diff --git a/sbin/ifconfig/af_inet.c b/sbin/ifconfig/af_inet.c
--- a/sbin/ifconfig/af_inet.c
+++ b/sbin/ifconfig/af_inet.c
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@
 	struct snl_state *ss = ctx->io_ss;
 	bool found = false;
 
-	uint32_t ifindex = if_nametoindex_nl(ss, name);
+	uint32_t ifindex = if_nametoindex_nl(ss, ctx->ifname);
 	if (ifindex == 0) {
 		/* No interface with the desired name, nothing to delete */
 		return (EADDRNOTAVAIL);
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@
 
 	ifahdr->ifa_family = AF_INET;
 	ifahdr->ifa_prefixlen = pdata->addr.plen;
-	ifahdr->ifa_index = if_nametoindex_nl(ctx->io_ss, name);
+	ifahdr->ifa_index = if_nametoindex_nl(ctx->io_ss, ctx->ifname);
 
 	snl_add_msg_attr_ip4(&nw, IFA_LOCAL, &pdata->addr.addr);
 	if (action == NL_RTM_NEWADDR && pdata->dst_addr.addrset)
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@
 	const struct sockaddr *sa = (const struct sockaddr *) &ifr.ifr_addr;
 
 	memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, IFNAMSIZ);
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
 
 	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, SIOCGIFPSRCADDR, (caddr_t)&ifr) < 0)
 		return;
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@
 	struct in_aliasreq addreq;
 
 	memset(&addreq, 0, sizeof(addreq));
-	strlcpy(addreq.ifra_name, name, IFNAMSIZ);
+	strlcpy(addreq.ifra_name, ctx->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
 	memcpy(&addreq.ifra_addr, srcres->ai_addr, srcres->ai_addr->sa_len);
 	memcpy(&addreq.ifra_dstaddr, dstres->ai_addr, dstres->ai_addr->sa_len);
 
diff --git a/sbin/ifconfig/af_inet6.c b/sbin/ifconfig/af_inet6.c
--- a/sbin/ifconfig/af_inet6.c
+++ b/sbin/ifconfig/af_inet6.c
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@
 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "getifaddrs");
 	for (ifa = ifap; ifa; ifa = ifa->ifa_next) {
 		if (ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family == AF_INET6 &&
-		    strcmp(ifa->ifa_name, name) == 0) {
+		    strcmp(ifa->ifa_name, ctx->ifname) == 0) {
 			sin6 = (const struct sockaddr_in6 *)satosin6(ifa->ifa_addr);
 			if (IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(&sin6->sin6_addr)) {
 				lladdr = &sin6->sin6_addr;
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@
 
 	ifahdr->ifa_family = AF_INET6;
 	ifahdr->ifa_prefixlen = pdata->addr.plen;
-	ifahdr->ifa_index = if_nametoindex_nl(ctx->io_ss, name);
+	ifahdr->ifa_index = if_nametoindex_nl(ctx->io_ss, ctx->ifname);
 
 	snl_add_msg_attr_ip6(&nw, IFA_LOCAL, &pdata->addr.addr);
 	if (action == NL_RTM_NEWADDR && pdata->dst_addr.set)
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@
 	const struct sockaddr *sa = (const struct sockaddr *) &in6_ifr.ifr_addr;
 
 	memset(&in6_ifr, 0, sizeof(in6_ifr));
-	strlcpy(in6_ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(in6_ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(in6_ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(in6_ifr.ifr_name));
 
 	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, SIOCGIFPSRCADDR_IN6, (caddr_t)&in6_ifr) < 0)
 		return;
@@ -682,7 +682,7 @@
 	struct in6_aliasreq in6_addreq; 
 
 	memset(&in6_addreq, 0, sizeof(in6_addreq));
-	strlcpy(in6_addreq.ifra_name, name, sizeof(in6_addreq.ifra_name));
+	strlcpy(in6_addreq.ifra_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(in6_addreq.ifra_name));
 	memcpy(&in6_addreq.ifra_addr, srcres->ai_addr, srcres->ai_addr->sa_len);
 	memcpy(&in6_addreq.ifra_dstaddr, dstres->ai_addr,
 	    dstres->ai_addr->sa_len);
diff --git a/sbin/ifconfig/carp.c b/sbin/ifconfig/carp.c
--- a/sbin/ifconfig/carp.c
+++ b/sbin/ifconfig/carp.c
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
 	struct ifconfig_carp carpr[CARP_MAXVHID];
 	char addr_buf[NI_MAXHOST];
 
-	if (ifconfig_carp_get_info(lifh, name, carpr, CARP_MAXVHID) == -1)
+	if (ifconfig_carp_get_info(lifh, ctx->ifname, carpr, CARP_MAXVHID) == -1)
 		return;
 
 	for (size_t i = 0; i < carpr[0].carpr_count; i++) {
@@ -114,11 +114,11 @@
 }
 
 static void
-setcarp_callback(if_ctx *ctx __unused, void *arg __unused)
+setcarp_callback(if_ctx *ctx, void *arg __unused)
 {
 	struct ifconfig_carp carpr = { };
 
-	if (ifconfig_carp_get_vhid(lifh, name, &carpr, carpr_vhid) == -1) {
+	if (ifconfig_carp_get_vhid(lifh, ctx->ifname, &carpr, carpr_vhid) == -1) {
 		if (ifconfig_err_errno(lifh) != ENOENT)
 			return;
 	}
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
 		memcpy(&carpr.carpr_addr6, &carp_addr6,
 		    sizeof(carp_addr6));
 
-	if (ifconfig_carp_set_info(lifh, name, &carpr))
+	if (ifconfig_carp_set_info(lifh, ctx->ifname, &carpr))
 		err(1, "SIOCSVH");
 }
 
diff --git a/sbin/ifconfig/ifbridge.c b/sbin/ifconfig/ifbridge.c
--- a/sbin/ifconfig/ifbridge.c
+++ b/sbin/ifconfig/ifbridge.c
@@ -85,28 +85,26 @@
 }
 
 static int
-do_cmd(int sock, u_long op, void *arg, size_t argsize, int set)
+do_cmd(if_ctx *ctx, u_long op, void *arg, size_t argsize, int set)
 {
-	struct ifdrv ifd;
+	struct ifdrv ifd = {};
 
-	memset(&ifd, 0, sizeof(ifd));
-
-	strlcpy(ifd.ifd_name, name, sizeof(ifd.ifd_name));
+	strlcpy(ifd.ifd_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ifd.ifd_name));
 	ifd.ifd_cmd = op;
 	ifd.ifd_len = argsize;
 	ifd.ifd_data = arg;
 
-	return (ioctl(sock, set ? SIOCSDRVSPEC : SIOCGDRVSPEC, &ifd));
+	return (ioctl_ctx(ctx, set ? SIOCSDRVSPEC : SIOCGDRVSPEC, &ifd));
 }
 
 static void
-do_bridgeflag(int sock, const char *ifs, int flag, int set)
+do_bridgeflag(if_ctx *ctx, const char *ifs, int flag, int set)
 {
 	struct ifbreq req;
 
 	strlcpy(req.ifbr_ifsname, ifs, sizeof(req.ifbr_ifsname));
 
-	if (do_cmd(sock, BRDGGIFFLGS, &req, sizeof(req), 0) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGGIFFLGS, &req, sizeof(req), 0) < 0)
 		err(1, "unable to get bridge flags");
 
 	if (set)
@@ -114,12 +112,12 @@
 	else
 		req.ifbr_ifsflags &= ~flag;
 
-	if (do_cmd(sock, BRDGSIFFLGS, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGSIFFLGS, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "unable to set bridge flags");
 }
 
 static void
-bridge_addresses(int s, const char *prefix)
+bridge_addresses(if_ctx *ctx, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct ifbaconf ifbac;
 	struct ifbareq *ifba;
@@ -133,7 +131,7 @@
 			err(1, "unable to allocate address buffer");
 		ifbac.ifbac_len = len;
 		ifbac.ifbac_buf = inbuf = ninbuf;
-		if (do_cmd(s, BRDGRTS, &ifbac, sizeof(ifbac), 0) < 0)
+		if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGRTS, &ifbac, sizeof(ifbac), 0) < 0)
 			err(1, "unable to get address cache");
 		if ((ifbac.ifbac_len + sizeof(*ifba)) < len)
 			break;
@@ -154,7 +152,7 @@
 }
 
 static void
-bridge_status(if_ctx *ctx __unused)
+bridge_status(if_ctx *ctx)
 {
 	struct ifconfig_bridge_status *bridge;
 	struct ifbropreq *params;
@@ -162,7 +160,7 @@
 	uint8_t lladdr[ETHER_ADDR_LEN];
 	uint16_t bprio;
 
-	if (ifconfig_bridge_get_bridge_status(lifh, name, &bridge) == -1)
+	if (ifconfig_bridge_get_bridge_status(lifh, ctx->ifname, &bridge) == -1)
 		return;
 
 	params = bridge->params;
@@ -231,7 +229,7 @@
 
 	memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
 	strlcpy(req.ifbr_ifsname, val, sizeof(req.ifbr_ifsname));
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGADD, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGADD, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGADD %s",  val);
 }
 
@@ -242,7 +240,7 @@
 
 	memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
 	strlcpy(req.ifbr_ifsname, val, sizeof(req.ifbr_ifsname));
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGDEL, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGDEL, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGDEL %s",  val);
 }
 
@@ -250,42 +248,42 @@
 setbridge_discover(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
 
-	do_bridgeflag(ctx->io_s, val, IFBIF_DISCOVER, 1);
+	do_bridgeflag(ctx, val, IFBIF_DISCOVER, 1);
 }
 
 static void
 unsetbridge_discover(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
 
-	do_bridgeflag(ctx->io_s, val, IFBIF_DISCOVER, 0);
+	do_bridgeflag(ctx, val, IFBIF_DISCOVER, 0);
 }
 
 static void
 setbridge_learn(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
 
-	do_bridgeflag(ctx->io_s, val, IFBIF_LEARNING,  1);
+	do_bridgeflag(ctx, val, IFBIF_LEARNING,  1);
 }
 
 static void
 unsetbridge_learn(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
 
-	do_bridgeflag(ctx->io_s, val, IFBIF_LEARNING,  0);
+	do_bridgeflag(ctx, val, IFBIF_LEARNING,  0);
 }
 
 static void
 setbridge_sticky(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
 
-	do_bridgeflag(ctx->io_s, val, IFBIF_STICKY,  1);
+	do_bridgeflag(ctx, val, IFBIF_STICKY,  1);
 }
 
 static void
 unsetbridge_sticky(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
 
-	do_bridgeflag(ctx->io_s, val, IFBIF_STICKY,  0);
+	do_bridgeflag(ctx, val, IFBIF_STICKY,  0);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -295,7 +293,7 @@
 
 	memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
 	strlcpy(req.ifbr_ifsname, val, sizeof(req.ifbr_ifsname));
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGADDS, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGADDS, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGADDS %s",  val);
 }
 
@@ -306,7 +304,7 @@
 
 	memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
 	strlcpy(req.ifbr_ifsname, val, sizeof(req.ifbr_ifsname));
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGDELS, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGDELS, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGDELS %s",  val);
 }
 
@@ -314,62 +312,62 @@
 setbridge_stp(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
 
-	do_bridgeflag(ctx->io_s, val, IFBIF_STP, 1);
+	do_bridgeflag(ctx, val, IFBIF_STP, 1);
 }
 
 static void
 unsetbridge_stp(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
 
-	do_bridgeflag(ctx->io_s, val, IFBIF_STP, 0);
+	do_bridgeflag(ctx, val, IFBIF_STP, 0);
 }
 
 static void
 setbridge_edge(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	do_bridgeflag(ctx->io_s, val, IFBIF_BSTP_EDGE, 1);
+	do_bridgeflag(ctx, val, IFBIF_BSTP_EDGE, 1);
 }
 
 static void
 unsetbridge_edge(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	do_bridgeflag(ctx->io_s, val, IFBIF_BSTP_EDGE, 0);
+	do_bridgeflag(ctx, val, IFBIF_BSTP_EDGE, 0);
 }
 
 static void
 setbridge_autoedge(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	do_bridgeflag(ctx->io_s, val, IFBIF_BSTP_AUTOEDGE, 1);
+	do_bridgeflag(ctx, val, IFBIF_BSTP_AUTOEDGE, 1);
 }
 
 static void
 unsetbridge_autoedge(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	do_bridgeflag(ctx->io_s, val, IFBIF_BSTP_AUTOEDGE, 0);
+	do_bridgeflag(ctx, val, IFBIF_BSTP_AUTOEDGE, 0);
 }
 
 static void
 setbridge_ptp(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	do_bridgeflag(ctx->io_s, val, IFBIF_BSTP_PTP, 1);
+	do_bridgeflag(ctx, val, IFBIF_BSTP_PTP, 1);
 }
 
 static void
 unsetbridge_ptp(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	do_bridgeflag(ctx->io_s, val, IFBIF_BSTP_PTP, 0);
+	do_bridgeflag(ctx, val, IFBIF_BSTP_PTP, 0);
 }
 
 static void
 setbridge_autoptp(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	do_bridgeflag(ctx->io_s, val, IFBIF_BSTP_AUTOPTP, 1);
+	do_bridgeflag(ctx, val, IFBIF_BSTP_AUTOPTP, 1);
 }
 
 static void
 unsetbridge_autoptp(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	do_bridgeflag(ctx->io_s, val, IFBIF_BSTP_AUTOPTP, 0);
+	do_bridgeflag(ctx, val, IFBIF_BSTP_AUTOPTP, 0);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -379,7 +377,7 @@
 
 	memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
 	req.ifbr_ifsflags = IFBF_FLUSHDYN;
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGFLUSH, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGFLUSH, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGFLUSH");
 }
 
@@ -390,7 +388,7 @@
 
 	memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
 	req.ifbr_ifsflags = IFBF_FLUSHALL;
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGFLUSH, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGFLUSH, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGFLUSH");
 }
 
@@ -411,7 +409,7 @@
 	req.ifba_flags = IFBAF_STATIC;
 	req.ifba_vlan = 1; /* XXX allow user to specify */
 
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGSADDR, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGSADDR, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGSADDR %s",  val);
 }
 
@@ -429,7 +427,7 @@
 
 	memcpy(req.ifba_dst, ea->octet, sizeof(req.ifba_dst));
 
