Index: head/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/book.xml =================================================================== --- head/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/book.xml +++ head/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/book.xml @@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ + + @@ -91,7 +93,6 @@ - @@ -103,10 +104,12 @@ + + @@ -150,13 +153,15 @@ - + + + @@ -186,6 +191,7 @@ + @@ -264,6 +270,7 @@ + @@ -278,7 +285,9 @@ + + @@ -361,6 +370,7 @@ + @@ -435,6 +445,7 @@ + @@ -478,6 +489,7 @@ + @@ -486,6 +498,7 @@ + @@ -496,6 +509,7 @@ + @@ -698,6 +712,7 @@ 2016 2017 2018 + 2019 The FreeBSD Documentation Project @@ -775,15 +790,9 @@ - Welcome to FreeBSD! This handbook covers the installation - and day to day use of - FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE and - FreeBSD 11.2-RELEASE. This book is - the result of ongoing work by many individuals. Some sections - might be outdated. Those interested in helping to update and - expand this document should send email to the FreeBSD documentation project mailing list. + 歡迎使用 FreeBSD！ 本使用手冊涵蓋範圍包括了 FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE 與 FreeBSD 11.3-RELEASE 的安裝與平日操作的說明。 這份使用手冊是很多人的集體創作，而且仍然『持續不斷』的進行中，因此部份章節可能尚未仍未完成，如果您有興趣協助本計畫的話，請寄電子郵件至 FreeBSD 文件專案郵遞論壇。 - 在 FreeBSD 網站 可以找到本文件的最新版本，舊版文件可從 https://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/ 取得。本文件也提供各種格式與不同壓縮方式的版本可自 FreeBSD FTP 伺服器 或是其中一個 鏡像網站 下載。 列印出來的實體書面資料可在 FreeBSD 商城 購買。 此外，您可在 搜尋頁面 中搜尋本文件或其他文件的資料。 + 在 FreeBSD 網站 可以找到本手冊的最新版本，舊版文件可從 https://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/ 取得。本文件也提供各種格式與不同壓縮方式的版本可自 FreeBSD FTP 伺服器 或是其中一個 鏡像網站 下載。 列印出來的實體書面資料可在 FreeBSD 商城 購買。 此外，您可在 搜尋頁面 中搜尋本文件或其他文件的資料。 @@ -876,7 +885,7 @@ 自第一版後的主要修訂 (2001) - 本手冊的第二版是 FreeBSD 文件計劃的成員歷時兩年完成的心血之作。第二版包的主要變動如下︰ + 本手冊的第二版是 FreeBSD 文件計劃的成員歷時兩年完成的心血之作。第二版包的主要變動如下： @@ -1234,7 +1243,7 @@ 本書的編排體裁 - 為方便閱讀本書，以下是一些本書所遵循的編排體裁： + 為了提供有一致性且易於閱讀的內容，以下是一些本書所遵循的編排體裁。 文字編排體裁 @@ -1373,7 +1382,7 @@ 非常感謝您對 FreeBSD 感興趣！以下章節涵蓋 FreeBSD 計劃的各方面：比如它的歷史、目標、開發模式等等。 - 讀完這章，您將了解︰ + 讀完這章，您將了解： @@ -1403,123 +1412,56 @@ 4.4BSD-Lite - FreeBSD is an Open Source, standards-compliant Unix-like - operating system for x86 (both 32 and 64 bit), ARM, AArch64, - RISC-V, MIPS, POWER, PowerPC, and Sun UltraSPARC - computers. It provides all the features that are - nowadays taken for granted, such as preemptive multitasking, - memory protection, virtual memory, multi-user facilities, SMP - support, all the Open Source development tools for different - languages and frameworks, and desktop features centered around - X Window System, KDE, or GNOME. Its particular strengths - are: + FreeBSD 是一套開源、符合標準的類 Unix 的作業系統，適用於 x86 (32 與 64 位元), ARM, AArch64, RISC-V, MIPS, POWER, PowerPC 以及 Sun UltraSPARC 的電腦。它提供了現代作業系統所應具備的所有功能，例如：先佔式多工、記憶體保護、虛擬記憶體、多使用者架構、對稱多工處理 (SMP)、各種針對不同語言和框架的開源開發工具以及以 X Window 系統、KDE 及 GNOME 為主的桌面功能，而它有以下優勢： - Liberal Open Source license, - which grants you rights to freely modify and extend - its source code and incorporate it in both Open Source - projects and closed products without imposing - restrictions typical to copyleft licenses, as well - as avoiding potential license incompatibility - problems. + 自由的開放原始碼授權，授予您自由修改和擴充其原始碼並將其合併到開放原始碼專案或封閉的產品中的權力，不會對 Copyleft 授權施加典型的限制，也避免了授權不相容的潛在問題。 - Strong TCP/IP networking - TCP/IP - networking - FreeBSD - implements industry standard protocols with ever - increasing performance and scalability. This makes - it a good match in both server, and routing/firewalling - roles - and indeed many companies and vendors use it - precisely for that purpose. + 強大的 TCP/IP 網路 TCP/IP + networking - FreeBSD 以工業標準實作通訊協定並不斷改善效能與擴展性，這使得 FreeBSD 非常適合應用在伺服器、路由器/防火牆的角色 - 這也是許多公司和供應商使用它的原因。 - Fully integrated OpenZFS support, - including root-on-ZFS, ZFS Boot Environments, fault - management, administrative delegation, support for jails, - FreeBSD specific documentation, and system installer - support. + 完全整合 OpenZFS，包含 root-on-ZFS、ZFS 開機環境、故障管理、委託管理、對 Jail 的支援、FreeBSD 專屬的文件以及系統安裝程式的支援。 - Extensive security features, - from the Mandatory Access Control framework to Capsicum - capability and sandbox mechanisms. + 鉅細靡遺的安全性功能，從強制存取控制 (Mandatory Access Control, MAC) 框架到 Capsicum 功能以及沙盒機制。 - Over 30 thousand prebuilt - packages for all supported architectures, - and the Ports Collection which makes it easy to build your - own, customized ones. + 超過 3 萬個預編的套件供所有支援的架構以及可簡單編譯依您的需求所客製的 Port 套件集。 - Documentation - in addition - to Handbook and books from different authors that cover - topics ranging from system administration to kernel - internals, there are also the man1 pages, not only - for userspace daemons, utilities, and configuration files, - but also for kernel driver APIs (section 9) and individual - drivers (section 4). + 說明文件 - 除了操作手冊及由許多作者著作從系統管理到核心內部主題的書籍外，也有不僅只針對 Userspace Daemon、工具及設定檔，同樣也有針對核心驅動程式 APIs (第 9 節) 及各別驅動程式 (第 4 節) 的操作說明頁 ( man1 page)。 - Simple and consistent repository structure - and build system - FreeBSD uses a single - repository for all of its components, both kernel and - userspace. This, along with an unified and easy to - customize build system and a well thought out development - process makes it easy to integrate FreeBSD with build - infrastructure for your own product. + 簡單且具一致性的檔案庫架構與編譯系統 - FreeBSD 對所有的元件、核心與 Userspace 使用單一的檔案庫，加上統一、易於客製的編譯系統以及嚴謹的開發流程，讓 FreeBSD 的編譯基礎架構更容易與您產品的整合。 - Staying true to Unix philosophy, - preferring composability instead of monolithic all - in one daemons with hardcoded behavior. + 忠於 Unix 哲學，偏好可組合而非具寫死的 多合一 單一 Daemon。 - binary compatibility - Linux - Binary compatibility with Linux, - which makes it possible to run many Linux binaries without - the need for virtualisation. + binary compatibility + Linux Linux 執行檔 (Binary) 相容性，無需虛擬化即可執行許多 Linux 執行檔。 - FreeBSD is based on the 4.4BSD-Lite + FreeBSD 系統是基於美國加州大學柏克萊分校的電腦系統研究組 (Computer Systems Research Group 也就是 CSRG) 所發行的 4.4BSD-Lite 4.4BSD-Lite - release from Computer - Systems Research Group (CSRG) - Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) - at the University of California at Berkeley, and - carries on the distinguished tradition of BSD systems - development. In addition to the fine work provided by CSRG, - the FreeBSD Project has put in many thousands of man-hours - into extending the functionality and fine-tuning the system - for maximum performance and reliability - in real-life load situations. FreeBSD offers performance and - reliability on par with other Open Source and commercial - offerings, combined with cutting-edge features not available - anywhere else. + ，繼承了 BSD 系統開發的優良傳統。 除了由 CSRG 所提供的高品質的成果外，FreeBSD 計劃也投入了上千人時在擴充及微調，來讓系統在真實情境下能達到最大的效能與可靠性。 FreeBSD 提供了其他開源與商業產品的效能及穩定性，並結合其他產品所沒有的尖端功能。 FreeBSD 能做什麼？ - The applications to which FreeBSD can be put are truly - limited only by your own imagination. From software - development to factory automation, inventory control to - azimuth correction of remote satellite antennae; if it can be - done with a commercial UNIX product then it is more than - likely that you can do it with FreeBSD too! FreeBSD also benefits - significantly from literally thousands of high quality - applications developed by research centers and universities - around the world, often available at little to no cost. + FreeBSD 能應用的情境完全限制在你的想像力上。 從軟體開發到工廠自動化，庫存管控到遠程衛星天線的方位角校正；若您的需求可以用商用的 UNIX 產品來達成，那麼極有可能使用 FreeBSD 也能辦到！ FreeBSD 也受益於來自於全球各研究中心及大學所開發的數千個高品質的軟體 ，這些通常只需要花費很少的費用或根本就是免費的。 由於每個人都可以取得 FreeBSD 的原始程式碼， 這個系統可以被量身訂做成能執行任何原本完全無法想像的功能或計劃， 而對於從各廠商取得的作業系統通常沒有辦法這樣地被修改。 以下提供一些人們使用 FreeBSD 的例子： @@ -1529,7 +1471,7 @@ - Web servers + 網頁伺服器 @@ -1541,7 +1483,7 @@ firewall 以及 NAT NAT - (IP 偽裝) 通訊閘。 + (IP 偽裝) 通訊閘 @@ -1551,15 +1493,12 @@ - - + electronic mail email - - + email - - Email servers + 電子郵件伺服器 @@ -1569,7 +1508,7 @@ - 教育：若您是資工相關領域的學生，再也沒有比使用 FreeBSD 能學到更多作業系統、計算機結構、及網路的方法了。 另外如果你想利用電腦來處理一些其他的工作，還有一些如 CAD、 數學運算以及圖形處理軟體等可以免費地取得使用。 + 教育：您是電腦科學相關領域的學生嗎？再也沒有比使用 FreeBSD 能學到更多作業系統、計算機結構、及網路的方法了。其中許多免費提供的 CAD，數學和圖形設計套件對於那些需要在電腦完成 其他 工作的人也非常有用！ @@ -1615,18 +1554,7 @@ 使用者 執行 FreeBSD 的大型站台 - FreeBSD has been known for its web serving capabilities - - sites that run on FreeBSD include - Hacker News, - Netcraft, - NetEase, - Netflix, - Sina, - Sony Japan, - Rambler, - Yahoo!, and - Yandex. - + FreeBSD 以其網頁 (Web) 服務功能而聞名 - 在 FreeBSD 上運作的網站包括 Hacker News, Netcraft, NetEase, Netflix, Sina, Sony Japan, Rambler, Yahoo! 及 Yandex。 FreeBSD 先進的功能、成熟的安全性、可預測的發佈週期以及自由的授權條款，讓 FreeBSD 已經被用來做為建立許多商業、開源應用、裝置以及產品的平台，有許多世界上最大的資訊公司使用 FreeBSD： @@ -1657,20 +1585,15 @@ - Dell EMC Isilon - + Dell EMC Isilon Isilon - - Isilon's enterprise storage appliances - are based on FreeBSD. The extremely liberal FreeBSD license - allowed Isilon to integrate their intellectual property - throughout the kernel and focus on building their product - instead of an operating system. + - Isilon 的企業存儲設備是以 FreeBSD 為基礎。非常自由的 FreeBSD 授權條款讓 Isilon 整合了它們的智慧財產到整個核心，並專注打造自己的產品，而不是一個作業系統。 - Dell KACE - Dell KACE - - KACE 系統管理設備中運作了 FreeBSD，因為 FreeBSD 的可靠性、可擴展性以及支持其持續發展的社群。 + Quest KACE + Quest KACE + - KACE 系統管理設備中運作了 FreeBSD，是因為 FreeBSD 的可靠性、可擴展性以及支持其持續發展的社群。 @@ -1827,8 +1750,7 @@ - Wikipedia also maintains a list - of products based on FreeBSD. + 在 FreeBSD 基金會網站上可以找到以 FreeBSD 為基礎的產品與服務的公司的推薦 清單。 Wikipedia 也維護了一份以 FreeBSD 為基礎的產品清單。 @@ -1927,7 +1849,7 @@ FreeBSD 的開發是一個非常開放且具彈性的過程，就像從 貢獻者名單 所看到的，是由全世界成千上萬的貢獻者發展起來的。 FreeBSD 的開發基礎架構允許數以百計的開發者透過網際網路協同工作。 我們也經常關注著那些對我們的計畫感興趣的新開發者和新的創意， 那些有興趣更進一步參與計劃的人只需要在 FreeBSD 技術討論郵遞論壇 連繫我們。 FreeBSD 公告郵遞論壇 對那些希望了解我們進度的人也是相當有用的。 - 無論是單獨開發者或者封閉式的團隊合作，多瞭解 FreeBSD 計劃和它的開發過程會是不錯的︰ + 無論是單獨開發者或者封閉式的團隊合作，多瞭解 FreeBSD 計劃和它的開發過程會是不錯的： @@ -1964,20 +1886,9 @@ FreeBSD 核心團隊 - The FreeBSD core team - + 如果把 FreeBSD 看成是一家公司的話， FreeBSD 核心團隊 (FreeBSD core team) core team - would be equivalent to the board of - directors if the FreeBSD Project were a company. The - primary task of the core team is to make sure the - project, as a whole, is in good shape and is heading in - the right directions. Inviting dedicated and - responsible developers to join our group of committers - is one of the functions of the core team, as is the - recruitment of new core team members as others move on. - The current core team was elected from a pool of - committer candidates in July 2018. Elections are held - every 2 years. + 就相當於公司的董事會。 核心團隊的主要職責在於確保此計劃的整體有良好的架構，以朝著正確的方向發展。 此外，邀請敬業且負責的開發者加入提交者的行列也是核心團隊的職責之一，隨著其他新成員的加入也招募新的核心團隊成員。 目前的核心團隊是在 2018 年 7 月從提交者候選人之中選出來的，這個選舉每兩年會舉辦一次。 如同多數的開發者，核心團隊大部分成員加入 FreeBSD 開發都是志工性質而已， 並未從本計劃中獲得任何薪酬，所以這只是一個 承諾 不應該被誤解為 保證支援 才對。 前面用 董事會 來舉例可能不是很恰當，或許我們應該說： 他們是一群自願放棄原本的優渥生活、個人其他領域成就， 而選擇投入 FreeBSD 開發的熱血有為者才對！ @@ -2014,15 +1925,7 @@ 其他文件 - All supported FreeBSD versions provide an option in the - installer to - install additional documentation under - /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd during the - initial system setup. Documentation may also be installed at - any later time using packages as described in - . You may view the - locally installed manuals with any HTML capable browser using - the following URLs: + 所有支援的 FreeBSD 版本都會在安裝程式中提供一個選項，讓您可以在初始化系統安裝的階段安裝額外的說明文件到 /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd。說明文件也可在往後隨時使用套件安裝，詳細說明於 。您也可以使用任何支援 HTML 的瀏覽器進入下列 URL 檢視已安裝在本機的手冊： @@ -2119,53 +2022,27 @@ 安裝 - There are several different ways of getting FreeBSD to run, - depending on the environment. Those are: + 有多種不同的方法可以執行 FreeBSD，根據所在環境，包含： - Virtual Machine images, to download and import on a - virtual environment of choice. These can be downloaded from - the Download - FreeBSD page. There are images for KVM - (qcow2), VMWare (vmdk), - Hyper-V (vhd), and raw device images that are - universally supported. These are not installation images, - but rather the preconfigured (already - installed) instances, ready to run and perform - post-installation tasks. + 一般虛擬機映像檔，可下載並匯入到您所選擇的虛擬環境。映像檔可從 Download FreeBSD 頁面下載，KVM (qcow2), VMWare (vmdk), Hyper-V (vhd) 及原始裝置的映像檔都支援。這些並非安裝程式的映像檔，而是已經預先設定好 (已安裝好) 的實例，可直接使用並執行安裝後的作業。 - Virtual Machine images available at Amazon's AWS - Marketplace, Microsoft - Azure Marketplace, and Google - Cloud Platform, to run on their respective hosting - services. For more information on deploying FreeBSD on Azure - please consult the relevant chapter in the Azure - Documentation. + 託管服務虛擬機映像檔，可在 Amazon 的 AWS Marketplace, Microsoft Azure Marketplace 和 Google Cloud Platform 等託管服務上運行的虛擬機映像檔。有關如何在 Azure 上部署 FreeBSD 的資訊可查詢 Azure 說明文件中的相關章節。 - SD card images, for embedded systems such as Raspberry - Pi or BeagleBone Black. These can be downloaded from the - Download - FreeBSD page. These files must be uncompressed and - written as a raw image to an SD card, from which the board - will then boot. + SD 卡映像檔，供嵌入式系統，如 Raspberry Pi 或 BeagleBone Black 使用的映像檔，可從 Download FreeBSD 頁面下載，這些檔案必須先解壓縮後以原始映像檔的格式寫入 SD 卡以讓這些開發電路板能夠啟動。 - Installation images, to install FreeBSD on - a hard drive for the usual desktop, laptop, or server - systems. + 安裝程式映像檔，用來安裝 FreeBSD 到硬碟，供一般的桌機、筆電或伺服器系統使用。 - The rest of this chapter describes the fourth case, - explaining how to install FreeBSD using the text-based - installation program named - bsdinstall. + 此章接下來的部份會介紹第四個案例，說明如何使用文字介面為基礎的安裝程式 bsdinstall 安裝 FreeBSD。 一般來說，本章所寫的安裝說明是針對 i386 和 AMD64 架構。如果可以用於其他平台，將會列表說明。 安裝程式和本章所敘述的內容可能會有些微差異，所以請將本章視為通用的指引，而不是完全照著來做。 @@ -2173,7 +2050,7 @@ 喜歡用圖形化安裝程式安裝 FreeBSD 的使用者， 可能會對 pc-sysinstall 有興趣，這是 TrueOS 計畫所使用的。 他可以用來安裝圖形化桌面 (TrueOS) 或是指令列版本的 FreeBSD。 細節請參考 TrueOS 使用者 Handbook (https://www.trueos.org/handbook/trueos.html)。 - 讀完這章，您將了解︰ + 讀完這章，您將了解： @@ -2201,7 +2078,7 @@ - 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰ + 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要： @@ -2337,15 +2214,7 @@ 檢查 FreeBSD 勘誤表 - Although the FreeBSD Project strives to ensure that - each release of FreeBSD is as stable as possible, bugs - occasionally creep into the process. On very rare occasions - those bugs affect the installation process. As these - problems are discovered and fixed, they are noted in the - FreeBSD Errata (https://www.freebsd.org/releases/12.0R/errata.html) - on the FreeBSD web site. Check the errata before installing to - make sure that there are no problems that might affect the - installation. + 儘管 FreeBSD 計劃努力確保每個 FreeBSD 發行版能夠儘可能地穩定，但臭蟲偶爾還是會悄悄出現，並有極小的可能會發生影響安裝流程的錯誤，當這些問題被發現並修正後，會被紀錄在 FreeBSD 網站的 FreeBSD 勘誤表 (https://www.freebsd.org/releases/12.0R/errata.html)。 安裝前先檢查勘誤表，以確保沒有會影響到安裝的問題。 所有發行版的資訊和勘誤表可以在 FreeBSD 網站的發行資訊找到 (https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html)。 @@ -2411,7 +2280,7 @@ # dd if=FreeBSD-10.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img of=/dev/da0 bs=1M conv=sync - 若這個指示執行失敗，請確認 USB 隨身碟是否未掛載，以及該裝置名稱是否為這個隨身碟，而非一個分割區。部份作業系統可能需要使用 sudo8 來執行這個指令。像 Linux 這類的系統可能會暫存寫入動作，要強制完成所有寫入動作，可使用 sync8。 + 若這個指示執行失敗，請確認 USB 隨身碟是否還未掛載，以及該裝置名稱是否指向這個隨身碟，而不是一個分割區。有些作業系統可能需要使用 sudo8 來執行這個指令。且 dd1 的指令語法在不同的作業系統上有些不同，例如在 Mac OS 需要使用小寫的 ，而在 Linux 這類的系統可能會暫存寫入動作，要強制完成所有寫入動作，需使用 sync8。 @@ -2742,18 +2611,8 @@ 配置磁碟空間 - 接下來的選單用來決定配置磁碟空間的方式，選單中可用的選項會依安裝的 FreeBSD 版本而有所不同。 + 接下來的選單用來決定配置磁碟空間的方式。 -
- FreeBSD 9.x 的磁碟分割選項 - - - - - - -
-
FreeBSD 10.x 或更新版本的磁碟分割選項 @@ -2922,7 +2781,7 @@ - 選擇完分割區表格式並建立之後，再選擇 [ Create ] 一次來建立分割區。 + 選擇完分割區表格式並建立之後，再選擇 [ Create ] 一次來建立分割區。Tab 鍵可用來在欄位間移動游標。
手動建立分割區 @@ -3759,7 +3618,7 @@ 部份安裝問題可以透過更各種硬體元件的韌體來避免或緩解，特別是主機板。主機板的韌體通常稱為 BIOS，大部份主機板與電腦製造商會有網站可以取得升級程式與升級資訊。 - 製造商通常會建議若沒有特殊原因盡量避免升級主機板 BIOS + 製造商通常會建議若沒有特殊原因盡量避免升級主機板 BIOS，例如：重大更新，升級的程多可能會出錯，導致未更新完成的 BIOS 並讓電腦無法運作。 若系統在開機偵測硬體時卡住或安裝時運作異常，可能主因為 ACPI，FreeBSD 在 i386, amd64 及 ia64 平台廣泛的使用了系統 ACPI 服務來協助設定系統組態，若在開機時有偵測到該功能。不幸的是，ACPI 驅動程式與系統主機板及 BIOS 韌體之間仍存在部份問題。可於開機載入程式的第三階段設定 hint.acpi.0.disabled Hint 來關閉 ACPI： @@ -3817,7 +3676,7 @@ 接下來的這一章將涵蓋 FreeBSD 作業系統的基本指令及功能。 大部份的內容在 UNIX-like 作業系統中都是相通的。 如果您對這些內容熟悉的話，可以放心的跳過。 如果您剛接觸 FreeBSD，那您一定要仔細的讀完這章。 - 讀完這章，您將了解︰ + 讀完這章，您將了解： @@ -3900,7 +3759,7 @@ FreeBSD 預設提供多個虛擬 Console 可輸入指令，每個虛擬 Console 都有自己的登入提示及 Shell 並且可以輕易的在虛擬 Console 間切換。 這實際上讓指令輸入有了類似於圖型化環境中可以同時開啟多個視窗的功能。 - 組合鍵 AltF1 至 AltF8 被 FreeBSD 保留用來切換虛擬 Console，使用 AltF1 可切換至系統 Console (ttyv0)，AltF2 可存取第一個虛擬 Console (ttyv1)，AltF3 可存取第二個虛擬 Console (ttyv2)，以此類推。 + 組合鍵 AltF1 至 AltF8 被 FreeBSD 保留用來切換虛擬 Console，使用 AltF1 可切換至系統 Console (ttyv0)，AltF2 可存取第一個虛擬 Console (ttyv1)，AltF3 可存取第二個虛擬 Console (ttyv2)，以此類推。當使用 Xorg 作為圖型化 Console 時，組合鍵則改使用 CtrlAltF1 來切換回文字介面的虛擬 Console。 當您從一個 Console 切換到下一個的時候，FreeBSD 會切換畫面顯示的內容， 這就好像有很多虛擬的螢幕和鍵盤可以讓您輸入指令到 FreeBSD 執行。 在某一個虛擬 Console 上執行的程式並不會因為使用者切到別的 Console 而停止執行。 @@ -3985,7 +3844,7 @@ FreeBSD 允許多使用者同時使用電腦，在一次只能有一位使用者坐在電腦螢幕前使用鍵盤操作的同時，可讓任何數量的使用者透過網路登入到系統。每一位要使用該系統的使用者應有自己的帳號。 - 本章介紹︰ + 本章介紹： @@ -4416,7 +4275,7 @@ changing password - 任何使用者皆可簡單的使用 passwd1 更改自己的密碼。要避免意外或未授權的變更，這個指令在設定新密碼之前會提示使用者輸入原來的密碼。 + 任何使用者皆可簡單的使用 passwd1 更改自己的密碼。要避免意外或未授權的變更，這個指令在設定新密碼之前會提示使用者輸入原來的密碼： 更改您的密碼 @@ -4693,7 +4552,7 @@ (動作) + - 增加權限 + 增加權限 @@ -4745,7 +4604,7 @@ % chmod go= FILE - 若有兩個以上的符號表示可以使用逗號 (,) 區隔。 例如，下列指令將會移除群組及其他人對檔案 FILE 的寫入權限， 並使全部人 (world) 對該檔有執行權限。 + 若有兩個以上的權限更改可以使用逗號 (,) 區隔。 例如，下列指令將會移除群組及全部人 (world) 對檔案 FILE 的寫入權限， 並使全部人對該檔有執行權限： % chmod go-w,a+x FILE @@ -5223,7 +5082,7 @@ FreeBSD 也會使用磁碟空間作為交換空間 (Swap space) 來提供虛擬記憶體 (Virtual memory)。 這讓您的電腦好像擁有比實際更多的記憶體。 當 FreeBSD 的記憶體用完的時候，它會把一些目前沒用到的資料移到交換空間，然後在用到的時候移回去 (同時移出部份沒用到的)。 - 部份分區有使用的慣例如下： + 有些分割區有特定的使用慣例。 @@ -5240,12 +5099,12 @@ a - 通常內含根檔案系統 + 通常含有根檔案系統。 b - 通常內含交換空間 + 通常含有交換空間。 @@ -5577,7 +5436,7 @@ unmounting - 要缺載檔案系統可使用 umount(8) 指令。該指令需要一個參數可以是掛載點 (mountpoint)，裝置名稱，以及 -a 或是 -A 等選項。 + 要卸載檔案系統可使用 umount8 指令。該指令需要一個參數可以是掛載點 (mountpoint)，裝置名稱，以及 或是 等選項。 加上 可以強制卸載，加上 則是會顯示詳細資訊。 要注意的是一般來說用 並不是個好主意，強制卸載檔案系統有可能會造成電腦當機， 或者損壞檔案系統內的資料。 @@ -5680,7 +5539,7 @@ 對大多數 UNIX 指令來講，kill1 執行成功時並不會輸出任何訊息。 假設您送一個信號給某個不是使用者所擁有的程序， 那麼就會顯示這個錯誤訊息： kill: PID: Operation not permitted。 若打錯 PID 的話，那就會把信號送給錯誤的程序，並把該程序關閉，或者是把信號送給一個非使用中的 PID，那您就會看到錯誤：kill: PID: No such process。 - 為何要使用 <command>/bin/kill</command>？ + 為何要使用 <command>/bin/kill</command>？ 多數 Shell 都有提供內建的 kill 指令。 也就是說這種 shell 會直接發送信號，而不是執行 /bin/kill。 但要小心不同的 shell 會有不同的語法來指定信號的名稱等。 與其嘗試去把它們通通學會，不如就單純的直接用 /bin/kill。 @@ -6027,7 +5886,7 @@ 套件 FreeBSD 內建豐富的系統工具集，此外 FreeBSD 提供了兩種安裝第三方軟體的套件管理技術︰由原始碼安裝的 FreeBSD Port 套件集，以及由預先編譯好的 Binary 安裝的 Binary 套件集。兩種方法都可使用本地的媒體或網路來安裝軟體。 - 讀完這章，您將了解︰ + 讀完這章，您將了解： @@ -6142,10 +6001,7 @@ 要持續追蹤 Port 的更新可以訂閱 FreeBSD Port 郵遞論壇 與 FreeBSD Port 問題郵遞論壇。 - Before installing any application, check - for security issues related to the application or type - pkg audit -F to check all installed - applications for known vulnerabilities. + 在安裝任何應用程式之前，請先查看 是否有與該應用程式相關的安全性問題或輸入 pkg audit -F 來檢查所有已安裝的應用程式是否有已知的漏洞。 本章接下來的部份將說明如何在 FreeBSD 使用 Binary 套件及 Port 套件安裝與管理第三方軟體。 @@ -6277,12 +6133,7 @@ FreeBSD 內建啟動 (Bootstrap) 工具可用來下載並安裝 pkg 及其操作手冊。這個工具是設計在 FreeBSD 版本 10.X 之後使用。 - Not all FreeBSD versions and architectures - support this bootstrap process. The current list is at - . - For other cases, - pkg must instead be installed - from the Ports Collection or as a binary package. + 不是所有 FreeBSD 版本及架構支援此啟動程序，目前支援的清單列於 ，對不支援的版本，必須改透過 Port 套件集或者 Binary 套件來安裝 pkg。 @@ -6412,9 +6263,9 @@ - 自動移除不使用的相依 + 自動移除未使用的套件 - 移除一個套件可能會留下不再需要使用的相依套件。不再需要的相依套件可以使用以下指令自動偵測並移除： + 移除一個套件可能會留下不再需要使用的相依套件。不再需要的相依套件是當初隨著其套件所安裝的套件 (枝葉套件)，可以使用以下指令自動偵測並移除： # pkg autoremove Packages to be autoremoved: @@ -6424,6 +6275,33 @@ Proceed with autoremoval of packages [y/N]: y Deinstalling ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1... done + + 因為相依所安裝的套件稱作 自動 (Automatic) 套件，而非自動套件即套件被安裝的原因不是因為其他套件所相依，可以使用以下方式查詢： + + # pkg prime-list +nginx +openvpn +sudo + + pkg prime-list 是一個別名指令，定義在 /usr/local/etc/pkg.conf，尚還有許多其他相關指令可以用來查詢系統的套件資料庫，例如，指令 pkg prime-origins 可用來取得上述清單的來源 Port 目錄： + + # pkg prime-origins +www/nginx +security/openvpn +security/sudo + + 這份清單可以用來重新編譯所有安裝在系統中的套件，使用 ports-mgmt/poudriere 或 ports-mgmt/synth 這類的編譯工具。 + + 要將一個安裝好的套件註記成為 "自動" 可以用： + + # pkg set -A 1 devel/cmake + + 當套件為末端套件 (Leaf Package) 且被註記為 "自動"，則會被 pkg autoremove 挑選出來。 + + 要註記一個安裝好的套件為 "非自動" 可以用： + + # pkg set -A 0 devel/cmake + @@ -6592,18 +6470,7 @@ 下面我們會介紹如何使用 Port 套件集來安裝、移除軟體的基本用法。 make 可用的目標及環境變數詳細說明可參閱 ports7。 - Before compiling any port, be sure to update the Ports - Collection as described in the previous section. Since - the installation of any third-party software can introduce - security vulnerabilities, it is recommended to first check - - for known security issues related to the port. Alternately, - run pkg audit -F before installing a new - port. This command can be configured to automatically - perform a security audit and an update of the vulnerability - database during the daily security system check. For more - information, refer to pkg-audit8 and - periodic8. + 在編譯任何 Port 套件前，請先確認已經如前章節所敘述之方法更新 Port 套件集。安裝任何第三方軟體皆可能會導致安全性漏洞，建議在安裝前先閱讀 了解 Port 已知的安全性問題。或者在每次安裝新 Port 前執行 pkg audit -F。此指令可以設定在每日系統安全性檢查時自動完成安全性稽查以及更新漏洞資料庫。要取得更多資訊，請參考 pkg-audit8 及 periodic8。 使用 Port 套件集會假設您擁有可正常連線的網路，同時也會需要超級使用者的權限。 @@ -6745,7 +6612,7 @@ - Tools to Upgrade and Manage Ports + 升級與管理 Port 的工具 ports upgrading-tools @@ -7061,7 +6928,7 @@ - 自行修正看看！Porter's Handbook 中含有 Port 基礎架構的詳細資訊，可提供資訊讓您可修正偶然損壞的 Port 或甚至您可以提交之自己的 Port。 + 自行修正看看！Porter's Handbook 中含有 Port 基礎架構的詳細資訊，可提供資訊讓您可修正偶然損壞的 Port 或甚至您可以提交之自己的 Port！ @@ -7107,7 +6974,7 @@ 更多有關 Xorg 支援影像硬體資訊，請參考 x.org 網站。 - 讀完這章，您將了解︰ + 讀完這章，您將了解： @@ -7131,7 +6998,7 @@ - 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰ + 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要： @@ -7319,37 +7186,28 @@ 顯示卡 - Because of changes made in recent versions of FreeBSD, it - is now possible to use graphics drivers provided by the Ports - framework or as packages. As such, users can use one of the - following drivers available from - graphics/drm-kmod. + 由於最近 FreeBSD 版本所做的變更，現在可以使用由 Port 或套件所提供的繪圖驅動程式，所以使用者可以使用下列來自 graphics/drm-kmod 的驅動程式。 - Intel KMS driver - Radeon KMS driver - AMD KMS driver + Intel KMS 驅動程式 + Radeon KMS 驅動程式 + AMD KMS 驅動程式 - 2D and 3D acceleration is supported on most - Intel KMS driver graphics cards provided by Intel. + 大多數使用 Intel KMS 驅動程式的 Intel 顯示卡支援 2D 與 3D 加速。 - Driver name: i915kms + 驅動程式名稱：i915kms - 2D and 3D acceleration is supported on most older - Radeon KMS driver graphics cards provided by AMD. + 大多數使用 Radeon KMS 驅動程式的舊 AMD 顯示卡支援 2D 與 3D 加速。 - Driver name: radeonkms + 驅動程式名稱：radeonkms - 2D and 3D acceleration is supported on most newer - AMD KMS driver graphics cards provided by AMD. + 大多數使用 AMD KMS 驅動程式的新 AMD 顯示卡支援 2D 與 3D 加速。 - Driver name: amdgpu + 驅動程式名稱：amdgpu - For reference, please see - or - for a list of supported GPUs. + 參考文獻請至 或至 取得支援的 GPU 清單。 @@ -7761,14 +7619,14 @@ Load "freetype" - 現在要建立一個儲存 TrueType 字型的目錄 (例如，/usr/local/share/fonts/TrueType) 然後複製所有 TrueType 字型到這個目錄。要注意 TrueType 字型並無法直接取自 Apple Mac，Xorg 使用的字型必須為 UNIX/MS-DOS/Windows 的格式。檔案複製到讓目錄之後，使用 mkfontdir 來建立 fonts.dir 來讓 X 字型繪製程式知道安裝了新的檔案。mkfontdir 可用套件的方式安裝： + 現在要建立一個儲存 TrueType 字型的目錄 (例如，/usr/local/share/fonts/TrueType) 然後複製所有 TrueType 字型到這個目錄。要注意 TrueType 字型並無法直接取自 Apple Mac，Xorg 使用的字型必須為 UNIX/MS-DOS/Windows 的格式。檔案複製到讓目錄之後，使用 mkfontscale 來建立 fonts.dir 來讓 X 字型繪製程式知道安裝了新的檔案。mkfontscale 可用套件的方式安裝： - # pkg install mkfontdir + # pkg install mkfontscale 然後在目錄中建立 X 字型檔的索引： # cd /usr/local/share/fonts/TrueType -# mkfontdir +# mkfontscale 接著加入 TrueType 目錄到字型路徑。這個動作與 中所介紹的方式相同： @@ -7941,14 +7799,7 @@ 更改關 (off) 為開 (on) 然後儲存編輯。在此項目中的 ttyv8 代表 XDM 會在第 9 個虛擬終端機執行。 - The XDM configuration directory - is located in /usr/local/etc/X11/xdm. - This directory contains several files used to change the - behavior and appearance of XDM, as - well as a few scripts and programs used to set up the desktop - when XDM is running. summarizes the function of each - of these files. The exact syntax and usage of these files is - described in xdm1. + XDM 的設定目錄位於 /usr/local/etc/X11/xdm。此目錄中包含數個可用來更改 XDM 行為與外觀的檔案以及在 XDM 執行時用來設定桌面的一些 Script 及程式， 摘要了每個檔案的功能。這些檔案正確的語法與用法在 xdm1 有說明。 XDM 設定檔 @@ -7979,10 +7830,7 @@ Xsession - Default session script for logins which is run by - XDM after a user has logged - in. This points to a customized session - script in ~/.xsession. + 預設的登入階段 Script，使用者登入之後由 XDM 執行。這會指向使用者自訂的登入階段 Script 於 ~/.xsession。 @@ -8014,20 +7862,13 @@ 預設只有同系統的使用者可以使用 XDM 登入。要開啟讓其他系統的使用者可連線到顯示伺服器，需編輯存取控制規則及開啟連線傾聽程式。 - To configure XDM to listen for - any remote connection, comment out the - DisplayManager.requestPort line in - /usr/local/etc/X11/xdm/xdm-config by - putting a ! in front of it: + 要設定 XDM 傾聽任何遠端的連線，在 /usr/local/etc/X11/xdm/xdm-config 中的 DisplayManager.requestPort 行前加上 ! 來註解該行： ! SECURITY: do not listen for XDMCP or Chooser requests ! Comment out this line if you want to manage X terminals with xdm DisplayManager.requestPort: 0 - Save the edits and restart XDM. - To restrict remote access, look at the example entries in - /usr/local/etc/X11/xdm/Xaccess and refer - to xdm1 for further information. + 儲存編輯並重新啟動 XDM，要限制遠端存取，請看 /usr/local/etc/X11/xdm/Xaccess 中的範例項目，並參考 xdm1 取得進一步資訊。 @@ -8064,7 +7905,7 @@ # cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome3 # make install clean - GNOME 需要掛載 /proc。加入下行到 /etc/fstab 讓系統啟動時會自動掛載這個檔案系統。 + GNOME 需要掛載 /proc。加入下行到 /etc/fstab 讓系統啟動時會自動掛載這個檔案系統： proc /proc procfs rw 0 0 @@ -8101,11 +7942,11 @@ 要安裝 KDE 套件，請輸入： - # pkg install x11/kde4 + # pkg install x11/kde5 或者要使用 KDE Port 編譯，可使用以下指令，採用 Port 方式安裝會有選單可以選擇要安裝的元件。KDE 是一個大型的應用程式，即使在較快的電腦上仍需要花費一段時間來編譯。 - # cd /usr/ports/x11/kde4 + # cd /usr/ports/x11/kde5 # make install clean @@ -8122,17 +7963,21 @@ dbus_enable="YES" hald_enable="YES" - KDE 的安裝包含了 KDE Display Manager, KDM，要開啟這個顯示管理程式，需加入下行到 /etc/rc.conf： + 自 KDE Plasma 5 開始，KDE Display Manager, KDM 便停止開發，可能的替代方案為 SDDM，要安裝該套件可輸入： - kdm4_enable="YES" + # pkg install x11/sddm + 加入下行到 /etc/rc.conf： + + sddm_enable="YES" + 第二種執行 KDE 的方法是在在指令列輸入 startx。要採用這個方式，需要加入下行到 ~/.xinitrc： - exec /usr/local/bin/startkde + exec ck-launch-session startkde 第三種啟動 KDE 的方式是透過 XDM，要使用這個方法需要建立一個可執行的 ~/.xsession 如下： - % echo "exec /usr/local/bin/startkde" > ~/.xsession + % echo "exec ck-launch-session startkde" > ~/.xsession 啟動 KDE 之後，請參考內建的說明系統來取得更多有關如何使用各種選單及應用程式的資訊。 @@ -8151,22 +7996,11 @@ # cd /usr/ports/x11-wm/xfce4 # make install clean - Xfce uses - D-Bus for a message bus. This - application is automatically installed as dependency of - Xfce. Enable it in - /etc/rc.conf so it will be started when - the system boots: + Xfce 使用了 D-Bus 作為 Message bus，由於是 Xfce 的相依，因此會自動安裝，但仍要在 /etc/rc.conf 中開啟該程式才會在系統開機時啟動： dbus_enable="YES" - Unlike GNOME or - KDE, - Xfce does not provide its own login - manager. In order to start Xfce - from the command line by typing startx, - first create ~/.xinitrc with this - command: + 不像 GNOME 或 KDE，Xfce 並沒有自己的登入管理程式，要能用 startx 指令列啟動 Xfce 之前需先加入其項目到 ~/.xinitrc： % echo ". /usr/local/etc/xdg/xfce4/xinitrc" > ~/.xinitrc @@ -8660,12 +8494,7 @@ Firefox - Firefox is an open source - browser that features a - standards-compliant HTML display engine, tabbed browsing, - popup blocking, extensions, improved security, and more. - Firefox is based on the - Mozilla codebase. + Firefox 是一套開放源始碼的瀏覽器，它具備符合 HTML 標準的顯示引擎、頁籤瀏覽、彈出視窗封鎖、擴充套件、強化安全性及其他更多功能。Firefox 的基礎使用了 Mozilla 的程式庫。 要安裝最新釋出版本的 Firefox 套件可輸入： @@ -8696,18 +8525,14 @@ # pkg install opera - 或者，可安裝 Port 套件集中的版本，以下範例會編譯原生的版本。 + 或者，可安裝 Port 套件集中的版本，以下範例會編譯原生的版本： # cd /usr/ports/www/opera # make install clean 要安裝 Linux 則替換 opera 為 linux-opera。 - To install Adobe Flash plugin support, first compile - the www/linux-flashplayer - port. Licensing restrictions prevent making a package - available. Then install www/opera-linuxplugins. This example - compiles both applications from ports: + 要安裝 Adobe Flash 附加元件，需先編譯 www/linux-flashplayer Port，因受到授權條款限制無法事先編譯為 Binary 套件。然後再安裝 www/opera-linuxplugins。以下範例示範如何編譯 Port 中的這兩個應用程式： # cd /usr/ports/www/linux-flashplayer # make install clean @@ -8716,9 +8541,7 @@ 安裝完成後，開啟瀏覽器檢查附加元件是否存在，在網址列輸入 opera:plugins 並按下 Enter 鍵，便會有清單顯示目前可用的附加元件。 - To add the Java plugin, - follow install - java/icedtea-web. + 若要安裝 Java 附加元件請接著安裝 java/icedtea-web。 @@ -8771,15 +8594,9 @@ 辦工工具 - When it comes to productivity, users often look for an - office suite or an easy-to-use word processor. While some - desktop environments like - KDE provide an office suite, there - is no default productivity package. Several office suites and - graphical word processors are available for FreeBSD, regardless - of the installed window manager. + 當開始進行辦公，使用者通常會找好用的辦公軟體或是好上手的文書處理程式。 雖然有些 桌面環境 像是 KDE 已經提供了辦公軟體，但並沒有預設的辦公軟體，FreeBSD 提供多套辦公軟體以及圖型化文書處理程式，不論您用那種的視窗管理程式都能使用。 - 本章節元範如何安裝以下熱門的辦工軟體以及說明該應用程式所需的資源、自 Port 編譯的時間或者是否有其他主要相依套件。 + 本章節元範如何安裝以下熱門的辦公軟體以及說明該應用程式所需的資源、自 Port 編譯的時間或者是否有其他主要相依套件。 @@ -9282,7 +9099,7 @@ FreeBSD 廣泛地支援各種音效卡， 讓使用者可以享受來自電腦上的高傳真音質(Hi-Fi)， 此外還包括了錄製和播放 MPEG Audio Layer 3 (MP3)、 Waveform Audio File (WAV)、Ogg Vorbis 以及其他許多種格式聲音的能力。同時 FreeBSD Port 套件集也包含了許多可讓您可以錄音、編修音效以及控制 MIDI 配備的應用程式。 - FreeBSD 也能播放一般的視訊檔和 DVD。 FreeBSD Port 套件集中含有可編碼、轉換以及播放格種影像媒體的應用程式。 + FreeBSD 也能播放一般的視訊檔和 DVD。 FreeBSD Port 套件集中含有可編碼、轉換以及播放格種影像媒體的應用程式。 本章會說明如何設定 FreeBSD 上的音效卡、影像播放器、電視卡及掃描器。同時會說明有那些應用程式可以使用這些裝置。 @@ -9318,15 +9135,19 @@ - 在 FreeBSD 安裝 MythTV 。 + 在 FreeBSD 安裝 MythTV 設定影像掃描機。 + + + 設定藍芽耳機。 + - 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰ + 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要： 知道如何安裝應用程式如 所敘述。 @@ -9360,19 +9181,14 @@ PCI sound cards - Before beginning the configuration, determine the model of - the sound card and the chip it uses. FreeBSD supports a wide - variety of sound cards. Check the supported audio devices - list of the Hardware - Notes to see if the card is supported and which FreeBSD - driver it uses. + 開始設定之前，必須先知道你的音效卡型號、晶片為何。 FreeBSD 支援許多種音效卡，請檢查支援的音效硬體表 Hardware Notes，以確認你的音效卡是否支援以及如何在 FreeBSD 上驅動。 kernel configuration - 要使用音效裝置，必須要載入正確的驅動程式才行。最簡單方式就是以 kldload8 來載入核心模組。以下範例示範載入 Intel 規格內建的音效晶片驅動程式。 + 要使用音效裝置，必須要載入正確的驅動程式才行。最簡單方式就是以 kldload8 來載入核心模組。以下範例示範載入 Intel 規格內建的音效晶片驅動程式： # kldload snd_hda @@ -9509,6 +9325,46 @@ + + 設定藍芽音效裝置 + + 藍牙音訊 + + Connecting to a Bluetooth device is out of scope for this + chapter. Refer to for more information. + + To get Bluetooth sound sink working with FreeBSD's sound + system, users have to install + audio/virtual_oss first: + + # pkg install virtual_oss + + audio/virtual_oss requires + cuse to be loaded into the kernel: + + # kldload cuse + + To load cuse during system startup, run + this command: + + # sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf cuse_load=yes + + To use headphones as a sound sink with + audio/virtual_oss, users need to create a + virtual device after connecting to a Bluetooth audio + device: + + # virtual_oss -C 2 -c 2 -r 48000 -b 16 -s 768 -R /dev/null -P /dev/bluetooth/headphones -d dsp + + + headphones in this example is + a hostname from /etc/bluetooth/hosts. + BT_ADDR could be used instead. + + + 請參考 virtual_oss8 取得更多資訊。 + + 疑難排解音效 @@ -10683,7 +10539,7 @@ # pkg install xsane sane-frontends - 或由 Port 套件集安裝： + 或由 Port 套件集安裝 # cd /usr/ports/graphics/sane-frontends # make install clean @@ -10853,7 +10709,7 @@ 核心 (Kernel) 是 FreeBSD 作業系統最重要的部份之一。它負責記憶體管理、安全控管、網路、硬碟存取等等。 儘管目前 FreeBSD 大多可以用動態設定， 但有時仍需要設定並編譯自訂的核心。 - 讀完這章，您將了解︰ + 讀完這章，您將了解： @@ -10893,7 +10749,7 @@ 儘管如此，還是有一些功能因使用到靜態的核心設定須要編譯，因為這些功能與核心緊密結合，無法將做成可動態載入的模組。且部份強調安全性的環境會盡量避免載入與卸載核心模組，且只要將需要的功能靜態的編譯到核心當中。 - 編譯自訂的核心幾乎是每位進階的 BSD 使用者所必須經歷的過程。儘管這項工作可能比較耗時，但在 FreeBSD 的使用上會有許多好處。 跟必須支援大多數各式硬體的 GENERIC 核心相比的話， 自訂的核心可以更『體貼』，只支援『自己硬體』的部分就好。 自訂核心有許多項優點，如︰ + 編譯自訂的核心幾乎是每位進階的 BSD 使用者所必須經歷的過程。儘管這項工作可能比較耗時，但在 FreeBSD 的使用上會有許多好處。 跟必須支援大多數各式硬體的 GENERIC 核心相比的話， 自訂的核心可以更『體貼』，只支援『自己硬體』的部分就好。 自訂核心有許多項優點，如： @@ -10992,19 +10848,7 @@ 若 /usr/src/ 目錄不存在或者是空的，代表尚未安裝。原始碼可以使用 Subversion 並依據 中的操作說明來安裝。 - Once source is installed, review the contents of - /usr/src/sys. This directory contains a - number of subdirectories, including those which represent the - following supported architectures: amd64, - i386, ia64, - powerpc, and - sparc64. Everything inside a particular - architecture's directory deals with that architecture only and - the rest of the code is machine independent code common to all - platforms. Each supported architecture has a - conf subdirectory which contains the - GENERIC kernel configuration file for that - architecture. + 完成原始碼安裝完成後，需檢查 /usr/src/sys 內的檔案。該目錄內包含數個子目錄，這些子目錄代表著支援的硬體架構 (Architecture) 如下：amd64, i386, ia64, powerpc 以及 sparc64。在指定架構目錄中的內容只對該架構有效，其餘部份的程式碼與硬體架構無關，可通用所有平台。每個支援的硬體架構中會有 conf 子目錄，裡面含有供該架構使用的 GENERIC 核心設定檔。 請不要直接對 GENERIC 檔案做編輯。複製該檔案為另一個名稱，並對複製出來的檔案做編輯，習慣上檔名會全部使用大寫字元。當維護多台安裝不同的硬體的 FreeBSD 機器時，將檔名後方加上機器的主機名稱 (Host name) 是個不錯的方法。以下範例使用 amd64 架構的 GENERIC 設定檔建立了一個複本名稱為 MYKERNEL： @@ -11958,7 +11802,7 @@ 使用好的核心開機之後，檢查設定檔並嘗試再編譯一次。/var/log/messages 是有用的資源，它在每次成功開機時會記錄核心訊息。同樣的，dmesg8 也會印出自本次開機後的核心訊息。 - 在排除核心問題時，請確定留有 GENERIC 的複本，或者其他已知可以運作的核心，並使用不同的名稱來確保下次編譯時不會被刪除，這很重要，因此每當新的核心被安裝之後，kernel.old 都會被最後安裝的核心覆寫，有可能會無法開機。盡快，透過重新命名將可運作的核心目錄移動到目前運作的核心目錄。 + 在排除核心問題時，請確定留有 GENERIC 的複本，或者其他已知可以運作的核心，並使用不同的名稱來確保下次編譯時不會被刪除，這很重要，因此每當新的核心被安裝之後，kernel.old 都會被最後安裝的核心覆寫，有可能會無法開機。盡快，透過重新命名將可運作的核心目錄移動到目前運作的核心目錄： # mv /boot/kernel /boot/kernel.bad # mv /boot/kernel.good /boot/kernel @@ -12026,7 +11870,7 @@ - 此行是針對連接到 USB 埠的印表機： + 此行是針對連接到 USB 埠的印表機。 連接到並列或 印表器 (Printer) 埠的印表機要使用： @@ -12196,19 +12040,19 @@ PCL 或 PCL5 - print/ghostscript9 + print/ghostscript9-base 單色使用 -sDEVICE=ljet4、彩色使用 -sDEVICE=cljet5 PCLXL 或 PCL6 - print/ghostscript9 + print/ghostscript9-base 單色使用 -sDEVICE=pxlmono、彩色使用 -sDEVICE=pxlcolor ESC/P2 - print/ghostscript9 + print/ghostscript9-base -sDEVICE=uniprint @@ -12225,9 +12069,9 @@ 摘要 - 要最簡單可以列印，可選擇支援 PostScript 的印表機。其次則為支援 PCL 的印表機，有了 print/ghostscript 這些印表機也可像原生支援 PostScript 的印表機一般使用。有直接支援 PostScript 或 PCL 的印表機通常也會直接支援純 ASCII 文字檔案。 + 要可以列印最簡單的方式就是選擇支援 PostScript 的印表機，再來是支援 PCL 的印表機，有了 print/ghostscript9-base 這些印表機也可像原生支援 PostScript 的印表機一般使用。有直接支援 PostScript 或 PCL 的印表機通常也會直接支援純 ASCII 文字檔案。 - 行列式印表機如同典型的噴墨式印表機通常不支援 PostScript 或 PCL，這種印表機通常可以列印純 ASCII 文字檔案。print/ghostscript 支援部份這種印表機使用的 PDL，不過要在這種印表機上列印完全以圖型為基礎的頁面通常會非常緩慢，由於需要傳送大量的資料並列印。 + 行列式印表機如同典型的噴墨式印表機通常不支援 PostScript 或 PCL，這種印表機通常可以列印純 ASCII 文字檔案。print/ghostscript9-base 支援部份這種印表機使用的 PDL，不過要在這種印表機上列印完全以圖型為基礎的頁面通常會非常緩慢，由於需要傳送大量的資料並列印。 以主機為基礎的印表機通常較難設定，有些會因為用了專用的 PDL 而無法使用，盡可能避免使用這類的印表機。 @@ -12513,9 +12357,7 @@ PostScript files to PCL before sending them to the printer. - Install the Ghostscript PostScript interpreter, - print/ghostscript9, from the - Ports Collection. + 由 Port 套件集安裝 Ghostscript PostScript 直譯器，print/ghostscript9-base。 Create /usr/local/libexec/ps2pcl with these contents: @@ -12719,7 +12561,7 @@ instead of a specific printer name, and the command will be applied to all printers. Normal users can view status with lpc8. Only - class="username">root can use + root can use commands which modify printer status. Show the status of all printers: @@ -12967,7 +12809,7 @@ FreeBSD 10.3 後支援 64 位元的 Linux Binary 相容性。 - 讀完這章，您將了解︰ + 讀完這章，您將了解： @@ -12987,7 +12829,7 @@ - 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰ + 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要： @@ -13031,10 +12873,10 @@ 核心選項 COMPAT_LINUX - Since the Linux binary compatibility layer has gained support - for running both 32- and 64-bit Linux binaries (on 64-bit x86 hosts), - it is no longer possible to link the emulation functionality statically - into a custom kernel. + Since the Linux binary compatibility layer has gained + support for running both 32- and 64-bit Linux binaries (on + 64-bit x86 hosts), it is no longer possible to link the + emulation functionality statically into a custom kernel. 手動安裝其他程式庫 @@ -13500,8 +13342,7 @@ - - When asked for the &matlab; + When asked for the &matlab; root directory, type: /compat/linux/usr/local/matlab. @@ -14036,8 +13877,8 @@ FreeBSD, system call entry points. Linux mode dynamically reroots - lookups. This is, in effect, equivalent to the - option to file system mounts. First, an + lookups. This is, in effect, equivalent to + to file system mounts. First, an attempt is made to lookup the file in /compat/linux/original-path. If that fails, the lookup is done in @@ -14139,7 +13980,7 @@ 在 FreeBSD 使用過程中，相當重要的環節之一就是如何正確設定系統。 本章著重於介紹 FreeBSD 的設定流程，包括一些可以調整 FreeBSD 效能的參數設定。 - 讀完這章，您將了解︰ + 讀完這章，您將了解： @@ -14167,7 +14008,7 @@ - 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰ + 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要： @@ -14707,7 +14548,7 @@ 加入這行之後，接著依據 指示操作。 - 若網路在安裝時已設定，可能會已經有 NIC 的設定項目。在加入任何設定前請再次檢查 /etc/rc.conf。 + 若網路在安裝時已設定，可能會已經有 NIC 的設定項目。在加入任何設定前請再次檢查 /etc/rc.conf。 在這個例中，沒有 DHCP 伺服器，必須手動設定 NIC。提每一個在系統上的 NIC 加入一行設定，如此例： @@ -17219,10 +17060,8 @@ 系統開機之後，啟動畫面預設會作為螢幕保護程式，一段時間未使用便會顯示啟動畫面，並且會循環更改影像的亮度，從明亮到非常暗，然後再繼續循環。啟動螢幕保護程式的設定可在 /etc/rc.conf 增加一行 saver= 來更改。有許多內建的螢幕保護程式可用，在 splash4 中有說明。saver= 的選項只會套用至虛擬 Console，對圖型化顯示管理程式並不會有任何影響。 - 範例啟動畫面檔可到位於 http://artwork.freebsdgr.org 的圖庫下載。安裝 sysutils/bsd-splash-changer 套件或 Port，可以在開機時隨機顯示圖片集中的啟動畫面。 + 透過安裝 sysutils/bsd-splash-changer 套件或 Port，可在開機時顯示隨機挑選的啟動畫面。啟動畫面功能支援 256 色的點陣圖 (.bmp)、ZSoft PCX (.pcx) 或 TheDraw (.bin) 格式。.bmp, .pcx 或 .bin 圖片必須放在根分割區，例如於 /boot。啟動圖片檔必須使用 320x200 像素或更低的解析度以能夠在標準 VGA 介面卡上運作，要在預設 256 色、320x200 像素或更低的解析度設定開機啟動圖片，可加入下行到 /boot/loader.conf，並替換 splash.bmp 為實際要使用的點陣圖檔： - 啟動畫面功能支援 256 色的點陣圖 (.bmp)、ZSoft PCX (.pcx) 或 TheDraw (.bin) 格式。.bmp, .pcx 或 .bin 圖片必須放在根分割區，例如於 /boot。啟動圖片檔必須使用 320x200 像素或更低的解析度以能夠在標準 VGA 介面卡上運作，要在預設 256 色、 320x200 像素或更低的解析度設定開機啟動圖片，可加入下行到 /boot/loader.conf，並替換 splash.bmp 為實際要使用的點陣圖檔： - splash_bmp_load="YES" bitmap_load="YES" bitmap_name="/boot/splash.bmp" @@ -17256,7 +17095,7 @@ loader_logo="beastie" - 這個選項會替換預設與上色的小惡魔圖示一起顯示於開機選項選單右側的 FreeBSD 文字， + 這個選項會替換預設與上色的小惡魔圖示一起顯示於開機選項選單右側的 FreeBSD 文字。 @@ -17382,7 +17221,7 @@ 在此章會討論幾個基本原理及技術。FreeBSD 系統的安全性有許多層面，且有許多第三方工具可以用來增加安全性。 - 讀完這章，您將了解︰ + 讀完這章，您將了解： @@ -17410,7 +17249,7 @@ - 如何在 FreeBSD 設定並使用 OpenSSH + 如何在 FreeBSD 設定並使用 OpenSSH。 @@ -17434,7 +17273,7 @@ - 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰ + 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要： @@ -17467,11 +17306,11 @@ 要確保一個系統的安全最好的起點便是做好帳號的稽查，確保 root 使用了一個強而有力的密碼，並這個密碼未在其他地方使用過，然後關閉任何無須登入存取權的帳號。 - 要關閉帳號的存取權登入有兩種方法，第一種是鎖定帳號，以下範例會鎖定 toor 帳號： + 要防止登入存取帳號有兩種方法，第一種是鎖定帳號，以下範例會鎖定 toor 帳號： # pw lock toor - 第二個關閉登入存取權的方式是更改 Shell 為 /sbin/nologin，只有超級使用者可以更改其他使用者的 Shell： + 第二種防止登入存取的方式是狀 Shell 更改為 /usr/sbin/nologin，只有超級使用者可以更改其他使用者的 Shell： # chsh -s /usr/sbin/nologin toor @@ -18626,7 +18465,7 @@ - RFC + RFC 4120, The Kerberos Network Authentication Service (V5) @@ -18638,7 +18477,7 @@ - Heimdal + Heimdal Kerberos home page @@ -18669,39 +18508,28 @@ services. The version of OpenSSL included - in FreeBSD supports the Secure Sockets Layer v2/v3 (SSLv2/SSLv3) - and Transport Layer Security v1 (TLSv1) network security + in FreeBSD supports the Secure Sockets Layer 3.0 (SSLv3) + and Transport Layer Security 1.0/1.1/1.2 (TLSv1/TLSv1.1/TLSv1.2) + network security protocols and can be used as a general cryptographic - library. + library. In FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE and above, OpenSSL also supports + Transport Layer Security 1.3 (TLSv1.3). OpenSSL is often used to encrypt authentication of mail clients and to secure web based transactions such as credit card payments. Some ports, such as www/apache24 and - databases/postgresql91-server, include a + databases/postgresql11-server, include a compile option for building with - OpenSSL. + OpenSSL. If selected, the port will + add support using OpenSSL from the + base system. To instead have the port compile against + OpenSSL from the + security/openssl port, add the following to + /etc/make.conf: - FreeBSD provides two versions of - OpenSSL: one in the base system and - one in the Ports Collection. Users can choose which version to - use by default for other ports using the following knobs: + DEFAULT_VERSIONS+= ssl=openssl - - - WITH_OPENSSL_PORT: when set, the port will use - OpenSSL from the - security/openssl port, even if the - version in the base system is up to date or newer. - - - - WITH_OPENSSL_BASE: when set, the port will compile - against OpenSSL provided by the - base system. - - - Another common use of OpenSSL is to provide certificates for use with software applications. Certificates can be used to verify the credentials of a company @@ -19616,8 +19444,7 @@ AllowUsers root@192.168.1.32 admin - 在對 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 做完變更後，執行以下指令告訴 sshd 重新載入設定檔： - + 在對 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 做完變更後，執行以下指令告訴 sshd 重新載入設定檔： # service sshd reload @@ -20213,11 +20040,21 @@ Before using process accounting, it must be enabled using the following commands: - # touch /var/account/acct -# chmod 600 /var/account/acct -# accton /var/account/acct -# sysrc accounting_enable=yes + # sysrc accounting_enable=yes +# service accounting start + The accounting information is stored in files located in + /var/account, which is automatically created, + if necessary, the first time the accounting service starts. + These files contain sensitive information, including all the + commands issued by all users. Write access to the files is + limited to root, + and read access is limited to root and members of the + wheel group. + To also prevent members of wheel from reading the files, + change the mode of the /var/account + directory to allow access only by root. + Once enabled, accounting will begin to track information such as CPU statistics and executed commands. All accounting logs are in a non-human readable @@ -20661,7 +20498,7 @@ 這個目錄會在記錄功能設定之後自動建立，最好讓系統以預設的權限來建立目錄比較保險，除此之外，這個設定項目也會記錄使用 sudoreplay 指令的管理者，要更改設定請閱讀並取消在 sudoers 中記錄選項的註解。 - 一旦這個設定加入至 sudoers 檔案之後，所有的使用者設定項目便可加上記錄存取動作的項目，在 webteam 項目加入額外設定之後的範例如下： + 一旦這個設定加入至 sudoers 檔案之後，所有的使用者設定項目便可加上記錄存取動作的項目，在 webteam 項目加入額外設定之後的範例如下： %webteam ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: LOG_INPUT: LOG_OUTPUT: /usr/sbin/service webservice * @@ -20733,7 +20570,7 @@ 本章將提供 FreeBSD Jail 術語及管理指令的概述，Jail 對系統管理者及進階的使用者來二者來說皆是強大的工具。 - 讀完這章，您將了解︰ + 讀完這章，您將了解： @@ -20813,17 +20650,26 @@ 當使用安裝 ISO 時，可依 mdconfig8 中的說明掛載安裝媒體： - # mount -t cd9660 /dev/`mdconfig -f cdimage.iso` /mnt + # mount -t cd9660 /dev/`mdconfig -f cdimage.iso` /mnt +# cd /mnt/usr/freebsd-dist/ + 或者自鏡像站下載 Tarball 壓縮檔： + + # sh +# export DESTRELEASE=12.0-RELEASE +# export DESTARCH=`uname -m` +# export SOURCEURL=http://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/$DESTARCH/$DESTRELEASE/ +# for set in base ports; do fetch $SOURCEURL/$set.txz ; done + 從安裝媒體上的 Tarball 中取出 Binary 並放到宣告的位置，至少需要取出 Base set 的部份，若需要也可完整安裝。 只安裝基礎系統 (Base system)： - # tar -xf /mnt/usr/freebsd-dist/base.txz -C $DESTDIR + # tar -xf base.txz -C $DESTDIR 安裝全部不含核心： - # for set in base ports; do tar -xf /mnt/usr/freebsd-dist/$set.txz -C $DESTDIR ; done + # for set in base ports; do tar -xf $set.txz -C $DESTDIR ; done 依 jail8 操作手冊說明的程序建置 Jail： @@ -20857,14 +20703,13 @@ - Jail 安裝完成之後，便可使用 jail8 工具來啟動。jail8 工具需要四個必要參數，在 有說明。其他參數也可能需要指定，例如要使用特定使用者的身份來執行要 Jail 的程序。 參數依 Jail 的類型所需而定，對一個 虛擬系統 來說，/etc/rc 是不錯的選擇，因為該檔案可以模仿真實 FreeBSD 的啟動順序。對於 服務的 Jail 來說，則看在 Jail 中要執行的服務或應用程式來決定。 + Jail 安裝完成之後，便可使用 jail8 工具來啟動。jail8 工具需要四個必要參數，在 有說明。其他參數也可能需要指定，例如要使用特定使用者的身份來執行要 Jail 的程序。 參數依 Jail 的類型所需而定，對一個 虛擬系統 來說，/etc/rc 是不錯的選擇，因為該檔案可以模仿真實 FreeBSD 的啟動順序。對於 服務型 的 Jail 來說，則看在 Jail 中要執行的服務或應用程式來決定。 Jail 通常會需要隨著開機執行，使用 FreeBSD rc 機制可讓以簡單的達成這件事。 - Configure jail parameters in - jail.conf: + 在 jail.conf 中設定 jail 參數： www { host.hostname = www.example.org; # Hostname ip4.addr = 192.168.0.10; # IP address of the jail @@ -20875,29 +20720,19 @@ exec.stop = "/bin/sh /etc/rc.shutdown"; # Stop command } - Configure jails to start at boot time in - rc.conf: + 在 rc.conf 中設定開機時啟動 Jail： jail_enable="YES" # Set to NO to disable starting of any jails - The default startup of jails configured in - jail.conf5, will run the /etc/rc - script of the jail, which assumes the jail is a complete - virtual system. For service jails, the default startup - command of the jail should be changed, by setting the - exec.start - option appropriately. + 預設要啟動的 Jail 可在 jail.conf5 設定，會把 Jail 當作是一個完全虛擬的系統，然後執行 Jail 中的 /etc/rc Script。針對服務型的 Jail 則需透過設定 exec.start 選項來適當更改 Jail 的預設啟動指令。 - For a full list of available options, please see the - jail.conf5 manual page. + 要取得完整可用選項的清單，請參考 jail.conf5操作手冊。 - service8 can be used to start or stop a jail by hand, - if an entry for it exists in - jail.conf: + 若 Jail 項目已經在 jail.conf 中設定好，可以手動用 service8 來啟動或停止某個 Jail 項目： # service jail start www # service jail stop www @@ -22196,7 +22031,7 @@ and the set of pluggable security policy modules FreeBSD provides for enabling various security mechanisms. - 讀完這章，您將了解︰ + 讀完這章，您將了解： @@ -22232,7 +22067,7 @@ - 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰ + 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要： @@ -23961,7 +23796,7 @@ of event auditing. It explains audit policies and provides an example audit configuration. - 讀完這章，您將了解︰ + 讀完這章，您將了解： @@ -23979,7 +23814,7 @@ - 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰ + 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要： @@ -24674,7 +24509,7 @@ 本章涵蓋如何在 FreeBSD 下使用磁碟及儲存媒體，這包含 SCSI 及 IDE 磁碟、CD 及 DVD 媒體、記憶體磁碟及 USB 儲存裝置。 - 讀完這章，您將了解︰ + 讀完這章，您將了解： @@ -24718,7 +24553,7 @@ - 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰ + 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要： @@ -24848,20 +24683,13 @@ 79691810 4194236 3 freebsd-swap (2G) 83886046 18513921 - free - (8.8G) - Partitions can only be resized into contiguous free space. - Here, the last partition on the disk is the swap partition, but - the second partition is the one that needs to be resized. Swap - partitions only contain temporary data, so it can safely be - unmounted, deleted, and then recreate the third partition after - resizing the second partition. + 分割區只能在連續的未使用空間上重設大小。在這個例子中，磁碟上最後的分割區為交換 (Swap) 分割區，而第二個分割區才是需要重設大小的分割區。由於交換分割區中只會有暫存的資料，所以此時可以安全的卸載、刪除，然後在重設第二個分割區大小之後再重建最後一個分割區。 - Disable the swap partition: + 停用交換分割區： # swapoff /dev/ada0p3 - Delete the third partition, specified by the - flag, from the disk - ada0. + 刪除 ada0 磁碟上的第三個分割區，可使用 參數來指定分割區。 # gpart delete -i 3 ada0 @@ -24878,13 +24706,7 @@ # sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=16 - Resize the partition, leaving room to recreate a swap - partition of the desired size. The partition to resize is - specified with , and the new desired size - with . Optionally, alignment of the - partition is controlled with . This only - modifies the size of the partition. The file system in the - partition will be expanded in a separate step. + 重設分割區大小並保留要用來重建交換分割區的空間，要重設大小的分割區可以用 來指定，而要重設的大小可用 來指定，若要對齊分割區可以使用 。這個動作只會修改分割區大小，分割區中的檔案系統需在另一個步驟擴增。 # gpart resize -i 2 -s 47G -a 4k ada0 ada0p2 resized @@ -24894,9 +24716,7 @@ 162 98566144 2 freebsd-ufs (47G) 98566306 3833661 - free - (1.8G) - Recreate the swap partition and activate it. If no size - is specified with , all remaining space is - used: + 重建交換分割區並且啟動，若不使用 指定大小則會使用所有剩餘的空間： # gpart add -t freebsd-swap -a 4k ada0 ada0p3 added @@ -24917,11 +24737,9 @@ 80781312, 82063552, 83345792, 84628032, 85910272, 87192512, 88474752, 89756992, 91039232, 92321472, 93603712, 94885952, 96168192, 97450432 - If the file system is ZFS, the resize is - triggered by running the subcommand with - : + 若檔案系統使用 ZFS，重設大小需執行 子指令並使用 來觸發動作： - # zpool online -e zroot /dev/ada0p2 + # zpool online -e zroot /dev/ada0p2 現在分割區與檔案系統已透過重設大小來使用新增加的磁碟空間。 @@ -26275,7 +26093,7 @@ 在安全的地方保存這份列印結果與安裝媒體的複本，在緊急還原時可能會需要，接著開機進入安裝媒體並選擇 Live CD 以存取救援 Shell (Rescue shell)，這個救援模式可以用來檢視目前系統的狀態，若有需要，可重新格式化磁碟然後自備份還原資料。 - FreeBSD/i386 10.4-RELEASE 的安裝媒體未含救援 Shell，針對該版本，可改自 ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/10.4/FreeBSD-10.4-RELEASE-i386-livefs.iso 下載 Livefs CD 映像檔並燒錄。 + FreeBSD/i386 11.2-RELEASE 的安裝媒體未內含救援 Shell，針對該版本，可改自 ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/11.2/FreeBSD-11.2-RELEASE-i386-livefs.iso 下載 Livefs CD 映像檔並燒錄。 然後，測試救援 Shell 下的備份。記錄下整個程序，將這份記錄隨媒體、列印結果、備份檔一併保存，這份記錄可以避免在緊張壓力下做緊急還原時因不慎造成備份的毀壞。 @@ -26395,7 +26213,7 @@ /dev/md1 4718 4 4338 0% /mnt To create a new file-backed memory disk, first allocate an - area of disk to use. This example creates an empty 5K file + area of disk to use. This example creates an empty 5MB file named newimage: # dd if=/dev/zero of=newimage bs=1k count=5k @@ -26409,7 +26227,7 @@ # mdconfig -f newimage -u 0 # bsdlabel -w md0 auto -# newfs md0a +# newfs -U md0a /dev/md0a: 5.0MB (10224 sectors) block size 16384, fragment size 2048 using 4 cylinder groups of 1.25MB, 80 blks, 192 inodes. super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: @@ -27955,7 +27773,7 @@ GEOM-supported RAID classifications are discussed. - 讀完這章，您將了解︰ + 讀完這章，您將了解： @@ -27980,7 +27798,7 @@ - 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰ + 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要： @@ -30352,7 +30170,7 @@ 寫入隨機的資料到鏡像的第一個磁碟來模擬資料損毀的情況。要避免 ZFS 偵測到錯誤時馬上做修復，接著要將儲存池匯出，待模擬資料損毀之後再匯入。 - 這是一個危險的操作，會破壞重要的資料。在這裡使用僅為了示範用，不應在儲存池正常運作時嘗試使用，也不應將這個故意損壞資料的例子用在任何其他的檔案系統上，所以請勿使用任何不屬於該儲存池的其他磁碟裝置名稱並確定在執行指令前已對儲存池做正確的備份。 + 這是一個危險的操作，會破壞重要的資料。在這裡使用僅為了示範用，不應在儲存池正常運作時嘗試使用，也不應將這個故意損壞資料的例子用在任何其他的檔案系統上，所以請勿使用任何不屬於該儲存池的其他磁碟裝置名稱並確定在執行指令前已對儲存池做正確的備份！ # zpool export healer @@ -30598,26 +30416,17 @@ filesystem_limits - The boot code on systems that boot from a pool must be - updated to support the new pool version. Use - gpart bootcode on the partition that - contains the boot code. There are two types of bootcode - available, depending on way the system boots: - GPT (the most common option) and - EFI (for more modern systems). + 在使用儲存池來開機的系統上的 Boot code 也必須一併更新來支援新的儲存池版本，可在含有 Boot code 的分割區使用 gpart bootcode 來更新。目前有兩種 Boot code 可使用，需視系統開機的方式使用：GPT (最常用的選項) 以及 EFI (較新的系統)。 - For legacy boot using GPT, use the following - command: + 針對傳統使用 GPT 開機的系統，可以使用以下指令： # gpart bootcode -b /boot/pmbr -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada1 - For systems using EFI to boot, execute the following - command: + 針對使用 EFI 開機的系統可以執行以下指令： # gpart bootcode -p /boot/boot1.efifat -i 1 ada1 - Apply the bootcode to all bootable disks in the pool. - See gpart8 for more information. + 套用 Boot code 到所有儲存池中可開機的磁碟。請參考 gpart8 以取得更多資訊。 @@ -31274,19 +31083,7 @@ 透過 <application>SSH</application> 傳送加密的備份 - Sending streams over the network is a good way to keep a - remote backup, but it does come with a drawback. Data sent - over the network link is not encrypted, allowing anyone to - intercept and transform the streams back into data without - the knowledge of the sending user. This is undesirable, - especially when sending the streams over the internet to a - remote host. SSH can be used to - securely encrypt data send over a network connection. Since - ZFS only requires the stream to be - redirected from standard output, it is relatively easy to - pipe it through SSH. To keep the - contents of the file system encrypted in transit and on the - remote system, consider using PEFS. + 透過網路來傳送串流是一個做遠端備份不錯的方式，但是也有一些缺點，透過網路連線傳送的資料沒有加密，這會讓任何人都可以在未告知傳送方的情況下攔截並轉換串流回資料，這是我們所不想見到的情況，特別是在使用網際網路傳送串流到遠端的主機時。SSH 可用來加密要透過網路連線傳送的資料，在 ZFS 只需要將串流重新導向到標準輸出，如此一來便可簡單的轉接到 SSH。若要讓檔案系統內容在傳送或在遠端系統中也維持在加密的狀態可考慮使用 PEFS。 有一些設定以及安全性注意事項必須先完成，只有對 zfs send 操作必要的步驟才會在此說明，要取得更多有關 SSH 的資訊請參考 。 @@ -31532,8 +31329,8 @@ vfs.zfs.arc_max - Maximum size of the ARC. - The default is all RAM less 1 GB, - or one half of RAM, whichever is more. + The default is all RAM but 1 GB, + or 5/8 of all RAM, whichever is more. However, a lower value should be used if the system will be running any other daemons or processes that may require memory. This value can be adjusted at runtime with @@ -31774,7 +31571,7 @@ Make sure that extra line is placed after +@IT_EMP:::::::::. Otherwise, all user accounts imported from NIS will have - /sbin/nologin as their login + /usr/sbin/nologin as their login shell and no one will be able to login to the system. To configure the less important servers, replace the old @@ -44160,14 +43990,14 @@ +@IT_EMP::::::::: +@IT_APP::::::::: -+:::::::::/sbin/nologin ++:::::::::/usr/sbin/nologin The corresponding lines for the workstations would be: +@IT_EMP::::::::: +@USERS::::::::: -+:::::::::/sbin/nologin ++:::::::::/usr/sbin/nologin NIS supports the creation of netgroups from other netgroups which can be useful if the policy regarding user @@ -44199,12 +44029,12 @@ system contains two lines starting with +. The first line adds a netgroup with the accounts allowed to login onto this machine and the second line adds all other - accounts with /sbin/nologin as shell. It - is recommended to use the ALL-CAPS version of - the hostname as the name of the netgroup: + accounts with /usr/sbin/nologin as shell. + It is recommended to use the ALL-CAPS version + of the hostname as the name of the netgroup: +@BOXNAME::::::::: -+:::::::::/sbin/nologin ++:::::::::/usr/sbin/nologin Once this task is completed on all the machines, there is no longer a need to modify the local versions of @@ -44312,9 +44142,18 @@ Tom Rhodes - Written by + Originally contributed by + + + + Rocky + Hotas + + Updates by + + LDAP @@ -44363,162 +44202,280 @@ LDAP Server - FreeBSD 並未提供內建的 LDAP 伺服器，因此要從安裝 net/openldap24-server 套件或 Port 開始設置。由於 Port 有許多可以設定的選項，建議安裝套件使用預設的選項，若選項必須做修改才改用編譯 Port 的方式安裝，大多數的案例皆可使用預設值。然而，若需要支援 SQL，則必須開啟選項並依 的指示編譯 Port。 + FreeBSD 並未提供內建的 LDAP 伺服器，要開始設定前請先安裝 net/openldap-server 套件或 Port： - 接著，建立目錄來儲存資枓以及儲存憑證： + # pkg install openldap-server - # mkdir /var/db/openldap-data -# mkdir /usr/local/etc/openldap/private + 在套件中已開啟了許多的預設選項，可以透過執行 pkg info openldap-server 來查看已開啟的選項，若有不足的地方 (例如需要開啟 SQL 的支援)，請考慮使用適當的方式重新編譯該 Port。 - 複製資料庫設定檔： + 安裝程序會建立目錄 /var/db/openldap-data 來儲存資料，同時需要建立儲存憑證的目錄： - # cp /usr/local/etc/openldap/DB_CONFIG.example /var/db/openldap-data/DB_CONFIG + # mkdir /usr/local/etc/openldap/private - 下一個階段是設定憑証機構 (Certificate authority)。以下指令必須在 /usr/local/etc/openldap/private 執行，這很重要是由於檔案權限須要被限制且使用者不應有這些檔案的存取權限。要建立憑証授權，需先輸人這個指令並依提示作業： + 接下來是設定憑証機構 (Certificate authority)。以下指令必須在 /usr/local/etc/openldap/private 下執行，這很重要是由於檔案權限須要被限制且其他使用者不應有這些檔案的存取權限，更多有關憑証的詳細資訊以及相關的參數可在 中找到。要建立憑証授權，需先輸人這個指令並依提示操作： # openssl req -days 365 -nodes -new -x509 -keyout ca.key -out ../ca.crt - 提示的輸入項目除了通用名稱 (Common Name) 其他是可以一樣的，這個項目必須使用與系統主機名稱 不同 的名稱。若這是一個自行簽署的憑証 (Self signed certificate)，則在憑証機構 CA 的前面加上主機名稱。 + 提示輸入的項目除了通用名稱 (Common Name) 外其他是可以一樣的，這個項目必須使用跟系統主機名稱 不同 的名稱。若這是一個自行簽署的憑証 (Self signed certificate)，則在憑証機構 CA 的前面加上主機名稱。 - 接下來的工作是建立一個憑証簽署的請求及私鑰。請輸入以下指令然後依提示操作： + 接下來的工作是建立一個伺服器的憑証簽署請求與一個私鑰。請輸入以下指令然後依提示操作： # openssl req -days 365 -nodes -new -keyout server.key -out server.csr - 在憑証產生程序的過程中請確認 Common Name 屬性設定正確。完成之後便可簽署金鑰： + 在憑証產生程序的過程中請確認 Common Name 屬性設定正確。憑証簽署請求 (Certificate Signing Request) 必須經過憑証機構簽署後才會成為有效的憑証： # openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -out ../server.crt -CA ../ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial - 在憑証產生程序的最後一步是產生並簽署用戶憑証： + 在憑証產生程序的最後一步是產生並簽署客戶端憑証： # openssl req -days 365 -nodes -new -keyout client.key -out client.csr # openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in client.csr -out ../client.crt -CA ../ca.crt -CAkey ca.key - 要記得當提示是要使用同樣的 Common Name 屬性。完成之後，請確認執行的指令產生了共 8 個新檔案。若正確無誤，下個步驟便是編輯 /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.conf 並加入以下選項： + 記得當提示時要使用同樣的 Common Name 屬性。完成之後，請確認執行的指令產生了 8 個新檔案。 - TLSCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:+SSLv3 -TLSCertificateFile /usr/local/etc/openldap/server.crt -TLSCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/etc/openldap/private/server.key -TLSCACertificateFile /usr/local/etc/openldap/ca.crt + OpenLDAP 伺服器所執行的 Daemon 為 slapd，OpenLDAP 是透過 slapd.ldif 來做設定， OpenLDAP 官方已停止採用舊的 slapd.conf 格式。 - 接著編輯 /usr/local/etc/openldap/ldap.conf 然後加入下行： + 這裡有些 slapd.ldif 的 設定檔範例 可以使用，同時您也可以在 /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.ldif.sample 找到範例資訊。相關可用的選項在 slapd-config(5) 文件會有說明。slapd.ldif 的每個段落，如同其他 LDAP 屬性設定一樣會透過獨一無二 DN 來辨識，並請確保 dn: 描述與其相關屬性之間沒有空行。以下的範例中會實作一個使用 TLS 的安全通道，首先是全域的設定： - TLS_CACERT /usr/local/etc/openldap/ca.crt -TLS_CIPHER_SUITE HIGH:MEDIUM:+SSLv3 + # +# See slapd-config(5) for details on configuration options. +# This file should NOT be world readable. +# +dn: cn=config +objectClass: olcGlobal +cn: config +# +# +# Define global ACLs to disable default read access. +# +olcArgsFile: /var/run/openldap/slapd.args +olcPidFile: /var/run/openldap/slapd.pid +olcTLSCertificateFile: /usr/local/etc/openldap/server.crt +olcTLSCertificateKeyFile: /usr/local/etc/openldap/private/server.key +olcTLSCACertificateFile: /usr/local/etc/openldap/ca.crt +#olcTLSCipherSuite: HIGH +olcTLSProtocolMin: 3.1 +olcTLSVerifyClient: never - 在編輯這個檔案的時候，取消註解以下項目然後設定這些項目使用實際要使用的數值：, , 以 。設定 要包含 及 。然後加入兩個項目指向憑証機構。完成之後，所有的設定項目會如下： + 這個檔案中必須指定憑証機構 (Certificate Authority)、伺服器憑証 (Server Certificate) 與伺服器私鑰 (Server Private Key)，建議可讓客戶端決定使用的安全密碼 (Security Cipher)，略過 olcTLSCipherSuite 選項 (此選項不相容 openssl 以外的 TLS 客戶端)。選項 olcTLSProtocolMin 讓伺服器可要求一個安全等級的最低限度，建議使用。伺服器有進行驗証的必要，但客戶端並不需要，因此可設定 olcTLSVerifyClient: never。 - BASE dc=example,dc=com -URI ldap:// ldaps:// + 第二個部份是設定後端要採用的模組有那些，可使用以下方式設定： -SIZELIMIT 12 -TIMELIMIT 15 + # +# Load dynamic backend modules: +# +dn: cn=module,cn=config +objectClass: olcModuleList +cn: module +olcModulepath: /usr/local/libexec/openldap +olcModuleload: back_mdb.la +#olcModuleload: back_bdb.la +#olcModuleload: back_hdb.la +#olcModuleload: back_ldap.la +#olcModuleload: back_passwd.la +#olcModuleload: back_shell.la -TLS_CACERT /usr/local/etc/openldap/ca.crt -TLS_CIPHER_SUITE HIGH:MEDIUM:+SSLv3 + 第三個部份要載入資料庫所需的 ldif 綱要 (Schema)，這個動作是必要的。 - 給伺服器用的預設密碼應該要更換： + dn: cn=schema,cn=config +objectClass: olcSchemaConfig +cn: schema - # slappasswd -h "{SHA}" >> /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.conf +include: file:///usr/local/etc/openldap/schema/core.ldif +include: file:///usr/local/etc/openldap/schema/cosine.ldif +include: file:///usr/local/etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.ldif +include: file:///usr/local/etc/openldap/schema/nis.ldif - 這個指令會提示輸入密碼，若程序沒有失敗，便會將編碼過的密碼加到 slapd.conf 的最後。支援的編碼格式有許多種，請參考 slappasswd 的操作手冊以取得更多資訊。 + 接下來是前端設定的部份： - 接著編輯 /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.conf 並加入下行： + # Frontend settings +# +dn: olcDatabase={-1}frontend,cn=config +objectClass: olcDatabaseConfig +objectClass: olcFrontendConfig +olcDatabase: {-1}frontend +olcAccess: to * by * read +# +# Sample global access control policy: +# Root DSE: allow anyone to read it +# Subschema (sub)entry DSE: allow anyone to read it +# Other DSEs: +# Allow self write access +# Allow authenticated users read access +# Allow anonymous users to authenticate +# +#olcAccess: to dn.base="" by * read +#olcAccess: to dn.base="cn=Subschema" by * read +#olcAccess: to * +# by self write +# by users read +# by anonymous auth +# +# if no access controls are present, the default policy +# allows anyone and everyone to read anything but restricts +# updates to rootdn. (e.g., "access to * by * read") +# +# rootdn can always read and write EVERYTHING! +# +olcPasswordHash: {SSHA} +# {SSHA} is already the default for olcPasswordHash - password-hash {sha} -allow bind_v2 + 再來是設定後端的部份，之後唯一能夠存取 OpenLDAP 伺服器設定的方式是使用全域超級使用者。 - 在這個設定檔的 必須更新為與在 /usr/local/etc/openldap/ldap.conf 及 使用的 相同。 建議的值為 。在儲存這個檔案之前，將 放到由 slappasswd 產生的密碼之前，然後刪除原有的 。最後的結果應該如下： + dn: olcDatabase={0}config,cn=config +objectClass: olcDatabaseConfig +olcDatabase: {0}config +olcAccess: to * by * none +olcRootPW: {SSHA}iae+lrQZILpiUdf16Z9KmDmSwT77Dj4U - TLSCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:+SSLv3 -TLSCertificateFile /usr/local/etc/openldap/server.crt -TLSCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/etc/openldap/private/server.key -TLSCACertificateFile /usr/local/etc/openldap/ca.crt -rootpw {SHA}W6ph5Mm5Pz8GgiULbPgzG37mj9g= + 預設的管理者使用者名稱是 cn=config，可在 Shell 中輸入 slappasswd，決定要使用的密碼並將其產生的編碼放到 olcRootPW 欄位中。若這個選項在這時沒有設定好，在匯入 slapd.ldif 之後將沒有任何人有辦法修改全域的設定。 - 最後，在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟 OpenLDAP 服務並設定 URI： + 最後一個部份是有關資料庫後端的設定： - slapd_enable="YES" -slapd_flags="-4 -h ldaps:///" + ####################################################################### +# LMDB database definitions +####################################################################### +# +dn: olcDatabase=mdb,cn=config +objectClass: olcDatabaseConfig +objectClass: olcMdbConfig +olcDatabase: mdb +olcDbMaxSize: 1073741824 +olcSuffix: dc=domain,dc=example +olcRootDN: cn=mdbadmin,dc=domain,dc=example +# Cleartext passwords, especially for the rootdn, should +# be avoided. See slappasswd(8) and slapd-config(5) for details. +# Use of strong authentication encouraged. +olcRootPW: {SSHA}X2wHvIWDk6G76CQyCMS1vDCvtICWgn0+ +# The database directory MUST exist prior to running slapd AND +# should only be accessible by the slapd and slap tools. +# Mode 700 recommended. +olcDbDirectory: /var/db/openldap-data +# Indices to maintain +olcDbIndex: objectClass eq - 此時便可啟動並測試伺服器： + 這裡指定的資料庫即實際用來保存 LDAP 目錄的資料，也可以使用 mdb 以外的項目，資料庫的超級使用者可在這裡設定 (與全域的超級使用者是不同的東西)：olcRootDN　需填寫使用者名稱 (可自訂)，olcRootPW 需填寫該使用者編碼後的密碼，將密碼編碼可使用 slappasswd 如同前面所述。 - # service slapd start + 這裡有個檔案庫內有四個 slapd.ldif 的範例，要將現有的 slapd.conf 轉換成 slapd.ldif 格式，可參考此頁 (注意，這裡面的說明也會介紹一些不常用的選項)。 - 若所有的設定均正確，搜尋目錄應會如此範例顯示成功連線並有一筆回應： + 當設定完成之後，需將 slapd.ldif 放在一個空的目錄當中，建議如以下方式建立： - # ldapsearch -Z + # mkdir /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.d/ + + 匯入設定資料庫： + + # /usr/local/sbin/slapadd -n0 -F /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.d/ -l /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.ldif + + 啟動 slapd Daemon： + + # /usr/local/libexec/slapd -F /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.d/ + + 選項 -d 可以用來除錯使用，如同 slapd(8) 中所說明的，若要檢驗伺服器是否正常執行與運作可以： + + # ldapsearch -x -b '' -s base '(objectclass=*)' namingContexts # extended LDIF # # LDAPv3 -# base <dc=example,dc=com> (default) with scope subtree +# base <> with scope baseObject # filter: (objectclass=*) -# requesting: ALL +# requesting: namingContexts # +# +dn: +namingContexts: dc=domain,dc=example + # search result -search: 3 -result: 32 No such object +search: 2 +result: 0 Success -# numResponses: 1 +# numResponses: 2 +# numEntries: 1 - - 若指令失敗且設定看起來沒有問題，可先停止 slapd 服務並開啟除錯選項並重新啟動： + 伺服器端仍必須受到信任，若在此之前未做過這個動作，請依照以下指示操作。安裝 OpenSSL 套件或 Port： - # service slapd stop -# /usr/local/libexec/slapd -d -1 - + # pkg install openssl - 服務有回應之後，便可使用 ldapadd 匯入資料到目錄。在此例中，會先建立一個含有使用者清單的檔案，每位使用者應使用以下格式定義： + 進入 ca.crt 所在的目錄 (以這邊使用的例子來說則是 /usr/local/etc/openldap)，執行： - dn: dc=example,dc=com -objectclass: dcObject -objectclass: organization -o: Example -dc: Example + # c_rehash . -dn: cn=Manager,dc=example,dc=com -objectclass: organizationalRole -cn: Manager + 現在 CA 與伺服器憑証可以依其用途被辨識，可進入 server.crt 所在的目錄執行以下指令來檢查： - 要匯入這個檔案，可指定檔案名稱。以下指令會提示輸入先前設定過的密碼然後輸入如下的結果： + # openssl verify -verbose -CApath . server.crt - # ldapadd -Z -D "cn=Manager,dc=example,dc=com" -W -f import.ldif -Enter LDAP Password: -adding new entry "dc=example,dc=com" + 若 slapd 已正在執行，就重新啟動它。如同 /usr/local/etc/rc.d/slapd 所述，要讓 slapd 開機時可正常執行，須要加入以下行到 /etc/rc.conf： -adding new entry "cn=Manager,dc=example,dc=com" + lapd_enable="YES" +slapd_flags='-h "ldapi://%2fvar%2frun%2fopenldap%2fldapi/ +ldap://0.0.0.0/"' +slapd_sockets="/var/run/openldap/ldapi" +slapd_cn_config="YES" - 使用 ldapsearch 發出一個查詢到伺服器來確認資料已新增： + 開機啟動 slapd 並不會提供除錯的功能，您可以檢查 /var/log/debug.log, dmesg -a 及 /var/log/messages 檢確認是否有正常運作。 - % ldapsearch -Z -# extended LDIF -# -# LDAPv3 -# base <dc=example,dc=com> (default) with scope subtree -# filter: (objectclass=*) -# requesting: ALL -# + 以下範例會新增群組 team 及使用者 john 到 domain.example LDAP 資料庫，而該資料庫目前是空的。首先要先建立 domain.ldif 檔： -# example.com -dn: dc=example,dc=com + # cat domain.ldif +dn: dc=domain,dc=example objectClass: dcObject objectClass: organization -o: Example -dc: Example +o: domain.example +dc: domain -# Manager, example.com -dn: cn=Manager,dc=example,dc=com -objectClass: organizationalRole -cn: Manager +dn: ou=groups,dc=domain,dc=example +objectClass: top +objectClass: organizationalunit +ou: groups -# search result -search: 3 -result: 0 Success +dn: ou=users,dc=domain,dc=example +objectClass: top +objectClass: organizationalunit +ou: users -# numResponses: 3 -# numEntries: 2 +dn: cn=team,ou=groups,dc=domain,dc=example +objectClass: top +objectClass: posixGroup +cn: team +gidNumber: 10001 - 此時，伺服器應已設定完成並可正常運作。 +dn: uid=john,ou=users,dc=domain,dc=example +objectClass: top +objectClass: account +objectClass: posixAccount +objectClass: shadowAccount +cn: John McUser +uid: john +uidNumber: 10001 +gidNumber: 10001 +homeDirectory: /home/john/ +loginShell: /usr/bin/bash +userPassword: secret + + 請查看 OpenLDAP 說明文件取得更詳細的資訊，使用 slappasswd 來將純文字的密碼 secret 更改為已編碼的型式來填寫 userPassword 欄位。在 loginShell 所指定的路徑，必須在所有可讓 john 登入的系統中存在。最後是使用 mdb 管理者修改資料庫： + + # ldapadd -W -D "cn=mdbadmin,dc=domain,dc=example" -f domain.ldif + + 要修改全域設定只能使用全域的超及使用者。例如，假設一開始採用了 olcTLSCipherSuite: HIGH:MEDIUM:SSLv3 選項，但最後想要把它移除，可以建立一個有以下內容的檔案： + + # cat global_mod +dn: cn=config +changetype: modify +delete: olcTLSCipherSuite + + 然後套用修改內容： + + # ldapmodify -f global_mod -x -D "cn=config" -W + + 當提示輸入密碼時，提供當時在設定後端一節所設定的密碼，在這裡無須填寫使用者名稱，cn=config 代表要修改資料庫資料的位置。也可以使用 ldapmodify 刪除其中一行屬性，或是 ldapdelete 刪除整筆資料。 + + 若有問題無法正常執行，或是全域的超級使用者無法存取後端的設定，可以刪除並重建整個後端設定： + + # rm -rf /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.d/ + + 可以修改 slapd.ldif 後再重新匯入一次。請注意，這個步驟只在沒有其他方式可用時才使用。 + + 本章節的設定說明只針對伺服器端的部份，在同一台主機中也可以同時有安裝 LDAP 客戶端但需要額外做設定。 @@ -44726,7 +44683,7 @@ /usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf - 伺服器設定檔需要含有所有要提供給客戶端的資訊以及有關伺服器運作的資訊。在 dhcpd.conf(5) 有此設定檔的說明。 + 伺服器設定檔需要含有所有要提供給客戶端的資訊以及有關伺服器運作的資訊。在 dhcpd.conf(5) 有此設定檔的說明。 @@ -44892,7 +44849,7 @@ - <acronym>DNS</acronym> Server Configuration + <acronym>DNS</acronym> 伺服器設定 Unbound 由 FreeBSD 基礎系統提供，預設只會提供本機的 DNS 解析，雖然基礎系統的套件可被設定提供本機以外的解析服務，但要解決這樣的需求仍建議安裝 FreeBSD Port 套件集中的 Unbound。 @@ -44912,7 +44869,7 @@ # service local_unbound onestart - 這將會更新 /etc/resolv.conf 來讓查詢已用 DNSSEC 確保安全的網域現在可以運作。 + 這將會更新 /etc/resolv.conf 來讓查詢已用 DNSSEC 確保安全的網域現在可以運作，例如，執行以下指令來檢驗 FreeBSD.org DNSSEC 信任樹： % drill -S FreeBSD.org ;; Number of trusted keys: 1 @@ -45287,21 +45244,9 @@ Samba 是熱門的開放源碼軟體套件，使用 SMB/CIFS 通訊協定提供檔案與列印服務，此通訊協定內建於 Microsoft Windows 系統，在非 Microsoft Windows 的系統可透過安裝 Samba 客戶端程式庫來支援此協定。此通訊協定讓客戶端可以存取共享的資料與印表機，這些共享的資源可掛載到一個本機的磁碟機，而共享的印表機則可以當做本機的印表機使用。 - On FreeBSD, the Samba client - libraries can be installed using the - net/samba48 port or package. The - client provides the ability for a FreeBSD system to access - SMB/CIFS shares in a Microsoft Windows - network. + 在 FreeBSD 上，可以使用 net/samba48 Port 或套件來安裝 Samba 客戶端程式庫，這個客戶端提供了讓 FreeBSD 系統能存取 SMB/CIFS 在 Microsoft Windows 網路中共享的資源。 - A FreeBSD system can also be configured to act as a - Samba server by installing the same - net/samba48 port or package. This allows the - administrator to create SMB/CIFS - shares on - the FreeBSD system which can be accessed by clients running - Microsoft Windows or the Samba - client libraries. + FreeBSD 系統也可以透過安裝 net/samba48 Port 或套件來設定成 Samba 伺服器，這讓管理者可以在 FreeBSD 系統上建立 SMB/CIFS 的共享資源，讓執行 Microsoft Windows 或 Samba 客戶端程式庫的客戶端能夠存取。 伺服器設定 @@ -45458,71 +45403,125 @@ 隨著使用時間，電腦的時鐘會逐漸偏移，這對需要網路上電腦有相同準確度時間的許多網路服務來說是一個大問題。準確的時間同樣能確保檔案時間戳記的一致性。網路時間協定 (Network Time Protocol, NTP) 是一種在網路上可以確保時間準確的方式。 - FreeBSD 內建 ntpd8 可以設定來查詢其他 NTP 伺服器來同步在該主機的時間或者提供時間服務給其他在網路上的電腦，查詢的伺服器可以為在網路上的本地主機或者由 ISP 提供。除此之外也有 開放存取的 NTP 伺服器線上清單，當要使用開放的 NTP 伺服器，請選擇地理位置較近的並檢查該服務的使用方針。 + FreeBSD 內含 ntpd8 可設定來查詢其他 NTP 伺服器來同步電腦的時間或提供時間服務給其他在網路上的電腦。 - 建議選擇多個 NTP 伺服器，以避免萬一某一台伺服器無法連線，或者該伺服器的時間變的不可靠，當 ntpd 收到回應，會自動先選擇可靠的伺服器。 - 本節將會介紹如何設定 FreeBSD 上的 ntpd，更進一步的說明文件可於 /usr/share/doc/ntp/ 找到 HTML 格式的版本。 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 設定 - NTP - ntp.conf - + NTP - 在 FreeBSD，內建的 ntpd 可用來同步系統的時間，要在開機時開啟 ntpd，可加入 ntpd_enable="YES" 到 /etc/rc.conf，也可在 /etc/rc.conf 設定其他的變數，請參考 rc.conf5 與 ntpd8 來了解詳情。 + 在 FreeBSD，內建的 ntpd 可用來同步系統的時間，Ntpd 要使用 rc.conf5 中的變數以及下一節會詳細說明的 /etc/ntp.conf 來設定。 - 該應用程式會讀取 /etc/ntp.conf 來得知要查詢那一個 NTP 伺服器，這裡有一個簡單的 /etc/ntp.conf 範例： + Ntpd 與網路中各節點的通訊採用 UDP 封包，在伺服器與 NTP 各節點間的防火牆必須設定成可允許進/出埠 123 的 UDP 封包。 - - <filename>/etc/ntp.conf</filename> 範例 + + <filename>/etc/ntp.conf</filename> 檔 - server ntplocal.example.com prefer -server timeserver.example.org -server ntp2a.example.net + NTP + ntp.conf + -driftfile /var/db/ntp.drift - + Ntpd 會讀取 /etc/ntp.conf 來得知要從那些 NTP 伺服器查詢時間，建議可設定多個 NTP 伺服器，來避免萬一其中一個伺服器無法連線或是時間不可靠的問題，當 ntpd 收到回應，它會偏好先採用較可信賴的伺服器。查詢的伺服器可以是來自本地網路的 ISP 所提供，也可從線上可公開存取的NTP 伺服器清單中挑選，您可以選擇一個離您地理位置較近的伺服器並閱讀它的使用規則。也有 可公開存取的 NTP 池線上清單可用，由一個地理區域所組織，除此之外 FreeBSD 提供了計劃贊助的伺服器池，0.freebsd.pool.ntp.org。 - 這個檔案的格式在 ntp.conf5 有說明，server 選項設定了要查詢那一些伺服器，每一行列一個伺服器。若伺服項目中含有 prefer，則會較偏好使用該伺服器。從偏好伺服器收到的回應若明顯與他伺服器的回應差異過大則會被放棄，否則都會以偏好的伺服器為主。prefer 參數只應用在已知高度準確的 NTP 伺服器上，例如那些有特別在監控時間的硬體。 + + <filename>/etc/ntp.conf</filename> 範例 + 這份簡單的 ntp.conf 範例檔可以放心的使用，其中包含了建議的 restrict 選項可避免伺服器被公開存取。 + +# Disallow ntpq control/query access. Allow peers to be added only +# based on pool and server statements in this file. +restrict default limited kod nomodify notrap noquery nopeer +restrict source limited kod nomodify notrap noquery - driftfile 項目用來指定要使用那一個檔案儲存系統時間的頻率偏移量，ntpd 會使用這個檔來自動補償時間的自然偏移，讓時間即始在切斷所有外部時間來源一段時間時仍能夠保持合理的設定值。這個檔案也會儲存有關前次由 NTP 伺服器收到的回應，由於這個檔案包含供 NTP 使用的內部資訊，所以不應手動修改。 +# Allow unrestricted access from localhost for queries and control. +restrict 127.0.0.1 +restrict ::1 - 預設，NTP 伺服器是開放給任何網路主機存取的，在 /etc/ntp.conf 中的 restrict 選項可以用來控制那些系統可以存取該伺服器。例如，要拒絕所有主機的存取，可加入下行到 /etc/ntp.conf： +# Add a specific server. +server ntplocal.example.com iburst - restrict default ignore +# Add FreeBSD pool servers until 3-6 good servers are available. +tos minclock 3 maxclock 6 +pool 0.freebsd.pool.ntp.org iburst - - 這將會避免其他 NTP 伺服器的存取，若有需要與一個外部 NTP 伺服器同步，則可以只允許該伺服器。請參考 ntp.conf5 來取得更多資訊。 - +# Use a local leap-seconds file. +leapfile "/var/db/ntpd.leap-seconds.list" - 要允許在網路內的主機與伺服器同步時間，但要確保這些主機不允許設定伺服器或者被這些主機當作同輩的主機相互同步，可改使用： + 這個檔案的格式在 ntp.conf5 有詳細說明，以下的說明僅快速的帶過以上範例檔有用到的一些關鍵字。 - restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap + 預設 NTP 伺服器是可以被任何網路主機所存取，restrict 關鍵字可以控制有那些系統可以存取伺服器。restrict 支援設定多項，每一項可再更進一步調整前面所做的設定。範例中的設定授權本地系統有完整的查詢及控制權限，而遠端系統只有查詢時間的權限。要了解更詳細的資訊請參考 ntp.conf5 中的 Access Control Support 一節。 - 其中 192.168.1.0 是本地網路的位址，而 255.255.255.0 是網路的子遮罩。 + server 關鍵字可指定要查詢的伺服器，設定檔中可以使用多個 server 關鍵字，一個伺服器列一行。pool 關鍵字可指定伺服器池，Ntpd 會加入該伺服器池中的一或多台伺服器，直到數量滿足 tos minclock 的設定。iburst 關鍵字會指示 ntpd 在建立連線時執行 8 連發快速封包交換，可以更快的同步系統時間。 - 也支援多個 restrict 項目，要取得詳細的資料，請參考 ntp.conf5 的 Access Control Support 子章節。 + leapfile 關鍵字用來指定含有閏秒 (Leap second) 資訊的檔案位置，該檔案是由 periodic8 自動更新。這個關鍵字指定的檔案位置必須與 /etc/rc.conf 中設定的 ntp_db_leapfile 相同。 + - ntpd_enable="YES" 加入到 /etc/rc.conf 之後，ntpd 便可不需重新開機立即啟動，只要輸入： + + 在 <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> 中的 NTP 設定項目 - # service ntpd start + NTP rc.conf + + 設定 ntpd_enable="YES" 可讓開機時會啟動 ntpd。將 ntpd_enable=YES 加到 /etc/rc.conf 之後，可輸入以下指令讓 ntpd 不需重新開機立即啟動： + + # service ntpd start + + 要使用 ntpd 必須設定 ntpd_enable，以下所列的 rc.conf 變數可視所需請況設定。 + + 設定 ntpd_sync_on_start=YES 可讓 ntpd 可以在系統啟動時一次同步任何差距的時間，正常情況若時鐘的差距超過 1000 秒便會記錄錯誤並且中止。這個設定項目在沒有電池備援的時鐘上特別有用。 + + 設定 ntpd_oomprotect=YES 可保護 ntpd daemon 被系統中止並嘗試從記憶體不足 (Out Of Memory, OOM) 的情況恢復運作。 + + 設定 ntpd_config= 可更改 ntp.conf 檔案的位置。 + + 設定 ntpd_flags= 可設定使用任何其他所需 ntpd 參數，但要避免使用由 /etc/rc.d/ntpd 內部控管的參數如下： + -p (pid 檔案位置) + -c (改用ntpd_config= 設定) + + + + + 使用無特權的 <literal>ntpd</literal> 使用者執行 <application>Ntpd</application> + + 在 FreeBSD 上的 Ntpd 現在可以使用無特權的使用者啟動並執行，要達到這個功能需要 mac_ntpd4 規則模組。/etc/rc.d/ntpd 啟動 Script 會先檢查 NTP 的設定，若可以的話它會載入 mac_ntpd 模組，然後以無特權的使用者 ntpd (user id 123) 來啟動 ntpd。為了避免檔案與目錄存取權限的問題，當設定中有任何檔案相關的選項時，啟動 Script 不會自動以 ntpd 身份啟動 ntpd。 + + 在 ntpd_flags 若出現以下任何參數則需要以最下面的方式手動設定才能以 ntpd 使用者的身份執行： + -f 或 --driftfile + -i 或 --jaildir + -k 或 --keyfile + -l 或 --logfile + -s 或 --statsdir + + + 在 ntp.conf 若出現以下任何關鍵字則需要以最下面的方式手動設定才能以 ntpd 使用者的身份執行： + crypto + driftfile + key + logdir + statsdir + + + 要手動設定以使用者 ntpd 身份執行 ntpd 你必須： + 確保 ntpd 使用者有權限存取所有在設定檔中指定的檔案與目錄。 + 讓 mac_ntpd 模組載入或編譯至核心，請參考 mac_ntpd4 取得詳細資訊。 + 在 /etc/rc.conf 中設定 ntpd_user="ntpd" + + 在 <acronym>PPP</acronym> 連線使用 <acronym>NTP</acronym> - ntpd 並不需要永久的網際網路連線才能正常運作，若有一個 PPP 連線是設定成需要時撥號，那麼便需要避免 NTP 的流量觸發撥號或是保持連線不中斷，這可在 /etc/ppp/ppp.conf 使用 filter 項目設定，例如： + ntpd 並不需要永久的網際網路連線才能正常運作，若有一個 PPP 連線是設定成需要時撥號，那麼便需要避免 NTP 的流量觸發撥號或是保持連線不中斷，這可在 /etc/ppp/ppp.conf 使用 filter 項目設定，例如： - set filter dial 0 deny udp src eq 123 - # Prevent NTP traffic from initiating dial out - set filter dial 1 permit 0 0 - set filter alive 0 deny udp src eq 123 - # Prevent incoming NTP traffic from keeping the connection open - set filter alive 1 deny udp dst eq 123 - # Prevent outgoing NTP traffic from keeping the connection open - set filter alive 2 permit 0/0 0/0 + set filter dial 0 deny udp src eq 123 +# Prevent NTP traffic from initiating dial out +set filter dial 1 permit 0 0 +set filter alive 0 deny udp src eq 123 +# Prevent incoming NTP traffic from keeping the connection open +set filter alive 1 deny udp dst eq 123 +# Prevent outgoing NTP traffic from keeping the connection open +set filter alive 2 permit 0/0 0/0 要取得更詳細的資訊，請參考於 ppp8 的 PACKET FILTERING 小節以及在 /usr/share/examples/ppp/ 中的範例。 @@ -45749,7 +45748,7 @@ section demonstrates both types of connections. - 不使用設定檔連線到 Target + 不使用設定檔連線到 Target To connect an initiator to a single target, specify the IP address of the portal and the name of @@ -45808,7 +45807,7 @@ - 使用設定檔連線到 Target + 使用設定檔連線到 Target To connect using a configuration file, create /etc/iscsi.conf with contents like @@ -45920,7 +45919,7 @@ FreeBSD 提供多個防火牆是為了滿足不同的需求與各種使用者的偏好，每位使用者應評估那一種防火牆最能滿足其需求。 - 讀完這章，您將了解︰ + 讀完這章，您將了解： @@ -45944,7 +45943,7 @@ - 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰ + 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要： @@ -45953,7 +45952,7 @@ - 由於所有防火牆均是以監控所選封包的控制欄位值為基礎運作，所以防火牆規則集的建立者必須很明白 TCP/IP 是如何運作的，在封包的控制欄位中會有那些數值，這些數值會被如何用在一般的連線階段，要了解更多相關資訊，可參考 Daryl's TCP/IP Primer。 + 由於所有防火牆均是以監控所選封包的控制欄位值為基礎運作，所以防火牆規則集的建立者必須很明白 TCP/IP 是如何運作的，在封包的控制欄位中會有那些數值，這些數值會被如何用在一般的連線階段，要了解更多相關資訊，可參考 Daryl's TCP/IP Primer。 @@ -45970,7 +45969,7 @@ 要查詢一個不清楚的埠號，可參考 /etc/services，或者至 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers 查詢埠號來找出特定埠號的用途。 - 查看這個連結來了解有那些埠號會被木馬程式使用 http://www.sans.org/security-resources/idfaq/oddports.php。 + 查看這個連結來了解有 那些埠號會被木馬程式使用。 FTP 有兩個模式：主動 (Active) 模式與被動 (Passive) 模式，兩者的差異在於取得資料通道的方式，被動模式會較安全，由於資料通道會取自 FTP 連線請求者。想要取得 FTP 與兩種模式更進一步的說明，詳見 http://www.slacksite.com/other/ftp.html。 @@ -46041,41 +46040,49 @@ OpenBSD 計劃有維護一份官方參考文件於 PF FAQ ，Peter Hansteen 有維一份詳盡的 PF 教學於 http://home.nuug.no/~peter/pf/。 - 在閱讀 PF FAQ 時，要注意 FreeBSD 採用與 OpenBSD 4.5 相同版本的 PF。 + When reading the PF FAQ, + keep in mind that FreeBSD's version of + PF has diverged substantially from + the upstream OpenBSD version over the years. Not all features + work the same way on FreeBSD as they do in OpenBSD and vice + versa. 要詢問有關設定與執行 PF 防火牆的問題可至 FreeBSD packet filter 郵遞論壇，在詢問問題之前請先查看該郵遞論壇的封存資料，因您的問題可能已有解答。 - 更多有關移植 PF 到 FreeBSD 的資訊可至 http://pf4freebsd.love2party.net/ 取得。 + This section of the Handbook focuses on + PF as it pertains to FreeBSD. It + demonstrates how to enable PF and + ALTQ. It also provides several + examples for creating rulesets on a FreeBSD system. - 由於 FreeBSD 也支援 PF 因此操作手冊特別在此章節對此介紹，本節會示範如何開啟 PF 與 ALTQ，然後提供幾個在 FreeBSD 系統上建立規則集的例子。 - 開啟 <application>PF</application> - In order to use PF, its kernel + To use PF, its kernel module must be first loaded. This section describes the entries that can be added to /etc/rc.conf - in order to enable PF. + to enable PF. - Start by adding the following line to + Start by adding pf_enable=yes to /etc/rc.conf: - pf_enable="YES" + # sysrc pf_enable=yes Additional options, described in pfctl8, can be passed to PF when it is started. - Add this entry to /etc/rc.conf and - specify any required flags between the two quotes + Add or change this entry in /etc/rc.conf + and specify any required flags between the two quotes (""): pf_flags="" # additional flags for pfctl startup PF will not start if it cannot - find its ruleset configuration file. The default ruleset is - already created and is named - /etc/pf.conf. If a custom ruleset has - been saved somewhere else, add a line to + find its ruleset configuration file. By default, FreeBSD does + not ship with a ruleset and there is no + /etc/pf.conf. Example rulesets can be + found in /usr/share/examples/pf/. If a + custom ruleset has been saved somewhere else, add a line to /etc/rc.conf which specifies the full path to the file: @@ -46083,14 +46090,14 @@ Logging support for PF is provided by pflog4. To enable logging support, add - this line to /etc/rc.conf: + pflog_enable=yes to + /etc/rc.conf: - pflog_enable="YES" + # sysrc pflog_enable=yes - The following lines can also be added in order to - change the default location of the log file or to specify any - additional flags to pass to pflog4 when it is - started: + The following lines can also be added to change the + default location of the log file or to specify any additional + flags to pass to pflog4 when it is started: pflog_logfile="/var/log/pflog" # where pflogd should store the logfile pflog_flags="" # additional flags for pflogd startup @@ -46098,7 +46105,7 @@ Finally, if there is a LAN behind the firewall and packets need to be forwarded for the computers on the LAN, or NAT is - required, add the following option: + required, enable the following option: gateway_enable="YES" # Enable as LAN gateway @@ -46240,92 +46247,6 @@ similar to top1. - - 開啟 <application>ALTQ</application> - - On FreeBSD, ALTQ can be used with - PF to provide Quality of Service - (QOS). Once - ALTQ is enabled, queues can be - defined in the ruleset which determine the processing priority - of outbound packets. - - Before enabling ALTQ, refer to - altq4 to determine if the drivers for the network cards - installed on the system support it. - - ALTQ is not available as a - loadable kernel module. If the system's interfaces support - ALTQ, create a custom kernel using - the instructions in . The - following kernel options are available. The first is needed - to enable ALTQ. At least one of - the other options is necessary to specify the queueing - scheduler algorithm: - - options ALTQ -options ALTQ_CBQ # Class Based Queuing (CBQ) -options ALTQ_RED # Random Early Detection (RED) -options ALTQ_RIO # RED In/Out -options ALTQ_HFSC # Hierarchical Packet Scheduler (HFSC) -options ALTQ_PRIQ # Priority Queuing (PRIQ) - - The following scheduler algorithms are available: - - - - CBQ - - Class Based Queuing (CBQ) is - used to divide a connection's bandwidth into different - classes or queues to prioritize traffic based on filter - rules. - - - - - RED - - Random Early Detection (RED) is - used to avoid network congestion by measuring the length - of the queue and comparing it to the minimum and maximum - thresholds for the queue. When the queue is over the - maximum, all new packets are randomly dropped. - - - - - RIO - - In Random Early Detection In and Out - (RIO) mode, RED - maintains multiple average queue lengths and multiple - threshold values, one for each - QOS level. - - - - - HFSC - - Hierarchical Fair Service Curve Packet Scheduler - (HFSC) is described in http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~hzhang/HFSC/main.html. - - - - - PRIQ - - Priority Queuing (PRIQ) always - passes traffic that is in a higher queue first. - - - - - More information about the scheduling - algorithms and example rulesets are available at http://www.openbsd.org/faq/pf/queueing.html. - - <application>PF</application> 規則集 @@ -46400,7 +46321,7 @@ track some state information. For example, when a UDP request is passed which asks a name server about a domain name, PF will - watch for the response in order to pass it back. + watch for the response to pass it back. Whenever an edit is made to a ruleset, the new rules must be loaded so they can be used: @@ -46438,7 +46359,7 @@ connected to the Internet and xl0 is connected to the internal network. - First, enable the gateway in order to let the machine + First, enable the gateway to let the machine forward the network traffic it receives on one interface to another interface. This sysctl setting will forward IPv4 packets: @@ -46449,11 +46370,12 @@ # sysctl net.inet6.ip6.forwarding=1 - To enable these settings at system boot, add the - following to /etc/rc.conf: + To enable these settings at system boot, use + sysrc8 to add them to + /etc/rc.conf: - gateway_enable="YES" #for ipv4 -ipv6_gateway_enable="YES" #for ipv6 + # sysrc gateway_enable=yes +# sysrc ipv6_gateway_enable=yes Verify with ifconfig that both of the interfaces are up and running. @@ -46547,7 +46469,7 @@ flags S/SA keep state A few other pass rules may be needed. This one enables - SSH on the external interface:: + SSH on the external interface: pass in inet proto tcp to $ext_if port ssh @@ -46612,7 +46534,7 @@ proxy program called ftp-proxy8, which is included in the base system of FreeBSD. The role of the proxy is to dynamically insert and delete rules in the ruleset, using a - set of anchors, in order to correctly handle + set of anchors, to correctly handle FTP traffic. To enable the FTP proxy, add this @@ -46725,7 +46647,7 @@ If other types of ICMP packets are needed, expand icmp_types to a list of those packet types. Type more - /usr/src/contrib/pf/pfctl/pfctl_parser.c to see + /usr/src/sbin/pfctl/pfctl_parser.c to see the list of ICMP message types supported by PF. Refer to http://www.iana.org/assignments/icmp-parameters/icmp-parameters.xhtml for an explanation of each message type. @@ -46777,7 +46699,7 @@ icmp_types = "{ echoreq, unreach }" Since the pass rule already uses that macro, it does - not need to be modified in order to support the new + not need to be modified to support the new ICMP type: pass inet proto icmp all icmp-type $icmp_types keep state @@ -47014,10 +46936,9 @@ Install the mail/spamd package - or port. In order to use - spamd's greylisting - features, fdescfs5 must be mounted at /dev/fd. Add the - following line to + or port. To use spamd's + greylisting features, fdescfs5 must be mounted at + /dev/fd. Add the following line to /etc/fstab: fdescfs /dev/fd fdescfs rw 0 0 @@ -47041,7 +46962,7 @@ The two tables <spamd> and <spamd-white> are essential. SMTP traffic from an address listed - in <spamd> but not in + in <spamd> but not in <spamd-white> is redirected to the spamd daemon listening at port 8025. @@ -47129,7 +47050,7 @@ When finished, reload the ruleset, start spamd by typing - service start obspamd, and complete + service obspamd start, and complete the configuration using spamd-setup. Finally, create a cron8 job which calls spamd-setup to update the tables at @@ -47154,8 +47075,8 @@ found at the greylisting.org web site. The most amazing thing about greylisting, apart from its simplicity, is that it still works. Spammers and - malware writers have been very slow to adapt in order to - bypass this technique. + malware writers have been very slow to adapt to bypass this + technique. The basic procedure for configuring greylisting is as follows: @@ -47183,8 +47104,8 @@ To complete the greylisting setup: - # service restart obspamd -# service start spamlogd + # service obspamd restart +# service obspamlogd start @@ -47286,6 +47207,92 @@ block drop out quick on $ext_if from any to $martians + + + 開啟 <application>ALTQ</application> + + On FreeBSD, ALTQ can be used with + PF to provide Quality of Service + (QOS). Once + ALTQ is enabled, queues can be + defined in the ruleset which determine the processing priority + of outbound packets. + + Before enabling ALTQ, refer to + altq4 to determine if the drivers for the network cards + installed on the system support it. + + ALTQ is not available as a + loadable kernel module. If the system's interfaces support + ALTQ, create a custom kernel using + the instructions in . The + following kernel options are available. The first is needed + to enable ALTQ. At least one of + the other options is necessary to specify the queueing + scheduler algorithm: + + options ALTQ +options ALTQ_CBQ # Class Based Queuing (CBQ) +options ALTQ_RED # Random Early Detection (RED) +options ALTQ_RIO # RED In/Out +options ALTQ_HFSC # Hierarchical Packet Scheduler (HFSC) +options ALTQ_PRIQ # Priority Queuing (PRIQ) + + The following scheduler algorithms are available: + + + + CBQ + + Class Based Queuing (CBQ) is + used to divide a connection's bandwidth into different + classes or queues to prioritize traffic based on filter + rules. + + + + + RED + + Random Early Detection (RED) is + used to avoid network congestion by measuring the length + of the queue and comparing it to the minimum and maximum + thresholds for the queue. When the queue is over the + maximum, all new packets are randomly dropped. + + + + + RIO + + In Random Early Detection In and Out + (RIO) mode, RED + maintains multiple average queue lengths and multiple + threshold values, one for each + QOS level. + + + + + HFSC + + Hierarchical Fair Service Curve Packet Scheduler + (HFSC) is described in http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~hzhang/HFSC/main.html. + + + + + PRIQ + + Priority Queuing (PRIQ) always + passes traffic that is in a higher queue first. + + + + + More information about the scheduling + algorithms and example rulesets are available at the OpenBSD's web archive. + @@ -47301,7 +47308,7 @@ FreeBSD 提供一個範本規則集於 /etc/rc.firewall，其定義了幾個常見情境會使用的防火牆類型來協助初學的使用者撰寫合適的規則集。IPFW 提供了強大的語法讓進階的使用者可以用來自訂符合環境安全性要求的規則集。 - 本節將介紹如何開啟 IPFW、規則語法的概要以及示範幾種常見情境所使用的規則集： + 本節將介紹如何開啟 IPFW、規則語法的概要以及示範幾種常見情境所使用的規則集。 開啟 <application>IPFW</application> @@ -47317,40 +47324,21 @@ custom kernel is not needed in order to enable IPFW. - 核心選項 IPFIREWALL - - 核心選項 IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE - - 核心選項 IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT - - - IPFW - - kernel options - - For those users who wish to statically compile IPFW support into a custom kernel, - refer to the instructions in . - The following options are available for the - custom kernel configuration file: + see . - options IPFIREWALL # enables IPFW -options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE # enables logging for rules with log keyword -options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=5 # limits number of logged packets per-entry -options IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT # sets default policy to pass what is not explicitly denied -options IPDIVERT # enables NAT - To configure the system to enable - IPFW at boot time, add the - following entry to /etc/rc.conf: + IPFW at boot time, add + firewall_enable="YES" to + /etc/rc.conf: - firewall_enable="YES" + # sysrc firewall_enable="YES" To use one of the default firewall types provided by FreeBSD, add another line which specifies the type: - firewall_type="open" + # sysrc firewall_type="open" The available types are: @@ -47402,19 +47390,44 @@ firewall_script is set to /etc/ipfw.rules: - firewall_script="/etc/ipfw.rules" + # sysrc firewall_script="/etc/ipfw.rules" - To enable logging, include this line: + To enable logging through syslogd8, include this + line: - firewall_logging="YES" + # sysrc firewall_logging="YES" + + Only firewall rules with the option will + be logged. The default rules do not include this option and it + must be manually added. Therefore it is advisable that the default + ruleset is edited for logging. In addition, log rotation may be + desired if the logs are stored in a separate file. + + There is no /etc/rc.conf variable to set logging limits. To limit the number of times a rule is logged per connection attempt, specify the number using this line in /etc/sysctl.conf: - net.inet.ip.fw.verbose_limit=5 + # echo "net.inet.ip.fw.verbose_limit=5" >> /etc/sysctl.conf + To enable logging through a dedicated interface named + ipfw0, add this line to + /etc/rc.conf instead: + + # sysrc firewall_logif="YES" + + Then use tcpdump to see what is + being logged: + + # tcpdump -t -n -i ipfw0 + + + There is no overhead due to logging unless + tcpdump is attached. + + After saving the needed edits, start the firewall. To enable logging limits now, also set the sysctl value specified above: @@ -47810,9 +47823,9 @@ $cmd 00999 deny log all from any to any - + - 設定 <acronym>NAT</acronym> + 核心內 <acronym>NAT</acronym> @@ -47823,19 +47836,34 @@ Contributed by + + + + + Dries + Michiels + + Rewritten and updated by + + + NAT and IPFW - FreeBSD's built-in NAT daemon, - natd8, works in conjunction with + FreeBSD's IPFW firewall has two + implementations of NAT: one being the + userland natd8 daemon, and the more recent + IPFW's built-in + NAT facility also known as in-kernel + NAT. Both work in conjunction with IPFW to provide network address translation. This can be used to provide an Internet Connection Sharing solution so that several internal computers - can connect to the Internet using a single + can connect to the Internet using a single public IP address. To do this, the FreeBSD machine connected to the Internet @@ -47845,91 +47873,143 @@ LAN. Each machine connected to the LAN should be assigned an IP address in the private network space, as - defined by RFC - 1918, and have the default gateway set to the - natd8 system's internal IP - address. + defined by RFC + 1918. - Some additional configuration is needed in order to - activate the NAT function of - IPFW. If the system has a custom - kernel, the kernel configuration file needs to include - option IPDIVERT along with the other - IPFIREWALL options described in . + Some additional configuration is needed in order to enable + the in-kernel NAT function of + IPFW. To enable in-kernel + NAT support at boot time, the following + must be set in /etc/rc.conf: - To enable NAT support at boot time, the - following must be in /etc/rc.conf: + gateway_enable="YES" +firewall_enable="YES" +firewall_nat_enable="YES" - gateway_enable="YES" # enables the gateway -natd_enable="YES" # enables NAT -natd_interface="rl0" # specify interface name of NIC attached to Internet -natd_flags="-dynamic -m" # -m = preserve port numbers; additional options are listed in natd8 - - It is also possible to specify a configuration file - which contains the options to pass to natd8: + When firewall_enable is not set, + but firewall_nat_enable is, it will have + no effect and do nothing, because the in-kernel + NAT implementation is only compatible + with IPFW. - natd_flags="-f /etc/natd.conf" - - The specified file must contain a list of configuration - options, one per line. For example: - - redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.2:6667 6667 -redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.3:80 80 - - For more information about this configuration file, - consult natd8. - - - Next, add the NAT rules to the firewall - ruleset. When the rulest contains stateful rules, the - positioning of the NAT rules is critical - and the skipto action is used. The + When the ruleset contains stateful rules, the positioning + of the NAT rule is critical and the + skipto action is used. The skipto action requires a rule number so - that it knows which rule to jump to. + that it knows which rule to jump to. Furthermore, because + of the architecture of libalias3, a library implemented + as a kernel module used for the in-kernel + NAT facility of + IPFW, it is necessary to disable + TCP segmentation offloading, or in short + TSO. TSO can be + disabled on a per network interface basis by using + ifconfig8 or on a system wide basis using + sysctl8. To disable TSO system + wide, the following must be set in + /etc/sysctl.conf: - The following example builds upon the firewall ruleset + net.inet.tcp.tso="0" + + The example below builds upon the firewall ruleset shown in the previous section. It adds some additional entries and modifies some existing rules in order to configure - the firewall for NAT. It starts by adding - some additional variables which represent the rule number to - skip to, the keep-state option, and a list - of TCP ports which will be used to reduce - the number of rules: + the firewall for in-kernel NAT. It starts + by adding some additional variables which represent the rule + number to skip to, the keep-state option, + and a list of TCP ports which will be used + to reduce the number of rules. #!/bin/sh ipfw -q -f flush cmd="ipfw -q add" -skip="skipto 500" +skip="skipto 1000" pif=dc0 ks="keep-state" good_tcpo="22,25,37,53,80,443,110" + A NAT instance will also be + configured. With in-kernel NAT it is + possible to have multiple NAT instances + each with their own configuration. Although, for this example + only one NAT instance is needed; + NAT instance number 1. The configuration + takes a few arguments and flags such as: + which indicates the public interface, + which takes care that alliased + ports and local port numbers are mapped the same, + will result in only unregistered + (private) address spaces to be processed by the + NAT instance, and + which will help to keep a functioning NAT + instance even when the public IP address of + the IPFW machine changes. For all + possible options that can be passed to a single + NAT instance configuration consult + ipfw8. Furthermore, because of the nature of a + stateful NATing firewall, it is neseccary + to allow translated packets to be reinjected in the firewall + for further processing, this can be achieved by disabling + behavior at the start of the + firewall script. + + ipfw disable one_pass +ipfw -q nat 1 config if $pif same_ports unreg_only reset + The inbound NAT rule is inserted after the two rules which allow all - traffic on the trusted internal interface and on the loopback - interface and before the + traffic on the trusted and loopback interfaces and after the + reassamble rule but before the check-state rule. It is important that the rule number selected for this NAT rule, in this example 100, is higher than the first - two rules and lower than the check-state - rule: + three rules and lower than the check-state + rule. Furthermore, because of the behavior of in-kernel + NAT it is advised to place a reassamble + rule just before the first NAT rule and + after the rules that allow traffic on trusted interface. + Normally, IP fragmentation should not + happen, but when dealing with IPSEC/ESP/GRE + tunneling traffic it might and the reassmabling of fragments + is necessary before handing the complete packet over to the + in-kernel NAT engine. + + The reassemble rule was not needed with userland + natd8 because the internal workings of the + IPFW divert + action already takes care of this automatically as also + stated in ipfw8. + + The current NAT instance number and + NAT rule number does not match with the + default NAT instance number and rule + number created by rc.firewall which is + a script to set up the baked-in default firewall rulesets + present in FreeBSD. + $cmd 005 allow all from any to any via xl0 # exclude LAN traffic $cmd 010 allow all from any to any via lo0 # exclude loopback traffic -$cmd 100 divert natd ip from any to any in via $pif # NAT any inbound packets +$cmd 099 reass all from any to any in # reassamble inbound packets +$cmd 100 nat 1 ip from any to any in via $pif # NAT any inbound packets # Allow the packet through if it has an existing entry in the dynamic rules table $cmd 101 check-state The outbound rules are modified to replace the allow action with the $skip variable, indicating that rule - processing will continue at rule 500. The + processing will continue at rule 1000. The seven tcp rules have been replaced by rule 125 as the $good_tcpo variable contains the seven allowed outbound ports. + + Remember that IPFW's + firewall performance is largely determined by the number of + rules present in the ruleset. + # Authorized outbound packets $cmd 120 $skip udp from any to x.x.x.x 53 out via $pif $ks $cmd 121 $skip udp from any to x.x.x.x 67 out via $pif $ks @@ -47937,26 +48017,25 @@ $cmd 130 $skip icmp from any to any out via $pif $ks The inbound rules remain the same, except for the very - last rule which removes the via $pif in + last rule which removes the via $pif in order to catch both inbound and outbound rules. The NAT rule must follow this last outbound rule, must have a higher number than that last rule, and the rule number must be referenced by the skipto action. In this ruleset, rule - number 500 diverts all packets which match - the outbound rules to natd8 for - NAT processing. The next rule allows any - packet which has undergone NAT processing - to pass. + number 1000 handles passing all packets to + our configured instance for NAT processing. + The next rule allows any packet which has undergone + NAT processing to pass. - $cmd 499 deny log all from any to any -$cmd 500 divert natd ip from any to any out via $pif # skipto location for outbound stateful rules -$cmd 510 allow ip from any to any + $cmd 999 deny log all from any to any +$cmd 1000 nat 1 ip from any to any out via $pif # skipto location for outbound stateful rules +$cmd 1001 allow ip from any to any In this example, rules 100, 101, 125, - 500, and 510 control the - address translation of the outbound and inbound packets so + 1000, and 1001 control + the address translation of the outbound and inbound packets so that the entries in the dynamic state table always register the private LAN IP address. @@ -47973,7 +48052,7 @@ internal LAN. On matching this rule, two actions take place. First, the keep-state action adds an entry to the dynamic state table and the - specified action, skipto rule 500, is + specified action, skipto rule 1000, is executed. Next, the packet undergoes NAT and is sent out to the Internet. This packet makes its way to the destination web server, where a response packet is @@ -47992,22 +48071,50 @@ generated as a response is recognized by the check-state rule as belonging to an existing session. It is then sent to rule - 500 to undergo + 1000 to undergo NAT before being released to the outbound interface. + + Transition from userland natd8 to in-kernel + NAT might seem seamless at first but + there is small catch. When using the GENERIC kernel, + IPFW will load the + libalias.ko + kernel module, when firewall_nat_enable + is enabled in rc.conf. Although, the + loaded module only provides basic NAT + functionality, whereas the userland implementation + natd8 has all functionality available without any + extra configuration from its userland library. All + functionality refers to the following kernel modules that + can additionally be loaded when needed besides the standard + libalias.ko kernel module: + alias_cuseeme.ko, + alias_ftp.ko, + alias_bbt.ko, + skinny.ko, irc.ko, + alias_pptp.ko and + alias_smedia.ko using the + kld_list directive in + rc.conf to mimic the full functionality + of the userland implementation. If a custom kernel is used, + the full functionality of the userland library can be + compiled in, in the kernel, using the . + Port 重新導向 - The drawback with natd8 is that the - LAN clients are not accessible from the - Internet. Clients on the LAN can make - outgoing connections to the world but cannot receive - incoming ones. This presents a problem if trying to run - Internet services on one of the LAN + The drawback with NAT in general is + that the LAN clients are not accessible + from the Internet. Clients on the LAN + can make outgoing connections to the world but cannot + receive incoming ones. This presents a problem if trying to + run Internet services on one of the LAN client machines. A simple way around this is to redirect - selected Internet ports on the natd8 machine to a - LAN client. + selected Internet ports on the NAT + providing machine to a LAN client. For example, an IRC server runs on client A and a web server runs on @@ -48016,49 +48123,51 @@ (IRC) and 80 (HTTP) must be redirected to the respective machines. - The syntax for is as + With in-kernel NAT all configuration + is done in the NAT instance + configuration. For a full list of options that an in-kernel + NAT instance can use, consult + ipfw8. The IPFW syntax + follows the syntax of natd. The + syntax for is as follows: - -redirect_port proto targetIP:targetPORT[-targetPORT] - [aliasIP:]aliasPORT[-aliasPORT] - [remoteIP[:remotePORT[-remotePORT]]] + redirect_port proto targetIP:targetPORT[-targetPORT] + [aliasIP:]aliasPORT[-aliasPORT] + [remoteIP[:remotePORT[-remotePORT]]] - In the above example, the argument should be: + To configure the above example setup, the arguments + should be: - -redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.2:6667 6667 - -redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.3:80 80 + redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.2:6667 6667 +redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.3:80 80 - This redirects the proper TCP ports - to the LAN client machines. + After adding these arguments to the configuration of + NAT instance 1 in the above ruleset, the + TCP ports will be port forwarded to the + LAN client machines running the + IRC and HTTP + services. + ipfw -q nat 1 config if $pif same_ports unreg_only reset \ + redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.2:6667 6667 \ + redirect_port tcp 192.1683.0.3:80 80 + Port ranges over individual ports can be indicated with - . For example, + . For example, tcp 192.168.0.2:2000-3000 - 2000-3000 would redirect all connections + 2000-3000 would redirect all connections received on ports 2000 to 3000 to ports 2000 to 3000 on client A. - - These options can be used when directly running - natd8, placed within the - natd_flags="" option in - /etc/rc.conf, or passed via a - configuration file. - - For further configuration options, consult - natd8 位址重新導向 - - address redirection - - Address redirection is useful if more than one IP address is available. Each LAN client can be assigned its own - external IP address by natd8, + external IP address by ipfw8, which will then rewrite outgoing packets from the LAN clients with the proper external IP address and redirects all traffic @@ -48067,55 +48176,90 @@ also known as static NAT. For example, if IP addresses 128.1.1.1, 128.1.1.2, and 128.1.1.3 are available, 128.1.1.1 can be - used as the natd8 machine's external + used as the ipfw8 machine's external IP address, while 128.1.1.2 and 128.1.1.3 are forwarded back to LAN clients A and B. - The syntax is as - follows: + The syntax is as + below, where localIP is the internal + IP address of the LAN + client, and publicIP the external + IP address corresponding to the + LAN client. - -redirect_address localIP publicIP + redirect_address localIP publicIP + In the example, the arguments would read: - - - - - localIP - The internal IP address of - the LAN client. - + redirect_address 192.168.0.2 128.1.1.2 +redirect_address 192.168.0.3 128.1.1.3 - - publicIP - The external IP address - corresponding to the LAN - client. - - - - - - In the example, this argument would read: - - -redirect_address 192.168.0.2 128.1.1.2 --redirect_address 192.168.0.3 128.1.1.3 - - Like , these arguments - are placed within the natd_flags="" - option of /etc/rc.conf, or passed via a - configuration file. With address redirection, there is no - need for port redirection since all data received on a + Like , these arguments + are placed in a NAT instance + configuration. With address redirection, there is no + need for port redirection, as all data received on a particular IP address is redirected. The external IP addresses on the - natd8 machine must be active and aliased to the + ipfw8 machine must be active and aliased to the external interface. Refer to rc.conf5 for details. + + + Userspace <acronym>NAT</acronym> + + Let us start with a statement: the userspace + NAT implementation: natd8, has + more overhead than in-kernel NAT. For + natd8 to translate packets, the packets have to be + copied from the kernel to userspace and back which brings in + extra overhead that is not present with in-kernel + NAT. + + 要在開機時啟動 Userspace 的 NAT daemon natd8 需在 /etc/rc.conf 中做以下最小設定，其中 要設成連接到網際網路的 NIC 名稱，rc8 script of natd8 會自動檢查是否有使用動態 IP 位址，並且自行設定並處理。 + + gateway_enable="YES" +natd_enable="YES" +natd_interface="rl0" + + In general, the above ruleset as explained for in-kernel + NAT can also be used together with + natd8. The only exceptions are the configuration of + the in-kernel NAT instance (ipfw + -q nat 1 config ...) not being applicable any + more, rule number 100 and 1000 will have to change sligthly + as below, and reassemble rule 99 is not needed anymore + as the action is used which covers + fragmentation. + + $cmd 100 divert natd ip from any to any in via $pif +$cmd 1000 divert natd ip from any to any out via $pif + + To configure port or address redirection, a similar + syntax as with in-kernel NAT is used. + Although, now, instead of specifying the configuration in + our ruleset script like with in-kernel + NAT, configuration of natd8 is + best done in a configuration file. To do this, an extra + flag must be passed via /etc/rc.conf + which specifies the path of the configuration file. + + natd_flags="-f /etc/natd.conf" + + + The specified file must contain a list of + configuration options, one per line. For more information + about the configuration file and possible variables, + consult natd8. Below are two example + entries, one per line: + + redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.2:6667 6667 +redirect_address 192.168.0.3 128.1.1.3 + @@ -48285,6 +48429,43 @@ # ipfw -q add 00611 allow udp from any to 192.0.2.11 53 out via tun0 keep-state + + + <application>IPFW</application> 核心選項 + + 核心選項 IPFIREWALL + + 核心選項 IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE + + 核心選項 IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT + + + IPFW + + kernel options + + In order to statically compile + IPFW support into a custom kernel, + refer to the instructions in . + The following options are available for the + custom kernel configuration file: + + options IPFIREWALL # enables IPFW +options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE # enables logging for rules with log keyword to syslogd(8) +options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=5 # limits number of logged packets per-entry +options IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT # sets default policy to pass what is not explicitly denied +options IPFIREWALL_NAT # enables in-kernel NAT support +options IPFIREWALL_NAT64 # enables in-kernel NAT64 support +options IPFIREWALL_NPTV6 # enables in-kernel IPv6 NPT support +options IPFIREWALL_PMOD # enables protocols modification module support +options IPDIVERT # enables NAT through natd(8) + + + IPFW can be loaded as + a kernel module: options above are built by default + as modules or can be set at runtime using tunables. + + @@ -49377,6 +49558,326 @@ message. + + + Blacklistd + + Blacklistd is a daemon listening to sockets to receive + notifications from other daemons about connection attempts + that failed or were successful. It is most widely used in + blocking too many connection attempts on open ports. A + prime example is SSH running on + the internet getting a lot of requests from bots or scripts + trying to guess passwords and gain access. Using + blacklistd, the daemon can notify + the firewall to create a filter rule to block excessive + connection attempts from a single source after a number of + tries. Blacklistd was first developed on + NetBSD and appeared there in version 7. FreeBSD 11 + imported blacklistd from NetBSD. + + This chapter describes how to set up blacklistd, + configure it, and provides examples on how to use it. + Readers should be familiar with basic firewall concepts like + rules. For details, refer to the firewall chapter. PF is + used in the examples, but other firewalls available on + FreeBSD should be able to work with blacklistd, too. + + + 開啟 Blacklistd + + The main configuration for blacklistd is stored in + blacklistd.conf5. Various command line options are + also available to change blacklistd's run-time behavior. + Persistent configuration across reboots should be stored + in /etc/blacklistd.conf. To enable + the daemon during system boot, add a + blacklistd_enable line to + /etc/rc.conf like this: + + # sysrc blacklistd_enable=yes + + To start the service manually, run this command: + + # service blacklistd start + + + + 建立 Blacklistd 規則集 + + Rules for blacklistd are configured in + blacklistd.conf5 with one entry per line. Each + rule contains a tuple separated by spaces or tabs. Rules + either belong to a local or a + remote, which applies to the machine + where blacklistd is running or an outside source, + respectively. + + + 本地規則 + + An example blacklistd.conf entry for a local rule + looks like this: + + [local] +ssh stream * * * 3 24h + + All rules that follow the [local] + section are treated as local rules (which is the + default), applying to the local machine. When a + [remote] section is encountered, all + rules that follow it are handled as remote machine + rules. + + Seven fields define a rule separated by either tabs + or spaces. The first four fields identify the traffic + that should be blacklisted. The three fields that + follow define backlistd's behavior. Wildcards are + denoted as asterisks (*), matching + anything in this field. The first field defines the + location. In local rules, these are the network ports. + The syntax for the location field is as follows: + + [address|interface][/mask][:port] + + Adressses can be specified as IPv4 in numeric format + or IPv6 in square brackets. An interface name like + em0 can also + be used. + + The socket type is defined by the second field. TCP + sockets are of type stream, whereas UDP + is denoted as dgram. The example above + uses TCP, since SSH is using that protocol. + + A protocol can be used in the third field of a + blacklistd rule. The following protocols can be used: + tcp, udp, + tcp6, udp6, or + numeric. A wildcard, like in the example, is typically + used to match all protocols unless there is a reason to + distinguish traffic by a certain protocol. + + In the fourth field, the effective user or owner of + the daemon process that is reporting the event is defined. + The username or UID can be used here, + as well as a wildcard (see example rule above). + + The packet filter rule name is declared by the fifth + field, which starts the behavior part of the rule. By + default, blacklistd puts all blocks under a pf anchor + called blacklistd in + pf.conf like this: + + anchor "blacklistd/*" in on $ext_if +block in +pass out + + For separate blacklists, an anchor name can be used in + this field. In other cases, the wildcard will suffice. + When a name starts with a hyphen (-) it + means that an anchor with the default rule name prepended + should be used. A modified example from the above using + the hyphen would look like this: + + ssh stream * * -ssh 3 24h + + With such a rule, any new blacklist rules are added to + an anchor called blacklistd-ssh. + + To block whole subnets for a single rule violation, a + / in the rule name can be used. This + causes the remaining portion of the name to be interpreted + as the mask to be applied to the address specified in + the rule. For example, this rule would block every + address adjoining /24. + + 22 stream tcp * */24 3 24h + + + It is important to specify the proper + protocol here. IPv4 and IPv6 treat /24 differently, + that is the reason why * cannot be + used in the third field for this rule. + + + This rule defines that if any one host in that network + is misbehaving, everything else on that network will be + blocked, too. + + The sixth field, called nfail, sets + the number of login failures required to blacklist the + remote IP in question. When a wildcard is used at this + position, it means that blocks will never happen. In the + example rule above, a limit of three is defined meaning + that after three attempts to log into + SSH on one connection, the IP + is blocked. + + The last field in a blacklistd rule definition + specifies how long a host is blacklisted. The default + unit is seconds, but suffixes like m, + h, and d can also be + specified for minutes, hours, and days, + respectively. + + The example rule in its entirety means that after + three times authenticating to + SSH will result in a new PF + block rule for that host. Rule matches are performed by + first checking local rules one after another, from most + specific to least specific. When a match occurs, the + remote rules are applied and the name, + nfail, and disable fields are changed + by the remote rule that matched. + + + + 遠端規則 + + Remote rules are used to specify how blacklistd + changes its behavior depending on the remote host + currently being evaluated. Each field in a remote rule + is the same as in a local rule. The only difference is + in the way blacklistd is using them. To explain it, + this example rule is used: + + [remote] +203.0.113.128/25 * * * =/25 = 48h + + The address field can be an IP address (either v4 or + v6), a port or both. This allows setting special rules + for a specific remote address range like in this example. + The fields for type, protocol and owner are identically + interpreted as in the local rule. + + The name fields is different though: the equal sign + (=) in a remote rule tells blacklistd + to use the value from the matching local rule. It means + that the firewall rule entry is taken and the + /25 prefix (a + netmask of 255.255.255.128) is added. + When a connection from that address range is blacklisted, + the entire subnet is affected. A PF anchor name can also + be used here, in which case blacklistd will add rules for + this address block to the anchor of that name. The + default table is used when a wildcard is specified. + + A custom number of failures in the + nfail column can be defined for an + address. This is useful for exceptions to a specific + rule, to maybe allow someone a less strict application + of rules or a bit more leniency in login tries. + Blocking is disabled when an asterisk is used in this + sixth field. + + Remote rules allow a stricter enforcement of limits + on attempts to log in compared to attempts coming from a + local network like an office. + + + + + Blacklistd 客戶端設定 + + There are a few software packages in FreeBSD that can + utilize blacklistd's functionality. The two most + prominent ones are ftpd8 and sshd8 to block + excessive connection attempts. To activate blacklistd in + the SSH daemon, add the following line to + /etc/ssh/sshd_config: + + UseBlacklist yes + + 接著重新啟動 sshd 來使變更生效。 + + Blacklisting for ftpd8 is enabled using + -B, either in + /etc/inetd.conf or as a + flag in /etc/rc.conf like + this: + + ftpd_flags="-B" + + That is all that is needed to make these programs + talk to blacklistd. + + + + Blacklistd 管理 + + Blacklistd provides the user with a management utility + called blacklistctl8. It displays blocked + addresses and networks that are blacklisted by the rules + defined in blacklistd.conf5. To see the + list of currently blocked hosts, use + dump combined with + like this. + + # blacklistctl dump -b + address/ma:port id nfail last access +213.0.123.128/25:22 OK 6/3 2019/06/08 14:30:19 + + This example shows that there were 6 out of three + permitted attempts on port 22 coming from the address + range 213.0.123.128/25. There + are more attempts listed than are allowed because SSH + allows a client to try multiple logins on a single TCP + connection. A connection that is currently going on is + not stopped by blacklistd. The last connection attempt is + listed in the last access column of the + output. + + To see the remaining time that this host will be on + the blacklist, add to the previous + command. + + # blacklistctl dump -br + address/ma:port id nfail remaining time +213.0.123.128/25:22 OK 6/3 36s + + In this example, there are 36s seconds left until this + host will not be blocked any more. + + + + 從封鎖清單移除主機 + + Sometimes it is necessary to remove a host from the + block list before the remaining time expires. + Unfortunately, there is no functionality in blacklistd to + do that. However, it is possible to remove the address + from the PF table using pfctl. For each blocked port, + there is a child anchor inside the blacklistd anchor + defined in /etc/pf.conf. For + example, if there is a child anchor for blocking port 22 + it is called blacklistd/22. There is a + table inside that child anchor that contains the blocked + addresses. This table is called port followed by the port + number. In this example, it would be called + port22. With that information at hand, + it is now possible to use pfctl8 to display all + addresses listed like this: + + # pfctl -a blacklistd/22 -t port22 -T show +... +213.0.123.128/25 +... + + After identifying the address to be unblocked from the + list, the following command removes it from the list: + + # pfctl -a blacklistd/22 -T delete 213.0.123.128/25 + + The address is now removed from PF, but will still + show up in the blacklistctl list, since it does not know + about any changes made in PF. The entry in blacklistd's + database will eventually expire and be removed from its + output eventually. The entry will be added again if the + host is matching one of the block rules in blacklistd + again. + + @@ -49394,7 +49895,7 @@ This chapter covers a number of advanced networking topics. - 讀完這章，您將了解︰ + 讀完這章，您將了解： @@ -49433,9 +49934,13 @@ 如何在 FreeBSD 上設定多個 VLAN。 + + + Configure bluetooth headset. + - 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰ + 在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要： @@ -50245,6 +50750,27 @@ ath0: [ITHREAD] ath0: AR2413 mac 7.9 RF2413 phy 4.5 + + + 設定正確的區域 + + Since the regulatory situation is different + in various parts of the world, it is necessary to + correctly set the domains that apply to your location to + have the correct information about what channels can be + used. + + The available region definitions can be found in + /etc/regdomain.xml. To set the data at + runtime, use ifconfig: + + # ifconfig wlan0 regdomain ETSI country AT + + To persist the settings, add it to + /etc/rc.conf: + + # sysrc create_args_wlan0="country AT regdomain ETSI" + @@ -51024,8 +51550,7 @@ - Add the following to - /etc/rc.conf: + 將以下參數加到 /etc/rc.conf： wlans_ath0="wlan0" ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" @@ -51703,8 +52228,9 @@ To start and stop the Bluetooth stack, use its startup script. It is a good idea to stop the stack before unplugging - the device. When starting the stack, the output should be - similar to the following: + the device. Starting the bluetooth stack might require + hcsecd8 to be started. When starting the stack, the + output should be similar to the following: # service bluetooth start ubt0 BD_ADDR: 00:02:72:00:d4:1a @@ -51758,9 +52284,9 @@ Bluetooth device, similar to the MAC address of a network card. This address is needed for further communication with a device and it is possible to assign a - human readable name to a BD_ADDR. Information regarding the - known Bluetooth hosts is contained in - /etc/bluetooth/hosts. The following + human readable name to a BD_ADDR. + Information regarding the known Bluetooth hosts is contained + in /etc/bluetooth/hosts. The following example shows how to obtain the human readable name that was assigned to the remote device: @@ -51773,12 +52299,26 @@ your.host.name (ubt0). The name assigned to the local device can be changed at any time. + Remote devices can be assigned aliases in + /etc/bluetooth/hosts. More information + about /etc/bluetooth/hosts file might be + found in bluetooth.hosts5. + The Bluetooth system provides a point-to-point connection between two Bluetooth units, or a point-to-multipoint connection which is shared among several Bluetooth devices. - The following example shows how to obtain the list of active - baseband connections for the local device: + The following example shows how to create a connection to a + remote device: + % hccontrol -n ubt0hci create_connection BT_ADDR + + create_connection accepts + BT_ADDR as well as host aliases in + /etc/bluetooth/hosts. + + The following example shows how to obtain the list of + active baseband connections for the local device: + % hccontrol -n ubt0hci read_connection_list Remote BD_ADDR Handle Type Mode Role Encrypt Pending Queue State 00:80:37:29:19:a4 41 ACL 0 MAST NONE 0 0 OPEN @@ -51865,7 +52405,7 @@ - 使用 <acronym>PPP</acronym> Profile 存取網路 + 使用 <acronym>PPP</acronym> Profile 存取網路 A Dial-Up Networking (DUN) profile can be used to configure a cellular phone as a wireless modem for @@ -54673,7 +55213,7 @@ 除此之外，FreeBSD 也可透過匿名 FTP 從下列鏡像站取得。要透過匿名 FTP 取得 FreeBSD 時，請先嘗試使用臨近的站台。列在 主要鏡像站 中的鏡像站通常會有完整的 FreeBSD 封存檔 (每一個架構目前所有可用的版本)，但若要考慮下載速度，可能要使用您所在國家或區域的站台。區域的站台會有熱門架構最近期的版本，但不會有完整的 FreeBSD 封存檔。所有站台皆提供匿名 FTP 存取只有部份站台會以其他方式提供存取。每個站台可用的存取方式會列在主機名稱後的括號當中。 -中央伺服器、主要鏡像站、亞美尼亞 (Armenia)、澳洲 (Australia)、奧地利 (Austria)、巴西 (Brazil)、中國 (China)、捷克 (Czech Republic)、丹麥 (Denmark)、愛沙尼亞 (Estonia)、芬蘭 (Finland)、法國 (France)、德國 (Germany)、希臘 (Greece)、香港 (Hong Kong)、愛爾蘭 (Ireland)、日本 (Japan)、韓國 (Korea)、拉脫維亞 (Latvia)、立陶宛 (Lithuania)、荷蘭 (Netherlands)、紐西蘭 (New Zealand)、挪威 (Norway)、波蘭 (Poland)、俄羅斯 (Russia)、沙烏地阿拉伯 (Saudi Arabia)、斯洛維尼亞 (Slovenia)、南非 (South Africa)、西班牙 (Spain)、瑞典 (Sweden)、瑞士 (Switzerland)、台灣 (Taiwan)、烏克蘭 (Ukraine)、英國 (United Kingdom)、美國 (USA)。 +中央伺服器、主要鏡像站、亞美尼亞 (Armenia)、澳洲 (Australia)、奧地利 (Austria)、巴西 (Brazil)、捷克 (Czech Republic)、丹麥 (Denmark)、愛沙尼亞 (Estonia)、芬蘭 (Finland)、法國 (France)、德國 (Germany)、希臘 (Greece)、香港 (Hong Kong)、愛爾蘭 (Ireland)、日本 (Japan)、韓國 (Korea)、拉脫維亞 (Latvia)、立陶宛 (Lithuania)、荷蘭 (Netherlands)、紐西蘭 (New Zealand)、挪威 (Norway)、波蘭 (Poland)、俄羅斯 (Russia)、沙烏地阿拉伯 (Saudi Arabia)、斯洛維尼亞 (Slovenia)、南非 (South Africa)、西班牙 (Spain)、瑞典 (Sweden)、瑞士 (Switzerland)、台灣 (Taiwan)、烏克蘭 (Ukraine)、英國 (United Kingdom)、美國 (USA)。 @@ -54790,17 +55330,6 @@ - 中國 (China) - - 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@cn.FreeBSD.org。 - - - ftp://ftp.cn.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp) - - - - - 捷克 (Czech Republic) 若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@cz.FreeBSD.org。 @@ -55337,7 +55866,7 @@ <application>Svnlite</application> - svnlite 為輕量化版的 Subversion，會隨 FreeBSD 安裝。Subversion 的 Port 或套件版本僅在要使用其 Python 或 Perl API 或想要使用最新版本 Subversion 時才需安裝， + 輕量化版的 Subversion svnlite 已會隨 FreeBSD 安裝。Port 或套件版的 Subversion 僅在要使用其 Python 或 Perl API 時需要，或是新想要使用最新版本 Subversion 時才需要。 與正常 Subversion 唯一的差別只是指令名稱改為 svnlite。 @@ -55442,14 +55971,7 @@ 使用 <application>rsync</application> - These sites make FreeBSD available through the rsync - protocol. The rsync utility - transfers only the differences between two sets of files. - This is useful for mirror sites of the FreeBSD - FTP server. The - rsync suite is available for many - operating systems, on FreeBSD, see the net/rsync - port or use the package. + 這些站台讓 FreeBSD 可透過 rsync 通訊協定取得。rsync 工具只會傳輸兩個檔案集之間的差異，所以能夠大大的加快在網路上同步的速度，這對大多數 FreeBSD FTP 伺服器的鏡像站非常有用。rsync 在許多作業系統上也可以使用，在 FreeBSD 上請參考 net/rsync Port 或使用套件。 @@ -56135,14 +56657,6 @@ - Planet - FreeBSD offers an aggregation feed of dozens of blogs - written by FreeBSD developers. Many developers use this to - post quick notes about what they are working on, new - patches, and other works in progress. - - - The BSDConferences YouTube Channel provides a collection of high quality videos from BSD conferences around the world. @@ -56551,6 +57065,12 @@ + freebsd-kde + Porting KDE and + KDE applications + + + freebsd-lfs Porting LFS to FreeBSD @@ -56594,6 +57114,11 @@ + freebsd-ocaml + FreeBSD-specific OCaml discussions + + + freebsd-office Office applications on FreeBSD @@ -57029,13 +57554,6 @@ - svn-src-stable-12 - /usr/src - All changes to the stable/12 - branch of the src Subversion repository - - - svn-src-stable-other /usr/src All changes to the @@ -57816,6 +58334,21 @@ + freebsd-ocaml + + + FreeBSD-specific OCaml + discussions + + This is a list for discussions related to the OCaml + support on FreeBSD. This is a technical mailing list. It + is for individuals working on OCaml ports, 3rd party + libraries and frameworks. Individuals interested in the + technical discussion are also welcome. + + + + freebsd-office @@ -59212,6 +59745,55 @@ elxVyfz80+iMgEb9aL91MfeBNC2KB1pFmg91mQTsiq7ajwVLVJK8NplHAkdLmkBC O8MgMjzGhlE= =iw7d +-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- +]]> + + + + + <email>doceng-secretary@FreeBSD.org</email> + + + +sub rsa2048/9EA8D713509472FC 2019-10-31 [E] [expires: 2022-10-30] + +]]> + Index: head/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/zh_TW.po =================================================================== --- head/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/zh_TW.po +++ head/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/zh_TW.po @@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: \n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-12-20 22:25+0800\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-12-20 14:22+0800\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-11-15 14:16+0800\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-11-27 22:49+0800\n" "Last-Translator: Chien Wei Lin \n" "Language-Team: \n" "Language: zh_TW\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.11\n" +"X-Generator: Poedit 2.2.4\n" #. Put one translator per line, in the form NAME , YEAR1, YEAR2 msgctxt "_" @@ -18,17 +18,17 @@ msgstr "Chien Wei Lin " #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:668 +#: book.translate.xml:682 msgid "FreeBSD Handbook" msgstr "FreeBSD 使用手冊" #. (itstool) path: info/author -#: book.translate.xml:670 +#: book.translate.xml:684 msgid "The FreeBSD Documentation Project" msgstr "FreeBSD 文件計劃" #. (itstool) path: info/copyright -#: book.translate.xml:678 +#: book.translate.xml:692 msgid "" "1995 1996 1997 1998 " "1999 2000 2001 2002 " @@ -36,16 +36,16 @@ "2007 2008 2009 2010 " "2011 2012 2013 2014 " "2015 2016 2017 2018 " -"The FreeBSD Documentation Project" +"2019 The FreeBSD Documentation Project" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/title -#: book.translate.xml:708 +#: book.translate.xml:723 msgid "Copyright" msgstr "版權" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:710 +#: book.translate.xml:725 msgid "" "Redistribution and use in source (XML DocBook) and 'compiled' forms (XML, " "HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or without modification, are " @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:717 +#: book.translate.xml:732 msgid "" "Redistributions of source code (XML DocBook) must retain the above copyright " "notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer as the first " @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:723 +#: book.translate.xml:738 msgid "" "Redistributions in compiled form (transformed to other DTDs, converted to " "PDF, PostScript, RTF and other formats) must reproduce the above copyright " @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:732 +#: book.translate.xml:747 msgid "" "THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT \"AS IS" "\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE " @@ -86,32 +86,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:749 +#: book.translate.xml:764 msgid "FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation." msgstr "FreeBSD 是 FreeBSD 基金會的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:751 +#: book.translate.xml:766 msgid "3Com and HomeConnect are registered trademarks of 3Com Corporation." msgstr "3Com 和 HomeConnect 是 3Com Corporation 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:753 +#: book.translate.xml:768 msgid "3ware is a registered trademark of 3ware Inc." msgstr "3ware 是 3ware Inc 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:755 +#: book.translate.xml:770 msgid "ARM is a registered trademark of ARM Limited." msgstr "ARM 是 ARM Limited. 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:757 +#: book.translate.xml:772 msgid "Adaptec is a registered trademark of Adaptec, Inc." msgstr "Adaptec 是 Adaptec, Inc. 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:759 +#: book.translate.xml:774 msgid "" "Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, Flash and PostScript are either registered " "trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States " @@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ "Incorporated 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:763 +#: book.translate.xml:778 msgid "" "Apple, AirPort, FireWire, iMac, iPhone, iPad, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, " "Quicktime, and TrueType are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. " @@ -131,12 +131,12 @@ "Quicktime 以及 TrueType 是 Apple Inc. 在美國以及其他國家的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:768 +#: book.translate.xml:783 msgid "Android is a trademark of Google Inc." msgstr "Android 是 Google Inc 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:770 +#: book.translate.xml:785 msgid "" "Heidelberg, Helvetica, Palatino, and Times Roman are either registered " "trademarks or trademarks of Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG in the U.S. and " @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ "Druckmaschinen AG 在美國以及其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:774 +#: book.translate.xml:789 msgid "" "IBM, AIX, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are trademarks of " "International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other " @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ "Machines Corporation 在美國和其他國家的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:778 +#: book.translate.xml:793 msgid "" "IEEE, POSIX, and 802 are registered trademarks of Institute of Electrical " "and Electronics Engineers, Inc. in the United States." @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ "Inc. 在美國的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:781 +#: book.translate.xml:796 msgid "" "Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, " "and Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its " @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ "及 Xeon 是 Intel Corporation 及其分支機構在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:785 +#: book.translate.xml:800 msgid "" "Intuit and Quicken are registered trademarks and/or registered service marks " "of Intuit Inc., or one of its subsidiaries, in the United States and other " @@ -185,12 +185,12 @@ "標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:788 +#: book.translate.xml:803 msgid "Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds." msgstr "Linux 是 Linus Torvalds 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:790 +#: book.translate.xml:805 msgid "" "LSI Logic, AcceleRAID, eXtremeRAID, MegaRAID and Mylex are trademarks or " "registered trademarks of LSI Logic Corp." @@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ "商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:793 +#: book.translate.xml:808 msgid "" "Microsoft, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media and Windows " "NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation " @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ "Windows NT 是 Microsoft Corporation 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:797 +#: book.translate.xml:812 msgid "" "Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The " "Open Group are trademarks of The Open Group in the United States and other " @@ -219,12 +219,12 @@ "DialTone 和 The Open Group 是其商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:801 +#: book.translate.xml:816 msgid "Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation." msgstr "Oracle 是 Oracle Corporation 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:803 +#: book.translate.xml:818 msgid "" "RealNetworks, RealPlayer, and RealAudio are the registered trademarks of " "RealNetworks, Inc." @@ -232,14 +232,14 @@ "RealNetworks, RealPlayer, 和 RealAudio 是 RealNetworks, Inc. 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:806 +#: book.translate.xml:821 msgid "" "Red Hat, RPM, are trademarks or registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in " "the United States and other countries." msgstr "Red Hat, RPM, 是 Red Hat, Inc. 在美國和其他國家的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:809 +#: book.translate.xml:824 msgid "" "Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, " "Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS and VirtualBox are trademarks or " @@ -251,37 +251,37 @@ "Microsystems, Inc. 在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:814 +#: book.translate.xml:829 msgid "MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc." msgstr "MATLAB 是 The MathWorks, Inc. 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:816 +#: book.translate.xml:831 msgid "SpeedTouch is a trademark of Thomson." msgstr "SpeedTouch 是 Thomson 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:818 +#: book.translate.xml:833 msgid "VMware is a trademark of VMware, Inc." msgstr "VMware 是 VMware, Inc. 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:820 +#: book.translate.xml:835 msgid "Mathematica is a registered trademark of Wolfram Research, Inc." msgstr "Mathematica 是 Wolfram Research, Inc 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:822 +#: book.translate.xml:837 msgid "XFree86 is a trademark of The XFree86 Project, Inc." msgstr "XFree86 是 The XFree86 Project, Inc 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:824 +#: book.translate.xml:839 msgid "Ogg Vorbis and Xiph.Org are trademarks of Xiph.Org." msgstr "Ogg Vorbis 以及 Xiph.Org 是 Xiph.Org 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:826 +#: book.translate.xml:841 msgid "" "Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish " "their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in " @@ -294,26 +294,25 @@ "quote> 或 ® 符號來標示。" #. (itstool) path: abstract/para -#: book.translate.xml:835 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:850 msgid "" "Welcome to FreeBSD! This handbook covers the installation and day to day use " -"of FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE and FreeBSD 11.2-" +"of FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE and FreeBSD 11.3-" "RELEASE. This book is the result of ongoing work by many " "individuals. Some sections might be outdated. Those interested in helping to " "update and expand this document should send email to the FreeBSD " "documentation project mailing list." msgstr "" -"歡迎使用 FreeBSD！ 本使用手冊涵蓋範圍包括了 FreeBSD 11.1-RELEASE, FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE 與 FreeBSD " -"10.4-RELEASE 的安裝與平日操作的說明。 這份使用手冊是很多人的集體創" -"作，而且仍然『持續不斷』的進行中，因此部份章節可能尚未仍未完成，如果您有興趣" -"協助本計畫的話，請寄電子郵件至 FreeBSD 文件專案郵遞論壇。" +"歡迎使用 FreeBSD！ 本使用手冊涵蓋範圍包括了 FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE 與 FreeBSD 11.3-RELEASE 的安裝與平日操作的說" +"明。 這份使用手冊是很多人的集體創作，而且仍然『持續不斷』的進行中，因此部份章" +"節可能尚未仍未完成，如果您有興趣協助本計畫的話，請寄電子郵件至 FreeBSD 文件專" +"案郵遞論壇。" #. (itstool) path: abstract/para -#: book.translate.xml:843 +#: book.translate.xml:859 msgid "" "The latest version of this book is available from the FreeBSD web site. Previous versions can " @@ -322,34 +321,34 @@ "formats and compression options from the FreeBSD FTP server or one of the numerous " "mirror sites. Printed copies can be " -"purchased at the FreeBSD " +"purchased at the FreeBSD " "Mall. Searches can be performed on the handbook and other documents " "on the search page." msgstr "" "在 FreeBSD 網站 可以找到" -"本文件的最新版本，舊版文件可從 https://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/ 取得。本文件也提供各種格式與不同壓" "縮方式的版本可自 FreeBSD FTP 伺服器 或是其中一個 鏡像" -"網站 下載。 列印出來的實體書面資料可在 下載。 列印出來的實體書面資料可在 FreeBSD 商城 購買。 此外，您可在 搜尋頁面 中搜尋本文件或其他文" "件的資料。" #. (itstool) path: preface/title -#: book.translate.xml:864 +#: book.translate.xml:880 msgid "Preface" msgstr "序" #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-audience -#: book.translate.xml:866 +#: book.translate.xml:882 msgid "Intended Audience" msgstr "給讀者的話" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:869 +#: book.translate.xml:885 msgid "" "The FreeBSD newcomer will find that the first section of this book guides " "the user through the FreeBSD installation process and gently introduces the " @@ -363,7 +362,7 @@ "一些常用、共通的東西。而閱讀這部分並不難，只需要您有探索的精神和接受新概念。" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:876 +#: book.translate.xml:892 msgid "" "Once you have traveled this far, the second, far larger, section of the " "Handbook is a comprehensive reference to all manner of topics of interest to " @@ -376,7 +375,7 @@ "不熟的話，可在閱讀前先預習一番。" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:883 +#: book.translate.xml:899 msgid "" "For a list of additional sources of information, please see ." @@ -384,12 +383,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-changes-from3 -#: book.translate.xml:886 +#: book.translate.xml:902 msgid "Changes from the Third Edition" msgstr "自第三版後的主要修訂" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:889 +#: book.translate.xml:905 msgid "" "The current online version of the Handbook represents the cumulative effort " "of many hundreds of contributors over the past 10 years. The following are " @@ -400,7 +399,7 @@ "2014 年發佈的兩冊第三版後所做的主要修訂：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:896 +#: book.translate.xml:912 msgid "" " has been added with information about the " "powerful DTrace performance analysis tool." @@ -408,7 +407,7 @@ " 增加說明有關強大的 DTrace 效能分析工具的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:901 +#: book.translate.xml:917 msgid "" " has been added with information about non-" "native file systems in FreeBSD, such as ZFS from Sun." @@ -417,7 +416,7 @@ "自 Sun 的 ZSF。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:907 +#: book.translate.xml:923 msgid "" " has been added to cover the new auditing " "capabilities in FreeBSD and explain its use." @@ -425,7 +424,7 @@ " 增加的內容涵蓋 FreeBSD 的新稽查功能及其使用說明。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:912 +#: book.translate.xml:928 msgid "" " has been added with information about " "installing FreeBSD on virtualization software." @@ -433,7 +432,7 @@ " 增加有關在虛擬化軟體安裝 FreeBSD 的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:918 +#: book.translate.xml:934 msgid "" " has been added to cover installation of " "FreeBSD using the new installation utility, bsdinstall has been expanded with new information " "about the ACPI power and resource management, the cron " @@ -470,7 +469,7 @@ "cron 以及其他更多的核心調校選項說明內容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:942 +#: book.translate.xml:958 msgid "" " has been expanded with new information about " "virtual private networks (VPNs), file system access control lists (ACLs), " @@ -480,7 +479,7 @@ "(ACL)，以及安全報告。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:948 +#: book.translate.xml:964 msgid "" " is a new chapter with this edition. It explains what " "MAC is and how this mechanism can be used to secure a FreeBSD system." @@ -489,7 +488,7 @@ "何運用它來使您的 FreeBSD 系統更安全。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:954 +#: book.translate.xml:970 msgid "" " has been expanded with new information about USB " "storage devices, file system snapshots, file system quotas, file and network " @@ -500,13 +499,13 @@ "詳解。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:961 +#: book.translate.xml:977 msgid "" "A troubleshooting section has been added to ." msgstr " 增加了疑難排解的章節。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:965 +#: book.translate.xml:981 msgid "" " has been expanded with new information about using " "alternative transport agents, SMTP authentication, UUCP, " @@ -518,7 +517,7 @@ "application> 的運用以及其它進階主題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:973 +#: book.translate.xml:989 msgid "" " is all new with this edition. This " "chapter includes information about setting up the Apache HTTP " @@ -536,7 +535,7 @@ "\"advanced-networking\"/> 。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:983 +#: book.translate.xml:999 msgid "" " has been expanded with new " "information about using BluetoothGetting " "Started, System Administration, and " @@ -606,7 +605,7 @@ "及 附錄。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1034 +#: book.translate.xml:1050 msgid "" " has been expanded to contain additional " "information about processes, daemons, and signals." @@ -614,14 +613,14 @@ " 新增了程序、Daemon 以及信號 (Signal) 的介紹。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1040 +#: book.translate.xml:1056 msgid "" " has been expanded to contain additional " "information about binary package management." msgstr " 新增了介紹如何管理 Binary 套件的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1046 +#: book.translate.xml:1062 msgid "" " has been completely rewritten with an emphasis on " "using modern desktop technologies such as KDE and " @@ -632,12 +631,12 @@ "GNOME。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1053 +#: book.translate.xml:1069 msgid " has been expanded." msgstr " 更新相關內容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1057 +#: book.translate.xml:1073 msgid "" " has been written from what used to be two separate " "chapters on Disks and Backups. We feel that " @@ -649,7 +648,7 @@ "體、軟體 RAID) 的段落也新增上去了。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1066 +#: book.translate.xml:1082 msgid "" " has been completely reorganized and updated " "for FreeBSD 4.X/5.X." @@ -658,18 +657,18 @@ "容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1071 +#: book.translate.xml:1087 msgid " has been substantially updated." msgstr " 有相當程度的更新。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1076 +#: book.translate.xml:1092 msgid "" "Many new sections have been added to ." msgstr " 加入許多新內容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1080 +#: book.translate.xml:1096 msgid "" " has been expanded to include more information about " "configuring sendmail." @@ -678,7 +677,7 @@ "的介紹。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1086 +#: book.translate.xml:1102 msgid "" " has been expanded to include information about " "installing Oracle 的介紹。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1093 +#: book.translate.xml:1109 msgid "The following new topics are covered in this second edition:" msgstr "此外，第二版還新加章節，以介紹下列新主題：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1098 +#: book.translate.xml:1114 msgid "." msgstr "。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1102 +#: book.translate.xml:1118 msgid "." msgstr "。" #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-overview -#: book.translate.xml:1108 +#: book.translate.xml:1124 msgid "Organization of This Book" msgstr "本書架構" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1110 +#: book.translate.xml:1126 msgid "" "This book is split into five logically distinct sections. The first section, " "Getting Started, covers the installation and basic " @@ -737,14 +736,14 @@ "則包括網路和各式伺服器主題；而第五部分則為附錄包含各種有關 FreeBSD 的資源。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1135 +#: book.translate.xml:1151 msgid "" "Introduces FreeBSD to a new user. It describes the history of the FreeBSD " "Project, its goals and development model." msgstr "向新手介紹 FreeBSD。該篇說明了 FreeBSD 計劃的歷史、目標和開發模式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1145 +#: book.translate.xml:1161 msgid "" "Walks a user through the entire installation process of FreeBSD 9." "x and later using bsdinstallx 及之後版本的完整安裝流程。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1155 +#: book.translate.xml:1171 msgid "" "Covers the basic commands and functionality of the FreeBSD operating system. " "If you are familiar with Linux " @@ -765,7 +764,7 @@ "\">Linux 或其他類 UNIX® 系統，您則可跳過此章。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1166 +#: book.translate.xml:1182 msgid "" "Covers the installation of third-party software with both FreeBSD's " "innovative Ports Collection and standard binary packages." @@ -774,7 +773,7 @@ "第三方軟體。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1176 +#: book.translate.xml:1192 msgid "" "Describes the X Window System in general and using X11 on FreeBSD in " "particular. Also describes common desktop environments such as " @@ -784,7 +783,7 @@ "KDE 與 GNOME。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1189 +#: book.translate.xml:1205 msgid "" "Lists some common desktop applications, such as web browsers and " "productivity suites, and describes how to install them on FreeBSD." @@ -793,7 +792,7 @@ "程式到 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1198 +#: book.translate.xml:1214 msgid "" "Shows how to set up sound and video playback support for your system. Also " "describes some sample audio and video applications." @@ -802,14 +801,14 @@ "用程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1208 +#: book.translate.xml:1224 msgid "" "Explains why you might need to configure a new kernel and provides detailed " "instructions for configuring, building, and installing a custom kernel." msgstr "說明為何需要設定新的核心並會提供設定、編譯與安裝的詳細操作說明。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1218 +#: book.translate.xml:1234 msgid "" "Describes managing printers on FreeBSD, including information about banner " "pages, printer accounting, and initial setup." @@ -817,7 +816,7 @@ "介紹如何在 FreeBSD 管理印表機，包含橫幅頁面、列印帳務以及初始設定等資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1228 +#: book.translate.xml:1244 msgid "" "Describes the Linux " "compatibility features of FreeBSD. Also provides detailed installation " @@ -833,7 +832,7 @@ "\"registered\">Mathematica。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1242 +#: book.translate.xml:1258 msgid "" "Describes the parameters available for system administrators to tune a " "FreeBSD system for optimum performance. Also describes the various " @@ -843,14 +842,14 @@ "FreeBSD 用到的各種設定檔以及到何處尋找這些設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1253 +#: book.translate.xml:1269 msgid "" "Describes the FreeBSD boot process and explains how to control this process " "with configuration options." msgstr "介紹 FreeBSD 開機流程並說明如何使用設定選項控制開機流程。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1262 +#: book.translate.xml:1278 msgid "" "Describes many different tools available to help keep your FreeBSD system " "secure, including Kerberos, IPsec and OpenSSH." @@ -859,7 +858,7 @@ "OpenSSH。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1272 +#: book.translate.xml:1288 msgid "" "Describes the jails framework, and the improvements of jails over the " "traditional chroot support of FreeBSD." @@ -867,7 +866,7 @@ "介紹 Jail Framework，以及 Jail 改進那些 FreeBSD 傳統 chroot 不足的地方。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1281 +#: book.translate.xml:1297 msgid "" "Explains what Mandatory Access Control (MAC) is and how this mechanism can " "be used to secure a FreeBSD system." @@ -876,7 +875,7 @@ "保 FreeBSD 系統的安全。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1291 +#: book.translate.xml:1307 msgid "" "Describes what FreeBSD Event Auditing is, how it can be installed, " "configured, and how audit trails can be inspected or monitored." @@ -884,7 +883,7 @@ "介紹什麼事 FreeBSD 事件稽查，如何安裝與設定，以及如何檢查與監控稽查線索。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1301 +#: book.translate.xml:1317 msgid "" "Describes how to manage storage media and filesystems with FreeBSD. This " "includes physical disks, RAID arrays, optical and tape media, memory-backed " @@ -894,7 +893,7 @@ "與磁帶媒體、記憶體為基礎的磁碟以及網路檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1312 +#: book.translate.xml:1328 msgid "" "Describes what the GEOM framework in FreeBSD is and how to configure various " "supported RAID levels." @@ -902,7 +901,7 @@ "介紹在 FreeBSD 中的 GEOM Framework 是什麼，以及如何設定各種支援的 RAID 階層。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1321 +#: book.translate.xml:1337 msgid "" "Examines support of non-native file systems in FreeBSD, like the Z File " "System from Sun." @@ -911,21 +910,21 @@ "案系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1330 +#: book.translate.xml:1346 msgid "" "Describes what virtualization systems offer, and how they can be used with " "FreeBSD." msgstr "介紹虛擬化系統提供了那些功能，以及如何在 FreeBSD 上使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1339 +#: book.translate.xml:1355 msgid "" "Describes how to use FreeBSD in languages other than English. Covers both " "system and application level localization." msgstr "介紹如何在 FreeBSD 使用非英文的語言，這涵蓋了系統及應用層的在地化。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1349 +#: book.translate.xml:1365 msgid "" "Explains the differences between FreeBSD-STABLE, FreeBSD-CURRENT, and " "FreeBSD releases. Describes which users would benefit from tracking a " @@ -937,7 +936,7 @@ "佈版本的方法。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1362 +#: book.translate.xml:1378 msgid "" "Describes how to configure and use the DTrace tool from Sun in FreeBSD. Dynamic tracing can help locate performance issues, " @@ -947,19 +946,19 @@ "追蹤可以透過執行真實時間系統分析來協助定位效能問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1375 +#: book.translate.xml:1391 msgid "" "Explains how to connect terminals and modems to your FreeBSD system for both " "dial in and dial out connections." msgstr "介紹如何使用撥入及撥出連線到您的 FreeBSD 系統的終端機與數據機。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1385 +#: book.translate.xml:1401 msgid "Describes how to use PPP to connect to remote systems with FreeBSD." msgstr "介紹如何在 FreeBSD 使用 PPP 來連線遠端的系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1394 +#: book.translate.xml:1410 msgid "" "Explains the different components of an email server and dives into simple " "configuration topics for the most popular mail server software: " @@ -969,7 +968,7 @@ "sendmail。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1405 +#: book.translate.xml:1421 msgid "" "Provides detailed instructions and example configuration files to set up " "your FreeBSD machine as a network filesystem server, domain name server, " @@ -979,7 +978,7 @@ "網域名稱伺服器、網路資訊系統伺服器或時間同步伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1416 +#: book.translate.xml:1432 msgid "" "Explains the philosophy behind software-based firewalls and provides " "detailed information about the configuration of the different firewalls " @@ -989,7 +988,7 @@ "細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1426 +#: book.translate.xml:1442 msgid "" "Describes many networking topics, including sharing an Internet connection " "with other computers on your LAN, advanced routing topics, wireless " @@ -1001,7 +1000,7 @@ "ATM、IPv6 以及更多相關主題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1439 +#: book.translate.xml:1455 msgid "" "Lists different sources for obtaining FreeBSD media on CDROM or DVD as well " "as different sites on the Internet that allow you to download and install " @@ -1011,7 +1010,7 @@ "您可以下載並安裝 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1449 +#: book.translate.xml:1465 msgid "" "This book touches on many different subjects that may leave you hungry for a " "more detailed explanation. The bibliography lists many excellent books that " @@ -1021,7 +1020,7 @@ "多優秀書籍。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1460 +#: book.translate.xml:1476 msgid "" "Describes the many forums available for FreeBSD users to post questions and " "engage in technical conversations about FreeBSD." @@ -1029,36 +1028,36 @@ "介紹了可讓 FreeBSD 使用者提出問題以及參與有關 FreeBSD 技術會談的許多論壇。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1470 +#: book.translate.xml:1486 msgid "Lists the PGP fingerprints of several FreeBSD Developers." msgstr "列出了數個 FreeBSD 開發人員的 PGP 指紋。" #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-conv -#: book.translate.xml:1476 +#: book.translate.xml:1492 msgid "Conventions used in this book" msgstr "本書的編排體裁" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1479 +#: book.translate.xml:1495 msgid "" "To provide a consistent and easy to read text, several conventions are " "followed throughout the book." -msgstr "為方便閱讀本書，以下是一些本書所遵循的編排體裁：" +msgstr "為了提供有一致性且易於閱讀的內容，以下是一些本書所遵循的編排體裁。" #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-conv-typographic -#: book.translate.xml:1482 +#: book.translate.xml:1498 msgid "Typographic Conventions" msgstr "文字編排體裁" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:1486 +#: book.translate.xml:1502 msgid "Italic" msgstr "斜體字" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1489 +#: book.translate.xml:1505 msgid "" "An italic font is used for filenames, URLs, emphasized " "text, and the first usage of technical terms." @@ -1067,12 +1066,12 @@ "次提及的技術詞彙。