xml:44880 msgid "-CURRENT using" msgstr "-CURRENT 使用" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44889 +#: book.translate.xml:44885 msgid "To track FreeBSD-CURRENT:" msgstr "若要追蹤 FreeBSD-CURRENT：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44893 +#: book.translate.xml:44889 msgid "" "Join the freebsd-current and the svn-src-head list records the commit log entry for each change as " @@ -65447,7 +65987,7 @@ "用的相關資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44904 +#: book.translate.xml:44900 msgid "" "To join these lists, go to http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo, click " @@ -65463,7 +66003,7 @@ "listinfo/svn-src-all\">svn-src-all 郵遞論壇。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44912 +#: book.translate.xml:44908 msgid "" "Synchronize with the FreeBSD-CURRENT sources. Typically, svn is used to check out the -CURRENT code from the headhead 分支中取出 -CURRENT 的程式碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44920 +#: book.translate.xml:44916 msgid "" "Due to the size of the repository, some users choose to only synchronize the " "sections of source that interest them or which they are contributing patches " @@ -65488,12 +66028,12 @@ "的 FreeBSD-CURRENT，不可只有選擇的部份。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44928 +#: book.translate.xml:44924 msgid "-CURRENT compiling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44927 +#: book.translate.xml:44923 msgid "" "Before compiling FreeBSD-CURRENT <_:indexterm-1/>, read /usr/src/" "Makefile very carefully and follow the instructions in 來了解升級的相關資訊，有時會含有升級下一個發行版的必要資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44942 +#: book.translate.xml:44938 msgid "" "Be active! FreeBSD-CURRENT users are encouraged to submit their suggestions " "for enhancements or bug fixes. Suggestions with accompanying code are always " @@ -65520,12 +66060,12 @@ "議。 如果您在建議時能附上相關程式碼的話， 那真是太棒了！" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44951 +#: book.translate.xml:44947 msgid "Using FreeBSD-STABLE" msgstr "使用 FreeBSD-STABLE" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44953 +#: book.translate.xml:44949 msgid "" "FreeBSD-STABLE is the development branch from which major releases are made. " "Changes go into this branch at a slower pace and with the general assumption " @@ -65543,7 +66083,7 @@ "資源可供測試的使用者應該改使用最新的 FreeBSD 發行版。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44964 +#: book.translate.xml:44960 msgid "" "Those interested in tracking or contributing to the FreeBSD development " "process, especially as it relates to the next release of FreeBSD, should " @@ -65553,7 +66093,7 @@ "內容有興趣的人，應該考慮追蹤 FreeBSD-STABLE。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44968 +#: book.translate.xml:44964 msgid "" "While the FreeBSD-STABLE branch should compile and run at all times, this " "cannot be guaranteed. Since more people run FreeBSD-STABLE than FreeBSD-" @@ -65572,17 +66112,17 @@ "服器為 FreeBSD-STABLE。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44978 +#: book.translate.xml:44974 msgid "To track FreeBSD-STABLE:" msgstr "若要追蹤 FreeBSD-STABLE：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44980 +#: book.translate.xml:44976 msgid "-STABLE using" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44986 +#: book.translate.xml:44982 msgid "" "Join the freebsd-stable list in order to stay informed of " @@ -65598,7 +66138,7 @@ "在這裡發信公告，讓使用者有機會可以對提案的更改提出問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44995 +#: book.translate.xml:44991 msgid "" "Join the relevant svn list for the branch being " "tracked. For example, users tracking the 9-STABLE branch should join the " @@ -65613,7 +66153,7 @@ "個郵遞論壇會記錄每一次修改的提交項目，以及可能產生的副作用的相關資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45003 +#: book.translate.xml:44999 msgid "" "To join these lists, go to http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo, click " @@ -65628,7 +66168,7 @@ "listinfo/svn-src-all\">svn-src-all 郵遞論壇。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45010 +#: book.translate.xml:45006 msgid "" "To install a new FreeBSD-STABLE system, install the most recent FreeBSD-" "STABLE release from the FreeBSD mirror sites 來取得更多有關快照的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45015 +#: book.translate.xml:45011 msgid "" "To compile or upgrade to an existing FreeBSD system to FreeBSD-STABLE, use " "svn <_:indexterm-1/> to check out the source " @@ -65656,12 +66196,12 @@ "link>，例如 stable/9。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45026 +#: book.translate.xml:45022 msgid "-STABLE compiling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45025 +#: book.translate.xml:45021 msgid "" "Before compiling or upgrading to FreeBSD-STABLE <_:indexterm-1/>, read " "/usr/src/Makefile carefully and follow the instructions " @@ -65678,12 +66218,12 @@ "filename> 來了解升級的相關資訊，有時會含有升級下一個發行版的必要資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:45040 +#: book.translate.xml:45036 msgid "Synchronizing Source" msgstr "同步原始碼" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45042 +#: book.translate.xml:45038 msgid "" "There are various methods for staying up-to-date with the FreeBSD sources. " "This section describes the primary service, SubversionSubversion。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:45047 +#: book.translate.xml:45043 msgid "" "While it is possible to update only parts of the source tree, the only " "supported update procedure is to update the entire tree and recompile all " @@ -65710,7 +66250,7 @@ "題。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45061 +#: book.translate.xml:45057 msgid "" "Subversion uses the pull " "model of updating sources. The user, or a cron script, " @@ -65724,7 +66264,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45073 +#: book.translate.xml:45069 msgid "" "If a user inadvertently wipes out portions of the local archive, " "Subversion will detect and rebuild the damaged " @@ -65732,17 +66272,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:45079 +#: book.translate.xml:45075 msgid "Rebuilding World" msgstr "重新編譯 World" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45081 +#: book.translate.xml:45077 msgid "Rebuilding world" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45084 +#: book.translate.xml:45080 msgid "" "Once the local source tree is synchronized against a particular version of " "FreeBSD such as FreeBSD-STABLE or FreeBSD-CURRENT, the source tree can be " @@ -65752,7 +66292,7 @@ "同步以後，便可使用原始碼樹來重新編譯系統。這個程序即為重新編譯 World。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45089 +#: book.translate.xml:45085 msgid "" "Before rebuilding world, be sure to perform the " "following tasks:" @@ -65759,12 +66299,12 @@ msgstr "在重新編譯 World 之前，請確定已完成以下工作：" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:45093 +#: book.translate.xml:45089 msgid "Perform These Tasks Before Building World" msgstr "編譯 World 之前 要完成的工作" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45097 +#: book.translate.xml:45093 msgid "" "Backup all important data to another system or removable media, verify the " "integrity of the backup, and have a bootable installation media at hand. It " @@ -65781,12 +66321,12 @@ "非後悔。" #. (itstool) path: step/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45109 +#: book.translate.xml:45105 msgid "mailing list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45110 +#: book.translate.xml:45106 msgid "" "Review the recent freebsd-stable or /usr/src/UPDATING for any extra steps necessary " "for that version of the source. This file contains important information " @@ -65827,12 +66367,12 @@ "UPDATING 為準並應遵循其內容。" #. (itstool) path: warning/title -#: book.translate.xml:45137 +#: book.translate.xml:45133 msgid "Do Not Use make world" msgstr "不要使用 make world" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:45139 +#: book.translate.xml:45135 msgid "" "Some older documentation recommends using make world. " "However, that command skips some important steps and should only be used by " @@ -65844,12 +66384,12 @@ "錯的，並應使用此處說明的程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:45148 +#: book.translate.xml:45144 msgid "Overview of Process" msgstr "流程概述" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45150 +#: book.translate.xml:45146 msgid "" "The build world process assumes an upgrade from an older FreeBSD version " "using the source of a newer version that was obtained using the instructions " @@ -65859,7 +66399,7 @@ "原始碼來升級舊版的 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45154 +#: book.translate.xml:45150 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, the term world includes the kernel, core system " "binaries, libraries, programming files, and built-in compiler. The order in " @@ -65869,7 +66409,7 @@ "始碼以及內建的編譯器。這些元件編譯與安裝的順序非常重要。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45159 +#: book.translate.xml:45155 msgid "" "For example, the old compiler might have a bug and not be able to compile " "the new kernel. Since the new kernel should be built with the new compiler, " @@ -65880,7 +66420,7 @@ "編譯，因此新的編譯器必需先編譯，但在新核心編譯前並不一定要安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45165 +#: book.translate.xml:45161 msgid "" "The new world might rely on new kernel features, so the new kernel must be " "installed before the new world is installed. The old world might not run " @@ -65893,7 +66433,7 @@ "馬上安裝新的 World。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45171 +#: book.translate.xml:45167 msgid "" "Some configuration changes must be made before the new world is installed, " "but others might break the old world. Hence, two different configuration " @@ -65908,7 +66448,7 @@ "UPDATING 便會說明需要手動刪除的檔案以及操作的步驟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45180 +#: book.translate.xml:45176 msgid "" "These concerns have led to the recommended upgrade sequence described in the " "following procedure." @@ -65915,7 +66455,7 @@ msgstr "這些問題會影響接下來的建議升級順序。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45184 +#: book.translate.xml:45180 msgid "" "It is a good idea to save the output from running make to " "a file. If something goes wrong, a copy of the error message can be posted " @@ -65925,7 +66465,7 @@ "可複製錯誤訊息張貼到 FreeBSD 郵遞論壇。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45189 +#: book.translate.xml:45185 msgid "" "The easiest way to do this is to use script with a " "parameter that specifies the name of the file to save all output to. Do not " @@ -65940,7 +66480,7 @@ "World 之前執行這個指令，並在流程完成後輸入 exit：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45199 +#: book.translate.xml:45195 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# script /var/tmp/mw.out\n" @@ -65948,12 +66488,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:45204 +#: book.translate.xml:45200 msgid "Overview of Build World Process" msgstr "編譯 World 流程概述" #. (itstool) path: procedure/para -#: book.translate.xml:45206 +#: book.translate.xml:45202 msgid "" "The commands used in the build world process should be run in the order " "specified here. This section summarizes the function of each command." @@ -65961,7 +66501,7 @@ "編譯 World 流程中使用的指令應依此處指定的順序執行。本節將摘要各指令的功能。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45211 +#: book.translate.xml:45207 msgid "" "If the build world process has previously been run on this system, a copy of " "the previous build may still exist in /usr/obj. To " @@ -65973,7 +66513,7 @@ "在，請移除此目錄：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45218 +#: book.translate.xml:45214 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chflags -R noschg /usr/obj/*\n" @@ -65981,7 +66521,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45223 +#: book.translate.xml:45219 msgid "" "Compile the new compiler and a few related tools, then use the new compiler " "to compile the rest of the new world. The result is saved to /usr/" @@ -65991,7 +66531,7 @@ "儲存到 /usr/obj。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45227 +#: book.translate.xml:45223 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -65999,7 +66539,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45232 +#: book.translate.xml:45228 msgid "" "Use the new compiler residing in /usr/obj to build the " "new kernel, in order to protect against compiler-kernel mismatches. This is " @@ -66013,13 +66553,13 @@ "的程式會無法運作。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45240 +#: book.translate.xml:45236 #, no-wrap msgid "# make buildkernel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45244 +#: book.translate.xml:45240 msgid "" "Install the new kernel and kernel modules, making it possible to boot with " "the newly updated kernel. If kern.securelevel has been " @@ -66042,13 +66582,13 @@ "manvolnum> 取得有關各種檔案旗標的詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45256 +#: book.translate.xml:45252 #, no-wrap msgid "# make installkernel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45260 +#: book.translate.xml:45256 msgid "" "Drop the system into single-user mode in order to minimize problems from " "updating any binaries that are already running. It also minimizes any " @@ -66058,13 +66598,13 @@ "可減少在新核心上執行舊 World 的問題。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45265 +#: book.translate.xml:45261 #, no-wrap msgid "# shutdown now" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45267 +#: book.translate.xml:45263 msgid "" "Once in single-user mode, run these commands if the system is formatted with " "UFS:" @@ -66071,7 +66611,7 @@ msgstr "進入單使用者模式後，若系統磁碟格式為 UFS 請執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45270 +#: book.translate.xml:45266 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mount -u /\n" @@ -66080,7 +66620,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45274 +#: book.translate.xml:45270 msgid "" "If the system is instead formatted with ZFS, run these two commands. This " "example assumes a zpool name of zroot:" @@ -66089,7 +66629,7 @@ "zroot：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45278 +#: book.translate.xml:45274 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs set readonly=off zroot\n" @@ -66097,7 +66637,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45283 +#: book.translate.xml:45279 msgid "" "Optional: If a keyboard mapping other than the default US English is " "desired, it can be changed with kbdmap 來變更：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45287 +#: book.translate.xml:45283 #, no-wrap msgid "# kbdmap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45291 +#: book.translate.xml:45287 msgid "" "Then, for either file system, if the CMOS clock is set to " "local time (this is true if the output of date 顯示不正確的時間與時區)，請執行：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45296 +#: book.translate.xml:45292 #, no-wrap msgid "# adjkerntz -i" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45300 +#: book.translate.xml:45296 msgid "" "Remaking the world will not update certain directories, such as /" "etc, /var and /usr, " @@ -66155,19 +66695,19 @@ "linkend=\"mergemaster\"/> 來取得更多有關此指令的詳細操作說明：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45317 +#: book.translate.xml:45313 #, no-wrap msgid "# mergemaster -p" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45321 +#: book.translate.xml:45317 msgid "" "Install the new world and system binaries from /usr/obj." msgstr "從 /usr/obj 安裝新 World 與系統 Binary。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45324 +#: book.translate.xml:45320 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -66175,18 +66715,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45329 +#: book.translate.xml:45325 msgid "Update any remaining configuration files." msgstr "更新任何剩下的設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45331 +#: book.translate.xml:45327 #, no-wrap msgid "# mergemaster -iF" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45335 +#: book.translate.xml:45331 msgid "" "Delete any obsolete files. This is important as they may cause problems if " "left on the disk." @@ -66194,13 +66734,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/screen #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45338 book.translate.xml:45725 +#: book.translate.xml:45334 book.translate.xml:45721 #, no-wrap msgid "# make delete-old" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45342 +#: book.translate.xml:45338 msgid "" "A full reboot is now needed to load the new kernel and new world with the " "new configuration files." @@ -66207,13 +66747,13 @@ msgstr "現在需要完整重新啟動來載入新的核心、新的 World 與新的設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45345 +#: book.translate.xml:45341 #, no-wrap msgid "# reboot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:45349 +#: book.translate.xml:45345 msgid "" "Make sure that all installed ports have first been rebuilt before old " "libraries are removed using the instructions in # make delete-old-libs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45362 +#: book.translate.xml:45358 msgid "" "If the system can have a window of down-time, consider compiling the system " "in single-user mode instead of compiling the system in multi-user mode, and " @@ -66249,17 +66789,17 @@ "是有使用者在使用時，是自找麻煩。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45375 +#: book.translate.xml:45371 msgid "make.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45379 +#: book.translate.xml:45375 msgid "This build world process uses several configuration files." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45382 +#: book.translate.xml:45378 msgid "" "The Makefile located in /usr/src " "describes how the programs that comprise FreeBSD should be built and the " @@ -66267,7 +66807,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45387 +#: book.translate.xml:45383 msgid "" "The options available to make are described in " "make.conf5src.