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGDADDR, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGDADDR, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGDADDR %s",  val);
 }
 
@@ -437,7 +435,7 @@
 setbridge_addr(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int dummy __unused)
 {
 
-	bridge_addresses(ctx->io_s, "");
+	bridge_addresses(ctx, "");
 }
 
 static void
@@ -451,7 +449,7 @@
 
 	param.ifbrp_csize = val & 0xffffffff;
 
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGSCACHE, &param, sizeof(param), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGSCACHE, &param, sizeof(param), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGSCACHE %s",  arg);
 }
 
@@ -466,7 +464,7 @@
 
 	param.ifbrp_hellotime = val & 0xff;
 
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGSHT, &param, sizeof(param), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGSHT, &param, sizeof(param), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGSHT %s",  arg);
 }
 
@@ -481,7 +479,7 @@
 
 	param.ifbrp_fwddelay = val & 0xff;
 
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGSFD, &param, sizeof(param), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGSFD, &param, sizeof(param), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGSFD %s",  arg);
 }
 
@@ -496,7 +494,7 @@
 
 	param.ifbrp_maxage = val & 0xff;
 
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGSMA, &param, sizeof(param), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGSMA, &param, sizeof(param), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGSMA %s",  arg);
 }
 
@@ -511,7 +509,7 @@
 
 	param.ifbrp_prio = val & 0xffff;
 
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGSPRI, &param, sizeof(param), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGSPRI, &param, sizeof(param), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGSPRI %s",  arg);
 }
 
@@ -528,7 +526,7 @@
 		errx(1, "unknown stp protocol");
 	}
 
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGSPROTO, &param, sizeof(param), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGSPROTO, &param, sizeof(param), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGSPROTO %s",  arg);
 }
 
@@ -543,7 +541,7 @@
 
 	param.ifbrp_txhc = val & 0xff;
 
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGSTXHC, &param, sizeof(param), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGSTXHC, &param, sizeof(param), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGSTXHC %s",  arg);
 }
 
@@ -561,7 +559,7 @@
 	strlcpy(req.ifbr_ifsname, ifn, sizeof(req.ifbr_ifsname));
 	req.ifbr_priority = val & 0xff;
 
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGSIFPRIO, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGSIFPRIO, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGSIFPRIO %s",  pri);
 }
 
@@ -579,7 +577,7 @@
 	strlcpy(req.ifbr_ifsname, ifn, sizeof(req.ifbr_ifsname));
 	req.ifbr_path_cost = val;
 
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGSIFCOST, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGSIFCOST, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGSIFCOST %s",  cost);
 }
 
@@ -597,7 +595,7 @@
 	strlcpy(req.ifbr_ifsname, ifn, sizeof(req.ifbr_ifsname));
 	req.ifbr_addrmax = val & 0xffffffff;
 
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGSIFAMAX, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGSIFAMAX, &req, sizeof(req), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGSIFAMAX %s",  arg);
 }
 
@@ -612,7 +610,7 @@
 
 	param.ifbrp_ctime = val & 0xffffffff;
 
-	if (do_cmd(ctx->io_s, BRDGSTO, &param, sizeof(param), 1) < 0)
+	if (do_cmd(ctx, BRDGSTO, &param, sizeof(param), 1) < 0)
 		err(1, "BRDGSTO %s",  arg);
 }
 
@@ -620,14 +618,14 @@
 setbridge_private(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
 
-	do_bridgeflag(ctx->io_s, val, IFBIF_PRIVATE, 1);
+	do_bridgeflag(ctx, val, IFBIF_PRIVATE, 1);
 }
 
 static void
 unsetbridge_private(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
 
-	do_bridgeflag(ctx->io_s, val, IFBIF_PRIVATE, 0);
+	do_bridgeflag(ctx, val, IFBIF_PRIVATE, 0);
 }
 
 static struct cmd bridge_cmds[] = {
diff --git a/sbin/ifconfig/ifclone.c b/sbin/ifconfig/ifclone.c
--- a/sbin/ifconfig/ifclone.c
+++ b/sbin/ifconfig/ifclone.c
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
 	struct ifreq ifr = {};
 	struct clone_defcb *dcp;
 
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
 
 	/* Try to find a default callback by filter */
 	SLIST_FOREACH(dcp, &clone_defcbh, next) {
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
 static void
 clone_destroy(if_ctx *ctx, const char *cmd __unused, int d __unused)
 {
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
 	if (ioctl(ctx->io_s, SIOCIFDESTROY, &ifr) < 0)
 		err(1, "SIOCIFDESTROY");
 }
diff --git a/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.h b/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.h
--- a/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.h
+++ b/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.h
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 	const struct afswtch	*afp;
 	int			io_s;		/* fd to use for ioctl() */
 	struct snl_state	*io_ss;		/* NETLINK_ROUTE socket */
-	char			*ifname;	/* Current interface name */
+	const char		*ifname;	/* Current interface name */
 	char			_ifname_storage_ioctl[IFNAMSIZ];
 };
 typedef struct ifconfig_context if_ctx;
@@ -251,7 +251,6 @@
 
 extern	ifconfig_handle_t *lifh;
 extern	struct ifreq ifr;
-extern	char name[IFNAMSIZ];	/* name of interface */
 extern	int allmedia;
 extern	int newaddr;
 extern	int exit_code;
@@ -282,12 +281,12 @@
 void	tunnel_status(if_ctx *ctx);
 struct afswtch	*af_getbyfamily(int af);
 void	af_other_status(if_ctx *ctx);
-void	print_ifstatus(int s);
+void	print_ifstatus(if_ctx *ctx);
 void	print_metric(int s);
 
 /* Netlink-related functions */
 void	list_interfaces_nl(struct ifconfig_args *args);
-int	ifconfig_wrapper_nl(struct ifconfig_args *args, int iscreate,
+int	ifconfig_wrapper_nl(if_ctx *ctx, int iscreate,
 		const struct afswtch *uafp);
 uint32_t if_nametoindex_nl(struct snl_state *ss, const char *ifname);
 
@@ -295,7 +294,7 @@
  * XXX expose this so modules that need to know of any pending
  * operations on ifmedia can avoid cmd line ordering confusion.
  */
-struct ifmediareq *ifmedia_getstate(void);
+struct ifmediareq *ifmedia_getstate(if_ctx *ctx);
 
 void print_vhid(const struct ifaddrs *, const char *);
 
diff --git a/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.c b/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.c
--- a/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.c
+++ b/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.c
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
  */
 struct	ifreq ifr;
 
-char	name[IFNAMSIZ];
+//char	name[IFNAMSIZ];
 #ifdef WITHOUT_NETLINK
 static char	*descr = NULL;
 static size_t	descrlen = 64;
@@ -576,15 +576,16 @@
 ifconfig_wrapper(struct ifconfig_args *args, int iscreate,
     const struct afswtch *uafp)
 {
-#ifdef WITHOUT_NETLINK
 	struct ifconfig_context ctx = {
 		.args = args,
 		.io_s = -1,
+		.ifname = args->ifname,
 	};
 
+#ifdef WITHOUT_NETLINK
 	return (ifconfig(&ctx, iscreate, uafp));
 #else
-	return (ifconfig_wrapper_nl(args, iscreate, uafp));
+	return (ifconfig_wrapper_nl(&ctx, iscreate, uafp));
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -600,11 +601,16 @@
 	return (false);
 }
 
+static bool
+isnametoolong(const char *ifname)
+{
+	return (strlen(ifname) >= IFNAMSIZ);
+}
+
 int
 main(int ac, char *av[])
 {
 	char *envformat;
-	size_t iflen;
 	int flags;
 #ifdef JAIL
 	int jid;
@@ -654,8 +660,7 @@
 			 * to find the interface.
 			 */
 			if (isargcreate(arg)) {
-				iflen = strlcpy(name, args->ifname, sizeof(name));
-				if (iflen >= sizeof(name))
+				if (isnametoolong(args->ifname))
 					errx(1, "%s: cloning name too long",
 					    args->ifname);
 				ifconfig_wrapper(args, 1, NULL);
@@ -668,8 +673,7 @@
 			 * to find the interface as it lives in another vnet.
 			 */
 			if (arg != NULL && (strcmp(arg, "-vnet") == 0)) {
-				iflen = strlcpy(name, args->ifname, sizeof(name));
-				if (iflen >= sizeof(name))
+				if (isnametoolong(args->ifname))
 					errx(1, "%s: interface name too long",
 					    args->ifname);
 				ifconfig_wrapper(args, 0, NULL);
@@ -704,11 +708,10 @@
 	 * system address list
 	 */
 	if ((args->argc > 0) && (args->ifname != NULL)) {
-		iflen = strlcpy(name, args->ifname, sizeof(name));
-		if (iflen >= sizeof(name)) {
+		if (isnametoolong(args->ifname))
 			warnx("%s: interface name too long, skipping", args->ifname);
-		} else {
-			flags = getifflags(name, -1, false);
+		else {
+			flags = getifflags(args->ifname, -1, false);
 			if (!(((flags & IFF_CANTCONFIG) != 0) ||
 				(args->downonly && (flags & IFF_UP) != 0) ||
 				(args->uponly && (flags & IFF_UP) == 0)))
@@ -776,7 +779,6 @@
 	struct ifa_order_elt *cur, *tmp;
 	char *namecp = NULL;
 	int ifindex;
-	size_t iflen;
 
 	if (getifaddrs(&ifap) != 0)
 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "getifaddrs");
@@ -810,8 +812,7 @@
 			sdl = NULL;
 		if (cp != NULL && strcmp(cp, ifa->ifa_name) == 0 && !args->namesonly)
 			continue;
-		iflen = strlcpy(name, ifa->ifa_name, sizeof(name));
-		if (iflen >= sizeof(name)) {
+		if (isnametoolong(ifa->ifa_name)) {
 			warnx("%s: interface name too long, skipping",
 			    ifa->ifa_name);
 			continue;
@@ -834,7 +835,7 @@
 			ifindex++;
 			if (ifindex > 1)
 				printf(" ");
-			fputs(name, stdout);
+			fputs(cp, stdout);
 			continue;
 		}
 		ifindex++;
@@ -1044,7 +1045,7 @@
 {
 	struct ifreq *req = (struct ifreq *)data;
 
-	strlcpy(req->ifr_name, name, sizeof(req->ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(req->ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(req->ifr_name));
 	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, action, req) == 0)
 		return (0);
 	return (errno);
@@ -1057,7 +1058,7 @@
 
 	if (afp->af_exec == NULL) {
 		warnx("interface %s cannot change %s addresses!",
-		    name, afp->af_name);
+		    ctx->ifname, afp->af_name);
 		clearaddr = 0;
 		return;
 	}
@@ -1076,7 +1077,7 @@
 {
 	if (afp->af_exec == NULL) {
 		warnx("interface %s cannot change %s addresses!",
-		      name, afp->af_name);
+		      ctx->ifname, afp->af_name);
 		newaddr = 0;
 		return;
 	}
@@ -1100,10 +1101,11 @@
 	struct ifconfig_context _ctx = {
 		.args = orig_ctx->args,
 		.io_ss = orig_ctx->io_ss,
+		.ifname = orig_ctx->ifname,
 	};
 	struct ifconfig_context *ctx = &_ctx;
 
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof ifr.ifr_name);
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof ifr.ifr_name);
 	afp = NULL;
 	if (uafp != NULL)
 		afp = uafp;
@@ -1209,7 +1211,7 @@
 	 * Do any post argument processing required by the address family.
 	 */
 	if (afp->af_postproc != NULL)
-		afp->af_postproc(ctx, newaddr, getifflags(name, s, true));
+		afp->af_postproc(ctx, newaddr, getifflags(ctx->ifname, s, true));
 	/*
 	 * Do deferred callbacks registered while processing
 	 * command-line arguments.
@@ -1394,14 +1396,14 @@
 	struct ifreq		my_ifr;
 	int flags;
 
-	flags = getifflags(name, ctx->io_s, false);
+	flags = getifflags(ctx->ifname, ctx->io_s, false);
 	if (value < 0) {
 		value = -value;
 		flags &= ~value;
 	} else
 		flags |= value;
 	memset(&my_ifr, 0, sizeof(my_ifr));
-	(void) strlcpy(my_ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(my_ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(my_ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(my_ifr.ifr_name));
 	my_ifr.ifr_flags = flags & 0xffff;
 	my_ifr.ifr_flagshigh = flags >> 16;
 	if (ioctl(ctx->io_s, SIOCSIFFLAGS, (caddr_t)&my_ifr) < 0)
@@ -1482,7 +1484,7 @@
 static void
 setifmetric(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof (ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof (ifr.ifr_name));
 	ifr.ifr_metric = atoi(val);
 	if (ioctl(ctx->io_s, SIOCSIFMETRIC, (caddr_t)&ifr) < 0)
 		err(1, "ioctl SIOCSIFMETRIC (set metric)");
@@ -1491,7 +1493,7 @@
 static void
 setifmtu(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof (ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof (ifr.ifr_name));
 	ifr.ifr_mtu = atoi(val);
 	if (ioctl(ctx->io_s, SIOCSIFMTU, (caddr_t)&ifr) < 0)
 		err(1, "ioctl SIOCSIFMTU (set mtu)");
@@ -1527,7 +1529,7 @@
 {
 	char *newname;
 	
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
 
 	newname = strdup(val);
 	if (newname == NULL)
@@ -1546,7 +1548,7 @@
 {
 	char *newdescr;
 
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
 	
 	ifr.ifr_buffer.length = strlen(val) + 1;
 	if (ifr.ifr_buffer.length == 1) {
@@ -1663,12 +1665,12 @@
 }
 
 void
-print_ifstatus(int s)
+print_ifstatus(if_ctx *ctx)
 {
 	struct ifstat ifs;
 
-	strlcpy(ifs.ifs_name, name, sizeof ifs.ifs_name);
-	if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFSTATUS, &ifs) == 0)
+	strlcpy(ifs.ifs_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof ifs.ifs_name);
+	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, SIOCGIFSTATUS, &ifs) == 0)
 		printf("%s", ifs.ascii);
 }
 