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:1496 +#: book.translate.xml:1512 msgid "Monospace" msgstr "等寬字" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1499 +#: book.translate.xml:1515 msgid "" "A monospaced font is used for error messages, commands, " "environment variables, names of ports, hostnames, user names, group names, " @@ -1082,24 +1081,24 @@ "稱、帳號、群組、裝置名稱、變數、程式碼等。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:1507 +#: book.translate.xml:1523 msgid "Bold" msgstr "粗體字" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1510 +#: book.translate.xml:1526 msgid "" "A bold font is used for applications, commands, and keys." msgstr "以粗體字表示：應用程式、指令、按鍵。" #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-conv-commands -#: book.translate.xml:1517 +#: book.translate.xml:1533 msgid "User Input" msgstr "使用者輸入" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1520 +#: book.translate.xml:1536 msgid "" "Keys are shown in bold to stand out from other text. Key " "combinations that are meant to be typed simultaneously are shown with " @@ -1109,14 +1108,14 @@ "按下一些按鍵，我們以 `+' 來表示連接，像是：" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1525 +#: book.translate.xml:1541 msgid "" " Ctrl Alt " "Del" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1531 +#: book.translate.xml:1547 msgid "" "Meaning the user should type the Ctrl, Alt, and Del keys at the same time." @@ -1125,14 +1124,14 @@ "keycap> 鍵。" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1535 +#: book.translate.xml:1551 msgid "" "Keys that are meant to be typed in sequence will be separated with commas, " "for example:" msgstr "若要逐一按鍵，那麼會以逗號 (,) 來表示，像是：" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1538 +#: book.translate.xml:1554 msgid "" " Ctrl X , Ctrl SCtrl and " "X keys simultaneously and then to type the CtrlC:\\> indicate a MS-DOS command. Unless otherwise noted, " @@ -1171,13 +1170,13 @@ "Prompt) 視窗內執行。" #. (itstool) path: preface/screen -#: book.translate.xml:1561 +#: book.translate.xml:1577 #, no-wrap msgid "E:\\> tools\\fdimage floppies\\kern.flp A:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1563 +#: book.translate.xml:1579 msgid "" "Examples starting with # indicate a command that must be " "invoked as the superuser in FreeBSD. You can login as 1 來取得超級使用者權限。" #. (itstool) path: preface/screen -#: book.translate.xml:1569 +#: book.translate.xml:1585 #, no-wrap msgid "# dd if=kern.flp of=/dev/fd0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1571 +#: book.translate.xml:1587 msgid "" "Examples starting with % indicate a command that should be " "invoked from a normal user account. Unless otherwise noted, C-shell syntax " @@ -1208,19 +1207,19 @@ "其他指令的意思。" #. (itstool) path: preface/screen -#: book.translate.xml:1576 +#: book.translate.xml:1592 #, no-wrap msgid "% top" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-acknowledgements -#: book.translate.xml:1578 +#: book.translate.xml:1594 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "銘謝" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1580 +#: book.translate.xml:1596 msgid "" "The book you are holding represents the efforts of many hundreds of people " "around the world. Whether they sent in fixes for typos, or submitted " @@ -1230,7 +1229,7 @@ "糾正一些錯誤或提交完整的章節，所有的點滴貢獻都是非常寶貴有用的。" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1585 +#: book.translate.xml:1601 msgid "" "Several companies have supported the development of this document by paying " "authors to work on it full-time, paying for publication, etc. In particular, " @@ -1256,43 +1255,43 @@ "手冊以使第三版印刷版本能夠出版的志工。" #. (itstool) path: part/title -#: book.translate.xml:1604 +#: book.translate.xml:1620 msgid "Getting Started" msgstr "入門" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:1607 +#: book.translate.xml:1623 msgid "" "This part of the handbook is for users and administrators who are new to " "FreeBSD. These chapters:" msgstr "這部份是提供給初次使用 FreeBSD 的使用者和系統管理者。 這些章節包括：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1612 +#: book.translate.xml:1628 msgid "Introduce FreeBSD." msgstr "介紹 FreeBSD 給您。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1616 +#: book.translate.xml:1632 msgid "Guide readers through the installation process." msgstr "在安裝過程給您指引。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1620 +#: book.translate.xml:1636 msgid "" "Teach UNIX basics and " "fundamentals." msgstr "教您 UNIX 的基礎及原理。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1624 +#: book.translate.xml:1640 msgid "" "Show how to install the wealth of third party applications available for " "FreeBSD." msgstr "展示給您看如何安裝豐富的 FreeBSD 的應用軟體。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1629 +#: book.translate.xml:1645 msgid "" "Introduce X, the UNIX windowing " "system, and detail how to configure a desktop environment that makes users " @@ -1302,7 +1301,7 @@ "細的桌面環境設定，讓您更有生產力。" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:1635 +#: book.translate.xml:1651 msgid "" "The number of forward references in the text have been kept to a minimum so " "that this section can be read from front to back with minimal page flipping." @@ -1313,12 +1312,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: info/title #. (itstool) path: sect1/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:1649 book.translate.xml:23626 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:1665 book.translate.xml:23731 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Introduction" msgstr "簡介" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:1652 book.translate.xml:2755 +#: book.translate.xml:1668 book.translate.xml:2774 msgid "" " Jim Mock Restructured, reorganized, and parts rewritten by FreeBSD comes from." msgstr "當然囉，還有 FreeBSD 這名字的由來。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:1699 +#: book.translate.xml:1715 msgid "Welcome to FreeBSD!" msgstr "歡迎使用 FreeBSD！" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1701 book.translate.xml:1792 +#: book.translate.xml:1717 book.translate.xml:1808 msgid "4.4BSD-Lite" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:1703 +#: book.translate.xml:1719 msgid "" "FreeBSD is an Open Source, standards-compliant Unix-like operating system " "for x86 (both 32 and 64 bit), ARMARM, AArch64, RISC-V, MIPS, POWER, " +"PowerPC 以及 Sun UltraSPARC 的電腦。它提供了現代作業系統所應" +"具備的所有功能，例如：先佔式多工、記憶體保護、虛擬記憶體、多使用者架構、對稱" +"多工處理 (SMP)、各種針對不同語言和框架的開源開發工具以及以 X Window 系統、" +"KDE 及 GNOME 為主的桌面功能，而它有以下優勢：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1716 +#: book.translate.xml:1732 msgid "" "Liberal Open Source license, which grants you rights to " "freely modify and extend its source code and incorporate it in both Open " @@ -1422,14 +1430,17 @@ "copyleft licenses, as well as avoiding potential license incompatibility " "problems." msgstr "" +"自由的開放原始碼授權，授予您自由修改和擴充其原始碼並將其" +"合併到開放原始碼專案或封閉的產品中的權力，不會對 Copyleft 授權施加典型的限" +"制，也避免了授權不相容的潛在問題。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1727 +#: book.translate.xml:1743 msgid "TCP/IP networking" msgstr "TCP/IP 網路" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1726 +#: book.translate.xml:1742 msgid "" "Strong TCP/IP networking <_:indexterm-1/> - FreeBSD " "implements industry standard protocols with ever increasing performance and " @@ -1437,33 +1448,42 @@ "firewalling roles - and indeed many companies and vendors use it precisely " "for that purpose." msgstr "" +"強大的 TCP/IP 網路 <_:indexterm-1/> - FreeBSD 以工業標準" +"實作通訊協定並不斷改善效能與擴展性，這使得 FreeBSD 非常適合應用在伺服器、路由" +"器/防火牆的角色 - 這也是許多公司和供應商使用它的原因。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1737 +#: book.translate.xml:1753 msgid "" "Fully integrated OpenZFS support, including root-on-" "ZFS, ZFS Boot Environments, fault management, administrative delegation, " "support for jails, FreeBSD specific documentation, and system installer " "support." msgstr "" +"完全整合 OpenZFS，包含 root-on-ZFS、ZFS 開機環境、故障管" +"理、委託管理、對 Jail 的支援、FreeBSD 專屬的文件以及系統安裝程式的支援。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1745 +#: book.translate.xml:1761 msgid "" "Extensive security features, from the Mandatory Access " "Control framework to Capsicum capability and sandbox mechanisms." msgstr "" +"鉅細靡遺的安全性功能，從強制存取控制 (Mandatory Access " +"Control, MAC) 框架到 Capsicum 功能以及沙盒機制。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1751 +#: book.translate.xml:1767 msgid "" "Over 30 thousand prebuilt packages for all supported " "architectures, and the Ports Collection which makes it easy to build your " "own, customized ones." msgstr "" +"超過 3 萬個預編的套件供所有支援的架構以及可簡單編譯依您" +"的需求所客製的 Port 套件集。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1758 +#: book.translate.xml:1774 msgid "" "Documentation - in addition to Handbook and books from " "different authors that cover topics ranging from system administration to " @@ -1472,9 +1492,14 @@ "userspace daemons, utilities, and configuration files, but also for kernel " "driver APIs (section 9) and individual drivers (section 4)." msgstr "" +"說明文件 - 除了操作手冊及由許多作者著作從系統管理到核心" +"內部主題的書籍外，也有不僅只針對 Userspace Daemon、工具及設定檔，同樣也有針對" +"核心驅動程式 APIs (第 9 節) 及各別驅動程式 (第 4 節) 的操作說明頁 " +"( man1 page)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1768 +#: book.translate.xml:1784 msgid "" "Simple and consistent repository structure and build system - FreeBSD uses a single repository for all of its components, both " @@ -1482,37 +1507,43 @@ "build system and a well thought out development process makes it easy to " "integrate FreeBSD with build infrastructure for your own product." msgstr "" +"簡單且具一致性的檔案庫架構與編譯系統 - FreeBSD 對所有的" +"元件、核心與 Userspace 使用單一的檔案庫，加上統一、易於客製的編譯系統以及嚴謹" +"的開發流程，讓 FreeBSD 的編譯基礎架構更容易與您產品的整合。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1778 +#: book.translate.xml:1794 msgid "" "Staying true to Unix philosophy, preferring " "composability instead of monolithic all in one daemons with " "hardcoded behavior." msgstr "" +"忠於 Unix 哲學，偏好可組合而非具寫死的 多合一 單一 Daemon。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1784 book.translate.xml:17887 +#: book.translate.xml:1800 book.translate.xml:17996 msgid "binary compatibility Linux" msgstr "Binary 相容性 Linux" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1784 +#: book.translate.xml:1800 msgid "" "<_:indexterm-1/> Binary compatibility with Linux, which " "makes it possible to run many Linux binaries without the need for " "virtualisation." msgstr "" +"<_:indexterm-1/> Linux 執行檔 (Binary) 相容性，無需虛擬" +"化即可執行許多 Linux 執行檔。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1795 +#: book.translate.xml:1811 msgid "Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG)" msgstr "電腦系統研究組 (CSRG)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:1792 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:1808 msgid "" "FreeBSD is based on the 4.4BSD-Lite<_:indexterm-1/> release from Computer " "Systems Research Group (CSRG)<_:indexterm-2/> at the University of " @@ -1524,21 +1555,19 @@ "reliability on par with other Open Source and commercial offerings, combined " "with cutting-edge features not available anywhere else." msgstr "" -"FreeBSD 系統乃是基於美國加州大學柏克萊分校的電腦系統研究組 (Computer Systems " -"Research Group 也就是 CSRG) 所發行的 4.4BSD-Lite<_:indexterm-1/>，以及基於 " -"BSD 系統開發的優良傳統。 除了由 CSRG 所提供的高品質的成果， 為了提供可處理真" -"正具負荷的工作， FreeBSD 計劃也投入了數千小時以上的細部調整， 以能獲得最好的" -"執行效率以及系統的穩定度。 正當許多商業上的巨人正努力地希望能提供效能及穩定" -"時，FreeBSD 已經具備這樣的特質，並具有其他地方沒有的尖端功能。" +"FreeBSD 系統是基於美國加州大學柏克萊分校的電腦系統研究組 (Computer Systems " +"Research Group 也就是 CSRG) 所發行的 4.4BSD-Lite<_:indexterm-1/>，繼承了 BSD " +"系統開發的優良傳統。 除了由 CSRG 所提供的高品質的成果外，FreeBSD 計劃也投入了" +"上千人時在擴充及微調，來讓系統在真實情境下能達到最大的效能與可靠性。 FreeBSD " +"提供了其他開源與商業產品的效能及穩定性，並結合其他產品所沒有的尖端功能。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:1809 +#: book.translate.xml:1825 msgid "What Can FreeBSD Do?" msgstr "FreeBSD 能做什麼？" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1811 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:1827 msgid "" "The applications to which FreeBSD can be put are truly limited only by your " "own imagination. From software development to factory automation, inventory " @@ -1549,15 +1578,14 @@ "applications developed by research centers and universities around the " "world, often available at little to no cost." msgstr "" -"FreeBSD 的運用範圍無限，其實完全限制在你的想像力上。 從軟體的開發到工廠自動" -"化，或是人造衛星上面的天線的方位角度的遠端控制； 這些功能若可以用商用的 " -"UNIX 產品來達成， 那麼極有可能使" -"用 FreeBSD 也能辦到！ FreeBSD 也受益於來自於全球各研究中心及大學所開發的數千" -"個高品質的軟體 ，這些通常只需要花費很少的費用或根本就是免費的。 當然也有商業" -"軟體，而且出現的數目是與日俱增。" +"FreeBSD 能應用的情境完全限制在你的想像力上。 從軟體開發到工廠自動化，庫存管控" +"到遠程衛星天線的方位角校正；若您的需求可以用商用的 UNIX 產品來達成，那麼極有可能使用 FreeBSD 也能辦" +"到！ FreeBSD 也受益於來自於全球各研究中心及大學所開發的數千個高品質的軟體 ，" +"這些通常只需要花費很少的費用或根本就是免費的。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1821 +#: book.translate.xml:1837 msgid "" "Because the source code for FreeBSD itself is generally available, the " "system can also be customized to an almost unheard of degree for special " @@ -1570,7 +1598,7 @@ "地被修改。 以下提供一些人們使用 FreeBSD 的例子：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1831 +#: book.translate.xml:1847 msgid "" "Internet Services: The robust TCP/IP networking built " "into FreeBSD makes it an ideal platform for a variety of Internet services " @@ -1580,71 +1608,69 @@ "務 (如下例) 的理想平台：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1838 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:1854 msgid "Web servers" -msgstr "X 伺服器 (X Server)" +msgstr "網頁伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1842 +#: book.translate.xml:1858 msgid "IPv4 and IPv6 routing" msgstr "IPv4 及 IPv6 路由" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: chapter/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1846 book.translate.xml:56966 +#: book.translate.xml:1862 book.translate.xml:57493 msgid "firewall" msgstr "防火牆" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1849 book.translate.xml:60132 +#: book.translate.xml:1865 book.translate.xml:60841 msgid "NAT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1846 +#: book.translate.xml:1862 msgid "" "Firewalls<_:indexterm-1/> and NAT<_:indexterm-2/> (IP masquerading) gateways" msgstr "" "防火牆<_:indexterm-1/>以及 NAT<_:indexterm-2/> (IP 偽裝) 通訊" -"閘。" +"閘" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1856 +#: book.translate.xml:1872 msgid "FTP servers" msgstr "FTP 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1856 +#: book.translate.xml:1872 msgid "FTP servers<_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "檔案傳輸協定伺服器<_:indexterm-1/>" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1863 +#: book.translate.xml:1879 msgid "electronic mail email" msgstr "電子郵件 email" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1867 book.translate.xml:50565 +#: book.translate.xml:1883 book.translate.xml:50805 msgid "email" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1862 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:1878 msgid "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> Email servers" -msgstr "<_:indexterm-1/><_:indexterm-2/> 電子郵件伺服器" +msgstr "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> 電子郵件伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1874 +#: book.translate.xml:1890 msgid "And more..." msgstr "還有更多..." #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1880 +#: book.translate.xml:1896 msgid "" "Education: Are you a student of computer science or a " "related engineering field? There is no better way of learning about " @@ -1654,13 +1680,13 @@ "useful to those whose primary interest in a computer is to get " "other work done!" msgstr "" -"教育：若您是資工相關領域的學生，再也沒有比使用 FreeBSD " -"能學到更多作業系統、計算機結構、及網路的方法了。 另外如果你想利用電腦來處理一" -"些其他的工作，還有一些如 CAD、 數學運算以及圖形處理軟體" -"等可以免費地取得使用。" +"教育：您是電腦科學相關領域的學生嗎？再也沒有比使用 " +"FreeBSD 能學到更多作業系統、計算機結構、及網路的方法了。其中許多免費提供的 " +"CAD，數學和圖形設計套件對於那些需要在電腦完成 其他 工作" +"的人也非常有用！" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1892 +#: book.translate.xml:1908 msgid "" "Research: With source code for the entire system " "available, FreeBSD is an excellent platform for research in operating " @@ -1675,17 +1701,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1904 book.translate.xml:61015 +#: book.translate.xml:1920 book.translate.xml:62049 msgid "router" msgstr "路由器" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1906 +#: book.translate.xml:1922 msgid "DNS Server" msgstr "DNS 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1903 +#: book.translate.xml:1919 msgid "" "Networking: Need a new router?<_:indexterm-1/> A name " "server (DNS)?<_:indexterm-2/> A firewall to keep people out of your internal " @@ -1697,12 +1723,12 @@ "或 486 PC 變身成為絕佳的伺服器，甚至具有過濾封包的功能。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1917 +#: book.translate.xml:1933 msgid "embedded" msgstr "嵌入式" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1915 +#: book.translate.xml:1931 msgid "" "Embedded: FreeBSD makes an excellent platform to build " "embedded systems upon. <_:indexterm-1/> With support for the X Window System" msgstr "X Window 系統" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1933 book.translate.xml:11984 +#: book.translate.xml:1949 book.translate.xml:12043 msgid "GNOME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1936 book.translate.xml:12069 +#: book.translate.xml:1952 book.translate.xml:12128 msgid "KDE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1929 +#: book.translate.xml:1945 msgid "" "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> <_:indexterm-3/> Desktop: FreeBSD makes a fine choice for an inexpensive desktop solution " @@ -1758,12 +1784,12 @@ "於管理。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1955 +#: book.translate.xml:1971 msgid "Compiler" msgstr "編譯器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1952 +#: book.translate.xml:1968 msgid "" "Software Development: The basic FreeBSD system comes " "with a full complement of development tools including a full C/C++<_:" @@ -1775,7 +1801,7 @@ "援需多其他語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1964 +#: book.translate.xml:1980 msgid "" "FreeBSD is available to download free of charge, or can be obtained on " "either CD-ROM or DVD. Please see for more " @@ -1785,19 +1811,19 @@ "linkend=\"mirrors\"/> 取得 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:1971 +#: book.translate.xml:1987 msgid "Who Uses FreeBSD?" msgstr "誰在用 FreeBSD？" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1973 +#: book.translate.xml:1989 msgid "" "users large sites running FreeBSD" msgstr "" "使用者 執行 FreeBSD 的大型站台" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1978 +#: book.translate.xml:1994 msgid "" "FreeBSD has been known for its web serving capabilities - sites that run on " "FreeBSD include Hacker " @@ -1809,9 +1835,18 @@ "\">Rambler, Yahoo!, " "and Yandex." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 以其網頁 (Web) 服務功能而聞名 - 在 FreeBSD 上運作的網站包括 Hacker News, Netcraft, NetEase, Netflix, Sina, Sony Japan, Rambler, Yahoo! 及 Yandex。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1991 +#: book.translate.xml:2007 msgid "" "FreeBSD's advanced features, proven security, predictable release cycle, and " "permissive license have led to its use as a platform for building many " @@ -1824,12 +1859,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2001 book.translate.xml:55647 +#: book.translate.xml:2017 book.translate.xml:56075 msgid "Apache" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2000 +#: book.translate.xml:2016 msgid "" "Apache <_:indexterm-1/> - " "The Apache Software Foundation runs most of its public facing " @@ -1841,12 +1876,12 @@ "庫 (擁有超過 140 萬次提交) 都是在 FreeBSD 上運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2011 +#: book.translate.xml:2027 msgid "Apple" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2010 +#: book.translate.xml:2026 msgid "" "Apple <_:indexterm-1/> - " "OS X borrows heavily from FreeBSD for the network stack, virtual file " @@ -1858,12 +1893,12 @@ "Apple iOS 中含有從 FreeBSD 借鑒來的元素。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2021 +#: book.translate.xml:2037 msgid "Cisco" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2020 +#: book.translate.xml:2036 msgid "" "Cisco <_:indexterm-1/> - " "IronPort network security and anti-spam appliances run a modified FreeBSD " @@ -1873,12 +1908,12 @@ "IronPort 網路安全及反垃圾郵件設備是採用改良後 FreeBSD 核心來運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2029 +#: book.translate.xml:2045 msgid "Citrix" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2028 +#: book.translate.xml:2044 msgid "" "Citrix <_:indexterm-1/> - " "The NetScaler line of security appliances provide layer 4-7 load balancing, " @@ -1890,13 +1925,12 @@ "牆、安全的 VPN 以及行動雲端網路存取，皆運用了 FreeBSD Shell 強大的功能。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2039 +#: book.translate.xml:2055 msgid "Isilon" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2038 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:2054 msgid "" "Dell EMC Isilon <_:" "indexterm-1/> - Isilon's enterprise storage appliances are based on FreeBSD. " @@ -1904,34 +1938,35 @@ "intellectual property throughout the kernel and focus on building their " "product instead of an operating system." msgstr "" -"Isilon <_:indexterm-1/> - " -"Isilon 的企業存儲設備以 FreeBSD 為基礎。非常自由的 FreeBSD 授權條款讓 Isilon " -"整合了它們的智慧財產到整個核心，並專注打造自己的產品，而不是一個作業系統。" +"Dell EMC Isilon <_:" +"indexterm-1/> - Isilon 的企業存儲設備是以 FreeBSD 為基礎。非常自由的 FreeBSD " +"授權條款讓 Isilon 整合了它們的智慧財產到整個核心，並專注打造自己的產品，而不" +"是一個作業系統。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2051 -msgid "Dell KACE" -msgstr "" +#: book.translate.xml:2067 +msgid "Quest KACE" +msgstr "Quest KACE" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2049 +#: book.translate.xml:2065 msgid "" -"Dell KACE <_:" +"Quest KACE <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The KACE system management appliances run FreeBSD because of " "its reliability, scalability, and the community that supports its continued " "development." msgstr "" -"Dell KACE <_:" -"indexterm-1/> - KACE 系統管理設備中運作了 FreeBSD，因為 FreeBSD 的可靠性、可" -"擴展性以及支持其持續發展的社群。" +"Quest KACE <_:" +"indexterm-1/> - KACE 系統管理設備中運作了 FreeBSD，是因為 FreeBSD 的可靠性、" +"可擴展性以及支持其持續發展的社群。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2060 +#: book.translate.xml:2076 msgid "iXsystems" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2059 +#: book.translate.xml:2075 msgid "" "iXsystems <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The TrueNAS line of unified storage appliances is based on " @@ -1944,12 +1979,12 @@ "開源計劃的開發。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2070 +#: book.translate.xml:2086 msgid "Juniper" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2069 +#: book.translate.xml:2085 msgid "" "Juniper <_:indexterm-1/> " "- The JunOS operating system that powers all Juniper networking gear " @@ -1967,12 +2002,12 @@ "功能從 FreeBSD 整合回 JunOS 的複雜性。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2085 +#: book.translate.xml:2101 msgid "McAfee" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2084 +#: book.translate.xml:2100 msgid "" "McAfee <_:indexterm-1/> - " "SecurOS, the basis of McAfee enterprise firewall products including " @@ -1983,12 +2018,12 @@ "FreeBSD 為基礎。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2094 +#: book.translate.xml:2110 msgid "NetApp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2093 +#: book.translate.xml:2109 msgid "" "NetApp <_:indexterm-1/> - " "The Data ONTAP GX line of storage appliances are based on FreeBSD. In " @@ -2000,12 +2035,12 @@ "了回 FreeBSD 許多功能，包括新 BSD 條款授權的 hypervisor, bhyve。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2104 +#: book.translate.xml:2120 msgid "Netflix" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2103 +#: book.translate.xml:2119 msgid "" "Netflix <_:indexterm-1/> " "- The OpenConnect appliance that Netflix uses to stream movies to its " @@ -2020,12 +2055,12 @@ "Netflix 的 OpenConnect 設備負責了北美所有的網路流量 32％ 以上。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2117 +#: book.translate.xml:2133 msgid "Sandvine" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2116 +#: book.translate.xml:2132 msgid "" "Sandvine <_:indexterm-1/" "> - Sandvine uses FreeBSD as the basis of their high performance real-time " @@ -2037,12 +2072,12 @@ "慧網路策略控制產品。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2127 +#: book.translate.xml:2143 msgid "Sony" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2126 +#: book.translate.xml:2142 msgid "" "Sony <_:indexterm-1/> - The " "PlayStation 4 gaming console runs a modified version of FreeBSD." @@ -2051,12 +2086,12 @@ "PlayStation 4 遊戲主機使用了修改過的 FreeBSD 版本來運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2135 +#: book.translate.xml:2151 msgid "Sophos" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2134 +#: book.translate.xml:2150 msgid "" "Sophos <_:indexterm-1/> - " "The Sophos Email Appliance product is based on a hardened FreeBSD and scans " @@ -2068,12 +2103,12 @@ "郵件中的垃圾郵件和病毒，同時也可監控出站郵件中的惡意軟體及敏感資訊。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2147 +#: book.translate.xml:2163 msgid "Spectra Logic" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2145 +#: book.translate.xml:2161 msgid "" "Spectra Logic <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The nTier line of archive grade storage appliances run " @@ -2083,12 +2118,12 @@ "indexterm-1/> - 儲藏級儲存設備的 nTier 產品線以 FreeBSD 和 OpenZFS 來運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2155 +#: book.translate.xml:2171 msgid "Stormshield" msgstr "Stormshield" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2154 +#: book.translate.xml:2170 msgid "" "Stormshield <_:" "indexterm-1/> - Stormshield Network Security appliances are based on a " @@ -2101,12 +2136,12 @@ "BSD 授權條款讓他們可將其智慧財產與系統整合並同時回饋大量有趣的發展給社群。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2168 +#: book.translate.xml:2184 msgid "The Weather Channel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2166 +#: book.translate.xml:2182 msgid "" "The Weather Channel <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The IntelliStar appliance that is installed at each local " @@ -2118,12 +2153,12 @@ "視網路節目的 IntelliStar 設備便是使用 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2179 +#: book.translate.xml:2195 msgid "Verisign" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2178 +#: book.translate.xml:2194 msgid "" "Verisign <_:indexterm-1/" "> - Verisign is responsible for operating the .com and .net root domain " @@ -2137,12 +2172,12 @@ "點故障的問題。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2192 +#: book.translate.xml:2208 msgid "Voxer" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2191 +#: book.translate.xml:2207 msgid "" "Voxer <_:indexterm-1/> - " "Voxer powers their mobile voice messaging platform with ZFS on FreeBSD. " @@ -2158,12 +2193,12 @@ "的 ZFS 也支援了 TRIM。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2206 +#: book.translate.xml:2222 msgid "WhatsApp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2205 +#: book.translate.xml:2221 msgid "" "WhatsApp <_:indexterm-1/" "> - When WhatsApp needed a platform that would be able to handle more than 1 " @@ -2175,12 +2210,12 @@ "台時，它們選擇了 FreeBSD。它們接著擴大規模到每台伺服器處理超過 250 萬的連線。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2218 +#: book.translate.xml:2234 msgid "Wheel Systems" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2216 +#: book.translate.xml:2232 msgid "" "Wheel Systems <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The FUDO security appliance allows enterprises to monitor, " @@ -2194,17 +2229,17 @@ "GELI, Capsicum, HAST 及 auditdistd。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2230 +#: book.translate.xml:2246 msgid "FreeBSD has also spawned a number of related open source projects:" msgstr "FreeBSD 也催生了數個相關的開源計劃：" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2237 +#: book.translate.xml:2253 msgid "BSD Router" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2235 +#: book.translate.xml:2251 msgid "" "BSD Router <_:indexterm-1/> - " "A FreeBSD based replacement for large enterprise routers designed to run on " @@ -2214,12 +2249,12 @@ "以 FreeBSD 為基礎的大型企業路由器替代方案，專門設計為可在標準 PC 硬體上運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2246 +#: book.translate.xml:2262 msgid "FreeNAS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2245 +#: book.translate.xml:2261 msgid "" "FreeNAS <_:indexterm-1/> " "- A customized FreeBSD designed to be used as a network file server " @@ -2234,12 +2269,12 @@ "iSCSI，還有以 FreeBSD Jail 為基礎的套件系統。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2258 +#: book.translate.xml:2274 msgid "GhostBSD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2257 +#: book.translate.xml:2273 msgid "" "GhostBSD <_:indexterm-1/" "> - A desktop oriented distribution of FreeBSD bundled with the Gnome " @@ -2249,12 +2284,12 @@ "> - 採用 Gnome 桌面環境的 FreeBSD 發行版。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2266 +#: book.translate.xml:2282 msgid "mfsBSD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2265 +#: book.translate.xml:2281 msgid "" "mfsBSD <_:indexterm-1/> - A " "toolkit for building a FreeBSD system image that runs entirely from memory." @@ -2263,12 +2298,12 @@ "來建置可完全從記憶體執行 FreeBSD 系統映像檔工具。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2274 +#: book.translate.xml:2290 msgid "NAS4Free" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2273 +#: book.translate.xml:2289 msgid "" "NAS4Free <_:indexterm-1/" "> - A file server distribution based on FreeBSD with a PHP powered web " @@ -2278,12 +2313,12 @@ "> - 以 FreeBSD 及 PHP 驅動網頁介面為基礎的檔案伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2282 +#: book.translate.xml:2298 msgid "OPNsense" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2281 +#: book.translate.xml:2297 msgid "" "OPNSense <_:indexterm-1/" "> - OPNsense is an open source, easy-to-use and easy-to-build FreeBSD based " @@ -2298,12 +2333,12 @@ "功能集，同時擁有開放和安全的來源。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2294 +#: book.translate.xml:2310 msgid "TrueOS" msgstr "TrueOS" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2293 +#: book.translate.xml:2309 msgid "" "TrueOS <_:indexterm-1/> - " "A customized version of FreeBSD geared towards desktop users with graphical " @@ -2315,12 +2350,12 @@ "能給所有使用者，專門設計來緩解使用者在 Windows 與 OS X 間的過渡。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2304 +#: book.translate.xml:2320 msgid "pfSense" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2303 +#: book.translate.xml:2319 msgid "" "pfSense <_:indexterm-1/> " "- A firewall distribution based on FreeBSD with a huge array of features and " @@ -2330,12 +2365,12 @@ "- 以 FreeBSD 為基礎的防火牆發行版，支援巨型陣列及大規模 IPv6。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2313 +#: book.translate.xml:2329 msgid "ZRouter" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2312 +#: book.translate.xml:2328 msgid "" "ZRouter <_:indexterm-1/> - " "An open source alternative firmware for embedded devices based on FreeBSD. " @@ -2346,22 +2381,27 @@ "用韌體。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2321 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:2337 msgid "" +"A list of testimonials from companies basing their products and " +"services on FreeBSD can be found at the FreeBSD Foundation website. " "Wikipedia also maintains a list of products based on FreeBSD." msgstr "" -"還有許多的應用。維基百科也維護了一份 以 FreeBSD 為基礎的產品。" +"在 FreeBSD 基金會網站上可以找到以 FreeBSD 為基礎的產品與服務的公" +"司的推薦 清單。 Wikipedia 也維護了一份以 FreeBSD 為基礎的產" +"品清單。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:2328 +#: book.translate.xml:2347 msgid "About the FreeBSD Project" msgstr "關於 FreeBSD 計劃" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2330 +#: book.translate.xml:2349 msgid "" "The following section provides some background information on the project, " "including a brief history, project goals, and the development model of the " @@ -2369,37 +2409,37 @@ msgstr "接下來講的是 FreeBSD 計劃的背景，包含歷史、計劃目標以及開發模式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:2335 +#: book.translate.xml:2354 msgid "A Brief History of FreeBSD" msgstr "FreeBSD 歷史簡介" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2337 +#: book.translate.xml:2356 msgid "386BSD Patchkit" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2338 +#: book.translate.xml:2357 msgid "Hubbard, Jordan" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2339 +#: book.translate.xml:2358 msgid "Williams, Nate" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2340 +#: book.translate.xml:2359 msgid "Grimes, Rod" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2341 +#: book.translate.xml:2360 msgid "FreeBSD Project history" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2346 +#: book.translate.xml:2365 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Project had its genesis in the early part of 1993, partially as " "an outgrowth of the Unofficial 386BSDPatchkit by the patchkit's last 3 " @@ -2409,12 +2449,12 @@ "劃的最後三個協調人 Nate Williams，Rod Grimes 和 Jordan Hubbard。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2351 book.translate.xml:2391 +#: book.translate.xml:2370 book.translate.xml:2410 msgid "386BSD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2352 +#: book.translate.xml:2371 msgid "" "The original goal was to produce an intermediate snapshot of 386BSD in order " "to fix a number of problems with it that the patchkit mechanism just was not " @@ -2426,12 +2466,12 @@ "386BSD Interim 便是這個原因。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2358 +#: book.translate.xml:2377 msgid "Jolitz, Bill" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2359 +#: book.translate.xml:2378 msgid "" "386BSD was Bill Jolitz's operating system, which had been up to that point " "suffering rather severely from almost a year's worth of neglect. As the " @@ -2447,17 +2487,17 @@ "出未來的打算，所以該計劃便突然面臨中止。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2369 +#: book.translate.xml:2388 msgid "Greenman, David" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2370 +#: book.translate.xml:2389 msgid "Walnut Creek CDROM" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2372 +#: book.translate.xml:2391 msgid "" "The trio thought that the goal remained worthwhile, even without Bill's " "support, and so they adopted the name \"FreeBSD\" coined by David Greenman. " @@ -2482,27 +2522,27 @@ "模。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2388 +#: book.translate.xml:2407 msgid "4.3BSD-Lite" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2389 book.translate.xml:2404 +#: book.translate.xml:2408 book.translate.xml:2423 msgid "Net/2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2390 book.translate.xml:2403 +#: book.translate.xml:2409 book.translate.xml:2422 msgid "U.C. Berkeley" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2392 book.translate.xml:8793 +#: book.translate.xml:2411 book.translate.xml:8809 msgid "Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2394 +#: book.translate.xml:2413 msgid "" "The first CD-ROM (and general net-wide) distribution was FreeBSD 1.0, " "released in December of 1993. This was based on the 4.3BSD-Lite " @@ -2517,17 +2557,17 @@ "還算成功，我們又接著於 1994 年 5 月發行了相當成功的 FreeBSD 1.1。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2402 +#: book.translate.xml:2421 msgid "Novell" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2405 +#: book.translate.xml:2424 msgid "AT&T" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2406 +#: book.translate.xml:2425 msgid "" "Around this time, some rather unexpected storm clouds formed on the horizon " "as Novell and U.C. Berkeley settled their long-running lawsuit over the " @@ -2552,7 +2592,7 @@ "最後一次發行，也就是 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2423 +#: book.translate.xml:2442 msgid "" "FreeBSD then set about the arduous task of literally re-inventing itself " "from a completely new and rather incomplete set of 4.4BSD-Lite bits. The " @@ -2574,7 +2614,7 @@ "之於 1995 年 6 月又發行了更容易安裝，更好的 FreeBSD 2.0.5。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2437 +#: book.translate.xml:2456 msgid "" "Since that time, FreeBSD has made a series of releases each time improving " "the stability, speed, and feature set of the previous version." @@ -2583,7 +2623,7 @@ "的發佈版本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2441 +#: book.translate.xml:2460 msgid "" "For now, long-term development projects continue to take place in the 10.X-" "CURRENT (trunk) branch, and snapshot releases of 10.X are continually made " @@ -2595,24 +2635,24 @@ "snapshots/\">快照伺服器 取得。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:2449 +#: book.translate.xml:2468 msgid "FreeBSD Project Goals" msgstr "FreeBSD 計劃目標" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2452 +#: book.translate.xml:2471 msgid "" " Jordan Hubbard Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2462 +#: book.translate.xml:2481 msgid "FreeBSD Project goals" msgstr "FreeBSD 計劃 目標" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2466 +#: book.translate.xml:2485 msgid "" "The goals of the FreeBSD Project are to provide software that may be used " "for any purpose and without strings attached. Many of us have a significant " @@ -2632,22 +2672,22 @@ "是我們所倡導的一個目標。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2478 +#: book.translate.xml:2497 msgid "GNU General Public License (GPL)" msgstr "GNU 通用公共授權條款 (GPL)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2481 +#: book.translate.xml:2500 msgid "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)" msgstr "GNU 較寬鬆通用公共授權條款 (LGPL)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2484 +#: book.translate.xml:2503 msgid "BSD Copyright" msgstr "BSD 版權" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2485 +#: book.translate.xml:2504 msgid "" "That code in our source tree which falls under the GNU General Public " "License (GPL) or Library General Public License (LGPL) comes with slightly " @@ -2663,25 +2703,25 @@ "果可以選擇的話， 我們會比較喜歡使用限制相對更寬鬆的 BSD 版權來發佈軟體。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:2497 +#: book.translate.xml:2516 msgid "The FreeBSD Development Model" msgstr "FreeBSD 開發模式" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2500 +#: book.translate.xml:2519 msgid "" " Satoshi Asami Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2510 +#: book.translate.xml:2529 msgid "" "FreeBSD Project development model" msgstr "FreeBSD 專案 開發模式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2515 +#: book.translate.xml:2534 msgid "" "The development of FreeBSD is a very open and flexible process, being " "literally built from the contributions of thousands of people around the " @@ -2708,52 +2748,52 @@ "link> 對那些希望了解我們進度的人也是相當有用的。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2528 +#: book.translate.xml:2547 msgid "" "Useful things to know about the FreeBSD Project and its development process, " "whether working independently or in close cooperation:" msgstr "" "無論是單獨開發者或者封閉式的團隊合作，多瞭解 FreeBSD 計劃和它的開發過程會是不" -"錯的︰" +"錯的：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2534 +#: book.translate.xml:2553 msgid "The SVN repositories" msgstr "SVN 檔案庫" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2538 +#: book.translate.xml:2557 msgid "CVS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2542 +#: book.translate.xml:2561 msgid "CVS Repository" msgstr "CVS 檔案庫" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2546 +#: book.translate.xml:2565 msgid "Concurrent Versions System CVS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2551 book.translate.xml:45362 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:2570 book.translate.xml:45602 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Subversion" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2555 +#: book.translate.xml:2574 msgid "Subversion Repository" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2559 +#: book.translate.xml:2578 msgid "SVN Subversion" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2537 +#: book.translate.xml:2556 msgid "" "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> <_:indexterm-3/> <_:indexterm-4/> <_:" "indexterm-5/> <_:indexterm-6/> For several years, the central source tree " @@ -2786,17 +2826,17 @@ "\"ports-using\">使用 Port 套件集 了解如何取得 FreeBSD Port 套件集。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2586 +#: book.translate.xml:2605 msgid "The committers list" msgstr "提交者名單" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2590 +#: book.translate.xml:2609 msgid "committers" msgstr "提交者" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2589 +#: book.translate.xml:2608 msgid "" "The committers <_:indexterm-1/> are the people who " "have write access to the Subversion tree, and are " @@ -2817,18 +2857,17 @@ "誤 (Bug)。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2606 +#: book.translate.xml:2625 msgid "The FreeBSD core team" msgstr "FreeBSD 核心團隊" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2610 +#: book.translate.xml:2629 msgid "core team" msgstr "核心團隊" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2609 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:2628 msgid "" "The FreeBSD core team <_:indexterm-1/> would be " "equivalent to the board of directors if the FreeBSD Project were a company. " @@ -2840,13 +2879,14 @@ "committer candidates in July 2018. Elections are held every 2 years." msgstr "" "如果把 FreeBSD 看成是一家公司的話， FreeBSD 核心團隊 (FreeBSD " -"core team)<_:indexterm-1/> 就相當於董事會。 核心團隊的主要職責在" -"於確保此計劃有良好的架構，以朝著正確的方向發展。 此外，邀請熱血且負責的軟體開" -"發者加入提交者的行列， 以在若干成員離去時得以補充新血。 目前的核心團隊是在 " -"2014 年 7 月從提交者候選人之中選出來的，這個選舉每兩年會舉辦一次。" +"core team)<_:indexterm-1/> 就相當於公司的董事會。 核心團隊的主要" +"職責在於確保此計劃的整體有良好的架構，以朝著正確的方向發展。 此外，邀請敬業且" +"負責的開發者加入提交者的行列也是核心團隊的職責之一，隨著其他新成員的加入也招" +"募新的核心團隊成員。 目前的核心團隊是在 2018 年 7 月從提交者候選人之中選出來" +"的，這個選舉每兩年會舉辦一次。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:2625 +#: book.translate.xml:2644 msgid "" "Like most developers, most members of the core team are also volunteers when " "it comes to FreeBSD development and do not benefit from the project " @@ -2863,12 +2903,12 @@ "而選擇投入 FreeBSD 開發的熱血有為者才對！" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2640 +#: book.translate.xml:2659 msgid "Outside contributors" msgstr "非官方貢獻者" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2643 +#: book.translate.xml:2662 msgid "" "Last, but definitely not least, the largest group of developers are the " "users themselves who provide feedback and bug fixes to us on an almost " @@ -2886,12 +2926,12 @@ "linkend=\"eresources\"/> 以瞭解各式不同的 FreeBSD 郵遞論壇。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2654 +#: book.translate.xml:2673 msgid "contributors" msgstr "貢獻者" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2652 +#: book.translate.xml:2671 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Contributors List " @@ -2904,7 +2944,7 @@ "貢獻 FreeBSD 一些回饋呢？" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2659 +#: book.translate.xml:2678 msgid "" "Providing code is not the only way of contributing to the project; for a " "more complete list of things that need doing, please refer to the FreeBSD 計畫網站。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2667 +#: book.translate.xml:2686 msgid "" "In summary, our development model is organized as a loose set of concentric " "circles. The centralized model is designed for the convenience of the " @@ -2931,7 +2971,7 @@ "用 — 而這個開發模式對我們要完成這個目標來說運作的非常好。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2677 +#: book.translate.xml:2696 msgid "" "All we ask of those who would join us as FreeBSD developers is some of the " "same dedication its current people have to its continued success!" @@ -2940,12 +2980,12 @@ "保繼續成功！" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:2683 +#: book.translate.xml:2702 msgid "Third Party Programs" msgstr "第三方程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2685 +#: book.translate.xml:2704 msgid "" "In addition to the base distributions, FreeBSD offers a ported software " "collection with thousands of commonly sought-after programs. At the time of " @@ -2973,13 +3013,12 @@ "更多有關套件與 Port 的資訊可於 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:2706 +#: book.translate.xml:2725 msgid "Additional Documentation" msgstr "其他文件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2708 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:2727 msgid "" "All supported FreeBSD versions provide an option in the installer to install " "additional documentation under /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd. You may view the locally installed manuals " "with any HTML capable browser using the following URLs:" msgstr "" -"所有最近的 FreeBSD 版本在安裝程式 (不是 " -"sysinstall8 就是 bsdinstall8) 都有提供一個選項在初始" -"系統安裝時可安裝額外的說明文件到 /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd。說明文件也可在往後使用套件安裝，詳細說明於 。您可以使用任何支援 HTML 的瀏覽器進入下列 URL 檢視" -"已安裝在本機的操作手冊：" +"所有支援的 FreeBSD 版本都會在安裝程式中提供一個選項，讓您可以在初始化系統安裝" +"的階段安裝額外的說明文件到 /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd。說明文件也可在往後隨時使用套件安裝，詳細說明於 。您也可以使用任何支援 HTML 的瀏覽器進入下列 " +"URL 檢視已安裝在本機的手冊：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2720 +#: book.translate.xml:2739 msgid "The FreeBSD Handbook" msgstr "FreeBSD 使用手冊" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2723 +#: book.translate.xml:2742 msgid "" "/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/handbook/index.html/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/faq/index.htmlhttps://www.FreeBSD.org/." @@ -3033,45 +3069,45 @@ "\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/\">https://www.FreeBSD.org/。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:2752 +#: book.translate.xml:2771 msgid "Installing FreeBSD" msgstr "安裝 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2780 +#: book.translate.xml:2799 msgid "" " Gavin Atkinson Updated for bsdinstall by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2789 +#: book.translate.xml:2808 msgid "" " Warren Block " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2798 +#: book.translate.xml:2817 msgid "" " Allan Jude Updated for root-on-ZFS by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2812 +#: book.translate.xml:2831 msgid "installation" msgstr "安裝" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2814 +#: book.translate.xml:2833 msgid "" "There are several different ways of getting FreeBSD to run, depending on the " "environment. Those are:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "有多種不同的方法可以執行 FreeBSD，根據所在環境，包含：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2819 +#: book.translate.xml:2838 msgid "" "Virtual Machine images, to download and import on a virtual environment of " "choice. These can be downloaded from the already installed) instances, ready to run and perform post-" "installation tasks." msgstr "" +"一般虛擬機映像檔，可下載並匯入到您所選擇的虛擬環境。映像檔可從 Download FreeBSD 頁面下" +"載，KVM (qcow2), VMWare (vmdk), Hyper-V " +"(vhd) 及原始裝置的映像檔都支援。這些並非安裝程式的映像檔，而是" +"已經預先設定好 (已安裝好) 的實例，可直接使用並執行安裝後的作" +"業。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2832 +#: book.translate.xml:2851 msgid "" "Virtual Machine images available at Amazon's AWS Marketplace, Azure Documentation." msgstr "" +"託管服務虛擬機映像檔，可在 Amazon 的 AWS Marketplace, Microsoft Azure Marketplace 和 Google Cloud Platform 等託管服務上運行的虛擬機映像檔。有" +"關如何在 Azure 上部署 FreeBSD 的資訊可查詢 Azure 說明文件中的相關章節。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2842 +#: book.translate.xml:2861 msgid "" "SD card images, for embedded systems such as Raspberry Pi or BeagleBone " "Black. These can be downloaded from the Download " +"FreeBSD 頁面下載，這些檔案必須先解壓縮後以原始映像檔的格式寫入 SD 卡以" +"讓這些開發電路板能夠啟動。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2851 +#: book.translate.xml:2870 msgid "" "Installation images, to install FreeBSD on a hard drive for the usual " "desktop, laptop, or server systems." msgstr "" +"安裝程式映像檔，用來安裝 FreeBSD 到硬碟，供一般的桌機、筆電或伺服器系統使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2857 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:2876 msgid "" "The rest of this chapter describes the fourth case, explaining how to " "install FreeBSD using the text-based installation program named " "bsdinstall." msgstr "" -" 增加的內容涵蓋使用新安裝工具 " -"bsdinstall 來安裝 FreeBSD。" +"此章接下來的部份會介紹第四個案例，說明如何使用文字介面為基礎的安裝程式 " +"bsdinstall 安裝 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2862 +#: book.translate.xml:2881 msgid "" "In general, the installation instructions in this chapter are written for " "the i386 and AMD64 architectures. " @@ -3142,7 +3197,7 @@ "著來做。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:2871 +#: book.translate.xml:2890 msgid "" "Users who prefer to install FreeBSD using a graphical installer may be " "interested in pc-sysinstall, the installer used " @@ -3158,22 +3213,22 @@ "\">https://www.trueos.org/handbook/trueos.html)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2883 +#: book.translate.xml:2902 msgid "The minimum hardware requirements and FreeBSD supported architectures." msgstr "最低的硬體需求和 FreeBSD 支援的架構。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2888 +#: book.translate.xml:2907 msgid "How to create the FreeBSD installation media." msgstr "如何建立 FreeBSD 的安裝媒體。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2892 +#: book.translate.xml:2911 msgid "How to start bsdinstall." msgstr "如何開始執行 bsdinstall。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2897 +#: book.translate.xml:2916 msgid "" "The questions bsdinstall will ask, what they " "mean, and how to answer them." @@ -3182,29 +3237,29 @@ "回答。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2902 +#: book.translate.xml:2921 msgid "How to troubleshoot a failed installation." msgstr "安裝失敗時如何做故障排除。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2906 +#: book.translate.xml:2925 msgid "" "How to access a live version of FreeBSD before committing to an installation." msgstr "如何在正式安裝前使用 live 版本的 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2911 book.translate.xml:10612 book.translate.xml:13841 -#: book.translate.xml:17932 book.translate.xml:19194 book.translate.xml:23611 -#: book.translate.xml:29302 book.translate.xml:31049 book.translate.xml:31801 -#: book.translate.xml:35456 book.translate.xml:41412 book.translate.xml:41601 -#: book.translate.xml:43314 book.translate.xml:44337 book.translate.xml:45997 -#: book.translate.xml:46730 book.translate.xml:48932 book.translate.xml:50638 -#: book.translate.xml:57058 book.translate.xml:60709 +#: book.translate.xml:2930 book.translate.xml:10671 book.translate.xml:13908 +#: book.translate.xml:18041 book.translate.xml:19302 book.translate.xml:23716 +#: book.translate.xml:29415 book.translate.xml:31162 book.translate.xml:31914 +#: book.translate.xml:35569 book.translate.xml:41524 book.translate.xml:41718 +#: book.translate.xml:43549 book.translate.xml:44580 book.translate.xml:46237 +#: book.translate.xml:46970 book.translate.xml:49172 book.translate.xml:50878 +#: book.translate.xml:57585 book.translate.xml:61743 msgid "Before reading this chapter, you should:" -msgstr "在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰" +msgstr "在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2915 +#: book.translate.xml:2934 msgid "" "Read the supported hardware list that shipped with the version of FreeBSD to " "be installed and verify that the system's hardware is supported." @@ -3212,12 +3267,12 @@ "閱讀即將安裝的 FreeBSD 版本所附帶的硬體支援清單，並核對系統的硬體是否有支援。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:2923 +#: book.translate.xml:2942 msgid "Minimum Hardware Requirements" msgstr "最低硬體需求" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2925 +#: book.translate.xml:2944 msgid "" "The hardware requirements to install FreeBSD vary by architecture. Hardware " "architectures and devices supported by a FreeBSD release are listed on the " @@ -3233,7 +3288,7 @@ "也有建議如何正確的選擇在不同架構使用的映像檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2932 +#: book.translate.xml:2951 msgid "" "A FreeBSD installation requires a minimum of 96 MB of RAM " "and 1.5 GB of free hard drive space. However, such small amounts of memory " @@ -3246,17 +3301,17 @@ "途的桌面系統會需要更多的資源，2-4 GB RAM 與至少 8 GB 的硬碟空間是不錯的起點。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2940 +#: book.translate.xml:2959 msgid "These are the processor requirements for each architecture:" msgstr "每一種架構的處理器需求概述如下：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2945 +#: book.translate.xml:2964 msgid "amd64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2947 +#: book.translate.xml:2966 msgid "" "This is the most common desktop and laptop processor type, used in most " "modern systems. Intel calls it " @@ -3268,7 +3323,7 @@ "製造商則稱該類型為 x86-64。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2952 +#: book.translate.xml:2971 msgid "" "Examples of amd64 compatible processors include: AMD Athlon64, AMD Opteron, multi-core Intel processors " @@ -3303,7 +3358,7 @@ "\"registered\">Intel 486 或是更高階的處理器也有支援。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2969 +#: book.translate.xml:2988 msgid "" "FreeBSD will take advantage of Physical Address Extensions (PAE) support on CPUs with this feature. A kernel " @@ -3321,12 +3376,12 @@ "refentrytitle>4。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2981 +#: book.translate.xml:3000 msgid "ia64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2983 +#: book.translate.xml:3002 msgid "" "Currently supported processors are the Itanium and the ItaniumSMP) 的設定都有支援。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2993 +#: book.translate.xml:3012 msgid "powerpc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2995 +#: book.translate.xml:3014 msgid "" "All New World ROM Apple Mac systems with " @@ -3362,17 +3417,17 @@ "CPU 的機器都有支援。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3000 +#: book.translate.xml:3019 msgid "A 32-bit kernel can only use the first 2 GB of RAM." msgstr "32 位元的核心只能使用前 2 GB 的 RAM。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:3006 +#: book.translate.xml:3025 msgid "sparc64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3008 +#: book.translate.xml:3027 msgid "" "Systems supported by FreeBSD/sparc64 are listed at the FreeBSD/sparc64 Project." @@ -3381,7 +3436,7 @@ "platforms/sparc.html\">FreeBSD/sparc64 計劃。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3012 +#: book.translate.xml:3031 msgid "" "SMP is supported on all systems with more than 1 " "processor. A dedicated disk is required as it is not possible to share a " @@ -3391,12 +3446,12 @@ "因為此時無法和其他作業系統共用磁碟。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:3022 +#: book.translate.xml:3041 msgid "Pre-Installation Tasks" msgstr "安裝前準備工作" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3024 +#: book.translate.xml:3043 msgid "" "Once it has been determined that the system meets the minimum hardware " "requirements for installing FreeBSD, the installation file should be " @@ -3408,12 +3463,12 @@ "體。 做這些之前，先檢查以下核對清單的項目是否準備好了：" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3033 +#: book.translate.xml:3052 msgid "Back Up Important Data" msgstr "備份重要資料" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3035 +#: book.translate.xml:3054 msgid "" "Before installing any operating system, always backup " "all important data first. Do not store the backup on the system being " @@ -3430,12 +3485,12 @@ "面的資料都會遺失。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3047 +#: book.translate.xml:3066 msgid "Decide Where to Install FreeBSD" msgstr "決定 FreeBSD 安裝在哪裡" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3049 +#: book.translate.xml:3068 msgid "" "If FreeBSD will be the only operating system installed, this step can be " "skipped. But if FreeBSD will share the disk with another operating system, " @@ -3446,7 +3501,7 @@ "是哪個分割區 (Partition)。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3054 +#: book.translate.xml:3073 msgid "" "In the i386 and amd64 architectures, disks can be divided into multiple " "partitions using one of two partitioning schemes. A traditional " @@ -3472,7 +3527,7 @@ "個分割區，不再需要使用邏輯分割區。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3072 +#: book.translate.xml:3091 msgid "" "Some older operating systems, like Windows XP, are not compatible with the GPT partition " @@ -3484,7 +3539,7 @@ "這類作業系統共用一個磁碟，則需要用 MBR 分割表格式。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3079 +#: book.translate.xml:3098 msgid "" "The FreeBSD boot loader requires either a primary or GPT " "partition. If all of the primary or GPT partitions are " @@ -3498,7 +3553,7 @@ "工具來縮小現有的分割區，並使用釋放出來的空間建立新分割區。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3087 +#: book.translate.xml:3106 msgid "" "A variety of free and commercial partition resizing tools are listed at " "CD 發行版所收錄。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3097 +#: book.translate.xml:3116 msgid "" "When used properly, disk shrinking utilities can safely create space for " "creating a new partition. Since the possibility of selecting the wrong " @@ -3531,7 +3586,7 @@ "料，並確認備份的完整性。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3104 +#: book.translate.xml:3123 msgid "" "Disk partitions containing different operating systems make it possible to " "install multiple operating systems on one computer. An alternative is to use " @@ -3544,12 +3599,12 @@ "執行而不需要改變任何磁碟分割區。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3113 +#: book.translate.xml:3132 msgid "Collect Network Information" msgstr "收集網路資訊" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3115 +#: book.translate.xml:3134 msgid "" "Some FreeBSD installation methods require a network connection in order to " "download the installation files. After any installation, the installer will " @@ -3559,7 +3614,7 @@ "入設定系統網路的介面。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3120 +#: book.translate.xml:3139 msgid "" "If the network has a DHCP server, it can be used to " "provide automatic network configuration. If DHCP is not " @@ -3571,46 +3626,45 @@ "商 (Internet Service Provider, ISP) 取得以的網路資訊供系統使用：" #. (itstool) path: orderedlist/title -#: book.translate.xml:3128 +#: book.translate.xml:3147 msgid "Required Network Information" msgstr "需要的網路資訊" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:3131 book.translate.xml:53692 +#: book.translate.xml:3150 book.translate.xml:53932 msgid "IP address" msgstr "IP 位址" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3135 +#: book.translate.xml:3154 msgid "Subnet mask" msgstr "子網路遮罩" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3139 +#: book.translate.xml:3158 msgid "IP address of default gateway" msgstr "預設通訊閘 IP 位址" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3144 +#: book.translate.xml:3163 msgid "Domain name of the network" msgstr "網路的網域名稱" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3148 +#: book.translate.xml:3167 msgid "" "IP addresses of the network's DNS " "servers" msgstr "網路 DNS 伺服器 IP 位址" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3155 +#: book.translate.xml:3174 msgid "Check for FreeBSD Errata" msgstr "檢查 FreeBSD 勘誤表" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3157 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:3176 msgid "" "Although the FreeBSD Project strives to ensure that each release of FreeBSD " "is as stable as possible, bugs occasionally creep into the process. On very " @@ -3621,15 +3675,15 @@ "errata before installing to make sure that there are no problems that might " "affect the installation." msgstr "" -"儘管 FreeBSD 計劃努力確保每個 FreeBSD 發行版能夠儘可能地穩定，但錯誤偶爾還是" +"儘管 FreeBSD 計劃努力確保每個 FreeBSD 發行版能夠儘可能地穩定，但臭蟲偶爾還是" "會悄悄出現，並有極小的可能會發生影響安裝流程的錯誤，當這些問題被發現並修正" "後，會被紀錄在 FreeBSD 網站的 FreeBSD 勘誤表 (https://www.freebsd.org/" -"releases/11.1R/errata.html)。 安裝前先檢查勘誤表，以確保沒有會影響到安" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/releases/12.0R/errata.html\">https://www.freebsd.org/" +"releases/12.0R/errata.html)。 安裝前先檢查勘誤表，以確保沒有會影響到安" "裝的問題。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3167 +#: book.translate.xml:3186 msgid "" "Information and errata for all the releases can be found on the release " "information section of the FreeBSD web site ()。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3174 +#: book.translate.xml:3193 msgid "Prepare the Installation Media" msgstr "準備安裝的媒體" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3176 +#: book.translate.xml:3195 msgid "" "The FreeBSD installer is not an application that can be run from within " "another operating system. Instead, download a FreeBSD installation file, " @@ -3660,7 +3714,7 @@ "媒體來安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3183 +#: book.translate.xml:3202 msgid "" "FreeBSD installation files are available at www.freebsd.org/where." @@ -3679,7 +3733,7 @@ "DVD 來開機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3192 +#: book.translate.xml:3211 msgid "" "Installation files are available in several formats. The formats vary " "depending on computer architecture and media type." @@ -3687,7 +3741,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#bsdinstall-installation-media-uefi -#: book.translate.xml:3196 +#: book.translate.xml:3215 msgid "" "Additional installation files are included for computers that boot with " "UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface). The names " @@ -3698,12 +3752,12 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3202 +#: book.translate.xml:3221 msgid "File types:" msgstr "檔案類型：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3206 +#: book.translate.xml:3225 msgid "" "-bootonly.iso: This is the smallest installation file as " "it only contains the installer. A working Internet connection is required " @@ -3716,7 +3770,7 @@ "CD 燒錄應用程式燒錄到 CD 使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3216 +#: book.translate.xml:3235 msgid "" "-disc1.iso: This file contains all of the files needed to " "install FreeBSD, its source, and the Ports Collection. It should be burned " @@ -3727,7 +3781,7 @@ "到 CD 使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3224 +#: book.translate.xml:3243 msgid "" "-dvd1.iso: This file contains all of the files needed to " "install FreeBSD, its source, and the Ports Collection. It also contains a " @@ -3742,7 +3796,7 @@ "DVD 燒錄應用程式燒錄到 DVD 使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3235 +#: book.translate.xml:3254 msgid "" "-memstick.img: This file contains all of the files needed " "to install FreeBSD, its source, and the Ports Collection. It should be " @@ -3753,7 +3807,7 @@ "acronym> 隨身碟使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3243 +#: book.translate.xml:3262 msgid "" "-mini-memstick.img: Like -bootonly.iso, does not include installation files, but downloads them as needed. " @@ -3767,7 +3821,7 @@ "碟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3252 +#: book.translate.xml:3271 msgid "" "After downloading the image file, download CHECKSUM.SHA256 from the same directory. Calculate a checksumCHECKSUM." "SHA256. The checksums must match exactly. If the checksums do not " @@ -3794,12 +3848,12 @@ "應該要完全相符，若校驗碼不相符，則代表該映像檔是損壞的，必須再下載一次。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:3266 +#: book.translate.xml:3285 msgid "Writing an Image File to USB" msgstr "寫入映象檔到 USB" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:3268 +#: book.translate.xml:3287 msgid "" "The *.img file is an image of the " "complete contents of a memory stick. It cannot be " @@ -3813,7 +3867,7 @@ "隨身碟，本節會介紹其中兩種。" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:3277 +#: book.translate.xml:3296 msgid "" "Before proceeding, back up any important data on the USB " "stick. This procedure will erase the existing data on the stick." @@ -3822,12 +3876,12 @@ "身碟上既有的資料。" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3283 +#: book.translate.xml:3302 msgid "Using dd to Write the Image" msgstr "使用 dd 來寫入映像檔" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3287 +#: book.translate.xml:3306 msgid "" "This example uses /dev/da0 as the target device where " "the image will be written. Be very careful that the " @@ -3839,7 +3893,7 @@ "毀所有在指定目標裝置上已存在的資料。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3295 +#: book.translate.xml:3314 msgid "" "The dd1 command-line utility is available on BSD, USB 裝置。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3306 +#: book.translate.xml:3325 #, no-wrap msgid "# dd if=FreeBSD-10.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img of=/dev/da0 bs=1M conv=sync" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3308 +#: book.translate.xml:3327 msgid "" "If this command fails, verify that the USB stick is not " "mounted and that the device name is for the disk, not a partition. Some " "operating systems might require this command to be run with " "sudo8. Systems like Linux might buffer writes. To force all writes to complete, use " -"sync8." +"citerefentry>. The dd1 syntax varies slightly " +"across different platforms; for example, Mac OS requires a lower-case . Systems " +"like Linux might buffer writes. " +"To force all writes to complete, use sync8." msgstr "" -"若這個指示執行失敗，請確認 USB 隨身碟是否未掛載，以及該裝" -"置名稱是否為這個隨身碟，而非一個分割區。部份作業系統可能需要使用 " +"若這個指示執行失敗，請確認 USB 隨身碟是否還未掛載，以及該" +"裝置名稱是否指向這個隨身碟，而不是一個分割區。有些作業系統可能需要使用 " "sudo8 來執行這個指令。像 Linux 這類的系統可能會暫存寫入動作，要強制完成所有寫入動作，可使用 " -"sync8。" +"citerefentry> 來執行這個指令。且 dd1 的指令語法在不同的作業" +"系統上有些不同，例如在 Mac OS 需" +"要使用小寫的 ，而在 Linux 這類的系統可能會暫存寫入動作，要強制完成所有寫入動作，需" +"使用 sync8。" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3319 +#: book.translate.xml:3341 msgid "" "Using Windows to Write the Image" msgstr "使用 Windows 來寫入映象檔" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3322 +#: book.translate.xml:3344 msgid "" "Be sure to give the correct drive letter as the existing data on the " "specified drive will be overwritten and destroyed." @@ -3900,7 +3960,7 @@ "務必確認指定的磁碟機代號正確，因在指定磁碟機上的既有資料將會被覆蓋與摧毀。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3328 +#: book.translate.xml:3350 msgid "" "Obtaining Image Writer for Windows" @@ -3909,7 +3969,7 @@ "trademark> 版" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3331 +#: book.translate.xml:3353 msgid "" "Image Writer for Windows is a free application that can correctly write an " @@ -3924,12 +3984,12 @@ "個資料夾。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3339 +#: book.translate.xml:3361 msgid "Writing the Image with Image Writer" msgstr "用 Image Writer 寫入映象檔" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3341 +#: book.translate.xml:3363 msgid "" "Double-click the Win32DiskImager icon to start " "the program. Verify that the drive letter shown under " @@ -3948,24 +4008,24 @@ "入隨身碟。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:3356 +#: book.translate.xml:3378 msgid "You are now ready to start installing FreeBSD." msgstr "您現在可以開始安裝 FreeBSD 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:3362 +#: book.translate.xml:3384 msgid "Starting the Installation" msgstr "開始安裝" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:3365 +#: book.translate.xml:3387 msgid "" "By default, the installation will not make any changes to the disk(s) before " "the following message:" msgstr "預設安裝程序在下列訊息顯示之前不會對磁碟做任何更動：" #. (itstool) path: important/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:3368 +#: book.translate.xml:3390 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Your changes will now be written to disk. If you\n" @@ -3975,7 +4035,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:3373 +#: book.translate.xml:3395 msgid "" "The install can be exited at any time prior to this warning. If there is a " "concern that something is incorrectly configured, just turn the computer off " @@ -3985,7 +4045,7 @@ "腦，將不會對系統磁碟做任何更改。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3380 +#: book.translate.xml:3402 msgid "" "This section describes how to boot the system from the installation media " "which was prepared using the instructions in i386 and amd64" msgstr "在 i386 及 amd64 開機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3393 +#: book.translate.xml:3415 msgid "" "These architectures provide a BIOS menu for selecting the " "boot device. Depending upon the installation media being used, select the " @@ -4025,14 +4085,14 @@ "Escape 其中之一。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3404 +#: book.translate.xml:3426 msgid "" "If the computer loads the existing operating system instead of the FreeBSD " "installer, then either:" msgstr "若電腦仍載入了現有的作業系統，而不是 FreeBSD 安裝程式，原因可能為：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3409 +#: book.translate.xml:3431 msgid "" "The installation media was not inserted early enough in the boot process. " "Leave the media inserted and try restarting the computer." @@ -4041,7 +4101,7 @@ "電腦。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3415 +#: book.translate.xml:3437 msgid "" "The BIOS changes were incorrect or not saved. Double-" "check that the right boot device is selected as the first boot device." @@ -4050,7 +4110,7 @@ "確的裝置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3421 +#: book.translate.xml:3443 msgid "" "This system is too old to support booting from the chosen media. In this " "case, the Plop Boot Manager () 來從選擇的開機媒體開機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3431 +#: book.translate.xml:3453 msgid "Booting on PowerPC" msgstr "在 PowerPC 開機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3433 +#: book.translate.xml:3455 msgid "" "On most machines, holding C on the keyboard during boot " "will boot from the CD. Otherwise, hold 提示時，輸入" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3449 +#: book.translate.xml:3471 #, no-wrap msgid "boot cd:,\\ppc\\loader cd:0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3453 +#: book.translate.xml:3475 msgid "Booting on SPARC64" msgstr "在 SPARC64 開機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3455 +#: book.translate.xml:3477 msgid "" "Most SPARC64 systems are set up " "to boot automatically from disk. To install FreeBSD from a CD。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3459 +#: book.translate.xml:3481 msgid "" "To do this, reboot the system and wait until the boot message appears. The " "message depends on the model, but should look something like this:" @@ -4117,7 +4177,7 @@ "機型而有所不同，但大致結果會如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3463 +#: book.translate.xml:3485 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present\n" @@ -4127,7 +4187,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3468 +#: book.translate.xml:3490 msgid "" "If the system proceeds to boot from disk at this point, press L1A or " @@ -4150,7 +4210,7 @@ "prompt>，其中的數字代表啟動的 CPU 數。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3480 +#: book.translate.xml:3502 msgid "" "At this point, place the CD into the drive and type " "boot cdrom from the PROM prompt." @@ -4159,19 +4219,19 @@ "畫面輸入 boot cdrom。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3486 +#: book.translate.xml:3508 msgid "FreeBSD Boot Menu" msgstr "FreeBSD 開機選單" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3488 +#: book.translate.xml:3510 msgid "" "Once the system boots from the installation media, a menu similar to the " "following will be displayed:" msgstr "從安裝媒體開機之後，會顯示如下的選單：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3492 +#: book.translate.xml:3514 msgid "FreeBSD Boot Loader Menu" msgstr "FreeBSD 開機載入程式選單" @@ -4180,14 +4240,14 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3496 +#: book.translate.xml:3518 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-newboot-loader-menu' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3501 +#: book.translate.xml:3523 msgid "" "By default, the menu will wait ten seconds for user input before booting " "into the FreeBSD installer or, if FreeBSD is already installed, before " @@ -4201,7 +4261,7 @@ "以下選項可選。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3511 +#: book.translate.xml:3533 msgid "" "Boot Multi User: This will continue the FreeBSD boot " "process. If the boot timer has been paused, press 1, upper- " @@ -4212,7 +4272,7 @@ "B 或 Enter 鍵。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3519 +#: book.translate.xml:3541 msgid "" "Boot Single User: This mode can be used to fix an " "existing FreeBSD installation as described in 、大寫或小寫 S 進入這個模式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3527 +#: book.translate.xml:3549 msgid "" "Escape to loader prompt: This will boot the system into a " "repair prompt that contains a limited number of low-level commands. This " @@ -4237,12 +4297,12 @@ "入這個提示。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3536 +#: book.translate.xml:3558 msgid "Reboot: Reboots the system." msgstr "重新開機 (Reboot)：重新開啟系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3540 +#: book.translate.xml:3562 msgid "" "Configure Boot Options: Opens the menu shown in, and " "described under, ." @@ -4251,7 +4311,7 @@ "說明於 。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3546 +#: book.translate.xml:3568 msgid "FreeBSD Boot Options Menu" msgstr "FreeBSD 開機選項選單" @@ -4260,13 +4320,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3550 +#: book.translate.xml:3572 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-boot-options-menu' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3555 +#: book.translate.xml:3577 msgid "" "The boot options menu is divided into two sections. The first section can be " "used to either return to the main boot menu or to reset any toggled options " @@ -4276,7 +4336,7 @@ "回預設值。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3560 +#: book.translate.xml:3582 msgid "" "The next section is used to toggle the available options to On or Off by pressing the option's highlighted " @@ -4289,7 +4349,7 @@ "到選項被修改。有數個選項可以在這個選單做切換：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3569 +#: book.translate.xml:3591 msgid "" "ACPI Support: If the system hangs during boot, try " "toggling this option to Off." @@ -4298,7 +4358,7 @@ "個選項為關 (Off)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3575 +#: book.translate.xml:3597 msgid "" "Safe Mode: If the system still hangs during boot even " "with ACPI Support set to Off, try " @@ -4309,7 +4369,7 @@ "將此選項設為開 (On)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3582 +#: book.translate.xml:3604 msgid "" "Single User: Toggle this option to On " "to fix an existing FreeBSD installation as described in Off)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3590 +#: book.translate.xml:3612 msgid "" "Verbose: Toggle this option to On to " "see more detailed messages during the boot process. This can be useful when " @@ -4331,7 +4391,7 @@ "literal>) 來查看開機程序中更詳細的訊息，這在診斷硬體問題時非常有用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3597 +#: book.translate.xml:3619 msgid "" "After making the needed selections, press 1 or " "Backspace to return to the main boot menu, then press " @@ -4346,7 +4406,7 @@ "選單如 。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3606 +#: book.translate.xml:3628 msgid "Welcome Menu" msgstr "歡迎選單" @@ -4355,13 +4415,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3610 +#: book.translate.xml:3632 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-choose-mode' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3615 +#: book.translate.xml:3637 msgid "" "Press Enter to select the default of " "[ Install ] to enter the installer. The rest of this " @@ -4381,7 +4441,7 @@ "本的詳細說明於 。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:3628 +#: book.translate.xml:3650 msgid "" "To review the boot messages, including the hardware device probe, press the " "upper- or lower-case S and then Enter to " @@ -4395,12 +4455,12 @@ "exit 返回歡迎選單。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:3641 +#: book.translate.xml:3663 msgid "Using bsdinstall" msgstr "使用 bsdinstall" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3643 +#: book.translate.xml:3665 msgid "" "This section shows the order of the bsdinstall " "menus and the type of information that will be asked before the system is " @@ -4415,12 +4475,12 @@ "選項然後進入下一個畫面。