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45406 +#: book.translate.xml:45402 msgid "" "How the operating system is built from source code is controlled by " "/etc/src.conf. Unlike /etc/make.confmake is as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45423 +#: book.translate.xml:45419 #, no-wrap msgid "# make -x -DVARIABLE target" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45425 +#: book.translate.xml:45421 msgid "" "In this example, is an option " "passed to make. Refer to " @@ -66328,7 +66868,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45430 +#: book.translate.xml:45426 msgid "" "To pass a variable, specify the variable name with . The behavior of the " @@ -66339,25 +66879,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45439 +#: book.translate.xml:45435 #, no-wrap msgid "# make -DNO_PROFILE target" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45441 +#: book.translate.xml:45437 msgid "" "It corresponds with this setting in /etc/make.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:45444 +#: book.translate.xml:45440 #, no-wrap msgid "NO_PROFILE= true # Avoid compiling profiled libraries" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45446 +#: book.translate.xml:45442 msgid "" "The target tells make what to " "do and the Makefile defines the available targets. Some " @@ -66366,7 +66906,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45453 +#: book.translate.xml:45449 msgid "" "Having separate options is useful for two reasons. First, it allows for a " "build that does not affect any components of a running system. Because of " @@ -66376,7 +66916,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45461 +#: book.translate.xml:45457 msgid "" "Secondly, it allows NFS mounts to be used to upgrade " "multiple machines on a network, as described in -j which will cause " "make to spawn several simultaneous processes. Since much " @@ -66394,7 +66934,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45473 +#: book.translate.xml:45469 msgid "" "On a single-CPU machine, run the following command to " "have up to 4 processes running at any one time. Empirical evidence posted to " @@ -66402,13 +66942,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45478 +#: book.translate.xml:45474 #, no-wrap msgid "# make -j4 buildworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45480 +#: book.translate.xml:45476 msgid "" "On a multi-CPU machine, try values between 6 and 10 to see how they speed things up." @@ -66415,7 +66955,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45484 +#: book.translate.xml:45480 msgid "" "rebuilding world timings" @@ -66422,7 +66962,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45490 +#: book.translate.xml:45486 msgid "" "If any variables were specified to make buildworld, " "specify the same variables to make installworld. However, " @@ -66431,29 +66971,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45496 +#: book.translate.xml:45492 msgid "For example, if this command was used:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45498 +#: book.translate.xml:45494 #, no-wrap msgid "# make -DNO_PROFILE buildworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45500 +#: book.translate.xml:45496 msgid "Install the results with:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45502 +#: book.translate.xml:45498 #, no-wrap msgid "# make -DNO_PROFILE installworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45504 +#: book.translate.xml:45500 msgid "" "Otherwise, the second command will try to install profiled libraries that " "were not built during the make buildworld phase." @@ -66460,17 +67000,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:45512 +#: book.translate.xml:45508 msgid "Merging Configuration Files" msgstr "合併設定檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45525 +#: book.translate.xml:45521 msgid " mergemaster " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45531 +#: book.translate.xml:45527 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides the mergemaster8 Bourne script to aid " @@ -66481,7 +67021,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45538 +#: book.translate.xml:45534 msgid "" "Before using mergemaster, it is recommended to first copy " "the existing /etc somewhere safe. Include :" @@ -68115,13 +68655,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47044 +#: book.translate.xml:47040 #, no-wrap msgid "# grep uart /var/run/dmesg.boot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47046 +#: book.translate.xml:47042 msgid "" "If the system does not recognize all of the needed serial ports, additional " "entries can be added to /boot/device.hints. This file " @@ -68135,17 +68675,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47059 +#: book.translate.xml:47055 msgid "ttyu" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47060 +#: book.translate.xml:47056 msgid "cuau" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47062 +#: book.translate.xml:47058 msgid "" "To determine the default set of terminal I/O settings " "used by the port, specify its device name. This example determines the " @@ -68153,13 +68693,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47067 +#: book.translate.xml:47063 #, no-wrap msgid "# stty -a -f /dev/ttyu1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47069 +#: book.translate.xml:47065 msgid "" "System-wide initialization of serial devices is controlled by /etc/" "rc.d/serial. This file affects the default settings of serial " @@ -68173,13 +68713,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47081 +#: book.translate.xml:47077 #, no-wrap msgid "# stty -f /dev/ttyu5.init clocal cs8 ixon ixoff" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47083 book.translate.xml:47668 +#: book.translate.xml:47079 book.translate.xml:47664 msgid "" "rc files rc.serial" @@ -68186,7 +68726,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47088 +#: book.translate.xml:47084 msgid "" "To prevent certain settings from being changed by an application, make " "adjustments to the locking device. For example, to lock the speed of " @@ -68194,13 +68734,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47093 +#: book.translate.xml:47089 #, no-wrap msgid "# stty -f /dev/ttyu5.lock 57600" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47095 +#: book.translate.xml:47091 msgid "" "Now, any application that opens ttyu5 and tries to " "change the speed of the port will be stuck with 57600 bps." @@ -68207,12 +68747,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:47103 +#: book.translate.xml:47099 msgid "Terminals" msgstr "終端機" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:47106 +#: book.translate.xml:47102 msgid "" " Sean Kelly Contributed by " @@ -68219,7 +68759,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47118 +#: book.translate.xml:47114 msgid "" "Terminals provide a convenient and low-cost way to access a FreeBSD system " "when not at the computer's console or on a connected network. This section " @@ -68227,7 +68767,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47123 +#: book.translate.xml:47119 msgid "" "The original UNIX systems did " "not have consoles. Instead, users logged in and ran programs through " @@ -68235,7 +68775,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47127 +#: book.translate.xml:47123 msgid "" "The ability to establish a login session on a serial port still exists in " "nearly every UNIX-like operating " @@ -68245,7 +68785,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47134 +#: book.translate.xml:47130 msgid "" "Many terminals can be attached to a FreeBSD system. An older spare computer " "can be used as a terminal wired into a more powerful computer running " @@ -68254,17 +68794,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47140 +#: book.translate.xml:47136 msgid "FreeBSD supports three types of terminals:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:47144 +#: book.translate.xml:47140 msgid "Dumb terminals" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47146 +#: book.translate.xml:47142 msgid "" "Dumb terminals are specialized hardware that connect to computers over " "serial lines. They are called dumb because they have only " @@ -68274,7 +68814,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47154 +#: book.translate.xml:47150 msgid "" "There are hundreds of kinds of dumb terminals made by many manufacturers, " "and just about any kind will work with FreeBSD. Some high-end terminals can " @@ -68283,7 +68823,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47160 +#: book.translate.xml:47156 msgid "" "Dumb terminals are popular in work environments where workers do not need " "access to graphical applications." @@ -68290,12 +68830,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:47167 +#: book.translate.xml:47163 msgid "Computers Acting as Terminals" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47169 +#: book.translate.xml:47165 msgid "" "Since a dumb terminal has just enough ability to display, send, and receive " "text, any spare computer can be a dumb terminal. All that is needed is the " @@ -68304,7 +68844,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47175 +#: book.translate.xml:47171 msgid "" "This configuration can be useful. For example, if one user is busy working " "at the FreeBSD system's console, another user can do some text-only work at " @@ -68313,7 +68853,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47181 +#: book.translate.xml:47177 msgid "" "There are at least two utilities in the base-system of FreeBSD that can be " "used to work through a serial connection: cu# cu -l serial-port-device" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47190 +#: book.translate.xml:47186 msgid "" "Replace serial-port-device with the device name " "of the connected serial port. These device files are called /dev/" @@ -68349,7 +68889,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47203 +#: book.translate.xml:47199 msgid "" "Additional programs are available through the Ports Collection, such as " "comms/minicom." @@ -68356,12 +68896,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:47210 +#: book.translate.xml:47206 msgid "X Terminals" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47212 +#: book.translate.xml:47208 msgid "" "X terminals are the most sophisticated kind of terminal available. Instead " "of connecting to a serial port, they usually connect to a network like " @@ -68370,18 +68910,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47219 +#: book.translate.xml:47215 msgid "" "This chapter does not cover the setup, configuration, or use of X terminals." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47226 +#: book.translate.xml:47222 msgid "Terminal Configuration" msgstr "終端機設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47228 +#: book.translate.xml:47224 msgid "" "This section describes how to configure a FreeBSD system to enable a login " "session on a serial terminal. It assumes that the system recognizes the " @@ -68390,7 +68930,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47234 +#: book.translate.xml:47230 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, init reads /etc/ttys and " "starts a getty process on the available terminals. The " @@ -68406,7 +68946,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47250 +#: book.translate.xml:47246 msgid "" "The default /etc/ttys configures support for the first " "four serial ports, ttyu0 through ttyu3on configures two terminals in /etc/" "ttys. The first entry configures a Wyse-50 connected to " @@ -68445,12 +68985,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:47276 +#: book.translate.xml:47272 msgid "Configuring Terminal Entries" msgstr "設定終端機項目" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47278 +#: book.translate.xml:47274 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ttyu1 \"/usr/libexec/getty std.38400\" wy50 on insecure\n" @@ -68458,12 +68998,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47283 +#: book.translate.xml:47279 msgid "The first field specifies the device name of the serial terminal." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47288 +#: book.translate.xml:47284 msgid "" "The second field tells getty to initialize and open the " "line, set the line speed, prompt for a user name, and then execute the " @@ -68479,7 +69019,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47304 +#: book.translate.xml:47300 msgid "" "When setting the getty type, make sure to match the communications settings " "used by the terminal. For this example, the Wyse-50 uses no parity and " @@ -68487,7 +69027,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47312 +#: book.translate.xml:47308 msgid "" "The third field is the type of terminal. For dial-up ports, " "unknown or dialup is typically used " @@ -68499,7 +69039,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47326 +#: book.translate.xml:47322 msgid "" "The fourth field specifies if the port should be enabled. To enable logins " "on this port, this field must be set to on." @@ -68506,7 +69046,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47332 +#: book.translate.xml:47328 msgid "" "The final field is used to specify whether the port is secure. Marking a " "port as secure means that it is trusted enough to allow " @@ -68520,7 +69060,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47346 +#: book.translate.xml:47342 msgid "" "After making any changes to /etc/ttys, send a SIGHUP " "(hangup) signal to the init process to force it to re-" @@ -68528,13 +69068,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47351 book.translate.xml:47666 +#: book.translate.xml:47347 book.translate.xml:47662 #, no-wrap msgid "# kill -HUP 1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47353 +#: book.translate.xml:47349 msgid "" "Since init is always the first process run on a system, " "it always has a process ID of 1." @@ -68541,7 +69081,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47357 +#: book.translate.xml:47353 msgid "" "If everything is set up correctly, all cables are in place, and the " "terminals are powered up, a getty process should now be " @@ -68550,12 +69090,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47365 +#: book.translate.xml:47361 msgid "Troubleshooting the Connection" msgstr "連線疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47367 +#: book.translate.xml:47363 msgid "" "Even with the most meticulous attention to detail, something could still go " "wrong while setting up a terminal. Here is a list of common symptoms and " @@ -68563,7 +69103,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47372 +#: book.translate.xml:47368 msgid "" "If no login prompt appears, make sure the terminal is plugged in and powered " "up. If it is a personal computer acting as a terminal, make sure it is " @@ -68571,7 +69111,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47377 +#: book.translate.xml:47373 msgid "" "Make sure the cable is connected firmly to both the terminal and the FreeBSD " "computer. Make sure it is the right kind of cable." @@ -68578,7 +69118,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47381 +#: book.translate.xml:47377 msgid "" "Make sure the terminal and FreeBSD agree on the bps rate " "and parity settings. For a video display terminal, make sure the contrast " @@ -68587,7 +69127,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47387 +#: book.translate.xml:47383 msgid "" "Use ps to make sure that a getty " "process is running and serving the terminal. For example, the following " @@ -68597,7 +69137,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47395 +#: book.translate.xml:47391 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ps -axww|grep ttyu\n" @@ -68605,7 +69145,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47398 +#: book.translate.xml:47394 msgid "" "If no getty process is running, make sure the port is " "enabled in /etc/ttys. Remember to run kill -" @@ -68613,7 +69153,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47403 +#: book.translate.xml:47399 msgid "" "If the getty process is running but the terminal still " "does not display a login prompt, or if it displays a prompt but will not " @@ -68628,7 +69168,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47417 +#: book.translate.xml:47413 msgid "" "If garbage appears instead of a login prompt, make sure the terminal and " "FreeBSD agree on the bps rate and parity settings. Check " @@ -68638,7 +69178,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47425 +#: book.translate.xml:47421 msgid "" "If characters appear doubled and the password appears when typed, switch the " "terminal, or the terminal emulation software, from half duplex Guy Helmer Contributed by " @@ -68658,7 +69198,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:47447 +#: book.translate.xml:47443 msgid "" " Sean Kelly Additions by " @@ -68665,12 +69205,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47457 +#: book.translate.xml:47453 msgid "dial-in service" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47459 +#: book.translate.xml:47455 msgid "" "Configuring a FreeBSD system for dial-in service is similar to configuring " "terminals, except that modems are used instead of terminal devices. FreeBSD " @@ -68678,7 +69218,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47464 +#: book.translate.xml:47460 msgid "" "External modems are more convenient because they often can be configured via " "parameters stored in non-volatile RAM and they usually " @@ -68688,7 +69228,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47471 +#: book.translate.xml:47467 msgid "" "Internal modems usually lack non-volatile RAM, so their " "configuration may be limited to setting DIP switches. If " @@ -68697,12 +69237,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47477 +#: book.translate.xml:47473 msgid "modem" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47479 +#: book.translate.xml:47475 msgid "" "When using an external modem, a proper cable is needed. A standard " "RS-232C serial