@@ -1722,22 +1724,26 @@
 	struct ifaddrs *ift;
 	int s;
 	bool allfamilies = args->afp == NULL;
+	char *ifname = ifa->ifa_name;
 
 	if (args->afp == NULL)
 		ifr.ifr_addr.sa_family = AF_LOCAL;
 	else
 		ifr.ifr_addr.sa_family =
 		   args->afp->af_af == AF_LINK ? AF_LOCAL : args->afp->af_af;
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
 
 	s = socket(ifr.ifr_addr.sa_family, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
 	if (s < 0)
 		err(1, "socket(family %u,SOCK_DGRAM)", ifr.ifr_addr.sa_family);
 
-	struct ifconfig_context _ctx = { .io_s = s }, *ctx;
-	ctx = &_ctx;
+	struct ifconfig_context _ctx = {
+		.io_s = s,
+		.ifname = ifname,
+	};
+	struct ifconfig_context *ctx = &_ctx;
 
-	printf("%s: ", name);
+	printf("%s: ", ifname);
 	printb("flags", ifa->ifa_flags, IFFBITS);
 	print_metric(s);
 	print_mtu(s);
@@ -1784,7 +1790,7 @@
 	else if (args->afp->af_other_status != NULL)
 		args->afp->af_other_status(ctx);
 
-	print_ifstatus(s);
+	print_ifstatus(ctx);
 	if (args->verbose > 0)
 		sfp_status(ctx);
 
diff --git a/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig_netlink.c b/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig_netlink.c
--- a/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig_netlink.c
+++ b/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig_netlink.c
@@ -123,19 +123,15 @@
 }
 
 int
-ifconfig_wrapper_nl(struct ifconfig_args *args, int iscreate,
+ifconfig_wrapper_nl(if_ctx *ctx, int iscreate,
     const struct afswtch *uafp)
 {
 	struct snl_state ss = {};
-	struct ifconfig_context ctx = {
-		.args = args,
-		.io_s = -1,
-		.io_ss = &ss,
-	};
 
 	nl_init_socket(&ss);
+	ctx->io_ss = &ss;
 
-	int error = ifconfig(&ctx, iscreate, uafp);
+	int error = ifconfig(ctx, iscreate, uafp);
 
 	snl_free(&ss);
 
@@ -396,7 +392,7 @@
 	else if (args->afp->af_other_status != NULL)
 		args->afp->af_other_status(ctx);
 
-	print_ifstatus(ctx->io_s);
+	print_ifstatus(ctx);
 	if (args->verbose > 0)
 		sfp_status(ctx);
 }
@@ -411,16 +407,6 @@
 	return (s);
 }
 
-static void
-set_global_ifname(if_link_t *link)
-{
-	size_t iflen = strlcpy(name, link->ifla_ifname, sizeof(name));
-
-	if (iflen >= sizeof(name))
-		errx(1, "%s: cloning name too long", link->ifla_ifname);
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, link->ifla_ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
-}
-
 void
 list_interfaces_nl(struct ifconfig_args *args)
 {
@@ -452,7 +438,7 @@
 		if (!match_iface(args, iface))
 			continue;
 
-		set_global_ifname(&iface->link);
+		ctx->ifname = iface->link.ifla_ifname;
 
 		if (args->namesonly) {
 			if (num++ != 0)
diff --git a/sbin/ifconfig/iffib.c b/sbin/ifconfig/iffib.c
--- a/sbin/ifconfig/iffib.c
+++ b/sbin/ifconfig/iffib.c
@@ -51,13 +51,13 @@
 	struct ifreq ifr;
 
 	memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
 	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, SIOCGIFFIB, (caddr_t)&ifr) == 0 &&
 	    ifr.ifr_fib != RT_DEFAULT_FIB)
 		printf("\tfib: %u\n", ifr.ifr_fib);
 
 	memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
 	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, SIOCGTUNFIB, (caddr_t)&ifr) == 0 &&
 	    ifr.ifr_fib != RT_DEFAULT_FIB)
 		printf("\ttunnelfib: %u\n", ifr.ifr_fib);
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 		return;
 	}
 
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof (ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof (ifr.ifr_name));
 	ifr.ifr_fib = fib;
 	if (ioctl(ctx->io_s, SIOCSIFFIB, (caddr_t)&ifr) < 0)
 		warn("ioctl (SIOCSIFFIB)");
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
 		return;
 	}
 
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof (ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof (ifr.ifr_name));
 	ifr.ifr_fib = fib;
 	if (ioctl(ctx->io_s, SIOCSTUNFIB, (caddr_t)&ifr) < 0)
 		warn("ioctl (SIOCSTUNFIB)");
diff --git a/sbin/ifconfig/ifgre.c b/sbin/ifconfig/ifgre.c
--- a/sbin/ifconfig/ifgre.c
+++ b/sbin/ifconfig/ifgre.c
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
 {
 	uint32_t grekey = strtol(val, NULL, 0);
 
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof (ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof (ifr.ifr_name));
 	ifr.ifr_data = (caddr_t)&grekey;
 	if (ioctl(ctx->io_s, GRESKEY, (caddr_t)&ifr) < 0)
 		warn("ioctl (set grekey)");
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
 {
 	uint32_t udpport = strtol(val, NULL, 0);
 
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof (ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof (ifr.ifr_name));
 	ifr.ifr_data = (caddr_t)&udpport;
 	if (ioctl(ctx->io_s, GRESPORT, (caddr_t)&ifr) < 0)
 		warn("ioctl (set udpport)");
diff --git a/sbin/ifconfig/ifgroup.c b/sbin/ifconfig/ifgroup.c
--- a/sbin/ifconfig/ifgroup.c
+++ b/sbin/ifconfig/ifgroup.c
@@ -50,10 +50,9 @@
 static void
 setifgroup(if_ctx *ctx, const char *group_name, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	struct ifgroupreq ifgr;
+	struct ifgroupreq ifgr = {};
 
-	memset(&ifgr, 0, sizeof(ifgr));
-	strlcpy(ifgr.ifgr_name, name, IFNAMSIZ);
+	strlcpy(ifgr.ifgr_name, ctx->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
 
 	if (group_name[0] && isdigit(group_name[strlen(group_name) - 1]))
 		errx(1, "setifgroup: group names may not end in a digit");
@@ -67,10 +66,9 @@
 static void
 unsetifgroup(if_ctx *ctx, const char *group_name, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	struct ifgroupreq ifgr;
+	struct ifgroupreq ifgr = {};
 
-	memset(&ifgr, 0, sizeof(ifgr));
-	strlcpy(ifgr.ifgr_name, name, IFNAMSIZ);
+	strlcpy(ifgr.ifgr_name, ctx->ifname, IFNAMSIZ);
 
 	if (group_name[0] && isdigit(group_name[strlen(group_name) - 1]))
 		errx(1, "unsetifgroup: group names may not end in a digit");
@@ -82,12 +80,12 @@
 }
 
 static void
-getifgroups(if_ctx *ctx __unused)
+getifgroups(if_ctx *ctx)
 {
 	struct ifgroupreq ifgr;
 	size_t cnt;
 
-	if (ifconfig_get_groups(lifh, name, &ifgr) == -1)
+	if (ifconfig_get_groups(lifh, ctx->ifname, &ifgr) == -1)
 		return;
 
 	cnt = 0;
diff --git a/sbin/ifconfig/ifieee80211.c b/sbin/ifconfig/ifieee80211.c
--- a/sbin/ifconfig/ifieee80211.c
+++ b/sbin/ifconfig/ifieee80211.c
@@ -173,15 +173,15 @@
 	[IEEE80211_MODE_VHT_5GHZ] = "11ac",
 };
 
-static void set80211(int s, int type, int val, int len, void *data);
-static int get80211(int s, int type, void *data, int len);
-static int get80211len(int s, int type, void *data, int len, int *plen);
-static int get80211val(int s, int type, int *val);
+static void set80211(if_ctx *ctx, int type, int val, int len, void *data);
+static int get80211(if_ctx *ctx, int type, void *data, int len);
+static int get80211len(if_ctx *ctx, int type, void *data, int len, int *plen);
+static int get80211val(if_ctx *ctx, int type, int *val);
 static const char *get_string(const char *val, const char *sep,
     u_int8_t *buf, int *lenp);
 static void print_string(const u_int8_t *buf, int len);
 static void print_regdomain(const struct ieee80211_regdomain *, int);
-static void print_channels(int, const struct ieee80211req_chaninfo *,
+static void print_channels(if_ctx *, const struct ieee80211req_chaninfo *,
     int allchans, int verbose);
 static void regdomain_makechannels(if_ctx *, struct ieee80211_regdomain_req *,
     const struct ieee80211_devcaps_req *);
@@ -201,11 +201,11 @@
 static	int gothtconf = 0;
 
 static void
-gethtconf(int s)
+gethtconf(if_ctx *ctx)
 {
 	if (gothtconf)
 		return;
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_HTCONF, &htconf) < 0)
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_HTCONF, &htconf) < 0)
 		warn("unable to get HT configuration information");
 	gothtconf = 1;
 }
@@ -215,11 +215,11 @@
 static	int gotvhtconf = 0;
 
 static void
-getvhtconf(int s)
+getvhtconf(if_ctx *ctx)
 {
 	if (gotvhtconf)
 		return;
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_VHTCONF, &vhtconf) < 0)
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_VHTCONF, &vhtconf) < 0)
 		warn("unable to get VHT configuration information");
 	gotvhtconf = 1;
 }
@@ -229,19 +229,19 @@
  * to handle mapping between frequency and IEEE channel number.
  */
 static void
-getchaninfo(int s)
+getchaninfo(if_ctx *ctx)
 {
 	if (chaninfo != NULL)
 		return;
 	chaninfo = malloc(IEEE80211_CHANINFO_SIZE(MAXCHAN));
 	if (chaninfo == NULL)
 		errx(1, "no space for channel list");
-	if (get80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_CHANINFO, chaninfo,
+	if (get80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_CHANINFO, chaninfo,
 	    IEEE80211_CHANINFO_SIZE(MAXCHAN)) < 0)
 		err(1, "unable to get channel information");
-	ifmr = ifmedia_getstate();
-	gethtconf(s);
-	getvhtconf(s);
+	ifmr = ifmedia_getstate(ctx);
+	gethtconf(ctx);
+	getvhtconf(ctx);
 }
 
 static struct regdata *
@@ -387,16 +387,16 @@
 }
 
 static const struct ieee80211_channel *
-getcurchan(int s)
+getcurchan(if_ctx *ctx)
 {
 	if (gotcurchan)
 		return &curchan;
-	if (get80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_CURCHAN, &curchan, sizeof(curchan)) < 0) {
+	if (get80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_CURCHAN, &curchan, sizeof(curchan)) < 0) {
 		int val;
 		/* fall back to legacy ioctl */
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_CHANNEL, &val) < 0)
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_CHANNEL, &val) < 0)
 			err(-1, "cannot figure out current channel");
-		getchaninfo(s);
+		getchaninfo(ctx);
 		mapchan(&curchan, val, 0);
 	}
 	gotcurchan = 1;
@@ -436,11 +436,11 @@
 }
 
 static void
-getroam(int s)
+getroam(if_ctx *ctx)
 {
 	if (gotroam)
 		return;
-	if (get80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_ROAM,
+	if (get80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_ROAM,
 	    &roamparams, sizeof(roamparams)) < 0)
 		err(1, "unable to get roaming parameters");
 	gotroam = 1;
@@ -450,15 +450,15 @@
 setroam_cb(if_ctx *ctx, void *arg)
 {
 	struct ieee80211_roamparams_req *roam = arg;
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_ROAM, 0, sizeof(*roam), roam);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_ROAM, 0, sizeof(*roam), roam);
 }
 
 static void
-gettxparams(int s)
+gettxparams(if_ctx *ctx)
 {
 	if (gottxparams)
 		return;
-	if (get80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_TXPARAMS,
+	if (get80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_TXPARAMS,
 	    &txparams, sizeof(txparams)) < 0)
 		err(1, "unable to get transmit parameters");
 	gottxparams = 1;
@@ -468,24 +468,24 @@
 settxparams_cb(if_ctx *ctx, void *arg)
 {
 	struct ieee80211_txparams_req *txp = arg;
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_TXPARAMS, 0, sizeof(*txp), txp);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_TXPARAMS, 0, sizeof(*txp), txp);
 }
 
 static void
-getregdomain(int s)
+getregdomain(if_ctx *ctx)
 {
 	if (gotregdomain)
 		return;
-	if (get80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_REGDOMAIN,
+	if (get80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_REGDOMAIN,
 	    &regdomain, sizeof(regdomain)) < 0)
 		err(1, "unable to get regulatory domain info");
 	gotregdomain = 1;
 }
 
 static void
-getdevcaps(int s, struct ieee80211_devcaps_req *dc)
+getdevcaps(if_ctx *ctx, struct ieee80211_devcaps_req *dc)
 {
-	if (get80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_DEVCAPS, dc,
+	if (get80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_DEVCAPS, dc,
 	    IEEE80211_DEVCAPS_SPACE(dc)) < 0)
 		err(1, "unable to get device capabilities");
 }
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@
 	if (dc == NULL)
 		errx(1, "no space for device capabilities");
 	dc->dc_chaninfo.ic_nchans = MAXCHAN;
-	getdevcaps(ctx->io_s, dc);
+	getdevcaps(ctx, dc);
 #if 0
 	if (verbose) {
 		printf("drivercaps: 0x%x\n", dc->dc_drivercaps);
@@ -576,11 +576,11 @@
 			errx(1, "no space for channel list");
 		memcpy(chaninfo, &req->chaninfo,
 		    IEEE80211_CHANINFO_SPACE(&req->chaninfo));
-		print_channels(ctx->io_s, &req->chaninfo, 1/*allchans*/, 1/*verbose*/);
+		print_channels(ctx, &req->chaninfo, 1/*allchans*/, 1/*verbose*/);
 	}
 	if (req->chaninfo.ic_nchans == 0)
 		errx(1, "no channels calculated");
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_REGDOMAIN, 0,
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_REGDOMAIN, 0,
 	    IEEE80211_REGDOMAIN_SPACE(req), req);
 	free(req);
 	free(dc);
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@
 	if (get_string(val, NULL, data, &len) == NULL)
 		exit(1);
 
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_SSID, ssid, len, data);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_SSID, ssid, len, data);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@
 	if (get_string(val, NULL, data, &len) == NULL)
 		exit(1);
 
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_ID, 0, len, data);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_ID, 0, len, data);
 }	
 
 static void
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@
 	len = sizeof(data);
 	get_string(val, NULL, data, &len);
 