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3652 +#: book.translate.xml:3674 msgid "Selecting the Keymap Menu" msgstr "選擇鍵盤對應表選單" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3654 +#: book.translate.xml:3676 msgid "" "Depending on the system console being used, bsdinstall may initially display the menu shown in 。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3659 +#: book.translate.xml:3681 msgid "Keymap Selection" msgstr "鍵盤對應表選擇" @@ -4439,14 +4499,14 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3663 +#: book.translate.xml:3685 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-keymap-select-default' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3668 +#: book.translate.xml:3690 msgid "" "To configure the keyboard layout, press Enter with " "[ YES ] selected, which will display the menu shown " @@ -4460,7 +4520,7 @@ "Enter 跳過這個選單畫面。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3677 +#: book.translate.xml:3699 msgid "Selecting Keyboard Menu" msgstr "選擇鍵盤選單" @@ -4469,13 +4529,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3681 +#: book.translate.xml:3703 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-keymap' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3686 +#: book.translate.xml:3708 msgid "" "When configuring the keyboard layout, use the up and down arrows to select " "the keymap that most closely represents the mapping of the keyboard attached " @@ -4485,7 +4545,7 @@ "(Keymap)，然後按下 Enter 儲存選項。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:3692 +#: book.translate.xml:3714 msgid "" "Pressing Esc will exit this menu and use the default " "keymap. If the choice of keymap is not clear, United States of " @@ -4496,7 +4556,7 @@ "guimenuitem> 是也是保險的選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3698 +#: book.translate.xml:3720 msgid "" "In FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE and later, this menu has been enhanced. The full " "selection of keymaps is shown, with the default preselected. In addition, " @@ -4508,7 +4568,7 @@ "對話框讓使用者測試鍵盤對應表來確認。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3705 +#: book.translate.xml:3727 msgid "Enhanced Keymap Menu" msgstr "改進後的鍵盤對應表選單" @@ -4517,19 +4577,19 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3709 +#: book.translate.xml:3731 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-keymap-10' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3717 book.translate.xml:3724 +#: book.translate.xml:3739 book.translate.xml:3746 msgid "Setting the Hostname" msgstr "設定主機名稱" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3719 +#: book.translate.xml:3741 msgid "" "The next bsdinstall menu is used to set the " "hostname for the newly installed system." @@ -4542,13 +4602,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3728 +#: book.translate.xml:3750 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-hostname' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3733 +#: book.translate.xml:3755 msgid "" "Type in a hostname that is unique for the network. It should be a fully-" "qualified hostname, such as machine3." @@ -4559,12 +4619,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3738 book.translate.xml:3744 +#: book.translate.xml:3760 book.translate.xml:3766 msgid "Selecting Components to Install" msgstr "選擇要安裝的元件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3740 +#: book.translate.xml:3762 msgid "" "Next, bsdinstall will prompt to select optional " "components to install." @@ -4576,13 +4636,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3748 +#: book.translate.xml:3770 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-components' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3753 +#: book.translate.xml:3775 msgid "" "Deciding which components to install will depend largely on the intended use " "of the system and the amount of disk space available. The FreeBSD kernel and " @@ -4595,7 +4655,7 @@ "必須安裝的部份。依據系統的架構，部份元件可能不會顯示：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3762 +#: book.translate.xml:3784 msgid "" "doc - Additional documentation, mostly of historical " "interest, to install into /usr/share/doc. The " @@ -4609,7 +4669,7 @@ "操作。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3770 +#: book.translate.xml:3792 msgid "" "games - Several traditional BSD games, " "including fortune, rot13lib32 - Compatibility libraries for running 32-bit " "applications on a 64-bit version of FreeBSD." @@ -4629,7 +4689,7 @@ "用的相容性程式庫。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3783 +#: book.translate.xml:3805 msgid "" "ports - The FreeBSD Ports Collection is a collection of " "files which automates the downloading, compiling and installation of third-" @@ -4640,7 +4700,7 @@ "方軟體套件的集合， 中會討論到如何使用 Port 套件集。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3790 +#: book.translate.xml:3812 msgid "" "The installation program does not check for adequate disk space. Select this " "option only if sufficient hard disk space is available. The FreeBSD Ports " @@ -4650,7 +4710,7 @@ "磁碟空間，只有在有足夠的磁碟空間時才選擇這個選項。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3799 +#: book.translate.xml:3821 msgid "" "src - The complete FreeBSD source code for both the " "kernel and the userland. Although not required for the majority of " @@ -4667,12 +4727,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3812 book.translate.xml:3823 +#: book.translate.xml:3834 book.translate.xml:3845 msgid "Installing from the Network" msgstr "從網路安裝" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3814 +#: book.translate.xml:3836 msgid "" "The menu shown in only " "appears when installing from a -bootonly.iso " @@ -4691,13 +4751,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3827 +#: book.translate.xml:3849 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-netinstall-files' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3832 +#: book.translate.xml:3854 msgid "" "To configure the network connection, press Enter and follow " "the instructions in . Once " @@ -4712,7 +4772,7 @@ "載的速度會比較快，這會減少安裝的時間。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3841 +#: book.translate.xml:3863 msgid "Choosing a Mirror" msgstr "選擇鏡像站" @@ -4721,52 +4781,32 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3845 +#: book.translate.xml:3867 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-netinstall-mirrorselect' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3850 +#: book.translate.xml:3872 msgid "" "Installation will then continue as if the installation files were located on " "the local installation media." msgstr "若在本機的安裝媒體中找到安裝檔案，安裝程序便會繼續。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:3856 +#: book.translate.xml:3878 msgid "Allocating Disk Space" msgstr "配置磁碟空間" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3858 +#: book.translate.xml:3880 msgid "" -"The next menu is used to determine the method for allocating disk space. The " -"options available in the menu depend upon the version of FreeBSD being " -"installed." -msgstr "" -"接下來的選單用來決定配置磁碟空間的方式，選單中可用的選項會依安裝的 FreeBSD 版" -"本而有所不同。" +"The next menu is used to determine the method for allocating disk space." +msgstr "接下來的選單用來決定配置磁碟空間的方式。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3863 -msgid "Partitioning Choices on FreeBSD 9.x" -msgstr "FreeBSD 9.x 的磁碟分割選項" - -#. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata -#. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When -#. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to -#. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to -#. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3867 -msgctxt "_" -msgid "" -"external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-guided-manual' md5='__failed__'" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3873 +#: book.translate.xml:3884 msgid "Partitioning Choices on FreeBSD 10.x and Higher" msgstr "FreeBSD 10.x 或更新版本的磁碟分割選項" @@ -4775,13 +4815,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3877 +#: book.translate.xml:3888 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-partmenu' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3882 +#: book.translate.xml:3893 msgid "" "Guided partitioning automatically sets up the disk " "partitions, Manual partitioning allows advanced users to " @@ -4809,7 +4849,7 @@ "firstterm>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3893 +#: book.translate.xml:3904 msgid "" "This section describes what to consider when laying out the disk partitions. " "It then demonstrates how to use the different partitioning methods." @@ -4817,32 +4857,32 @@ "本節會介紹在配置磁碟分割時需要考量那些事情，並且會示範各種磁碟分割的方式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3898 +#: book.translate.xml:3909 msgid "Designing the Partition Layout" msgstr "規劃分割區配置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:3900 +#: book.translate.xml:3911 msgid "partition layout" msgstr "分割區配置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:3901 +#: book.translate.xml:3912 msgid "/etc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:3904 +#: book.translate.xml:3915 msgid "/var" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:3907 +#: book.translate.xml:3918 msgid "/usr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3911 +#: book.translate.xml:3922 msgid "" "When laying out file systems, remember that hard drives transfer data faster " "from the outer tracks to the inner. Thus, smaller and heavier-accessed file " @@ -4858,7 +4898,7 @@ "/var 然後 /usr。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3921 +#: book.translate.xml:3932 msgid "" "The size of the /var partition reflects the intended " "machine's usage. This partition is used to hold mailboxes, log files, and " @@ -4873,7 +4913,7 @@ "/var 需要超過 1 GB 的可用磁碟空間。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:3931 +#: book.translate.xml:3942 msgid "" "Sometimes, a lot of disk space is required in /var/tmp. " "When new software is installed, the packaging tools extract a temporary copy " @@ -4890,7 +4930,7 @@ "application> 或 LibreOffice 會很困難。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3942 +#: book.translate.xml:3953 msgid "" "The /usr partition holds many of the files which " "support the system, including the FreeBSD Ports Collection and system source " @@ -4900,7 +4940,7 @@ "Port 套件集以及系統原始碼，這個分割區建議至少要有 2 GB 的空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3947 +#: book.translate.xml:3958 msgid "" "When selecting partition sizes, keep the space requirements in mind. Running " "out of space in one partition while barely using another can be a hassle." @@ -4909,17 +4949,17 @@ "區時會很麻煩。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:3951 +#: book.translate.xml:3962 msgid "swap sizing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:3954 +#: book.translate.xml:3965 msgid "swap partition" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3958 +#: book.translate.xml:3969 msgid "" "As a rule of thumb, the swap partition should be about double the size of " "physical memory (RAM). Systems with minimal RAMSCSI disks or multiple " "IDE disks operating on different controllers, it is " @@ -4953,7 +4993,7 @@ "換空間，這也會讓要從失控的程式恢復運作更容易，而不需強制重新啟動系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3979 +#: book.translate.xml:3990 msgid "" "By properly partitioning a system, fragmentation introduced in the smaller " "write heavy partitions will not bleed over into the mostly read partitions. " @@ -4971,12 +5011,12 @@ "顯著。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3992 +#: book.translate.xml:4003 msgid "Guided Partitioning" msgstr "引導式磁碟分割" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3994 +#: book.translate.xml:4005 msgid "" "When this method is selected, a menu will display the available disk(s). If " "multiple disks are connected, choose the one where FreeBSD is to be " @@ -4986,7 +5026,7 @@ "個來安裝 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3999 +#: book.translate.xml:4010 msgid "Selecting from Multiple Disks" msgstr "自多個磁碟選擇" @@ -4995,13 +5035,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4003 +#: book.translate.xml:4014 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-guided-disk' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4008 +#: book.translate.xml:4019 msgid "" "Once the disk is selected, the next menu prompts to install to either the " "entire disk or to create a partition using free space. If " @@ -5016,7 +5056,7 @@ "未使用的空間來建立分割區配置。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4018 +#: book.translate.xml:4029 msgid "Selecting Entire Disk or Partition" msgstr "選擇完整磁碟或分割區" @@ -5025,13 +5065,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4022 +#: book.translate.xml:4033 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-entire-part' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4027 +#: book.translate.xml:4038 msgid "" "After the partition layout has been created, review it to ensure it meets " "the needs of the installation. Selecting [ Revert ] " @@ -5048,7 +5088,7 @@ "[ Finish ] 繼續安裝。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4038 +#: book.translate.xml:4049 msgid "Review Created Partitions" msgstr "確認已建立的分割區" @@ -5057,23 +5097,23 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4042 +#: book.translate.xml:4053 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-review' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4049 +#: book.translate.xml:4060 msgid "Manual Partitioning" msgstr "手動磁碟分割" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4051 +#: book.translate.xml:4062 msgid "Selecting this method opens the partition editor:" msgstr "選擇這個方法會開啟分割區編輯程式：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4054 book.translate.xml:4069 book.translate.xml:4140 +#: book.translate.xml:4065 book.translate.xml:4080 book.translate.xml:4152 msgid "Manually Create Partitions" msgstr "手動建立分割區" @@ -5082,14 +5122,14 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4058 +#: book.translate.xml:4069 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-manual-create' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4063 +#: book.translate.xml:4074 msgid "" "Highlight the installation drive (ada0 in this example) " "and select [ Create ] to display a menu of available " @@ -5104,14 +5144,14 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4073 +#: book.translate.xml:4084 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-manual-partscheme' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4078 +#: book.translate.xml:4089 msgid "" "GPT is usually the most appropriate choice for amd64 " "computers. Older computers that are not compatible with GPTPowerPC." @@ -5160,12 +5200,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm #. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym -#: book.translate.xml:4102 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:4113 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "BSD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4103 +#: book.translate.xml:4114 msgid "" "BSD label without an MBR, sometimes " "called dangerously dedicated mode as non-" @@ -5176,12 +5216,12 @@ "(Dangerously dedicated mode)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4111 +#: book.translate.xml:4122 msgid "GPT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4112 +#: book.translate.xml:4123 msgid "" "GUID Partition Table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4116 +#: book.translate.xml:4127 msgid "MBR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4117 +#: book.translate.xml:4128 msgid "" "Master Boot Record (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record)." @@ -5207,12 +5247,12 @@ "link>)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4121 +#: book.translate.xml:4132 msgid "PC98" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4122 +#: book.translate.xml:4133 msgid "" "MBR variant used by NEC PC-98 computers (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pc9801)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4127 +#: book.translate.xml:4138 msgid "VTOC8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4128 +#: book.translate.xml:4139 msgid "Volume Table Of Contents used by Sun SPARC64 and UltraSPARC computers." msgstr "Volume Table Of Contents，用於 Sun SPARC64 及 UltraSPARC 電腦。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4135 +#: book.translate.xml:4146 msgid "" "After the partitioning scheme has been selected and created, select " -"[ Create ] again to create the partitions." +"[ Create ] again to create the partitions. The " +"Tab key is used to move the cursor between fields." msgstr "" "選擇完分割區表格式並建立之後，再選擇 [ Create ] 一次來" -"建立分割區。" +"建立分割區。Tab 鍵可用來在欄位間移動游標。" #. (itstool) path: imageobject/imagedata #. This is a reference to an external file such as an image or video. When #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4144 +#: book.translate.xml:4156 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-manual-addpart' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4149 +#: book.translate.xml:4161 msgid "" "A standard FreeBSD GPT installation uses at least three " "partitions:" msgstr "標準的 FreeBSD GPT 安裝會使用至少三種分割區：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4154 +#: book.translate.xml:4166 msgid "freebsd-boot - Holds the FreeBSD boot code." msgstr "freebsd-boot - 儲存 FreeBSD 開機程式 (Boot code)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4159 +#: book.translate.xml:4171 msgid "" "freebsd-ufs - A FreeBSD UFS file " "system." @@ -5273,12 +5314,12 @@ "freebsd-ufs - FreeBSD 的 UFS 檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4164 +#: book.translate.xml:4176 msgid "freebsd-swap - FreeBSD swap space." msgstr "freebsd-swap - FreeBSD 交換空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4169 +#: book.translate.xml:4181 msgid "" "Another partition type worth noting is freebsd-zfs, used " "for partitions that will contain a FreeBSD ZFS file " @@ -5293,7 +5334,7 @@ "citerefentry> 取得可用的 GPT 分割區類型說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4175 +#: book.translate.xml:4187 msgid "" "Multiple file system partitions can be created and some people prefer a " "traditional layout with separate partitions for /, " @@ -5307,7 +5348,7 @@ "\"bsdinstall-part-manual-splitfs\"/> 的範例。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4182 +#: book.translate.xml:4194 msgid "" "The Size may be entered with common abbreviations: " "K for kilobytes, M for megabytes, " @@ -5318,7 +5359,7 @@ "表 GB。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:4188 +#: book.translate.xml:4200 msgid "" "Proper sector alignment provides the best performance, and making partition " "sizes even multiples of 4K bytes helps to ensure alignment on drives with " @@ -5335,7 +5376,7 @@ "(Boot code) 的限制，不可大於 512K。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4199 +#: book.translate.xml:4211 msgid "" "A Mountpoint is needed if the partition will contain a " "file system. If only a single UFS partition will be " @@ -5346,7 +5387,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4204 +#: book.translate.xml:4216 msgid "" "The Label is a name by which the partition will be known. " "Drive names or numbers can change if the drive is connected to a different " @@ -5366,7 +5407,7 @@ "且標籤會在 /dev/ 中有各自的目錄。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:4217 +#: book.translate.xml:4229 msgid "" "Use a unique label on every partition to avoid conflicts from identical " "labels. A few letters from the computer's name, use, or location can be " @@ -5380,12 +5421,12 @@ "UFS 根目錄分割區。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:4227 +#: book.translate.xml:4239 msgid "Creating Traditional Split File System Partitions" msgstr "建立傳統分割的檔案系統分割區" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:4230 +#: book.translate.xml:4242 msgid "" "For a traditional partition layout where the /, " "/var, /tmp, and /usrgptboot expects the first " "UFS partition to be the / partition." @@ -5415,113 +5456,113 @@ "acronym> 分割區為 / 分割區。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4251 +#: book.translate.xml:4263 msgid "Partition Type" msgstr "分割區類型" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4252 +#: book.translate.xml:4264 msgid "Size" msgstr "大小" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4253 +#: book.translate.xml:4265 msgid "Mountpoint" msgstr "掛載點" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4254 +#: book.translate.xml:4266 msgid "Label" msgstr "標籤" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4260 +#: book.translate.xml:4272 msgid "freebsd-boot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4261 +#: book.translate.xml:4273 msgid "512K" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4265 book.translate.xml:4279 book.translate.xml:4286 -#: book.translate.xml:4293 +#: book.translate.xml:4277 book.translate.xml:4291 book.translate.xml:4298 +#: book.translate.xml:4305 msgid "freebsd-ufs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4266 book.translate.xml:4280 +#: book.translate.xml:4278 book.translate.xml:4292 msgid "2G" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4267 book.translate.xml:7054 +#: book.translate.xml:4279 book.translate.xml:7070 msgid "/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4268 +#: book.translate.xml:4280 msgid "exrootfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4272 +#: book.translate.xml:4284 msgid "freebsd-swap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4273 +#: book.translate.xml:4285 msgid "4G" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4275 +#: book.translate.xml:4287 msgid "exswap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4281 +#: book.translate.xml:4293 msgid "/var" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4282 +#: book.translate.xml:4294 msgid "exvarfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4287 +#: book.translate.xml:4299 msgid "1G" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4288 +#: book.translate.xml:4300 msgid "/tmp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4289 +#: book.translate.xml:4301 msgid "extmpfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4294 +#: book.translate.xml:4306 msgid "accept the default (remainder of the disk)" msgstr "接受預設值 (依磁碟提示)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4296 +#: book.translate.xml:4308 msgid "/usr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4297 +#: book.translate.xml:4309 msgid "exusrfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4304 +#: book.translate.xml:4316 msgid "" "After the custom partitions have been created, select [ Finish ] to continue with the installation." @@ -5529,12 +5570,12 @@ "自訂的分割區建立完後，選擇 [ Finish ] 繼續安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4310 +#: book.translate.xml:4322 msgid "Root-on-ZFS Automatic Partitioning" msgstr "Root-on-ZFS 自動磁碟分割" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4312 +#: book.translate.xml:4324 msgid "" "Support for automatic creation of root-on-ZFS installations was added in " "FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE. This partitioning mode only works with whole disks and " @@ -5563,7 +5604,7 @@ "存池使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4331 +#: book.translate.xml:4343 msgid "" "The main ZFS configuration menu offers a number of " "options to control the creation of the pool." @@ -5571,7 +5612,7 @@ "主要 ZFS 設定選單提供了數個設定選項來控制儲存池的建立。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4336 +#: book.translate.xml:4348 msgid "ZFS Partitioning Menu" msgstr "ZFS 磁碟分割選單" @@ -5580,13 +5621,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4340 +#: book.translate.xml:4352 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-menu' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4345 +#: book.translate.xml:4357 msgid "" "Select T to configure the Pool Type and " "the disk(s) that will constitute the pool. The automatic ZFSZFS Pool Type" msgstr "ZFS 儲存池類型" @@ -5620,13 +5661,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4366 +#: book.translate.xml:4378 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-vdev_type' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4371 +#: book.translate.xml:4383 msgid "" "Once a Pool Type has been selected, a list of available " "disks is displayed, and the user is prompted to select one or more disks to " @@ -5641,7 +5682,7 @@ "返回磁碟清單或取消 (<Cancel>) 來更改儲存池類型。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4381 +#: book.translate.xml:4393 msgid "Disk Selection" msgstr "磁碟選擇" @@ -5650,13 +5691,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4385 +#: book.translate.xml:4397 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-disk_select' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4391 +#: book.translate.xml:4403 msgid "Invalid Selection" msgstr "無效的選擇" @@ -5665,13 +5706,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4395 +#: book.translate.xml:4407 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-vdev_invalid' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4400 +#: book.translate.xml:4412 msgid "" "If one or more disks are missing from the list, or if disks were attached " "after the installer was started, select - Rescan DevicesZFS configuration menu also allows the user to " "enter a pool name, disable forcing 4k sectors, enable or disable encryption, " @@ -5716,7 +5757,7 @@ "單上方的安裝 (>>> Install) 選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4430 +#: book.translate.xml:4442 msgid "" "If GELI disk encryption was enabled, the installer will " "prompt twice for the passphrase to be used to encrypt the disks." @@ -5725,7 +5766,7 @@ "的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4435 +#: book.translate.xml:4447 msgid "Disk Encryption Password" msgstr "磁碟加密密碼" @@ -5734,13 +5775,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4439 +#: book.translate.xml:4451 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-geli_password' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4444 +#: book.translate.xml:4456 msgid "" "The installer then offers a last chance to cancel before the contents of the " "selected drives are destroyed to create the ZFS pool." @@ -5749,7 +5790,7 @@ "ZFS 儲存池的磁碟機。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4449 +#: book.translate.xml:4461 msgid "Last Chance" msgstr "最後修改" @@ -5758,23 +5799,23 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4453 +#: book.translate.xml:4465 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-warning' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4458 +#: book.translate.xml:4470 msgid "The installation then proceeds normally." msgstr "然後安裝程序會正常繼續。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4463 +#: book.translate.xml:4475 msgid "Shell Mode Partitioning" msgstr "Shell 模式磁碟分割" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4465 +#: book.translate.xml:4477 msgid "" "When creating advanced installations, the bsdinstall partitioning menus may not provide the level of flexibility " @@ -5793,12 +5834,12 @@ "bsdinstall 繼續安裝程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:4480 +#: book.translate.xml:4492 msgid "Committing to the Installation" msgstr "確認安裝" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4482 +#: book.translate.xml:4494 msgid "" "Once the disks are configured, the next menu provides the last chance to " "make changes before the selected hard drive(s) are formatted. If changes " @@ -5812,7 +5853,7 @@ "何變更。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4492 +#: book.translate.xml:4504 msgid "Final Confirmation" msgstr "最後確認" @@ -5821,14 +5862,14 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4496 +#: book.translate.xml:4508 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-final-confirmation' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4501 +#: book.translate.xml:4513 msgid "" "To instead start the actual installation, select [ Commit ] and press Enter." @@ -5837,7 +5878,7 @@ "Enter。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4505 +#: book.translate.xml:4517 msgid "" "Installation time will vary depending on the distributions chosen, " "installation media, and speed of the computer. A series of messages will " @@ -5847,7 +5888,7 @@ "訊息會告知目前的進度。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4509 +#: book.translate.xml:4521 msgid "" "First, the installer formats the selected disk(s) and initializes the " "partitions. Next, in the case of a bootonly media, it downloads the selected " @@ -5857,7 +5898,7 @@ "(Boot only) 的媒體則會開始下載選擇的元件：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4514 +#: book.translate.xml:4526 msgid "Fetching Distribution Files" msgstr "取得發行版檔案" @@ -5866,13 +5907,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4518 +#: book.translate.xml:4530 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-distfile-fetching' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4523 +#: book.translate.xml:4535 msgid "" "Next, the integrity of the distribution files is verified to ensure they " "have not been corrupted during download or misread from the installation " @@ -5882,7 +5923,7 @@ "取錯誤造成的損壞：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4528 +#: book.translate.xml:4540 msgid "Verifying Distribution Files" msgstr "檢驗發行版檔案" @@ -5891,19 +5932,19 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4532 +#: book.translate.xml:4544 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-distfile-verifying' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4537 +#: book.translate.xml:4549 msgid "Finally, the verified distribution files are extracted to the disk:" msgstr "最後，檢驗過的發行版檔案會被取出儲存至磁碟：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4541 +#: book.translate.xml:4553 msgid "Extracting Distribution Files" msgstr "解開發行版檔案" @@ -5912,14 +5953,14 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4545 +#: book.translate.xml:4557 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-distfile-extracting' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4550 +#: book.translate.xml:4562 msgid "" "Once all requested distribution files have been extracted, " "bsdinstall displays the first post-installation " @@ -5930,12 +5971,12 @@ "次安裝後設定畫面，可用的安裝後設定選項會在下一節說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:4558 +#: book.translate.xml:4570 msgid "Post-Installation" msgstr "安裝後注意事項" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4560 +#: book.translate.xml:4572 msgid "" "Once FreeBSD is installed, bsdinstall will prompt " "to configure several options before booting into the newly installed system. " @@ -5945,7 +5986,7 @@ "的系統之前提示設定數個選項，本節將介紹這些設定選項。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:4566 +#: book.translate.xml:4578 msgid "" "Once the system has booted, bsdconfig provides a menu-" "driven method for configuring the system using these and additional options." @@ -5955,12 +5996,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4573 book.translate.xml:4584 +#: book.translate.xml:4585 book.translate.xml:4596 msgid "Setting the root Password" msgstr "設定 root 密碼" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4577 +#: book.translate.xml:4589 msgid "" "First, the root password must be " "set. While entering the password, the characters being typed are not " @@ -5976,25 +6017,25 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4588 +#: book.translate.xml:4600 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-post-root-passwd' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4595 +#: book.translate.xml:4607 msgid "Configuring Network Interfaces" msgstr "設定網路介面卡" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4597 +#: book.translate.xml:4609 msgid "" "Next, a list of the network interfaces found on the computer is shown. " "Select the interface to configure." msgstr "接著，會顯示在電腦上找到的網路介面卡清單。請選擇要設定的介面卡。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:4601 +#: book.translate.xml:4613 msgid "" "The network configuration menus will be skipped if the network was " "previously configured as part of a bootonly " @@ -6004,7 +6045,7 @@ "網路設定選單。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4607 +#: book.translate.xml:4619 msgid "Choose a Network Interface" msgstr "選擇網路介面卡" @@ -6013,7 +6054,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4611 +#: book.translate.xml:4623 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface' " @@ -6021,7 +6062,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4616 +#: book.translate.xml:4628 msgid "" "If an Ethernet interface is selected, the installer will skip ahead to the " "menu shown in . If a " @@ -6033,7 +6074,7 @@ "描無線存取點 (Wireless Access Point)：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4622 +#: book.translate.xml:4634 msgid "Scanning for Wireless Access Points" msgstr "掃描無線網路存取點" @@ -6042,14 +6083,14 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4626 +#: book.translate.xml:4638 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-wireless-scan' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4631 +#: book.translate.xml:4643 msgid "" "Wireless networks are identified by a Service Set Identifier (SSID), a short, unique name given to each network. SSIDsWPA2 encryption is strongly recommended " @@ -6100,7 +6141,7 @@ "(PSK)。考量安全性，輸入到輸入框的字元會以星號顯示。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4662 +#: book.translate.xml:4674 msgid "WPA2 Setup" msgstr "WPA2 設定" @@ -6109,7 +6150,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4666 +#: book.translate.xml:4678 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-wireless-wpa2setup' " @@ -6117,7 +6158,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4671 +#: book.translate.xml:4683 msgid "" "Next, choose whether or not an IPv4 address should be " "configured on the Ethernet or wireless interface:" @@ -6126,7 +6167,7 @@ "址：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4676 +#: book.translate.xml:4688 msgid "Choose IPv4 Networking" msgstr "選擇 IPv4 網路" @@ -6135,7 +6176,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4680 +#: book.translate.xml:4692 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv4' " @@ -6143,7 +6184,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4685 +#: book.translate.xml:4697 msgid "" "There are two methods of IPv4 configuration. " "DHCP will automatically configure the network interface " @@ -6156,7 +6197,7 @@ "手動輸入位址的資訊來做靜態設定。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:4693 +#: book.translate.xml:4705 msgid "" "Do not enter random network information as it will not work. If a " "DHCP server is not available, obtain the information " @@ -6168,7 +6209,7 @@ "列於 的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4700 +#: book.translate.xml:4712 msgid "" "If a DHCP server is available, select [ Yes ] in the next menu to automatically configure the network " @@ -6181,7 +6222,7 @@ "acronym> 伺服器並且取得系統的位址資訊時，安裝程式會出現一分鐘左右的停頓。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4708 +#: book.translate.xml:4720 msgid "Choose IPv4 DHCP Configuration" msgstr "選擇 IPv4 DHCP 設定" @@ -6190,7 +6231,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4713 +#: book.translate.xml:4725 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv4-dhcp' " @@ -6198,7 +6239,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4718 +#: book.translate.xml:4730 msgid "" "If a DHCP server is not available, select " "[ No ] and input the following addressing information " @@ -6208,7 +6249,7 @@ "guibutton> 然後在這個選單中輸入以下位址資訊：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4723 +#: book.translate.xml:4735 msgid "IPv4 Static Configuration" msgstr "IPv4 靜態位置設定" @@ -6217,7 +6258,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4727 +#: book.translate.xml:4739 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv4-static' " @@ -6225,7 +6266,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4734 +#: book.translate.xml:4746 msgid "" "IP Address - The IPv4 address assigned " "to this computer. The address must be unique and not already in use by " @@ -6235,12 +6276,12 @@ "acronym> 位址。位址必須獨一無二且不可已被其他在區域網路上的設備使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4741 +#: book.translate.xml:4753 msgid "Subnet Mask - The subnet mask for the network." msgstr "子網路遮罩 (Subnet Mask) - 網路的子網路遮罩。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4746 +#: book.translate.xml:4758 msgid "" "Default Router - The IP address of the " "network's default gateway." @@ -6249,7 +6290,7 @@ "在網段的預設通訊閘。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4752 +#: book.translate.xml:4764 msgid "" "The next screen will ask if the interface should be configured for " "IPv6. If IPv6 is available and " @@ -6259,7 +6300,7 @@ "要使用 IPv6，請選擇 [ Yes ]。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4758 +#: book.translate.xml:4770 msgid "Choose IPv6 Networking" msgstr "選擇 IPv6 網路" @@ -6268,7 +6309,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4762 +#: book.translate.xml:4774 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv6' " @@ -6276,7 +6317,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4767 +#: book.translate.xml:4779 msgid "" "IPv6 also has two methods of configuration. StateLess " "Address AutoConfiguration (SLAAC) will automatically " @@ -6292,7 +6333,7 @@ "則需要手動輸入網路資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4775 +#: book.translate.xml:4787 msgid "" "If an IPv6 router is available, select " "[ Yes ] in the next menu to automatically configure " @@ -6304,7 +6345,7 @@ "的位址資訊時，安裝程式會出現一分鐘左右的停頓。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4782 +#: book.translate.xml:4794 msgid "Choose IPv6 SLAAC Configuration" msgstr "選擇 IPv6 SLAAC 設定" @@ -6313,7 +6354,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4786 +#: book.translate.xml:4798 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-slaac' " @@ -6321,7 +6362,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4791 +#: book.translate.xml:4803 msgid "" "If an IPv6 router is not available, select " "[ No ] and input the following addressing information " @@ -6331,7 +6372,7 @@ "guibutton> 然後在這個選單中輸入以下位址資訊：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4796 +#: book.translate.xml:4808 msgid "IPv6 Static Configuration" msgstr "IPv6 靜態位置設定" @@ -6340,7 +6381,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4800 +#: book.translate.xml:4812 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv6-static' " @@ -6348,7 +6389,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4807 +#: book.translate.xml:4819 msgid "" "IPv6 Address - The IPv6 address " "assigned to this computer. The address must be unique and not already in use " @@ -6359,7 +6400,7 @@ "備使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4814 +#: book.translate.xml:4826 msgid "" "Default Router - The IPv6 address of " "the network's default gateway." @@ -6368,7 +6409,7 @@ "所在網段的預設通訊閘。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4820 +#: book.translate.xml:4832 msgid "" "The last network configuration menu is used to configure the Domain Name " "System (DNS) resolver, which converts hostnames to and " @@ -6391,7 +6432,7 @@ "DNS 伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4834 +#: book.translate.xml:4846 msgid "DNS Configuration" msgstr "DNS 設定" @@ -6400,7 +6441,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4838 +#: book.translate.xml:4850 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-ipv4-dns' " @@ -6408,12 +6449,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4845 +#: book.translate.xml:4857 msgid "Setting the Time Zone" msgstr "設定時區" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4847 +#: book.translate.xml:4859 msgid "" "The next menu asks if the system clock uses UTC or local " "time. When in doubt, select [ No ] to choose the more " @@ -6423,7 +6464,7 @@ "問時可選擇 [ No ]使用更常用的當地時間。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4853 +#: book.translate.xml:4865 msgid "Select Local or UTC Clock" msgstr "選擇本地或 UTC 時鐘" @@ -6432,14 +6473,14 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4857 +#: book.translate.xml:4869 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-set-clock-local-utc' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4862 +#: book.translate.xml:4874 msgid "" "The next series of menus are used to determine the correct local time by " "selecting the geographic region, country, and time zone. Setting the time " @@ -6452,7 +6493,7 @@ "能。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4869 +#: book.translate.xml:4881 msgid "" "The example shown here is for a machine located in the Eastern time zone of " "the United States. The selections will vary according to the geographical " @@ -6460,7 +6501,7 @@ msgstr "此處以位於美國東部時區的機器為例，選擇會依據地理位置不同改變。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4874 +#: book.translate.xml:4886 msgid "Select a Region" msgstr "選擇區域" @@ -6469,20 +6510,20 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4878 +#: book.translate.xml:4890 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-region' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4883 +#: book.translate.xml:4895 msgid "" "The appropriate region is selected using the arrow keys and then pressing " "Enter." msgstr "使用方向鍵選擇適當的區域然後按下 Enter。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4887 +#: book.translate.xml:4899 msgid "Select a Country" msgstr "選擇城市" @@ -6491,20 +6532,20 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4891 +#: book.translate.xml:4903 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-country' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4896 +#: book.translate.xml:4908 msgid "" "Select the appropriate country using the arrow keys and press Enter." msgstr "使用方向鍵選擇適當的城市然後按下 Enter。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4900 +#: book.translate.xml:4912 msgid "Select a Time Zone" msgstr "選擇時區" @@ -6513,20 +6554,20 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4904 +#: book.translate.xml:4916 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-zone' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4909 +#: book.translate.xml:4921 msgid "" "The appropriate time zone is selected using the arrow keys and pressing " "Enter." msgstr "使用方向鍵選擇適當的時區然後按下 Enter。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4913 +#: book.translate.xml:4925 msgid "Confirm Time Zone" msgstr "確認時區" @@ -6535,13 +6576,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4917 +#: book.translate.xml:4929 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-confirm' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4922 +#: book.translate.xml:4934 msgid "" "Confirm the abbreviation for the time zone is correct. If it is, press " "Enter to continue with the post-installation configuration." @@ -6549,12 +6590,12 @@ "確認時區的縮寫是否正確，若正確，按下 Enter 繼續安裝後設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4928 +#: book.translate.xml:4940 msgid "Enabling Services" msgstr "開啟服務" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4930 +#: book.translate.xml:4942 msgid "" "The next menu is used to configure which system services will be started " "whenever the system boots. All of these services are optional. Only start " @@ -6564,7 +6605,7 @@ "開啟系統運作真正需要的服務。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4936 +#: book.translate.xml:4948 msgid "Selecting Additional Services to Enable" msgstr "選擇要開啟的其他服務" @@ -6573,18 +6614,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4940 +#: book.translate.xml:4952 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-services' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4945 +#: book.translate.xml:4957 msgid "Here is a summary of the services which can be enabled in this menu:" msgstr "這是可以在這個選單開啟的服務摘要：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4950 +#: book.translate.xml:4962 msgid "" "sshd - The Secure Shell (SSH) daemon " "is used to remotely access a system over an encrypted connection. Only " @@ -6594,7 +6635,7 @@ "端透過加密的連線存取系統，只有在系統允許遠端登入時開啟這個服務。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4958 +#: book.translate.xml:4970 msgid "" "moused - Enable this service if the mouse will be used " "from the command-line system console." @@ -6603,7 +6644,7 @@ "務。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4964 +#: book.translate.xml:4976 msgid "" "ntpd - The Network Time Protocol (NTP) " "daemon for automatic clock synchronization. Enable this service if there is " @@ -6616,7 +6657,7 @@ "acronym> 伺服器時，可開啟此服務。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4972 +#: book.translate.xml:4984 msgid "" "powerd - System power control utility for power control " "and energy saving." @@ -6624,12 +6665,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4979 book.translate.xml:4987 +#: book.translate.xml:4991 book.translate.xml:4999 msgid "Enabling Crash Dumps" msgstr "開啟當機資訊 (Crash Dump)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4981 +#: book.translate.xml:4993 msgid "" "The next menu is used to configure whether or not crash dumps should be " "enabled. Enabling crash dumps can be useful in debugging issues with the " @@ -6643,18 +6684,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4991 +#: book.translate.xml:5003 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-crashdump' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4998 +#: book.translate.xml:5010 msgid "Add Users" msgstr "新增使用者" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5000 +#: book.translate.xml:5012 msgid "" "The next menu prompts to create at least one user account. It is recommended " "to login to the system using a user account rather than as [ Yes ] to add new users." msgstr "選擇 [ Yes ] 來新增新使用者。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5011 +#: book.translate.xml:5023 msgid "Add User Accounts" msgstr "新增使用者帳號" @@ -6683,13 +6724,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5015 +#: book.translate.xml:5027 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-adduser1' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5020 +#: book.translate.xml:5032 msgid "" "Follow the prompts and input the requested information for the user account. " "The example shown in creates the " @@ -6700,7 +6741,7 @@ "號。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5024 +#: book.translate.xml:5036 msgid "Enter User Information" msgstr "輸入使用者資訊" @@ -6709,18 +6750,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5028 +#: book.translate.xml:5040 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-adduser2' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5033 +#: book.translate.xml:5045 msgid "Here is a summary of the information to input:" msgstr "這裡是要輸入的資訊摘要：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5037 +#: book.translate.xml:5049 msgid "" "Username - The name the user will enter to log in. A " "common convention is to use the first letter of the first name combined with " @@ -6732,7 +6773,7 @@ "區分大小寫且不應含有任何空白字元。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5046 +#: book.translate.xml:5058 msgid "" "Full name - The user's full name. This can contain spaces " "and is used as a description for the user account." @@ -6741,7 +6782,7 @@ "用來描述該使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5052 +#: book.translate.xml:5064 msgid "" "Uid - User ID. Typically, this is left " "blank so the system will assign a value." @@ -6750,7 +6791,7 @@ "統會自動分配一個值。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5058 +#: book.translate.xml:5070 msgid "" "Login group - The user's group. Typically this is left " "blank to accept the default." @@ -6759,7 +6800,7 @@ "來使用預設值。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5063 +#: book.translate.xml:5075 msgid "" "Invite user into other groups? " "- Additional groups to which the user will be added as a member. If the user " @@ -6770,12 +6811,12 @@ "需要管理權限，則在此輸入 wheel。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5071 +#: book.translate.xml:5083 msgid "Login class - Typically left blank for the default." msgstr "登入類別 (Login class) - 通常會留空來使用預設值。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5076 +#: book.translate.xml:5088 msgid "" "Shell - Type in one of the listed values to set the " "interactive shell for the user. Refer to for more " @@ -6785,7 +6826,7 @@ "參考 取得更多有關 Shell 的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5083 +#: book.translate.xml:5095 msgid "" "Home directory - The user's home directory. The default " "is usually correct." @@ -6794,7 +6835,7 @@ "問題的。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5088 +#: book.translate.xml:5100 msgid "" "Home directory permissions - Permissions on the user's " "home directory. The default is usually correct." @@ -6803,7 +6844,7 @@ "限，預設值通常是沒有問題的。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5094 +#: book.translate.xml:5106 msgid "" "Use password-based authentication? - Typically " "yes so that the user is prompted to input their password " @@ -6813,7 +6854,7 @@ "literal>) - 通常為是 (yes)，使用者才可於登入時輸入密碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5100 +#: book.translate.xml:5112 msgid "" "Use an empty password? - Typically no " "as it is insecure to have a blank password." @@ -6822,7 +6863,7 @@ "(no)，因為使用空白密碼並不安全。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5106 +#: book.translate.xml:5118 msgid "" "Use a random password? - Typically no " "so that the user can set their own password in the next prompt." @@ -6831,7 +6872,7 @@ "(no)，這樣使用者接下來才可設定自己的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5112 +#: book.translate.xml:5124 msgid "" "Enter password - The password for this user. Characters " "typed will not show on the screen." @@ -6840,7 +6881,7 @@ "會顯示在畫面上。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5118 +#: book.translate.xml:5130 msgid "" "Enter password again - The password must be typed again " "for verification." @@ -6849,7 +6890,7 @@ "認無誤。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5123 +#: book.translate.xml:5135 msgid "" "Lock out the account after creation? - Typically " "no so that the user can login." @@ -6858,7 +6899,7 @@ "literal>) - 通常為否 (no)，這樣使用者才可以登入。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5129 +#: book.translate.xml:5141 msgid "" "After entering everything, a summary is shown for review. If a mistake was " "made, enter no and try again. If everything is correct, " @@ -6869,7 +6910,7 @@ "literal>) 以後便會建立新使用者。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5135 +#: book.translate.xml:5147 msgid "Exit User and Group Management" msgstr "離開使用者與群組管理" @@ -6878,13 +6919,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5139 +#: book.translate.xml:5151 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-adduser3' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5144 +#: book.translate.xml:5156 msgid "" "If there are more users to add, answer the Add another user? question with yes. Enter no " @@ -6895,7 +6936,7 @@ "literal>) 來完成加入使用者然後繼續安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5149 +#: book.translate.xml:5161 msgid "" "For more information on adding users and user management, see ." @@ -6905,12 +6946,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5154 book.translate.xml:5160 +#: book.translate.xml:5166 book.translate.xml:5172 msgid "Final Configuration" msgstr "最後設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5156 +#: book.translate.xml:5168 msgid "" "After everything has been installed and configured, a final chance is " "provided to modify settings." @@ -6921,21 +6962,21 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5164 +#: book.translate.xml:5176 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-finalconfiguration' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5169 +#: book.translate.xml:5181 msgid "" "Use this menu to make any changes or do any additional configuration before " "completing the installation." msgstr "使用這個選單在完成安裝前做任何更改或做任何額外的設定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5174 +#: book.translate.xml:5186 msgid "" "Add User - Described in ." @@ -6944,7 +6985,7 @@ "addusers\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5178 +#: book.translate.xml:5190 msgid "" "Root Password - Described in ." @@ -6953,7 +6994,7 @@ "\"bsdinstall-post-root\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5182 +#: book.translate.xml:5194 msgid "" "Hostname - Described in ." @@ -6962,7 +7003,7 @@ "hostname\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5186 +#: book.translate.xml:5198 msgid "" "Network - Described in ." @@ -6971,7 +7012,7 @@ "network-dev\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5190 +#: book.translate.xml:5202 msgid "" "Services - Described in ." @@ -6980,7 +7021,7 @@ "sysconf\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5194 +#: book.translate.xml:5206 msgid "" "Time Zone - Described in ." @@ -6989,13 +7030,13 @@ "timezone\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5198 +#: book.translate.xml:5210 msgid "" "Handbook - Download and install the FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "使用手冊 (Handbook) - 下載並安裝 FreeBSD 使用手冊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5203 +#: book.translate.xml:5215 msgid "" "After any final configuration is complete, select Exit." @@ -7003,7 +7044,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: figure/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5207 book.translate.xml:11437 +#: book.translate.xml:5219 book.translate.xml:11496 msgid "Manual Configuration" msgstr "手動設定" @@ -7012,7 +7053,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5211 +#: book.translate.xml:5223 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-final-modification-shell' " @@ -7020,7 +7061,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5216 +#: book.translate.xml:5228 msgid "" "bsdinstall will prompt if there are any " "additional configuration that needs to be done before rebooting into the new " @@ -7033,7 +7074,7 @@ "的 Shell 或 [ No ] 繼續最後的安裝步驟。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5225 +#: book.translate.xml:5237 msgid "Complete the Installation" msgstr "完成安裝" @@ -7042,13 +7083,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5229 +#: book.translate.xml:5241 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-mainexit' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5234 +#: book.translate.xml:5246 msgid "" "If further configuration or special setup is needed, select " "[ Live CD ] to boot the install media into Live " @@ -7058,7 +7099,7 @@ "進入安裝媒體的 Live CD 模式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5239 +#: book.translate.xml:5251 msgid "" "If the installation is complete, select [ Reboot ] to " "reboot the computer and start the new FreeBSD system. Do not forget to " @@ -7069,7 +7110,7 @@ "式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5245 +#: book.translate.xml:5257 msgid "" "As FreeBSD boots, informational messages are displayed. After the system " "finishes booting, a login prompt is displayed. At the login: 來取得當需要管理權限時如何成為超級使用者的說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5254 +#: book.translate.xml:5266 msgid "" "The messages that appeared during boot can be reviewed by pressing " "Scroll-Lock to turn on the scroll-back buffer. The " @@ -7103,7 +7144,7 @@ "列。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5266 +#: book.translate.xml:5278 msgid "" "If sshd was enabled in , the first boot may be a bit slower as the system will " @@ -7117,7 +7158,7 @@ "(Fingerprint)，如這個範例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5272 +#: book.translate.xml:5284 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Generating public/private rsa1 key pair.\n" @@ -7158,7 +7199,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5308 +#: book.translate.xml:5320 msgid "" "Refer to for more information about fingerprints " "and SSH." @@ -7167,7 +7208,7 @@ "acronym> 的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5311 +#: book.translate.xml:5323 msgid "" "FreeBSD does not install a graphical environment by default. Refer to for more information about installing and configuring a " @@ -7177,7 +7218,7 @@ "與設定圖型化視窗管理程式的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5315 +#: book.translate.xml:5327 msgid "" "Proper shutdown of a FreeBSD computer helps protect data and hardware from " "damage. Do not turn off the power before the system has been " @@ -7198,27 +7239,27 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:5328 book.translate.xml:12392 book.translate.xml:15017 -#: book.translate.xml:20188 book.translate.xml:35340 book.translate.xml:36110 -#: book.translate.xml:48043 book.translate.xml:51289 book.translate.xml:61155 -#: book.translate.xml:62815 book.translate.xml:63538 +#: book.translate.xml:5340 book.translate.xml:12455 book.translate.xml:15126 +#: book.translate.xml:20296 book.translate.xml:35453 book.translate.xml:36223 +#: book.translate.xml:43361 book.translate.xml:48283 book.translate.xml:51529 +#: book.translate.xml:62189 book.translate.xml:63870 book.translate.xml:64608 msgid "Troubleshooting" msgstr "疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5330 +#: book.translate.xml:5342 msgid "installation troubleshooting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5334 +#: book.translate.xml:5346 msgid "" "This section covers basic installation troubleshooting, such as common " "problems people have reported." msgstr "本節涵蓋基礎的安裝疑難排解，例如一些已有人回報的常見問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5338 +#: book.translate.xml:5350 msgid "" "Check the Hardware Notes (https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html) document " @@ -7242,7 +7283,7 @@ "訴 FreeBSD 到那找到這些裝置。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:5352 +#: book.translate.xml:5364 msgid "" "Some installation problems can be avoided or alleviated by updating the " "firmware on various hardware components, most notably the motherboard. " @@ -7255,17 +7296,19 @@ "得升級程式與升級資訊。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:5359 +#: book.translate.xml:5371 msgid "" "Manufacturers generally advise against upgrading the motherboard " "BIOS unless there is a good reason for doing so, like a " "critical update. The upgrade process can go wrong, " "leaving the BIOS incomplete and the computer inoperative." msgstr "" -"製造商通常會建議若沒有特殊原因盡量避免升級主機板 BIOS" +"製造商通常會建議若沒有特殊原因盡量避免升級主機板 BIOS，例" +"如：重大更新，升級的程多可能會出錯，導致未更新完成的 " +"BIOS 並讓電腦無法運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5367 +#: book.translate.xml:5379 msgid "" "If the system hangs while probing hardware during boot, or it behaves " "strangely during install, ACPI may be the culprit. " @@ -7285,13 +7328,13 @@ "disabled Hint 來關閉 ACPI：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5379 +#: book.translate.xml:5391 #, no-wrap msgid "set hint.acpi.0.disabled=\"1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5381 +#: book.translate.xml:5393 msgid "" "This is reset each time the system is booted, so it is necessary to add " "hint.acpi.0.disabled=\"1\" to the file /boot/" @@ -7303,12 +7346,12 @@ "機載入程式的資訊可於 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:5388 +#: book.translate.xml:5400 msgid "Using the Live CD" msgstr "使用 Live CD" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5390 +#: book.translate.xml:5402 msgid "" "The welcome menu of bsdinstall, shown in , provides a [ Live CD ][ Live CD ]:" msgstr "在使用 [ Live CD ] 之前必須注意以下幾點事項：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5402 +#: book.translate.xml:5414 msgid "" "To gain access to the system, authentication is required. The username is " "root and the password is blank." @@ -7338,25 +7381,25 @@ "\">root 而密碼則是空白。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5408 +#: book.translate.xml:5420 msgid "" "As the system runs directly from the installation media, performance will be " "significantly slower than that of a system installed on a hard disk." msgstr "系統是直接從安裝媒體上執行，比起安裝到硬碟的系統，效能可能較差。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5414 +#: book.translate.xml:5426 msgid "" "This option only provides a command prompt and not a graphical interface." msgstr "這個選項只提供指令提示，不會有圖型化介面。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:5439 +#: book.translate.xml:5451 msgid "FreeBSD Basics" msgstr "FreeBSD 基礎" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5444 +#: book.translate.xml:5456 msgid "" "This chapter covers the basic commands and functionality of the FreeBSD " "operating system. Much of this material is relevant for any UNIX file permissions and " "FreeBSD file flags work." @@ -7388,68 +7431,68 @@ "記的運作方式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5467 +#: book.translate.xml:5479 msgid "The default FreeBSD file system layout." msgstr "預設的 FreeBSD 檔案系統配置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5471 +#: book.translate.xml:5483 msgid "The FreeBSD disk organization." msgstr "FreeBSD 的磁碟組織。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5475 +#: book.translate.xml:5487 msgid "How to mount and unmount file systems." msgstr "如何掛載 (Mount)、卸載 (Umount) 檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5479 +#: book.translate.xml:5491 msgid "What processes, daemons, and signals are." msgstr "什麼是程序、Daemon 以及信號 (Signal)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5483 +#: book.translate.xml:5495 msgid "What a shell is, and how to change the default login environment." msgstr "什麼是 Shell，以及如何變更您預設的登入環境。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5488 +#: book.translate.xml:5500 msgid "How to use basic text editors." msgstr "如何使用基本的文字編輯器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5492 +#: book.translate.xml:5504 msgid "What devices and device nodes are." msgstr "什麼是裝置 (Device) 和裝置節點 (Device node)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5496 +#: book.translate.xml:5508 msgid "How to read manual pages for more information." msgstr "如何閱讀操作手冊以獲得更多的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:5502 +#: book.translate.xml:5514 msgid "Virtual Consoles and Terminals" msgstr "虛擬 Console 與終端機" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5504 +#: book.translate.xml:5516 msgid "virtual consoles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5507 book.translate.xml:47334 +#: book.translate.xml:5519 book.translate.xml:47574 msgid "terminals" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5510 book.translate.xml:23163 +#: book.translate.xml:5522 book.translate.xml:23271 msgid "console" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5514 +#: book.translate.xml:5526 msgid "" "Unless FreeBSD has been configured to automatically start a graphical " "environment during startup, the system will boot into a command line login " @@ -7459,7 +7502,7 @@ "是這樣的東西：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5519 +#: book.translate.xml:5531 #, no-wrap msgid "" "FreeBSD/amd64 (pc3.example.org) (ttyv0)\n" @@ -7468,7 +7511,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5523 +#: book.translate.xml:5535 msgid "" "The first line contains some information about the system. The " "amd64 indicates that the system in this example is " @@ -7482,7 +7525,7 @@ "quote>。第二行則是登人的提示訊息。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5531 +#: book.translate.xml:5543 msgid "" "Since FreeBSD is a multiuser system, it needs some way to distinguish " "between different users. This is accomplished by requiring every user to log " @@ -7496,7 +7539,7 @@ "(password)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5538 +#: book.translate.xml:5550 msgid "" "To log into the system console, type the username that was configured during " "system installation, as described in 在畫面上。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5546 +#: book.translate.xml:5558 msgid "" "Once the correct password is input, the message of the day (MOTD) will be displayed followed by a command prompt. Depending upon the " @@ -7526,12 +7569,12 @@ "Console 且已經準備好可以下指令。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5556 +#: book.translate.xml:5568 msgid "Virtual Consoles" msgstr "虛擬 Console" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5558 +#: book.translate.xml:5570 msgid "" "While the system console can be used to interact with the system, a user " "working from the command line at the keyboard of a FreeBSD system will " @@ -7545,7 +7588,7 @@ "這些訊些會在使用者作業的過程中不斷出現，讓使用者難以專心作業。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5567 +#: book.translate.xml:5579 msgid "" "By default, FreeBSD is configured to provide several virtual consoles for " "inputting commands. Each virtual console has its own login prompt and shell " @@ -7558,7 +7601,7 @@ "於圖型化環境中可以同時開啟多個視窗的功能。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5574 +#: book.translate.xml:5586 msgid "" "The key combinations AltF1 through AltF8AltF2 to access the " "first virtual console (ttyv1), AltF3 to access the second virtual console " -"(ttyv2), and so on." +"(ttyv2), and so on. When using Xorg as a graphical console, the combination becomes " +"CtrlAltF1 to " +"return to a text-based virtual console." msgstr "" "組合鍵 AltF1 至 " "AltF8 被 FreeBSD 保留" @@ -7577,10 +7623,13 @@ "AltF2 可存取第一個虛" "擬 Console (ttyv1)，AltF3 可存取第二個虛擬 Console " -"(ttyv2)，以此類推。" +"(ttyv2)，以此類推。當使用 Xorg 作為圖型化 Console 時，組合鍵則改使用 CtrlAltF1 來切換回文字介面的" +"虛擬 Console。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5590 +#: book.translate.xml:5606 msgid "" "When switching from one console to the next, FreeBSD manages the screen " "output. The result is an illusion of having multiple virtual screens and " @@ -7593,7 +7642,7 @@ "Console 上執行的程式並不會因為使用者切到別的 Console 而停止執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5597 +#: book.translate.xml:5613 msgid "" "Refer to kbdcontrol1, " @@ -7615,7 +7664,7 @@ "citerefentry> 來取得更多有關 FreeBSD Console 及鍵盤驅動程式的技術說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5602 +#: book.translate.xml:5618 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, the number of available virtual consoles is configured in this " "section of /etc/ttys:" @@ -7624,7 +7673,7 @@ "列章節：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5606 +#: book.translate.xml:5622 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# name getty type status comments\n" @@ -7642,7 +7691,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5620 +#: book.translate.xml:5636 msgid "" "To disable a virtual console, put a comment symbol (#) at " "the beginning of the line representing that virtual console. For example, to " @@ -7664,7 +7713,7 @@ "個虛擬 Console (ttyv8)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5634 +#: book.translate.xml:5650 msgid "" "For a detailed description of every column in this file and the available " "options for the virtual consoles, refer to " @@ -7675,12 +7724,12 @@ "refentrytitle>5 說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5640 +#: book.translate.xml:5656 msgid "Single User Mode" msgstr "單使用者模式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5642 +#: book.translate.xml:5658 msgid "" "The FreeBSD boot menu provides an option labelled as Boot Single " "User. If this option is selected, the system will boot into a " @@ -7705,7 +7754,7 @@ "鍵盤的人員。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5658 +#: book.translate.xml:5674 msgid "" "The settings which control single user mode are found in this section of " "/etc/ttys:" @@ -7714,7 +7763,7 @@ "到：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5661 +#: book.translate.xml:5677 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# name getty type status comments\n" @@ -7725,7 +7774,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5667 +#: book.translate.xml:5683 msgid "" "By default, the status is set to secure. This assumes " "that who has physical access to the keyboard is either not important or it " @@ -7744,7 +7793,7 @@ "碼。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:5679 +#: book.translate.xml:5695 msgid "" "Be careful when changing this setting to insecure! If the root " @@ -7757,12 +7806,12 @@ "有其他辦法可以登入單使用者模式，只是對不熟 FreeBSD 開機程序的人可就麻煩了。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5689 +#: book.translate.xml:5705 msgid "Changing Console Video Modes" msgstr "更改 Console 影像模式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5691 +#: book.translate.xml:5707 msgid "" "The FreeBSD console default video mode may be adjusted to 1024x768, " "1280x1024, or any other size supported by the graphics chip and monitor. To " @@ -7773,13 +7822,13 @@ "組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5696 +#: book.translate.xml:5712 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload vesa" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5698 +#: book.translate.xml:5714 msgid "" "To determine which video modes are supported by the hardware, use " "vidcontrol1# vidcontrol -i mode" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5704 +#: book.translate.xml:5720 msgid "" "The output of this command lists the video modes that are supported by the " "hardware. To select a new video mode, specify the mode using " @@ -7811,13 +7860,13 @@ "manvolnum> 指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5709 +#: book.translate.xml:5725 #, no-wrap msgid "# vidcontrol MODE_279" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5711 +#: book.translate.xml:5727 msgid "" "If the new video mode is acceptable, it can be permanently set on boot by " "adding it to /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -7826,18 +7875,18 @@ "次重開機後會自動生效：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5715 +#: book.translate.xml:5731 #, no-wrap msgid "allscreens_flags=\"MODE_279\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:5732 +#: book.translate.xml:5748 msgid "Users and Basic Account Management" msgstr "使用者與基礎帳號管理" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5734 +#: book.translate.xml:5750 msgid "" "FreeBSD allows multiple users to use the computer at the same time. While " "only one user can sit in front of the screen and use the keyboard at any one " @@ -7849,39 +7898,39 @@ "用者應有自己的帳號。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5740 +#: book.translate.xml:5756 msgid "This chapter describes:" -msgstr "本章介紹︰" +msgstr "本章介紹：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5744 +#: book.translate.xml:5760 msgid "The different types of user accounts on a FreeBSD system." msgstr "FreeBSD 系統中各種類型的使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5749 +#: book.translate.xml:5765 msgid "How to add, remove, and modify user accounts." msgstr "如何加入、移除與修改使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5753 +#: book.translate.xml:5769 msgid "" "How to set limits to control the resources that users and groups are allowed " "to access." msgstr "如何設定用來控制使用者與群組允許存取的資源的限制。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5759 +#: book.translate.xml:5775 msgid "How to create groups and add users as members of a group." msgstr "如何建立群組與加入使用者作為群組成員。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5765 +#: book.translate.xml:5781 msgid "Account Types" msgstr "帳號類型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5767 +#: book.translate.xml:5783 msgid "" "Since all access to the FreeBSD system is achieved using accounts and all " "processes are run by users, user and account management is important." @@ -7890,24 +7939,24 @@ "者來執行，因此使用者帳號管理非常重要。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5771 +#: book.translate.xml:5787 msgid "" "There are three main types of accounts: system accounts, user accounts, and " "the superuser account." msgstr "有三種主要類型的帳號：系統帳號、使用者帳號以及超級使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:5775 +#: book.translate.xml:5791 msgid "System Accounts" msgstr "系統帳號" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5777 +#: book.translate.xml:5793 msgid "accounts system" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5782 +#: book.translate.xml:5798 msgid "" "System accounts are used to run services such as DNS, mail, and web servers. " "The reason for this is security; if all services ran as the superuser, they " @@ -7917,21 +7966,21 @@ "若所有的服務均以超級使用者來執行，那麼這些服務的運作將不會受到限制。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5787 +#: book.translate.xml:5803 msgid "" "accounts daemon" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5791 +#: book.translate.xml:5807 msgid "" "accounts operator" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5796 +#: book.translate.xml:5812 msgid "" "Examples of system accounts are daemon, operator, " @@ -7945,14 +7994,14 @@ "systemitem>, and www。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5803 +#: book.translate.xml:5819 msgid "" "accounts nobody" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5808 +#: book.translate.xml:5824 msgid "" "nobody is the generic " "unprivileged system account. However, the more services that use accounts user" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5824 +#: book.translate.xml:5840 msgid "" "User accounts are assigned to real people and are used to log in and use the " "system. Every person accessing the system should have a unique user account. " @@ -7988,7 +8037,7 @@ "的設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5830 +#: book.translate.xml:5846 msgid "" "Each user can set up their own environment to accommodate their use of the " "system, by configuring their default shell, editor, key bindings, and " @@ -7998,19 +8047,19 @@ "編輯器、組合鍵 (Key Binding) 及語言設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5835 +#: book.translate.xml:5851 msgid "" "Every user account on a FreeBSD system has certain information associated " "with it:" msgstr "每個在 FreeBSD 系統的使用者帳號都會有一些相關的資訊：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5840 +#: book.translate.xml:5856 msgid "User name" msgstr "使用者名稱 (User name)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5843 +#: book.translate.xml:5859 msgid "" "The user name is typed at the login: prompt. Each user must " "have a unique user name. There are a number of rules for creating valid user " @@ -8026,22 +8075,22 @@ "元以向下相容應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5855 +#: book.translate.xml:5871 msgid "Password" msgstr "密碼 (Password)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5858 +#: book.translate.xml:5874 msgid "Each account has an associated password." msgstr "每個帳號都會有密碼。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5863 +#: book.translate.xml:5879 msgid "User ID (UID)" msgstr "使用者 ID (UID)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5866 +#: book.translate.xml:5882 msgid "" "The User ID (UID) is a number used to uniquely identify " "the user to the FreeBSD system. Commands that allow a user name to be " @@ -8055,12 +8104,12 @@ "體的相容性問題。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5877 +#: book.translate.xml:5893 msgid "Group ID (GID)" msgstr "群組 ID (GID)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5880 +#: book.translate.xml:5896 msgid "" "The Group ID (GID) is a number used to uniquely identify " "the primary group that the user belongs to. Groups are a mechanism for " @@ -8077,12 +8126,12 @@ "的 GID 可能會讓部份軟體無法運作。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5894 +#: book.translate.xml:5910 msgid "Login class" msgstr "登入類別 (Login class)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5897 +#: book.translate.xml:5913 msgid "" "Login classes are an extension to the group mechanism that provide " "additional flexibility when tailoring the system to different users. Login " @@ -8092,12 +8141,12 @@ "的彈性。在 有對登入類別更進一步的討論。