cable should suffice." @@ -68709,7 +69249,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47483 +#: book.translate.xml:47479 msgid "" "FreeBSD needs the RTS and CTS signals " "for flow control at speeds above 2400 bps, the CD signal " @@ -68722,7 +69262,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47493 +#: book.translate.xml:47489 msgid "" "Like other UNIX-like operating " "systems, FreeBSD uses the hardware signals to find out when a call has been " @@ -68732,7 +69272,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47499 +#: book.translate.xml:47495 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports the NS8250, NS16450, " "NS16550, and NS16550A-based " @@ -68748,7 +69288,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47514 +#: book.translate.xml:47510 msgid "" "The rest of this section demonstrates how to configure a modem to receive " "incoming connections, how to communicate with the modem, and offers some " @@ -68756,17 +69296,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47519 +#: book.translate.xml:47515 msgid "Modem Configuration" msgstr "數據機設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47521 +#: book.translate.xml:47517 msgid "getty" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47522 +#: book.translate.xml:47518 msgid "" "As with terminals, init spawns a getty " "process for each configured serial port used for dial-in connections. When a " @@ -68784,12 +69324,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47539 +#: book.translate.xml:47535 msgid "/usr/bin/login" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47543 +#: book.translate.xml:47539 msgid "" "There are two schools of thought regarding dial-up modems. One configuration " "method is to set the modems and systems so that no matter at what speed a " @@ -68802,7 +69342,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47555 +#: book.translate.xml:47551 msgid "" "The second method is to configure the RS-232 interface to " "vary its speed based on the remote user's connection speed. Because " @@ -68820,7 +69360,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47573 +#: book.translate.xml:47569 msgid "" "When locking a modem's data communications rate at a particular speed, no " "changes to /etc/gettytab should be needed. However, for " @@ -68837,7 +69377,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47590 +#: book.translate.xml:47586 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#\n" @@ -68856,7 +69396,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47604 +#: book.translate.xml:47600 msgid "" "For a 28.8 Kbps modem, or to take advantage of compression on a 14.4 Kbps " "modem, use a higher communications rate, as seen in this example:" @@ -68863,7 +69403,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47608 +#: book.translate.xml:47604 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#\n" @@ -68883,7 +69423,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47623 +#: book.translate.xml:47619 msgid "" "For a slow CPU or a heavily loaded system without 16550A-" "based serial ports, this configuration may produce sio/etc/ttys" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47632 +#: book.translate.xml:47628 msgid "" "The configuration of /etc/ttys is similar to , but a different argument is passed to " @@ -68906,13 +69446,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47639 +#: book.translate.xml:47635 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyu0 \"/usr/libexec/getty xxx\" dialup on" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47641 +#: book.translate.xml:47637 msgid "" "The dialup terminal type can be changed. For example, " "setting vt102 as the default terminal type allows users " @@ -68920,7 +69460,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47647 +#: book.translate.xml:47643 msgid "" "For a locked-speed configuration, specify the speed with a valid type listed " "in /etc/gettytab. This example is for a modem whose " @@ -68928,13 +69468,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47652 +#: book.translate.xml:47648 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyu0 \"/usr/libexec/getty std.19200\" dialup on" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47654 +#: book.translate.xml:47650 msgid "" "In a matching-speed configuration, the entry needs to reference the " "appropriate beginning auto-baud entry in /etc/" @@ -68943,13 +69483,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47660 +#: book.translate.xml:47656 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyu0 \"/usr/libexec/getty V19200\" dialup on" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47662 +#: book.translate.xml:47658 msgid "" "After editing /etc/ttys, wait until the modem is " "properly configured and connected before signaling init:" @@ -68956,7 +69496,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47673 +#: book.translate.xml:47669 msgid "" "High-speed modems, like V.32, V.32bis, " "and V.34 modems, use hardware (RTS/CTS# stty -f /dev/ttyu1.init crtscts\n" @@ -68975,7 +69515,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47836 +#: book.translate.xml:47832 msgid "" "This section provides a few tips for troubleshooting a dial-up modem that " "will not connect to a FreeBSD system." @@ -68982,7 +69522,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47839 +#: book.translate.xml:47835 msgid "" "Hook up the modem to the FreeBSD system and boot the system. If the modem " "has status indication lights, watch to see whether the modem's DTRDTR indicator does not light, login to the FreeBSD " "system through the console and type ps ax to see if " @@ -69001,13 +69541,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47853 +#: book.translate.xml:47849 #, no-wrap msgid " 114 ?? I 0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyu0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47855 +#: book.translate.xml:47851 msgid "" "If the second column contains a d0 instead of a " "?? and the modem has not accepted a call yet, this means " @@ -69019,7 +69559,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47864 +#: book.translate.xml:47860 msgid "" "If no getty processes are waiting to open the port, " "double-check that the entry for the port is correct in /etc/ttyslogin: prompt, check /etc/" "gettytab again and double-check that:" @@ -69047,7 +69587,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47886 +#: book.translate.xml:47882 msgid "" "The initial capability name specified in the entry in /etc/ttys matches the name of a capability in /etc/gettytabnx= entry matches another gettytab capability name." @@ -69062,7 +69602,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47897 +#: book.translate.xml:47893 msgid "" "Each tc= entry matches another gettytab capability name." @@ -69069,7 +69609,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47902 +#: book.translate.xml:47898 msgid "" "If the modem on the FreeBSD system will not answer, make sure that the modem " "is configured to answer the phone when DTR is asserted. " @@ -69078,7 +69618,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47909 +#: book.translate.xml:47905 msgid "" "If it still does not work, try sending an email to the FreeBSD " @@ -69086,17 +69626,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:47916 +#: book.translate.xml:47912 msgid "Dial-out Service" msgstr "撥出服務" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47918 +#: book.translate.xml:47914 msgid "dial-out service" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47920 +#: book.translate.xml:47916 msgid "" "The following are tips for getting the host to connect over the modem to " "another computer. This is appropriate for establishing a terminal session " @@ -69104,7 +69644,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47924 +#: book.translate.xml:47920 msgid "" "This kind of connection can be helpful to get a file on the Internet if " "there are problems using PPP. If PPP is not working, use the terminal " @@ -69113,12 +69653,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47930 +#: book.translate.xml:47926 msgid "Using a Stock Hayes Modem" msgstr "使用 Stock Hayes 數據機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47932 +#: book.translate.xml:47928 msgid "" "A generic Hayes dialer is built into tip. Use " "at=hayes in /etc/remote." @@ -69125,7 +69665,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47936 +#: book.translate.xml:47932 msgid "" "The Hayes driver is not smart enough to recognize some of the advanced " "features of newer modems messages like BUSY, NO " @@ -69135,7 +69675,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47943 +#: book.translate.xml:47939 msgid "" "The dial timeout for tip is 60 seconds. The modem should " "use something less, or else tip will think there is a " @@ -69143,17 +69683,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47950 +#: book.translate.xml:47946 msgid "Using AT Commands" msgstr "使用 AT 指令" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47952 +#: book.translate.xml:47948 msgid "/etc/remote" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47955 +#: book.translate.xml:47951 msgid "" "Create a direct entry in /etc/remote. " "For example, if the modem is hooked up to the first serial port, /" @@ -69161,13 +69701,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47961 +#: book.translate.xml:47957 #, no-wrap msgid "cuau0:dv=/dev/cuau0:br#19200:pa=none" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47963 +#: book.translate.xml:47959 msgid "" "Use the highest bps rate the modem supports in the " "br capability. Then, type tip cuau0 to " @@ -69175,7 +69715,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47967 +#: book.translate.xml:47963 msgid "" "Or, use cu as root with the following command:" @@ -69182,13 +69722,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47970 +#: book.translate.xml:47966 #, no-wrap msgid "# cu -lline -sspeed" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47972 +#: book.translate.xml:47968 msgid "" "line is the serial port, such as /dev/" "cuau0, and speed is the speed, such as " @@ -69197,12 +69737,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47980 +#: book.translate.xml:47976 msgid "The @ Sign Does Not Work" msgstr "@ 符號無法運作" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47982 +#: book.translate.xml:47978 msgid "" "The @ sign in the phone number capability tells " "tip to look in /etc/phones for a " @@ -69212,18 +69752,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47989 +#: book.translate.xml:47985 #, no-wrap msgid "pn=\\@" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47993 +#: book.translate.xml:47989 msgid "Dialing from the Command Line" msgstr "從指令列撥號" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47995 +#: book.translate.xml:47991 msgid "" "Put a generic entry in /etc/remote. For " "example:" @@ -69230,7 +69770,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47998 +#: book.translate.xml:47994 #, no-wrap msgid "" "tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\\\n" @@ -69240,18 +69780,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48003 +#: book.translate.xml:47999 msgid "This should now work:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:48005 +#: book.translate.xml:48001 #, no-wrap msgid "# tip -115200 5551234" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48007 +#: book.translate.xml:48003 msgid "" "Users who prefer cu over tip, can use " "a generic cu entry:" @@ -69258,7 +69798,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48011 +#: book.translate.xml:48007 #, no-wrap msgid "" "cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\\\n" @@ -69266,23 +69806,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48014 +#: book.translate.xml:48010 msgid "and type:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:48016 +#: book.translate.xml:48012 #, no-wrap msgid "# cu 5551234 -s 115200" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48020 +#: book.translate.xml:48016 msgid "Setting the bps Rate" msgstr "設定 bps 率" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48022 +#: book.translate.xml:48018 msgid "" "Put in an entry for tip1200 or cu1200, " "but go ahead and use whatever bps rate is appropriate " @@ -69292,12 +69832,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48032 +#: book.translate.xml:48028 msgid "Accessing a Number of Hosts Through a Terminal Server" msgstr "透過終端伺服器存取多個主機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48035 +#: book.translate.xml:48031 msgid "" "Rather than waiting until connected and typing CONNECT " "host each time, use tiptip" msgstr "在 tip 使用超過一行" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48058 +#: book.translate.xml:48054 msgid "" "This is often a problem where a university has several modem lines and " "several thousand students trying to use them." @@ -69333,7 +69873,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48062 +#: book.translate.xml:48058 msgid "" "Make an entry in /etc/remote and use @ for the pn capability:" @@ -69340,7 +69880,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48066 +#: book.translate.xml:48062 #, no-wrap msgid "" "big-university:\\\n" @@ -69350,12 +69890,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48071 +#: book.translate.xml:48067 msgid "Then, list the phone numbers in /etc/phones:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48074 +#: book.translate.xml:48070 #, no-wrap msgid "" "big-university 5551111\n" @@ -69365,7 +69905,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48079 +#: book.translate.xml:48075 msgid "" "tip will try each number in the listed order, then give " "up. To keep retrying, run tip in a while Ctrl P is the default force character, used to tell " @@ -69388,7 +69928,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48097 +#: book.translate.xml:48093 msgid "" "Type ~sforce=single-char " "followed by a newline. single-char is any single " @@ -69402,7 +69942,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48118 +#: book.translate.xml:48114 msgid "" "To change the force character, specify the following in ~/.tiprc:" @@ -69409,18 +69949,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48121 +#: book.translate.xml:48117 #, no-wrap msgid "force=single-char" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48125 +#: book.translate.xml:48121 msgid "Upper Case Characters" msgstr "大寫字元" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48127 +#: book.translate.xml:48123 msgid "" "This happens when Ctrl " "A is pressed, which is tip's " @@ -69431,7 +69971,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48138 +#: book.translate.xml:48134 msgid "" "Here is a sample ~/.tiprc for Emacs users who need to type " @@ -69440,7 +69980,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48148 +#: book.translate.xml:48144 #, no-wrap msgid "" "force=^^\n" @@ -69448,7 +69988,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48151 +#: book.translate.xml:48147 msgid "" "The ^^ is ShiftCtrl6 ." @@ -69455,12 +69995,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48159 +#: book.translate.xml:48155 msgid "File Transfers with tip" msgstr "使用 tip 傳輸檔案" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48161 +#: book.translate.xml:48157 msgid "" "When talking to another UNIX-" "like operating system, files can be sent and received using ~p~p local-file remote-file" @@ -69477,7 +70017,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/cmdsynopsis -#: book.translate.xml:48173 +#: book.translate.xml:48169 msgid "" "~t remote-file local-file" @@ -69484,7 +70024,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48179 +#: book.translate.xml:48175 msgid "" "There is no error checking, so another protocol, like zmodem, should " "probably be used." @@ -69491,12 +70031,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48184 +#: book.translate.xml:48180 msgid "Using zmodem with tip?" msgstr "在 zmodem 使用 tip?" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48187 +#: book.translate.xml:48183 msgid "" "To receive files, start the sending program on the remote end. Then, type " "~C rz to begin receiving them locally." @@ -69503,7 +70043,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48191 +#: book.translate.xml:48187 msgid "" "To send files, start the receiving program on the remote end. Then, type " "~C sz files to send them to " @@ -69511,12 +70051,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:48200 +#: book.translate.xml:48196 msgid "Setting Up the Serial Console" msgstr "設定序列 Console" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:48203 +#: book.translate.xml:48199 msgid "" " Kazutaka YOKOTA Contributed by " @@ -69523,7 +70063,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:48213 +#: book.translate.xml:48209 msgid "" " Bill Paul Based on a document by " @@ -69530,12 +70070,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:48223 +#: book.translate.xml:48219 msgid "serial console" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48225 +#: book.translate.xml:48221 msgid "" "FreeBSD has the ability to boot a system with a dumb terminal on a serial " "port as a console. This configuration is useful for system administrators " @@ -69544,7 +70084,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48232 +#: book.translate.xml:48228 msgid "" "As described in , FreeBSD employs a three stage " "bootstrap. The first two stages are in the boot block code which is stored " @@ -69553,7 +70093,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48238 +#: book.translate.xml:48234 msgid "" "In order to set up booting from a serial console, the boot block code, the " "boot loader code, and the kernel need to be configured." @@ -69560,12 +70100,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48243 +#: book.translate.xml:48239 msgid "Quick Serial Console Configuration" msgstr "快速序列 Console 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48245 +#: book.translate.xml:48241 msgid "" "This section provides a fast overview of setting up the serial console. This " "procedure can be used when the dumb terminal is connected to COM1COM1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48254 +#: book.translate.xml:48250 msgid "" "Connect the serial cable to COM1 and the controlling " "terminal." @@ -69585,7 +70125,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48260 +#: book.translate.xml:48256 msgid "" "To configure boot messages to display on the serial console, issue the " "following command as the superuser:" @@ -69592,13 +70132,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:48264 +#: book.translate.xml:48260 #, no-wrap msgid "# echo 'console=\"comconsole\"' >> /boot/loader.