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_STATIONNAME, 0, len, data);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_STATIONNAME, 0, len, data);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@
 }
 
 static void
-getchannel(int s, struct ieee80211_channel *chan, const char *val)
+getchannel(if_ctx *ctx, struct ieee80211_channel *chan, const char *val)
 {
 	unsigned int v, flags;
 	char *eptr;
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@
 		chan->ic_freq = IEEE80211_CHAN_ANY;
 		return;
 	}
-	getchaninfo(s);
+	getchaninfo(ctx);
 	errno = 0;
 	v = strtol(val, &eptr, 10);
 	if (val[0] == '\0' || val == eptr || errno == ERANGE ||
@@ -836,22 +836,20 @@
 set80211channel(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
 	struct ieee80211_channel chan;
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
 
-	getchannel(s, &chan, val);
-	set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_CURCHAN, 0, sizeof(chan), &chan);
+	getchannel(ctx, &chan, val);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_CURCHAN, 0, sizeof(chan), &chan);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211chanswitch(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
 	struct ieee80211_chanswitch_req csr;
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
 
-	getchannel(s, &csr.csa_chan, val);
+	getchannel(ctx, &csr.csa_chan, val);
 	csr.csa_mode = 1;
 	csr.csa_count = 5;
-	set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_CHANSWITCH, 0, sizeof(csr), &csr);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_CHANSWITCH, 0, sizeof(csr), &csr);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -873,7 +871,7 @@
 		errx(1, "unknown authmode");
 	}
 
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_AUTHMODE, mode, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_AUTHMODE, mode, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -895,26 +893,24 @@
 		errx(1, "unknown powersavemode");
 	}
 
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_POWERSAVE, mode, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_POWERSAVE, mode, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211powersave(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
-
 	if (d == 0)
-		set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_POWERSAVE, IEEE80211_POWERSAVE_OFF,
+		set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_POWERSAVE, IEEE80211_POWERSAVE_OFF,
 		    0, NULL);
 	else
-		set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_POWERSAVE, IEEE80211_POWERSAVE_ON,
+		set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_POWERSAVE, IEEE80211_POWERSAVE_ON,
 		    0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211powersavesleep(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_POWERSAVESLEEP, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_POWERSAVESLEEP, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -932,13 +928,13 @@
 		errx(1, "unknown wep mode");
 	}
 
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_WEP, mode, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WEP, mode, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211wep(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_WEP, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WEP, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -950,12 +946,10 @@
 static void
 set80211weptxkey(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	int		s = ctx->io_s;
-
 	if (isundefarg(val))
-		set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WEPTXKEY, IEEE80211_KEYIX_NONE, 0, NULL);
+		set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WEPTXKEY, IEEE80211_KEYIX_NONE, 0, NULL);
 	else
-		set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WEPTXKEY, atoi(val)-1, 0, NULL);
+		set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WEPTXKEY, atoi(val)-1, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -964,7 +958,6 @@
 	int		key = 0;
 	int		len;
 	u_int8_t	data[IEEE80211_KEYBUF_SIZE];
-	int		s = ctx->io_s;
 
 	if (isdigit((int)val[0]) && val[1] == ':') {
 		key = atoi(val)-1;
@@ -975,7 +968,7 @@
 	len = sizeof(data);
 	get_string(val, NULL, data, &len);
 
-	set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WEPKEY, key, len, data);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WEPKEY, key, len, data);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -989,9 +982,8 @@
 	int		txkey;
 	int		i, len;
 	u_int8_t	data[IEEE80211_KEYBUF_SIZE];
-	int		s = ctx->io_s;
 
-	set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WEP, IEEE80211_WEP_ON, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WEP, IEEE80211_WEP_ON, 0, NULL);
 
 	if (isdigit((int)val[0]) && val[1] == ':') {
 		txkey = val[0]-'0'-1;
@@ -1004,7 +996,7 @@
 			if (val == NULL)
 				exit(1);
 
-			set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WEPKEY, i, len, data);
+			set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WEPKEY, i, len, data);
 		}
 	} else {
 		bzero(data, sizeof(data));
@@ -1012,20 +1004,20 @@
 		get_string(val, NULL, data, &len);
 		txkey = 0;
 
-		set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WEPKEY, 0, len, data);
+		set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WEPKEY, 0, len, data);
 
 		bzero(data, sizeof(data));
 		for (i = 1; i < 4; i++)
-			set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WEPKEY, i, 0, data);
+			set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WEPKEY, i, 0, data);
 	}
 
-	set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WEPTXKEY, txkey, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WEPTXKEY, txkey, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211rtsthreshold(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_RTSTHRESHOLD,
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_RTSTHRESHOLD,
 		isundefarg(val) ? IEEE80211_RTS_MAX : atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
@@ -1044,7 +1036,7 @@
 		errx(1, "unknown protection mode");
 	}
 
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_PROTMODE, mode, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_PROTMODE, mode, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1060,7 +1052,7 @@
 		errx(1, "unknown protection mode");
 	}
 
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_HTPROTMODE, mode, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_HTPROTMODE, mode, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1072,7 +1064,7 @@
 	txpow = (int) (2*v);
 	if (txpow != 2*v)
 		errx(-1, "invalid tx power (must be .5 dBm units)");
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_TXPOWER, txpow, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_TXPOWER, txpow, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 #define	IEEE80211_ROAMING_DEVICE	0
@@ -1093,37 +1085,37 @@
 	} else {
 		errx(1, "unknown roaming mode");
 	}
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_ROAMING, mode, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_ROAMING, mode, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211wme(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211hidessid(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_HIDESSID, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_HIDESSID, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211apbridge(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_APBRIDGE, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_APBRIDGE, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211fastframes(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_FF, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_FF, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211dturbo(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_TURBOP, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_TURBOP, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1131,7 +1123,6 @@
 {
 	struct ieee80211req_chanlist chanlist;
 	char *temp, *cp, *tp;
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
 
 	temp = malloc(strlen(val) + 1);
 	if (temp == NULL)
@@ -1175,16 +1166,13 @@
 			break;
 		cp = tp;
 	}
-	set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_CHANLIST, 0, sizeof(chanlist), &chanlist);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_CHANLIST, 0, sizeof(chanlist), &chanlist);
 	free(temp);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211bssid(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
-
-
 	if (!isanyarg(val)) {
 		char *temp;
 		struct sockaddr_dl sdl;
@@ -1199,12 +1187,12 @@
 		free(temp);
 		if (sdl.sdl_alen != IEEE80211_ADDR_LEN)
 			errx(1, "malformed link-level address");
-		set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_BSSID, 0,
+		set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_BSSID, 0,
 			IEEE80211_ADDR_LEN, LLADDR(&sdl));
 	} else {
 		uint8_t zerobssid[IEEE80211_ADDR_LEN];
 		memset(zerobssid, 0, sizeof(zerobssid));
-		set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_BSSID, 0,
+		set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_BSSID, 0,
 			IEEE80211_ADDR_LEN, zerobssid);
 	}
 }
@@ -1226,92 +1214,92 @@
 static void
 set80211cwmin(if_ctx *ctx, const char *ac, const char *val)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_CWMIN, atoi(val), getac(ac), NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_CWMIN, atoi(val), getac(ac), NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211cwmax(if_ctx *ctx, const char *ac, const char *val)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_CWMAX, atoi(val), getac(ac), NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_CWMAX, atoi(val), getac(ac), NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211aifs(if_ctx *ctx, const char *ac, const char *val)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_AIFS, atoi(val), getac(ac), NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_AIFS, atoi(val), getac(ac), NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211txoplimit(if_ctx *ctx, const char *ac, const char *val)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_TXOPLIMIT, atoi(val), getac(ac), NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_TXOPLIMIT, atoi(val), getac(ac), NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211acm(if_ctx *ctx, const char *ac, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_ACM, 1, getac(ac), NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_ACM, 1, getac(ac), NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211noacm(if_ctx *ctx, const char *ac, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_ACM, 0, getac(ac), NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_ACM, 0, getac(ac), NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211ackpolicy(if_ctx *ctx, const char *ac, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_ACKPOLICY, 1, getac(ac), NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_ACKPOLICY, 1, getac(ac), NULL);
 }
 static void
 set80211noackpolicy(if_ctx *ctx, const char *ac, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_ACKPOLICY, 0, getac(ac), NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_ACKPOLICY, 0, getac(ac), NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211bsscwmin(if_ctx *ctx, const char *ac, const char *val)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_CWMIN, atoi(val),
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_CWMIN, atoi(val),
 		getac(ac)|IEEE80211_WMEPARAM_BSS, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211bsscwmax(if_ctx *ctx, const char *ac, const char *val)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_CWMAX, atoi(val),
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_CWMAX, atoi(val),
 		getac(ac)|IEEE80211_WMEPARAM_BSS, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211bssaifs(if_ctx *ctx, const char *ac, const char *val)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_AIFS, atoi(val),
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_AIFS, atoi(val),
 		getac(ac)|IEEE80211_WMEPARAM_BSS, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211bsstxoplimit(if_ctx *ctx, const char *ac, const char *val)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_TXOPLIMIT, atoi(val),
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_TXOPLIMIT, atoi(val),
 		getac(ac)|IEEE80211_WMEPARAM_BSS, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211dtimperiod(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_DTIM_PERIOD, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_DTIM_PERIOD, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211bintval(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_BEACON_INTERVAL, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_BEACON_INTERVAL, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
-set80211macmac(int s, int op, const char *val)
+set80211macmac(if_ctx *ctx, int op, const char *val)
 {
 	char *temp;
 	struct sockaddr_dl sdl;
@@ -1326,19 +1314,19 @@
 	free(temp);
 	if (sdl.sdl_alen != IEEE80211_ADDR_LEN)
 		errx(1, "malformed link-level address");
-	set80211(s, op, 0, IEEE80211_ADDR_LEN, LLADDR(&sdl));
+	set80211(ctx, op, 0, IEEE80211_ADDR_LEN, LLADDR(&sdl));
 }
 
 static void
 set80211addmac(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211macmac(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_ADDMAC, val);
+	set80211macmac(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_ADDMAC, val);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211delmac(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211macmac(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_DELMAC, val);
+	set80211macmac(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_DELMAC, val);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1362,17 +1350,17 @@
 	mlme.im_op = IEEE80211_MLME_DEAUTH;
 	mlme.im_reason = IEEE80211_REASON_AUTH_EXPIRE;
 	memcpy(mlme.im_macaddr, LLADDR(&sdl), IEEE80211_ADDR_LEN);
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_MLME, 0, sizeof(mlme), &mlme);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_MLME, 0, sizeof(mlme), &mlme);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211maccmd(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_MACCMD, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_MACCMD, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
-set80211meshrtmac(int s, int req, const char *val)
+set80211meshrtmac(if_ctx *ctx, int req, const char *val)
 {
 	char *temp;
 	struct sockaddr_dl sdl;
@@ -1387,26 +1375,26 @@
 	free(temp);
 	if (sdl.sdl_alen != IEEE80211_ADDR_LEN)
 		errx(1, "malformed link-level address");
-	set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_RTCMD, req,
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_RTCMD, req,
 	    IEEE80211_ADDR_LEN, LLADDR(&sdl));
 }
 
 static void
 set80211addmeshrt(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211meshrtmac(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_MESH_RTCMD_ADD, val);
+	set80211meshrtmac(ctx, IEEE80211_MESH_RTCMD_ADD, val);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211delmeshrt(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211meshrtmac(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_MESH_RTCMD_DELETE, val);
+	set80211meshrtmac(ctx, IEEE80211_MESH_RTCMD_DELETE, val);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211meshrtcmd(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_RTCMD, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_RTCMD, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1422,73 +1410,73 @@
 		mode = IEEE80211_HWMP_ROOTMODE_RANN;
 	else
 		mode = IEEE80211_HWMP_ROOTMODE_DISABLED;
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_HWMP_ROOTMODE, mode, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_HWMP_ROOTMODE, mode, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211hwmpmaxhops(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_HWMP_MAXHOPS, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_HWMP_MAXHOPS, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211pureg(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_PUREG, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_PUREG, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211quiet(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_QUIET, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_QUIET, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211quietperiod(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_QUIET_PERIOD, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_QUIET_PERIOD, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211quietcount(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_QUIET_COUNT, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_QUIET_COUNT, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211quietduration(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_QUIET_DUR, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_QUIET_DUR, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211quietoffset(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_QUIET_OFFSET, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_QUIET_OFFSET, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211bgscan(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_BGSCAN, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_BGSCAN, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211bgscanidle(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_BGSCAN_IDLE, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_BGSCAN_IDLE, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211bgscanintvl(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_BGSCAN_INTERVAL, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_BGSCAN_INTERVAL, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211scanvalid(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_SCANVALID, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_SCANVALID, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1632,15 +1620,14 @@
 {
 	double v = atof(val);
 	int rssi, flags;
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
 
 	rssi = (int) (2*v);
 	if (rssi != 2*v)
 		errx(-1, "invalid rssi (must be .5 dBm units)");
 	flags = getmodeflags(val);
-	getroam(s);
+	getroam(ctx);
 	if (flags == 0) {		/* NB: no flags => current channel */
-		flags = getcurchan(s)->ic_flags;
+		flags = getcurchan(ctx)->ic_flags;
 		_APPLY1(flags, roamparams, rssi, rssi);
 	} else
 		_APPLY(flags, roamparams, rssi, rssi);
@@ -1663,13 +1650,12 @@
 set80211roamrate(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
 	int rate, flags;
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
 
 	rate = getrate(val, "roam");
 	flags = getmodeflags(val);
-	getroam(s);
+	getroam(ctx);
 	if (flags == 0) {		/* NB: no flags => current channel */
-		flags = getcurchan(s)->ic_flags;
+		flags = getcurchan(ctx)->ic_flags;
 		_APPLY_RATE1(flags, roamparams, rate, rate);
 	} else
 		_APPLY_RATE(flags, roamparams, rate, rate);
@@ -1680,13 +1666,12 @@
 set80211mcastrate(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
 	int rate, flags;
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
 
 	rate = getrate(val, "mcast");
 	flags = getmodeflags(val);
-	gettxparams(s);
+	gettxparams(ctx);
 	if (flags == 0) {		/* NB: no flags => current channel */
-		flags = getcurchan(s)->ic_flags;
+		flags = getcurchan(ctx)->ic_flags;
 		_APPLY_RATE1(flags, txparams, mcastrate, rate);
 	} else
 		_APPLY_RATE(flags, txparams, mcastrate, rate);
@@ -1697,13 +1682,12 @@
 set80211mgtrate(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
 	int rate, flags;
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
 
 	rate = getrate(val, "mgmt");
 	flags = getmodeflags(val);
-	gettxparams(s);
+	gettxparams(ctx);
 	if (flags == 0) {		/* NB: no flags => current channel */
-		flags = getcurchan(s)->ic_flags;
+		flags = getcurchan(ctx)->ic_flags;
 		_APPLY_RATE1(flags, txparams, mgmtrate, rate);
 	} else
 		_APPLY_RATE(flags, txparams, mgmtrate, rate);
@@ -1714,13 +1698,12 @@
 set80211ucastrate(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
 	int flags;
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
 