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5906 +#: book.translate.xml:5922 msgid "Password change time" msgstr "密碼更改時間 (Password change time)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5909 +#: book.translate.xml:5925 msgid "" "By default, passwords do not expire. However, password expiration can be " "enabled on a per-user basis, forcing some or all users to change their " @@ -8107,12 +8156,12 @@ "或所有使用者在某段期間過後更改他們的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5918 +#: book.translate.xml:5934 msgid "Account expiration time" msgstr "帳號到期時間 (Account expiration time)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5921 +#: book.translate.xml:5937 msgid "" "By default, FreeBSD does not expire accounts. When creating accounts that " "need a limited lifespan, such as student accounts in a school, specify the " @@ -8127,12 +8176,12 @@ "期日期過後，便無法使用該帳號登入到系統，儘管該帳號的目錄及檔案仍存在。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5932 +#: book.translate.xml:5948 msgid "User's full name" msgstr "使用者的全名 (User's full name)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5935 +#: book.translate.xml:5951 msgid "" "The user name uniquely identifies the account to FreeBSD, but does not " "necessarily reflect the user's real name. Similar to a comment, this " @@ -8143,12 +8192,12 @@ "名。類似註解，這個資訊可以含有空白、大寫字元並可超過 8 個字母的長度。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5944 +#: book.translate.xml:5960 msgid "Home directory" msgstr "家目錄 (Home directory)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5947 +#: book.translate.xml:5963 msgid "" "The home directory is the full path to a directory on the system. This is " "the user's starting directory when the user logs in. A common convention is " @@ -8163,12 +8212,12 @@ "filename>。每位使用者可以儲存他們的個人檔案及子目錄於他們自己的家目錄。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5958 +#: book.translate.xml:5974 msgid "User shell" msgstr "使用者 Shell (User shell)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5961 +#: book.translate.xml:5977 msgid "" "The shell provides the user's default environment for interacting with the " "system. There are many different kinds of shells and experienced users will " @@ -8178,17 +8227,17 @@ "用者會有自己偏好的選擇，可儲存在自己的帳號設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:5972 +#: book.translate.xml:5988 msgid "The Superuser Account" msgstr "超級使用者帳號" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5974 +#: book.translate.xml:5990 msgid "accounts superuser (root)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5979 +#: book.translate.xml:5995 msgid "" "The superuser account, usually called root, is used to manage the system with no limitations on privileges. " @@ -8200,7 +8249,7 @@ "如：寄信與收信、系統的一般探索或程式設計。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5986 +#: book.translate.xml:6002 msgid "" "The superuser, unlike other user accounts, can operate without limits, and " "misuse of the superuser account may result in spectacular disasters. User " @@ -8213,7 +8262,7 @@ "登入一般使用者帳號，只有在指令需要額外權限時切換為超級使用者。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5994 +#: book.translate.xml:6010 msgid "" "Always double and triple-check any commands issued as the superuser, since " "an extra space or missing character can mean irreparable data loss." @@ -8222,7 +8271,7 @@ "著無法挽回的資料遺失。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5998 +#: book.translate.xml:6014 msgid "" "There are several ways to gain superuser privilege. While one can log in as " "root, this is highly discouraged." @@ -8231,7 +8280,7 @@ "\"username\">root，但強烈不建議這樣做。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6003 +#: book.translate.xml:6019 msgid "" "Instead, use su1 to become the superuser. If - " @@ -8249,7 +8298,7 @@ "的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6013 +#: book.translate.xml:6029 msgid "" "In this example, the user only becomes superuser in order to run " "make install as this step requires superuser privilege. " @@ -8261,12 +8310,12 @@ "exit 離開超級使用者帳號並返回他的使用者帳號權限。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6021 +#: book.translate.xml:6037 msgid "Install a Program As the Superuser" msgstr "以超級使用者的身份安裝程式" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6023 +#: book.translate.xml:6039 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% configure\n" @@ -8279,7 +8328,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6032 +#: book.translate.xml:6048 msgid "" "The built-in su1 framework works well for single systems or small " @@ -8294,17 +8343,17 @@ "體提供了活動記錄且允許管理者設定那個使用者可以用超級使用者執行那個指令。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:6043 +#: book.translate.xml:6059 msgid "Managing Accounts" msgstr "管理帳號" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6045 +#: book.translate.xml:6061 msgid "accounts modifying" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6050 +#: book.translate.xml:6066 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides a variety of different commands to manage user accounts. " "The most common commands are summarized in adduser8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6072 +#: book.translate.xml:6088 msgid "The recommended command-line application for adding new users." msgstr "建議用來新增新使用者的指令列應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6077 +#: book.translate.xml:6093 msgid "" "rmuser8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6078 +#: book.translate.xml:6094 msgid "The recommended command-line application for removing users." msgstr "建議用來移除使用者的指令列應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6083 +#: book.translate.xml:6099 msgid "" "chpass1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6084 +#: book.translate.xml:6100 msgid "A flexible tool for changing user database information." msgstr "用來更改使用者資料庫資訊的工具。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6089 +#: book.translate.xml:6105 msgid "" "passwd1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6090 +#: book.translate.xml:6106 msgid "The command-line tool to change user passwords." msgstr "用來更改使用者密碼的指令列工具。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6095 +#: book.translate.xml:6111 msgid "" "pw8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6096 +#: book.translate.xml:6112 msgid "" "A powerful and flexible tool for modifying all aspects of user accounts." msgstr "用來修改使用者帳號各方面資訊強大且靈活的工具。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6104 +#: book.translate.xml:6120 msgid "adduser" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6106 +#: book.translate.xml:6122 msgid "accounts adding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6110 book.translate.xml:43534 +#: book.translate.xml:6126 book.translate.xml:43770 msgid "adduser" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6113 +#: book.translate.xml:6129 msgid "/usr/share/skel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6116 +#: book.translate.xml:6132 msgid "skeleton directory" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6120 +#: book.translate.xml:6136 msgid "" "The recommended program for adding new users is " "adduser8adduser8 utility is interactive and walks through the steps " @@ -8461,12 +8510,12 @@ "離開。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6142 +#: book.translate.xml:6158 msgid "Adding a User on FreeBSD" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 新增使用者" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6144 +#: book.translate.xml:6160 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# adduser\n" @@ -8502,29 +8551,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:6177 +#: book.translate.xml:6193 msgid "" "Since the password is not echoed when typed, be careful to not mistype the " "password when creating the user account." msgstr "由於密碼在輸入時並不會顯示，在建立使用者帳號時要小心密碼不要輸入錯誤。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6184 +#: book.translate.xml:6200 msgid "rmuser" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6186 +#: book.translate.xml:6202 msgid "rmuser" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6189 +#: book.translate.xml:6205 msgid "accounts removing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6194 +#: book.translate.xml:6210 msgid "" "To completely remove a user from the system, run " "rmuser8。這個指令會執行以下步驟：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6200 +#: book.translate.xml:6216 msgid "" "Removes the user's crontab1 entry, if one exists." @@ -8544,7 +8593,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1 項目，若項目存在。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6205 +#: book.translate.xml:6221 msgid "" "Removes any at1 jobs belonging to the user." @@ -8553,30 +8602,30 @@ "refentrytitle>1 工作。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6210 +#: book.translate.xml:6226 msgid "Kills all processes owned by the user." msgstr "中止所有該使用者擁有的程序。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6214 +#: book.translate.xml:6230 msgid "Removes the user from the system's local password file." msgstr "自系統本地密碼檔移除該使用者。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6219 +#: book.translate.xml:6235 msgid "" "Optionally removes the user's home directory, if it is owned by the user." msgstr "選擇性移除該使用者的家目錄，若使用者擁有該目錄。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6224 +#: book.translate.xml:6240 msgid "" "Removes the incoming mail files belonging to the user from /var/" "mail." msgstr "自 /var/mail 移除屬於該使用者的收件郵件檔。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6229 +#: book.translate.xml:6245 msgid "" "Removes all files owned by the user from temporary file storage areas such " "as /tmp." @@ -8584,7 +8633,7 @@ "自暫存檔儲存區域 (如 /tmp) 移除所有使用者擁有的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6235 +#: book.translate.xml:6251 msgid "" "Finally, removes the username from all groups to which it belongs in " "/etc/group. If a group becomes empty and the group name " @@ -8598,7 +8647,7 @@ "manvolnum> 替每位使用者建立獨一無二的群組。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6244 +#: book.translate.xml:6260 msgid "" "rmuser8 cannot be used to remove superuser accounts since that is " @@ -8608,18 +8657,18 @@ "citerefentry> 無法用來移除超級使用者帳號，因為這幾乎代表著大規模破壞。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6248 +#: book.translate.xml:6264 msgid "" "By default, an interactive mode is used, as shown in the following example." msgstr "預設會使用互動式模式，如下範例所示。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6252 +#: book.translate.xml:6268 msgid "rmuser Interactive Account Removal" msgstr "rmuser 互動式帳號移除" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6255 +#: book.translate.xml:6271 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# rmuser jru\n" @@ -8632,17 +8681,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6266 +#: book.translate.xml:6282 msgid "chpass" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6268 +#: book.translate.xml:6284 msgid "chpass" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6272 +#: book.translate.xml:6288 msgid "" "Any user can use chpass1 to change their " @@ -8656,7 +8705,7 @@ "者的其他帳號資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6277 +#: book.translate.xml:6293 msgid "" "When passed no options, aside from an optional username, " "chpass1, the superuser has typed " "chpass jru and is now viewing the fields that can be " @@ -8692,12 +8741,12 @@ "個欄位供編輯，如 所示。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6297 +#: book.translate.xml:6313 msgid "Using chpass as Superuser" msgstr "以超級使用者的身份使用 chpass" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6300 +#: book.translate.xml:6316 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#Changing user database information for jru.\n" @@ -8718,12 +8767,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6318 +#: book.translate.xml:6334 msgid "Using chpass as Regular User" msgstr "以一般使用者的身份使用 chpass" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6321 +#: book.translate.xml:6337 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#Changing user database information for jru.\n" @@ -8736,7 +8785,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:6331 +#: book.translate.xml:6347 msgid "" "The commands chfn1 and chsh 中有說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6341 +#: book.translate.xml:6357 msgid "passwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6343 +#: book.translate.xml:6359 msgid "passwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6346 +#: book.translate.xml:6362 msgid "accounts changing password" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6351 +#: book.translate.xml:6367 msgid "" "Any user can easily change their password using " "passwd1passwd1 更改自己的密碼。要避免" -"意外或未授權的變更，這個指令在設定新密碼之前會提示使用者輸入原來的密碼。" +"意外或未授權的變更，這個指令在設定新密碼之前會提示使用者輸入原來的密碼：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6357 +#: book.translate.xml:6373 msgid "Changing Your Password" msgstr "更改您的密碼" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6359 +#: book.translate.xml:6375 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% passwd\n" @@ -8810,7 +8859,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6368 +#: book.translate.xml:6384 msgid "" "The superuser can change any user's password by specifying the username when " "running passwd1# passwd jru\n" @@ -8841,7 +8890,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:6388 +#: book.translate.xml:6404 msgid "" "As with chpass1, yppasswd，因此 NIS 在兩個指令上皆可運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6395 +#: book.translate.xml:6411 msgid "pw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6397 book.translate.xml:43557 +#: book.translate.xml:6413 book.translate.xml:43793 msgid "pw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6401 +#: book.translate.xml:6417 msgid "" "The pw8 utility can create, remove, modify, and display users and " @@ -8885,27 +8934,27 @@ "本節的指令要複雜許多。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:6412 +#: book.translate.xml:6428 msgid "Managing Groups" msgstr "管理群組" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6414 +#: book.translate.xml:6430 msgid "groups" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6417 +#: book.translate.xml:6433 msgid "/etc/groups" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6420 +#: book.translate.xml:6436 msgid "accounts groups" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6425 +#: book.translate.xml:6441 msgid "" "A group is a list of users. A group is identified by its group name and " "GID. In FreeBSD, the kernel uses the UIDGID mapping is listed in /etc/" "group. This is a plain text file with four colon-delimited " @@ -8937,7 +8986,7 @@ "citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6440 +#: book.translate.xml:6456 msgid "" "The superuser can modify /etc/group using a text " "editor. Alternatively, pwteamtwo 的群組然後確認該群組已新增：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6447 +#: book.translate.xml:6463 msgid "" "Adding a Group Using pw8" @@ -8960,7 +9009,7 @@ "manvolnum> 新增群組" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6449 +#: book.translate.xml:6465 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pw groupadd teamtwo\n" @@ -8969,7 +9018,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6454 +#: book.translate.xml:6470 msgid "" "In this example, 1100 is the GID of " "teamtwo. Right now, teamtwo 的成員。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6463 +#: book.translate.xml:6479 msgid "" "Adding User Accounts to a New Group Using pw8" @@ -8993,7 +9042,7 @@ "manvolnum> 加入使用者帳號到新的群組" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6466 +#: book.translate.xml:6482 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pw groupmod teamtwo -M jru\n" @@ -9002,7 +9051,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6471 +#: book.translate.xml:6487 msgid "" "The argument to is a comma-delimited list of users to be " "added to a new (empty) group or to replace the members of an existing group. " @@ -9029,7 +9078,7 @@ "filename> 且不會嘗試自 /etc/passwd 讀取其他的資料。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6485 +#: book.translate.xml:6501 msgid "" "Adding a New Member to a Group Using pw8" @@ -9038,7 +9087,7 @@ "manvolnum> 加入新成員到群組" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6487 +#: book.translate.xml:6503 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pw groupmod teamtwo -m db\n" @@ -9047,7 +9096,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6492 +#: book.translate.xml:6508 msgid "" "In this example, the argument to is a comma-delimited " "list of users who are to be added to the group. Unlike the previous example, " @@ -9059,7 +9108,7 @@ "者。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6499 +#: book.translate.xml:6515 msgid "" "Using id1 to Determine Group Membership" @@ -9068,7 +9117,7 @@ "manvolnum> 來查看所屬群組" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6501 +#: book.translate.xml:6517 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% id jru\n" @@ -9076,7 +9125,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6505 +#: book.translate.xml:6521 msgid "" "In this example, jru is a member " "of the groups jru and " @@ -9087,7 +9136,7 @@ "\">teamtwo 的成員。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6510 +#: book.translate.xml:6526 msgid "" "For more information about this command and the format of /etc/" "group, refer to pw5。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:6517 +#: book.translate.xml:6533 msgid "Permissions" msgstr "權限" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6519 +#: book.translate.xml:6535 msgid "UNIX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6523 +#: book.translate.xml:6539 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, every file and directory has an associated set of permissions " "and several utilities are available for viewing and modifying these " @@ -9125,7 +9174,7 @@ "無法不正確的存取供作業系統或其他使用者擁有的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6531 +#: book.translate.xml:6547 msgid "" "This section discusses the traditional UNIX permissions used in FreeBSD. For finer grained file system access " @@ -9136,7 +9185,7 @@ ">。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6535 +#: book.translate.xml:6551 msgid "" "In UNIX, basic permissions are " "assigned using three types of access: read, write, and execute. These access " @@ -9160,7 +9209,7 @@ "literal> 以及 x 開啟的值為 1。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6550 +#: book.translate.xml:6566 msgid "" "Table 4.1 summarizes the possible numeric and alphabetic possibilities. When " "reading the Directory Listing column, a - " @@ -9170,183 +9219,183 @@ "位時，- 用來代表該權限設為關閉。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6555 +#: book.translate.xml:6571 msgid "permissions" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6558 +#: book.translate.xml:6574 msgid "file permissions" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:6563 +#: book.translate.xml:6579 msgid "UNIX Permissions" msgstr "UNIX 權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6568 +#: book.translate.xml:6584 msgid "Value" msgstr "數值" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6569 +#: book.translate.xml:6585 msgid "Permission" msgstr "權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6570 +#: book.translate.xml:6586 msgid "Directory Listing" msgstr "目錄清單標示" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6576 +#: book.translate.xml:6592 msgid "0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6577 +#: book.translate.xml:6593 msgid "No read, no write, no execute" msgstr "不可讀取, 不可寫入, 不可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6578 +#: book.translate.xml:6594 msgid "---" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6582 book.translate.xml:47032 book.translate.xml:47054 -#: book.translate.xml:47144 +#: book.translate.xml:6598 book.translate.xml:47272 book.translate.xml:47294 +#: book.translate.xml:47384 msgid "1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6583 +#: book.translate.xml:6599 msgid "No read, no write, execute" msgstr "不可讀取, 不可寫入, 可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6584 +#: book.translate.xml:6600 msgid "--x" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6588 book.translate.xml:46924 book.translate.xml:46934 -#: book.translate.xml:47006 book.translate.xml:47016 book.translate.xml:47096 -#: book.translate.xml:47098 +#: book.translate.xml:6604 book.translate.xml:47164 book.translate.xml:47174 +#: book.translate.xml:47246 book.translate.xml:47256 book.translate.xml:47336 +#: book.translate.xml:47338 msgid "2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6589 +#: book.translate.xml:6605 msgid "No read, write, no execute" msgstr "不可讀取, 可寫入, 不可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6590 +#: book.translate.xml:6606 msgid "-w-" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6594 book.translate.xml:46926 book.translate.xml:46932 -#: book.translate.xml:47008 book.translate.xml:47014 book.translate.xml:47104 -#: book.translate.xml:47106 +#: book.translate.xml:6610 book.translate.xml:47166 book.translate.xml:47172 +#: book.translate.xml:47248 book.translate.xml:47254 book.translate.xml:47344 +#: book.translate.xml:47346 msgid "3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6595 +#: book.translate.xml:6611 msgid "No read, write, execute" msgstr "不可讀取, 可寫入, 可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6596 +#: book.translate.xml:6612 msgid "-wx" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6600 book.translate.xml:46940 book.translate.xml:46950 -#: book.translate.xml:47022 book.translate.xml:47030 book.translate.xml:47048 -#: book.translate.xml:47056 book.translate.xml:47112 book.translate.xml:47120 -#: book.translate.xml:47162 +#: book.translate.xml:6616 book.translate.xml:47180 book.translate.xml:47190 +#: book.translate.xml:47262 book.translate.xml:47270 book.translate.xml:47288 +#: book.translate.xml:47296 book.translate.xml:47352 book.translate.xml:47360 +#: book.translate.xml:47402 msgid "4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6601 +#: book.translate.xml:6617 msgid "Read, no write, no execute" msgstr "可讀取, 不可寫入, 不可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6602 +#: book.translate.xml:6618 msgid "r--" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6606 book.translate.xml:46942 book.translate.xml:46948 -#: book.translate.xml:47038 book.translate.xml:47040 book.translate.xml:47128 -#: book.translate.xml:47154 +#: book.translate.xml:6622 book.translate.xml:47182 book.translate.xml:47188 +#: book.translate.xml:47278 book.translate.xml:47280 book.translate.xml:47368 +#: book.translate.xml:47394 msgid "5" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6607 +#: book.translate.xml:6623 msgid "Read, no write, execute" msgstr "可讀取, 不可寫入, 可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6608 +#: book.translate.xml:6624 msgid "r-x" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6612 book.translate.xml:46958 book.translate.xml:46972 -#: book.translate.xml:47024 book.translate.xml:47046 book.translate.xml:47114 -#: book.translate.xml:47136 +#: book.translate.xml:6628 book.translate.xml:47198 book.translate.xml:47212 +#: book.translate.xml:47264 book.translate.xml:47286 book.translate.xml:47354 +#: book.translate.xml:47376 msgid "6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6613 +#: book.translate.xml:6629 msgid "Read, write, no execute" msgstr "可讀取, 可寫入, 不可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6614 +#: book.translate.xml:6630 msgid "rw-" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6618 book.translate.xml:46916 book.translate.xml:46918 -#: book.translate.xml:47062 book.translate.xml:47072 book.translate.xml:47130 -#: book.translate.xml:47152 +#: book.translate.xml:6634 book.translate.xml:47156 book.translate.xml:47158 +#: book.translate.xml:47302 book.translate.xml:47312 book.translate.xml:47370 +#: book.translate.xml:47392 msgid "7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6619 +#: book.translate.xml:6635 msgid "Read, write, execute" msgstr "可讀取, 可寫入, 可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6620 +#: book.translate.xml:6636 msgid "rwx" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6626 +#: book.translate.xml:6642 msgid "" "ls1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6629 +#: book.translate.xml:6645 msgid "directories" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6633 +#: book.translate.xml:6649 msgid "" "Use the argument to ls1 to view a long " @@ -9360,7 +9409,7 @@ "一個目錄底下執行 ls -l，會顯示如下的結果：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6639 +#: book.translate.xml:6655 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ls -l\n" @@ -9371,7 +9420,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6645 +#: book.translate.xml:6661 msgid "" "The first (leftmost) character in the first column indicates whether this " "file is a regular file, a directory, a special character device, a socket, " @@ -9398,7 +9447,7 @@ "案的三種權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6662 +#: book.translate.xml:6678 msgid "" "How does the system control permissions on devices? FreeBSD treats most " "hardware devices as a file that programs can open, read, and write data to. " @@ -9409,7 +9458,7 @@ " 目錄中。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6667 +#: book.translate.xml:6683 msgid "" "Directories are also treated as files. They have read, write, and execute " "permissions. The executable bit for a directory has a slightly different " @@ -9425,7 +9474,7 @@ "代表能夠存取在此目錄之中的已知檔名的檔案，但仍會受限於檔案本身所設定的權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6676 +#: book.translate.xml:6692 msgid "" "In order to perform a directory listing, the read permission must be set on " "the directory. In order to delete a file that one knows the name of, it is " @@ -9436,7 +9485,7 @@ "案所在目錄的寫入 以及 執行的權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6682 +#: book.translate.xml:6698 msgid "" "There are more permission bits, but they are primarily used in special " "circumstances such as setuid binaries and sticky directories. For more " @@ -9450,27 +9499,27 @@ "citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:6689 +#: book.translate.xml:6705 msgid "Symbolic Permissions" msgstr "權限符號" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:6692 book.translate.xml:6827 book.translate.xml:6878 -#: book.translate.xml:19214 book.translate.xml:19321 book.translate.xml:19499 -#: book.translate.xml:20618 book.translate.xml:21137 book.translate.xml:23386 -#: book.translate.xml:33823 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:6708 book.translate.xml:6843 book.translate.xml:6894 +#: book.translate.xml:19322 book.translate.xml:19429 book.translate.xml:19607 +#: book.translate.xml:20726 book.translate.xml:21245 book.translate.xml:23491 +#: book.translate.xml:33936 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6702 +#: book.translate.xml:6718 msgid "permissions symbolic" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6707 +#: book.translate.xml:6723 msgid "" "Symbolic permissions use characters instead of octal values to assign " "permissions to files or directories. Symbolic permissions use the syntax of " @@ -9480,159 +9529,159 @@ "符號表示的格式依序為 (某人)(動作)(權限)，可使用的符號如下：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6717 book.translate.xml:23112 +#: book.translate.xml:6733 book.translate.xml:23220 msgid "Option" msgstr "項目" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6718 +#: book.translate.xml:6734 msgid "Letter" msgstr "字母" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6719 +#: book.translate.xml:6735 msgid "Represents" msgstr "代表意義" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6725 book.translate.xml:6731 book.translate.xml:6737 -#: book.translate.xml:6743 +#: book.translate.xml:6741 book.translate.xml:6747 book.translate.xml:6753 +#: book.translate.xml:6759 msgid "(who)" msgstr "(某人)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6726 +#: book.translate.xml:6742 msgid "u" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6727 +#: book.translate.xml:6743 msgid "User" msgstr "使用者" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6732 +#: book.translate.xml:6748 msgid "g" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6733 +#: book.translate.xml:6749 msgid "Group owner" msgstr "群組所有者" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6738 +#: book.translate.xml:6754 msgid "o" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6739 +#: book.translate.xml:6755 msgid "Other" msgstr "其他" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6744 +#: book.translate.xml:6760 msgid "a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6745 +#: book.translate.xml:6761 msgid "All (world)" msgstr "全部 (world)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6749 book.translate.xml:6755 book.translate.xml:6761 +#: book.translate.xml:6765 book.translate.xml:6771 book.translate.xml:6777 msgid "(action)" msgstr "(動作)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6750 book.translate.xml:31374 book.translate.xml:39163 +#: book.translate.xml:6766 book.translate.xml:31487 book.translate.xml:39276 msgid "+" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6751 +#: book.translate.xml:6767 msgid "Adding permissions" -msgstr "\t增加權限" +msgstr "增加權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6756 book.translate.xml:31379 book.translate.xml:39168 +#: book.translate.xml:6772 book.translate.xml:31492 book.translate.xml:39281 msgid "-" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6757 +#: book.translate.xml:6773 msgid "Removing permissions" msgstr "移除權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6762 +#: book.translate.xml:6778 msgid "=" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6763 +#: book.translate.xml:6779 msgid "Explicitly set permissions" msgstr "指定權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6767 book.translate.xml:6773 book.translate.xml:6779 -#: book.translate.xml:6785 book.translate.xml:6791 +#: book.translate.xml:6783 book.translate.xml:6789 book.translate.xml:6795 +#: book.translate.xml:6801 book.translate.xml:6807 msgid "(permissions)" msgstr "(權限)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6768 +#: book.translate.xml:6784 msgid "r" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6769 +#: book.translate.xml:6785 msgid "Read" msgstr "讀取" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6774 +#: book.translate.xml:6790 msgid "w" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6775 +#: book.translate.xml:6791 msgid "Write" msgstr "寫入" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6780 +#: book.translate.xml:6796 msgid "x" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6781 +#: book.translate.xml:6797 msgid "Execute" msgstr "執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6786 +#: book.translate.xml:6802 msgid "t" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6787 +#: book.translate.xml:6803 msgid "Sticky bit" msgstr "Sticky 位元" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6792 +#: book.translate.xml:6808 msgid "s" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6793 +#: book.translate.xml:6809 msgid "Set UID or GID" msgstr "設定 UID 或 GID" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6799 +#: book.translate.xml:6815 msgid "" "These values are used with chmod1, but with letters " @@ -9645,36 +9694,36 @@ "FILE：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6804 +#: book.translate.xml:6820 #, no-wrap msgid "% chmod go= FILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6806 +#: book.translate.xml:6822 msgid "" "A comma separated list can be provided when more than one set of changes to " "a file must be made. For example, the following command removes the group " "and world write permission on FILE, and adds the execute permissions for everyone:" msgstr "" -"若有兩個以上的符號表示可以使用逗號 (,) 區隔。 例如，下列指令將會移除群組及其" -"他人對檔案 FILE 的寫入權限， 並使全部人 " -"(world) 對該檔有執行權限。" +"若有兩個以上的權限更改可以使用逗號 (,) 區隔。 例如，下列指令將會移除群組及全" +"部人 (world) 對檔案 FILE 的寫入權" +"限， 並使全部人對該檔有執行權限：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6813 +#: book.translate.xml:6829 #, no-wrap msgid "% chmod go-w,a+x FILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:6824 +#: book.translate.xml:6840 msgid "FreeBSD File Flags" msgstr "FreeBSD 檔案旗標" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6837 +#: book.translate.xml:6853 msgid "" "In addition to file permissions, FreeBSD supports the use of file " "flags. These flags add an additional level of security and control " @@ -9687,7 +9736,7 @@ "root 不會意外將檔案修改或移除。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6844 +#: book.translate.xml:6860 msgid "" "File flags are modified using chflags1. For example, to " @@ -9700,13 +9749,13 @@ "file1，使用下列指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6849 +#: book.translate.xml:6865 #, no-wrap msgid "# chflags sunlink file1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6851 +#: book.translate.xml:6867 msgid "" "To disable the system undeletable flag, put a no in front of " "the :" @@ -9715,13 +9764,13 @@ "no，例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6855 +#: book.translate.xml:6871 #, no-wrap msgid "# chflags nosunlink file1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6857 +#: book.translate.xml:6873 msgid "" "To view the flags of a file, use with " "ls1 及參數 可檢視檔案目前的旗標：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6860 +#: book.translate.xml:6876 #, no-wrap msgid "# ls -lo file1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6862 +#: book.translate.xml:6878 #, no-wrap msgid "-rw-r--r-- 1 trhodes trhodes sunlnk 0 Mar 1 05:54 file1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6864 +#: book.translate.xml:6880 msgid "" "Several file flags may only be added or removed by the root user. In other cases, the file owner may set " @@ -9759,7 +9808,7 @@ "refentrytitle>2 說明以瞭解相關細節。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:6873 +#: book.translate.xml:6889 msgid "" "The setuid, setgid, and " "sticky Permissions" @@ -9768,7 +9817,7 @@ "literal> 權限" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6888 +#: book.translate.xml:6904 msgid "" "Other than the permissions already discussed, there are three other specific " "settings that all administrators should know about. They are the " @@ -9780,7 +9829,7 @@ "sticky 權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6894 +#: book.translate.xml:6910 msgid "" "These settings are important for some UNIX operations as they provide functionality not normally granted to " @@ -9792,7 +9841,7 @@ "說明真實使用者 ID (Real user ID) 與有效使用者 ID (Effective user ID) 的差異。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6899 +#: book.translate.xml:6915 msgid "" "The real user ID is the UID who owns or starts the " "process. The effective UID is the user ID the process " @@ -9812,20 +9861,20 @@ "(Permission Denied) 的錯誤。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6909 +#: book.translate.xml:6925 msgid "" "The setuid permission may be set by prefixing a permission set with the " "number four (4) as shown in the following example:" msgstr "setuid 權限可以透過在權限集前加上數字 (4) 來設定，如下範例所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6913 +#: book.translate.xml:6929 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 4755 suidexample.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6915 +#: book.translate.xml:6931 msgid "" "The permissions on suidexample.sh now look like the following:" @@ -9834,13 +9883,13 @@ "如下所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6919 +#: book.translate.xml:6935 #, no-wrap msgid "-rwsr-xr-x 1 trhodes trhodes 63 Aug 29 06:36 suidexample.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6921 +#: book.translate.xml:6937 msgid "" "Note that a s is now part of the permission set " "designated for the file owner, replacing the executable bit. This allows " @@ -9853,7 +9902,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1 可正常使用。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:6927 +#: book.translate.xml:6943 msgid "" "The nosuid mount8 option will cause such " @@ -9867,7 +9916,7 @@ "該選項並非完全可靠。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6934 +#: book.translate.xml:6950 msgid "" "To view this in real time, open two terminals. On one, type passwd as a normal user. While it waits for a new password, check the " @@ -9881,12 +9930,12 @@ "citerefentry> 程序的使用者資訊：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6940 +#: book.translate.xml:6956 msgid "In terminal A:" msgstr "於終端機 A：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6942 +#: book.translate.xml:6958 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Changing local password for trhodes\n" @@ -9894,18 +9943,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6945 +#: book.translate.xml:6961 msgid "In terminal B:" msgstr "於終端機 B：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6947 +#: book.translate.xml:6963 #, no-wrap msgid "# ps aux | grep passwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6949 +#: book.translate.xml:6965 #, no-wrap msgid "" "trhodes 5232 0.0 0.2 3420 1608 0 R+ 2:10AM 0:00.00 grep passwd\n" @@ -9913,7 +9962,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6952 +#: book.translate.xml:6968 msgid "" "Although passwd1 is run as a normal user, it is using the effective " @@ -9925,7 +9974,7 @@ "acronym>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6956 +#: book.translate.xml:6972 msgid "" "The setgid permission performs the same function as the " "setuid permission; except that it alters the group " @@ -9938,7 +9987,7 @@ "使用者。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6963 +#: book.translate.xml:6979 msgid "" "To set the setgid permission on a file, provide " "chmod1 的參數前加上 (2)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6966 +#: book.translate.xml:6982 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 2755 sgidexample.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6968 +#: book.translate.xml:6984 msgid "" "In the following listing, notice that the s is now in the " "field designated for the group permission settings:" msgstr "注意以下清單中，s 現在位於指定群組權限設定的欄位：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6972 +#: book.translate.xml:6988 #, no-wrap msgid "-rwxr-sr-x 1 trhodes trhodes 44 Aug 31 01:49 sgidexample.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:6975 +#: book.translate.xml:6991 msgid "" "In these examples, even though the shell script in question is an executable " "file, it will not run with a different EUID or effective " @@ -9982,7 +10031,7 @@ "manvolnum> 系統呼叫 (System call)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6982 +#: book.translate.xml:6998 msgid "" "The setuid and setgid permission bits " "may lower system security, by allowing for elevated permissions. The third " @@ -9994,7 +10043,7 @@ "literal>，可以加強系統的安全性。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6988 +#: book.translate.xml:7004 msgid "" "When the sticky bit is set on a directory, it allows file " "deletion only by the file owner. This is useful to prevent file deletion in " @@ -10007,13 +10056,13 @@ "非常有用。要使用這個權限，可在權限集前加上 (1)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6995 +#: book.translate.xml:7011 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 1777 /tmp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6997 +#: book.translate.xml:7013 msgid "" "The sticky bit permission will display as a t at the very end of the permission set:" @@ -10022,29 +10071,29 @@ "後：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7001 +#: book.translate.xml:7017 #, no-wrap msgid "# ls -al / | grep tmp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7003 +#: book.translate.xml:7019 #, no-wrap msgid "drwxrwxrwt 10 root wheel 512 Aug 31 01:49 tmp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:7009 +#: book.translate.xml:7025 msgid "Directory Structure" msgstr "目錄結構" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7011 +#: book.translate.xml:7027 msgid "directory hierarchy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7015 +#: book.translate.xml:7031 msgid "" "The FreeBSD directory hierarchy is fundamental to obtaining an overall " "understanding of the system. The most important directory is root or, " @@ -10059,7 +10108,7 @@ "會有開機所會用到必備檔案。 此外，根目錄還有紀錄其他檔案系統的掛載點相關設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7024 +#: book.translate.xml:7040 msgid "" "A mount point is a directory where additional file systems can be grafted " "onto a parent file system (usually the root file system). This is further " @@ -10086,7 +10135,7 @@ "option> 選項。 其中細節說明可參閱 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7039 +#: book.translate.xml:7055 msgid "" "A complete description of the file system hierarchy is available in " "hier7/bin/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7060 +#: book.translate.xml:7076 msgid "" "User utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments." msgstr "" "單使用者 (Single-user)、多使用者 (Multi-user) 兩種模式皆可使用的基本工具 。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7065 +#: book.translate.xml:7081 msgid "/boot/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7066 +#: book.translate.xml:7082 msgid "" "Programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap." msgstr "作業系統開機過程會用到的程式、設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7071 +#: book.translate.xml:7087 msgid "/boot/defaults/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7072 +#: book.translate.xml:7088 msgid "" "Default boot configuration files. Refer to " "loader.conf55。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7077 +#: book.translate.xml:7093 msgid "/dev/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7078 +#: book.translate.xml:7094 msgid "" "Device nodes. Refer to intro4 for details." @@ -10161,22 +10210,22 @@ "refentrytitle>4。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7083 +#: book.translate.xml:7099 msgid "/etc/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7084 +#: book.translate.xml:7100 msgid "System configuration files and scripts." msgstr "系統設定檔及一些 Script 檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7088 +#: book.translate.xml:7104 msgid "/etc/defaults/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7089 +#: book.translate.xml:7105 msgid "" "Default system configuration files. Refer to " "rc88。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7094 +#: book.translate.xml:7110 msgid "/etc/mail/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7095 +#: book.translate.xml:7111 msgid "" "Configuration files for mail transport agents such as " "sendmail88 的相關設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7100 +#: book.translate.xml:7116 msgid "/etc/periodic/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7101 +#: book.translate.xml:7117 msgid "" "Scripts that run daily, weekly, and monthly, via " "cron88。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7107 +#: book.translate.xml:7123 msgid "/etc/ppp/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7108 +#: book.translate.xml:7124 msgid "" "ppp8 configuration files." @@ -10233,24 +10282,24 @@ "citerefentry> 設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7112 +#: book.translate.xml:7128 msgid "/mnt/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7113 +#: book.translate.xml:7129 msgid "" "Empty directory commonly used by system administrators as a temporary mount " "point." msgstr "系統管理者慣用充當臨時掛載點的空目錄。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7118 +#: book.translate.xml:7134 msgid "/proc/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7119 +#: book.translate.xml:7135 msgid "" "Process file system. Refer to procfs5, " @@ -10263,12 +10312,12 @@ "manvolnum>。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7124 +#: book.translate.xml:7140 msgid "/rescue/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7125 +#: book.translate.xml:7141 msgid "" "Statically linked programs for emergency recovery as described in " "rescue8。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7130 +#: book.translate.xml:7146 msgid "/root/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7131 +#: book.translate.xml:7147 msgid "" "Home directory for the root " "account." msgstr "root 帳號的家目錄。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7137 +#: book.translate.xml:7153 msgid "/sbin/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7138 +#: book.translate.xml:7154 msgid "" "System programs and administration utilities fundamental to both single-user " "and multi-user environments." @@ -10305,12 +10354,12 @@ "具 。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7144 +#: book.translate.xml:7160 msgid "/tmp/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7145 +#: book.translate.xml:7161 msgid "" "Temporary files which are usually not preserved across " "a system reboot. A memory-based file system is often mounted at /" @@ -10329,72 +10378,72 @@ "refentrytitle>8)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7155 +#: book.translate.xml:7171 msgid "/usr/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7156 +#: book.translate.xml:7172 msgid "The majority of user utilities and applications." msgstr "主要是使用者所安裝的工具程式、應用程式存放處。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7161 +#: book.translate.xml:7177 msgid "/usr/bin/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7162 +#: book.translate.xml:7178 msgid "Common utilities, programming tools, and applications." msgstr "常用工具、開發工具、應用軟體。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7167 +#: book.translate.xml:7183 msgid "/usr/include/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7168 +#: book.translate.xml:7184 msgid "Standard C include files." msgstr "標準 C include 檔案。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7172 +#: book.translate.xml:7188 msgid "/usr/lib/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7173 +#: book.translate.xml:7189 msgid "Archive libraries." msgstr "程式庫存放處。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7178 +#: book.translate.xml:7194 msgid "/usr/libdata/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7179 +#: book.translate.xml:7195 msgid "Miscellaneous utility data files." msgstr "其他各式工具的資料檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7183 +#: book.translate.xml:7199 msgid "/usr/libexec/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7184 +#: book.translate.xml:7200 msgid "System daemons and system utilities executed by other programs." msgstr "系統 Daemon 及系統工具程式 (透過其他程式來執行)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7189 +#: book.translate.xml:7205 msgid "/usr/local/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7190 +#: book.translate.xml:7206 msgid "" "Local executables and libraries. Also used as the default destination for " "the FreeBSD ports framework. Within /usr/local, the " @@ -10414,64 +10463,64 @@ "port。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7203 +#: book.translate.xml:7219 msgid "/usr/obj/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7204 +#: book.translate.xml:7220 msgid "" "Architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/" "src tree." msgstr "在編譯 /usr/src 目錄時所產生的相關架構目地檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7210 +#: book.translate.xml:7226 msgid "/usr/ports/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7211 +#: book.translate.xml:7227 msgid "The FreeBSD Ports Collection (optional)." msgstr "FreeBSD Port 套件集 (選用)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7215 +#: book.translate.xml:7231 msgid "/usr/sbin/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7216 +#: book.translate.xml:7232 msgid "System daemons and system utilities executed by users." msgstr "由使用者執行的系統 Daemon 及系統工具。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7221 +#: book.translate.xml:7237 msgid "/usr/share/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7222 +#: book.translate.xml:7238 msgid "Architecture-independent files." msgstr "各架構皆共通的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7226 +#: book.translate.xml:7242 msgid "/usr/src/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7227 +#: book.translate.xml:7243 msgid "BSD and/or local source files." msgstr "BSD 原始碼 (或自行新增的)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7231 +#: book.translate.xml:7247 msgid "/var/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7232 +#: book.translate.xml:7248 msgid "" "Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. A memory-based " "file system is sometimes mounted at /var. This can be " @@ -10490,42 +10539,42 @@ "citerefentry>)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7243 +#: book.translate.xml:7259 msgid "/var/log/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7244 +#: book.translate.xml:7260 msgid "Miscellaneous system log files." msgstr "各項系統記錄的日誌 (Log) 檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7248 +#: book.translate.xml:7264 msgid "/var/mail/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7249 +#: book.translate.xml:7265 msgid "User mailbox files." msgstr "各使用者的郵件 (Mailbox) 檔案。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7253 +#: book.translate.xml:7269 msgid "/var/spool/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7254 +#: book.translate.xml:7270 msgid "Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories." msgstr "各種印表機、郵件系統的緩衝 (Spool) 目錄。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7259 +#: book.translate.xml:7275 msgid "/var/tmp/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7260 +#: book.translate.xml:7276 msgid "" "Temporary files which are usually preserved across a system reboot, unless " "/var is a memory-based file system." @@ -10534,22 +10583,22 @@ "屬於以記憶體為基礎 (Memory-based) 的檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7267 +#: book.translate.xml:7283 msgid "/var/yp/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7268 +#: book.translate.xml:7284 msgid "NIS maps." msgstr "NIS 對應表。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:7276 +#: book.translate.xml:7292 msgid "Disk Organization" msgstr "磁碟組織" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7278 +#: book.translate.xml:7294 msgid "" "The smallest unit of organization that FreeBSD uses to find files is the " "filename. Filenames are case-sensitive, which means that readme." @@ -10563,7 +10612,7 @@ "他類型的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7285 +#: book.translate.xml:7301 msgid "" "Files are stored in directories. A directory may contain no files, or it may " "contain many hundreds of files. A directory can also contain other " @@ -10574,7 +10623,7 @@ "中也可以包含其他的目錄； 您可以建立階層式的目錄以便資料的管理。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7291 +#: book.translate.xml:7307 msgid "" "Files and directories are referenced by giving the file or directory name, " "followed by a forward slash, /, followed by any other " @@ -10599,7 +10648,7 @@ "c:\\foo\\bar\\readme.txt 這種路徑。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7306 +#: book.translate.xml:7322 msgid "" "Directories and files are stored in a file system. Each file system contains " "exactly one directory at the very top level, called the root " @@ -10618,7 +10667,7 @@ "個磁碟，所有目錄都會成為該磁碟的一部份。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7317 +#: book.translate.xml:7333 msgid "" "Consider three file systems, called A, B, and C. Each file system has one root directory, " @@ -10632,7 +10681,7 @@ "B2 及 C1, C2)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7324 +#: book.translate.xml:7340 msgid "" "Call A the root file system. If " "ls1B on to the directory A1B1 or B2 " "directories can be reached with the path /A1/B1 or " @@ -10720,7 +10769,7 @@ "literal> 被卸載 (Unmount) 後才會再顯現出來。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7378 +#: book.translate.xml:7394 msgid "" "If B had been mounted on A2 then the " "diagram would look like this:" @@ -10732,13 +10781,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:7384 +#: book.translate.xml:7400 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='basics/example-dir3' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout -#: book.translate.xml:7388 +#: book.translate.xml:7404 #, no-wrap msgid "" " /\n" @@ -10753,7 +10802,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7400 +#: book.translate.xml:7416 msgid "" "and the paths would be /A2/B1 and /A2/B2 respectively." @@ -10761,7 +10810,7 @@ "上面的路徑分別為 /A2/B1 及 /A2/B2。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7405 +#: book.translate.xml:7421 msgid "" "File systems can be mounted on top of one another. Continuing the last " "example, the C file system could be mounted on top of the " @@ -10777,13 +10826,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:7413 +#: book.translate.xml:7429 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='basics/example-dir4' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout -#: book.translate.xml:7417 +#: book.translate.xml:7433 #, no-wrap msgid "" " /\n" @@ -10802,7 +10851,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7433 +#: book.translate.xml:7449 msgid "" "Or C could be mounted directly on to the A file system, under the A1 directory:" @@ -10815,13 +10864,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:7439 +#: book.translate.xml:7455 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='basics/example-dir5' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout -#: book.translate.xml:7443 +#: book.translate.xml:7459 #, no-wrap msgid "" " /\n" @@ -10840,7 +10889,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7459 +#: book.translate.xml:7475 msgid "" "It is entirely possible to have one large root file system, and not need to " "create any others. There are some drawbacks to this approach, and one " @@ -10850,12 +10899,12 @@ "處。" #. (itstool) path: itemizedlist/title -#: book.translate.xml:7464 +#: book.translate.xml:7480 msgid "Benefits of Multiple File Systems" msgstr "使用多個檔案系統的好處" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7467 +#: book.translate.xml:7483 msgid "" "Different file systems can have different mount options. For example, the root file system can be mounted read-only, " @@ -10874,7 +10923,7 @@ "guid 位元失效，可讓系統更安全。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7481 +#: book.translate.xml:7497 msgid "" "FreeBSD automatically optimizes the layout of files on a file system, " "depending on how the file system is being used. So a file system that " @@ -10887,7 +10936,7 @@ "如果您只有單一個大的檔案系統，這部分就沒用了。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7490 +#: book.translate.xml:7506 msgid "" "FreeBSD's file systems are robust if power is lost. However, a power loss at " "a critical point could still damage the structure of the file system. By " @@ -10899,12 +10948,12 @@ "以便您在需要的時候將備份資料回存回來。" #. (itstool) path: itemizedlist/title -#: book.translate.xml:7500 +#: book.translate.xml:7516 msgid "Benefit of a Single File System" msgstr "使用單一檔案系統的好處" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7503 +#: book.translate.xml:7519 msgid "" "File systems are a fixed size. If you create a file system when you install " "FreeBSD and give it a specific size, you may later discover that you need to " @@ -10917,7 +10966,7 @@ "的大小，然後將備份回存回來。" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:7511 +#: book.translate.xml:7527 msgid "" "FreeBSD features the growfs8 command, which makes " @@ -10928,7 +10977,7 @@ "manvolnum> 指令可以突破此限制直接變更檔案系統的大小。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7518 +#: book.translate.xml:7534 msgid "" "File systems are contained in partitions. This does not have the same " "meaning as the common usage of the term partition (for example, swap space to " "provide virtual memory. This allows your computer to " @@ -10962,47 +11011,47 @@ "移到交換空間，然後在用到的時候移回去 (同時移出部份沒用到的)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7537 +#: book.translate.xml:7553 msgid "Some partitions have certain conventions associated with them." -msgstr "部份分區有使用的慣例如下：" +msgstr "有些分割區有特定的使用慣例。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7547 +#: book.translate.xml:7563 msgid "Partition" msgstr "分區" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7548 +#: book.translate.xml:7564 msgid "Convention" msgstr "慣例" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7554 +#: book.translate.xml:7570 msgid "a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7555 +#: book.translate.xml:7571 msgid "Normally contains the root file system." -msgstr "通常內含根檔案系統" +msgstr "通常含有根檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7559 +#: book.translate.xml:7575 msgid "b" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7560 +#: book.translate.xml:7576 msgid "Normally contains swap space." -msgstr "通常內含交換空間" +msgstr "通常含有交換空間。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7564 +#: book.translate.xml:7580 msgid "c" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7565 +#: book.translate.xml:7581 msgid "" "Normally the same size as the enclosing slice. This allows utilities that " "need to work on the entire slice, such as a bad block scanner, to work on " @@ -11014,12 +11063,12 @@ "執行。一般來說不會把檔案系統建立在這個分區。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7573 +#: book.translate.xml:7589 msgid "d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7574 +#: book.translate.xml:7590 msgid "" "Partition d used to have a special meaning associated " "with it, although that is now gone and d may work as any " @@ -11029,7 +11078,7 @@ "d 和一般的分區相同。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7583 +#: book.translate.xml:7599 msgid "" "Disks in FreeBSD are divided into slices, referred to in Windows as partitions, which are numbered from 1 " @@ -11041,22 +11090,22 @@ "再分成數個分區，每個分區內含檔案系統，且會使用字母來標示。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7588 +#: book.translate.xml:7604 msgid "slices" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7591 book.translate.xml:31844 book.translate.xml:31940 +#: book.translate.xml:7607 book.translate.xml:31957 book.translate.xml:32053 msgid "partitions" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7594 +#: book.translate.xml:7610 msgid "dangerously dedicated" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7598 +#: book.translate.xml:7614 msgid "" "Slice numbers follow the device name, prefixed with an s, " "starting at 1. So da0s1 is the first " @@ -11075,7 +11124,7 @@ "檔案系統使用的裝置 (Device) 上均會各別佔據一個切割區。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7608 +#: book.translate.xml:7624 msgid "" "Slices, dangerously dedicated physical drives, and other " "drives contain partitions, which are represented as " @@ -11095,7 +11144,7 @@ "三個切割區的第五個分區。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7621 +#: book.translate.xml:7637 msgid "" "Finally, each disk on the system is identified. A disk name starts with a " "code that indicates the type of disk, and then a number, indicating which " @@ -11107,7 +11156,7 @@ "始。常見的代碼可以參考 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7627 +#: book.translate.xml:7643 msgid "" "When referring to a partition, include the disk name, s, " "the slice number, and then the partition letter. Examples are shown in 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7632 +#: book.translate.xml:7648 msgid "" " shows a conceptual model of a " "disk layout." @@ -11126,7 +11175,7 @@ "對您有些幫助。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7635 +#: book.translate.xml:7651 msgid "" "When installing FreeBSD, configure the disk slices, create partitions within " "the slice to be used for FreeBSD, create a file system or swap space in each " @@ -11137,44 +11186,44 @@ "哪裡。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:7641 +#: book.translate.xml:7657 msgid "Disk Device Names" msgstr "磁碟裝置名稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7649 +#: book.translate.xml:7665 msgid "Drive Type" msgstr "磁碟機類型" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7650 +#: book.translate.xml:7666 msgid "Drive Device Name" msgstr "磁碟機裝置稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7656 +#: book.translate.xml:7672 msgid "SATA and IDE hard drives" msgstr "SATA 及 IDE 硬碟" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7658 +#: book.translate.xml:7674 msgid "ada or ad" msgstr "ada 或 ad" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7663 +#: book.translate.xml:7679 msgid "" "SCSI hard drives and USB storage " "devices" msgstr "SCSI 硬碟與 USB 儲存裝置" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7665 +#: book.translate.xml:7681 msgid "da" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7669 +#: book.translate.xml:7685 msgid "" "SATA and IDE CD-ROM " "drives" @@ -11183,37 +11232,37 @@ "光碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7671 +#: book.translate.xml:7687 msgid "cd or acd" msgstr "cd 或 acd" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7676 +#: book.translate.xml:7692 msgid "SCSI CD-ROM drives" msgstr "SCSI CD-ROM 光碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7678 +#: book.translate.xml:7694 msgid "cd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7682 +#: book.translate.xml:7698 msgid "Floppy drives" msgstr "軟碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7683 +#: book.translate.xml:7699 msgid "fd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7687 +#: book.translate.xml:7703 msgid "Assorted non-standard CD-ROM drives" msgstr "各種非標準 CD-ROM 光碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7689 +#: book.translate.xml:7705 msgid "" "mcd for Mitsumi CD-ROM and " "scd for Sony CD-ROM devices" @@ -11222,32 +11271,32 @@ "scd 代表 Sony CD-ROM 光碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7695 +#: book.translate.xml:7711 msgid "SCSI tape drives" msgstr "SCSI 磁帶機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7696 +#: book.translate.xml:7712 msgid "sa" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7700 +#: book.translate.xml:7716 msgid "IDE tape drives" msgstr "IDE 磁帶機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7701 +#: book.translate.xml:7717 msgid "ast" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7705 +#: book.translate.xml:7721 msgid "RAID drives" msgstr "RAID 磁碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7706 +#: book.translate.xml:7722 msgid "" "Examples include aacd for Adaptec AdvancedRAID, mlxd and " @@ -11266,27 +11315,27 @@ "trademark> RAID." #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:7718 +#: book.translate.xml:7734 msgid "Sample Disk, Slice, and Partition Names" msgstr "磁碟、切割區及分區命名範例" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7727 +#: book.translate.xml:7743 msgid "Name" msgstr "名稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7728 book.translate.xml:61583 +#: book.translate.xml:7744 book.translate.xml:62638 msgid "Meaning" msgstr "意義" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7734 +#: book.translate.xml:7750 msgid "ada0s1a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7735 +#: book.translate.xml:7751 msgid "" "The first partition (a) on the first slice (s1) on the first SATA disk (ada0)的第一個分區(a) 。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7742 +#: book.translate.xml:7758 msgid "da1s2e" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7743 +#: book.translate.xml:7759 msgid "" "The fifth partition (e) on the second slice (s2) on the second SCSI disk (da1)." @@ -11310,12 +11359,12 @@ "literal>) 的第五個分區 (e) 。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:7753 +#: book.translate.xml:7769 msgid "Conceptual Model of a Disk" msgstr "磁碟的概念模型" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:7755 +#: book.translate.xml:7771 msgid "" "This diagram shows FreeBSD's view of the first SATA disk " "attached to the system. Assume that the disk is 250 GB in size, and contains " @@ -11334,7 +11383,7 @@ "裝了 FreeBSD。 本範例中安裝的 FreeBSD 有四個資料分區及一個交換分區。" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:7765 +#: book.translate.xml:7781 msgid "" "The four partitions each hold a file system. Partition a " "is used for the root file system, d for /var//. /dev, /usr/usr/local 等。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7793 +#: book.translate.xml:7809 msgid "root file system" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7797 +#: book.translate.xml:7813 msgid "" "There are various reasons to house some of these directories on separate " "file systems. /var contains the directories " @@ -11399,7 +11448,7 @@ "filename> 中拉出來。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7808 +#: book.translate.xml:7824 msgid "" "Another common reason to contain certain directory trees on other file " "systems is if they are to be housed on separate physical disks, or are " @@ -11411,18 +11460,18 @@ "\"network-nfs\"/> 或是光碟機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:7815 +#: book.translate.xml:7831 msgid "The fstab File" msgstr "fstab 檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7817 +#: book.translate.xml:7833 msgid "" "file systems mounted with fstab" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7822 +#: book.translate.xml:7838 msgid "" "During the boot process (), file systems listed in " "/etc/fstab are automatically mounted except for the " @@ -11434,39 +11483,39 @@ " 參數)。檔案內容的格式如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:7828 +#: book.translate.xml:7844 #, no-wrap msgid "device /mount-point fstype options dumpfreq passno" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:7832 +#: book.translate.xml:7848 msgid "device" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7834 +#: book.translate.xml:7850 msgid "" "An existing device name as explained in ." msgstr "已存在的裝置名稱，詳情請參閱 。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:7840 +#: book.translate.xml:7856 msgid "mount-point" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7843 +#: book.translate.xml:7859 msgid "An existing directory on which to mount the file system." msgstr "檔案系統要掛載到的目錄 (該目錄必須存在)。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:7849 +#: book.translate.xml:7865 msgid "fstype" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7852 +#: book.translate.xml:7868 msgid "" "The file system type to pass to mount8. The default FreeBSD " @@ -11477,12 +11526,12 @@ "檔案系統是 ufs。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:7859 +#: book.translate.xml:7875 msgid "options" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7862 +#: book.translate.xml:7878 msgid "" "Either for read-write file systems, or : No such process。" #. (itstool) path: note/title -#: book.translate.xml:8290 +#: book.translate.xml:8306 msgid "Why Use /bin/kill?" -msgstr "為何要使用 /bin/kill？ " +msgstr "為何要使用 /bin/kill？" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:8292 +#: book.translate.xml:8308 msgid "" "Many shells provide kill as a built in command, meaning " "that the shell will send the signal directly, rather than running /" @@ -12268,7 +12319,7 @@ "的直接用 /bin/kill。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:8304 +#: book.translate.xml:8320 msgid "" "When sending other signals, substitute TERM or " "KILL with the name of the signal." @@ -12277,7 +12328,7 @@ "或 KILL 替換成其他信號的名稱即可。" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:8309 +#: book.translate.xml:8325 msgid "" "Killing a random process on the system is a bad idea. In particular, " "init8記得再次確認您下的參數。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:8321 +#: book.translate.xml:8337 msgid "Shells" msgstr "Shell" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:8323 +#: book.translate.xml:8339 msgid "shells" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:8326 +#: book.translate.xml:8342 msgid "command line" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8330 +#: book.translate.xml:8346 msgid "" "A shell provides a command line interface for " "interacting with the operating system. A shell receives commands from the " @@ -12334,7 +12385,7 @@ "zsh 以及 bash 等。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8341 +#: book.translate.xml:8357 msgid "" "The shell that is used is really a matter of taste. A C programmer might " "feel more comfortable with a C-like shell such as " @@ -12352,7 +12403,7 @@ "合使用者的喜好，就是您選擇 shell 的重點了。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8348 +#: book.translate.xml:8364 msgid "" "One common shell feature is filename completion. After a user types the " "first few letters of a command or filename and presses Tab, " @@ -12368,7 +12419,7 @@ "輸入 rm foo 然後按下 Tab 來補齊檔名。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8357 +#: book.translate.xml:8373 msgid "" "But the shell only shows rm foo. It was unable to " "complete the filename because both foobar and " @@ -12386,12 +12437,12 @@ "次，那 Shell 就能夠替您把剩下的檔名填滿了。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:8367 +#: book.translate.xml:8383 msgid "environment variables" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8371 +#: book.translate.xml:8387 msgid "" "Another feature of the shell is the use of environment variables. " "Environment variables are a variable/key pair stored in the shell's " @@ -12407,42 +12458,42 @@ "供了常見的環境變數與其涵義的清單。 請注意環境變數的名稱永遠以大寫表示。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:8381 +#: book.translate.xml:8397 msgid "Common Environment Variables" msgstr "常用環境變數" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8386 book.translate.xml:22933 +#: book.translate.xml:8402 book.translate.xml:23041 msgid "Variable" msgstr "變數" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8393 +#: book.translate.xml:8409 msgid "USER" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8394 +#: book.translate.xml:8410 msgid "Current logged in user's name." msgstr "目前登入的使用者名稱。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8398 +#: book.translate.xml:8414 msgid "PATH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8399 +#: book.translate.xml:8415 msgid "Colon-separated list of directories to search for binaries." msgstr "以冒號 (:) 隔開的目錄列表，用以搜尋執行檔的路徑。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8404 +#: book.translate.xml:8420 msgid "DISPLAY" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8405 +#: book.translate.xml:8421 msgid "" "Network name of the Xorg display to connect to, " "if available." @@ -12450,34 +12501,34 @@ "若存在這個環境變數，則代表 Xorg 顯示器的網路名稱。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8411 +#: book.translate.xml:8427 msgid "SHELL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8412 +#: book.translate.xml:8428 msgid "The current shell." msgstr "目前使用的 Shell。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8416 +#: book.translate.xml:8432 msgid "TERM" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8418 +#: book.translate.xml:8434 msgid "" "The name of the user's type of terminal. Used to determine the capabilities " "of the terminal." msgstr "使用者終端機類型的名稱，用來判斷終端機有那些功能。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8423 +#: book.translate.xml:8439 msgid "TERMCAP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8425 +#: book.translate.xml:8441 msgid "" "Database entry of the terminal escape codes to perform various terminal " "functions." @@ -12485,62 +12536,62 @@ "用來執行各種終端機功能的終端機跳脫碼 (Terminal escape code) 的資料庫項目。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8430 +#: book.translate.xml:8446 msgid "OSTYPE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8431 +#: book.translate.xml:8447 msgid "Type of operating system." msgstr "作業系統的類型。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8435 +#: book.translate.xml:8451 msgid "MACHTYPE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8436 +#: book.translate.xml:8452 msgid "The system's CPU architecture." msgstr "系統的 CPU 架構。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8440 +#: book.translate.xml:8456 msgid "EDITOR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8441 +#: book.translate.xml:8457 msgid "The user's preferred text editor." msgstr "使用者偏好的文字編輯器。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8445 +#: book.translate.xml:8461 msgid "PAGER" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8446 +#: book.translate.xml:8462 msgid "The user's preferred utility for viewing text one page at a time." msgstr "使用者偏好的文字分頁檢視工具。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8451 +#: book.translate.xml:8467 msgid "MANPATH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:8452 +#: book.translate.xml:8468 msgid "Colon-separated list of directories to search for manual pages." msgstr "以冒號 (:) 隔開的目錄列表，用以搜尋使用手冊的路徑。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:8459 +#: book.translate.xml:8475 msgid "Bourne shells" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8463 +#: book.translate.xml:8479 msgid "" "How to set an environment variable differs between shells. In " "tcsh1/usr/local/bin/emacs：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:8472 +#: book.translate.xml:8488 #, no-wrap msgid "% setenv EDITOR /usr/local/bin/emacs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8474 +#: book.translate.xml:8490 msgid "The equivalent command for bash would be:" msgstr "相同功能的指令在 bash 下則是：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:8477 +#: book.translate.xml:8493 #, no-wrap msgid "% export EDITOR=\"/usr/local/bin/emacs\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8479 +#: book.translate.xml:8495 msgid "" "To expand an environment variable in order to see its current setting, type " "a $ character in front of its name on the command line. " @@ -12594,7 +12645,7 @@ "$TERM 的設定值。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8485 +#: book.translate.xml:8501 msgid "" "Shells treat special characters, known as meta-characters, as special " "representations of data. The most common meta-character is ** 字元的檔案由 echo 顯示出來。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8495 +#: book.translate.xml:8511 msgid "" "To prevent the shell from interpreting a special character, escape it from " "the shell by starting it with a backslash (\\). For " @@ -12625,12 +12676,12 @@ "$TERM 則會直接印出 $TERM 這幾個字。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:8503 +#: book.translate.xml:8519 msgid "Changing the Shell" msgstr "變更 Shell" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:8505 +#: book.translate.xml:8521 msgid "" "The easiest way to permanently change the default shell is to use " "chsh. Running this command will open the editor that is " @@ -12646,7 +12697,7 @@ "Shell: 為新的 Shell 的完整路徑。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:8512 +#: book.translate.xml:8528 msgid "" "Alternately, use chsh -s which will set the specified " "shell without opening an editor. For example, to change the shell to " @@ -12656,13 +12707,13 @@ "器。 例如， 假設想把 Shell 更改為 bash：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:8516 +#: book.translate.xml:8532 #, no-wrap msgid "% chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:8519 +#: book.translate.xml:8535 msgid "" "The new shell must be present in /etc/shells. If the shell was installed from the FreeBSD Ports Collection as " @@ -12676,13 +12727,13 @@ "Shell 的路徑)：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:8526 +#: book.translate.xml:8542 #, no-wrap msgid "# echo /usr/local/bin/bash >> /etc/shells" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:8528 +#: book.translate.xml:8544 msgid "" "Then, rerun chsh1." @@ -12691,21 +12742,21 @@ "manvolnum>。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:8534 +#: book.translate.xml:8550 msgid "Advanced Shell Techniques" msgstr "進階 Shell 技巧" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:8537 book.translate.xml:30989 book.translate.xml:35394 -#: book.translate.xml:35474 book.translate.xml:37083 book.translate.xml:44364 -#: book.translate.xml:54680 book.translate.xml:55896 +#: book.translate.xml:8553 book.translate.xml:31102 book.translate.xml:35507 +#: book.translate.xml:35587 book.translate.xml:37196 book.translate.xml:44607 +#: book.translate.xml:56324 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:8547 +#: book.translate.xml:8563 msgid "" "The UNIX shell is not just a " "command interpreter, it acts as a powerful tool which allows users to " @@ -12720,7 +12771,7 @@ "可提供一個可以最佳化效率的環境給使用者。