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48268 +#: book.translate.xml:48264 msgid "" "Edit /etc/ttys and change off to " "on and dialup to vt100 for a discussion on serial " @@ -69650,12 +70190,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48307 +#: book.translate.xml:48303 msgid "Unplug the keyboard." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48309 +#: book.translate.xml:48305 msgid "" "Many systems probe for the keyboard during the Power-On Self-Test " "(POST) and will generate an error if the keyboard is not " @@ -69663,7 +70203,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48315 +#: book.translate.xml:48311 msgid "" "If the computer complains about the error, but boots anyway, no further " "configuration is needed." @@ -69670,7 +70210,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48318 +#: book.translate.xml:48314 msgid "" "If the computer refuses to boot without a keyboard attached, configure the " "BIOS so that it ignores this error. Consult the " @@ -69678,7 +70218,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:48324 +#: book.translate.xml:48320 msgid "" "Try setting the keyboard to Not installed in the " "BIOS. This setting tells the BIOS not " @@ -69690,7 +70230,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48335 +#: book.translate.xml:48331 msgid "" "If the system has a PS/2 mouse, " "unplug it as well. PS/2 mice " @@ -69699,7 +70239,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48341 +#: book.translate.xml:48337 msgid "" "While most systems will boot without a keyboard, quite a few will not boot " "without a graphics adapter. Some systems can be configured to boot with no " @@ -69712,7 +70252,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48356 +#: book.translate.xml:48352 msgid "" "Plug a dumb terminal, an old computer with a modem program, or the serial " "port on another UNIX box into " @@ -69720,7 +70260,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48362 +#: book.translate.xml:48358 msgid "" "Add the appropriate hint.sio.* entries to /boot/" "device.hints for the serial port. Some multi-port cards also " @@ -69731,7 +70271,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48371 +#: book.translate.xml:48367 msgid "" "Create boot.config in the root directory of the " "a partition on the boot drive." @@ -69738,7 +70278,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48375 +#: book.translate.xml:48371 msgid "" "This file instructs the boot block code how to boot the system. In order to " "activate the serial console, one or more of the following options are " @@ -69747,12 +70287,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48383 book.translate.xml:48492 +#: book.translate.xml:48379 book.translate.xml:48488 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48386 +#: book.translate.xml:48382 msgid "" "Toggles between the internal and serial consoles. Use this to switch console " "devices. For instance, to boot from the internal (video) console, use " @@ -69764,12 +70304,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48399 book.translate.xml:48497 +#: book.translate.xml:48395 book.translate.xml:48493 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48402 +#: book.translate.xml:48398 msgid "" "Toggles between the single and dual console configurations. In the single " "configuration, the console will be either the internal console (video " @@ -69782,12 +70322,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48420 +#: book.translate.xml:48416 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48423 +#: book.translate.xml:48419 msgid "" "Makes the boot block probe the keyboard. If no keyboard is found, the " " and options are automatically set." @@ -69794,7 +70334,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48429 +#: book.translate.xml:48425 msgid "" "Due to space constraints in the current version of the boot blocks, is capable of detecting extended keyboards only. Keyboards with " @@ -69804,7 +70344,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48442 +#: book.translate.xml:48438 msgid "" "Use either to select the console automatically or " " to activate the serial console. Refer to " @@ -69814,7 +70354,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48447 +#: book.translate.xml:48443 msgid "" "The options, except for , are passed to the boot loader. " "The boot loader will determine whether the internal video or the serial port " @@ -69826,12 +70366,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48460 +#: book.translate.xml:48456 msgid "Boot the machine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48462 +#: book.translate.xml:48458 msgid "" "When FreeBSD starts, the boot blocks echo the contents of /boot." "config to the console. For example:" @@ -69838,7 +70378,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:48466 +#: book.translate.xml:48462 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/boot.config: -P\n" @@ -69846,7 +70386,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48469 +#: book.translate.xml:48465 msgid "" "The second line appears only if is in /boot." "config and indicates the presence or absence of the keyboard. " @@ -69855,52 +70395,52 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48480 +#: book.translate.xml:48476 msgid "Options" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48481 +#: book.translate.xml:48477 msgid "Message goes to" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48487 +#: book.translate.xml:48483 msgid "none" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48488 book.translate.xml:48508 +#: book.translate.xml:48484 book.translate.xml:48504 msgid "internal console" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48493 book.translate.xml:48513 +#: book.translate.xml:48489 book.translate.xml:48509 msgid "serial console" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48498 book.translate.xml:48503 +#: book.translate.xml:48494 book.translate.xml:48499 msgid "serial and internal consoles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48502 +#: book.translate.xml:48498 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48507 +#: book.translate.xml:48503 msgid ", keyboard present" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48512 +#: book.translate.xml:48508 msgid ", keyboard absent" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48519 +#: book.translate.xml:48515 msgid "" "After the message, there will be a small pause before the boot blocks " "continue loading the boot loader and before any further messages are printed " @@ -69910,7 +70450,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48526 +#: book.translate.xml:48522 msgid "" "Press any key, other than Enter, at the console to " "interrupt the boot process. The boot blocks will then prompt for further " @@ -69918,7 +70458,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48534 +#: book.translate.xml:48530 msgid "" "Verify that the above message appears on either the serial or internal " "console, or both, according to the options in /boot.config-h then Enter or " @@ -69937,7 +70477,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48551 +#: book.translate.xml:48547 msgid "" "During the third stage of the boot process, one can still switch between the " "internal console and the serial console by setting appropriate environment " @@ -69946,7 +70486,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48558 +#: book.translate.xml:48554 msgid "" "This line in /boot/loader.conf or /boot/" "loader.conf.local configures the boot loader and the kernel to " @@ -69955,13 +70495,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48564 +#: book.translate.xml:48560 #, no-wrap msgid "console=\"comconsole\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48566 +#: book.translate.xml:48562 msgid "" "That line should be the first line of /boot/loader.conf " "so that boot messages are displayed on the serial console as early as " @@ -69969,7 +70509,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48571 +#: book.translate.xml:48567 msgid "" "If that line does not exist, or if it is set to console=\"vidconsole" "\", the boot loader and the kernel will use whichever console is " @@ -69979,7 +70519,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48577 +#: book.translate.xml:48573 msgid "" "At the moment, the boot loader has no option equivalent to . Replace " "115200 with the speed to use." @@ -70060,7 +70600,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48638 +#: book.translate.xml:48634 #, no-wrap msgid "" "boot_multicons=\"YES\"\n" @@ -70070,12 +70610,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48647 +#: book.translate.xml:48643 msgid "Entering the DDB Debugger from the Serial Line" msgstr "從序列線路 (Serial Line) 進入 DDB 除錯程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48649 +#: book.translate.xml:48645 msgid "" "To configure the ability to drop into the kernel debugger from the serial " "console, add the following options to a custom kernel configuration file and " @@ -70089,7 +70629,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48658 +#: book.translate.xml:48654 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER\n" @@ -70097,18 +70637,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:48683 +#: book.translate.xml:48679 msgid "PPP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#ppp-ppp -#: book.translate.xml:48688 book.translate.xml:48715 +#: book.translate.xml:48684 book.translate.xml:48711 msgid "PPP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48692 +#: book.translate.xml:48688 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports the Point-to-Point (PPP) protocol which " "can be used to establish a network or Internet connection using a dial-up " @@ -70120,13 +70660,13 @@ "為基礎的通訊服務。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48701 +#: book.translate.xml:48697 msgid "" "How to configure, use, and troubleshoot a PPP connection." msgstr "如何設定、使用 PPP 連線及排除問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48705 +#: book.translate.xml:48701 msgid "" "How to set up PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)." @@ -70135,7 +70675,7 @@ "acronym>)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48709 +#: book.translate.xml:48705 msgid "" "How to set up PPP over ATM " "(PPPoA)." @@ -70144,7 +70684,7 @@ "(PPPoA)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:48718 book.translate.xml:49979 +#: book.translate.xml:48714 book.translate.xml:49975 msgid "" "PPP over Ethernet" @@ -70151,12 +70691,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48727 book.translate.xml:61736 +#: book.translate.xml:48723 book.translate.xml:61735 msgid "Be familiar with basic network terminology." msgstr "熟悉基本網路術語。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48730 +#: book.translate.xml:48726 msgid "" "Understand the basics and purpose of a dial-up connection and PPP." @@ -70163,12 +70703,12 @@ msgstr "了解撥號連線及 PPP 的基礎及目的。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:48771 +#: book.translate.xml:48767 msgid "Configuring PPP" msgstr "設定 PPP" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48773 +#: book.translate.xml:48769 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides built-in support for managing dial-up PPP connections using pppPPP connection, the following items are " "needed:" @@ -70188,28 +70728,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48787 +#: book.translate.xml:48783 msgid "" "A dial-up account with an Internet Service Provider (ISP)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48792 +#: book.translate.xml:48788 msgid "A dial-up modem." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48796 +#: book.translate.xml:48792 msgid "The dial-up number for the ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48801 +#: book.translate.xml:48797 msgid "The login name and password assigned by the ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48806 +#: book.translate.xml:48802 msgid "" "The IP address of one or more DNS " "servers. Normally, the ISP provides these addresses. If " @@ -70218,7 +70758,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48814 +#: book.translate.xml:48810 msgid "" "If any of the required information is missing, contact the ISP." @@ -70225,7 +70765,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48817 +#: book.translate.xml:48813 msgid "" "The following information may be supplied by the ISP, but " "is not necessary:" @@ -70232,7 +70772,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48822 +#: book.translate.xml:48818 msgid "" "The IP address of the default gateway. If this " "information is unknown, the ISP will automatically " @@ -70242,7 +70782,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48831 +#: book.translate.xml:48827 msgid "" "The subnet mask. If the ISP has not provided one, " "255.255.255.255 will be used in " @@ -70252,12 +70792,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/indexterm #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#ppp-static-ip -#: book.translate.xml:48837 +#: book.translate.xml:48833 msgid "static IP address" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48841 +#: book.translate.xml:48837 msgid "" "If the ISP has assigned a static IP " "address and hostname, it should be input into the configuration file. " @@ -70266,7 +70806,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48849 +#: book.translate.xml:48845 msgid "" "The rest of this section demonstrates how to configure FreeBSD for common " "PPP connection scenarios. The required configuration file " @@ -70275,7 +70815,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48857 +#: book.translate.xml:48853 msgid "" "Throughout this section, many of the file examples display line numbers. " "These line numbers have been added to make it easier to follow the " @@ -70283,7 +70823,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48862 +#: book.translate.xml:48858 msgid "" "When editing a configuration file, proper indentation is important. Lines " "that end in a : start in the first column (beginning of " @@ -70292,12 +70832,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48869 book.translate.xml:51230 +#: book.translate.xml:48865 book.translate.xml:51226 msgid "Basic Configuration" msgstr "基礎設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:48871 +#: book.translate.xml:48867 msgid "" "PPP with static IP " "addresses" @@ -70304,7 +70844,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48877 +#: book.translate.xml:48873 msgid "" "In order to configure a PPP connection, first edit " "/etc/ppp/ppp.conf with the dial-in information for the " @@ -70312,7 +70852,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48882 +#: book.translate.xml:48878 #, no-wrap msgid "" "1 default:\n" @@ -70335,12 +70875,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48902 +#: book.translate.xml:48898 msgid "Line 1:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48905 +#: book.translate.xml:48901 msgid "" "Identifies the default entry. Commands in this entry " "(lines 2 through 9) are executed automatically when ppp " @@ -70348,12 +70888,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48913 +#: book.translate.xml:48909 msgid "Line 2:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48916 +#: book.translate.xml:48912 msgid "" "Enables verbose logging parameters for testing the connection. Once the " "configuration is working satisfactorily, this line should be reduced to:" @@ -70360,18 +70900,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48921 +#: book.translate.xml:48917 #, no-wrap msgid "set log phase tun" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48927 +#: book.translate.xml:48923 msgid "Line 3:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48930 +#: book.translate.xml:48926 msgid "" "Displays the version of ppp8 to the PPPCOM1 is /dev/cuau0 and COM2 " @@ -70392,12 +70932,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48949 +#: book.translate.xml:48945 msgid "Line 5:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48952 +#: book.translate.xml:48948 msgid "" "Sets the connection speed. If 115200 does not work on an " "older modem, try 38400 instead." @@ -70404,12 +70944,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48959 +#: book.translate.xml:48955 msgid "Lines 6 & 7:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48962 +#: book.translate.xml:48958 msgid "" "The dial string written as an expect-send syntax. Refer to " "chat8ppp.conf may do this if the last character " @@ -70425,22 +70965,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48975 +#: book.translate.xml:48971 msgid "Line 8:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48978 +#: book.translate.xml:48974 msgid "Sets the idle timeout for the link in seconds." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48984 +#: book.translate.xml:48980 msgid "Line 9:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48987 +#: book.translate.xml:48983 msgid "" "Instructs the peer to confirm the DNS settings. If the " "local network is running its own DNS server, this line " @@ -70449,12 +70989,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48997 +#: book.translate.xml:48993 msgid "Line 10:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:49000 +#: book.translate.xml:48996 msgid "" "A blank line for readability. Blank lines are ignored by " "ppp8provider. This could be " "changed to the name of the ISP so that \n" @@ -71617,7 +72157,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:49948 +#: book.translate.xml:49944 msgid "" "Where x.x.x.x and y.y.y.y should be replaced with the IP address of " @@ -71625,7 +72165,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:49953 +#: book.translate.xml:49949 msgid "" "To configure syslog3 to provide logging for " @@ -71634,7 +72174,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:49957 +#: book.translate.xml:49953 #, no-wrap msgid "" "!ppp\n" @@ -71642,12 +72182,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:49977 +#: book.translate.xml:49973 msgid "Using PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)" msgstr "在乙太網路使用 PPP (PPPoE)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:49984 +#: book.translate.xml:49980 msgid "" "This section describes how to set up PPP over Ethernet " "(PPPoE)." @@ -71654,12 +72194,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:49987 +#: book.translate.xml:49983 msgid "Here is an example of a working ppp.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:49990 +#: book.translate.xml:49986 #, no-wrap msgid "" "default:\n" @@ -71676,12 +72216,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50002 +#: book.translate.xml:49998 msgid "As root, run:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50005 +#: book.translate.xml:50001 #, no-wrap msgid "# ppp -ddial name_of_service_provider" msgstr "" @@ -71688,12 +72228,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/para #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:50007 book.translate.xml:63326 +#: book.translate.xml:50003 book.translate.xml:63325 msgid "Add the following to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50010 +#: book.translate.xml:50006 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ppp_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -71703,12 +72243,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:50016 +#: book.translate.xml:50012 msgid "Using a PPPoE Service Tag" msgstr "使用 PPPoE 服務標籤" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50018 +#: book.translate.xml:50014 msgid "" "Sometimes it will be necessary to use a service tag to establish the " "connection. Service tags are used to distinguish between different PPPoE " @@ -71716,7 +72256,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50023 +#: book.translate.xml:50019 msgid "" "Any required service tag information should be in the documentation provided " "by the ISP." @@ -71723,7 +72263,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50026 +#: book.translate.xml:50022 msgid "" "As a last resort, one could try installing the net/rr-pppoe package or port. Bear in mind however, this may de-program your " @@ -71734,7 +72274,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50035 +#: book.translate.xml:50031 msgid "" "The profile name (service tag) will be used in the PPPoE configuration entry " "in ppp.conf as the provider part for set " @@ -71744,13 +72284,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50041 +#: book.translate.xml:50037 #, no-wrap msgid "set device PPPoE:xl1:ISP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50043 +#: book.translate.xml:50039 msgid "" "Do not forget to change xl1 to the proper device " "for the Ethernet card." @@ -71757,12 +72297,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50046 +#: book.translate.xml:50042 msgid "Do not forget to change ISP to the profile." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50049 +#: book.translate.xml:50045 msgid "" "For additional information, refer to Cheaper Broadband with FreeBSD on DSL3Com HomeConnect ADSL Modem Dual Link" @@ -71779,7 +72319,7 @@ "\"registered\">HomeConnect ADSL Modem Dual Link 使用 PPPoE" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50059 +#: book.translate.xml:50055 msgid "" "This modem does not follow the PPPoE specification defined in RFC 2516." @@ -71786,7 +72326,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50063 +#: book.translate.xml:50059 msgid "" "In order to make FreeBSD capable of communicating with this device, a sysctl " "must be set. This can be done automatically at boot time by updating " @@ -71794,24 +72334,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50068 +#: book.translate.xml:50064 #, no-wrap msgid "net.graph.nonstandard_pppoe=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50070 +#: book.translate.xml:50066 msgid "or can be done immediately with the command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50072 +#: book.translate.xml:50068 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl net.graph.nonstandard_pppoe=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50074 +#: book.translate.xml:50070 msgid "" "Unfortunately, because this is a system-wide setting, it is not possible to " "talk to a normal PPPoE client or server and a PPP over ATM (PPPoA)" msgstr "在 ATM 使用 PPP (PPPoA)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50085 +#: book.translate.xml:50081 msgid "" "PPP over ATM" @@ -71833,12 +72373,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50090 +#: book.translate.xml:50086 msgid "PPPoA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50094 +#: book.translate.xml:50090 msgid "" "The following describes how to set up PPP over ATM " "(PPPoA). PPPoA is a popular choice among European DSL providers." @@ -71845,12 +72385,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:50151 +#: book.translate.xml:50147 msgid "Using mpd" msgstr "使用 mpd" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50153 +#: book.translate.xml:50149 msgid "" "The mpd application can be used to connect to a " "variety of services, in particular PPTP services. It can be installed using " @@ -71859,7 +72399,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50160 +#: book.translate.xml:50156 msgid "" "Once installed, configure mpd to suit the " "provider's settings. The port places a set of sample configuration files " @@ -71872,7 +72412,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:50172 +#: book.translate.xml:50168 msgid "" "This example mpd.conf only works with mpd 4.x." @@ -71879,7 +72419,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50176 +#: book.translate.xml:50172 #, no-wrap msgid "" "default:\n" @@ -71908,17 +72448,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:50202 +#: book.translate.xml:50198 msgid "The username used to authenticate with your ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:50206 +#: book.translate.xml:50202 msgid "The password used to authenticate with your ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50211 +#: book.translate.xml:50207 msgid "" "Information about the link, or links, to establish is found in mpd." "links. An example mpd.links to accompany the " @@ -71926,7 +72466,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50216 +#: book.translate.xml:50212 #, no-wrap msgid "" "adsl:\n" @@ -71938,7 +72478,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:50225 +#: book.translate.xml:50221 msgid "" "The IP address of FreeBSD computer running " "mpd." @@ -71945,7 +72485,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:50229 +#: book.translate.xml:50225 msgid "" "The IP address of the ADSL modem. The Alcatel " "SpeedTouch Home defaults to root:" @@ -71960,18 +72500,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50238 +#: book.translate.xml:50234 #, no-wrap msgid "# mpd -b adsl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50240 +#: book.translate.xml:50236 msgid "To view the status of the connection:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50242 +#: book.translate.xml:50238 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ifconfig ng0\n" @@ -71980,7 +72520,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50246 +#: book.translate.xml:50242 msgid "" "Using mpd is the recommended way to connect to an " "ADSL service with FreeBSD." @@ -71987,12 +72527,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:50251 +#: book.translate.xml:50247 msgid "Using pptpclient" msgstr "使用 pptpclient" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50253 +#: book.translate.xml:50249 msgid "" "It is also possible to use FreeBSD to connect to other PPPoA services using " "net/pptpclient." @@ -71999,7 +72539,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50256 +#: book.translate.xml:50252 msgid "" "To use net/pptpclient to connect to a DSL service, " "install the port or package, then edit /etc/ppp/ppp.confppp.confin " "plain text form, make sure nobody can read the contents of this file:" @@ -72041,7 +72581,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50287 +#: book.translate.xml:50283 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chown root:wheel /etc/ppp/ppp.conf\n" @@ -72049,7 +72589,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50292 +#: book.translate.xml:50288 msgid "" "This will open a tunnel for a PPP session to the DSL " "router. Ethernet DSL modems have a preconfigured LAN IP " @@ -72060,13 +72600,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50301 +#: book.translate.xml:50297 #, no-wrap msgid "# pptp address adsl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:50304 +#: book.translate.xml:50300 msgid "" "If an ampersand (&) is added to the end of this command, " "pptp will return the prompt." @@ -72073,7 +72613,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50310 +#: book.translate.xml:50306 msgid "" "A tun virtual tunnel device will be created for " "interaction between the pptp and " @@ -72083,7 +72623,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50318 +#: book.translate.xml:50314 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ifconfig tun0\n" @@ -72093,7 +72633,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50323 +#: book.translate.xml:50319 msgid "" "If the connection fails, check the configuration of the router, which is " "usually accessible using a web browser. Also, examine the output of " @@ -72102,7 +72642,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:50344 +#: book.translate.xml:50340 msgid "" "BillLloydOriginal work by " @@ -72109,7 +72649,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:50348 +#: book.translate.xml:50344 msgid "" "JimMockRewritten by " @@ -72116,7 +72656,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50358 +#: book.translate.xml:50354 msgid "" "Electronic Mail, better known as email, is one of the most " "widely used forms of communication today. This chapter provides a basic " @@ -72129,7 +72669,7 @@ "細節請參閱 內的參考書籍。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50369 +#: book.translate.xml:50365 msgid "" "Which software components are involved in sending and receiving electronic " "mail." @@ -72136,7 +72676,7 @@ msgstr "哪些軟體元件與收發電子郵件有關。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50374 +#: book.translate.xml:50370 msgid "" "Where basic Sendmail configuration files are " "located in FreeBSD." @@ -72143,17 +72683,17 @@ msgstr "FreeBSD 內的 Sendmail 設定檔在哪。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50379 +#: book.translate.xml:50375 msgid "The difference between remote and local mailboxes." msgstr "遠端信箱 (Mailbox) 與本機信箱的差異。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50384 +#: book.translate.xml:50380 msgid "How to block spammers from illegally using a mail server as a relay." msgstr "如何阻擋垃圾郵件寄件者 (Spammer) 非法使用郵件伺服器作為中繼站。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50389 +#: book.translate.xml:50385 msgid "" "How to install and configure an alternate Mail Transfer Agent, replacing " "Sendmail." @@ -72162,27 +72702,27 @@ "Sendmail。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50395 +#: book.translate.xml:50391 msgid "How to troubleshoot common mail server problems." msgstr "如何排除常見的郵件伺服器問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50399 +#: book.translate.xml:50395 msgid "How to set up the system to send mail only." msgstr "如何設定系統只能寄送郵件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50403 +#: book.translate.xml:50399 msgid "How to use mail with a dialup connection." msgstr "如何在撥號連線上使用郵件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50407 +#: book.translate.xml:50403 msgid "How to configure SMTP authentication for added security." msgstr "如何設定 SMTP 認証來增加安全性。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50412 +#: book.translate.xml:50408 msgid "" "How to install and use a Mail User Agent, such as mutt, to send and receive email." @@ -72191,7 +72731,7 @@ "application> 來寄發與接收電子郵件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50418 +#: book.translate.xml:50414 msgid "" "How to download mail from a remote POP or IMAP server." @@ -72200,12 +72740,12 @@ "件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50424 +#: book.translate.xml:50420 msgid "How to automatically apply filters and rules to incoming email." msgstr "如何自動套用過濾器及規則在收到的電子郵件上。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50433 +#: book.translate.xml:50429 msgid "" "Properly set up a network connection ()." @@ -72212,7 +72752,7 @@ msgstr "正確的設定網路連線 ()。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50437 +#: book.translate.xml:50433 msgid "" "Properly set up the DNS information for a mail host " "()." @@ -72221,22 +72761,22 @@ "servers\"/>)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:50449 +#: book.translate.xml:50445 msgid "Mail Components" msgstr "郵件組成" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50451 +#: book.translate.xml:50447 msgid "POP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50452 +#: book.translate.xml:50448 msgid "IMAP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50454 +#: book.translate.xml:50450 msgid "" "mail server daemons Sendmail" @@ -72243,7 +72783,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50458 +#: book.translate.xml:50454 msgid "" "mail server daemons Postfix" @@ -72250,7 +72790,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50462 +#: book.translate.xml:50458 msgid "" "mail server daemons qmail" @@ -72257,7 +72797,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50466 +#: book.translate.xml:50462 msgid "" "mail server daemons Exim" @@ -72264,7 +72804,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50470 +#: book.translate.xml:50466 msgid "email receiving" msgstr "" @@ -72271,18 +72811,18 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50474 book.translate.xml:51146 book.translate.xml:51265 -#: book.translate.xml:56098 +#: book.translate.xml:50470 book.translate.xml:51142 book.translate.xml:51261 +#: book.translate.xml:56094 msgid "MX record" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50475 +#: book.translate.xml:50471 msgid "mail host" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50477 +#: book.translate.xml:50473 msgid "" "There are five major parts involved in an email exchange: the Mail User " "Agent (MUA), the Mail Transfer Agent (MTAMUA)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50487 +#: book.translate.xml:50483 msgid "" "The Mail User Agent (MUA) is an application which is used " "to compose, send, and receive emails. This application can be a command line " @@ -72313,12 +72853,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50507 +#: book.translate.xml:50503 msgid "Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50509 +#: book.translate.xml:50505 msgid "" "The Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) is responsible for " "receiving incoming mail and delivering outgoing mail. FreeBSD ships with " @@ -72333,12 +72873,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50529 +#: book.translate.xml:50525 msgid "Mail Host and Mailboxes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50531 +#: book.translate.xml:50527 msgid "" "The mail host is a server that is responsible for delivering and receiving " "mail for a host or a network. The mail host collects all mail sent to the " @@ -72352,7 +72892,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50544 +#: book.translate.xml:50540 msgid "" "To access mailboxes remotely, a POP or IMAP server is required as these protocols allow users to connect to " @@ -72366,7 +72906,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50557 +#: book.translate.xml:50553 msgid "" "Several POP and IMAP servers are " "available in the Ports Collection. These include mail/qpopperPOP and IMAP transmit information, including username and password credentials, " @@ -72388,12 +72928,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:50578 book.translate.xml:55182 +#: book.translate.xml:50574 book.translate.xml:55178 msgid "Domain Name System (DNS)" msgstr "網域名稱系統 (DNS)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50580 +#: book.translate.xml:50576 msgid "" "The Domain Name System (DNS) and its daemon " "named play a large role in the delivery of email. In " @@ -72404,7 +72944,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50589 +#: book.translate.xml:50585 msgid "" "In addition to mapping hostnames to IP addresses, " "DNS is responsible for storing information specific to " @@ -72414,7 +72954,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50597 +#: book.translate.xml:50593 msgid "" "To view the MX records for a domain, specify the type of " "record. Refer to host% host -t mx FreeBSD.org\n" @@ -72431,7 +72971,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50604 +#: book.translate.xml:50600 msgid "" "Refer to for more information about " "DNS and its configuration." @@ -72438,12 +72978,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:50614 +#: book.translate.xml:50610 msgid "Sendmail Configuration Files" msgstr "Sendmail 設定檔" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:50618 +#: book.translate.xml:50614 msgid "" " Christopher Shumway Contributed by " @@ -72450,12 +72990,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50628 +#: book.translate.xml:50624 msgid "Sendmail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50632 +#: book.translate.xml:50628 msgid "" "Sendmail is the default MTA " "installed with FreeBSD. It accepts mail from MUAs and " @@ -72465,7 +73005,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50640 +#: book.translate.xml:50636 msgid "" "The configuration files for Sendmail are located " "in /etc/mail. This section describes these files in " @@ -72473,47 +73013,47 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50645 +#: book.translate.xml:50641 msgid "/etc/mail/access" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50648 +#: book.translate.xml:50644 msgid "/etc/mail/aliases" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50651 +#: book.translate.xml:50647 msgid "/etc/mail/local-host-names" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50654 +#: book.translate.xml:50650 msgid "/etc/mail/mailer.