-	gettxparams(s);
+	gettxparams(ctx);
 	flags = getmodeflags(val);
 	if (isanyarg(val)) {
 		if (flags == 0) {	/* NB: no flags => current channel */
-			flags = getcurchan(s)->ic_flags;
+			flags = getcurchan(ctx)->ic_flags;
 			_APPLY1(flags, txparams, ucastrate,
 			    IEEE80211_FIXED_RATE_NONE);
 		} else
@@ -1729,7 +1712,7 @@
 	} else {
 		int rate = getrate(val, "ucast");
 		if (flags == 0) {	/* NB: no flags => current channel */
-			flags = getcurchan(s)->ic_flags;
+			flags = getcurchan(ctx)->ic_flags;
 			_APPLY_RATE1(flags, txparams, ucastrate, rate);
 		} else
 			_APPLY_RATE(flags, txparams, ucastrate, rate);
@@ -1741,12 +1724,11 @@
 set80211maxretry(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
 	int v = atoi(val), flags;
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
 
 	flags = getmodeflags(val);
-	gettxparams(s);
+	gettxparams(ctx);
 	if (flags == 0) {		/* NB: no flags => current channel */
-		flags = getcurchan(s)->ic_flags;
+		flags = getcurchan(ctx)->ic_flags;
 		_APPLY1(flags, txparams, maxretry, v);
 	} else
 		_APPLY(flags, txparams, maxretry, v);
@@ -1758,39 +1740,39 @@
 static void
 set80211fragthreshold(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_FRAGTHRESHOLD,
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_FRAGTHRESHOLD,
 		isundefarg(val) ? IEEE80211_FRAG_MAX : atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211bmissthreshold(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_BMISSTHRESHOLD,
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_BMISSTHRESHOLD,
 		isundefarg(val) ? IEEE80211_HWBMISS_MAX : atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211burst(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_BURST, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_BURST, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211doth(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_DOTH, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_DOTH, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211dfs(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_DFS, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_DFS, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211shortgi(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_SHORTGI,
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_SHORTGI,
 		d ? (IEEE80211_HTCAP_SHORTGI20 | IEEE80211_HTCAP_SHORTGI40) : 0,
 		0, NULL);
 }
@@ -1800,54 +1782,51 @@
 set80211ampdu(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
 	int ampdu;
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
 
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_AMPDU, &ampdu) < 0)
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_AMPDU, &ampdu) < 0)
 		errx(-1, "cannot set AMPDU setting");
 	if (d < 0) {
 		d = -d;
 		ampdu &= ~d;
 	} else
 		ampdu |= d;
-	set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_AMPDU, ampdu, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_AMPDU, ampdu, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211stbc(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
 	int stbc;
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
 
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_STBC, &stbc) < 0)
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_STBC, &stbc) < 0)
 		errx(-1, "cannot set STBC setting");
 	if (d < 0) {
 		d = -d;
 		stbc &= ~d;
 	} else
 		stbc |= d;
-	set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_STBC, stbc, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_STBC, stbc, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211ldpc(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
         int ldpc;
  
-        if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_LDPC, &ldpc) < 0)
+        if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_LDPC, &ldpc) < 0)
                 errx(-1, "cannot set LDPC setting");
         if (d < 0) {
                 d = -d;
                 ldpc &= ~d;
         } else
                 ldpc |= d;
-        set80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_LDPC, ldpc, 0, NULL);
+        set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_LDPC, ldpc, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211uapsd(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_UAPSD, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_UAPSD, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1875,7 +1854,7 @@
 	default:
 		errx(-1, "invalid A-MPDU limit %s", val);
 	}
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_AMPDU_LIMIT, v, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_AMPDU_LIMIT, v, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 /* XXX 11ac density/size is different */
@@ -1914,7 +1893,7 @@
 	default:
 		errx(-1, "invalid A-MPDU density %s", val);
 	}
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_AMPDU_DENSITY, v, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_AMPDU_DENSITY, v, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1922,83 +1901,81 @@
 {
 	int amsdu;
 
-	if (get80211val(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_AMSDU, &amsdu) < 0)
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_AMSDU, &amsdu) < 0)
 		err(-1, "cannot get AMSDU setting");
 	if (d < 0) {
 		d = -d;
 		amsdu &= ~d;
 	} else
 		amsdu |= d;
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_AMSDU, amsdu, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_AMSDU, amsdu, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211amsdulimit(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_AMSDU_LIMIT, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_AMSDU_LIMIT, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211puren(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_PUREN, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_PUREN, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211htcompat(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_HTCOMPAT, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_HTCOMPAT, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211htconf(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_HTCONF, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_HTCONF, d, 0, NULL);
 	htconf = d;
 }
 
 static void
 set80211dwds(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_DWDS, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_DWDS, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211inact(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_INACTIVITY, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_INACTIVITY, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211tsn(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_TSN, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_TSN, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211dotd(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_DOTD, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_DOTD, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211smps(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_SMPS, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_SMPS, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211rifs(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_RIFS, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_RIFS, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211vhtconf(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
-
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_VHTCONF, &vhtconf) < 0)
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_VHTCONF, &vhtconf) < 0)
 		errx(-1, "cannot set VHT setting");
 	printf("%s: vhtconf=0x%08x, d=%d\n", __func__, vhtconf, d);
 	if (d < 0) {
@@ -2007,55 +1984,55 @@
 	} else
 		vhtconf |= d;
 	printf("%s: vhtconf is now 0x%08x\n", __func__, vhtconf);
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_VHTCONF, vhtconf, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_VHTCONF, vhtconf, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211tdmaslot(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_TDMA_SLOT, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_TDMA_SLOT, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211tdmaslotcnt(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_TDMA_SLOTCNT, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_TDMA_SLOTCNT, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211tdmaslotlen(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_TDMA_SLOTLEN, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_TDMA_SLOTLEN, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211tdmabintval(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_TDMA_BINTERVAL, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_TDMA_BINTERVAL, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211meshttl(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_TTL, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_TTL, atoi(val), 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211meshforward(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_FWRD, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_FWRD, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211meshgate(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_GATE, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_GATE, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
 set80211meshpeering(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_AP, d, 0, NULL);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_AP, d, 0, NULL);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -2064,7 +2041,7 @@
 	char v[12];
 	
 	memcpy(v, val, sizeof(v));
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_PR_METRIC, 0, 0, v);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_PR_METRIC, 0, 0, v);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -2073,7 +2050,7 @@
 	char v[12];
 	
 	memcpy(v, val, sizeof(v));
-	set80211(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_PR_PATH, 0, 0, v);
+	set80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_PR_PATH, 0, 0, v);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -2530,7 +2507,7 @@
 		if (eptr == val || rd == NULL)
 			errx(1, "unknown regdomain %s", val);
 	}
-	getregdomain(ctx->io_s);
+	getregdomain(ctx);
 	regdomain.regdomain = rd->sku;
 	if (regdomain.country == 0 && rd->cc != NULL) {
 		/*
@@ -2558,7 +2535,7 @@
 		if (eptr == val || cc == NULL)
 			errx(1, "unknown ISO country code %s", val);
 	}
-	getregdomain(ctx->io_s);
+	getregdomain(ctx);
 	regdomain.regdomain = cc->rd->sku;
 	regdomain.country = cc->code;
 	regdomain.isocc[0] = cc->isoname[0];
@@ -2569,7 +2546,7 @@
 static void
 set80211location(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	getregdomain(ctx->io_s);
+	getregdomain(ctx);
 	regdomain.location = d;
 	callback_register(setregdomain_cb, &regdomain);
 }
@@ -2577,7 +2554,7 @@
 static void
 set80211ecm(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	getregdomain(ctx->io_s);
+	getregdomain(ctx);
 	regdomain.ecm = d;
 	callback_register(setregdomain_cb, &regdomain);
 }
@@ -3758,12 +3735,12 @@
 	const uint8_t *cp;
 	int len, idlen;
 
-	if (get80211len(ctx->io_s, IEEE80211_IOC_SCAN_RESULTS, buf, sizeof(buf), &len) < 0)
+	if (get80211len(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_SCAN_RESULTS, buf, sizeof(buf), &len) < 0)
 		errx(1, "unable to get scan results");
 	if (len < (int)sizeof(struct ieee80211req_scan_result))
 		return;
 
-	getchaninfo(ctx->io_s);
+	getchaninfo(ctx);
 
 	printf("%-*.*s  %-17.17s  %4s %4s   %-7s  %3s %4s\n"
 		, IEEE80211_NWID_LEN, IEEE80211_NWID_LEN, "SSID/MESH ID"
@@ -3808,7 +3785,7 @@
 }
 
 static void
-scan_and_wait(int s)
+scan_and_wait(if_ctx *ctx)
 {
 	struct ieee80211_scan_req sr;
 	struct ieee80211req ireq;
@@ -3819,8 +3796,8 @@
 		perror("socket(PF_ROUTE,SOCK_RAW)");
 		return;
 	}
-	(void) memset(&ireq, 0, sizeof(ireq));
-	(void) strlcpy(ireq.i_name, name, sizeof(ireq.i_name));
+	memset(&ireq, 0, sizeof(ireq));
+	strlcpy(ireq.i_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ireq.i_name));
 	ireq.i_type = IEEE80211_IOC_SCAN_REQ;
 
 	memset(&sr, 0, sizeof(sr));
@@ -3838,7 +3815,7 @@
 	 * possible errors from net80211, even if no new scan could be
 	 * started there might still be a valid scan cache.
 	 */
-	if (ioctl(s, SIOCS80211, &ireq) == 0) {
+	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, SIOCS80211, &ireq) == 0) {
 		char buf[2048];
 		struct if_announcemsghdr *ifan;
 		struct rt_msghdr *rtm;
@@ -3861,11 +3838,11 @@
 static void
 set80211scan(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	scan_and_wait(ctx->io_s);
+	scan_and_wait(ctx);
 	list_scan(ctx);
 }
 
-static enum ieee80211_opmode get80211opmode(int s);
+static enum ieee80211_opmode get80211opmode(if_ctx *ctx);
 
 static int
 gettxseq(const struct ieee80211req_sta_info *si)
@@ -3904,8 +3881,7 @@
 		struct ieee80211req_sta_req req;
 		uint8_t buf[24*1024];
 	} u;
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
-	enum ieee80211_opmode opmode = get80211opmode(s);
+	enum ieee80211_opmode opmode = get80211opmode(ctx);
 	const uint8_t *cp;
 	int len;
 
@@ -3915,15 +3891,15 @@
 		/*
 		 * Get information about the associated AP.
 		 */
-		(void) get80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_BSSID,
+		(void) get80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_BSSID,
 		    u.req.is_u.macaddr, IEEE80211_ADDR_LEN);
 	}
-	if (get80211len(s, IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO, &u, sizeof(u), &len) < 0)
+	if (get80211len(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO, &u, sizeof(u), &len) < 0)
 		errx(1, "unable to get station information");
 	if (len < (int)sizeof(struct ieee80211req_sta_info))
 		return;
 
-	getchaninfo(s);
+	getchaninfo(ctx);
 
 	if (opmode == IEEE80211_M_MBSS)
 		printf("%-17.17s %4s %5s %5s %7s %4s %4s %4s %6s %6s\n"
@@ -4126,7 +4102,7 @@
 }
 
 static void
-print_channels(int s, const struct ieee80211req_chaninfo *chans,
+print_channels(if_ctx *ctx, const struct ieee80211req_chaninfo *chans,
 	int allchans, int verb)
 {
 	struct ieee80211req_chaninfo *achans;
@@ -4142,7 +4118,7 @@
 	if (!allchans) {
 		struct ieee80211req_chanlist active;
 
-		if (get80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_CHANLIST, &active, sizeof(active)) < 0)
+		if (get80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_CHANLIST, &active, sizeof(active)) < 0)
 			errx(1, "unable to get active channel list");
 		for (i = 0; i < chans->ic_nchans; i++) {
 			c = &chans->ic_chans[i];
@@ -4197,8 +4173,8 @@
 static void
 list_channels(if_ctx *ctx, int allchans)
 {
-	getchaninfo(ctx->io_s);
-	print_channels(ctx->io_s, chaninfo, allchans, ctx->args->verbose);
+	getchaninfo(ctx);
+	print_channels(ctx, chaninfo, allchans, ctx->args->verbose);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -4228,7 +4204,7 @@
 	struct ieee80211_channel *c, *prev;
 	unsigned int i, half;
 
-	getchaninfo(ctx->io_s);
+	getchaninfo(ctx);
 	achans = malloc(IEEE80211_CHANINFO_SPACE(chaninfo));
 	if (achans == NULL)
 		errx(1, "no space for active channel list");
@@ -4282,7 +4258,6 @@
 {
 	struct ieee80211_devcaps_req *dc;
 	const int verbose = ctx->args->verbose;
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
 
 	if (verbose)
 		dc = malloc(IEEE80211_DEVCAPS_SIZE(MAXCHAN));
@@ -4291,7 +4266,7 @@
 	if (dc == NULL)
 		errx(1, "no space for device capabilities");
 	dc->dc_chaninfo.ic_nchans = verbose ? MAXCHAN : 1;
-	getdevcaps(s, dc);
+	getdevcaps(ctx, dc);
 	printb("drivercaps", dc->dc_drivercaps, IEEE80211_C_BITS);
 	if (dc->dc_cryptocaps != 0 || verbose) {
 		putchar('\n');
@@ -4309,21 +4284,20 @@
 	putchar('\n');
 	if (verbose) {
 		chaninfo = &dc->dc_chaninfo;	/* XXX */
-		print_channels(s, &dc->dc_chaninfo, 1/*allchans*/, verbose);
+		print_channels(ctx, &dc->dc_chaninfo, 1/*allchans*/, verbose);
 	}
 	free(dc);
 }
 
 static int
-get80211wme(int s, int param, int ac, int *val)
+get80211wme(if_ctx *ctx, int param, int ac, int *val)
 {
-	struct ieee80211req ireq;
+	struct ieee80211req ireq = {};
 