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:8555 +#: book.translate.xml:8571 msgid "" "Shell redirection is the action of sending the output or the input of a " "command into another command or into a file. To capture the output of the " @@ -12732,13 +12783,13 @@ "citerefentry> 指令的輸出到一個檔案，可以重新導向輸出：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:8560 +#: book.translate.xml:8576 #, no-wrap msgid "% ls > directory_listing.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:8562 +#: book.translate.xml:8578 msgid "" "The directory contents will now be listed in directory_listing." "txt. Some commands can be used to read input, such as " @@ -12751,13 +12802,13 @@ "導向輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:8567 +#: book.translate.xml:8583 #, no-wrap msgid "% sort < directory_listing.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:8569 +#: book.translate.xml:8585 msgid "" "The input will be sorted and placed on the screen. To redirect that input " "into another file, one could redirect the output of " @@ -12769,13 +12820,13 @@ "citerefentry> 的出輸：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:8573 +#: book.translate.xml:8589 #, no-wrap msgid "% sort < directory_listing.txt > sorted.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:8575 +#: book.translate.xml:8591 msgid "" "In all of the previous examples, the commands are performing redirection " "using file descriptors. Every UNIXUNIX pipe operator, |" " allows the output of one command to be directly passed or directed " @@ -12817,13 +12868,13 @@ "指令的標準輸出以標準輸入傳遞給另一個指令，例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:8597 +#: book.translate.xml:8613 #, no-wrap msgid "% cat directory_listing.txt | sort | less" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:8599 +#: book.translate.xml:8615 msgid "" "In that example, the contents of directory_listing.txt " "will be sorted and the output passed to lesstext editors" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:8613 book.translate.xml:8649 +#: book.translate.xml:8629 book.translate.xml:8665 msgid "editors" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8617 +#: book.translate.xml:8633 msgid "" "Most FreeBSD configuration is done by editing text files. Because of this, " "it is a good idea to become familiar with a text editor. FreeBSD comes with " @@ -12864,19 +12915,19 @@ "其他的文字編輯器。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:8622 +#: book.translate.xml:8638 msgid "ee" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:8625 +#: book.translate.xml:8641 msgid "" "editors ee1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8630 +#: book.translate.xml:8646 msgid "" "A simple editor to learn is ee1, which stands for easy " @@ -12906,17 +12957,17 @@ "要存檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:8646 +#: book.translate.xml:8662 msgid "vi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:8652 +#: book.translate.xml:8668 msgid "emacs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8656 +#: book.translate.xml:8672 msgid "" "FreeBSD also comes with more powerful text editors, such as " "vi1EDITOR 環境變數如 所說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:8673 +#: book.translate.xml:8689 msgid "Devices and Device Nodes" msgstr "裝置及裝置節點" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8675 +#: book.translate.xml:8691 msgid "" "A device is a term used mostly for hardware-related activities in a system, " "including disks, printers, graphics cards, and keyboards. When FreeBSD " @@ -12964,7 +13015,7 @@ "裝置，開機訊息的複本也會存放在 /var/run/dmesg.boot。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8682 +#: book.translate.xml:8698 msgid "" "Each device has a device name and number. For example, ada0 is the first SATA hard drive, while kbd0 " @@ -12974,7 +13025,7 @@ "台 SATA 硬碟，而 kbd0 則代表鍵盤。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8687 +#: book.translate.xml:8703 msgid "" "Most devices in FreeBSD must be accessed through special files called device " "nodes, which are located in /dev." @@ -12983,17 +13034,17 @@ "些檔案會放置在 /dev。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:8693 +#: book.translate.xml:8709 msgid "Manual Pages" msgstr "操作手冊" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:8695 +#: book.translate.xml:8711 msgid "manual pages" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8699 +#: book.translate.xml:8715 msgid "" "The most comprehensive documentation on FreeBSD is in the form of manual " "pages. Nearly every program on the system comes with a short reference " @@ -13005,13 +13056,13 @@ "man 指令來檢視：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:8705 +#: book.translate.xml:8721 #, no-wrap msgid "% man command" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8707 +#: book.translate.xml:8723 msgid "" "where command is the name of the command to learn " "about. For example, to learn more about ls 的詳細用法，就可以打：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:8711 +#: book.translate.xml:8727 #, no-wrap msgid "% man ls" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8713 +#: book.translate.xml:8729 msgid "" "Manual pages are divided into sections which represent the type of topic. In " "FreeBSD, the following sections are available:" @@ -13037,52 +13088,52 @@ "章節：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8719 +#: book.translate.xml:8735 msgid "User commands." msgstr "使用者指令。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8723 +#: book.translate.xml:8739 msgid "System calls and error numbers." msgstr "系統呼叫 (System call) 與錯誤編號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8727 +#: book.translate.xml:8743 msgid "Functions in the C libraries." msgstr "C 程式庫函數。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8731 +#: book.translate.xml:8747 msgid "Device drivers." msgstr "裝置驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8735 +#: book.translate.xml:8751 msgid "File formats." msgstr "檔案格式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8739 +#: book.translate.xml:8755 msgid "Games and other diversions." msgstr "遊戲及其他程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8743 +#: book.translate.xml:8759 msgid "Miscellaneous information." msgstr "其他資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8747 +#: book.translate.xml:8763 msgid "System maintenance and operation commands." msgstr "系統維護與操作指令。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8751 +#: book.translate.xml:8767 msgid "System kernel interfaces." msgstr "系統核心介面。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8755 +#: book.translate.xml:8771 msgid "" "In some cases, the same topic may appear in more than one section of the " "online manual. For example, there is a chmod user command " @@ -13096,13 +13147,13 @@ "refentrytitle>1 要查詢的章節編號：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:8761 +#: book.translate.xml:8777 #, no-wrap msgid "% man 1 chmod" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8763 +#: book.translate.xml:8779 msgid "" "This will display the manual page for the user command " "chmod1 則是指系統呼叫。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8769 +#: book.translate.xml:8785 msgid "" "If the name of the manual page is unknown, use man -k to " "search for keywords in the manual page descriptions:" @@ -13130,13 +13181,13 @@ "操作手冊的描述：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:8773 +#: book.translate.xml:8789 #, no-wrap msgid "% man -k mail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8775 +#: book.translate.xml:8791 msgid "" "This command displays a list of commands that have the keyword mail in their descriptions. This is equivalent to using " @@ -13148,14 +13199,14 @@ "manvolnum>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8779 +#: book.translate.xml:8795 msgid "" "To read the descriptions for all of the commands in /usr/bin, type:" msgstr "想要閱讀所有在 /usr/bin 底下的指令說明則可輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:8782 +#: book.translate.xml:8798 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% cd /usr/bin\n" @@ -13164,12 +13215,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/para #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8785 book.translate.xml:49649 +#: book.translate.xml:8801 book.translate.xml:49889 msgid "or" msgstr "或" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:8787 +#: book.translate.xml:8803 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% cd /usr/bin\n" @@ -13177,12 +13228,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:8791 +#: book.translate.xml:8807 msgid "GNU Info Files" msgstr "GNU Info 檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:8797 +#: book.translate.xml:8813 msgid "" "FreeBSD includes several applications and utilities produced by the Free " "Software Foundation (FSF). In addition to manual pages, these programs may " @@ -13200,7 +13251,7 @@ "過 emacs 的 info 模式閱讀。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:8805 +#: book.translate.xml:8821 msgid "" "To use info1, type:" @@ -13209,13 +13260,13 @@ "manvolnum> 指令，只需輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:8807 +#: book.translate.xml:8823 #, no-wrap msgid "% info" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:8809 +#: book.translate.xml:8825 msgid "" "For a brief introduction, type h. For a quick command " "reference, type ?." @@ -13224,22 +13275,22 @@ "? 鍵。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:8823 +#: book.translate.xml:8839 msgid "Installing Applications: Packages and Ports" msgstr "安裝應用程式：套件與 Port" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:8828 +#: book.translate.xml:8844 msgid "ports" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:8829 +#: book.translate.xml:8845 msgid "packages" msgstr "套件" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8830 +#: book.translate.xml:8846 msgid "" "FreeBSD is bundled with a rich collection of system tools as part of the " "base system. In addition, FreeBSD provides two complementary technologies " @@ -13253,45 +13304,45 @@ "Binary 套件集。兩種方法都可使用本地的媒體或網路來安裝軟體。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8842 +#: book.translate.xml:8858 msgid "The difference between binary packages and ports." msgstr "Binary 套件集與 Port 的差別。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8846 +#: book.translate.xml:8862 msgid "How to find third-party software that has been ported to FreeBSD." msgstr "如何找到已移植到 FreeBSD 的第三方軟體。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8851 +#: book.translate.xml:8867 msgid "How to manage binary packages using pkg." msgstr "如何使用 pkg 管理 Binary 套件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8856 +#: book.translate.xml:8872 msgid "" "How to build third-party software from source using the Ports Collection." msgstr "如何編譯來自 Port 套件集的第三方軟體原始碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8861 +#: book.translate.xml:8877 msgid "" "How to find the files installed with the application for post-installation " "configuration." msgstr "如何找到應用程式已安裝的檔案來完成安裝後的設定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8866 +#: book.translate.xml:8882 msgid "What to do if a software installation fails." msgstr "若軟體安裝失敗要如何處理。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:8872 +#: book.translate.xml:8888 msgid "Overview of Software Installation" msgstr "安裝軟體的概要" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8874 +#: book.translate.xml:8890 msgid "" "The typical steps for installing third-party software on a UNIX system include:" @@ -13300,14 +13351,14 @@ "體時，有幾個步驟要作：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:8879 +#: book.translate.xml:8895 msgid "" "Find and download the software, which might be distributed in source code " "format or as a binary." msgstr "找到並且下載軟體，該軟體有可能以原始碼或 Binary 格式發佈。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:8884 +#: book.translate.xml:8900 msgid "" "Unpack the software from its distribution format. This is typically a " "tarball compressed with a program such as " @@ -13327,7 +13378,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:8891 +#: book.translate.xml:8907 msgid "" "Locate the documentation in INSTALL, README or some file in a doc/ subdirectory and read " @@ -13337,7 +13388,7 @@ "doc/ 子目錄底下的檔案閱讀如何安裝該軟體。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:8898 +#: book.translate.xml:8914 msgid "" "If the software was distributed in source format, compile it. This may " "involve editing a Makefile or running a " @@ -13347,12 +13398,12 @@ "Makefile 或執行 configure Script。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:8905 +#: book.translate.xml:8921 msgid "Test and install the software." msgstr "測試並安裝該軟體。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8909 +#: book.translate.xml:8925 msgid "" "A FreeBSD port is a collection of files designed to " "automate the process of compiling an application from source code. The files " @@ -13364,7 +13415,7 @@ "用程式的必要資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8916 +#: book.translate.xml:8932 msgid "" "If the software has not already been adapted and tested on FreeBSD, the " "source code might need editing in order for it to install and run properly." @@ -13372,7 +13423,7 @@ "若軟體尚未被 FreeBSD 採用並測試，可能會需要經過一些修正才能正常安裝並執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8920 +#: book.translate.xml:8936 msgid "" "However, over 24,000 third-party applications have already been ported to " @@ -13384,13 +13435,13 @@ "也會做成預先編譯好的 套件 (Package) 供下載。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8925 +#: book.translate.xml:8941 msgid "" "Packages can be manipulated with the FreeBSD package management commands." msgstr "這些 Binary 套件可使用 FreeBSD 套件管理指令來管理。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8929 +#: book.translate.xml:8945 msgid "" "Both packages and ports understand dependencies. If a package or port is " "used to install an application and a dependent library is not already " @@ -13400,7 +13451,7 @@ "式，且該應用程式若有相依的程式庫尚未被安裝，則會自動先安裝該程式庫。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8934 +#: book.translate.xml:8950 msgid "" "A FreeBSD package contains pre-compiled copies of all the commands for an " "application, as well as any configuration files and documentation. A package " @@ -13414,7 +13465,7 @@ "pkg install。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:8940 +#: book.translate.xml:8956 msgid "" "While the two technologies are similar, packages and ports each have their " "own strengths. Select the technology that meets your requirements for " @@ -13424,19 +13475,19 @@ "程式需求來選擇。" #. (itstool) path: itemizedlist/title -#: book.translate.xml:8946 +#: book.translate.xml:8962 msgid "Package Benefits" msgstr "Binary 套件優點" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8949 +#: book.translate.xml:8965 msgid "" "A compressed package tarball is typically smaller than the compressed " "tarball containing the source code for the application." msgstr "應用程式壓縮 Binary 套件的 tarball 會比壓縮原始碼的 tarball 還要小。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8955 +#: book.translate.xml:8971 msgid "" "Packages do not require compilation time. For large applications, such as " "Mozilla, KDE, or " @@ -13447,19 +13498,19 @@ "GNOME 這點顯的相當重要。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8963 +#: book.translate.xml:8979 msgid "" "Packages do not require any understanding of the process involved in " "compiling software on FreeBSD." msgstr "Binary 套件不需要了解在 FreeBSD 上編譯軟體的流程。" #. (itstool) path: itemizedlist/title -#: book.translate.xml:8969 +#: book.translate.xml:8985 msgid "Port Benefits" msgstr "Port 套件優點" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8972 +#: book.translate.xml:8988 msgid "" "Packages are normally compiled with conservative options because they have " "to run on the maximum number of systems. By compiling from the port, one can " @@ -13469,7 +13520,7 @@ "譯，由 Port 來編輯可更改編譯選項。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8979 +#: book.translate.xml:8995 msgid "" "Some applications have compile-time options relating to which features are " "installed. For example, Apache can be configured " @@ -13479,7 +13530,7 @@ "application> 便有大量不同的內建選項可以設定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:8984 +#: book.translate.xml:9000 msgid "" "In some cases, multiple packages will exist for the same application to " "specify certain settings. For example, GhostscriptFreeBSD ports mailing " @@ -13531,20 +13582,19 @@ "\">FreeBSD Port 問題郵遞論壇。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:9017 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:9033 msgid "" "Before installing any application, check for security issues related to the application or type " "pkg audit -F to check all installed applications for " "known vulnerabilities." msgstr "" -"在安裝任何應用程式之前，請先查看 是否有與該應用程式相關的安全性問題或輸入 pkg audit -F 是否有與該應用程式相關的安全性問題或輸入 pkg audit -F 來檢查所有已安裝的應用程式是否有已知的漏洞。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:9023 +#: book.translate.xml:9039 msgid "" "The remainder of this chapter explains how to use packages and ports to " "install and manage third-party software on FreeBSD." @@ -13553,12 +13603,12 @@ "三方軟體。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:9029 +#: book.translate.xml:9045 msgid "Finding Software" msgstr "搜尋軟體" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:9031 +#: book.translate.xml:9047 msgid "" "FreeBSD's list of available applications is growing all the time. There are " "a number of ways to find software to install:" @@ -13566,7 +13616,7 @@ "FreeBSD 上可安裝的軟體清單不斷在增加， 有幾種方式可以來找你想安裝的軟體：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:9037 +#: book.translate.xml:9053 msgid "" "The FreeBSD web site maintains an up-to-date searchable list of all the " "available applications, at 。 可以依應用程式名稱或軟體分類來搜尋 Port。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:9044 +#: book.translate.xml:9060 msgid "FreshPorts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:9046 +#: book.translate.xml:9062 msgid "" "Dan Langille maintains FreshPorts.org which provides a comprehensive search utility and " @@ -13597,12 +13647,12 @@ "新資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:9055 +#: book.translate.xml:9071 msgid "SourceForge" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:9057 +#: book.translate.xml:9073 msgid "" "If finding a particular application becomes challenging, try searching a " "site like SourceForge.netpkg search" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#pkg-search -#: book.translate.xml:9070 +#: book.translate.xml:9086 msgid "To search the binary package repository for an application:" msgstr "要搜尋 Binary 套件檔案庫中的應用程式可：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9073 +#: book.translate.xml:9089 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pkg search subversion\n" @@ -13646,7 +13696,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:9086 +#: book.translate.xml:9102 msgid "" "Package names include the version number and, in the case of ports based on " "python, the version number of the version of python the package was built " @@ -13667,7 +13717,7 @@ "pkg search 並加上 來列出每個套件來源：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9100 +#: book.translate.xml:9116 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pkg search -o subversion\n" @@ -13685,7 +13735,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:9113 +#: book.translate.xml:9129 msgid "" "Searching by shell globs, regular expressions, exact match, by description, " "or any other field in the repository database is also supported by " @@ -13701,7 +13751,7 @@ "manvolnum> 以取得更多詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:9122 +#: book.translate.xml:9138 msgid "" "If the Ports Collection is already installed, there are several methods to " "query the local version of the ports tree. To find out which category a port " @@ -13713,7 +13763,7 @@ "其中 file 是要安裝的程式：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9129 +#: book.translate.xml:9145 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# whereis lsof\n" @@ -13721,7 +13771,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:9132 +#: book.translate.xml:9148 msgid "" "Alternately, an echo1 statement can be used:" @@ -13730,7 +13780,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9135 +#: book.translate.xml:9151 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# echo /usr/ports/*/*lsof*\n" @@ -13738,7 +13788,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:9138 +#: book.translate.xml:9154 msgid "" "Note that this will also return any matched files downloaded into the " "/usr/ports/distfiles directory." @@ -13747,7 +13797,7 @@ "何已符合條件的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:9144 +#: book.translate.xml:9160 msgid "" "Another way to find software is by using the Ports Collection's built-in " "search mechanism. To use the search feature, cd " @@ -13761,7 +13811,7 @@ "name 代表軟體的名稱。舉例搜尋 lsof：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9153 +#: book.translate.xml:9169 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports\n" @@ -13776,7 +13826,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:9164 +#: book.translate.xml:9180 msgid "" "The built-in search mechanism uses a file of index information. If a message " "indicates that the INDEX is required, run make " @@ -13790,18 +13840,18 @@ "行請求的搜尋動作。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:9173 +#: book.translate.xml:9189 msgid "The Path: line indicates where to find the port." msgstr "Path: 此行代表 Port 的所在位置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:9176 +#: book.translate.xml:9192 msgid "" "To receive less information, use the quicksearch feature:" msgstr "若不要接受這麼多資訊，可使用 quicksearch 功能：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9179 +#: book.translate.xml:9195 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports\n" @@ -13812,7 +13862,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:9185 +#: book.translate.xml:9201 msgid "" "For more in-depth searching, use make search " "key=string or make quicksearch " @@ -13828,17 +13878,17 @@ "特定主題相關的 Port。" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:9196 +#: book.translate.xml:9212 msgid "search" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:9197 +#: book.translate.xml:9213 msgid "quicksearch" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:9196 +#: book.translate.xml:9212 msgid "" "When using <_:buildtarget-1/> or <_:buildtarget-2/>, the search string is " "case-insensitive. Searching for LSOF will yield the same " @@ -13848,12 +13898,12 @@ "尋 LSOF 會與搜尋 lsof 產生相同的結果。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:9206 +#: book.translate.xml:9222 msgid "Using pkg for Binary Package Management" msgstr "使用 pkg 管理 Binary 套件" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:9209 +#: book.translate.xml:9225 msgid "" "pkg is the next generation replacement for the " "traditional FreeBSD package management tools, offering many features that " @@ -13863,7 +13913,7 @@ "功能讓處理 Binary 套件更快更簡單。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:9214 +#: book.translate.xml:9230 msgid "" "For sites wishing to only use prebuilt binary packages from the FreeBSD " "mirrors, managing packages with pkg can be " @@ -13873,7 +13923,7 @@ "pkg 管理套件便已足夠。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:9218 +#: book.translate.xml:9234 msgid "" "However, for those sites building from source or using their own " "repositories, a separate port " @@ -13883,7 +13933,7 @@ "linkend=\"ports-upgrading-tools\">Port 管理工具。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:9222 +#: book.translate.xml:9238 msgid "" "Since pkg only works with binary packages, it is " "not a replacement for such tools. Those tools can be used to install " @@ -13895,12 +13945,12 @@ "pkg 僅能安裝 Binary 套件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:9231 +#: book.translate.xml:9247 msgid "Getting Started with pkg" msgstr "開始使用 pkg" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9234 +#: book.translate.xml:9250 msgid "" "FreeBSD includes a bootstrap utility which can be used to download and " "install pkg and its manual pages. This utility is " @@ -13912,8 +13962,7 @@ "replaceable> 之後使用。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:9241 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:9257 msgid "" "Not all FreeBSD versions and architectures support this bootstrap process. " "The current list is at . For " @@ -13921,34 +13970,34 @@ "the Ports Collection or as a binary package." msgstr "" "不是所有 FreeBSD 版本及架構支援此啟動程序，目前支援的清單列於 ，對不支援的版本，必須改透過 Port 套件集或" +"href=\"https://pkg.freebsd.org/\"/>，對不支援的版本，必須改透過 Port 套件集或" "者 Binary 套件來安裝 pkg。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9250 +#: book.translate.xml:9266 msgid "To bootstrap the system, run:" msgstr "要啟動 (Bootstrap) 系統請執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9252 +#: book.translate.xml:9268 #, no-wrap msgid "# /usr/sbin/pkg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9254 +#: book.translate.xml:9270 msgid "" "You must have a working Internet connection for the bootstrap process to " "succeed." msgstr "您必須有可用的網際網路連線供啟動程式使用方可成功。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9257 +#: book.translate.xml:9273 msgid "Otherwise, to install the port, run:" msgstr "否則，要安裝 Port 套件，則須執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9259 +#: book.translate.xml:9275 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg\n" @@ -13957,7 +14006,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9263 +#: book.translate.xml:9279 msgid "" "When upgrading an existing system that originally used the older pkg_* " "tools, the database must be converted to the new format, so that the new " @@ -13970,20 +14019,20 @@ "須執行以下指令將套件資料庫從舊版格式轉換到新版格式：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9271 +#: book.translate.xml:9287 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg2ng" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:9273 +#: book.translate.xml:9289 msgid "" "This step is not required for new installations that do not yet have any " "third-party software installed." msgstr "新安裝的版本因尚未安裝任何第三方軟體因此不須做這個步驟。" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:9278 +#: book.translate.xml:9294 msgid "" "This step is not reversible. Once the package database has been converted to " "the pkg format, the traditional pkg_*pkg_* 工具就不該再繼續使用。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:9285 +#: book.translate.xml:9301 msgid "" "The package database conversion may emit errors as the contents are " "converted to the new version. Generally, these errors can be safely ignored. " @@ -14006,7 +14055,7 @@ "單，這些應用程式則必須手動重新安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9293 +#: book.translate.xml:9309 msgid "" "To ensure that the Ports Collection registers new software with " "pkg instead of the traditional packages database, " @@ -14018,13 +14067,13 @@ "replaceable> 之前需要在 /etc/make.conf 加入此行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:9299 +#: book.translate.xml:9315 #, no-wrap msgid "WITH_PKGNG=\tyes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9301 +#: book.translate.xml:9317 msgid "" "By default, pkg uses the binary packages from the " "FreeBSD package mirrors (the repository). For " @@ -14036,7 +14085,7 @@ "案庫的資訊，請參考 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9308 +#: book.translate.xml:9324 msgid "" "Additional pkg configuration options are " "described in pkg.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9311 +#: book.translate.xml:9327 msgid "" "Usage information for pkg is available in the " "pkg8 操作手冊或不加任何參數執行 pkg 來取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9315 +#: book.translate.xml:9331 msgid "" "Each pkg command argument is documented in a " "command-specific manual page. To read the manual page for pkg " @@ -14069,19 +14118,19 @@ "pkg install 的操作手冊，可執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9320 +#: book.translate.xml:9336 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg help install" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9322 +#: book.translate.xml:9338 #, no-wrap msgid "# man pkg-install" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9324 +#: book.translate.xml:9340 msgid "" "The rest of this section demonstrates common binary package management tasks " "which can be performed using pkg. Each " @@ -14093,12 +14142,12 @@ "操作手冊以取得詳細資訊或更多範例。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:9333 +#: book.translate.xml:9349 msgid "Obtaining Information About Installed Packages" msgstr "取得有關已安裝套件的資訊" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9335 +#: book.translate.xml:9351 msgid "" "Information about the packages installed on a system can be viewed by " "running pkg info which, when run without any switches, " @@ -14109,14 +14158,14 @@ "行時未指定任何參數，將會列出所有已安裝或指定的套件版本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9341 +#: book.translate.xml:9357 msgid "" "For example, to see which version of pkg is " "installed, run:" msgstr "例如，要查看已安裝的 pkg 版本可執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9344 +#: book.translate.xml:9360 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pkg info pkg\n" @@ -14124,12 +14173,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:9349 +#: book.translate.xml:9365 msgid "Installing and Removing Packages" msgstr "安裝與移除套件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9351 +#: book.translate.xml:9367 msgid "" "To install a binary package use the following command, where " "packagename is the name of the package to install:" @@ -14138,13 +14187,13 @@ "replaceable> 為要安裝的套件名稱：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9355 +#: book.translate.xml:9371 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install packagename" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9357 +#: book.translate.xml:9373 msgid "" "This command uses repository data to determine which version of the software " "to install and if it has any uninstalled dependencies. For example, to " @@ -14154,7 +14203,7 @@ "例如，要安裝 curl：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9362 +#: book.translate.xml:9378 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pkg install curl\n" @@ -14181,14 +14230,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9384 +#: book.translate.xml:9400 msgid "" "The new package and any additional packages that were installed as " "dependencies can be seen in the installed packages list:" msgstr "新的套件以及任何做為相依安裝的額外套件可在已安裝的套件清單中看到：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9388 +#: book.translate.xml:9404 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pkg info\n" @@ -14198,14 +14247,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9393 +#: book.translate.xml:9409 msgid "" "Packages that are no longer needed can be removed with pkg delete. For example:" msgstr "不再需要的套件可以使用 pkg delete 來移除，例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9396 +#: book.translate.xml:9412 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pkg delete curl\n" @@ -14220,23 +14269,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:9408 +#: book.translate.xml:9424 msgid "Upgrading Installed Packages" msgstr "升級已安裝套件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9410 +#: book.translate.xml:9426 msgid "Installed packages can be upgraded to their latest versions by running:" msgstr "執行以下指令，可將已安裝的套件升級到最新版本：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9413 +#: book.translate.xml:9429 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg upgrade" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9415 +#: book.translate.xml:9431 msgid "" "This command will compare the installed versions with those available in the " "repository catalogue and upgrade them from the repository." @@ -14244,12 +14293,12 @@ "這個指令將會比對已安裝的版本與在檔案庫分類中的版本，並從檔案庫升級這些套件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:9421 +#: book.translate.xml:9437 msgid "Auditing Installed Packages" msgstr "稽查已安裝套件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9423 +#: book.translate.xml:9439 msgid "" "Software vulnerabilities are regularly discovered in third-party " "applications. To address this, pkg includes a " @@ -14262,28 +14311,28 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9430 book.translate.xml:26671 +#: book.translate.xml:9446 book.translate.xml:26765 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg audit -F" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:9434 -msgid "Automatically Removing Leaf Dependencies" -msgstr "自動移除不使用的相依" +#: book.translate.xml:9450 +msgid "Automatically Removing Unused Packages" +msgstr "自動移除未使用的套件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9436 +#: book.translate.xml:9452 msgid "" "Removing a package may leave behind dependencies which are no longer " -"required. Unneeded packages that were installed as dependencies can be " -"automatically detected and removed using:" +"required. Unneeded packages that were installed as dependencies (leaf " +"packages) can be automatically detected and removed using:" msgstr "" -"移除一個套件可能會留下不再需要使用的相依套件。不再需要的相依套件可以使用以下" -"指令自動偵測並移除：" +"移除一個套件可能會留下不再需要使用的相依套件。不再需要的相依套件是當初隨著其" +"套件所安裝的套件 (枝葉套件)，可以使用以下指令自動偵測並移除：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9441 +#: book.translate.xml:9457 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pkg autoremove\n" @@ -14296,13 +14345,100 @@ "Deinstalling ca_root_nss-3.15.1_1... done" msgstr "" +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:9466 +msgid "" +"Packages installed as dependencies are called automatic " +"packages. Non-automatic packages, i.e the packages that were explicity " +"installed not as a dependency to another package, can be listed using:" +msgstr "" +"因為相依所安裝的套件稱作 自動 (Automatic) 套件，而非自動" +"套件即套件被安裝的原因不是因為其他套件所相依，可以使用以下方式查詢：" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:9472 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# pkg prime-list\n" +"nginx\n" +"openvpn\n" +"sudo" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:9477 +msgid "" +"pkg prime-list is an alias command declared in /" +"usr/local/etc/pkg.conf. There are many others that can be used to " +"query the package database of the system. For instance, command pkg " +"prime-origins can be used to get the origin port directory of the " +"list mentioned above:" +msgstr "" +"pkg prime-list 是一個別名指令，定義在 /usr/" +"local/etc/pkg.conf，尚還有許多其他相關指令可以用來查詢系統的套件資" +"料庫，例如，指令 pkg prime-origins 可用來取得上述清單的來" +"源 Port 目錄：" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:9484 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# pkg prime-origins\n" +"www/nginx\n" +"security/openvpn\n" +"security/sudo" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:9489 +msgid "" +"This list can be used to rebuild all packages installed on a system using " +"build tools such as ports-mgmt/poudriere or " +"ports-mgmt/synth." +msgstr "" +"這份清單可以用來重新編譯所有安裝在系統中的套件，使用 ports-mgmt/" +"poudriere 或 ports-mgmt/synth 這類的編譯工具。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:9494 +msgid "Marking an installed package as automatic can be done using:" +msgstr "要將一個安裝好的套件註記成為 \"自動\" 可以用：" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:9497 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# pkg set -A 1 devel/cmake" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:9499 +msgid "" +"Once a package is a leaf package and is marked as automatic, it gets " +"selected by pkg autoremove." +msgstr "" +"當套件為末端套件 (Leaf Package) 且被註記為 \"自動\"，則會被 pkg " +"autoremove 挑選出來。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:9503 +msgid "" +"Marking an installed package as not automatic can be " +"done using:" +msgstr "要註記一個安裝好的套件為 \"非自動\" 可以用：" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:9506 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# pkg set -A 0 devel/cmake" +msgstr "" + #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:9452 +#: book.translate.xml:9511 msgid "Restoring the Package Database" msgstr "還原套件資料庫" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9454 +#: book.translate.xml:9513 msgid "" "Unlike the traditional package management system, pkg includes its own package database backup mechanism. This " @@ -14312,7 +14448,7 @@ "機制，此功能預設是開啟的。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:9460 +#: book.translate.xml:9519 msgid "" "To disable the periodic script from backing up the package database, set " "daily_backup_pkgdb_enable=\"NO\" in " @@ -14324,7 +14460,7 @@ "daily_backup_pkgdb_enable=\"NO\"。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9466 +#: book.translate.xml:9525 msgid "" "To restore the contents of a previous package database backup, run the " "following command replacing /path/to/pkg.sql with " @@ -14334,20 +14470,20 @@ "sql 替換為備份的位置：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9471 +#: book.translate.xml:9530 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg backup -r /path/to/pkg.sql" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:9474 +#: book.translate.xml:9533 msgid "" "If restoring a backup taken by the periodic script, it must be decompressed " "prior to being restored." msgstr "若要還原有週期 Script 所產生的備份必須在還原前先解壓縮。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9478 +#: book.translate.xml:9537 msgid "" "To run a manual backup of the pkg database, run " "the following command, replacing /path/to/pkg.sql " @@ -14357,18 +14493,18 @@ "/path/to/pkg.sql 為適當的檔案名稱與位置：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9483 +#: book.translate.xml:9542 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg backup -d /path/to/pkg.sql" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:9487 +#: book.translate.xml:9546 msgid "Removing Stale Packages" msgstr "移除過時的套件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9489 +#: book.translate.xml:9548 msgid "" "By default, pkg stores binary packages in a cache " "directory defined by PKG_CACHEDIR in " @@ -14384,29 +14520,29 @@ "要移除這些過時的 Binary 套件，可執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9496 +#: book.translate.xml:9555 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg clean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9498 +#: book.translate.xml:9557 msgid "The entire cache may be cleared by running:" msgstr "使用以下指令可清空全部的快取：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9500 +#: book.translate.xml:9559 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg clean -a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:9504 +#: book.translate.xml:9563 msgid "Modifying Package Metadata" msgstr "修改套件 Metadata" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9506 +#: book.translate.xml:9565 msgid "" "Software within the FreeBSD Ports Collection can undergo major version " "number changes. To address this, pkg has a built-" @@ -14421,18 +14557,18 @@ "lang/php5 從此之後代表版本 5.4。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9515 +#: book.translate.xml:9574 msgid "To change the package origin for the above example, run:" msgstr "要更改上述例子中的套件來源，可執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9518 +#: book.translate.xml:9577 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg set -o lang/php5:lang/php53" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9520 +#: book.translate.xml:9579 msgid "" "As another example, to update lang/ruby18 to " "lang/ruby19, run:" @@ -14441,13 +14577,13 @@ "package>，可執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9524 +#: book.translate.xml:9583 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg set -o lang/ruby18:lang/ruby19" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9526 +#: book.translate.xml:9585 msgid "" "As a final example, to change the origin of the libglut " "shared libraries from graphics/libglut to " @@ -14458,13 +14594,13 @@ "package> 可執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9531 +#: book.translate.xml:9590 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg set -o graphics/libglut:graphics/freeglut" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:9534 +#: book.translate.xml:9593 msgid "" "When changing package origins, it is important to reinstall packages that " "are dependent on the package with the modified origin. To force a " @@ -14474,18 +14610,18 @@ "修改後的來源。要強制重新安裝相依套件，可執行：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9539 +#: book.translate.xml:9598 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install -Rf graphics/freeglut" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:9545 +#: book.translate.xml:9604 msgid "Using the Ports Collection" msgstr "使用 Port 套件集" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:9547 +#: book.translate.xml:9606 msgid "" "The Ports Collection is a set of Makefiles, patches, " "and description files. Each set of these files is used to compile and " @@ -14497,14 +14633,14 @@ "Port。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:9553 +#: book.translate.xml:9612 msgid "" "By default, the Ports Collection itself is stored as a subdirectory of " "/usr/ports." msgstr "預設，Port 套件集儲存在 /usr/ports 的子目錄下。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:9556 +#: book.translate.xml:9615 msgid "" "Before an application can be compiled using a port, the Ports Collection " "must first be installed. If it was not installed during the installation of " @@ -14514,12 +14650,12 @@ "沒有安裝，可以使用以下其中一種方式安裝：" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:9562 +#: book.translate.xml:9621 msgid "Portsnap Method" msgstr "Portsnap 方法" #. (itstool) path: procedure/para -#: book.translate.xml:9564 +#: book.translate.xml:9623 msgid "" "The base system of FreeBSD includes Portsnap. " "This is a fast and user-friendly tool for retrieving the Ports Collection " @@ -14533,7 +14669,7 @@ "有已下載檔案的完整性。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:9573 +#: book.translate.xml:9632 msgid "" "To download a compressed snapshot of the Ports Collection into /" "var/db/portsnap:" @@ -14542,13 +14678,13 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9577 +#: book.translate.xml:9636 #, no-wrap msgid "# portsnap fetch" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:9581 +#: book.translate.xml:9640 msgid "" "When running Portsnap for the first time, extract " "the snapshot into /usr/ports:" @@ -14557,13 +14693,13 @@ "/usr/ports：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9585 +#: book.translate.xml:9644 #, no-wrap msgid "# portsnap extract" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:9589 +#: book.translate.xml:9648 msgid "" "After the first use of Portsnap has been " "completed as shown above, /usr/ports can be updated as " @@ -14573,7 +14709,7 @@ "需要執行以下指令來更新 /usr/ports ：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9594 +#: book.translate.xml:9653 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# portsnap fetch\n" @@ -14581,7 +14717,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:9597 +#: book.translate.xml:9656 msgid "" "When using fetch, the extract or the " "update operation may be run consecutively, like so:" @@ -14590,18 +14726,18 @@ "update 如：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9601 +#: book.translate.xml:9660 #, no-wrap msgid "# portsnap fetch update" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:9606 +#: book.translate.xml:9665 msgid "Subversion Method" msgstr "Subversion 方法" #. (itstool) path: procedure/para -#: book.translate.xml:9608 +#: book.translate.xml:9667 msgid "" "If more control over the ports tree is needed or if local changes need to be " "maintained, Subversion can be used to obtain the " @@ -14617,7 +14753,7 @@ "Subversion 的詳細說明。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:9616 +#: book.translate.xml:9675 msgid "" "Subversion must be installed before it can be " "used to check out the ports tree. If a copy of the ports tree is already " @@ -14629,7 +14765,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/screen #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9621 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:9680 book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/devel/subversion\n" @@ -14637,7 +14773,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:9624 +#: book.translate.xml:9683 msgid "" "If the ports tree is not available, or pkg is " "being used to manage packages, Subversion can be " @@ -14648,25 +14784,25 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/screen #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9629 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:9688 book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install subversion" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:9634 +#: book.translate.xml:9693 msgid "Check out a copy of the ports tree:" msgstr "取出 Port 樹的複本：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9636 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:9695 book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "# svn checkout https://svn.FreeBSD.org/ports/head /usr/ports" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:9640 +#: book.translate.xml:9699 msgid "" "As needed, update /usr/ports after the initial " "Subversion checkout:" @@ -14676,13 +14812,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/screen #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9644 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:9703 book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "# svn update /usr/ports" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:9648 +#: book.translate.xml:9707 msgid "" "The Ports Collection contains directories for software categories. Inside " "each category are subdirectories for individual applications. Each " @@ -14696,7 +14832,7 @@ "錄：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:9658 +#: book.translate.xml:9717 msgid "" "Makefile: contains statements that specify how the " "application should be compiled and where its components should be installed." @@ -14705,7 +14841,7 @@ "那的敘述句。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:9664 +#: book.translate.xml:9723 msgid "" "distinfo: contains the names and checksums of the files " "that must be downloaded to build the port." @@ -14714,7 +14850,7 @@ "(Checksum)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:9670 +#: book.translate.xml:9729 msgid "" "files/: this directory contains any patches needed for " "the program to compile and install on FreeBSD. This directory may also " @@ -14724,14 +14860,14 @@ "檔。此目錄也可能含有其他用來編譯 Port 的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:9677 +#: book.translate.xml:9736 msgid "" "pkg-descr: provides a more detailed description of the " "program." msgstr "pkg-descr：提供程式更詳細的說明。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:9682 +#: book.translate.xml:9741 msgid "" "pkg-plist: a list of all the files that will be " "installed by the port. It also tells the ports system which files to remove " @@ -14741,7 +14877,7 @@ "統解除安裝時要移除那一些檔案。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:9689 +#: book.translate.xml:9748 msgid "" "Some ports include pkg-message or other files to handle " "special situations. For more details on these files, and on ports in " @@ -14755,7 +14891,7 @@ "\">FreeBSD Porter's Handbook。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:9694 +#: book.translate.xml:9753 msgid "" "The port does not include the actual source code, also known as a " "distfile. The extract portion of building a port will " @@ -14766,17 +14902,17 @@ "壓縮時會自動下載的原始碼到 /usr/ports/distfiles。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:9700 +#: book.translate.xml:9759 msgid "Installing Ports" msgstr "安裝 Port" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:9702 +#: book.translate.xml:9761 msgid "ports installing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9707 +#: book.translate.xml:9766 msgid "" "This section provides basic instructions on using the Ports Collection to " "install or remove software. The detailed description of available " @@ -14790,8 +14926,7 @@ "citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:9713 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:9772 msgid "" "Before compiling any port, be sure to update the Ports Collection as " "described in the previous section. Since the installation of any third-party " @@ -14807,7 +14942,7 @@ msgstr "" "在編譯任何 Port 套件前，請先確認已經如前章節所敘述之方法更新 Port 套件集。安" "裝任何第三方軟體皆可能會導致安全性漏洞，建議在安裝前先閱讀 了解 Port 已知的安全性問題。或者在每次安裝" +"\"https://vuxml.freebsd.org/\"/> 了解 Port 已知的安全性問題。或者在每次安裝" "新 Port 前執行 pkg audit -F。此指令可以設定在每日系統安全" "性檢查時自動完成安全性稽查以及更新漏洞資料庫。要取得更多資訊，請參考 " "pkg-audit88。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9727 +#: book.translate.xml:9786 msgid "" "Using the Ports Collection assumes a working Internet connection. It also " "requires superuser privilege." @@ -14823,7 +14958,7 @@ "使用 Port 套件集會假設您擁有可正常連線的網路，同時也會需要超級使用者的權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9730 +#: book.translate.xml:9789 msgid "" "To compile and install the port, change to the directory of the port to be " "installed, then type make install at the prompt. Messages " @@ -14833,7 +14968,7 @@ "install，訊息中會顯示安裝的進度：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9735 +#: book.translate.xml:9794 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof\n" @@ -14871,7 +15006,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9768 +#: book.translate.xml:9827 msgid "" "Since lsof is a program that runs with increased " "privileges, a security warning is displayed as it is installed. Once the " @@ -14881,7 +15016,7 @@ "成時會顯示安全性警告。一旦安裝完成便會顯示指令提示。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9773 +#: book.translate.xml:9832 msgid "" "Some shells keep a cache of the commands that are available in the " "directories listed in the PATH environment variable, to speed " @@ -14898,7 +15033,7 @@ "的說明文件以取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9784 +#: book.translate.xml:9843 msgid "" "During installation, a working subdirectory is created which contains all " "the temporary files used during compilation. Removing this directory saves " @@ -14909,7 +15044,7 @@ "碟空間並漸少往後升級新版 Port 時造成問題：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9790 +#: book.translate.xml:9849 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# make clean\n" @@ -14918,7 +15053,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:9795 +#: book.translate.xml:9854 msgid "" "To save this extra step, instead use make install clean " "when compiling the port." @@ -14927,12 +15062,12 @@ "command>。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:9800 +#: book.translate.xml:9859 msgid "Customizing Ports Installation" msgstr "自訂 Port 安裝" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:9802 +#: book.translate.xml:9861 msgid "" "Some ports provide build options which can be used to enable or disable " "application components, provide security options, or allow for other " @@ -14955,17 +15090,17 @@ "與安裝該 Port。" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:9818 +#: book.translate.xml:9877 msgid "config-recursive" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:9820 +#: book.translate.xml:9879 msgid "all-depends-list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:9817 +#: book.translate.xml:9876 msgid "" "When using <_:buildtarget-1/>, the list of ports to configure are gathered " "by the <_:buildtarget-2/> target. It is recommended to run make " @@ -14979,7 +15114,7 @@ "已經設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:9828 +#: book.translate.xml:9887 msgid "" "There are several ways to revisit a port's build options menu in order to " "add, remove, or change these options after a port has been built. One method " @@ -15000,7 +15135,7 @@ "citerefentry> 中都有詳細的說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:9840 +#: book.translate.xml:9899 msgid "" "The ports system uses fetch1 to download the source " @@ -15020,7 +15155,7 @@ "單。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:9848 +#: book.translate.xml:9907 msgid "" "For users who cannot be connected to the Internet all the time, " "make fetch can be run within /usr/portsmake fetch-recursive 來下載所有相依 Port 的 distfiles。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:9860 +#: book.translate.xml:9919 msgid "" "In rare cases, such as when an organization has a local distfiles " "repository, the MASTER_SITES variable can be used to " @@ -15051,7 +15186,7 @@ "指定的下載位址。當要指定替代的位址時可：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9866 +#: book.translate.xml:9925 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/directory\n" @@ -15060,7 +15195,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:9870 +#: book.translate.xml:9929 msgid "" "The WRKDIRPREFIX and PREFIX variables " "can override the default working and target directories. For example:" @@ -15069,13 +15204,13 @@ "覆蓋預設的工作及目標目錄。例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9874 +#: book.translate.xml:9933 #, no-wrap msgid "# make WRKDIRPREFIX=/usr/home/example/ports install" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:9876 +#: book.translate.xml:9935 msgid "" "will compile the port in /usr/home/example/ports and " "install everything under /usr/local." @@ -15084,13 +15219,13 @@ "到 /usr/local 下。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9880 +#: book.translate.xml:9939 #, no-wrap msgid "# make PREFIX=/usr/home/example/local install" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:9882 +#: book.translate.xml:9941 msgid "" "will compile the port in /usr/ports and install it in " "/usr/home/example/local. And:" @@ -15099,18 +15234,18 @@ "example/local。然後：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9886 +#: book.translate.xml:9945 #, no-wrap msgid "# make WRKDIRPREFIX=../ports PREFIX=../local install" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:9888 +#: book.translate.xml:9947 msgid "will combine the two." msgstr "來同時設定工作及目標目錄。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:9890 +#: book.translate.xml:9949 msgid "" "These can also be set as environmental variables. Refer to the manual page " "for your shell for instructions on how to set an environmental variable." @@ -15119,17 +15254,17 @@ "變數的說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:9897 +#: book.translate.xml:9956 msgid "Removing Installed Ports" msgstr "移除已安裝的 Port" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:9899 +#: book.translate.xml:9958 msgid "ports removing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9904 +#: book.translate.xml:9963 msgid "" "Installed ports can be uninstalled using pkg delete. " "Examples for using this command can be found in the " @@ -15141,14 +15276,14 @@ "refentrytitle>8 操作手冊找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9908 +#: book.translate.xml:9967 msgid "" "Alternately, make deinstall can be run in the port's " "directory:" msgstr "或者，可在 Port 的目錄下執行 make deinstall：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9911 +#: book.translate.xml:9970 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof\n" @@ -15164,7 +15299,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9922 +#: book.translate.xml:9981 msgid "" "It is recommended to read the messages as the port is uninstalled. If the " "port has any applications that depend upon it, this information will be " @@ -15176,17 +15311,17 @@ "壞相依性。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:9931 +#: book.translate.xml:9990 msgid "Upgrading Ports" msgstr "升級 Port" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:9933 +#: book.translate.xml:9992 msgid "ports upgrading" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9938 +#: book.translate.xml:9997 msgid "" "Over time, newer versions of software become available in the Ports " "Collection. This section describes how to determine which software can be " @@ -15196,7 +15331,7 @@ "級的軟體及如何升級。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9943 +#: book.translate.xml:10002 msgid "" "To determine if newer versions of installed ports are available, ensure that " "the latest version of the ports tree is installed, using the updating " @@ -15213,13 +15348,13 @@ "安裝的 Port 中有那些已過時：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9952 +#: book.translate.xml:10011 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg version -l \"<\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:9954 +#: book.translate.xml:10013 msgid "" "For FreeBSD 9.X and lower, the following command " "will list the installed ports that are out of date:" @@ -15228,13 +15363,13 @@ "已經安裝的 Port 中有那些已過時：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:9958 +#: book.translate.xml:10017 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg_version -l \"<\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:9961 +#: book.translate.xml:10020 msgid "" "Before attempting an upgrade, read /usr/ports/UPDATING " "from the top of the file to the date closest to the last time ports were " @@ -15252,25 +15387,24 @@ "升級。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:9976 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:10035 msgid "Tools to Upgrade and Manage Ports" msgstr "升級與管理 Port 的工具" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:9978 +#: book.translate.xml:10037 msgid "ports upgrading-tools" msgstr "ports upgrading-tools" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:9983 +#: book.translate.xml:10042 msgid "" "The Ports Collection contains several utilities to perform the actual " "upgrade. Each has its strengths and weaknesses." msgstr "Port 套件集含有數個工具可以進行升級，每一種工具都有其優點及缺點。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:9987 +#: book.translate.xml:10046 msgid "" "Historically, most installations used either Portmaster or Portupgrade. Synth 可使用。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:9994 +#: book.translate.xml:10053 msgid "" "The choice of which tool is best for a particular system is up to the system " "administrator. It is recommended practice to back up your data before using " @@ -15291,17 +15425,17 @@ "先備份資料。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:10003 +#: book.translate.xml:10062 msgid "Upgrading Ports Using Portmaster" msgstr "使用 Portmaster 升級 Port" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:10006 +#: book.translate.xml:10065 msgid "portmaster" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10010 +#: book.translate.xml:10069 msgid "" "ports-mgmt/portmaster is a very small utility for " "upgrading installed ports. It is designed to use the tools installed with " @@ -15313,7 +15447,7 @@ "FreeBSD 使用，要使用 Port 安裝此工具可：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10018 +#: book.translate.xml:10077 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmaster\n" @@ -15321,38 +15455,38 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10021 +#: book.translate.xml:10080 msgid "Portmaster defines four categories of ports:" msgstr "Portmaster 將 Port 定義成四種類型：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10026 +#: book.translate.xml:10085 msgid "" "Root port: has no dependencies and is not a dependency of any other ports." msgstr "根 Port：沒有相依且也不被任何其他 Port 相依。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10031 +#: book.translate.xml:10090 msgid "Trunk port: has no dependencies, but other ports depend upon it." msgstr "主幹 Port：沒有相依，但被其他 Port 相依。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10036 +#: book.translate.xml:10095 msgid "Branch port: has dependencies and other ports depend upon it." msgstr "分支 Port：有相依，且其被其他 Port 相依。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10041 +#: book.translate.xml:10100 msgid "Leaf port: has dependencies but no other ports depend upon it." msgstr "枝 Port：有相依，但沒有被其他 Port 相依。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10046 +#: book.translate.xml:10105 msgid "To list these categories and search for updates:" msgstr "要列出這幾個分類並搜尋是否有新版：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10048 +#: book.translate.xml:10107 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# portmaster -L\n" @@ -15379,18 +15513,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10070 +#: book.translate.xml:10129 msgid "This command is used to upgrade all outdated ports:" msgstr "此指令用來升級所有過時的 Port：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10073 +#: book.translate.xml:10132 #, no-wrap msgid "# portmaster -a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:10076 +#: book.translate.xml:10135 msgid "" "By default, Portmaster makes a backup package " "before deleting the existing port. If the installation of the new version is " @@ -15413,7 +15547,7 @@ "用法。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10090 +#: book.translate.xml:10149 msgid "" "If errors are encountered during the upgrade process, add 來升級並重新編譯所有 Port：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10094 book.translate.xml:44805 +#: book.translate.xml:10153 book.translate.xml:45046 #, no-wrap msgid "# portmaster -af" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10096 +#: book.translate.xml:10155 msgid "" "Portmaster can also be used to install new ports " "on the system, upgrading all dependencies before building and installing the " @@ -15439,13 +15573,13 @@ "中的位置：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10102 +#: book.translate.xml:10161 #, no-wrap msgid "# portmaster shells/bash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10104 +#: book.translate.xml:10163 msgid "" "More information about ports-mgmt/portmaster may be found " "in its pkg-descr." @@ -15454,17 +15588,17 @@ "descr 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:10110 +#: book.translate.xml:10169 msgid "Upgrading Ports Using Portupgrade" msgstr "使用 Portupgrade 升級 Port" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:10112 +#: book.translate.xml:10171 msgid "portupgrade" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10116 +#: book.translate.xml:10175 msgid "" "ports-mgmt/portupgrade is another utility that can be " "used to upgrade ports. It installs a suite of applications which can be used " @@ -15475,7 +15609,7 @@ "Port：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10122 +#: book.translate.xml:10181 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portupgrade\n" @@ -15483,7 +15617,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10125 +#: book.translate.xml:10184 msgid "" "Before performing an upgrade using this utility, it is recommended to scan " "the list of installed ports using pkgdb -F and to fix all " @@ -15493,7 +15627,7 @@ "Port 並修正該指令回報的所有資訊不一致的套件。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10130 +#: book.translate.xml:10189 msgid "" "To upgrade all the outdated ports installed on the system, use " "portupgrade -a. Alternately, include " @@ -15503,13 +15637,13 @@ "或者加上 會在每個套件升級時詢問確認：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10135 +#: book.translate.xml:10194 #, no-wrap msgid "# portupgrade -ai" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10137 +#: book.translate.xml:10196 msgid "" "To upgrade only a specified application instead of all available ports, use " "portupgrade pkgname. It is " @@ -15521,13 +15655,13 @@ "R 來先升級指定應用程式所有相依的 Port：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10143 +#: book.translate.xml:10202 #, no-wrap msgid "# portupgrade -R firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10145 +#: book.translate.xml:10204 msgid "" "If is included, Portupgrade " "searches for available packages in the local directories listed in " @@ -15546,13 +15680,13 @@ "可用時放棄安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10158 +#: book.translate.xml:10217 #, no-wrap msgid "# portupgrade -PP gnome3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10160 +#: book.translate.xml:10219 msgid "" "To just fetch the port distfiles, or packages, if is " "specified, without building or installing anything, use . " @@ -15564,7 +15698,7 @@ "command> 的操作手冊來取得所有可用選項的更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10166 +#: book.translate.xml:10225 msgid "" "More information about ports-mgmt/portupgrade may be " "found in its pkg-descr." @@ -15573,17 +15707,17 @@ "pkg-descr 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10174 +#: book.translate.xml:10233 msgid "Ports and Disk Space" msgstr "Port 與磁碟空間" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:10176 +#: book.translate.xml:10235 msgid "ports disk-space" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10181 +#: book.translate.xml:10240 msgid "" "Using the Ports Collection will use up disk space over time. After building " "and installing a port, running make clean within the " @@ -15602,13 +15736,13 @@ "地複本中找到的 work 目錄：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10192 +#: book.translate.xml:10251 #, no-wrap msgid "# portsclean -C" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10194 +#: book.translate.xml:10253 msgid "" "In addition, outdated source distribution files accumulate in /usr/" "ports/distfiles over time. To use Portupgrade# portsclean -D" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10202 +#: book.translate.xml:10261 msgid "" "Portupgrade can remove all distfiles not " "referenced by any port currently installed on the system:" @@ -15635,31 +15769,31 @@ "Port 所引用的 distfiles：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10206 +#: book.translate.xml:10265 #, no-wrap msgid "# portsclean -DD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10208 +#: book.translate.xml:10267 msgid "If Portmaster is installed, use:" msgstr "若有安裝 Portmaster，則可使用：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10211 +#: book.translate.xml:10270 #, no-wrap msgid "# portmaster --clean-distfiles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10213 +#: book.translate.xml:10272 msgid "" "By default, this command is interactive and prompts the user to confirm if a " "distfile should be deleted." msgstr "預設，若 distfile 應要被刪除，這個指令會以互動的方式向使用者確認。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10216 +#: book.translate.xml:10275 msgid "" "In addition to these commands, ports-mgmt/pkg_cutleaves " "automates the task of removing installed ports that are no longer needed." @@ -15668,12 +15802,12 @@ "要使用的 Port。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10224 +#: book.translate.xml:10283 msgid "Building Packages with Poudriere" msgstr "使用 Poudriere 編譯套件" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10227 +#: book.translate.xml:10286 msgid "" "Poudriere is a BSD-licensed " "utility for creating and testing FreeBSD packages. It uses FreeBSD jails to " @@ -15694,7 +15828,7 @@ "用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10238 +#: book.translate.xml:10297 msgid "" "Poudriere is installed using the ports-mgmt/poudriere package or port. The installation " @@ -15709,7 +15843,7 @@ "的設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10246 +#: book.translate.xml:10305 msgid "" "While ZFS is not required on the system running " "poudriere, it is beneficial. When ZFSpoudriere so that " "it installs a jail with the required FreeBSD tree and a ports tree. Specify " @@ -15769,7 +15903,7 @@ "構。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10279 +#: book.translate.xml:10338 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# poudriere jail -c -j 10amd64 -v 10.0-RELEASE\n" @@ -15791,7 +15925,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10296 +#: book.translate.xml:10355 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# poudriere ports -c -p local\n" @@ -15826,7 +15960,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10326 +#: book.translate.xml:10385 msgid "" "On a single computer, poudriere can build ports " "with multiple configurations, in multiple jails, and from different port " @@ -15844,7 +15978,7 @@ "citerefentry> 中的 CUSTOMIZATION 章節來取得詳細的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10335 +#: book.translate.xml:10394 msgid "" "The basic configuration shown here puts a single jail-, port-, and set-" "specific make.conf in /usr/local/etc/" @@ -15862,7 +15996,7 @@ "併為編譯 Jail 要使用的 make.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10345 +#: book.translate.xml:10404 msgid "" "Packages to be built are entered in 10amd64-local-" "workstation-pkglist:" @@ -15871,7 +16005,7 @@ "replaceable>-pkglist：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:10348 +#: book.translate.xml:10407 #, no-wrap msgid "" "editors/emacs\n" @@ -15881,29 +16015,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10353 +#: book.translate.xml:10412 msgid "Options and dependencies for the specified ports are configured:" msgstr "可使用以下方式設定選項及相依：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10356 +#: book.translate.xml:10415 #, no-wrap msgid "# poudriere options -j 10amd64 -p local -z workstation -f 10amd64-local-workstation-pkglist" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10358 +#: book.translate.xml:10417 msgid "Finally, packages are built and a package repository is created:" msgstr "最後，編譯套件並建立套件檔案庫：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10361 +#: book.translate.xml:10420 #, no-wrap msgid "# poudriere bulk -j 10amd64 -p local -z workstation -f 10amd64-local-workstation-pkglist" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10363 +#: book.translate.xml:10422 msgid "" "While running, pressing Ctrlt displays the current state of the " @@ -15918,7 +16052,7 @@ "示編譯資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10370 +#: book.translate.xml:10429 msgid "" "After completion, the new packages are now available for installation from " "the poudriere repository." @@ -15927,7 +16061,7 @@ "裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10374 +#: book.translate.xml:10433 msgid "" "For more information on using poudriere, see " "poudriere。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10379 +#: book.translate.xml:10438 msgid "Configuring pkg Clients to Use a Poudriere Repository" msgstr "設定 pkg 客戶端使用 Poudriere 檔案庫" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10382 +#: book.translate.xml:10441 msgid "" "While it is possible to use both a custom repository along side of the " "official repository, sometimes it is useful to disable the official " @@ -15958,7 +16092,7 @@ "etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf 包含以下內容：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:10390 +#: book.translate.xml:10449 #, no-wrap msgid "" "FreeBSD: {\n" @@ -15967,7 +16101,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10394 +#: book.translate.xml:10453 msgid "" "Usually it is easiest to serve a poudriere repository to the client machines " "via HTTP. Set up a webserver to serve up the package directory, for " @@ -15981,7 +16115,7 @@ "filename> 是編譯的名稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10401 +#: book.translate.xml:10460 msgid "" "If the URL to the package repository is: http://pkg.example." "com/10amd64, then the repository configuration file in /" @@ -15992,7 +16126,7 @@ "案庫設定檔為：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:10407 +#: book.translate.xml:10466 #, no-wrap msgid "" "custom: {\n" @@ -16002,12 +16136,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10415 +#: book.translate.xml:10474 msgid "Post-Installation Considerations" msgstr "安裝後的注意事項" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10417 +#: book.translate.xml:10476 msgid "" "Regardless of whether the software was installed from a binary package or " "port, most third-party applications require some level of configuration " @@ -16018,7 +16152,7 @@ "設定，下列指令與位置可以用來協助找到應用程式安裝了什麼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10425 +#: book.translate.xml:10484 msgid "" "Most applications install at least one default configuration file in " "/usr/local/etc. In cases where an application has a " @@ -16035,7 +16169,7 @@ "除 .sample 副檔名。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10438 +#: book.translate.xml:10497 msgid "" "Applications which provide documentation will install it into /usr/" "local/share/doc and many applications also install manual pages. " @@ -16045,7 +16179,7 @@ "應用程式也同時會安裝操作手冊，在繼續使用應用程式前應先查看這些文件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10445 +#: book.translate.xml:10504 msgid "" "Some applications run services which must be added to /etc/rc." "conf before starting the application. These applications usually " @@ -16059,7 +16193,7 @@ "services\">啟動服務 來取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:10453 +#: book.translate.xml:10512 msgid "" "By design, applications do not run their startup script upon installation, " "nor do they run their stop script upon deinstallation or upgrade. This " @@ -16069,7 +16203,7 @@ "中止 Script，這留給各系統的管理者去做決定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10462 +#: book.translate.xml:10521 msgid "" "Users of csh1 should run rehash to rebuild " @@ -16080,7 +16214,7 @@ "單到 Shell 的 PATH。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10468 +#: book.translate.xml:10527 msgid "" "Use pkg info to determine which files, man pages, and " "binaries were installed with the application." @@ -16089,17 +16223,17 @@ "Binary。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10476 +#: book.translate.xml:10535 msgid "Dealing with Broken Ports" msgstr "處理損壞的 Port" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10478 +#: book.translate.xml:10537 msgid "When a port does not build or install, try the following:" msgstr "當發現某個 Port 無法順利編譯或安裝，可以嘗試以下幾種方法解決：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10483 +#: book.translate.xml:10542 msgid "" "Search to see if there is a fix pending for the port in the Problem Report database. If so, " @@ -16109,7 +16243,7 @@ "link> 看該 Port 有沒有待審核的修正，若有的話可以使用該修正來修正問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10490 +#: book.translate.xml:10549 msgid "" "Ask the maintainer of the port for help. Type make maintainer in the ports skeleton or read the port's Makefile 中的 $FreeBSD: 一整行及輸出的錯誤訊息。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:10500 +#: book.translate.xml:10559 msgid "" "Some ports are not maintained by an individual but instead by a group " "maintainer represented by a 都是，寄信時記得代入實際的論壇名稱。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:10507 +#: book.translate.xml:10566 msgid "" "In particular, ports maintained by ports@FreeBSD.org are not maintained by a specific individual. Instead, any fixes and " @@ -16151,7 +16285,7 @@ "提供，我們隨時歡迎志工參與!" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10515 +#: book.translate.xml:10574 msgid "" "If there is no response to the email, use Bugzilla to submit a bug report " "using the instructions in 的說明使用 Bugzilla 提出問題回報。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10522 +#: book.translate.xml:10581 msgid "" "Fix it! The Porter's Handbook includes detailed " @@ -16172,10 +16306,10 @@ msgstr "" "自行修正看看！Porter's Handbook 中含有 Port 基礎架構的" -"詳細資訊，可提供資訊讓您可修正偶然損壞的 Port 或甚至您可以提交之自己的 Port。" +"詳細資訊，可提供資訊讓您可修正偶然損壞的 Port 或甚至您可以提交之自己的 Port！" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10529 +#: book.translate.xml:10588 msgid "" "Install the package instead of the port using the instructions in ." @@ -16184,12 +16318,12 @@ "安裝。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:10559 +#: book.translate.xml:10618 msgid "The X Window System" msgstr "X Window 系統" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10564 +#: book.translate.xml:10623 msgid "" "An installation of FreeBSD using bsdinstall does " "not automatically install a graphical user interface. This chapter describes " @@ -16204,7 +16338,7 @@ "面環境或視窗管理程式。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:10573 +#: book.translate.xml:10632 msgid "" "Users who prefer an installation method that automatically configures the " "Xorg and offers a choice of window managers " @@ -16215,7 +16349,7 @@ "理程式選項的使用者請參考 網站。