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50657 +#: book.translate.xml:50653 msgid "/etc/mail/mailertable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50660 +#: book.translate.xml:50656 msgid "/etc/mail/sendmail.cf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50663 +#: book.translate.xml:50659 msgid "/etc/mail/virtusertable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50669 +#: book.translate.xml:50665 msgid "/etc/mail/access" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50671 +#: book.translate.xml:50667 msgid "" "This access database file defines which hosts or IP " "addresses have access to the local mail server and what kind of access they " @@ -72531,7 +73071,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50689 +#: book.translate.xml:50685 msgid "" "Examples of using these options for both IPv4 and " "IPv6 addresses can be found in the FreeBSD sample " @@ -72539,7 +73079,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50694 +#: book.translate.xml:50690 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# $FreeBSD$\n" @@ -72561,7 +73101,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50711 +#: book.translate.xml:50707 msgid "" "To configure the access database, use the format shown in the sample to make " "entries in /etc/mail/access, but do not put a comment " @@ -72572,7 +73112,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50720 +#: book.translate.xml:50716 msgid "" "Whenever this file is updated, update its database and restart " "Sendmail:" @@ -72579,7 +73119,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50723 +#: book.translate.xml:50719 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# makemap hash /etc/mail/access < /etc/mail/access\n" @@ -72587,12 +73127,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50729 +#: book.translate.xml:50725 msgid "/etc/mail/aliases" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50731 +#: book.translate.xml:50727 msgid "" "This database file contains a list of virtual mailboxes that are expanded to " "users, files, programs, or other aliases. Here are a few entries to " @@ -72600,7 +73140,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50736 +#: book.translate.xml:50732 #, no-wrap msgid "" "root: localuser\n" @@ -72610,7 +73150,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50741 +#: book.translate.xml:50737 msgid "" "The mailbox name on the left side of the colon is expanded to the target(s) " "on the right. The first entry expands the newaliases to update " "and initialize the aliases database." @@ -72639,12 +73179,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50793 +#: book.translate.xml:50789 msgid "/etc/mail/sendmail.cf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50795 +#: book.translate.xml:50791 msgid "" "This is the master configuration file for Sendmail. It controls the overall behavior of SendmailSendmail configuration file can be " "built from m41Sendmail " "needs to be restarted for the changes to take effect." @@ -72672,12 +73212,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50818 +#: book.translate.xml:50814 msgid "/etc/mail/virtusertable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50820 +#: book.translate.xml:50816 msgid "" "This database file maps mail addresses for virtual domains and users to real " "mailboxes. These mailboxes can be local, remote, aliases defined in " @@ -72686,7 +73226,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50827 +#: book.translate.xml:50823 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides a sample configuration file in /etc/mail/" "virtusertable.sample to further demonstrate its format. The " @@ -72695,7 +73235,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50833 +#: book.translate.xml:50829 #, no-wrap msgid "" "root@example.com root\n" @@ -72704,7 +73244,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50837 +#: book.translate.xml:50833 msgid "" "This file is processed in a first match order. When an email address matches " "the address on the left, it is mapped to the local mailbox listed on the " @@ -72720,7 +73260,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50852 +#: book.translate.xml:50848 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# makemap hash /etc/mail/virtusertable < /etc/mail/virtusertable\n" @@ -72728,12 +73268,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50858 +#: book.translate.xml:50854 msgid "/etc/mail/relay-domains" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50860 +#: book.translate.xml:50856 msgid "" "In a default FreeBSD installation, Sendmail is " "configured to only send mail from the host it is running on. For example, if " @@ -72745,7 +73285,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50871 +#: book.translate.xml:50867 msgid "" "The most straightforward solution is to add the ISP's " "FQDN to /etc/mail/relay-domains. If " @@ -72753,7 +73293,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50877 +#: book.translate.xml:50873 #, no-wrap msgid "" "your.isp.example.com\n" @@ -72763,7 +73303,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50882 +#: book.translate.xml:50878 msgid "" "After creating or editing this file, restart Sendmail with service sendmail restart." @@ -72770,7 +73310,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50886 +#: book.translate.xml:50882 msgid "" "Now any mail sent through the system by any host in this list, provided the " "user has an account on the system, will succeed. This allows users to send " @@ -72779,12 +73319,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:50898 +#: book.translate.xml:50894 msgid "Changing the Mail Transfer Agent" msgstr "更改郵件傳輸代理程式" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:50901 +#: book.translate.xml:50897 msgid "" " Andrew Boothman Written by " @@ -72791,7 +73331,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:50911 +#: book.translate.xml:50907 msgid "" " Gregory Neil Shapiro " " Information taken from emails written by " @@ -72798,12 +73338,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50921 +#: book.translate.xml:50917 msgid "email change mta" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50926 +#: book.translate.xml:50922 msgid "" "FreeBSD comes with Sendmail already installed as " "the MTA which is in charge of outgoing and incoming mail. " @@ -72813,7 +73353,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50934 +#: book.translate.xml:50930 msgid "" "Once a new MTA is installed, configure and test the new " "software before replacing Sendmail. Refer to the " @@ -72822,7 +73362,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50940 +#: book.translate.xml:50936 msgid "" "Once the new MTA is working, use the instructions in this " "section to disable Sendmail and configure FreeBSD " @@ -72830,12 +73370,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:50946 +#: book.translate.xml:50942 msgid "Disable Sendmail" msgstr "關閉 Sendmail" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:50949 +#: book.translate.xml:50945 msgid "" "If Sendmail's outgoing mail service is disabled, " "it is important that it is replaced with an alternative mail delivery " @@ -72849,7 +73389,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50961 +#: book.translate.xml:50957 msgid "" "In order to completely disable Sendmail, add or " "edit the following lines in /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -72856,7 +73396,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50965 +#: book.translate.xml:50961 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sendmail_enable=\"NO\"\n" @@ -72866,7 +73406,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50970 +#: book.translate.xml:50966 msgid "" "To only disable Sendmail's incoming mail service, " "use only this entry in /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -72873,13 +73413,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50974 +#: book.translate.xml:50970 #, no-wrap msgid "sendmail_enable=\"NO\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50976 +#: book.translate.xml:50972 msgid "" "More information on Sendmail's startup options is " "available in rc.sendmailMTA" msgstr "替換預設的 MTA" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50983 +#: book.translate.xml:50979 msgid "" "When a new MTA is installed using the Ports Collection, " "its startup script is also installed and startup instructions are mentioned " @@ -72903,7 +73443,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50991 +#: book.translate.xml:50987 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service sendmail stop\n" @@ -72911,7 +73451,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50994 +#: book.translate.xml:50990 msgid "" "To start the replacement MTA at system boot, add its " "configuration line to /etc/rc.conf. This entry enables " @@ -72919,13 +73459,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50999 +#: book.translate.xml:50995 #, no-wrap msgid "postfix_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51001 +#: book.translate.xml:50997 msgid "" "Some extra configuration is needed as Sendmail is " "so ubiquitous that some software assumes it is already installed and " @@ -72935,7 +73475,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51008 +#: book.translate.xml:51004 #, no-wrap msgid "" "daily_clean_hoststat_enable=\"NO\"\n" @@ -72945,7 +73485,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51013 +#: book.translate.xml:51009 msgid "" "Some alternative MTAs provide their own compatible " "implementations of the Sendmail command-line " @@ -72961,12 +73501,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51026 +#: book.translate.xml:51022 msgid "The default /etc/mail/mailer.conf looks like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51029 +#: book.translate.xml:51025 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# $FreeBSD$\n" @@ -72982,7 +73522,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51040 +#: book.translate.xml:51036 msgid "" "When any of the commands listed on the left are run, the system actually " "executes the associated command shown on the right. This system makes it " @@ -72991,7 +73531,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51045 +#: book.translate.xml:51041 msgid "" "Some MTAs, when installed using the Ports Collection, " "will prompt to update this file for the new binaries. For example, " @@ -72999,7 +73539,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51050 +#: book.translate.xml:51046 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#\n" @@ -73012,7 +73552,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51058 +#: book.translate.xml:51054 msgid "" "If the installation of the MTA does not automatically " "update /etc/mail/mailer.conf, edit this file in a text " @@ -73021,7 +73561,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51065 +#: book.translate.xml:51061 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sendmail /usr/local/sbin/ssmtp\n" @@ -73033,7 +73573,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51072 +#: book.translate.xml:51068 msgid "" "Once everything is configured, it is recommended to reboot the system. " "Rebooting provides the opportunity to ensure that the system is correctly " @@ -73041,17 +73581,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:51082 +#: book.translate.xml:51078 msgid "email troubleshooting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:51090 +#: book.translate.xml:51086 msgid "Why do I have to use the FQDN for hosts on my site?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51095 +#: book.translate.xml:51091 msgid "" "The host may actually be in a different domain. For example, in order for a " "host in foo.bar.edu to reach " @@ -73064,12 +73604,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:51104 book.translate.xml:55196 +#: book.translate.xml:51100 book.translate.xml:55192 msgid "BIND" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51103 +#: book.translate.xml:51099 msgid "" "This is because the version of BIND<_:indexterm-1/" "> which ships with FreeBSD no longer provides default abbreviations for non-" @@ -73080,7 +73620,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51112 +#: book.translate.xml:51108 msgid "" "In older versions of BIND, the search continued " "across mumble.bar.edu, and " @@ -73089,29 +73629,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51118 +#: book.translate.xml:51114 msgid "As a good workaround, place the line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51120 +#: book.translate.xml:51116 #, no-wrap msgid "search foo.bar.edu bar.edu" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51122 +#: book.translate.xml:51118 msgid "instead of the previous:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51124 +#: book.translate.xml:51120 #, no-wrap msgid "domain foo.bar.edu" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51126 +#: book.translate.xml:51122 msgid "" "into /etc/resolv.conf. However, make sure that the " "search order does not go beyond the boundary between local and public " @@ -73119,12 +73659,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:51135 +#: book.translate.xml:51131 msgid "How can I run a mail server on a dial-up PPP host?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51140 +#: book.translate.xml:51136 msgid "" "Connect to a FreeBSD mail gateway on the LAN. The PPP connection is non-" "dedicated." @@ -73131,7 +73671,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51143 +#: book.translate.xml:51139 msgid "" "One way to do this is to get a full-time Internet server to provide " "secondary MX <_:indexterm-1/> services for the domain. In " @@ -73142,7 +73682,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51154 +#: book.translate.xml:51150 #, no-wrap msgid "" "example.com. MX 10 example.com.\n" @@ -73150,7 +73690,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51157 +#: book.translate.xml:51153 msgid "" "Only one host should be specified as the final recipient. For " "Sendmail, add Cw example.com " @@ -73159,7 +73699,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51162 +#: book.translate.xml:51158 msgid "" "When the sending MTA attempts to deliver mail, it will " "try to connect to the system, example." @@ -73173,12 +73713,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51174 +#: book.translate.xml:51170 msgid "Use something like this as a login script:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51176 +#: book.translate.xml:51172 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -73188,7 +73728,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51181 +#: book.translate.xml:51177 msgid "" "When creating a separate login script for users, instead use " "sendmail -qRexample.com in the script above. This will " @@ -73197,7 +73737,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51188 +#: book.translate.xml:51184 msgid "" "A further refinement of the situation can be seen from this example from the " "email configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51237 +#: book.translate.xml:51233 msgid "" "Out of the box, one can send email to external hosts as long as /" "etc/resolv.conf is configured or the network has access to a " @@ -73259,18 +73799,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51245 +#: book.translate.xml:51241 msgid "Run a DNS server for the domain." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51250 +#: book.translate.xml:51246 msgid "" "Get mail delivered directly to the FQDN for the machine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51256 +#: book.translate.xml:51252 msgid "" "In order to have mail delivered directly to a host, it must have a permanent " "static IP address, not a dynamic IP address. If the system is behind a " @@ -73279,7 +73819,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51264 +#: book.translate.xml:51260 msgid "" "Make sure that the lowest-numbered MX<_:indexterm-1/> " "record in DNS points to the host's static IP address." @@ -73286,7 +73826,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51272 +#: book.translate.xml:51268 msgid "" "Make sure there is no MX entry in the DNS for the host." @@ -73293,18 +73833,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51277 +#: book.translate.xml:51273 msgid "" "Either of the above will allow mail to be received directly at the host." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51280 +#: book.translate.xml:51276 msgid "Try this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51282 +#: book.translate.xml:51278 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# hostname\n" @@ -73314,7 +73854,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51287 +#: book.translate.xml:51283 msgid "" "In this example, mail sent directly to yourlogin@example.FreeBSD.org should work without problems, " @@ -73323,12 +73863,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51293 +#: book.translate.xml:51289 msgid "For this example:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51295 +#: book.translate.xml:51291 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# host example.FreeBSD.org\n" @@ -73337,7 +73877,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51299 +#: book.translate.xml:51295 msgid "" "All mail sent to example.FreeBSD.org will be collected on hub under the same " @@ -73345,7 +73885,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51303 +#: book.translate.xml:51299 msgid "" "The above information is handled by the DNS server. The " "DNS record that carries mail routing information is the " @@ -73354,7 +73894,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51310 +#: book.translate.xml:51306 msgid "" "The MX entry for freefall.FreeBSD.org at one time looked like this:" @@ -73361,7 +73901,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51313 +#: book.translate.xml:51309 #, no-wrap msgid "" "freefall\t\tMX\t30\tmail.crl.net\n" @@ -73371,7 +73911,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51318 +#: book.translate.xml:51314 msgid "" "freefall had many MX entries. " "The lowest MX number is the host that receives mail " @@ -73381,7 +73921,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51326 +#: book.translate.xml:51322 msgid "" "Alternate MX sites should have separate Internet " "connections in order to be most useful. Your ISP can " @@ -73389,12 +73929,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:51332 +#: book.translate.xml:51328 msgid "Mail for a Domain" msgstr "網域中的郵件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51334 +#: book.translate.xml:51330 msgid "" "When configuring a MTA for a network, any mail sent to " "hosts in its domain should be diverted to the MTA so that " @@ -73402,7 +73942,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51340 +#: book.translate.xml:51336 msgid "" "To make life easiest, a user account with the same username should exist on both the MTA and the system " @@ -73412,7 +73952,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51346 +#: book.translate.xml:51342 msgid "" "The MTA must be the designated mail exchanger for each " "workstation on the network. This is done in theDNS " @@ -73420,7 +73960,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51351 +#: book.translate.xml:51347 #, no-wrap msgid "" "example.FreeBSD.org\tA\t204.216.27.XX\t\t; Workstation\n" @@ -73428,7 +73968,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51354 +#: book.translate.xml:51350 msgid "" "This will redirect mail for the workstation to the MTA no " "matter where the A record points. The mail is sent to the MXDNS server. If the network " "does not run its own DNS server, talk to the " @@ -73444,7 +73984,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51364 +#: book.translate.xml:51360 msgid "" "The following is an example of virtual email hosting. Consider a customer " "with the domain customer1.orgA> record is not needed for " "customer1.org in order to " @@ -73471,7 +74011,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51379 +#: book.translate.xml:51375 msgid "" "Tell the MTA which domains and/or hostnames it should " "accept mail for. Either of the following will work for " @@ -73479,7 +74019,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51385 +#: book.translate.xml:51381 msgid "" "Add the hosts to /etc/mail/local-host-names when using " "the FEATURE(use_cw_file)." @@ -73486,7 +74026,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51391 +#: book.translate.xml:51387 msgid "" "Add a Cwyour.host.com line to /etc/sendmail.cf." @@ -73493,12 +74033,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:51400 +#: book.translate.xml:51396 msgid "Setting Up to Send Only" msgstr "寄件設定" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:51403 +#: book.translate.xml:51399 msgid "" " Bill Moran Contributed by " @@ -73505,7 +74045,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51413 +#: book.translate.xml:51409 msgid "" "There are many instances where one may only want to send mail through a " "relay. Some examples are:" @@ -73512,7 +74052,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51418 +#: book.translate.xml:51414 msgid "" "The computer is a desktop machine that needs to use programs such as " "send-pr1MTA is capable of filling this particular " "niche, it can be difficult to properly configure a full-featured " @@ -73537,7 +74077,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51437 +#: book.translate.xml:51433 msgid "" "Additionally, a typical Internet access service agreement may forbid one " "from running a mail server." @@ -73544,7 +74084,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51440 +#: book.translate.xml:51436 msgid "" "The easiest way to fulfill those needs is to install the mail/" "ssmtp port:" @@ -73551,7 +74091,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51443 +#: book.translate.xml:51439 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/mail/ssmtp\n" @@ -73559,7 +74099,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51446 +#: book.translate.xml:51442 msgid "" "Once installed, mail/ssmtp can be configured with " "/usr/local/etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf:" @@ -73566,7 +74106,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51450 +#: book.translate.xml:51446 #, no-wrap msgid "" "root=yourrealemail@example.com\n" @@ -73576,7 +74116,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51455 +#: book.translate.xml:51451 msgid "" "Use the real email address for root. Enter the ISP's outgoing mail relay in place " @@ -73586,7 +74126,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51461 +#: book.translate.xml:51457 msgid "" "Make sure to disable Sendmail, including the " "outgoing mail service. See for " @@ -73594,7 +74134,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51464 +#: book.translate.xml:51460 msgid "" "mail/ssmtp has some other options available. Refer to the " "examples in /usr/local/etc/ssmtp or the manual page of " @@ -73602,7 +74142,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51469 +#: book.translate.xml:51465 msgid "" "Setting up ssmtp in this manner allows any " "software on the computer that needs to send mail to function properly, while " @@ -73611,12 +74151,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:51477 +#: book.translate.xml:51473 msgid "Using Mail with a Dialup Connection" msgstr "在撥號連線使用郵件" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51479 +#: book.translate.xml:51475 msgid "" "When using a static IP address, one should not need to adjust the default " "configuration. Set the hostname to the assigned Internet name and " @@ -73624,7 +74164,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51484 +#: book.translate.xml:51480 msgid "" "When using a dynamically assigned IP address and a dialup PPP connection to " "the Internet, one usually has a mailbox on the ISP's mail " @@ -73637,7 +74177,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51493 +#: book.translate.xml:51489 msgid "" "In order to retrieve mail from the ISP's mailbox, install " "a retrieval agent from the Ports Collection. mail/fetchmailSendmail to deliver mail to non-local " "accounts, configure Sendmail to process the mail " @@ -73667,13 +74207,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51513 +#: book.translate.xml:51509 #, no-wrap msgid " !bg su user -c \"sendmail -q\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51515 +#: book.translate.xml:51511 msgid "" "In this example, there is an account for user on bsd.homeuser as it contains the password " @@ -73697,7 +74237,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51528 +#: book.translate.xml:51524 msgid "" "In order to send mail with the correct from: header, " "configure Sendmail to use user@example." @@ -73707,12 +74247,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51535 +#: book.translate.xml:51531 msgid "The following .mc should suffice:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51538 +#: book.translate.xml:51534 #, no-wrap msgid "" "VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0')\n" @@ -73734,7 +74274,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51555 +#: book.translate.xml:51551 msgid "" "Refer to the previous section for details of how to convert this file into " "the sendmail.cf format. Do not forget to restart " @@ -73743,12 +74283,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:51563 +#: book.translate.xml:51559 msgid "SMTP Authentication" msgstr "SMTP 認證" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:51566 +#: book.translate.xml:51562 msgid "" " James Gorham Written by " @@ -73755,7 +74295,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51576 +#: book.translate.xml:51572 msgid "" "Configuring SMTP authentication on the MTA provides a number of benefits. SMTP " @@ -73766,7 +74306,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51586 +#: book.translate.xml:51582 msgid "" "Install security/cyrus-sasl2 from the Ports Collection. " "This port supports a number of compile-time options. For the SMTP " @@ -73775,7 +74315,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51595 +#: book.translate.xml:51591 msgid "" "After installing security/cyrus-sasl2, edit /" "usr/local/lib/sasl2/Sendmail.conf, or create it if it does not " @@ -73783,13 +74323,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51601 +#: book.translate.xml:51597 #, no-wrap msgid "pwcheck_method: saslauthd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51605 +#: book.translate.xml:51601 msgid "" "Next, install security/cyrus-sasl2-saslauthd and add the " "following line to /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -73796,24 +74336,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51610 +#: book.translate.xml:51606 #, no-wrap msgid "saslauthd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51612 +#: book.translate.xml:51608 msgid "Finally, start the saslauthd daemon:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51614 +#: book.translate.xml:51610 #, no-wrap msgid "# service saslauthd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51616 +#: book.translate.xml:51612 msgid "" "This daemon serves as a broker for Sendmail to " "authenticate against the FreeBSD passwd/etc/make.conf and add the following lines:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51628 +#: book.translate.xml:51624 #, no-wrap msgid "" "SENDMAIL_CFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include/sasl -DSASL\n" @@ -73839,7 +74379,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51632 +#: book.translate.xml:51628 msgid "" "These lines provide Sendmail the proper " "configuration options for linking to cyrus-sasl2 at " @@ -73848,7 +74388,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51641 +#: book.translate.xml:51637 msgid "" "Recompile Sendmail by executing the following " "commands:" @@ -73855,7 +74395,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51644 +#: book.translate.xml:51640 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src/lib/libsmutil\n" @@ -73867,7 +74407,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51651 +#: book.translate.xml:51647 msgid "" "This compile should not have any problems if /usr/src " "has not changed extensively and the shared libraries it needs are available." @@ -73874,7 +74414,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51657 +#: book.translate.xml:51653 msgid "" "After Sendmail has been compiled and reinstalled, " "edit /etc/mail/freebsd.mc or the local .mcSendmail for authenticating users. To use a " @@ -73903,7 +74443,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51677 +#: book.translate.xml:51673 msgid "" "Finally, run make1 while in /etc/mail. That will " @@ -73916,7 +74456,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51691 +#: book.translate.xml:51687 msgid "" "To test the configuration, use a MUA to send a test " "message. For further investigation, set the of " @@ -73925,7 +74465,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51697 +#: book.translate.xml:51693 msgid "" "For more information, refer to SMTP authentication." @@ -73932,12 +74472,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:51703 +#: book.translate.xml:51699 msgid "Mail User Agents" msgstr "郵件使用者代理程式" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:51706 book.translate.xml:52063 book.translate.xml:52163 +#: book.translate.xml:51702 book.translate.xml:52059 book.translate.xml:52159 msgid "" " Marc Silver Contributed by " @@ -73944,12 +74484,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:51716 +#: book.translate.xml:51712 msgid "Mail User Agents" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51720 +#: book.translate.xml:51716 msgid "" "A MUA is an application that is used to send and receive " "email. As email evolves and becomes more complex, " @@ -73963,12 +74503,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:51733 +#: book.translate.xml:51729 msgid "mail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51735 +#: book.translate.xml:51731 msgid "" "mail1 is the default MUA installed with FreeBSD. " @@ -73978,7 +74518,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51742 +#: book.translate.xml:51738 msgid "" "Although mail does not natively support interaction with " "POP or IMAP servers, these mailboxes " @@ -73987,18 +74527,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51749 +#: book.translate.xml:51745 msgid "In order to send and receive email, run mail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51752 +#: book.translate.xml:51748 #, no-wrap msgid "% mail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51754 +#: book.translate.xml:51750 msgid "" "The contents of the user's mailbox in /var/mail are " "automatically read by mail. Should the mailbox be empty, " @@ -74009,7 +74549,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51763 +#: book.translate.xml:51759 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Mail version 8.1 6/6/93. Type ? for help.\n" @@ -74020,7 +74560,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51769 +#: book.translate.xml:51765 msgid "" "Messages can now be read by typing t followed by the " "message number. This example reads the first email:" @@ -74027,7 +74567,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51773 +#: book.translate.xml:51769 #, no-wrap msgid "" "& t 1\n" @@ -74044,7 +74584,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51785 +#: book.translate.xml:51781 msgid "" "As seen in this example, the message will be displayed with full headers. To " "display the list of messages again, press h." @@ -74051,7 +74591,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51789 +#: book.translate.xml:51785 msgid "" "If the email requires a reply, press either R or r mail keys. R instructs " @@ -74063,7 +74603,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51800 +#: book.translate.xml:51796 #, no-wrap msgid "" "& R 1\n" @@ -74076,7 +74616,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51808 +#: book.translate.xml:51804 msgid "" "In order to send a new email, press m, followed by the " "recipient email address. Multiple recipients may be specified by separating " @@ -74087,7 +74627,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51816 +#: book.translate.xml:51812 #, no-wrap msgid "" "& mail root@localhost\n" @@ -74099,7 +74639,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51823 +#: book.translate.xml:51819 msgid "" "While using mail, press ? to display " "help at any time. Refer to mailmail1 was not designed to handle attachments and thus deals with " @@ -74118,12 +74658,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:51839 +#: book.translate.xml:51835 msgid "mutt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51841 +#: book.translate.xml:51837 msgid "" "mutt is a powerful MUA, with " "many features, including:" @@ -74130,32 +74670,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51846 +#: book.translate.xml:51842 msgid "The ability to thread messages." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51850 +#: book.translate.xml:51846 msgid "PGP support for digital signing and encryption of email." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51855 +#: book.translate.xml:51851 msgid "MIME support." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51859 +#: book.translate.xml:51855 msgid "Maildir support." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51863 +#: book.translate.xml:51859 msgid "Highly customizable." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51867 +#: book.translate.xml:51863 msgid "" "Refer to http://www.mutt.org " "for more information on mutt." @@ -74162,7 +74702,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51871 +#: book.translate.xml:51867 msgid "" "mutt may be installed using the mail/" "mutt port. After the port has been installed, mutt% mutt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51878 +#: book.translate.xml:51874 msgid "" "mutt will automatically read and display the " "contents of the user mailbox in /var/mail. If no mails " @@ -74190,13 +74730,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:51888 +#: book.translate.xml:51884 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/mutt1' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51892 +#: book.translate.xml:51888 msgid "" "To read an email, select it using the cursor keys and press Enter. An example of mutt displaying email can " @@ -74208,13 +74748,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:51899 +#: book.translate.xml:51895 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/mutt2' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51903 +#: book.translate.xml:51899 msgid "" "Similar to mail1, mutt can be used to " @@ -74225,7 +74765,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:51911 +#: book.translate.xml:51907 msgid "" "By default, mutt uses the " "vi1m. After a valid " "subject has been given, mutt will start " @@ -74255,13 +74795,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:51934 +#: book.translate.xml:51930 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/mutt3' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51938 +#: book.translate.xml:51934 msgid "" "mutt contains extensive help which can be " "accessed from most of the menus by pressing ?. The top line " @@ -74269,12 +74809,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:51946 +#: book.translate.xml:51942 msgid "alpine" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51948 +#: book.translate.xml:51944 msgid "" "alpine is aimed at a beginner user, but also " "includes some advanced features." @@ -74281,7 +74821,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:51952 +#: book.translate.xml:51948 msgid "" "alpine has had several remote vulnerabilities " "discovered in the past, which allowed remote attackers to execute arbitrary " @@ -74294,7 +74834,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51964 +#: book.translate.xml:51960 msgid "" "The current version of alpine may be installed " "using the mail/alpine port. Once the port has installed, " @@ -74303,13 +74843,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51970 +#: book.translate.xml:51966 #, no-wrap msgid "% alpine" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51972 +#: book.translate.xml:51968 msgid "" "The first time alpine runs, it displays a " "greeting page with a brief introduction, as well as a request from the " @@ -74325,13 +74865,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:51985 +#: book.translate.xml:51981 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/pine1' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51989 +#: book.translate.xml:51985 msgid "" "The main menu is then presented, which can be navigated using the cursor " "keys. This main menu provides shortcuts for the composing new mails, " @@ -74341,7 +74881,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51996 +#: book.translate.xml:51992 msgid "" "The default directory opened by alpine is " "inbox. To view the message index, press Ialpine. Contextual keyboard shortcuts are " @@ -74392,13 +74932,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:52029 +#: book.translate.xml:52025 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/pine4' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52033 +#: book.translate.xml:52029 msgid "" "Replying to an email in alpine is done using the " "pico editor, which is installed by default with " @@ -74417,13 +74957,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:52046 +#: book.translate.xml:52042 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/pine5' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52050 +#: book.translate.xml:52046 msgid "" "alpine can be customized using the " "SETUP option from the main menu. Consult fetchmail" msgstr "使用 fetchmail" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:52073 +#: book.translate.xml:52069 msgid "fetchmail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52077 +#: book.translate.xml:52073 msgid "" "fetchmail is a full-featured IMAP and POP client. It allows users to automatically " @@ -74454,7 +74994,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52088 +#: book.translate.xml:52084 msgid "" "Support for the POP3, APOP, " "KPOP, IMAP, ETRN " @@ -74462,7 +75002,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52095 +#: book.translate.xml:52091 msgid "" "Ability to forward mail using SMTP, which allows " "filtering, forwarding, and aliasing to function normally." @@ -74469,12 +75009,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52101 +#: book.translate.xml:52097 msgid "May be run in daemon mode to check periodically for new messages." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52106 +#: book.translate.xml:52102 msgid "" "Can retrieve multiple mailboxes and forward them, based on configuration, to " "different local users." @@ -74481,7 +75021,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52111 +#: book.translate.xml:52107 msgid "" "This section explains some of the basic features of fetchmail. This utility requires a .fetchmailrc " @@ -74492,13 +75032,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:52120 +#: book.translate.xml:52116 #, no-wrap msgid "% chmod 600 .fetchmailrc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52122 +#: book.translate.xml:52118 msgid "" "The following .fetchmailrc serves as an example for " "downloading a single user mailbox using POP. It tells " @@ -74510,13 +75050,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52132 +#: book.translate.xml:52128 #, no-wrap msgid "poll example.com protocol pop3 username \"joesoap\" password \"XXX\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52134 +#: book.translate.xml:52130 msgid "" "The next example connects to multiple POP and " "IMAP servers and redirects to different local usernames " @@ -74524,7 +75064,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52138 +#: book.translate.xml:52134 #, no-wrap msgid "" "poll example.com proto pop3:\n" @@ -74535,7 +75075,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52144 +#: book.translate.xml:52140 msgid "" "fetchmail can be run in daemon mode by running it " "with , followed by the interval (in seconds) that " @@ -74545,13 +75085,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:52152 +#: book.translate.xml:52148 #, no-wrap msgid "% fetchmail -d 600" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52154 +#: book.translate.xml:52150 msgid "" "More information on fetchmail can be found at " "http://www.fetchmail.info/procmail" msgstr "使用 procmail" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:52173 +#: book.translate.xml:52169 msgid "procmail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52177 +#: book.translate.xml:52173 msgid "" "procmail is a powerful application used to filter " "incoming mail. It allows users to define rules which can be " @@ -74584,13 +75124,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52191 +#: book.translate.xml:52187 #, no-wrap msgid "\"|exec /usr/local/bin/procmail || exit 75\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52193 +#: book.translate.xml:52189 msgid "" "The following section displays some basic procmail rules, as well as brief descriptions of what they do. Rules " @@ -74599,7 +75139,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52199 +#: book.translate.xml:52195 msgid "" "The majority of these rules can be found in procmailex5user@example.com to an external " "address of goodmail@example2.com:" @@ -74614,7 +75154,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52205 +#: book.translate.xml:52201 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -74623,7 +75163,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52209 +#: book.translate.xml:52205 msgid "" "To forward all mails shorter than 1000 bytes to an external address of " "goodmail@example2.com:" @@ -74630,7 +75170,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52212 +#: book.translate.xml:52208 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -74639,7 +75179,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52216 +#: book.translate.xml:52212 msgid "" "To send all mail sent to alternate@example.com to a mailbox " "called alternate:" @@ -74646,7 +75186,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52220 +#: book.translate.xml:52216 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -74655,7 +75195,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52224 +#: book.translate.xml:52220 msgid "" "To send all mail with a subject of Spam to /dev/" "null:" @@ -74662,7 +75202,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52227 +#: book.translate.xml:52223 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -74671,7 +75211,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52231 +#: book.translate.xml:52227 msgid "" "A useful recipe that parses incoming FreeBSD.org mailing lists and places each list in its own " @@ -74679,7 +75219,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52234 +#: book.translate.xml:52230 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -74693,12 +75233,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:52264 +#: book.translate.xml:52260 msgid "Network Servers" msgstr "網路伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52269 +#: book.translate.xml:52265 msgid "" "This chapter covers some of the more frequently used network services on " "UNIX systems. This includes " @@ -74711,22 +75251,22 @@ "定檔以供參考。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52275 +#: book.translate.xml:52271 msgid "By the end of this chapter, readers will know:" msgstr "讀完本章，您將了解：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52279 +#: book.translate.xml:52275 msgid "How to manage the inetd daemon." msgstr "如何管理 inetd Daemon。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52284 +#: book.translate.xml:52280 msgid "How to set up the Network File System (NFS)." msgstr "如何設定網路檔案系統 (Network File System, NFS)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52289 +#: book.translate.xml:52285 msgid "" "How to set up the Network Information Server (NIS) for " "centralizing and sharing user accounts." @@ -74735,23 +75275,23 @@ "來集中管理及共用使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52295 +#: book.translate.xml:52291 msgid "" "How to set FreeBSD up to act as an LDAP server or client" msgstr "如何設定 FreeBSD 成為 LDAP 伺服器或客戶端。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52300 +#: book.translate.xml:52296 msgid "How to set up automatic network settings using DHCP." msgstr "如何設定使用 DHCP 自動網路設定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52305 +#: book.translate.xml:52301 msgid "How to set up a Domain Name Server (DNS)." msgstr "如何設定網域名稱伺服器 (Domain Name Server, DNS)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52310 +#: book.translate.xml:52306 msgid "" "How to set up the Apache HTTP " "Server." @@ -74759,7 +75299,7 @@ "如何設定 Apache HTTP 伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52315 +#: book.translate.xml:52311 msgid "How to set up a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server." msgstr "" "如何設定檔案傳輸協定 (File Transfer Protocol, FTP) 伺服" @@ -74766,7 +75306,7 @@ "器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52320 +#: book.translate.xml:52316 msgid "" "How to set up a file and print server for Windows clients using Samba." @@ -74775,7 +75315,7 @@ "class=\"registered\">Windows 客戶端使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52325 +#: book.translate.xml:52321 msgid "" "How to synchronize the time and date, and set up a time server using the " "Network Time Protocol (NTP)." @@ -74784,38 +75324,38 @@ "acronym>) 設定時間伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52331 +#: book.translate.xml:52327 msgid "How to set up iSCSI." msgstr "如何設定 iSCSI。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52335 +#: book.translate.xml:52331 msgid "This chapter assumes a basic knowledge of:" msgstr "本章假設您有以下基礎知識：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52339 +#: book.translate.xml:52335 msgid "/etc/rc scripts." msgstr "/etc/rc Script。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52343 +#: book.translate.xml:52339 msgid "Network terminology." msgstr "網路術語。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52347 +#: book.translate.xml:52343 msgid "" "Installation of additional third-party software ()." msgstr "安裝其他第三方軟體 ()。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:52354 +#: book.translate.xml:52350 msgid "The inetd Super-Server" msgstr "inetd 超級伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52375 +#: book.translate.xml:52371 msgid "" "The inetd8 daemon is sometimes referred to as a Super-Server " @@ -74830,7 +75370,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52387 +#: book.translate.xml:52383 msgid "" "Primarily, inetd is used to spawn other daemons, " "but several trivial protocols are handled internally, such as " @@ -74840,7 +75380,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52396 +#: book.translate.xml:52392 msgid "" "This section covers the basics of configuring inetd." @@ -74847,12 +75387,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:52400 +#: book.translate.xml:52396 msgid "Configuration File" msgstr "設定檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52402 +#: book.translate.xml:52398 msgid "" "Configuration of inetd is done by editing " "/etc/inetd.conf. Each line of this configuration file " @@ -74865,7 +75405,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52414 +#: book.translate.xml:52410 msgid "" "After saving your edits, configure inetd to start " "at system boot by editing /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -74873,13 +75413,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52418 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:52414 book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "inetd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52420 +#: book.translate.xml:52416 msgid "" "To start inetd now, so that it listens for the " "service you configured, type:" @@ -74887,13 +75427,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:52423 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:52419 book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "# service inetd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52425 +#: book.translate.xml:52421 msgid "" "Once inetd is started, it needs to be notified " "whenever a modification is made to /etc/inetd.conf:" @@ -74900,18 +75440,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:52430 +#: book.translate.xml:52426 msgid "Reloading the inetd Configuration File" msgstr "重新庫入 inetd 設定檔" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:52433 +#: book.translate.xml:52429 #, no-wrap msgid "# service inetd reload" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52436 +#: book.translate.xml:52432 msgid "" "Typically, the default entry for an application does not need to be edited " "beyond removing the #. In some situations, it may be " @@ -74919,7 +75459,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52441 +#: book.translate.xml:52437 msgid "" "As an example, this is the default entry for " "ftpd8/etc/services. This determines which port " @@ -74971,12 +75511,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:52474 +#: book.translate.xml:52470 msgid "socket-type" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52477 +#: book.translate.xml:52473 msgid "" "Either stream, dgram, raw, or seqpacket. Use stream for " @@ -74985,87 +75525,87 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:52487 +#: book.translate.xml:52483 msgid "protocol" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52490 +#: book.translate.xml:52486 msgid "Use one of the following protocol names:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52496 +#: book.translate.xml:52492 msgid "Protocol Name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52497 +#: book.translate.xml:52493 msgid "Explanation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52503 +#: book.translate.xml:52499 msgid "tcp or tcp4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52504 +#: book.translate.xml:52500 msgid "TCP IPv4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52508 +#: book.translate.xml:52504 msgid "udp or udp4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52509 +#: book.translate.xml:52505 msgid "UDP IPv4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52513 +#: book.translate.xml:52509 msgid "tcp6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52514 +#: book.translate.xml:52510 msgid "TCP IPv6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52518 +#: book.translate.xml:52514 msgid "udp6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52519 +#: book.translate.xml:52515 msgid "UDP IPv6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52523 +#: book.translate.xml:52519 msgid "tcp46" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52524 +#: book.translate.xml:52520 msgid "Both TCP IPv4 and IPv6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52528 +#: book.translate.xml:52524 msgid "udp46" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52529 +#: book.translate.xml:52525 msgid "Both UDP IPv4 and IPv6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:52539 +#: book.translate.xml:52535 msgid "" "{wait|nowait}[/max-child[/max-connections-per-ip-per-minute[/max-child-per-" "ip]]]" @@ -75072,7 +75612,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52542 +#: book.translate.xml:52538 msgid "" "In this field, or must be " "specified. , indicates whether or not the service is able to " "handle its own socket. socket types must use " @@ -75091,7 +75631,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52558 +#: book.translate.xml:52554 msgid "" "The maximum number of child daemons inetd may " "spawn is set by . For example, to limit ten " @@ -75101,7 +75641,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52566 +#: book.translate.xml:52562 msgid "" " limits the number of " "connections from any particular IP address per minute. " @@ -75115,7 +75655,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52580 +#: book.translate.xml:52576 msgid "" "An example can be seen in the default settings for " "fingerd8root, daemoninetd internally, use ." @@ -75154,12 +75694,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:52610 +#: book.translate.xml:52606 msgid "server-program-arguments" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52613 +#: book.translate.xml:52609 msgid "" "Used to specify any command arguments to be passed to the daemon on " "invocation. If the daemon is an internal service, use