-	(void) memset(&ireq, 0, sizeof(ireq));
-	(void) strlcpy(ireq.i_name, name, sizeof(ireq.i_name));
+	strlcpy(ireq.i_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ireq.i_name));
 	ireq.i_type = param;
 	ireq.i_len = ac;
-	if (ioctl(s, SIOCG80211, &ireq) < 0) {
+	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, SIOCG80211, &ireq) < 0) {
 		warn("cannot get WME parameter %d, ac %d%s",
 		    param, ac & IEEE80211_WMEPARAM_VAL,
 		    ac & IEEE80211_WMEPARAM_BSS ? " (BSS)" : "");
@@ -4337,20 +4311,19 @@
 list_wme_aci(if_ctx *ctx, const char *tag, int ac)
 {
 	int val;
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
 
 	printf("\t%s", tag);
 
 	/* show WME BSS parameters */
-	if (get80211wme(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_CWMIN, ac, &val) != -1)
+	if (get80211wme(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_CWMIN, ac, &val) != -1)
 		printf(" cwmin %2u", val);
-	if (get80211wme(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_CWMAX, ac, &val) != -1)
+	if (get80211wme(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_CWMAX, ac, &val) != -1)
 		printf(" cwmax %2u", val);
-	if (get80211wme(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_AIFS, ac, &val) != -1)
+	if (get80211wme(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_AIFS, ac, &val) != -1)
 		printf(" aifs %2u", val);
-	if (get80211wme(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_TXOPLIMIT, ac, &val) != -1)
+	if (get80211wme(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_TXOPLIMIT, ac, &val) != -1)
 		printf(" txopLimit %3u", val);
-	if (get80211wme(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_ACM, ac, &val) != -1) {
+	if (get80211wme(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_ACM, ac, &val) != -1) {
 		if (val)
 			printf(" acm");
 		else if (ctx->args->verbose)
@@ -4358,7 +4331,7 @@
 	}
 	/* !BSS only */
 	if ((ac & IEEE80211_WMEPARAM_BSS) == 0) {
-		if (get80211wme(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_ACKPOLICY, ac, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211wme(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME_ACKPOLICY, ac, &val) != -1) {
 			if (!val)
 				printf(" -ack");
 			else if (ctx->args->verbose)
@@ -4396,12 +4369,12 @@
 }
 
 static void
-list_roam(int s)
+list_roam(if_ctx *ctx)
 {
 	const struct ieee80211_roamparam *rp;
 	int mode;
 
-	getroam(s);
+	getroam(ctx);
 	for (mode = IEEE80211_MODE_11A; mode < IEEE80211_MODE_MAX; mode++) {
 		rp = &roamparams.params[mode];
 		if (rp->rssi == 0 && rp->rate == 0)
@@ -4445,12 +4418,12 @@
 }
 
 static void
-list_txparams(int s)
+list_txparams(if_ctx *ctx)
 {
 	const struct ieee80211_txparam *tp;
 	int mode;
 
-	gettxparams(s);
+	gettxparams(ctx);
 	for (mode = IEEE80211_MODE_11A; mode < IEEE80211_MODE_MAX; mode++) {
 		tp = &txparams.params[mode];
 		if (tp->mgmtrate == 0 && tp->mcastrate == 0)
@@ -4520,14 +4493,13 @@
 static void
 list_mac(if_ctx *ctx)
 {
-	struct ieee80211req ireq;
+	struct ieee80211req ireq = {};
 	struct ieee80211req_maclist *acllist;
 	int i, nacls, policy, len;
 	uint8_t *data;
 	char c;
 
-	(void) memset(&ireq, 0, sizeof(ireq));
-	(void) strlcpy(ireq.i_name, name, sizeof(ireq.i_name)); /* XXX ?? */
+	strlcpy(ireq.i_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ireq.i_name)); /* XXX ?? */
 	ireq.i_type = IEEE80211_IOC_MACCMD;
 	ireq.i_val = IEEE80211_MACCMD_POLICY;
 	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, SIOCG80211, &ireq) < 0) {
@@ -4614,33 +4586,30 @@
 static void
 list_regdomain(if_ctx *ctx, int channelsalso)
 {
-	int s = ctx->io_s;
-
-	getregdomain(s);
+	getregdomain(ctx);
 	if (channelsalso) {
-		getchaninfo(s);
+		getchaninfo(ctx);
 		spacer = ':';
 		print_regdomain(&regdomain, 1);
 		LINE_BREAK();
-		print_channels(s, chaninfo, 1/*allchans*/, 1/*verbose*/);
+		print_channels(ctx, chaninfo, 1/*allchans*/, 1/*verbose*/);
 	} else
 		print_regdomain(&regdomain, ctx->args->verbose);
 }
 
 static void
-list_mesh(int s)
+list_mesh(if_ctx *ctx)
 {
-	struct ieee80211req ireq;
+	struct ieee80211req ireq = {};
 	struct ieee80211req_mesh_route routes[128];
 	struct ieee80211req_mesh_route *rt;
 
-	(void) memset(&ireq, 0, sizeof(ireq));
-	(void) strlcpy(ireq.i_name, name, sizeof(ireq.i_name));
+	strlcpy(ireq.i_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ireq.i_name));
 	ireq.i_type = IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_RTCMD;
 	ireq.i_val = IEEE80211_MESH_RTCMD_LIST;
 	ireq.i_data = &routes;
 	ireq.i_len = sizeof(routes);
-	if (ioctl(s, SIOCG80211, &ireq) < 0)
+	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, SIOCG80211, &ireq) < 0)
 	 	err(1, "unable to get the Mesh routing table");
 
 	printf("%-17.17s %-17.17s %4s %4s %4s %6s %s\n"
@@ -4698,30 +4667,29 @@
 	else if (iseq(arg, "txpow"))
 		list_txpow(ctx);
 	else if (iseq(arg, "roam"))
-		list_roam(s);
+		list_roam(ctx);
 	else if (iseq(arg, "txparam") || iseq(arg, "txparm"))
-		list_txparams(s);
+		list_txparams(ctx);
 	else if (iseq(arg, "regdomain"))
 		list_regdomain(ctx, 1);
 	else if (iseq(arg, "countries"))
 		list_countries();
 	else if (iseq(arg, "mesh"))
-		list_mesh(s);
+		list_mesh(ctx);
 	else
-		errx(1, "Don't know how to list %s for %s", arg, name);
+		errx(1, "Don't know how to list %s for %s", arg, ctx->ifname);
 	LINE_BREAK();
 #undef iseq
 }
 
 static enum ieee80211_opmode
-get80211opmode(int s)
+get80211opmode(if_ctx *ctx)
 {
-	struct ifmediareq ifmr;
+	struct ifmediareq ifmr = {};
 
-	(void) memset(&ifmr, 0, sizeof(ifmr));
-	(void) strlcpy(ifmr.ifm_name, name, sizeof(ifmr.ifm_name));
+	strlcpy(ifmr.ifm_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ifmr.ifm_name));
 
-	if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFMEDIA, (caddr_t)&ifmr) >= 0) {
+	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, SIOCGIFMEDIA, (caddr_t)&ifmr) >= 0) {
 		if (ifmr.ifm_current & IFM_IEEE80211_ADHOC) {
 			if (ifmr.ifm_current & IFM_FLAG0)
 				return IEEE80211_M_AHDEMO;
@@ -4862,34 +4830,32 @@
 }
 
 static int
-getid(int s, int ix, void *data, size_t len, int *plen, int mesh)
+getid(if_ctx *ctx, int ix, void *data, size_t len, int *plen, int mesh)
 {
-	struct ieee80211req ireq;
+	struct ieee80211req ireq = {};
 
-	(void) memset(&ireq, 0, sizeof(ireq));
-	(void) strlcpy(ireq.i_name, name, sizeof(ireq.i_name));
+	strlcpy(ireq.i_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ireq.i_name));
 	ireq.i_type = (!mesh) ? IEEE80211_IOC_SSID : IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_ID;
 	ireq.i_val = ix;
 	ireq.i_data = data;
 	ireq.i_len = len;
-	if (ioctl(s, SIOCG80211, &ireq) < 0)
+	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, SIOCG80211, &ireq) < 0)
 		return -1;
 	*plen = ireq.i_len;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int
-getdevicename(int s, void *data, size_t len, int *plen)
+getdevicename(if_ctx *ctx, void *data, size_t len, int *plen)
 {
-	struct ieee80211req ireq;
+	struct ieee80211req ireq = {};
 
-	(void) memset(&ireq, 0, sizeof(ireq));
-	(void) strlcpy(ireq.i_name, name, sizeof(ireq.i_name));
+	strlcpy(ireq.i_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ireq.i_name));
 	ireq.i_type = IEEE80211_IOC_IC_NAME;
 	ireq.i_val = -1;
 	ireq.i_data = data;
 	ireq.i_len = len;
-	if (ioctl(s, SIOCG80211, &ireq) < 0)
+	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, SIOCG80211, &ireq) < 0)
 		return (-1);
 	*plen = ireq.i_len;
 	return (0);
@@ -4900,7 +4866,7 @@
 {
 	int s = ctx->io_s;
 	static const uint8_t zerobssid[IEEE80211_ADDR_LEN];
-	enum ieee80211_opmode opmode = get80211opmode(s);
+	enum ieee80211_opmode opmode = get80211opmode(ctx);
 	int i, num, wpa, wme, bgscan, bgscaninterval, val, len, wepmode;
 	uint8_t data[32];
 	const struct ieee80211_channel *c;
@@ -4908,7 +4874,7 @@
 	const struct ieee80211_txparam *tp;
 	const int verbose = ctx->args->verbose;
 
-	if (getid(s, -1, data, sizeof(data), &len, 0) < 0) {
+	if (getid(ctx, -1, data, sizeof(data), &len, 0) < 0) {
 		/* If we can't get the SSID, this isn't an 802.11 device. */
 		return;
 	}
@@ -4926,15 +4892,15 @@
 	printf("\t");
 	if (opmode == IEEE80211_M_MBSS) {
 		printf("meshid ");
-		getid(s, 0, data, sizeof(data), &len, 1);
+		getid(ctx, 0, data, sizeof(data), &len, 1);
 		print_string(data, len);
 	} else {
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_NUMSSIDS, &num) < 0)
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_NUMSSIDS, &num) < 0)
 			num = 0;
 		printf("ssid ");
 		if (num > 1) {
 			for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
-				if (getid(s, i, data, sizeof(data), &len, 0) >= 0 && len > 0) {
+				if (getid(ctx, i, data, sizeof(data), &len, 0) >= 0 && len > 0) {
 					printf(" %d:", i + 1);
 					print_string(data, len);
 				}
@@ -4942,7 +4908,7 @@
 		} else
 			print_string(data, len);
 	}
-	c = getcurchan(s);
+	c = getcurchan(ctx);
 	if (c->ic_freq != IEEE80211_CHAN_ANY) {
 		char buf[14];
 		printf(" channel %d (%u MHz%s)", c->ic_ieee, c->ic_freq,
@@ -4950,13 +4916,13 @@
 	} else if (verbose)
 		printf(" channel UNDEF");
 
-	if (get80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_BSSID, data, IEEE80211_ADDR_LEN) >= 0 &&
+	if (get80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_BSSID, data, IEEE80211_ADDR_LEN) >= 0 &&
 	    (memcmp(data, zerobssid, sizeof(zerobssid)) != 0 || verbose)) {
 		printf(" bssid %s", ether_ntoa((struct ether_addr *)data));
 		printbssidname((struct ether_addr *)data);
 	}
 
-	if (get80211len(s, IEEE80211_IOC_STATIONNAME, data, sizeof(data), &len) != -1) {
+	if (get80211len(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_STATIONNAME, data, sizeof(data), &len) != -1) {
 		printf("\n\tstationname ");
 		print_string(data, len);
 	}
@@ -4967,7 +4933,7 @@
 	list_regdomain(ctx, 0);
 
 	wpa = 0;
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_AUTHMODE, &val) != -1) {
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_AUTHMODE, &val) != -1) {
 		switch (val) {
 		case IEEE80211_AUTH_NONE:
 			LINE_CHECK("authmode NONE");
@@ -4982,7 +4948,7 @@
 			LINE_CHECK("authmode 802.1x");
 			break;
 		case IEEE80211_AUTH_WPA:
-			if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WPA, &wpa) < 0)
+			if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WPA, &wpa) < 0)
 				wpa = 1;	/* default to WPA1 */
 			switch (wpa) {
 			case 2:
@@ -5006,13 +4972,13 @@
 	}
 
 	if (wpa || verbose) {
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WPS, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WPS, &val) != -1) {
 			if (val)
 				LINE_CHECK("wps");
 			else if (verbose)
 				LINE_CHECK("-wps");
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_TSN, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_TSN, &val) != -1) {
 			if (val)
 				LINE_CHECK("tsn");
 			else if (verbose)
@@ -5057,7 +5023,7 @@
 #endif
 	}
 
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WEP, &wepmode) != -1 &&
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WEP, &wepmode) != -1 &&
 	    wepmode != IEEE80211_WEP_NOSUP) {
 
 		switch (wepmode) {
@@ -5080,7 +5046,7 @@
 		 * to print WEP status.
 		 */
 
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WEPTXKEY, &val) < 0) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WEPTXKEY, &val) < 0) {
 			warn("WEP support, but no tx key!");
 			goto end;
 		}
@@ -5089,7 +5055,7 @@
 		else if (wepmode != IEEE80211_WEP_OFF || verbose)
 			LINE_CHECK("deftxkey UNDEF");
 
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_NUMWEPKEYS, &num) < 0) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_NUMWEPKEYS, &num) < 0) {
 			warn("WEP support, but no NUMWEPKEYS support!");
 			goto end;
 		}
@@ -5099,7 +5065,7 @@
 
 			memset(&ik, 0, sizeof(ik));
 			ik.ik_keyix = i;
-			if (get80211(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WPAKEY, &ik, sizeof(ik)) < 0) {
+			if (get80211(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WPAKEY, &ik, sizeof(ik)) < 0) {
 				warn("WEP support, but can get keys!");
 				goto end;
 			}
@@ -5115,7 +5081,7 @@
 		;
 	}
 