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10580 +#: book.translate.xml:10639 msgid "" "For more information on the video hardware that Xorg supports, refer to the x." @@ -16225,25 +16359,25 @@ "xlink:href=\"http://www.x.org/\">x.org 網站。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10587 +#: book.translate.xml:10646 msgid "" "The various components of the X Window System, and how they interoperate." msgstr "組成 X Window 系統的各種元件以及它們是如何相互運作。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10592 +#: book.translate.xml:10651 msgid "How to install and configure Xorg." msgstr "如何安裝並設定 Xorg。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10597 +#: book.translate.xml:10656 msgid "" "How to install and configure several window managers and desktop " "environments." msgstr "如何安裝並設定各種視窗管理程式與桌面環境。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10602 +#: book.translate.xml:10661 msgid "" "How to use TrueType fonts in " "Xorg." @@ -16252,26 +16386,26 @@ "\">TrueType 字型。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10607 +#: book.translate.xml:10666 msgid "" "How to set up your system for graphical logins (XDM)." msgstr "如何設定系統以使用圖形化登入 (XDM)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10616 +#: book.translate.xml:10675 msgid "" "Know how to install additional third-party software as described in ." msgstr "了解如何依照 說明安裝其他第三方軟體。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10623 +#: book.translate.xml:10682 msgid "Terminology" msgstr "術語" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10625 +#: book.translate.xml:10684 msgid "" "While it is not necessary to understand all of the details of the various " "components in the X Window System and how they interact, some basic " @@ -16281,12 +16415,12 @@ "會更容易上手。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10632 +#: book.translate.xml:10691 msgid "X server" msgstr "X 伺服器 (X Server)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10635 +#: book.translate.xml:10694 msgid "" "X was designed from the beginning to be network-centric, and adopts a " "client-server model. In this model, the X serverX 客戶端 才是在桌機上面執行，實際上卻是相反。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10652 +#: book.translate.xml:10711 msgid "X client" msgstr "X 客戶端 (X Client)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10655 +#: book.translate.xml:10714 msgid "" "Each X application, such as XTerm or " "Firefox, is a client. A client " @@ -16326,7 +16460,7 @@ "者剛點選了確定按鈕。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10664 +#: book.translate.xml:10723 msgid "" "In a home or small office environment, the X server and the X clients " "commonly run on the same computer. It is also possible to run the X server " @@ -16339,12 +16473,12 @@ "式。 在這種情景，X 客戶端與伺服器之間的溝通就需透過網路來進行。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10674 +#: book.translate.xml:10733 msgid "window manager" msgstr "視窗管理程式 (Window Manager)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10677 +#: book.translate.xml:10736 msgid "" "X does not dictate what windows should look like on-screen, how to move them " "around with the mouse, which keystrokes should be used to move between " @@ -16368,7 +16502,7 @@ "套件集的 x11-wm 分類找到。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10693 +#: book.translate.xml:10752 msgid "" "Each window manager uses a different configuration mechanism. Some expect " "configuration file written by hand while others provide graphical tools for " @@ -16378,12 +16512,12 @@ "過圖型化工具來完成大部分的設定工作。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10701 +#: book.translate.xml:10760 msgid "desktop environment" msgstr "桌面環境 (Desktop Environment)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10704 +#: book.translate.xml:10763 msgid "" "KDE and GNOME are " "considered to be desktop environments as they include an entire suite of " @@ -16395,12 +16529,12 @@ "網頁瀏覽器及遊戲。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10713 +#: book.translate.xml:10772 msgid "focus policy" msgstr "聚焦政策 (Focus Policy)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10716 +#: book.translate.xml:10775 msgid "" "The window manager is responsible for the mouse focus policy. This policy " "provides some means for choosing which window is actively receiving " @@ -16411,7 +16545,7 @@ "入的視窗。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10722 +#: book.translate.xml:10781 msgid "" "One focus policy is called click-to-focus. In this model, a " "window becomes active upon receiving a mouse click. In the focus-" @@ -16437,7 +16571,7 @@ "收。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10740 +#: book.translate.xml:10799 msgid "" "Different window managers support different focus models. All of them " "support click-to-focus, and the majority of them also support other " @@ -16448,12 +16582,12 @@ "支援其他模式，請查看視窗管理程式的說明文件來了解可用的聚焦模式。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10749 +#: book.translate.xml:10808 msgid "widgets" msgstr "視窗元件 (Widget)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10752 +#: book.translate.xml:10811 msgid "" "Widget is a term for all of the items in the user interface that can be " "clicked or manipulated in some way. This includes buttons, check boxes, " @@ -16472,37 +16606,37 @@ "觀。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10769 +#: book.translate.xml:10828 msgid "Installing Xorg" msgstr "安裝 Xorg" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10771 +#: book.translate.xml:10830 msgid "" "On FreeBSD, Xorg can be installed as a package or " "port." msgstr "在 FreeBSD，Xorg 可透過套件或 Port 來安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10774 +#: book.translate.xml:10833 msgid "" "The binary package can be installed quickly but with fewer options for " "customization:" msgstr "使用 Binary 套件的安裝速度較快，但可用的自訂選項較少：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10777 +#: book.translate.xml:10836 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install xorg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10779 +#: book.translate.xml:10838 msgid "To build and install from the Ports Collection:" msgstr "要從 Port 套件集編譯與安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10781 +#: book.translate.xml:10840 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg\n" @@ -16510,7 +16644,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10784 +#: book.translate.xml:10843 msgid "" "Either of these installations results in the complete Xorg system being installed. Binary packages are the best option for " @@ -16520,7 +16654,7 @@ "較建議使用 Binary 套件安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10788 +#: book.translate.xml:10847 msgid "" "A smaller version of the X system suitable for experienced users is " "available in x11/xorg-minimal. Most of the documents, " @@ -16532,36 +16666,36 @@ "程式會需要這些額外的元件才能運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10796 +#: book.translate.xml:10855 msgid "Xorg Configuration" msgstr "Xorg 設定" #. (itstool) path: info/author -#: book.translate.xml:10799 +#: book.translate.xml:10858 msgid "" " Warren Block Originally contributed by" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:10808 +#: book.translate.xml:10867 msgid "Xorg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:10809 +#: book.translate.xml:10868 msgid "Xorg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10812 book.translate.xml:16736 book.translate.xml:45397 -#: book.translate.xml:61363 +#: book.translate.xml:10871 book.translate.xml:16845 book.translate.xml:45637 +#: book.translate.xml:62397 msgid "Quick Start" msgstr "快速開始" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10814 +#: book.translate.xml:10873 msgid "" "Xorg supports most common video cards, keyboards, " "and pointing devices." @@ -16569,7 +16703,7 @@ "Xorg 支援大多數常見的顯示卡、鍵盤以及指標裝置。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:10818 +#: book.translate.xml:10877 msgid "" "Video cards, monitors, and input devices are automatically detected and do " "not require any manual configuration. Do not create xorg.confXorg has been used on this computer before, " "move or remove any existing configuration files:" @@ -16590,7 +16724,7 @@ "名或移除：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10831 +#: book.translate.xml:10890 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf ~/xorg.conf.etc\n" @@ -16598,7 +16732,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:10836 +#: book.translate.xml:10895 msgid "" "Add the user who will run Xorg to the " "video or wheel group to enable 3D " @@ -16610,13 +16744,13 @@ "使用者 jru 到任一個可用的群組：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10844 +#: book.translate.xml:10903 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod video -m jru || pw groupmod wheel -m jru" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:10848 +#: book.translate.xml:10907 msgid "" "The TWM window manager is included by default. It is " "started when Xorg starts:" @@ -16625,13 +16759,13 @@ "application> 時便會啟動該視窗管理程式：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10852 +#: book.translate.xml:10911 #, no-wrap msgid "% startx" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:10856 +#: book.translate.xml:10915 msgid "" "On some older versions of FreeBSD, the system console must be set to " "vt4 才可正常運作，請參考 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10865 +#: book.translate.xml:10924 msgid "User Group for Accelerated Video" msgstr "可加速影像處理的使用者群組" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10867 +#: book.translate.xml:10926 msgid "" "Access to /dev/dri is needed to allow 3D acceleration " "on video cards. It is usually simplest to add the user who will be running X " @@ -16666,18 +16800,18 @@ "video 則會加入 wheel 群組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10877 +#: book.translate.xml:10936 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod video -m slurms || pw groupmod wheel -m slurms" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10881 +#: book.translate.xml:10940 msgid "Kernel Mode Setting (KMS)" msgstr "核心模式設定 (Kernel Mode Setting, KMS)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10883 +#: book.translate.xml:10942 msgid "" "When the computer switches from displaying the console to a higher screen " "resolution for X, it must set the video output mode. " @@ -16700,7 +16834,7 @@ "citerefentry> Console 可避免這個問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10894 +#: book.translate.xml:10953 msgid "" "Add this line to /boot/loader.conf to enable " "vt4：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:10897 +#: book.translate.xml:10956 #, no-wrap msgid "kern.vty=vt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10901 book.translate.xml:20868 book.translate.xml:31414 +#: book.translate.xml:10960 book.translate.xml:20976 book.translate.xml:31527 msgid "Configuration Files" msgstr "設定檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10903 +#: book.translate.xml:10962 msgid "" "Manual configuration is usually not necessary. Please do not manually create " "configuration files unless autoconfiguration does not work." msgstr "通常不需要做手動設置，除非自動設置無法運作，否則請不要手動建立設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10910 +#: book.translate.xml:10969 msgid "" "Xorg looks in several directories for " "configuration files. /usr/local/etc/X11/ is the " @@ -16742,7 +16876,7 @@ "可以幫助將應用程式檔案與作業系統檔案分離。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10917 +#: book.translate.xml:10976 msgid "" "Storing configuration files in the legacy /etc/X11/ " "still works. However, this mixes application files with the base FreeBSD " @@ -16752,12 +16886,12 @@ "程式檔案與基礎 FreeBSD 檔案混合在一起存放。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:10924 +#: book.translate.xml:10983 msgid "Single or Multiple Files" msgstr "單檔或多檔" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10926 +#: book.translate.xml:10985 msgid "" "It is easier to use multiple files that each configure a specific setting " "than the traditional single xorg.conf. These files are " @@ -16771,12 +16905,12 @@ "d/。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10934 +#: book.translate.xml:10993 msgid "Examples of these files are shown later in this section." msgstr "於本節稍後會有這些檔案的範例。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10937 +#: book.translate.xml:10996 msgid "" "The traditional single xorg.conf still works, but is " "neither as clear nor as flexible as multiple files in the xorg." @@ -16786,80 +16920,75 @@ "xorg.conf.d/ 子目錄中的多檔設定方式較不明瞭且沒有彈性。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10945 +#: book.translate.xml:11004 msgid "Video Cards" msgstr "顯示卡" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10947 +#: book.translate.xml:11006 msgid "" "Because of changes made in recent versions of FreeBSD, it is now possible to " "use graphics drivers provided by the Ports framework or as packages. As " "such, users can use one of the following drivers available from " "graphics/drm-kmod." msgstr "" +"由於最近 FreeBSD 版本所做的變更，現在可以使用由 Port 或套件所提供的繪圖驅動程" +"式，所以使用者可以使用下列來自 graphics/drm-kmod 的驅動程" +"式。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10955 +#: book.translate.xml:11014 msgid "Intel KMS driver" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Intel KMS 驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10956 +#: book.translate.xml:11015 msgid "Radeon KMS driver" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Radeon KMS 驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10957 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:11016 msgid "AMD KMS driver" -msgstr "RAID 磁碟機" +msgstr "AMD KMS 驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10960 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:11019 msgid "" "2D and 3D acceleration is supported on most Intel KMS driver graphics cards " "provided by Intel." -msgstr "Radeon 顯示卡支援 2D 及 3D 加速，最新到 HD6000 系列。" +msgstr "大多數使用 Intel KMS 驅動程式的 Intel 顯示卡支援 2D 與 3D 加速。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10963 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:11022 msgid "Driver name: i915kms" -msgstr "驅動程式名稱：intel" +msgstr "驅動程式名稱：i915kms" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10965 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:11024 msgid "" "2D and 3D acceleration is supported on most older Radeon KMS driver graphics " "cards provided by AMD." -msgstr "Radeon 顯示卡支援 2D 及 3D 加速，最新到 HD6000 系列。" +msgstr "大多數使用 Radeon KMS 驅動程式的舊 AMD 顯示卡支援 2D 與 3D 加速。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10968 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:11027 msgid "Driver name: radeonkms" -msgstr "驅動程式名稱：radeon" +msgstr "驅動程式名稱：radeonkms" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10970 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:11029 msgid "" "2D and 3D acceleration is supported on most newer AMD KMS driver graphics " "cards provided by AMD." -msgstr "Radeon 顯示卡支援 2D 及 3D 加速，最新到 HD6000 系列。" +msgstr "大多數使用 AMD KMS 驅動程式的新 AMD 顯示卡支援 2D 與 3D 加速。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10973 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:11032 msgid "Driver name: amdgpu" -msgstr "驅動程式名稱：radeon" +msgstr "驅動程式名稱：amdgpu" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10975 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:11034 msgid "" "For reference, please see or 。" +"List_of_Intel_graphics_processing_units\"/> 或至 取得支援的 " +"GPU 清單。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10982 +#: book.translate.xml:11041 msgid "Intel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10985 +#: book.translate.xml:11044 msgid "" "3D acceleration is supported on most Intel graphics up to Ivy Bridge (HD Graphics 2500, 4000, and P4000), " @@ -16886,12 +17017,12 @@ "(HD Graphics) 與 Sandy Bridge (HD Graphics 2000)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10990 +#: book.translate.xml:11049 msgid "Driver name: intel" msgstr "驅動程式名稱：intel" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10992 +#: book.translate.xml:11051 msgid "" "For reference, see ." @@ -16900,24 +17031,24 @@ "List_of_Intel_graphics_processing_units\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10997 +#: book.translate.xml:11056 msgid "AMD Radeon" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11000 +#: book.translate.xml:11059 msgid "" "2D and 3D acceleration is supported on Radeon cards up to and including the " "HD6000 series." msgstr "Radeon 顯示卡支援 2D 及 3D 加速，最新到 HD6000 系列。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11003 +#: book.translate.xml:11062 msgid "Driver name: radeon" msgstr "驅動程式名稱：radeon" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11005 +#: book.translate.xml:11064 msgid "" "For reference, see ." @@ -16926,12 +17057,12 @@ "List_of_AMD_graphics_processing_units\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11010 +#: book.translate.xml:11069 msgid "NVIDIA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11013 +#: book.translate.xml:11072 msgid "" "Several NVIDIA drivers are available in the x11 " "category of the Ports Collection. Install the driver that matches the video " @@ -16941,7 +17072,7 @@ "得，請安裝其中與顯示卡相符的驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11018 +#: book.translate.xml:11077 msgid "" "For reference, see ." @@ -16950,12 +17081,12 @@ "List_of_Nvidia_graphics_processing_units\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11023 +#: book.translate.xml:11082 msgid "Hybrid Combination Graphics" msgstr "混合組合繪圖晶片" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11026 +#: book.translate.xml:11085 msgid "" "Some notebook computers add additional graphics processing units to those " "built into the chipset or processor. Optimus combines " @@ -16975,7 +17106,7 @@ "acronym>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11035 +#: book.translate.xml:11094 msgid "" "Implementations of these hybrid graphics systems vary, and " "Xorg on FreeBSD is not able to drive all versions " @@ -16985,7 +17116,7 @@ "尚無法驅動所有的混合繪圖系統版本。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11039 +#: book.translate.xml:11098 msgid "" "Some computers provide a BIOS option to disable one of " "the graphics adapters or select a discrete mode which " @@ -17002,7 +17133,7 @@ "class=\"registered\">Intel 驅動程式驅動。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11048 +#: book.translate.xml:11107 msgid "" "BIOS settings depend on the model of computer. In some " "situations, both GPUs can be left enabled, but creating a " @@ -17014,12 +17145,12 @@ "literal> 節只使用主要的 GPU 便能讓系統運作。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11059 +#: book.translate.xml:11118 msgid "Other Video Cards" msgstr "其他顯示卡" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11062 +#: book.translate.xml:11121 msgid "" "Drivers for some less-common video cards can be found in the x11-" "drivers directory of the Ports Collection." @@ -17028,7 +17159,7 @@ "目錄找到。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11066 +#: book.translate.xml:11125 msgid "" "Cards that are not supported by a specific driver might still be usable with " "the x11-drivers/xf86-video-vesa driver. This driver is " @@ -17044,7 +17175,7 @@ "式來驅動顯示卡。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11076 +#: book.translate.xml:11135 msgid "" "x11-drivers/xf86-video-scfb is a similar nonspecialized " "video driver that works on many UEFI and 的電腦上運作。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11083 +#: book.translate.xml:11142 msgid "Setting the Video Driver in a File" msgstr "在檔案中設定影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11086 +#: book.translate.xml:11145 msgid "" "To set the Intel driver in a " "configuration file:" @@ -17069,7 +17200,7 @@ "式：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11090 +#: book.translate.xml:11149 msgid "" "Select Intel Video Driver in a " "File" @@ -17077,12 +17208,12 @@ "在單檔中選擇 Intel 影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11092 +#: book.translate.xml:11151 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-intel.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11094 +#: book.translate.xml:11153 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -17093,7 +17224,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11100 +#: book.translate.xml:11159 msgid "" "If more than one video card is present, the BusID " "identifier can be uncommented and set to select the desired card. A list of " @@ -17105,22 +17236,22 @@ "lv | grep -B3 display 取得。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11108 +#: book.translate.xml:11167 msgid "To set the Radeon driver in a configuration file:" msgstr "要在設定檔設定使用 Radeon 驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11112 +#: book.translate.xml:11171 msgid "Select Radeon Video Driver in a File" msgstr "在單檔中選擇 Radeon 影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11114 +#: book.translate.xml:11173 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-radeon.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11116 +#: book.translate.xml:11175 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -17130,22 +17261,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11122 +#: book.translate.xml:11181 msgid "To set the VESA driver in a configuration file:" msgstr "要在設定檔設定使用 VESA 驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11126 +#: book.translate.xml:11185 msgid "Select VESA Video Driver in a File" msgstr "在單檔中選擇 VESA 影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11129 +#: book.translate.xml:11188 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-vesa.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11131 +#: book.translate.xml:11190 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -17155,7 +17286,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11137 +#: book.translate.xml:11196 msgid "" "To set the scfb driver for use with a UEFI or ARM computer:" @@ -17164,17 +17295,17 @@ "trademark> 電腦使用 scfb 驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11141 +#: book.translate.xml:11200 msgid "Select scfb Video Driver in a File" msgstr "在單檔中選擇 scfb 影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11144 +#: book.translate.xml:11203 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-scfb.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11146 +#: book.translate.xml:11205 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -17184,12 +17315,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11157 +#: book.translate.xml:11216 msgid "Monitors" msgstr "顯示器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11159 +#: book.translate.xml:11218 msgid "" "Almost all monitors support the Extended Display Identification Data " "standard (EDID). Xorg uses " @@ -17203,7 +17334,7 @@ "適合的設定組合使用該顯示器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11167 +#: book.translate.xml:11226 msgid "" "Other resolutions supported by the monitor can be chosen by setting the " "desired resolution in configuration files, or after the X server has been " @@ -17215,7 +17346,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11174 +#: book.translate.xml:11233 msgid "" "Using xrandr1" @@ -17224,7 +17355,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11177 +#: book.translate.xml:11236 msgid "" "Run xrandr1 without any parameters " @@ -17235,7 +17366,7 @@ "輸出及已偵測到的顯示器模式清單：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11180 +#: book.translate.xml:11239 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% xrandr\n" @@ -17256,7 +17387,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11196 +#: book.translate.xml:11255 msgid "" "This shows that the DVI-0 output is being used to display " "a screen resolution of 1920x1200 pixels at a refresh rate of about 60 Hz. " @@ -17268,7 +17399,7 @@ "與 HDMI-0 接頭。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11203 +#: book.translate.xml:11262 msgid "" "Any of the other display modes can be selected with xrandr1% xrandr --mode 1280x1024 --rate 60" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11209 +#: book.translate.xml:11268 msgid "" "A common task is using the external video output on a notebook computer for " "a video projector." msgstr "在筆記型電腦使用外部顯示輸出到投影機是常見的作業。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11212 +#: book.translate.xml:11271 msgid "" "The type and quantity of output connectors varies between devices, and the " "name given to each output varies from driver to driver. What one driver " @@ -17308,7 +17439,7 @@ "citerefentry> 列出所有可用的輸出：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11220 +#: book.translate.xml:11279 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% xrandr\n" @@ -17332,7 +17463,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11239 +#: book.translate.xml:11298 msgid "" "Four outputs were found: the built-in panel LVDS1, and " "external VGA1, HDMI1, and " @@ -17342,7 +17473,7 @@ "literal>, HDMI1 以及 DP1 接頭。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11244 +#: book.translate.xml:11303 msgid "" "The projector has been connected to the VGA1 output. " "xrandr% xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --right-of LVDS1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11252 +#: book.translate.xml:11311 msgid "" "--auto chooses the resolution and refresh rate detected " "by EDID. If the resolution is not correctly detected, a " @@ -17377,7 +17508,7 @@ "可設定 --mode 1024x768。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11261 +#: book.translate.xml:11320 msgid "" "xrandr1 is often run from " @@ -17388,28 +17519,28 @@ "xinitrc 執行以在 X 啟動時設定適合的模式。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11268 +#: book.translate.xml:11327 msgid "Setting Monitor Resolution in a File" msgstr "在檔案中設定螢幕解析度" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11271 +#: book.translate.xml:11330 msgid "To set a screen resolution of 1024x768 in a configuration file:" msgstr "在設定檔設定螢幕解析度為 1024x768：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11275 +#: book.translate.xml:11334 msgid "Set Screen Resolution in a File" msgstr "在單檔中設定螢幕解析度" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11277 +#: book.translate.xml:11336 msgid "" "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/screen-resolution.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11279 +#: book.translate.xml:11338 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Screen\"\n" @@ -17422,7 +17553,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11288 +#: book.translate.xml:11347 msgid "" "The few monitors that do not have EDID can be configured " "by setting HorizSync and VertRefresh " @@ -17432,17 +17563,17 @@ "及 VertRefresh 為顯示器支援的頻率範圍。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11295 +#: book.translate.xml:11354 msgid "Manually Setting Monitor Frequencies" msgstr "手動設定顯示器頻率" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11297 +#: book.translate.xml:11356 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/monitor0-freq.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11299 +#: book.translate.xml:11358 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Monitor\"\n" @@ -17453,22 +17584,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11311 +#: book.translate.xml:11370 msgid "Input Devices" msgstr "輸入裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:11314 +#: book.translate.xml:11373 msgid "Keyboards" msgstr "鍵盤" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11318 +#: book.translate.xml:11377 msgid "Keyboard Layout" msgstr "鍵盤配置" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11321 +#: book.translate.xml:11380 msgid "" "The standardized location of keys on a keyboard is called a " "layout. Layouts and other adjustable parameters are " @@ -17480,7 +17611,7 @@ "refentrytitle>7。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11326 +#: book.translate.xml:11385 msgid "" "A United States layout is the default. To select an alternate layout, set " "the XkbLayout and XkbVariant options " @@ -17492,25 +17623,25 @@ "選項。這會套用所有符合該類別的輸入裝置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11333 +#: book.translate.xml:11392 msgid "" "This example selects a French keyboard layout with the oss variant." msgstr "這個例子選擇 French 鍵盤配置使用 oss 變體。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11337 +#: book.translate.xml:11396 msgid "Setting a Keyboard Layout" msgstr "設定鍵盤配置" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11339 +#: book.translate.xml:11398 msgid "" "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/keyboard-fr-oss.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11341 +#: book.translate.xml:11400 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section\t\"InputClass\"\n" @@ -17523,12 +17654,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11351 +#: book.translate.xml:11410 msgid "Setting Multiple Keyboard Layouts" msgstr "設定多個鍵盤配置" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11353 +#: book.translate.xml:11412 msgid "" "Set United States, Spanish, and Ukrainian keyboard layouts. Cycle through " "these layouts by pressing Alt " @@ -17542,13 +17673,13 @@ "強配置切換控制與目前配置的指示。" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11364 +#: book.translate.xml:11423 msgid "" "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/kbd-layout-multi.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11366 +#: book.translate.xml:11425 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section\t\"InputClass\"\n" @@ -17559,12 +17690,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11376 +#: book.translate.xml:11435 msgid "Closing Xorg From the Keyboard" msgstr "從鍵盤關閉 Xorg" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11380 +#: book.translate.xml:11439 msgid "" "X can be closed with a combination of keys. By default, that key combination " "is not set because it conflicts with keyboard commands for some " @@ -17575,17 +17706,17 @@ "指令衝突。要開啟這個選項需要更改鍵盤 InputDevice 節：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11388 +#: book.translate.xml:11447 msgid "Enabling Keyboard Exit from X" msgstr "開啟鍵盤離開 X 功能" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11390 +#: book.translate.xml:11449 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/keyboard-zap.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11392 +#: book.translate.xml:11451 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section\t\"InputClass\"\n" @@ -17597,12 +17728,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:11405 +#: book.translate.xml:11464 msgid "Mice and Pointing Devices" msgstr "滑鼠與指標裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:11407 +#: book.translate.xml:11466 msgid "" "Many mouse parameters can be adjusted with configuration options. See " "mousedrv 來取得完整清單。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11412 +#: book.translate.xml:11471 msgid "Mouse Buttons" msgstr "滑鼠按鍵" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11415 +#: book.translate.xml:11474 msgid "" "The number of buttons on a mouse can be set in the mouse " "InputDevice section of xorg.conf. To " @@ -17628,17 +17759,17 @@ "literal> 節設定，例如要設定按鍵數為 7：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11421 +#: book.translate.xml:11480 msgid "Setting the Number of Mouse Buttons" msgstr "設定滑鼠按鍵數" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11423 +#: book.translate.xml:11482 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/mouse0-buttons.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11425 +#: book.translate.xml:11484 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"InputDevice\"\n" @@ -17648,7 +17779,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11439 +#: book.translate.xml:11498 msgid "" "In some cases, Xorg autoconfiguration does not " "work with particular hardware, or a different configuration is desired. For " @@ -17658,14 +17789,14 @@ "需要使用不同的設定。針對這些情況會建立自訂的設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:11445 +#: book.translate.xml:11504 msgid "" "Do not create manual configuration files unless required. Unnecessary manual " "configuration can prevent proper operation." msgstr "非必要請勿手動建立設定檔，非必要的手動設置會造成運作不正常。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11450 +#: book.translate.xml:11509 msgid "" "A configuration file can be generated by Xorg " "based on the detected hardware. This file is often a useful starting point " @@ -17675,18 +17806,18 @@ "開始自訂設定很有幫助。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11455 +#: book.translate.xml:11514 msgid "Generating an xorg.conf:" msgstr "產生 xorg.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11457 +#: book.translate.xml:11516 #, no-wrap msgid "# Xorg -configure" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11459 +#: book.translate.xml:11518 msgid "" "The configuration file is saved to /root/xorg.conf.new. " "Make any changes desired, then test that file with:" @@ -17695,13 +17826,13 @@ "後使用以下指令測試該檔案：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11463 +#: book.translate.xml:11522 #, no-wrap msgid "# Xorg -config /root/xorg.conf.new" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11465 +#: book.translate.xml:11524 msgid "" "After the new configuration has been adjusted and tested, it can be split " "into smaller files in the normal location, /usr/local/etc/X11/xorg." @@ -17711,17 +17842,17 @@ "usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:11483 +#: book.translate.xml:11542 msgid "Using Fonts in Xorg" msgstr "在 Xorg 使用字型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11486 +#: book.translate.xml:11545 msgid "Type1 Fonts" msgstr "Type1 字型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11488 +#: book.translate.xml:11547 msgid "" "The default fonts that ship with Xorg are less " "than ideal for typical desktop publishing applications. Large presentation " @@ -17759,27 +17890,27 @@ "linkend=\"truetype\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11507 +#: book.translate.xml:11566 msgid "" "To install the above Type1 font collections from binary packages, run the " "following commands:" msgstr "要由 Binary 套件安裝上述的 Type1 字型集可執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11510 +#: book.translate.xml:11569 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install urwfonts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11512 +#: book.translate.xml:11571 msgid "" "Alternatively, to build from the Ports Collection, run the following " "commands:" msgstr "或由 Port 套件集編譯，可執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11515 +#: book.translate.xml:11574 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/urwfonts\n" @@ -17787,7 +17918,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11518 +#: book.translate.xml:11577 msgid "" "And likewise with the freefont or other collections. To have the X server " "detect these fonts, add an appropriate line to the X server configuration " @@ -17798,18 +17929,18 @@ "filename>)，內容為：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11523 +#: book.translate.xml:11582 #, no-wrap msgid "FontPath \"/usr/local/share/fonts/urwfonts/\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11525 +#: book.translate.xml:11584 msgid "Alternatively, at the command line in the X session run:" msgstr "或者在 X session 的指令列執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11528 +#: book.translate.xml:11587 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% xset fp+ /usr/local/share/fonts/urwfonts\n" @@ -17817,7 +17948,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11531 +#: book.translate.xml:11590 msgid "" "This will work but will be lost when the X session is closed, unless it is " "added to the startup file (~/.xinitrc for a normal " @@ -17834,22 +17965,22 @@ "範。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11543 +#: book.translate.xml:11602 msgid "TrueType Fonts" msgstr "TrueType 字型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11545 +#: book.translate.xml:11604 msgid "TrueType Fonts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11548 +#: book.translate.xml:11607 msgid "fonts TrueType" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11553 +#: book.translate.xml:11612 msgid "" "Xorg has built in support for rendering " "TrueType fonts. There are two " @@ -17866,13 +17997,13 @@ "\" section。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11561 +#: book.translate.xml:11620 #, no-wrap msgid "Load \"freetype\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11563 +#: book.translate.xml:11622 msgid "" "Now make a directory for the TrueType fonts (for example, /usr/local/share/fonts/TrueTypeUNIX/MS-DOS/" "Windows format for use by " "Xorg. Once the files have been copied into this " -"directory, use mkfontdir to create a " +"directory, use mkfontscale to create a " "fonts.dir, so that the X font renderer knows that these " -"new files have been installed. mkfontdir can be installed " -"as a package:" +"new files have been installed. mkfontscale can be " +"installed as a package:" msgstr "" "現在要建立一個儲存 TrueType 字型" "的目錄 (例如，/usr/local/share/fonts/TrueType) 然後複製" @@ -17897,31 +18028,31 @@ "\"registered\">Mac，Xorg 使用的字型必" "須為 UNIX/MS-DOS/Windows 的格式。檔案複製到讓目錄之後，使用 mkfontdir 的格式。檔案複製到讓目錄之後，使用 mkfontscale 來建立 fonts.dir 來讓 X 字型繪製程式知道安" -"裝了新的檔案。mkfontdir 可用套件的方式安裝：" +"裝了新的檔案。mkfontscale 可用套件的方式安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11577 +#: book.translate.xml:11636 #, no-wrap -msgid "# pkg install mkfontdir" -msgstr "" +msgid "# pkg install mkfontscale" +msgstr "# pkg install mkfontscale" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11579 +#: book.translate.xml:11638 msgid "Then create an index of X font files in a directory:" msgstr "然後在目錄中建立 X 字型檔的索引：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11582 +#: book.translate.xml:11641 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/local/share/fonts/TrueType\n" -"# mkfontdir" +"# mkfontscale" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11585 +#: book.translate.xml:11644 msgid "" "Now add the TrueType directory " "to the font path. This is just the same as described in 中所介紹的方式相同：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11588 +#: book.translate.xml:11647 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% xset fp+ /usr/local/share/fonts/TrueType\n" @@ -17939,7 +18070,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11591 +#: book.translate.xml:11650 msgid "" "or add a FontPath line to xorg.conf." msgstr "" @@ -17947,7 +18078,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11594 +#: book.translate.xml:11653 msgid "" "Now Gimp, Apache OpenOffice, and all of the other X applications should now recognize the " @@ -17963,22 +18094,22 @@ "application> 中) 現在會看起來比較像樣了。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11615 +#: book.translate.xml:11674 msgid "Anti-Aliased Fonts" msgstr "反鋸齒字型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11617 +#: book.translate.xml:11676 msgid "anti-aliased fonts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11620 +#: book.translate.xml:11679 msgid "fonts anti-aliased" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11625 +#: book.translate.xml:11684 msgid "" "All fonts in Xorg that are found in /" "usr/local/share/fonts/ and ~/.fonts/ are " @@ -17994,7 +18125,7 @@ "Firefox。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11634 +#: book.translate.xml:11693 msgid "" "To control which fonts are anti-aliased, or to configure anti-aliasing " "properties, create (or edit, if it already exists) the file /usr/" @@ -18011,12 +18142,12 @@ "refentrytitle>5。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11643 +#: book.translate.xml:11702 msgid "XML" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11645 +#: book.translate.xml:11704 msgid "" "This file must be in XML format. Pay careful attention to case, and make " "sure all tags are properly closed. The file begins with the usual XML header " @@ -18028,7 +18159,7 @@ "fontconfig> 標籤：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11651 +#: book.translate.xml:11710 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n" @@ -18037,7 +18168,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11655 +#: book.translate.xml:11714 msgid "" "As previously stated, all fonts in /usr/local/share/fonts/ as well as ~/.fonts/ are already made " @@ -18051,26 +18182,26 @@ "local/etc/fonts/local.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11663 +#: book.translate.xml:11722 #, no-wrap msgid "<dir>/path/to/my/fonts</dir>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11665 +#: book.translate.xml:11724 msgid "" "After adding new fonts, and especially new font directories, rebuild the " "font caches:" msgstr "加入新字型及額外的新字型目錄之後，需重新建立字型快取：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11669 +#: book.translate.xml:11728 #, no-wrap msgid "# fc-cache -f" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11671 +#: book.translate.xml:11730 msgid "" "Anti-aliasing makes borders slightly fuzzy, which makes very small text more " "readable and removes staircases from large text, but can " @@ -18082,7 +18213,7 @@ "的字型大小使用反鋸齒效果，可加入這些行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11678 +#: book.translate.xml:11737 #, no-wrap msgid "" " <match target=\"font\">\n" @@ -18104,12 +18235,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11695 +#: book.translate.xml:11754 msgid "fonts spacing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11700 +#: book.translate.xml:11759 msgid "" "Spacing for some monospaced fonts might also be inappropriate with anti-" "aliasing. This seems to be an issue with KDE, in " @@ -18121,7 +18252,7 @@ "入以下行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11706 +#: book.translate.xml:11765 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\t<match target=\"pattern\" name=\"family\">\n" @@ -18143,7 +18274,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11723 +#: book.translate.xml:11782 msgid "" "(this aliases the other common names for fixed fonts as \"mono\"), and then add:" @@ -18151,7 +18282,7 @@ "(這會設定等寬字型的其他常用名稱為 \"mono\")，然後加入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11726 +#: book.translate.xml:11785 #, no-wrap msgid "" " <match target=\"pattern\" name=\"family\">\n" @@ -18165,7 +18296,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11735 +#: book.translate.xml:11794 msgid "" "Certain fonts, such as Helvetica, may have a problem when anti-aliased. " "Usually this manifests itself as a font that seems cut in half vertically. " @@ -18177,7 +18308,7 @@ "local.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11741 +#: book.translate.xml:11800 #, no-wrap msgid "" " <match target=\"pattern\" name=\"family\">\n" @@ -18191,7 +18322,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11750 +#: book.translate.xml:11809 msgid "" "After editing local.conf, make certain to end the file " "with the </fontconfig> tag. Not doing this will " @@ -18201,7 +18332,7 @@ "fontconfig> 標籤結尾，若沒有使用會讓所做的更改被忽略。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11755 +#: book.translate.xml:11814 msgid "" "Users can add personalized settings by creating their own ~/." "config/fontconfig/fonts.conf. This file uses the same " @@ -18211,17 +18342,17 @@ "來加入個人化的設定，此檔案使用與上述說明相同的 XML 格式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11760 +#: book.translate.xml:11819 msgid "LCD screen" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11761 +#: book.translate.xml:11820 msgid "Fonts LCD screen" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11764 +#: book.translate.xml:11823 msgid "" "One last point: with an LCD screen, sub-pixel sampling may be desired. This " "basically treats the (horizontally separated) red, green and blue components " @@ -18235,7 +18366,7 @@ "處：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11771 +#: book.translate.xml:11830 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\t <match target=\"font\">\n" @@ -18249,7 +18380,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:11781 +#: book.translate.xml:11840 msgid "" "Depending on the sort of display, rgb may need to be " "changed to bgr, vrgb or vbgr Seth Kingsley Originally contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11805 +#: book.translate.xml:11864 msgid "X Display Manager" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:11806 +#: book.translate.xml:11865 msgid "" "Xorg provides an X Display Manager, " "XDM, which can be used for login session " @@ -18291,7 +18422,7 @@ "(登入與密碼)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:11813 +#: book.translate.xml:11872 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to configure the X Display Manager on FreeBSD. " "Some desktop environments provide their own graphical login manager. Refer " @@ -18305,12 +18436,12 @@ "> 取得如何設定 KDE 顯示管理程式 (KDE Display Manager) 的操作方式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11820 +#: book.translate.xml:11879 msgid "Configuring XDM" msgstr "設定 XDM" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11822 +#: book.translate.xml:11881 msgid "" "To install XDM, use the x11/xdm package or port. Once installed, XDM can " @@ -18322,13 +18453,13 @@ "需編輯 /etc/ttys 中的此項目：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11828 +#: book.translate.xml:11887 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyv8 \"/usr/local/bin/xdm -nodaemon\" xterm off secure" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11830 +#: book.translate.xml:11889 msgid "" "Change the off to on and save the " "edit. The ttyv8 in this entry indicates that " @@ -18339,8 +18470,7 @@ "第 9 個虛擬終端機執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11835 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:11894 msgid "" "The XDM configuration directory is located in " "/usr/local/etc/X11/xdm. This directory contains several " @@ -18352,31 +18482,31 @@ "\"xfree86\">xdm1." msgstr "" -"XDM 的設定目錄位於 /usr/local/lib/X11/" +"XDM 的設定目錄位於 /usr/local/etc/X11/" "xdm。此目錄中包含數個可用來更改 XDM 行" -"為與外觀的檔案以及在 XDM 執行時用來設定桌面的一" -"些 Script 及程式， 摘要了每個檔案的功" -"能。這些檔案正確的語法與用法在 XDM 執行時用來設定桌面的一些 " +"Script 及程式， 摘要了每個檔案的功能。這" +"些檔案正確的語法與用法在 xdm1 有說明。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:11845 +#: book.translate.xml:11904 msgid "XDM Configuration Files" msgstr "XDM 設定檔" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11850 +#: book.translate.xml:11909 msgid "File" msgstr "檔案" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11857 +#: book.translate.xml:11916 msgid "Xaccess" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11858 +#: book.translate.xml:11917 msgid "" "The protocol for connecting to XDM is called the " "X Display Manager Connection Protocol (XDMCP) This file " @@ -18390,12 +18520,12 @@ "預設此檔案並不允許任何遠端的客戶端連線。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11868 +#: book.translate.xml:11927 msgid "Xresources" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11869 +#: book.translate.xml:11928 msgid "" "This file controls the look and feel of the XDM " "display chooser and login screens. The default configuration is a simple " @@ -18410,41 +18540,39 @@ "Xorg 說明文件中說明的 app-defaults 檔相同。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11882 +#: book.translate.xml:11941 msgid "Xservers" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11883 +#: book.translate.xml:11942 msgid "" "The list of local and remote displays the chooser should provide as login " "choices." msgstr "登入選擇時在選擇器上要提供的本地及遠端顯示清單。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11888 +#: book.translate.xml:11947 msgid "Xsession" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11889 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:11948 msgid "" "Default session script for logins which is run by XDM after a user has logged in. This points to a customized session " "script in ~/.xsession." msgstr "" "預設的登入階段 Script，使用者登入之後由 XDM 執行。" -"一般每一位使用者都會有自訂的階段 Script 在 ~/.xsession " -"來覆蓋此 Script 的設定。" +"這會指向使用者自訂的登入階段 Script 於 ~/.xsession。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11896 +#: book.translate.xml:11955 msgid "Xsetup_*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11897 +#: book.translate.xml:11956 msgid "" "Script to automatically launch applications before displaying the chooser or " "login interfaces. There is a script for each display being used, named " @@ -18458,22 +18586,22 @@ "xconsole。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11908 +#: book.translate.xml:11967 msgid "xdm-config" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11909 +#: book.translate.xml:11968 msgid "Global configuration for all displays running on this machine." msgstr "用來設定所有在此機器上執行的顯示的全域設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11914 +#: book.translate.xml:11973 msgid "xdm-errors" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11915 +#: book.translate.xml:11974 msgid "" "Contains errors generated by the server program. If a display that " "XDM is trying to start hangs, look at this file " @@ -18485,23 +18613,23 @@ "寫入至使用者的 ~/.xsession-errors。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11924 +#: book.translate.xml:11983 msgid "xdm-pid" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11925 +#: book.translate.xml:11984 msgid "" "The running process ID of XDM." msgstr "XDM 的執行程序 ID。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11934 +#: book.translate.xml:11993 msgid "Configuring Remote Access" msgstr "設定遠端存取" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11936 +#: book.translate.xml:11995 msgid "" "By default, only users on the same system can login using XDM. To enable users on other systems to connect to the display " @@ -18511,20 +18639,19 @@ "其他系統的使用者可連線到顯示伺服器，需編輯存取控制規則及開啟連線傾聽程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11941 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:12000 msgid "" "To configure XDM to listen for any remote " "connection, comment out the DisplayManager.requestPort " "line in /usr/local/etc/X11/xdm/xdm-config by putting a " "! in front of it:" msgstr "" -"要設定 XDM 傾聽作何遠端的連線，在 /usr/" -"local/lib/X11/xdm/xdm-config 中的 DisplayManager." +"要設定 XDM 傾聽任何遠端的連線，在 /usr/" +"local/etc/X11/xdm/xdm-config 中的 DisplayManager." "requestPort 行前加上 ! 來註解該行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11947 +#: book.translate.xml:12006 #, no-wrap msgid "" "! SECURITY: do not listen for XDMCP or Chooser requests\n" @@ -18533,8 +18660,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11951 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:12010 msgid "" "Save the edits and restart XDM. To restrict " "remote access, look at the example entries in /usr/local/etc/X11/" @@ -18543,24 +18669,24 @@ "citerefentry> for further information." msgstr "" "儲存編輯並重新啟動 XDM，要限制遠端存取，請看 " -"/usr/local/lib/X11/xdm/Xaccess 中的範例項目，並參考 " +"/usr/local/etc/X11/xdm/Xaccess 中的範例項目，並參考 " "xdm1 取得進一步資訊。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:11960 +#: book.translate.xml:12019 msgid "Desktop Environments" msgstr "桌面環境" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:11963 +#: book.translate.xml:12022 msgid "" " Valentino Vaschetto Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:11974 +#: book.translate.xml:12033 msgid "" "This section describes how to install three popular desktop environments on " "a FreeBSD system. A desktop environment can range from a simple window " @@ -18573,12 +18699,12 @@ "x11-wm 分類取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11982 +#: book.translate.xml:12041 msgid "GNOME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11985 +#: book.translate.xml:12044 msgid "" "GNOME is a user-friendly desktop environment. It " "includes a panel for starting applications and displaying status, a desktop, " @@ -18598,18 +18724,18 @@ "裝、設定和管理 GNOME 的額外文件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11996 +#: book.translate.xml:12055 msgid "This desktop environment can be installed from a package:" msgstr "這套桌面環境可以從套件安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11999 +#: book.translate.xml:12058 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gnome3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12001 +#: book.translate.xml:12060 msgid "" "To instead build GNOME from ports, use the " "following command. GNOME is a large application " @@ -18620,7 +18746,7 @@ "上，也會需要花費一些時間編譯。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12007 +#: book.translate.xml:12066 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome3\n" @@ -18628,23 +18754,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12010 +#: book.translate.xml:12069 msgid "" "GNOME requires /proc to be " "mounted. Add this line to /etc/fstab to mount this file " "system automatically during system startup:" msgstr "" "GNOME 需要掛載 /proc。加入下" -"行到 /etc/fstab 讓系統啟動時會自動掛載這個檔案系統。" +"行到 /etc/fstab 讓系統啟動時會自動掛載這個檔案系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12015 book.translate.xml:12104 +#: book.translate.xml:12074 book.translate.xml:12163 #, no-wrap msgid "proc /proc procfs rw 0 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12017 +#: book.translate.xml:12076 msgid "" "GNOME uses D-Bus and " "HAL for a message bus and hardware abstraction. " @@ -18658,7 +18784,7 @@ "要在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟，這樣在系統開機時才會啟動：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12025 book.translate.xml:12114 +#: book.translate.xml:12084 book.translate.xml:12173 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dbus_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -18666,7 +18792,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12028 +#: book.translate.xml:12087 msgid "" "After installation, configure Xorg to start " "GNOME. The easiest way to do this is to enable " @@ -18681,13 +18807,13 @@ "conf 來開啟：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12037 +#: book.translate.xml:12096 #, no-wrap msgid "gdm_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12039 +#: book.translate.xml:12098 msgid "" "It is often desirable to also start all GNOME " "services. To achieve this, add a second line to /etc/rc.conf/etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12043 +#: book.translate.xml:12102 #, no-wrap msgid "gnome_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12045 +#: book.translate.xml:12104 msgid "" "GDM will start automatically when the system " "boots." msgstr "GDM 則會在系統開機時自動啟動。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12048 +#: book.translate.xml:12107 msgid "" "A second method for starting GNOME is to type " "startx from the command-line after configuring " @@ -18725,13 +18851,13 @@ "gnome-session。若檔案不存在，則使用以下指令建立一個：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12057 +#: book.translate.xml:12116 #, no-wrap msgid "% echo \"exec /usr/local/bin/gnome-session\" > ~/.xinitrc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12059 +#: book.translate.xml:12118 msgid "" "A third method is to use XDM as the display " "manager. In this case, create an executable ~/.xsession:" @@ -18740,18 +18866,18 @@ "需要建立一個可執行的 ~/.xsession：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12063 +#: book.translate.xml:12122 #, no-wrap msgid "% echo \"exec /usr/local/bin/gnome-session\" > ~/.xsession" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12067 +#: book.translate.xml:12126 msgid "KDE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12071 +#: book.translate.xml:12130 msgid "" "KDE is another easy-to-use desktop environment. " "This desktop provides a suite of applications with a consistent look and " @@ -18770,18 +18896,18 @@ "freebsd.kde.org。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12080 +#: book.translate.xml:12139 msgid "To install the KDE package, type:" msgstr "要安裝 KDE 套件，請輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12083 +#: book.translate.xml:12142 #, no-wrap -msgid "# pkg install x11/kde4" -msgstr "" +msgid "# pkg install x11/kde5" +msgstr "# pkg install x11/kde5" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12085 +#: book.translate.xml:12144 msgid "" "To instead build the KDE port, use the following " "command. Installing the port will provide a menu for selecting which " @@ -18793,20 +18919,22 @@ "一個大型的應用程式，即使在較快的電腦上仍需要花費一段時間來編譯。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12091 +#: book.translate.xml:12150 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"# cd /usr/ports/x11/kde4\n" +"# cd /usr/ports/x11/kde5\n" "# make install clean" msgstr "" +"# cd /usr/ports/x11/kde5\n" +"# make install clean" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12094 +#: book.translate.xml:12153 msgid "KDE display manager" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12099 +#: book.translate.xml:12158 msgid "" "KDE requires /proc to be " "mounted. Add this line to /etc/fstab to mount this file " @@ -18816,7 +18944,7 @@ "到 /etc/fstab 讓系統啟動時會自動掛載這個檔案系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12106 +#: book.translate.xml:12165 msgid "" "KDE uses D-Bus and " "HAL for a message bus and hardware abstraction. " @@ -18830,24 +18958,35 @@ "/etc/rc.conf 開啟，這樣在系統開機時才會啟動：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12117 +#: book.translate.xml:12176 msgid "" -"The installation of KDE includes the KDE Display " -"Manager, KDM. To enable this display manager, add " -"this line to /etc/rc.conf:" +"Since KDE Plasma 5, the KDE Display Manager, KDM " +"is no longer developed. A possible replacement is SDDM. To install it, type:" msgstr "" -"KDE 的安裝包含了 KDE Display Manager, " -"KDM，要開啟這個顯示管理程式，需加入下行到 " -"/etc/rc.conf：" +"自 KDE Plasma 5 開始，KDE Display Manager, KDM 便" +"停止開發，可能的替代方案為 SDDM，要安裝該套件可輸" +"入：" +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:12181 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# pkg install x11/sddm" +msgstr "# pkg install x11/sddm" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:12183 +msgid "Add this line to /etc/rc.conf:" +msgstr "加入下行到 /etc/rc.conf：" + #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12123 +#: book.translate.xml:12186 #, no-wrap -msgid "kdm4_enable=\"YES\"" +msgid "sddm_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12125 +#: book.translate.xml:12188 msgid "" "A second method for launching KDE is to type " "startx from the command line. For this to work, the " @@ -18858,13 +18997,13 @@ "xinitrc：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12131 +#: book.translate.xml:12194 #, no-wrap -msgid "exec /usr/local/bin/startkde" +msgid "exec ck-launch-session startkde" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12133 +#: book.translate.xml:12196 msgid "" "A third method for starting KDE is through " "XDM. To do so, create an executable ~/." @@ -18875,13 +19014,13 @@ "filename> 如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12138 +#: book.translate.xml:12201 #, no-wrap -msgid "% echo \"exec /usr/local/bin/startkde\" > ~/.xsession" +msgid "% echo \"exec ck-launch-session startkde\" > ~/.xsession" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12140 +#: book.translate.xml:12203 msgid "" "Once KDE is started, refer to its built-in help " "system for more information on how to use its various menus and applications." @@ -18890,12 +19029,12 @@ "如何使用各種選單及應用程式的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12146 +#: book.translate.xml:12209 msgid "Xfce" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12148 +#: book.translate.xml:12211 msgid "" "Xfce is a desktop environment based on the GTK+ " "toolkit used by GNOME. However, it is more " @@ -18916,23 +19055,23 @@ "xfce.org 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12159 +#: book.translate.xml:12222 msgid "To install the Xfce package:" msgstr "要安裝 Xfce 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12162 +#: book.translate.xml:12225 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install xfce" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12164 +#: book.translate.xml:12227 msgid "Alternatively, to build the port:" msgstr "或者使用 Port 編譯：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12166 +#: book.translate.xml:12229 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/x11-wm/xfce4\n" @@ -18940,28 +19079,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12169 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:12232 msgid "" "Xfce uses D-Bus for a " "message bus. This application is automatically installed as dependency of " "Xfce. Enable it in /etc/rc.conf so it will be started when the system boots:" msgstr "" -"KDE 使用了 D-Bus 以及 " -"HAL 的 Message bus 與 Hardware abstraction。這兩個" -"應用程式會隨著 KDE 的相依一併自動安裝，但需要在 " -"/etc/rc.conf 開啟，這樣在系統開機時才會啟動：" +"Xfce 使用了 D-Bus 作為 " +"Message bus，由於是 Xfce 的相依，因此會自動安裝，" +"但仍要在 /etc/rc.conf 中開啟該程式才會在系統開機時啟動：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12176 +#: book.translate.xml:12239 #, no-wrap msgid "dbus_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12178 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:12241 msgid "" "Unlike GNOME or KDE, " "Xfce does not provide its own login manager. In " @@ -18970,18 +19106,18 @@ "filename> with this command:" msgstr "" "不像 GNOME 或 KDE，" -"Xfce 並沒有自己的登入管理程式，要由指令列啟動 " -"Xfce 需輸入 startx，在這之前需" -"先加入其項目到 ~/.xinitrc：" +"Xfce 並沒有自己的登入管理程式，要能用 " +"startx 指令列啟動 Xfce 之前需先" +"加入其項目到 ~/.xinitrc：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12186 +#: book.translate.xml:12249 #, no-wrap msgid "% echo \". /usr/local/etc/xdg/xfce4/xinitrc\" > ~/.xinitrc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12188 +#: book.translate.xml:12251 msgid "" "An alternate method is to use XDM. To configure " "this method, create an executable ~/.xsession:" @@ -18990,25 +19126,25 @@ "行的 ~/.xsession：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12192 +#: book.translate.xml:12255 #, no-wrap msgid "% echo \". /usr/local/etc/xdg/xfce4/xinitrc\" > ~/.xsession" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:12197 +#: book.translate.xml:12260 msgid "Installing Compiz Fusion" msgstr "安裝 Compiz Fusion" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12199 +#: book.translate.xml:12262 msgid "" "One way to make using a desktop computer more pleasant is with nice 3D " "effects." msgstr "要令使用桌面電腦更令人愉快的方法是用炫麗的 3D 效果。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12202 +#: book.translate.xml:12265 msgid "" "Installing the Compiz Fusion package is easy, but " "configuring it requires a few steps that are not described in the port's " @@ -19018,12 +19154,12 @@ "一些未在 Port 說明文件中說明的步驟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12207 +#: book.translate.xml:12270 msgid "Setting up the FreeBSD nVidia Driver" msgstr "設定 FreeBSD nVidia 驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12209 +#: book.translate.xml:12272 msgid "" "Desktop effects can cause quite a load on the graphics card. For an nVidia-" "based graphics card, the proprietary driver is required for good " @@ -19035,7 +19171,7 @@ "xorg.conf 設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12215 +#: book.translate.xml:12278 msgid "" "To determine which nVidia driver is needed see the FAQ " @@ -19046,7 +19182,7 @@ "與此主題相關的問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12218 +#: book.translate.xml:12281 msgid "" "Having determined the correct driver to use for your card, installation is " "as simple as installing any other package." @@ -19055,18 +19191,18 @@ "件一樣簡單。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12222 +#: book.translate.xml:12285 msgid "For example, to install the latest driver:" msgstr "例如，要安裝最新的驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12224 +#: book.translate.xml:12287 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install x11/nvidia-driver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12226 +#: book.translate.xml:12289 msgid "" "The driver will create a kernel module, which needs to be loaded at system " "startup. Add the following line to /boot/loader.conf:" @@ -19075,17 +19211,17 @@ "loader.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12230 +#: book.translate.xml:12293 #, no-wrap msgid "nvidia_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12233 +#: book.translate.xml:12296 msgid "" -"To immediately load the kernel module into the running kernel by issuing a " -"command like kldload nvidia, however it has been noted " -"that the some versions of Xorg will not function " +"To immediately load the kernel module into the running kernel issue a " +"command like kldload nvidia. However, it has been noted " +"that some versions of Xorg will not function " "properly if the driver is not loaded at boot time. After editing /" "boot/loader.conf, a reboot is recommended." msgstr "" @@ -19095,7 +19231,7 @@ "要重新開機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12242 +#: book.translate.xml:12305 msgid "" "With the kernel module loaded, you normally only need to change a single " "line in xorg.conf to enable the proprietary driver:" @@ -19104,29 +19240,29 @@ "啟專用的驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12246 +#: book.translate.xml:12309 msgid "Find the following line in /etc/X11/xorg.conf:" msgstr "找到 /etc/X11/xorg.conf 中的下行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12249 +#: book.translate.xml:12312 #, no-wrap msgid "Driver \"nv\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12251 +#: book.translate.xml:12314 msgid "and change it to:" msgstr "然後更改該行為：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12253 +#: book.translate.xml:12316 #, no-wrap msgid "Driver \"nvidia\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12255 +#: book.translate.xml:12318 msgid "" "Start the GUI as usual, and you should be greeted by the nVidia splash. " "Everything should work as usual." @@ -19134,12 +19270,12 @@ "如往常般啟動 GUI，您應該會看到 nVidia 的啟動畫面，其他東西應如往常般運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12260 +#: book.translate.xml:12323 msgid "Configuring xorg.conf for Desktop Effects" msgstr "設定 xorg.conf 來啟動桌面特效" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12262 +#: book.translate.xml:12325 msgid "" "To enable Compiz Fusion, /etc/X11/xorg." "conf needs to be modified:" @@ -19148,12 +19284,12 @@ "xorg.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12266 +#: book.translate.xml:12329 msgid "Add the following section to enable composite effects:" msgstr "加入以下 Section 來開啟合成特效：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12269 +#: book.translate.xml:12332 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Extensions\"\n" @@ -19162,14 +19298,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12273 +#: book.translate.xml:12336 msgid "" "Locate the Screen section which should look similar to the " "one below:" msgstr "找到 Screen section，長的應該如下所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12276 +#: book.translate.xml:12339 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Screen\"\n" @@ -19180,12 +19316,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12282 +#: book.translate.xml:12345 msgid "and add the following two lines (after Monitor will do):" msgstr "然後加入以下兩行 (在Monitor 之後)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12285 +#: book.translate.xml:12348 #, no-wrap msgid "" "DefaultDepth 24\n" @@ -19193,7 +19329,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12288 +#: book.translate.xml:12351 msgid "" "Locate the Subsection that refers to the screen resolution " "that you wish to use. For example, if you wish to use 1280x1024, locate the " @@ -19205,7 +19341,7 @@ "中，您可以手動加入對應的項目：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12294 +#: book.translate.xml:12357 #, no-wrap msgid "" "SubSection \"Display\"\n" @@ -19215,14 +19351,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12299 +#: book.translate.xml:12362 msgid "" "A color depth of 24 bits is needed for desktop composition, change the above " "subsection to:" msgstr "桌面合成需要 24 bit 的色彩深度，更改上述 Subsection 為：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12302 +#: book.translate.xml:12365 #, no-wrap msgid "" "SubSection \"Display\"\n" @@ -19233,7 +19369,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12308 +#: book.translate.xml:12371 msgid "" "Finally, confirm that the glx and extmod " "modules are loaded in the Module section:" @@ -19242,7 +19378,7 @@ "extmod 模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12312 +#: book.translate.xml:12375 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Module\"\n" @@ -19252,7 +19388,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12317 +#: book.translate.xml:12380 msgid "" "The preceding can be done automatically with x11/nvidia-xconfig by running (as root):" @@ -19261,7 +19397,7 @@ "用 root)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12321 +#: book.translate.xml:12384 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# nvidia-xconfig --add-argb-glx-visuals\n" @@ -19270,12 +19406,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12327 +#: book.translate.xml:12390 msgid "Installing and Configuring Compiz Fusion" msgstr "安裝與設定 Compiz Fusion" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12329 +#: book.translate.xml:12392 msgid "" "Installing Compiz Fusion is as simple as any " "other package:" @@ -19283,13 +19419,13 @@ "安裝 Compiz Fusion 如同安裝其他套件一樣簡單：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12332 +#: book.translate.xml:12395 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install x11-wm/compiz-fusion" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12334 +#: book.translate.xml:12397 msgid "" "When the installation is finished, start your graphic desktop and at a " "terminal, enter the following commands (as a normal user):" @@ -19298,7 +19434,7 @@ "用者)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12338 +#: book.translate.xml:12401 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% compiz --replace --sm-disable --ignore-desktop-hints ccp &\n" @@ -19306,7 +19442,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12341 +#: book.translate.xml:12404 msgid "" "Your screen will flicker for a few seconds, as your window manager (e.g. " "Metacity if you are using GNOMESessions in a " @@ -19330,7 +19466,7 @@ "GNOME 桌面的 Sessions 中)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12354 +#: book.translate.xml:12417 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#! /bin/sh\n" @@ -19339,7 +19475,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12358 +#: book.translate.xml:12421 msgid "" "Save this in your home directory as, for example, start-compiz and make it executable:" @@ -19348,13 +19484,13 @@ "filename>，然後讓該檔案可以執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12362 +#: book.translate.xml:12425 #, no-wrap msgid "% chmod +x ~/start-compiz" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12364 +#: book.translate.xml:12427 msgid "" "Then use the GUI to add it to Startup Programs " "(located in System, Preferences, 工作階段 Sessions)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12371 +#: book.translate.xml:12434 msgid "" "To actually select all the desired effects and their settings, execute " "(again as a normal user) the Compiz Config Settings ManagerCompiz Config Settings Manager：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12375 +#: book.translate.xml:12438 #, no-wrap msgid "% ccsm" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12378 +#: book.translate.xml:12441 msgid "" "In GNOME, this can also be found in the " "System, Preferences " @@ -19393,7 +19529,7 @@ "guimenuitem>, 偏好設定 Preferences 選單中找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12383 +#: book.translate.xml:12446 msgid "" "If you have selected gconf support during the build, you will " "also be able to view these settings using gconf-editor " @@ -19403,7 +19539,7 @@ "editor 在 apps/compiz 下查看設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12394 +#: book.translate.xml:12457 msgid "" "If the mouse does not work, you will need to first configure it before " "proceeding. In recent Xorg versions, the " @@ -19419,13 +19555,13 @@ "section：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12403 +#: book.translate.xml:12466 #, no-wrap msgid "Option \"AutoAddDevices\" \"false\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12405 +#: book.translate.xml:12468 msgid "" "Input devices may then be configured as in previous versions, along with any " "other options needed (e.g., keyboard layout switching)." @@ -19433,7 +19569,7 @@ "輸入裝置便可如先前版本一樣設定，連同其他所需的選項 (如：切換鍵盤配置)。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12410 +#: book.translate.xml:12473 msgid "" "As previously explained the hald daemon will, by " "default, automatically detect your keyboard. There are chances that your " @@ -19454,7 +19590,7 @@ "協助來直接設定鍵盤屬性。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12422 +#: book.translate.xml:12485 msgid "" "For example if, one wants to use a PC 102 keys keyboard coming with a french " "layout, we have to create a keyboard configuration file for " @@ -19468,7 +19604,7 @@ "fdi/policy 目錄。這個檔案中應要有以下幾行：" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12430 +#: book.translate.xml:12493 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"iso-8859-1\"?>\n" @@ -19483,14 +19619,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12440 +#: book.translate.xml:12503 msgid "" "If this file already exists, just copy and add to your file the lines " "regarding the keyboard configuration." msgstr "若這個檔案已經存在，只需要複製並貼上您的檔案中有關鍵盤設定的那幾行。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12443 +#: book.translate.xml:12506 msgid "" "You will have to reboot your machine to force hald to read this file." @@ -19498,20 +19634,20 @@ "您會需要重新啟動您的機器來讓 hald 讀取這個檔案。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12446 +#: book.translate.xml:12509 msgid "" "It is possible to do the same configuration from an X terminal or a script " "with this command line:" msgstr "也是可以從 X 終端機或 Script 下指令來做同樣的設定：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12449 +#: book.translate.xml:12512 #, no-wrap msgid "% setxkbmap -model pc102 -layout fr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12451 +#: book.translate.xml:12514 msgid "" "/usr/local/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst lists the " "various keyboard, layouts and options available." @@ -19520,12 +19656,12 @@ "的鍵盤、配置與設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12456 +#: book.translate.xml:12519 msgid "Xorg tuning" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12459 +#: book.translate.xml:12522 msgid "" "The xorg.conf.new configuration file may now be tuned " "to taste. Open the file in a text editor such as 的 \"Monitor\" section：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12467 +#: book.translate.xml:12530 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Monitor\"\n" @@ -19558,7 +19694,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12475 +#: book.translate.xml:12538 msgid "" "Most monitors support sync frequency autodetection, making manual entry of " "these values unnecessary. For the few monitors that do not support " @@ -19569,7 +19705,7 @@ "動偵測的顯示器，請輸入由製造商提供的數值來避免損壞顯示器。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12481 +#: book.translate.xml:12544 msgid "" "X allows DPMS (Energy Star) features to be used with capable monitors. The " "xsetxorg.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12493 +#: book.translate.xml:12556 msgid "" "While the xorg.conf.new configuration file is still " "open in an editor, select the default resolution and color depth desired. " @@ -19607,7 +19743,7 @@ "義：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12498 +#: book.translate.xml:12561 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Screen\"\n" @@ -19624,7 +19760,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12510 +#: book.translate.xml:12573 msgid "" "The DefaultDepth keyword describes the color depth to run " "at by default. This can be overridden with the " @@ -19645,14 +19781,14 @@ "像素。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12521 +#: book.translate.xml:12584 msgid "" "Finally, write the configuration file and test it using the test mode given " "above." msgstr "最後，儲存設定檔並使用測試模式來測試上述的設定。