diff --git a/share/man/man7/Makefile b/share/man/man7/Makefile --- a/share/man/man7/Makefile +++ b/share/man/man7/Makefile @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ development.7 \ environ.7 \ firewall.7 \ + groups.7 \ growfs.7 \ hier.7 \ hostname.7 \ diff --git a/share/man/man7/groups.7 b/share/man/man7/groups.7 new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/share/man/man7/groups.7 @@ -0,0 +1,346 @@ +.\" $NetBSD: groups.7,v 1.8 2020/04/02 20:57:20 roy Exp $ +.\" +.\" Copyright (c) 2020 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. +.\" All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS +.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED +.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR +.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS +.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR +.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF +.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS +.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN +.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) +.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE +.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.Dd Dec 8, 2025 +.Dt GROUPS 7 +.Os +.Sh NAME +.Nm groups +.Nd standard group names +.Sh DESCRIPTION +A standard +.Fx +installation has the following user group names: +.Bl -tag -width "realtime" +.It Em wheel +Users authorized to elevate themselves to the super-user privileges of +the root user, meaning uid\~0. +Normally the +.Em wheel +group has gid\~0. +.Pp +Users who are not in the group +.Em wheel +are never allowed by +.Xr su 1 +to gain root privileges. +.It Em daemon +Used by the set-group-id +.Pq Xr setuid 7 +programs +.Xr lpr 1 +and +.Xr rwho 1 . +.It Em kmem +Used by the set-group-id +.Pq Xr setuid 7 +programs (like +.Xr ktrdump 8 ) +that need to access kernel memory +.Po Pa /dev/mem +and +.Pa /dev/kmem +are in the group +.Em kmem +.Pc . +See +.Xr mem 4 . +.It Em sys +Historic group. +Unused in modern +.Fx . +.It Em tty +Used by the set-group-id +.Pq Xr setuid 7 +programs +.Xr wall 1 +and +.Xr write 1 +to allow users to send messages to another tty even if they don't own +it (static tty device nodes +.Pa /dev/pts/* +are all in the group +.Em tty ) . +See +.Xr tty 4 . +.It Em operator +Users authorized to take backups of disk devices and shut down the +machine. +.Pp +The disk device nodes +(such as +.Pa /dev/ada0 ) +are in the group +.Em operator +and group-readable so users in the group can read from disk devices, +for example with +.Xr dump 8 . +The tape device nodes +(such as +.Pa /dev/sa0 ) +are in the group +.Em operator +and are both group-readable and group-writable so users in the group +can write to tape devices. +.Pp +The +.Xr shutdown 8 +program is executable only by root and members of the +.Em operator +group. +.It Em mail +Used by mail agents (like +.Xr dma 8 ) . +.Pp +By default, root mail +.Pq Pa /var/mail/root +is in the +.Em mail +group. +.It Em bin +Historic group. +Unused in modern +.Fx . +.It Em news +Historic group. +Unused in modern +.Fx . +.It Em man +Historic group; used to be used for managing manual pages (see +.Xr man 1 ) . +.It Em games +Used by various set-group-id +.Pq Xr setuid 7 +games to maintain high-scores files and other common files in +.Pa /var/games . +See also +.Xr intro 6 . +.It Em ftp +Used to be used by +.Xr sysinstall 8 +(which is now replaced with +.Xr bsdinstall 8 ) +for setting up anonymous FTP. +Unused in modern +.Fx . +.It Em staff +Staff users, in contrast to guest users (see +.Em guest +group). +Not used by +.Fx ; +available for the administrator's interpretation. +See +.Xr security 7 +for some recommendations on managing accounts in +.Em staff +group. +.It