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_POWERSAVE, &val) != -1 &&
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_POWERSAVE, &val) != -1 &&
 	    val != IEEE80211_POWERSAVE_NOSUP ) {
 		if (val != IEEE80211_POWERSAVE_OFF || verbose) {
 			switch (val) {
@@ -5132,47 +5098,47 @@
 				LINE_CHECK("powersavemode PSP-CAM");
 				break;
 			}
-			if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_POWERSAVESLEEP, &val) != -1)
+			if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_POWERSAVESLEEP, &val) != -1)
 				LINE_CHECK("powersavesleep %d", val);
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_TXPOWER, &val) != -1) {
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_TXPOWER, &val) != -1) {
 		if (val & 1)
 			LINE_CHECK("txpower %d.5", val/2);
 		else
 			LINE_CHECK("txpower %d", val/2);
 	}
 	if (verbose) {
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_TXPOWMAX, &val) != -1)
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_TXPOWMAX, &val) != -1)
 			LINE_CHECK("txpowmax %.1f", val/2.);
 	}
 
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_DOTD, &val) != -1) {
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_DOTD, &val) != -1) {
 		if (val)
 			LINE_CHECK("dotd");
 		else if (verbose)
 			LINE_CHECK("-dotd");
 	}
 
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_RTSTHRESHOLD, &val) != -1) {
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_RTSTHRESHOLD, &val) != -1) {
 		if (val != IEEE80211_RTS_MAX || verbose)
 			LINE_CHECK("rtsthreshold %d", val);
 	}
 
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_FRAGTHRESHOLD, &val) != -1) {
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_FRAGTHRESHOLD, &val) != -1) {
 		if (val != IEEE80211_FRAG_MAX || verbose)
 			LINE_CHECK("fragthreshold %d", val);
 	}
 	if (opmode == IEEE80211_M_STA || verbose) {
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_BMISSTHRESHOLD, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_BMISSTHRESHOLD, &val) != -1) {
 			if (val != IEEE80211_HWBMISS_MAX || verbose)
 				LINE_CHECK("bmiss %d", val);
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (!verbose) {
-		gettxparams(s);
+		gettxparams(ctx);
 		tp = &txparams.params[chan2mode(c)];
 		printrate("ucastrate", tp->ucastrate,
 		    IEEE80211_FIXED_RATE_NONE, IEEE80211_FIXED_RATE_NONE);
@@ -5184,19 +5150,19 @@
 			LINE_CHECK("maxretry %d", tp->maxretry);
 	} else {
 		LINE_BREAK();
-		list_txparams(s);
+		list_txparams(ctx);
 	}
 
 	bgscaninterval = -1;
-	(void) get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_BGSCAN_INTERVAL, &bgscaninterval);
+	(void) get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_BGSCAN_INTERVAL, &bgscaninterval);
 
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_SCANVALID, &val) != -1) {
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_SCANVALID, &val) != -1) {
 		if (val != bgscaninterval || verbose)
 			LINE_CHECK("scanvalid %u", val);
 	}
 
 	bgscan = 0;
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_BGSCAN, &bgscan) != -1) {
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_BGSCAN, &bgscan) != -1) {
 		if (bgscan)
 			LINE_CHECK("bgscan");
 		else if (verbose)
@@ -5205,10 +5171,10 @@
 	if (bgscan || verbose) {
 		if (bgscaninterval != -1)
 			LINE_CHECK("bgscanintvl %u", bgscaninterval);
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_BGSCAN_IDLE, &val) != -1)
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_BGSCAN_IDLE, &val) != -1)
 			LINE_CHECK("bgscanidle %u", val);
 		if (!verbose) {
-			getroam(s);
+			getroam(ctx);
 			rp = &roamparams.params[chan2mode(c)];
 			if (rp->rssi & 1)
 				LINE_CHECK("roam:rssi %u.5", rp->rssi/2);
@@ -5219,19 +5185,19 @@
 			    get_rate_value(rp->rate));
 		} else {
 			LINE_BREAK();
-			list_roam(s);
+			list_roam(ctx);
 			LINE_BREAK();
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (IEEE80211_IS_CHAN_ANYG(c) || verbose) {
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_PUREG, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_PUREG, &val) != -1) {
 			if (val)
 				LINE_CHECK("pureg");
 			else if (verbose)
 				LINE_CHECK("-pureg");
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_PROTMODE, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_PROTMODE, &val) != -1) {
 			switch (val) {
 			case IEEE80211_PROTMODE_OFF:
 				LINE_CHECK("protmode OFF");
@@ -5250,7 +5216,7 @@
 	}
 
 	if (IEEE80211_IS_CHAN_HT(c) || verbose) {
-		gethtconf(s);
+		gethtconf(ctx);
 		switch (htconf & 3) {
 		case 0:
 		case 2:
@@ -5264,13 +5230,13 @@
 				LINE_CHECK("ht");
 			break;
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_HTCOMPAT, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_HTCOMPAT, &val) != -1) {
 			if (!val)
 				LINE_CHECK("-htcompat");
 			else if (verbose)
 				LINE_CHECK("htcompat");
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_AMPDU, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_AMPDU, &val) != -1) {
 			switch (val) {
 			case 0:
 				LINE_CHECK("-ampdu");
@@ -5288,7 +5254,7 @@
 			}
 		}
 		/* XXX 11ac density/size is different */
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_AMPDU_LIMIT, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_AMPDU_LIMIT, &val) != -1) {
 			switch (val) {
 			case IEEE80211_HTCAP_MAXRXAMPDU_8K:
 				LINE_CHECK("ampdulimit 8k");
@@ -5305,7 +5271,7 @@
 			}
 		}
 		/* XXX 11ac density/size is different */
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_AMPDU_DENSITY, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_AMPDU_DENSITY, &val) != -1) {
 			switch (val) {
 			case IEEE80211_HTCAP_MPDUDENSITY_NA:
 				if (verbose)
@@ -5334,7 +5300,7 @@
 				break;
 			}
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_AMSDU, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_AMSDU, &val) != -1) {
 			switch (val) {
 			case 0:
 				LINE_CHECK("-amsdu");
@@ -5352,13 +5318,13 @@
 			}
 		}
 		/* XXX amsdu limit */
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_SHORTGI, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_SHORTGI, &val) != -1) {
 			if (val)
 				LINE_CHECK("shortgi");
 			else if (verbose)
 				LINE_CHECK("-shortgi");
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_HTPROTMODE, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_HTPROTMODE, &val) != -1) {
 			if (val == IEEE80211_PROTMODE_OFF)
 				LINE_CHECK("htprotmode OFF");
 			else if (val != IEEE80211_PROTMODE_RTSCTS)
@@ -5366,13 +5332,13 @@
 			else if (verbose)
 				LINE_CHECK("htprotmode RTSCTS");
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_PUREN, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_PUREN, &val) != -1) {
 			if (val)
 				LINE_CHECK("puren");
 			else if (verbose)
 				LINE_CHECK("-puren");
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_SMPS, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_SMPS, &val) != -1) {
 			if (val == IEEE80211_HTCAP_SMPS_DYNAMIC)
 				LINE_CHECK("smpsdyn");
 			else if (val == IEEE80211_HTCAP_SMPS_ENA)
@@ -5380,7 +5346,7 @@
 			else if (verbose)
 				LINE_CHECK("-smps");
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_RIFS, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_RIFS, &val) != -1) {
 			if (val)
 				LINE_CHECK("rifs");
 			else if (verbose)
@@ -5388,7 +5354,7 @@
 		}
 
 		/* XXX VHT STBC? */
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_STBC, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_STBC, &val) != -1) {
 			switch (val) {
 			case 0:
 				LINE_CHECK("-stbc");
@@ -5405,7 +5371,7 @@
 				break;
 			}
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_LDPC, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_LDPC, &val) != -1) {
 			switch (val) {
 			case 0:
 				LINE_CHECK("-ldpc");
@@ -5422,7 +5388,7 @@
 				break;
 			}
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_UAPSD, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_UAPSD, &val) != -1) {
 			switch (val) {
 			case 0:
 				LINE_CHECK("-uapsd");
@@ -5435,7 +5401,7 @@
 	}
 
 	if (IEEE80211_IS_CHAN_VHT(c) || verbose) {
-		getvhtconf(s);
+		getvhtconf(ctx);
 		if (vhtconf & IEEE80211_FVHT_VHT)
 			LINE_CHECK("vht");
 		else
@@ -5458,7 +5424,7 @@
 			LINE_CHECK("-vht80p80");
 	}
 
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_WME, &wme) != -1) {
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_WME, &wme) != -1) {
 		if (wme)
 			LINE_CHECK("wme");
 		else if (verbose)
@@ -5466,26 +5432,26 @@
 	} else
 		wme = 0;
 
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_BURST, &val) != -1) {
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_BURST, &val) != -1) {
 		if (val)
 			LINE_CHECK("burst");
 		else if (verbose)
 			LINE_CHECK("-burst");
 	}
 
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_FF, &val) != -1) {
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_FF, &val) != -1) {
 		if (val)
 			LINE_CHECK("ff");
 		else if (verbose)
 			LINE_CHECK("-ff");
 	}
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_TURBOP, &val) != -1) {
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_TURBOP, &val) != -1) {
 		if (val)
 			LINE_CHECK("dturbo");
 		else if (verbose)
 			LINE_CHECK("-dturbo");
 	}
-	if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_DWDS, &val) != -1) {
+	if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_DWDS, &val) != -1) {
 		if (val)
 			LINE_CHECK("dwds");
 		else if (verbose)
@@ -5493,41 +5459,41 @@
 	}
 
 	if (opmode == IEEE80211_M_HOSTAP) {
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_HIDESSID, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_HIDESSID, &val) != -1) {
 			if (val)
 				LINE_CHECK("hidessid");
 			else if (verbose)
 				LINE_CHECK("-hidessid");
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_APBRIDGE, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_APBRIDGE, &val) != -1) {
 			if (!val)
 				LINE_CHECK("-apbridge");
 			else if (verbose)
 				LINE_CHECK("apbridge");
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_DTIM_PERIOD, &val) != -1)
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_DTIM_PERIOD, &val) != -1)
 			LINE_CHECK("dtimperiod %u", val);
 
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_DOTH, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_DOTH, &val) != -1) {
 			if (!val)
 				LINE_CHECK("-doth");
 			else if (verbose)
 				LINE_CHECK("doth");
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_DFS, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_DFS, &val) != -1) {
 			if (!val)
 				LINE_CHECK("-dfs");
 			else if (verbose)
 				LINE_CHECK("dfs");
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_INACTIVITY, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_INACTIVITY, &val) != -1) {
 			if (!val)
 				LINE_CHECK("-inact");
 			else if (verbose)
 				LINE_CHECK("inact");
 		}
 	} else {
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_ROAMING, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_ROAMING, &val) != -1) {
 			if (val != IEEE80211_ROAMING_AUTO || verbose) {
 				switch (val) {
 				case IEEE80211_ROAMING_DEVICE:
@@ -5549,15 +5515,15 @@
 	}
 
 	if (opmode == IEEE80211_M_AHDEMO) {
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_TDMA_SLOT, &val) != -1)
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_TDMA_SLOT, &val) != -1)
 			LINE_CHECK("tdmaslot %u", val);
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_TDMA_SLOTCNT, &val) != -1)
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_TDMA_SLOTCNT, &val) != -1)
 			LINE_CHECK("tdmaslotcnt %u", val);
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_TDMA_SLOTLEN, &val) != -1)
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_TDMA_SLOTLEN, &val) != -1)
 			LINE_CHECK("tdmaslotlen %u", val);
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_TDMA_BINTERVAL, &val) != -1)
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_TDMA_BINTERVAL, &val) != -1)
 			LINE_CHECK("tdmabintval %u", val);
-	} else if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_BEACON_INTERVAL, &val) != -1) {
+	} else if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_BEACON_INTERVAL, &val) != -1) {
 		/* XXX default define not visible */
 		if (val != 100 || verbose)
 			LINE_CHECK("bintval %u", val);
@@ -5569,38 +5535,38 @@
 	}
 
 	if (opmode == IEEE80211_M_MBSS) {
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_TTL, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_TTL, &val) != -1) {
 			LINE_CHECK("meshttl %u", val);
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_AP, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_AP, &val) != -1) {
 			if (val)
 				LINE_CHECK("meshpeering");
 			else
 				LINE_CHECK("-meshpeering");
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_FWRD, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_FWRD, &val) != -1) {
 			if (val)
 				LINE_CHECK("meshforward");
 			else
 				LINE_CHECK("-meshforward");
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_GATE, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_GATE, &val) != -1) {
 			if (val)
 				LINE_CHECK("meshgate");
 			else
 				LINE_CHECK("-meshgate");
 		}
-		if (get80211len(s, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_PR_METRIC, data, 12,
+		if (get80211len(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_PR_METRIC, data, 12,
 		    &len) != -1) {
 			data[len] = '\0';
 			LINE_CHECK("meshmetric %s", data);
 		}
-		if (get80211len(s, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_PR_PATH, data, 12,
+		if (get80211len(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_MESH_PR_PATH, data, 12,
 		    &len) != -1) {
 			data[len] = '\0';
 			LINE_CHECK("meshpath %s", data);
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_HWMP_ROOTMODE, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_HWMP_ROOTMODE, &val) != -1) {
 			switch (val) {
 			case IEEE80211_HWMP_ROOTMODE_DISABLED:
 				LINE_CHECK("hwmprootmode DISABLED");
@@ -5619,14 +5585,14 @@
 				break;
 			}
 		}
-		if (get80211val(s, IEEE80211_IOC_HWMP_MAXHOPS, &val) != -1) {
+		if (get80211val(ctx, IEEE80211_IOC_HWMP_MAXHOPS, &val) != -1) {
 			LINE_CHECK("hwmpmaxhops %u", val);
 		}
 	}
 
 	LINE_BREAK();
 
-	if (getdevicename(s, data, sizeof(data), &len) < 0)
+	if (getdevicename(ctx, data, sizeof(data), &len) < 0)
 		return;
 	LINE_CHECK("parent interface: %s", data);
 