Em sshd +Primary group for the +.Em sshd +pseudo-user used by the +.Xr sshd 8 +secure shell daemon. +.It Em smmsp +Primary group for user +.Em smmsp , +which is used by +.Xr sendmail 8 +if no non-root users were configured for running it. +.Pp +The name of the group means "SendMail Message Submission Program". +.It Em mailnull +Used by electronic mail transport agent +.Xr sendmail 8 +as group for its default user +.Em mailnull . +.It Em guest +Guest users, in contrast to staff users (see +.Em staff +group). +Not used by +.Fx ; +available for the administrator's interpretation. +.It Em video +Used for access to +.Pa /dev/drm/* +devices, which are used for GPU hardware acceleration. +See +.Xr drm 7 . +.It Em realtime +Used by +.Xr mac_priotiry 4 +to allow members of this group to run threads and processes with +realtime scheduling priority. +See also +.Xr rtprio 1 . +.It Em idletime +Used by +.Xr mac_priority 4 +to allow members of this group to run processes with idle scheduling +priority. +See also +.Xr idprio 1 . +.It Em bind +Primary group for the +.Em bind +pseudo-user used by +.Xr named 8 +Internet domain name server. +.It Em unbound +Primary group for the +.Em unbound +pseudo-user used by the +.Xr unbound 8 +recursive DNS resolver. +.It Em proxy +Primary group for the +.Em proxy +pseudo-user used by the +.Xr ftp-proxy 8 +proxy daemon with packet filters such as +.Xr pf 4 . +.It Em authpf +Used by the set-group-id +.Pq Xr setuid 7 +program +.Xr authpf 8 +to configure authenticated gateways. +.It Em _pflogd +Primary group for the +.Em _pflogd +pseudo-user used by the +.Xr pflogd 8 +log daemon with the +.Xr pf 4 +packet filter. +.It Em _dhcp +Primary group for the +.Em _dhcp +pseudo-user used by the +.Xr dhclient 8 +DHCP Client. +.It Em dialer +Users authorized to make outgoing modem calls (see +.Xr cu 1 +and +.Pa /dev/cuauN +devices). +.It Em network +Historic group. +Unused in modern +.Fx . +.It Em audit +Primary group for the +.Em auditdistd +pseudo-user used by +.Xr auditd 8 +and +.Xr auditdistd 8 +audit daemons. +.It Em www +Historic group for accessing World Wide Web. +Unused in modern +.Fx . +.It Em u2f +Used for users who need to access +.Pa /dev/u2f/* +devices (see +.Xr u2f 4 ) . +.It Em ntpd +Primary group for the +.Em ntpd +pseudo-user used by the +.Xr ntpd 8 +network time protocol daemon. +.It Em _ypldap +Primary group for the +.Em _ypldap +pseudo-user used by +.Xr ypldap 8 +daemon. +.It Em hast +Primary group for the +.Em hast +pseudo-user used by +Highly Available Storage daemon +.Xr hastd 8 . +.It Em tests +Primary group for the +.Em tests +pseudo-user used by +automatic tests that request to run unprivileged. +See +.Xr tests 7 . +.It Em nogroup +Pseudo-group (fake group). +It differs from group +.Em nobody +in way that +.Em nogroup +doesn't have a dedicated user for it. +For instance, this group is used for users +.Em tty +and +.Em kmem . +.It Em nobody +Primary group for the traditional +.Em nobody +pseudo-user. +Modern practice is to assign to each different daemon its own separate +pseudo-user account and group so that if one daemon is compromised it +does not compromise all the other daemons. +.Pp +See also group +.Em nogroup . +.El +.Sh FILES +.Bl -tag -width "/usr/src/etc/group" -compact +.It Pa /etc/group +Main group permissions file. +.It Pa /usr/src/etc/group +Group permissions file for the base system. +.It Pa /usr/ports/GIDs +A list of GIDs (group IDs) reserved for ports (see +.Xr ports 7 ) . +.El +.Pp +See +.Xr group 5 +for the format of abovementioned files. +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr groups 1 +.Xr group 5 +.Xr pw 8 +.Sh HISTORY +The +.Nm +manual page appeared in +.Nx 10.0 . +It was ported to +.Fx +and first appeared in +.Fx 15.1 .