@@ -5634,32 +5600,32 @@
 }
 
 static int
-get80211(int s, int type, void *data, int len)
+get80211(if_ctx *ctx, int type, void *data, int len)
 {
 
-	return (lib80211_get80211(s, name, type, data, len));
+	return (lib80211_get80211(ctx->io_s, ctx->ifname, type, data, len));
 }
 
 static int
-get80211len(int s, int type, void *data, int len, int *plen)
+get80211len(if_ctx *ctx, int type, void *data, int len, int *plen)
 {
 
-	return (lib80211_get80211len(s, name, type, data, len, plen));
+	return (lib80211_get80211len(ctx->io_s, ctx->ifname, type, data, len, plen));
 }
 
 static int
-get80211val(int s, int type, int *val)
+get80211val(if_ctx *ctx, int type, int *val)
 {
 
-	return (lib80211_get80211val(s, name, type, val));
+	return (lib80211_get80211val(ctx->io_s, ctx->ifname, type, val));
 }
 
 static void
-set80211(int s, int type, int val, int len, void *data)
+set80211(if_ctx *ctx, int type, int val, int len, void *data)
 {
 	int ret;
 
-	ret = lib80211_set80211(s, name, type, val, len, data);
+	ret = lib80211_set80211(ctx->io_s, ctx->ifname, type, val, len, data);
 	if (ret < 0)
 		err(1, "SIOCS80211");
 }
@@ -5763,7 +5729,7 @@
 	    regdomain.country != CTRY_DEFAULT)
 		return;
 
-	getregdomain(ctx->io_s);
+	getregdomain(ctx);
 
 	/* Check if it was already set by the driver. */
 	if (regdomain.regdomain != 0 ||
@@ -5843,7 +5809,7 @@
 }
 
 static void
-set80211clone_wlanmode(if_ctx *ctx __unused, const char *arg, int dummy __unused)
+set80211clone_wlanmode(if_ctx *ctx, const char *arg, int dummy __unused)
 {
 #define	iseq(a,b)	(strncasecmp(a,b,sizeof(b)-1) == 0)
 	if (iseq(arg, "sta"))
@@ -5864,7 +5830,7 @@
 	} else if (iseq(arg, "mesh") || iseq(arg, "mp")) /* mesh point */
 		params.icp_opmode = IEEE80211_M_MBSS;
 	else
-		errx(1, "Don't know to create %s for %s", arg, name);
+		errx(1, "Don't know to create %s for %s", arg, ctx->ifname);
 #undef iseq
 }
 
diff --git a/sbin/ifconfig/ifipsec.c b/sbin/ifconfig/ifipsec.c
--- a/sbin/ifconfig/ifipsec.c
+++ b/sbin/ifconfig/ifipsec.c
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
 		warn("Invalid reqid value %s", val);
 		return;
 	}
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
 	ifr.ifr_data = (char *)&v;
 	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, IPSECSREQID, &ifr) == -1) {
 		warn("ioctl(IPSECSREQID)");
diff --git a/sbin/ifconfig/iflagg.c b/sbin/ifconfig/iflagg.c
--- a/sbin/ifconfig/iflagg.c
+++ b/sbin/ifconfig/iflagg.c
@@ -41,10 +41,9 @@
 static void
 setlaggport(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	struct lagg_reqport rp;
+	struct lagg_reqport rp = {};
 
-	bzero(&rp, sizeof(rp));
-	strlcpy(rp.rp_ifname, name, sizeof(rp.rp_ifname));
+	strlcpy(rp.rp_ifname, ctx->ifname, sizeof(rp.rp_ifname));
 	strlcpy(rp.rp_portname, val, sizeof(rp.rp_portname));
 
 	/*
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@
 	 */
 	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, SIOCSLAGGPORT, &rp) && errno != EEXIST) {
 		warnx("%s %s: SIOCSLAGGPORT: %s",
-		    name, val, strerror(errno));
+		    ctx->ifname, val, strerror(errno));
 		exit_code = 1;
 	}
 }
@@ -63,10 +62,9 @@
 static void
 unsetlaggport(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	struct lagg_reqport rp;
+	struct lagg_reqport rp = {};
 
-	bzero(&rp, sizeof(rp));
-	strlcpy(rp.rp_ifname, name, sizeof(rp.rp_ifname));
+	strlcpy(rp.rp_ifname, ctx->ifname, sizeof(rp.rp_ifname));
 	strlcpy(rp.rp_portname, val, sizeof(rp.rp_portname));
 
 	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, SIOCSLAGGDELPORT, &rp))
@@ -91,7 +89,7 @@
 	if (ra.ra_proto == LAGG_PROTO_MAX)
 		errx(1, "Invalid aggregation protocol: %s", val);
 
-	strlcpy(ra.ra_ifname, name, sizeof(ra.ra_ifname));
+	strlcpy(ra.ra_ifname, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ra.ra_ifname));
 	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, SIOCSLAGG, &ra) != 0)
 		err(1, "SIOCSLAGG");
 }
@@ -99,11 +97,10 @@
 static void
 setlaggflowidshift(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	struct lagg_reqopts ro;
+	struct lagg_reqopts ro = {};
 
-	bzero(&ro, sizeof(ro));
 	ro.ro_opts = LAGG_OPT_FLOWIDSHIFT;
-	strlcpy(ro.ro_ifname, name, sizeof(ro.ro_ifname));
+	strlcpy(ro.ro_ifname, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ro.ro_ifname));
 	ro.ro_flowid_shift = (int)strtol(val, NULL, 10);
 	if (ro.ro_flowid_shift & ~LAGG_OPT_FLOWIDSHIFT_MASK)
 		errx(1, "Invalid flowid_shift option: %s", val);
@@ -115,10 +112,9 @@
 static void
 setlaggrr_limit(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val, int dummy __unused)
 {
-	struct lagg_reqopts ro;
+	struct lagg_reqopts ro = {};
 	
-	bzero(&ro, sizeof(ro));
-	strlcpy(ro.ro_ifname, name, sizeof(ro.ro_ifname));
+	strlcpy(ro.ro_ifname, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ro.ro_ifname));
 	ro.ro_opts = LAGG_OPT_RR_LIMIT;
 	ro.ro_bkt = (uint32_t)strtoul(val, NULL, 10);
 	if (ro.ro_bkt == 0)
@@ -131,9 +127,8 @@
 static void
 setlaggsetopt(if_ctx *ctx, const char *val __unused, int d)
 {
-	struct lagg_reqopts ro;
+	struct lagg_reqopts ro = {};
 
-	bzero(&ro, sizeof(ro));
 	ro.ro_opts = d;
 	switch (ro.ro_opts) {
 	case LAGG_OPT_USE_FLOWID:
@@ -152,7 +147,7 @@
 	default:
 		err(1, "Invalid lagg option");
 	}
-	strlcpy(ro.ro_ifname, name, sizeof(ro.ro_ifname));
+	strlcpy(ro.ro_ifname, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ro.ro_ifname));
 	
 	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, SIOCSLAGGOPTS, &ro) != 0)
 		err(1, "SIOCSLAGGOPTS");
@@ -181,7 +176,7 @@
 	if (rf.rf_flags == 0)
 		errx(1, "No lagghash options supplied");
 
-	strlcpy(rf.rf_ifname, name, sizeof(rf.rf_ifname));
+	strlcpy(rf.rf_ifname, ctx->ifname, sizeof(rf.rf_ifname));
 	if (ioctl_ctx(ctx, SIOCSLAGGHASH, &rf))
 		err(1, "SIOCSLAGGHASH");
 }
@@ -227,7 +222,7 @@
 	const char *proto;
 	const int verbose = ctx->args->verbose;
 
-	if (ifconfig_lagg_get_lagg_status(lifh, name, &lagg) == -1)
+	if (ifconfig_lagg_get_lagg_status(lifh, ctx->ifname, &lagg) == -1)
 		return;
 
 	ra = lagg->ra;
diff --git a/sbin/ifconfig/ifmac.c b/sbin/ifconfig/ifmac.c
--- a/sbin/ifconfig/ifmac.c
+++ b/sbin/ifconfig/ifmac.c
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 	char *label_text;
 
 	memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
 
 	if (mac_prepare_ifnet_label(&label) == -1)
 		return;
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
 	}
 
 	memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
 	ifr.ifr_ifru.ifru_data = (void *)label;
 
 	error = ioctl(ctx->io_s, SIOCSIFMAC, &ifr);
diff --git a/sbin/ifconfig/ifmedia.c b/sbin/ifconfig/ifmedia.c
--- a/sbin/ifconfig/ifmedia.c
+++ b/sbin/ifconfig/ifmedia.c
@@ -98,15 +98,15 @@
 static void print_media_ifconfig(ifmedia_t);
 
 static void
-media_status(if_ctx *ctx __unused)
+media_status(if_ctx *ctx)
 {
 	struct ifmediareq *ifmr;
 
-	if (ifconfig_media_get_mediareq(lifh, name, &ifmr) == -1)
+	if (ifconfig_media_get_mediareq(lifh, ctx->ifname, &ifmr) == -1)
 		return;
 
 	if (ifmr->ifm_count == 0) {
-		warnx("%s: no media types?", name);
+		warnx("%s: no media types?", ctx->ifname);
 		goto free;
 	}
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
 		status = ifconfig_media_get_status(ifmr);
 		printf("\tstatus: %s", status);
 		if (strcmp(status, "no carrier") == 0 &&
-		    ifconfig_media_get_downreason(lifh, name, &ifdr) == 0) {
+		    ifconfig_media_get_downreason(lifh, ctx->ifname, &ifdr) == 0) {
 			switch (ifdr.ifdr_reason) {
 			case IFDR_REASON_MSG:
 				printf(" (%s)", ifdr.ifdr_msg);
@@ -157,19 +157,19 @@
 }
 
 struct ifmediareq *
-ifmedia_getstate(void)
+ifmedia_getstate(if_ctx *ctx)
 {
 	static struct ifmediareq *ifmr = NULL;
 
 	if (ifmr != NULL)
 		return (ifmr);
 
-	if (ifconfig_media_get_mediareq(lifh, name, &ifmr) == -1)
+	if (ifconfig_media_get_mediareq(lifh, ctx->ifname, &ifmr) == -1)
 		errc(1, ifconfig_err_errno(lifh),
-		    "%s: ifconfig_media_get_mediareq", name);
+		    "%s: ifconfig_media_get_mediareq", ctx->ifname);
 
 	if (ifmr->ifm_count == 0)
-		errx(1, "%s: no media types?", name);
+		errx(1, "%s: no media types?", ctx->ifname);
 
 	return (ifmr);
 }
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
 	struct ifmediareq *ifmr;
 	int subtype;
 
-	ifmr = ifmedia_getstate();
+	ifmr = ifmedia_getstate(ctx);
 
 	/*
 	 * We are primarily concerned with the top-level type.
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@
 	 */
 	subtype = get_media_subtype(ifmr->ifm_ulist[0], val);
 
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
 	ifr.ifr_media = (ifmr->ifm_current & IFM_IMASK) |
 	    IFM_TYPE(ifmr->ifm_ulist[0]) | subtype;
 
@@ -236,11 +236,11 @@
 	struct ifmediareq *ifmr;
 	ifmedia_t options;
 
-	ifmr = ifmedia_getstate();
+	ifmr = ifmedia_getstate(ctx);
 
 	options = get_media_options(ifmr->ifm_ulist[0], val);
 
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
 	ifr.ifr_media = ifmr->ifm_current;
 	if (clear)
 		ifr.ifr_media &= ~options;
@@ -261,13 +261,13 @@
 	struct ifmediareq *ifmr;
 	int inst;
 
-	ifmr = ifmedia_getstate();
+	ifmr = ifmedia_getstate(ctx);
 
 	inst = atoi(val);
 	if (inst < 0 || inst > (int)IFM_INST_MAX)
 		errx(1, "invalid media instance: %s", val);
 
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
 	ifr.ifr_media = (ifmr->ifm_current & ~IFM_IMASK) | inst << IFM_ISHIFT;
 
 	ifmr->ifm_current = ifr.ifr_media;
@@ -280,11 +280,11 @@
 	struct ifmediareq *ifmr;
 	int mode;
 
-	ifmr = ifmedia_getstate();
+	ifmr = ifmedia_getstate(ctx);
 
 	mode = get_media_mode(ifmr->ifm_ulist[0], val);
 
-	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
+	strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ctx->ifname, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
 	ifr.ifr_media = (ifmr->ifm_current & ~IFM_MMASK) | mode;
 
 	ifmr->ifm_current = ifr.ifr_media;
diff --git a/sbin/ifconfig/sfp.c b/sbin/ifconfig/sfp.c
--- a/sbin/ifconfig/sfp.c
+++ b/sbin/ifconfig/sfp.c
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
 	size_t channel_count;
 	int verbose = ctx->args->verbose;
 
-	if (ifconfig_sfp_get_sfp_info(lifh, name, &info) == -1)
+	if (ifconfig_sfp_get_sfp_info(lifh, ctx->ifname, &info) == -1)
 		return;
 
 	ifconfig_sfp_get_sfp_info_strings(&info, &strings);
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
 	    ifconfig_sfp_physical_spec(&info, &strings),
 	    strings.sfp_conn);
 
-	if (ifconfig_sfp_get_sfp_vendor_info(lifh, name, &vendor_info) == -1)
+	if (ifconfig_sfp_get_sfp_vendor_info(lifh, ctx->ifname, &vendor_info) == -1)
 		return;
 
 	printf("\tvendor: %s PN: %s SN: %s DATE: %s\n",
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (ifconfig_sfp_get_sfp_status(lifh, name, &status) == 0) {
+	if (ifconfig_sfp_get_sfp_status(lifh, ctx->ifname, &status) == 0) {
 		if (ifconfig_sfp_id_is_qsfp(info.sfp_id) && verbose > 1)
 			printf("\tnominal bitrate: %u Mbps\n", status.bitrate);
 		printf("\tmodule temperature: %.2f C voltage: %.2f Volts\n",
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
 	if (verbose > 2) {
 		struct ifconfig_sfp_dump dump;
 
-		if (ifconfig_sfp_get_sfp_dump(lifh, name, &dump) == -1)
+		if (ifconfig_sfp_get_sfp_dump(lifh, ctx->ifname, &dump) == -1)
 			return;
 
 		if (ifconfig_sfp_id_is_qsfp(info.sfp_id)) {