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12525 +#: book.translate.xml:12588 msgid "" "One of the tools available to assist you during troubleshooting process are " "the Xorg log files, which contain information on " @@ -19669,7 +19805,7 @@ "Xorg.8.log 以此類推。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12537 +#: book.translate.xml:12600 msgid "" "If all is well, the configuration file needs to be installed in a common " "location where Xorg 或 /usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12542 +#: book.translate.xml:12605 #, no-wrap msgid "# cp xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12544 +#: book.translate.xml:12607 msgid "" "The Xorg configuration process is now complete. " "Xorg may be now started with the 1 來啟動。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12551 +#: book.translate.xml:12614 msgid "" "Configuration with Intel " "i810 Graphics Chipsets" @@ -19716,12 +19852,12 @@ "literal> 繪圖晶片組" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12554 +#: book.translate.xml:12617 msgid "Intel i810 graphic chipset" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12558 +#: book.translate.xml:12621 msgid "" "Configuration with Intel i810 " "integrated chipsets requires the agpgart AGP " @@ -19736,7 +19872,7 @@ "更多詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12564 +#: book.translate.xml:12627 msgid "" "This will allow configuration of the hardware as any other graphics board. " "Note on systems without the agp 來載入。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12573 +#: book.translate.xml:12636 msgid "Adding a Widescreen Flatpanel to the Mix" msgstr "加入寬螢幕平板顯示器到設定檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12575 +#: book.translate.xml:12638 msgid "widescreen flatpanel configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12579 +#: book.translate.xml:12642 msgid "" "This section assumes a bit of advanced configuration knowledge. If attempts " "to use the standard configuration tools above have not resulted in a working " @@ -19776,7 +19912,7 @@ "輯器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12586 +#: book.translate.xml:12649 msgid "" "Current widescreen (WSXGA, WSXGA+, WUXGA, WXGA, WXGA+, et.al.) formats " "support 16:10 and 10:9 formats or aspect ratios that can be problematic. " @@ -19786,32 +19922,32 @@ "及 10:9 格式或其他的寬高比可會有問題。例如一些 16:10 寬高比常見的螢幕解析度：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12593 +#: book.translate.xml:12656 msgid "2560x1600" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12597 +#: book.translate.xml:12660 msgid "1920x1200" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12601 +#: book.translate.xml:12664 msgid "1680x1050" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12605 +#: book.translate.xml:12668 msgid "1440x900" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12609 +#: book.translate.xml:12672 msgid "1280x800" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12613 +#: book.translate.xml:12676 msgid "" "At some point, it will be as easy as adding one of these resolutions as a " "possible Mode in the Section \"Screen\"Xorg is smart enough to pull the resolution " "information from the widescreen via I2C/DDC information so it knows what the " @@ -19848,7 +19984,7 @@ "DDC)，因此能夠知道螢幕能處理的頻率及解析度。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12634 +#: book.translate.xml:12697 msgid "" "If those ModeLines do not exist in the drivers, one might " "need to give Xorg a little hint. Using /" @@ -19862,7 +19998,7 @@ "literal>。只需要在日誌檔中找到類似以下的訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12642 +#: book.translate.xml:12705 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(II) MGA(0): Supported additional Video Mode:\n" @@ -19873,7 +20009,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12648 +#: book.translate.xml:12711 msgid "" "This information is called EDID information. Creating a ModeLine from this is just a matter of putting the numbers in the correct " @@ -19883,13 +20019,13 @@ "將數據使用正確的順序放入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12652 +#: book.translate.xml:12715 #, no-wrap msgid "ModeLine <name> <clock> <4 horiz. timings> <4 vert. timings>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12654 +#: book.translate.xml:12717 msgid "" "So that the ModeLine in Section \"Monitor\" for this example would look like this:" @@ -19898,7 +20034,7 @@ "ModeLine 會看起來像這樣：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12658 +#: book.translate.xml:12721 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Monitor\"\n" @@ -19911,19 +20047,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12666 +#: book.translate.xml:12729 msgid "" "Now having completed these simple editing steps, X should start on your new " "widescreen monitor." msgstr "便完成編輯的步驟，接著需要在您的寬螢幕顯示器啟動 X。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12671 +#: book.translate.xml:12734 msgid "Troubleshooting Compiz Fusion" msgstr "Compiz Fusion 疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:12676 +#: book.translate.xml:12739 msgid "" "I have installed Compiz Fusion, and after running " "the commands you mention, my windows are left without title bars and " @@ -19933,7 +20069,7 @@ "令後，我的視窗的標題列與按鈕便消失了。是那裡有問題?" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:12684 +#: book.translate.xml:12747 msgid "" "You are probably missing a setting in /etc/X11/xorg.conf. Review this file carefully and check especially the " @@ -19945,7 +20081,7 @@ "literal> 指令項。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:12695 +#: book.translate.xml:12758 msgid "" "When I run the command to start Compiz Fusion, " "the X server crashes and I am back at the console. What is wrong?" @@ -19954,7 +20090,7 @@ "了，然後我又返回 Console。是那裡有問題?" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:12702 +#: book.translate.xml:12765 msgid "" "If you check /var/log/Xorg.0.log, you will probably " "find error messages during the X startup. The most common would be:" @@ -19963,7 +20099,7 @@ "所發生的錯誤訊息。最常發生的錯誤會是：" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12707 +#: book.translate.xml:12770 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(EE) NVIDIA(0): Failed to initialize the GLX module; please check in your X\n" @@ -19974,7 +20110,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:12713 +#: book.translate.xml:12776 msgid "" "This is usually the case when you upgrade Xorg. " "You will need to reinstall the x11/nvidia-driver package " @@ -19984,12 +20120,12 @@ "安裝 x11/nvidia-driver 套件來重新編譯 glx。" #. (itstool) path: part/title -#: book.translate.xml:12727 +#: book.translate.xml:12790 msgid "Common Tasks" msgstr "一般作業" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:12730 +#: book.translate.xml:12793 msgid "" "Now that the basics have been covered, this part of the book discusses some " "frequently used features of FreeBSD. These chapters:" @@ -19998,50 +20134,50 @@ "色，這些章節包括：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12736 +#: book.translate.xml:12799 msgid "" "Introduce popular and useful desktop applications: browsers, productivity " "tools, document viewers, and more." msgstr "介紹給您常見且實用的桌面應用軟體：瀏覽器、辦工工具、文件閱覽程式等。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12742 +#: book.translate.xml:12805 msgid "Introduce a number of multimedia tools available for FreeBSD." msgstr "介紹給您眾多 FreeBSD 上可用的多媒體工具。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12747 +#: book.translate.xml:12810 msgid "" "Explain the process of building a customized FreeBSD kernel to enable extra " "functionality." msgstr "解釋如何編譯量身訂做的 FreeBSD 核心以增加額外系統功能的流程。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12752 +#: book.translate.xml:12815 msgid "" "Describe the print system in detail, both for desktop and network-connected " "printer setups." msgstr "詳細描述列印系統，包含桌上型印表機及網路印表機的設定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12757 +#: book.translate.xml:12820 msgid "Show how to run Linux applications on the FreeBSD system." msgstr "展示給您看如何在您的 FreeBSD 系統中執行 Linux 應用軟體。" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:12762 +#: book.translate.xml:12825 msgid "" "Some of these chapters recommend prior reading, and this is noted in the " "synopsis at the beginning of each chapter." msgstr "這些章節中有些需要您預先閱讀些相關文件，在各章節開頭的概要內會提及。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:12785 +#: book.translate.xml:12848 msgid "Desktop Applications" msgstr "桌面應用程式" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12790 +#: book.translate.xml:12853 msgid "" "While FreeBSD is popular as a server for its performance and stability, it " "is also suited for day-to-day use as a desktop. With over 24,000 " @@ -20057,7 +20193,7 @@ "含網頁瀏覽器、辦工軟體、文件閱覽程式以及財務軟體。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12800 +#: book.translate.xml:12863 msgid "" "Users who prefer to install a pre-built desktop version of FreeBSD rather " "than configuring one from scratch should refer to the trueos.org 網站。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12807 +#: book.translate.xml:12870 msgid "Readers of this chapter should know how to:" msgstr "在閱讀這章之前，你必須了解如何：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12811 +#: book.translate.xml:12874 msgid "" "Install additional software using packages or ports as described in ." msgstr "使用套件或 Port 安裝其他軟體如 所敘述。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12816 +#: book.translate.xml:12879 msgid "Install X and a window manager as described in ." msgstr "安狀 X 與視窗管理程式如 所敘述。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12821 +#: book.translate.xml:12884 msgid "" "For information on how to configure a multimedia environment, refer to ." @@ -20092,17 +20228,17 @@ "要取得有關如何設定多媒體環境的資訊，請參考 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:12826 +#: book.translate.xml:12889 msgid "Browsers" msgstr "瀏覽器" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12828 +#: book.translate.xml:12891 msgid "browsers web" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12833 +#: book.translate.xml:12896 msgid "" "FreeBSD does not come with a pre-installed web browser. Instead, the www category of " @@ -20114,7 +20250,7 @@ "可以採 Binary 套件安裝或自 Port 套件集編譯的方式安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12839 +#: book.translate.xml:12902 msgid "" "The KDE and GNOME " "desktop environments include their own HTML browser. Refer to www/dillo2, " "www/links, and www/w3m." @@ -20134,7 +20270,7 @@ "links 以及 www/w3m。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12849 +#: book.translate.xml:12912 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to install the following popular web browsers " "and indicates if the application is resource-heavy, takes time to compile " @@ -20144,48 +20280,48 @@ "源、花費大量時間自 Port 編譯或何主要的相依套件。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12858 book.translate.xml:13085 book.translate.xml:13395 -#: book.translate.xml:13619 +#: book.translate.xml:12921 book.translate.xml:13148 book.translate.xml:13458 +#: book.translate.xml:13682 msgid "Application Name" msgstr "應用程式名稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12859 book.translate.xml:13086 book.translate.xml:13396 -#: book.translate.xml:13620 +#: book.translate.xml:12922 book.translate.xml:13149 book.translate.xml:13459 +#: book.translate.xml:13683 msgid "Resources Needed" msgstr "所需資源" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12860 book.translate.xml:13087 book.translate.xml:13397 -#: book.translate.xml:13621 +#: book.translate.xml:12923 book.translate.xml:13150 book.translate.xml:13460 +#: book.translate.xml:13684 msgid "Installation from Ports" msgstr "自 Port 安裝時間" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12861 book.translate.xml:17048 book.translate.xml:65141 +#: book.translate.xml:12924 book.translate.xml:17157 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Notes" msgstr "說明" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12867 +#: book.translate.xml:12930 msgid "Firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12868 book.translate.xml:12883 book.translate.xml:12891 +#: book.translate.xml:12931 book.translate.xml:12946 book.translate.xml:12954 msgid "medium" msgstr "中" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12869 book.translate.xml:12884 book.translate.xml:12892 -#: book.translate.xml:13096 book.translate.xml:13111 book.translate.xml:13118 -#: book.translate.xml:13435 book.translate.xml:13630 book.translate.xml:13637 -#: book.translate.xml:13644 +#: book.translate.xml:12932 book.translate.xml:12947 book.translate.xml:12955 +#: book.translate.xml:13159 book.translate.xml:13174 book.translate.xml:13181 +#: book.translate.xml:13498 book.translate.xml:13693 book.translate.xml:13700 +#: book.translate.xml:13707 msgid "heavy" msgstr "多" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12870 +#: book.translate.xml:12933 msgid "" "FreeBSD, Linux, and localized " "versions are available" @@ -20193,86 +20329,85 @@ "有 FreeBSD 、 Linux 及在地化版本" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12875 +#: book.translate.xml:12938 msgid "Opera" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12876 book.translate.xml:12877 book.translate.xml:13095 -#: book.translate.xml:13102 book.translate.xml:13103 book.translate.xml:13110 -#: book.translate.xml:13405 book.translate.xml:13406 book.translate.xml:13412 -#: book.translate.xml:13413 book.translate.xml:13419 book.translate.xml:13420 -#: book.translate.xml:13427 book.translate.xml:13428 book.translate.xml:13434 -#: book.translate.xml:13629 book.translate.xml:13636 book.translate.xml:13643 +#: book.translate.xml:12939 book.translate.xml:12940 book.translate.xml:13158 +#: book.translate.xml:13165 book.translate.xml:13166 book.translate.xml:13173 +#: book.translate.xml:13468 book.translate.xml:13469 book.translate.xml:13475 +#: book.translate.xml:13476 book.translate.xml:13482 book.translate.xml:13483 +#: book.translate.xml:13490 book.translate.xml:13491 book.translate.xml:13497 +#: book.translate.xml:13692 book.translate.xml:13699 book.translate.xml:13706 msgid "light" msgstr "少" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12878 +#: book.translate.xml:12941 msgid "" "FreeBSD and Linux versions are " "available" msgstr "有 FreeBSD 、 Linux 版本" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12882 +#: book.translate.xml:12945 msgid "Konqueror" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12885 +#: book.translate.xml:12948 msgid "Requires KDE libraries" msgstr "需要 KDE 程式庫" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12890 +#: book.translate.xml:12953 msgid "Chromium" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12893 +#: book.translate.xml:12956 msgid "Requires Gtk+" msgstr "需要 Gtk+ 程式庫" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12900 +#: book.translate.xml:12963 msgid "Firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12902 +#: book.translate.xml:12965 msgid "Firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12906 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:12969 msgid "" "Firefox is an open source browser that features a " "standards-compliant HTML display engine, tabbed browsing, popup blocking, " "extensions, improved security, and more. Firefox " "is based on the Mozilla codebase." msgstr "" -"Firefox 是一套已完整植到 FreeBSD 的開放源始碼瀏覽" -"器，它具備符合 HTML 標準的顯示引擎、頁籤瀏覽、彈出視窗封鎖、擴充套件、強化安" -"全性及其他更多功能。Firefox 的基礎使用了 " -"Mozilla 的程式庫。" +"Firefox 是一套開放源始碼的瀏覽器，它具備符合 HTML " +"標準的顯示引擎、頁籤瀏覽、彈出視窗封鎖、擴充套件、強化安全性及其他更多功能。" +"Firefox 的基礎使用了 Mozilla 的程式庫。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12913 +#: book.translate.xml:12976 msgid "" "To install the package of the latest release version of " "Firefox, type:" msgstr "要安裝最新釋出版本的 Firefox 套件可輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12916 +#: book.translate.xml:12979 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12918 +#: book.translate.xml:12981 msgid "" "To instead install Firefox Extended Support " "Release (ESR) version, use:" @@ -20281,13 +20416,13 @@ "Firefox，可使用：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12921 +#: book.translate.xml:12984 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install firefox-esr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12923 +#: book.translate.xml:12986 msgid "" "Localized versions are available in www/firefox-i18n and " "www/firefox-esr-i18n." @@ -20296,7 +20431,7 @@ "esr-i18n 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12927 +#: book.translate.xml:12990 msgid "" "The Ports Collection can instead be used to compile the desired version of " "Firefox from source code. This example builds " @@ -20308,7 +20443,7 @@ "firefox 可替換為 ESR 或在地化版本來安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12934 +#: book.translate.xml:12997 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/firefox\n" @@ -20316,17 +20451,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12939 +#: book.translate.xml:13002 msgid "Opera" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12941 +#: book.translate.xml:13004 msgid "Opera" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12945 +#: book.translate.xml:13008 msgid "" "Opera is a full-featured and standards-compliant " "browser which is still lightweight and fast. It comes with a built-in mail " @@ -20340,7 +20475,7 @@ "\">Linux 模擬模式下執行的版本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12952 +#: book.translate.xml:13015 msgid "" "This command installs the package of the FreeBSD version of " "Opera. Replace opera with " @@ -20352,20 +20487,20 @@ "\"registered\">Linux 版本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12957 +#: book.translate.xml:13020 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install opera" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12959 +#: book.translate.xml:13022 msgid "" "Alternately, install either version through the Ports Collection. This " "example compiles the native version:" -msgstr "或者，可安裝 Port 套件集中的版本，以下範例會編譯原生的版本。" +msgstr "或者，可安裝 Port 套件集中的版本，以下範例會編譯原生的版本：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12962 +#: book.translate.xml:13025 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/opera\n" @@ -20373,7 +20508,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12965 +#: book.translate.xml:13028 msgid "" "To install the Linux version, " "substitute linux-opera in place of operaopera 為 linux-opera。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12969 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:13032 msgid "" "To install Adobe Flash plugin support, first compile the " @@ -20395,12 +20529,12 @@ msgstr "" "要安裝 Adobe Flash 附加元件，需先編譯 www/linux-c6-flashplugin11 Port，因受到授權條款限制無法事先做為 " -"Binary 套件。然後安裝 www/opera-linuxplugins。以下範例示範編譯 Port 中的這兩個應用程式。" +"\">www/linux-flashplayer Port，因受到授權條款限制無法事先編譯為 " +"Binary 套件。然後再安裝 www/opera-linuxplugins。以下範例示範如何編譯 Port 中的這兩個應用程式：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12975 +#: book.translate.xml:13038 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/linux-flashplayer\n" @@ -20410,7 +20544,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12980 +#: book.translate.xml:13043 msgid "" "Once installed, check the presence of the plugin by starting the browser, " "entering opera:plugins in the location bar and pressing " @@ -20422,27 +20556,26 @@ "附加元件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12986 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:13049 msgid "" "To add the Java plugin, " "follow install java/icedtea-web." msgstr "" -"若要安裝 Java 附加元件請依" -"照 中的指示。" +"若要安裝 Java 附加元件請接" +"著安裝 java/icedtea-web。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12992 +#: book.translate.xml:13055 msgid "Konqueror" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12994 +#: book.translate.xml:13057 msgid "Konqueror" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12998 +#: book.translate.xml:13061 msgid "" "Konqueror is more than a web browser as it is " "also a file manager and a multimedia viewer. It is included in the " @@ -20453,7 +20586,7 @@ "中。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13003 +#: book.translate.xml:13066 msgid "" "Konqueror supports WebKit as well as its own " "KHTML. WebKit is a rendering engine used by many modern browsers including " @@ -20467,18 +20600,18 @@ "kwebkitpart 套件或 Port。此範例示範使用 Binary 套件安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13010 +#: book.translate.xml:13073 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install kwebkitpart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13012 +#: book.translate.xml:13075 msgid "To install from the Ports Collection:" msgstr "從 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13014 +#: book.translate.xml:13077 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/kwebkitpart\n" @@ -20486,7 +20619,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13017 +#: book.translate.xml:13080 msgid "" "To enable WebKit within Konqueror, click " "Settings, Configure Konqueror. In the " @@ -20500,7 +20633,7 @@ "quote> 旁的下拉示選單並變更 KHTML 為 WebKit。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13025 +#: book.translate.xml:13088 msgid "" "Konqueror also supports Flash. A How To。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13032 +#: book.translate.xml:13095 msgid "Chromium" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13034 +#: book.translate.xml:13097 msgid "Chromium" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13038 +#: book.translate.xml:13101 msgid "" "Chromium is an open source browser project that " "aims to build a safer, faster, and more stable web browsing experience. " @@ -20540,26 +20673,26 @@ "application> 的功能有頁籤式瀏覽、彈出視窗封鎖、擴充套件等等。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13046 +#: book.translate.xml:13109 msgid "" "Chromium can be installed as a package by typing:" msgstr "Chromium 可以使用套件來安裝，只要輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13049 +#: book.translate.xml:13112 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install chromium" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13051 +#: book.translate.xml:13114 msgid "" "Alternatively, Chromium can be compiled from " "source using the Ports Collection:" msgstr "或者可從 Port 套件集的原始碼編譯 Chromium：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13054 +#: book.translate.xml:13117 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/chromium\n" @@ -20567,7 +20700,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:13058 +#: book.translate.xml:13121 msgid "" "The executable for Chromium is /usr/" "local/bin/chrome, not /usr/local/bin/chromium，並非 /usr/local/bin/chromium。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:13066 +#: book.translate.xml:13129 msgid "Productivity" msgstr "辦工工具" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13068 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:13131 msgid "" "When it comes to productivity, users often look for an office suite or an " "easy-to-use word processor. While some desktop " @@ -20592,69 +20724,68 @@ "graphical word processors are available for FreeBSD, regardless of the " "installed window manager." msgstr "" -"當開始進行辦公，新的使用者通常會去找好用的辦公室軟體或是好上手的文件處理程" -"式。 雖然有些 桌面環境 像是 " -"KDE 已經提供了辦公軟體組合的套件，FreeBSD 預設未提" -"供任何辦工工具。 不論是否有安裝視窗管理程式，FreeBSD 可安裝多套辦公軟體以及圖" -"型化文件處理程式。" +"當開始進行辦公，使用者通常會找好用的辦公軟體或是好上手的文書處理程式。 雖然有" +"些 桌面環境 像是 KDE 已經提供了辦公軟體，但並沒有預設的辦公軟體，FreeBSD 提供多套辦公" +"軟體以及圖型化文書處理程式，不論您用那種的視窗管理程式都能使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13076 +#: book.translate.xml:13139 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to install the following popular productivity " "software and indicates if the application is resource-heavy, takes time to " "compile from ports, or has any major dependencies." msgstr "" -"本章節元範如何安裝以下熱門的辦工軟體以及說明該應用程式所需的資源、自 Port 編" +"本章節元範如何安裝以下熱門的辦公軟體以及說明該應用程式所需的資源、自 Port 編" "譯的時間或者是否有其他主要相依套件。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13088 book.translate.xml:13398 book.translate.xml:13622 +#: book.translate.xml:13151 book.translate.xml:13461 book.translate.xml:13685 msgid "Major Dependencies" msgstr "主要相依套件" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13094 +#: book.translate.xml:13157 msgid "Calligra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13097 book.translate.xml:13436 book.translate.xml:13645 +#: book.translate.xml:13160 book.translate.xml:13499 book.translate.xml:13708 msgid "KDE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13101 +#: book.translate.xml:13164 msgid "AbiWord" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13104 book.translate.xml:13421 +#: book.translate.xml:13167 book.translate.xml:13484 msgid "Gtk+ or GNOME" msgstr "Gtk+ 或 GNOME" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13109 +#: book.translate.xml:13172 msgid "The Gimp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13112 book.translate.xml:13429 +#: book.translate.xml:13175 book.translate.xml:13492 msgid "Gtk+" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13116 +#: book.translate.xml:13179 msgid "Apache OpenOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13119 book.translate.xml:13127 +#: book.translate.xml:13182 book.translate.xml:13190 msgid "huge" msgstr "非常多" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13120 +#: book.translate.xml:13183 msgid "" "JDK and " "Mozilla" @@ -20663,17 +20794,17 @@ "Mozilla" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13125 +#: book.translate.xml:13188 msgid "LibreOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13126 +#: book.translate.xml:13189 msgid "somewhat heavy" msgstr "有點多" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13128 +#: book.translate.xml:13191 msgid "" "Gtk+, or KDE/ " "GNOME, or JDK" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13138 +#: book.translate.xml:13201 msgid "Calligra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13140 +#: book.translate.xml:13203 msgid "Calligra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13143 +#: book.translate.xml:13206 msgid "" "office suite Calligra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13148 +#: book.translate.xml:13211 msgid "" "The KDE desktop environment includes an office suite which can be installed " "separately from KDE. CalligraKarbon 用來繪製圖型文件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13159 +#: book.translate.xml:13222 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, editors/calligra can be installed as a " "package or a port. To install the package:" @@ -20727,18 +20858,18 @@ "安裝，要使用套件安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13163 +#: book.translate.xml:13226 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install calligra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13165 +#: book.translate.xml:13228 msgid "If the package is not available, use the Ports Collection instead:" msgstr "若沒有可用的套件，可改使用 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13168 +#: book.translate.xml:13231 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/editors/calligra\n" @@ -20746,17 +20877,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13173 +#: book.translate.xml:13236 msgid "AbiWord" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13175 +#: book.translate.xml:13238 msgid "AbiWord" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13179 +#: book.translate.xml:13242 msgid "" "AbiWord is a free word processing program similar " "in look and feel to Microsoft。 它非常快速，包含了許多功能而且非常容易上手。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13184 +#: book.translate.xml:13247 msgid "" "AbiWord can import or export many file formats, " "including some proprietary ones like .rtf 格式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13188 +#: book.translate.xml:13251 msgid "To install the AbiWord package:" msgstr "" "要安裝 AbiWord Binary 套件，可使用下列指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13191 +#: book.translate.xml:13254 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install abiword" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13193 +#: book.translate.xml:13256 msgid "" "If the package is not available, it can be compiled from the Ports " "Collection:" msgstr "若沒有 Binary 套件版本，也可以從 Port 套件集中編譯安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13196 +#: book.translate.xml:13259 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/editors/abiword\n" @@ -20806,17 +20937,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13201 +#: book.translate.xml:13264 msgid "The GIMP" msgstr "The GIMP" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13203 +#: book.translate.xml:13266 msgid "The GIMP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13207 +#: book.translate.xml:13270 msgid "" "For image authoring or picture retouching, The GIMP provides a sophisticated image manipulation program. It can be " @@ -20831,23 +20962,23 @@ "可以讀寫許多檔案格式。 它也支援掃描器和手寫板。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13216 +#: book.translate.xml:13279 msgid "To install the package:" msgstr "要安裝套件可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13218 +#: book.translate.xml:13281 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gimp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13220 +#: book.translate.xml:13283 msgid "Alternately, use the Ports Collection:" msgstr "或使用 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13222 +#: book.translate.xml:13285 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp\n" @@ -20855,7 +20986,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13225 +#: book.translate.xml:13288 msgid "" "The graphics category (freebsd.org/ports/graphics.html) of the Ports " @@ -20867,24 +20998,24 @@ "GIMP 相關的附加元件，說明檔及使用手冊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13233 +#: book.translate.xml:13296 msgid "Apache OpenOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13235 +#: book.translate.xml:13298 msgid " Apache OpenOffice " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13240 +#: book.translate.xml:13303 msgid "" "office suite Apache OpenOffice " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13247 +#: book.translate.xml:13310 msgid "" "Apache OpenOffice is an open source office suite " "which is developed under the wing of the Apache Software Foundation's " @@ -20902,7 +21033,7 @@ "同語言的使用者介面、拼字檢查和字典。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13258 +#: book.translate.xml:13321 msgid "" "The word processor of Apache OpenOffice uses a " "native XML file format for increased portability and flexibility. The " @@ -20930,18 +21061,18 @@ "freebsd/。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13269 +#: book.translate.xml:13332 msgid "To install the Apache OpenOffice package:" msgstr "要安裝 Apache OpenOffice 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13272 +#: book.translate.xml:13335 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install apache-openoffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13274 +#: book.translate.xml:13337 msgid "" "Once the package is installed, type the following command to launch " "Apache OpenOffice:" @@ -20950,13 +21081,13 @@ "OpenOffice：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13277 +#: book.translate.xml:13340 #, no-wrap msgid "% openoffice-X.Y.Z" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13279 +#: book.translate.xml:13342 msgid "" "where X.Y.Z is the version number of the " "installed version of Apache OpenOffice. The first " @@ -20970,7 +21101,7 @@ ".openoffice.org 資料夾。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13287 +#: book.translate.xml:13350 msgid "" "If the desired Apache OpenOffice package is not " "available, compiling the port is still an option. However, this requires a " @@ -20980,7 +21111,7 @@ "從 Port 編譯。 不過必須注意：編譯的過程會需要大量的磁碟空間與時間：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13292 +#: book.translate.xml:13355 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/editors/openoffice-4\n" @@ -20988,18 +21119,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:13296 +#: book.translate.xml:13359 msgid "To build a localized version, replace the previous command with:" msgstr "如果想要編譯在地化的版本，將前面的指令替換成為：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13299 +#: book.translate.xml:13362 #, no-wrap msgid "# make LOCALIZED_LANG=your_language install clean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:13301 +#: book.translate.xml:13364 msgid "" "Replace your_language with the correct language " "ISO-code. A list of supported language codes is available in files/" @@ -21010,24 +21141,24 @@ "錄。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13311 +#: book.translate.xml:13374 msgid "LibreOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13313 +#: book.translate.xml:13376 msgid "LibreOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13316 +#: book.translate.xml:13379 msgid "" "office suite LibreOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13321 +#: book.translate.xml:13384 msgid "" "LibreOffice is a free software office suite " "developed by LibreOffice uses a native " "XML file format for increased portability and flexibility. The spreadsheet " @@ -21071,20 +21202,20 @@ "到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13344 +#: book.translate.xml:13407 msgid "" "To install the English version of the LibreOffice " "package:" msgstr "要安裝英文版本的 LibreOffice 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13347 +#: book.translate.xml:13410 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install libreoffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13349 +#: book.translate.xml:13412 msgid "" "The editors category (freebsd.org/ports/editors.html) of the Ports " @@ -21098,7 +21229,7 @@ "libreoffice 為在地化套件的名稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13355 +#: book.translate.xml:13418 msgid "" "Once the package is installed, type the following command to run " "LibreOffice:" @@ -21106,13 +21237,13 @@ "套件安裝之後，輸入以下指令來執行 LibreOffice：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13358 +#: book.translate.xml:13421 #, no-wrap msgid "% libreoffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13360 +#: book.translate.xml:13423 msgid "" "During the first launch, some questions will be asked and a ." "libreoffice folder will be created in the user's home directory." @@ -21121,7 +21252,7 @@ "libreoffice 資料夾。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13364 +#: book.translate.xml:13427 msgid "" "If the desired LibreOffice package is not " "available, compiling the port is still an option. However, this requires a " @@ -21132,7 +21263,7 @@ "譯，但這會要大量的磁碟空間及漫長的時間編譯。以下例子示範編譯英文版本：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13370 +#: book.translate.xml:13433 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/editors/libreoffice\n" @@ -21140,7 +21271,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:13374 +#: book.translate.xml:13437 msgid "" "To build a localized version, cd into the port directory " "of the desired language. Supported languages can be found in the editors " @@ -21152,12 +21283,12 @@ "ports/editors.html\">freebsd.org/ports/editors.html) 中找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:13384 +#: book.translate.xml:13447 msgid "Document Viewers" msgstr "文件閱覽程式" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13386 +#: book.translate.xml:13449 msgid "" "Some new document formats have gained popularity since the advent of " "UNIX and the viewers they " @@ -21169,58 +21300,58 @@ "以下文件檢視程式：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13404 +#: book.translate.xml:13467 msgid "Xpdf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13407 +#: book.translate.xml:13470 msgid "FreeType" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13411 book.translate.xml:13476 +#: book.translate.xml:13474 book.translate.xml:13539 msgid "gv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13414 +#: book.translate.xml:13477 msgid "Xaw3d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13418 +#: book.translate.xml:13481 msgid "Geeqie" msgstr "Geeqie" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13426 +#: book.translate.xml:13489 msgid "ePDFView" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13433 +#: book.translate.xml:13496 msgid "Okular" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13443 +#: book.translate.xml:13506 msgid "Xpdf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13445 +#: book.translate.xml:13508 msgid "Xpdf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13448 book.translate.xml:13481 book.translate.xml:13547 +#: book.translate.xml:13511 book.translate.xml:13544 book.translate.xml:13610 msgid "PDF viewing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13453 +#: book.translate.xml:13516 msgid "" "For users that prefer a small FreeBSD PDF viewer, Xpdf provides a light-weight and efficient viewer which requires few " @@ -21232,24 +21363,24 @@ "準的 X 字型且不需要額外的工具包(Toolkit)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13459 +#: book.translate.xml:13522 msgid "To install the Xpdf package:" msgstr "安裝 Xpdf 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13462 +#: book.translate.xml:13525 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install xpdf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13464 book.translate.xml:13534 book.translate.xml:13679 -#: book.translate.xml:13713 book.translate.xml:13746 +#: book.translate.xml:13527 book.translate.xml:13597 book.translate.xml:13742 +#: book.translate.xml:13776 book.translate.xml:13809 msgid "If the package is not available, use the Ports Collection:" msgstr "若沒有可用的套件版本，可使用 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13467 +#: book.translate.xml:13530 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/xpdf\n" @@ -21257,24 +21388,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13470 +#: book.translate.xml:13533 msgid "" "Once the installation is complete, launch xpdf and use " "the right mouse button to activate the menu." msgstr "完成安裝後，執行 xpdf 並使用滑鼠右鍵開啟選單。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13478 +#: book.translate.xml:13541 msgid "gv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13485 +#: book.translate.xml:13548 msgid "PostScript viewing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13490 +#: book.translate.xml:13553 msgid "" "gv is a PostScript and PDF viewer. It is based on " @@ -21292,23 +21423,23 @@ "可以從鍵盤或滑鼠來完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13499 +#: book.translate.xml:13562 msgid "To install gv as a package:" msgstr "安裝 gv 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13502 +#: book.translate.xml:13565 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13504 book.translate.xml:13566 book.translate.xml:13596 +#: book.translate.xml:13567 book.translate.xml:13629 book.translate.xml:13659 msgid "If a package is unavailable, use the Ports Collection:" msgstr "若沒有可用的套件版本，可使用 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13507 +#: book.translate.xml:13570 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/print/gv\n" @@ -21316,17 +21447,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13512 +#: book.translate.xml:13575 msgid "Geeqie" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13514 +#: book.translate.xml:13577 msgid "Geeqie" msgstr "Geeqie" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13518 +#: book.translate.xml:13581 msgid "" "Geeqie is a fork from the unmaintained " "GQView project, in an effort to move development " @@ -21345,18 +21476,18 @@ "用全螢幕閱覽以及國際化。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13529 +#: book.translate.xml:13592 msgid "To install the Geeqie package:" msgstr "安裝 Geeqie 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13532 +#: book.translate.xml:13595 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install geeqie" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13537 +#: book.translate.xml:13600 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/geeqie\n" @@ -21364,17 +21495,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13542 +#: book.translate.xml:13605 msgid "ePDFView" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13544 +#: book.translate.xml:13607 msgid "ePDFView" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13552 +#: book.translate.xml:13615 msgid "" "ePDFView is a lightweight PDF " "document viewer that only uses the Gtk+ and " @@ -21390,18 +21521,18 @@ "application> 來列印。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13561 +#: book.translate.xml:13624 msgid "To install ePDFView as a package:" msgstr "要以套件安裝 ePDFView：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13564 +#: book.translate.xml:13627 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install epdfview" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13569 +#: book.translate.xml:13632 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/epdfview\n" @@ -21409,23 +21540,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13574 +#: book.translate.xml:13637 msgid "Okular" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13576 +#: book.translate.xml:13639 msgid "Okular" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13579 +#: book.translate.xml:13642 msgid "" "PDF viewing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13584 +#: book.translate.xml:13647 msgid "" "Okular is a universal document viewer based on " "KPDF for KDE. It can " @@ -21440,18 +21571,18 @@ "XPS 以及 ePub。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13591 +#: book.translate.xml:13654 msgid "To install Okular as a package:" msgstr "要以套件安裝 Okular：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13594 +#: book.translate.xml:13657 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install okular" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13599 +#: book.translate.xml:13662 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/okular\n" @@ -21459,12 +21590,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:13605 +#: book.translate.xml:13668 msgid "Finance" msgstr "財務" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13607 +#: book.translate.xml:13670 msgid "" "For managing personal finances on a FreeBSD desktop, some powerful and easy-" "to-use applications can be installed. Some are compatible with widespread " @@ -21476,42 +21607,42 @@ "Quicken 或 Excel 文件。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13613 +#: book.translate.xml:13676 msgid "This section covers these programs:" msgstr "這節涵蓋了下面這些軟體：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13628 +#: book.translate.xml:13691 msgid "GnuCash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13631 book.translate.xml:13638 +#: book.translate.xml:13694 book.translate.xml:13701 msgid "GNOME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13635 +#: book.translate.xml:13698 msgid "Gnumeric" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13642 +#: book.translate.xml:13705 msgid "KMyMoney" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13652 +#: book.translate.xml:13715 msgid "GnuCash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13654 +#: book.translate.xml:13717 msgid "GnuCash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13658 +#: book.translate.xml:13721 msgid "" "GnuCash is part of the GNOME effort to provide user-friendly, yet powerful, applications to " @@ -21525,7 +21656,7 @@ "蹤收入與花費、銀行帳戶以及股票證券等。 它的特性是介面直覺但功能仍非常專業。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13666 +#: book.translate.xml:13729 msgid "" "GnuCash provides a smart register, a hierarchical " "system of accounts, and many keyboard accelerators and auto-completion " @@ -21540,18 +21671,18 @@ "application> QIF 檔案。 它也能處理大部分國際的日期及通用貨幣之格式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13674 +#: book.translate.xml:13737 msgid "To install the GnuCash package:" msgstr "安裝 GnuCash 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13677 +#: book.translate.xml:13740 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gnucash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13682 +#: book.translate.xml:13745 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/finance/gnucash\n" @@ -21559,17 +21690,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13687 +#: book.translate.xml:13750 msgid "Gnumeric" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13689 +#: book.translate.xml:13752 msgid "Gnumeric" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13692 +#: book.translate.xml:13755 msgid "" "spreadsheet Gnumeric" @@ -21578,7 +21709,7 @@ "secondary>" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13697 +#: book.translate.xml:13760 msgid "" "Gnumeric is a spreadsheet program developed by " "the GNOME community. It features convenient " @@ -21597,18 +21728,18 @@ "儲存格格式，像是：數字、貨幣、日期、時間及其他格式等。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13708 +#: book.translate.xml:13771 msgid "To install Gnumeric as a package:" msgstr "安裝 Gnumeric 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13711 +#: book.translate.xml:13774 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gnumeric" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13716 +#: book.translate.xml:13779 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/math/gnumeric\n" @@ -21616,17 +21747,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13721 +#: book.translate.xml:13784 msgid "KMyMoney" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13723 +#: book.translate.xml:13786 msgid "KMyMoney" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13725 +#: book.translate.xml:13788 msgid "" "spreadsheet KMyMoney" @@ -21635,7 +21766,7 @@ "secondary>" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13730 +#: book.translate.xml:13793 msgid "" "KMyMoney is a personal finance application " "created by the KDE community. " @@ -21654,18 +21785,18 @@ "多種貨幣並提供財務報表。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13741 +#: book.translate.xml:13804 msgid "To install KMyMoney as a package:" msgstr "要以套件安裝 KMyMoney：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13744 +#: book.translate.xml:13807 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install kmymoney-kde4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13749 +#: book.translate.xml:13812 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/finance/kmymoney-kde4\n" @@ -21673,19 +21804,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:13764 +#: book.translate.xml:13827 msgid "Multimedia" msgstr "多媒體" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:13767 +#: book.translate.xml:13830 msgid "" " Ross Lippert Edited by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13780 +#: book.translate.xml:13843 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports a wide variety of sound cards, allowing users to enjoy high " "fidelity output from a FreeBSD system. This includes the ability to record " @@ -21701,17 +21832,17 @@ "制 MIDI 配備的應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13789 +#: book.translate.xml:13852 msgid "" "FreeBSD also supports the playback of video files and DVDs. The FreeBSD Ports Collection contains applications to encode, " "convert, and playback various video media." msgstr "" -" FreeBSD 也能播放一般的視訊檔和 DVD。 FreeBSD Port 套件集" -"中含有可編碼、轉換以及播放格種影像媒體的應用程式。" +"FreeBSD 也能播放一般的視訊檔和 DVD。 FreeBSD Port 套件集中" +"含有可編碼、轉換以及播放格種影像媒體的應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13794 +#: book.translate.xml:13857 msgid "" "This chapter describes how to configure sound cards, video playback, TV " "tuner cards, and scanners on FreeBSD. It also describes some of the " @@ -21721,32 +21852,32 @@ "有那些應用程式可以使用這些裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13799 +#: book.translate.xml:13862 msgid "After reading this chapter, you will know how to:" msgstr "讀完這章，您將了解：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13803 +#: book.translate.xml:13866 msgid "Configure a sound card on FreeBSD." msgstr "設定 FreeBSD 上的音效卡。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13807 +#: book.translate.xml:13870 msgid "Troubleshoot the sound setup." msgstr "音效設定疑難排解。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13811 +#: book.translate.xml:13874 msgid "Playback and encode MP3s and other audio." msgstr "播放、錄製 MP3 及其他聲音檔案格式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13815 +#: book.translate.xml:13878 msgid "Prepare a FreeBSD system for video playback." msgstr "FreeBSD 系統播放影像的準備工具。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13819 +#: book.translate.xml:13882 msgid "" "Play DVDs, .mpg, and .avi files." @@ -21755,65 +21886,69 @@ "filename> 檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13824 +#: book.translate.xml:13887 msgid "" "Rip CD and DVD content into files." msgstr "" "擷取(Rip) CD 和 DVD的內容至檔案。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13829 +#: book.translate.xml:13892 msgid "Configure a TV card." msgstr "設定電視卡。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13833 +#: book.translate.xml:13896 msgid "Install and setup MythTV on FreeBSD" -msgstr "在 FreeBSD 安裝 MythTV 。" +msgstr "在 FreeBSD 安裝 MythTV" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13837 +#: book.translate.xml:13900 msgid "Configure an image scanner." msgstr "設定影像掃描機。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:13844 +#: book.translate.xml:13904 +msgid "Configure a Bluetooth headset." +msgstr "設定藍芽耳機。" + +#. (itstool) path: listitem/para +#: book.translate.xml:13911 msgid "" "Know how to install applications as described in ." msgstr "知道如何安裝應用程式如 所敘述。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:13851 +#: book.translate.xml:13918 msgid "Setting Up the Sound Card" msgstr "設定音效卡" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:13854 +#: book.translate.xml:13921 msgid "" " Moses Moore Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:13864 +#: book.translate.xml:13931 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille Enhanced by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13874 +#: book.translate.xml:13941 msgid "PCI" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13875 +#: book.translate.xml:13942 msgid "sound cards" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13876 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:13943 msgid "" "Before beginning the configuration, determine the model of the sound card " "and the chip it uses. FreeBSD supports a wide variety of sound cards. Check " @@ -21823,16 +21958,16 @@ msgstr "" "開始設定之前，必須先知道你的音效卡型號、晶片為何。 FreeBSD 支援許多種音效卡，" "請檢查支援的音效硬體表 Hardware Notes，以確認你的音效卡是否支" +"releases/12.0R/hardware.html\">Hardware Notes，以確認你的音效卡是否支" "援以及如何在 FreeBSD 上驅動。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13883 +#: book.translate.xml:13950 msgid "kernel configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13888 +#: book.translate.xml:13955 msgid "" "In order to use the sound device, its device driver must be loaded. The " "easiest way is to load a kernel module for the sound card with " @@ -21843,16 +21978,16 @@ "要使用音效裝置，必須要載入正確的驅動程式才行。最簡單方式就是以 " "kldload8 來載入核心模組。以下範例示範載入 Intel 規格內建的音" -"效晶片驅動程式。" +"效晶片驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13894 +#: book.translate.xml:13961 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload snd_hda" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13896 +#: book.translate.xml:13963 msgid "" "To automate the loading of this driver at boot time, add the driver to " "/boot/loader.conf. The line for this driver is:" @@ -21861,13 +21996,13 @@ "filename> 檔，以此驅動程式為例：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:13900 +#: book.translate.xml:13967 #, no-wrap msgid "snd_hda_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13902 +#: book.translate.xml:13969 msgid "" "Other available sound modules are listed in /boot/defaults/loader." "conf. When unsure which driver to use, load the " @@ -21878,13 +22013,13 @@ "filename> 模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13907 +#: book.translate.xml:13974 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload snd_driver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13909 +#: book.translate.xml:13976 msgid "" "This is a metadriver which loads all of the most common sound drivers and " "can be used to speed up the search for the correct driver. It is also " @@ -21896,7 +22031,7 @@ "所有音效驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13915 +#: book.translate.xml:13982 msgid "" "To determine which driver was selected for the sound card after loading the " "snd_driver metadriver, type cat /dev/sndstatcat /dev/sndstat。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13920 +#: book.translate.xml:13987 msgid "Configuring a Custom Kernel with Sound Support" msgstr "設定自訂核心支援音效" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13922 +#: book.translate.xml:13989 msgid "" "This section is for users who prefer to statically compile in support for " "the sound card in a custom kernel. For more information about recompiling a " @@ -21919,20 +22054,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13926 +#: book.translate.xml:13993 msgid "" "When using a custom kernel to provide sound support, make sure that the " "audio framework driver exists in the custom kernel configuration file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:13930 +#: book.translate.xml:13997 #, no-wrap msgid "device sound" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13932 +#: book.translate.xml:13999 msgid "" "Next, add support for the sound card. To continue the example of the built-" "in audio chipset based on the Intel specification from the previous section, " @@ -21940,20 +22075,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:13937 +#: book.translate.xml:14004 #, no-wrap msgid "device snd_hda" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13939 +#: book.translate.xml:14006 msgid "" "Be sure to read the manual page of the driver for the device name to use for " "the driver." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13942 +#: book.translate.xml:14009 msgid "" "Non-PnP ISA sound cards may require the IRQ and I/O port settings of the " "card to be added to /boot/device.hints. During the boot " @@ -21968,7 +22103,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:13952 +#: book.translate.xml:14019 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device snd_sbc\n" @@ -21976,7 +22111,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13955 +#: book.translate.xml:14022 msgid "" "If the card uses the 0x220 I/O port and IRQ 5, these lines must also be added to /boot/device.hints/boot/device.hints is described in " "sound4dmesg | grep pcm# cat /dev/sndstat\n" @@ -22052,7 +22187,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13997 +#: book.translate.xml:14064 msgid "" "The output will vary depending upon the sound card. If no pcm devices are listed, double-check that the correct device driver " @@ -22061,7 +22196,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14003 +#: book.translate.xml:14070 msgid "" "If all goes well, the sound card should now work in FreeBSD. If the " "CD or DVD drive is properly connected " @@ -22071,13 +22206,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14009 +#: book.translate.xml:14076 #, no-wrap msgid "% cdcontrol -f /dev/acd0 play 1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:14012 +#: book.translate.xml:14079 msgid "" "Audio CDs have specialized encodings which means that " "they should not be mounted using mountaudio/workman, provide a " "friendlier interface. The audio/mpg123 port can be " @@ -22093,20 +22228,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14022 +#: book.translate.xml:14089 msgid "" "Another quick way to test the card is to send data to /dev/dsp:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14025 +#: book.translate.xml:14092 #, no-wrap msgid "% cat filename > /dev/dsp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14027 +#: book.translate.xml:14094 msgid "" "where filename can be any " "type of file. This command should produce some noise, confirming that the " @@ -22114,7 +22249,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:14033 +#: book.translate.xml:14100 msgid "" "The /dev/dsp* device nodes will be created " "automatically as needed. When not in use, they do not exist and will not " @@ -22123,91 +22258,177 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14041 +#: book.translate.xml:14108 +msgid "Setting up Bluetooth Sound Devices" +msgstr "設定藍芽音效裝置" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm +#: book.translate.xml:14110 +msgid "Bluetooth audio" +msgstr "藍牙音訊" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:14114 +msgid "" +"Connecting to a Bluetooth device is out of scope for this chapter. Refer to " +" for more information." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:14117 +msgid "" +"To get Bluetooth sound sink working with FreeBSD's sound system, users have " +"to install audio/virtual_oss first:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:14121 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# pkg install virtual_oss" +msgstr "# pkg install virtual_oss" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:14123 +msgid "" +"audio/virtual_oss requires cuse to be " +"loaded into the kernel:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:14126 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# kldload cuse" +msgstr "# kldload cuse" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:14128 +msgid "" +"To load cuse during system startup, run this command:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:14131 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf cuse_load=yes" +msgstr "# sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf cuse_load=yes" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:14133 +msgid "" +"To use headphones as a sound sink with audio/virtual_oss, " +"users need to create a virtual device after connecting to a Bluetooth audio " +"device:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:14138 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# virtual_oss -C 2 -c 2 -r 48000 -b 16 -s 768 -R /dev/null -P /dev/bluetooth/headphones -d dsp" +msgstr "# virtual_oss -C 2 -c 2 -r 48000 -b 16 -s 768 -R /dev/null -P /dev/bluetooth/headphones -d dsp" + +#. (itstool) path: note/para +#: book.translate.xml:14141 +msgid "" +"headphones in this example is a hostname from " +"/etc/bluetooth/hosts. BT_ADDR could " +"be used instead." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:14146 +msgid "" +"Refer to virtual_oss8 for more information." +msgstr "" +"請參考 virtual_oss8 取得更多資訊。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/title +#: book.translate.xml:14150 msgid "Troubleshooting Sound" msgstr "疑難排解音效" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14043 +#: book.translate.xml:14152 msgid "device nodes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14044 +#: book.translate.xml:14153 msgid "I/O port" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14045 +#: book.translate.xml:14154 msgid "IRQ" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14046 +#: book.translate.xml:14155 msgid "DSP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14048 +#: book.translate.xml:14157 msgid "" " lists some common " "error messages and their solutions:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:14052 +#: book.translate.xml:14161 msgid "Common Error Messages" msgstr "常見錯誤訊息" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14057 +#: book.translate.xml:14166 msgid "Error" msgstr "錯誤" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14058 +#: book.translate.xml:14167 msgid "Solution" msgstr "解決方式" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14064 +#: book.translate.xml:14173 msgid "sb_dspwr(XX) timed out" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:14066 +#: book.translate.xml:14175 msgid "The I/O port is not set correctly." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14071 +#: book.translate.xml:14180 msgid "bad irq XX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:14072 +#: book.translate.xml:14181 msgid "" "The IRQ is set incorrectly. Make sure that the set IRQ and the sound IRQ are " "the same." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14078 +#: book.translate.xml:14187 msgid "xxx: gus pcm not attached, out of memory" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:14080 +#: book.translate.xml:14189 msgid "There is not enough available memory to use the device." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14085 +#: book.translate.xml:14194 msgid "xxx: can't open /dev/dsp!" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:14087 +#: book.translate.xml:14196 msgid "" "Type fstat | grep dsp to check if another application is " "holding the device open. Noteworthy troublemakers are esoundHDMI. This sound device is sometimes enumerated before " @@ -22226,7 +22447,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14107 +#: book.translate.xml:14216 #, no-wrap msgid "" "...\n" @@ -22249,7 +22470,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14125 +#: book.translate.xml:14234 msgid "" "In this example, the graphics card (NVidia) has been " "enumerated before the sound card (Realtek ALC889). To use " @@ -22258,13 +22479,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14132 +#: book.translate.xml:14241 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl hw.snd.default_unit=n" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14134 +#: book.translate.xml:14243 msgid "" "where n is the number of the sound device to use. In this " "example, it should be 4. Make this change permanent by " @@ -22272,25 +22493,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14140 +#: book.translate.xml:14249 #, no-wrap msgid "hw.snd.default_unit=4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:14145 +#: book.translate.xml:14254 msgid "Utilizing Multiple Sound Sources" msgstr "使用多個音效來源" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:14148 +#: book.translate.xml:14257 msgid "" " Munish Chopra Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14158 +#: book.translate.xml:14267 msgid "" "It is often desirable to have multiple sources of sound that are able to " "play simultaneously. FreeBSD uses Virtual Sound Channels to " @@ -22298,7 +22519,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14163 +#: book.translate.xml:14272 msgid "" "Three sysctl8 knobs are available for configuring virtual " @@ -22306,7 +22527,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14166 +#: book.translate.xml:14275 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4\n" @@ -22315,7 +22536,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14170 +#: book.translate.xml:14279 msgid "" "This example allocates four virtual channels, which is a practical number " "for everyday use. Both dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4 and " @@ -22330,7 +22551,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:14183 +#: book.translate.xml:14292 msgid "" "The number of virtual channels for a device cannot be changed while it is in " "use. First, close any programs using the device, such as music players or " @@ -22338,26 +22559,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14188 +#: book.translate.xml:14297 msgid "" "The correct pcm device will automatically be allocated " "transparently to a program that requests /dev/dsp0." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:14195 +#: book.translate.xml:14304 msgid "Setting Default Values for Mixer Channels" msgstr "設定混音器頻道的預設值" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:14198 +#: book.translate.xml:14307 msgid "" " Josef El-Rayes Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14208 +#: book.translate.xml:14317 msgid "" "The default values for the different mixer channels are hardcoded in the " "source code of the pcm50 " "when the pcm4 Chern Lee Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14240 +#: book.translate.xml:14349 msgid "" "This section describes some MP3 players available for " "FreeBSD, how to rip audio CD tracks, and how to encode " @@ -22404,12 +22625,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14246 +#: book.translate.xml:14355 msgid "MP3 Players" msgstr "MP3 播放器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14248 +#: book.translate.xml:14357 msgid "" "A popular graphical MP3 player is Audacious. It supports Winamp skins and " @@ -22422,7 +22643,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14259 +#: book.translate.xml:14368 msgid "" "The audio/mpg123 package or port provides an alternative, " "command-line MP3 player. Once installed, specify the " @@ -22431,7 +22652,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14265 +#: book.translate.xml:14374 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mpg123 -a /dev/dsp1.0 Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3\n" @@ -22444,19 +22665,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14273 +#: book.translate.xml:14382 msgid "" "Additional MP3 players are available in the FreeBSD Ports " "Collection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14278 +#: book.translate.xml:14387 msgid "Ripping CD Audio Tracks" msgstr "擷取 CD 音軌" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14280 +#: book.translate.xml:14389 msgid "" "Before encoding a CD or CD track to " "MP3, the audio data on the CD must be " @@ -22466,7 +22687,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14287 +#: book.translate.xml:14396 msgid "" "The cdda2wav tool, which is installed with the " "sysutils/cdrtools suite, can be used to rip audio " @@ -22474,7 +22695,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14292 +#: book.translate.xml:14401 msgid "" "With the audio CD in the drive, the following command can " "be issued as root to rip an " @@ -22483,13 +22704,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14298 +#: book.translate.xml:14407 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -B" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14300 +#: book.translate.xml:14409 msgid "" "In this example, the " "indicates the SCSI device 0,1,0 " @@ -22498,29 +22719,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14307 +#: book.translate.xml:14416 msgid "To rip individual tracks, use to specify the track:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14310 +#: book.translate.xml:14419 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14312 +#: book.translate.xml:14421 msgid "To rip a range of tracks, such as track one to seven, specify a range:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14315 +#: book.translate.xml:14424 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 1+7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14317 +#: book.translate.xml:14426 msgid "" "To rip from an ATAPI (IDE) " "CDROM drive, specify the device name in place of the " @@ -22529,13 +22750,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14323 +#: book.translate.xml:14432 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdda2wav -D /dev/acd0 -t 7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14325 +#: book.translate.xml:14434 msgid "" "Alternately, dd can be used to extract audio tracks on " "ATAPI drives, as described in Lame is a popular MP3 encoder " "which can be installed from the audio/lame port. Due to " @@ -22556,7 +22777,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14338 +#: book.translate.xml:14447 msgid "" "The following command will convert the ripped WAV file " "audio01.wav to " @@ -22564,7 +22785,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14343 +#: book.translate.xml:14452 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lame -h -b 128 --tt \"Foo Song Title\" --ta \"FooBar Artist\" --tl \"FooBar Album\" \\\n" @@ -22572,7 +22793,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14346 +#: book.translate.xml:14455 msgid "" "The specified 128 kbits is a standard MP3 bitrate while " "the 160 and 192 bitrates provide higher quality. The higher the bitrate, the " @@ -22585,7 +22806,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14359 +#: book.translate.xml:14468 msgid "" "In order to burn an audio CD from MP3s, they must first be converted to a non-compressed file format. " @@ -22596,72 +22817,72 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14367 +#: book.translate.xml:14476 msgid "" "To convert audio01.mp3 using mpg123, specify the name of the PCM file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14371 +#: book.translate.xml:14480 #, no-wrap msgid "# mpg123 -s audio01.mp3 > audio01.pcm" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14373 +#: book.translate.xml:14482 msgid "" "To use XMMS to convert a MP3 " "to WAV format, use these steps:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:14378 +#: book.translate.xml:14487 msgid "" "Converting to WAV Format in XMMS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14382 +#: book.translate.xml:14491 msgid "Launch XMMS." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14386 +#: book.translate.xml:14495 msgid "" "Right-click the window to bring up the XMMS menu." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14391 +#: book.translate.xml:14500 msgid "Select Preferences under Options." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14396 +#: book.translate.xml:14505 msgid "Change the Output Plugin to Disk Writer Plugin." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14401 +#: book.translate.xml:14510 msgid "Press Configure." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14405 +#: book.translate.xml:14514 msgid "Enter or browse to a directory to write the uncompressed files to." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14410 +#: book.translate.xml:14519 msgid "" "Load the MP3 file into XMMS as " "usual, with volume at 100% and EQ settings turned off." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14416 +#: book.translate.xml:14525 msgid "" "Press Play. The XMMS will " "appear as if it is playing the MP3, but no music will be " @@ -22669,14 +22890,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14424 +#: book.translate.xml:14533 msgid "" "When finished, be sure to set the default Output Plugin back to what it was " "before in order to listen to MP3s again." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14430 +#: book.translate.xml:14539 msgid "" "Both the WAV and PCM formats can be " "used with cdrecord. When using WAV% sox -t wav -r 44100 -s -w -c 2 track.wav track.raw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14440 +#: book.translate.xml:14549 msgid "" "Refer to for more information on using a " "CD burner in FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:14448 +#: book.translate.xml:14557 msgid "Video Playback" msgstr "影片播放" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:14451 +#: book.translate.xml:14560 msgid "" " Ross Lippert Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14461 +#: book.translate.xml:14570 msgid "" "Before configuring video playback, determine the model and chipset of the " "video card. While Xorg supports a wide variety of " @@ -22723,7 +22944,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14470 +#: book.translate.xml:14579 msgid "" "It is a good idea to have a short MPEG test file for evaluating various " "players and options. Since some DVD applications look for " @@ -22733,13 +22954,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14477 +#: book.translate.xml:14586 #, no-wrap msgid "# ln -sf /dev/cd0 /dev/dvd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14479 +#: book.translate.xml:14588 msgid "" "Due to the nature of devfs5, manually created " @@ -22749,20 +22970,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14484 +#: book.translate.xml:14593 #, no-wrap msgid "link cd0 dvd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14486 +#: book.translate.xml:14595 msgid "" "DVD decryption invokes certain functions that require " "write permission to the DVD device." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14490 +#: book.translate.xml:14599 msgid "" "To enhance the shared memory Xorg interface, it " "is recommended to increase the values of these " @@ -22771,7 +22992,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14495 +#: book.translate.xml:14604 #, no-wrap msgid "" "kern.ipc.shmmax=67108864\n" @@ -22779,27 +23000,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14499 +#: book.translate.xml:14608 msgid "Determining Video Capabilities" msgstr "偵測影像處理能力" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14501 +#: book.translate.xml:14610 msgid "XVideo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14502 +#: book.translate.xml:14611 msgid "SDL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14503 +#: book.translate.xml:14612 msgid "DGA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14505 +#: book.translate.xml:14614 msgid "" "There are several possible ways to display video under Xorg and what works is largely hardware dependent. Each method " @@ -22807,17 +23028,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14510 +#: book.translate.xml:14619 msgid "Common video interfaces include:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14514 +#: book.translate.xml:14623 msgid "Xorg: normal output using shared memory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14519 +#: book.translate.xml:14628 msgid "" "XVideo: an extension to the Xorg interface which " "allows video to be directly displayed in drawable objects through a special " @@ -22827,7 +23048,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14529 +#: book.translate.xml:14638 msgid "" "SDL: the Simple Directmedia Layer is a porting layer for " "many operating systems, allowing cross-platform applications to be developed " @@ -22839,7 +23060,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14541 +#: book.translate.xml:14650 msgid "" "DGA: the Direct Graphics Access is an Xorg extension which allows a program to bypass the " @@ -22853,34 +23074,34 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14556 +#: book.translate.xml:14665 msgid "SVGAlib: a low level console graphics layer." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:14561 +#: book.translate.xml:14670 msgid "XVideo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14563 +#: book.translate.xml:14672 msgid "" "To check whether this extension is running, use xvinfo:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14566 +#: book.translate.xml:14675 #, no-wrap msgid "% xvinfo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14568 +#: book.translate.xml:14677 msgid "XVideo is supported for the card if the result is similar to:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14571 +#: book.translate.xml:14680 #, no-wrap msgid "" "X-Video Extension version 2.2\n" @@ -22954,19 +23175,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14640 +#: book.translate.xml:14749 msgid "" "The formats listed, such as YUV2 and YUV12, are not present with every " "implementation of XVideo and their absence may hinder some players." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14644 +#: book.translate.xml:14753 msgid "If the result instead looks like:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14646 +#: book.translate.xml:14755 #, no-wrap msgid "" "X-Video Extension version 2.2\n" @@ -22975,7 +23196,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14650 +#: book.translate.xml:14759 msgid "" "XVideo is probably not supported for the card. This means that it will be " "more difficult for the display to meet the computational demands of " @@ -22983,36 +23204,36 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14658 +#: book.translate.xml:14767 msgid "Ports and Packages Dealing with Video" msgstr "可處理影像的 Port 與套件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14660 +#: book.translate.xml:14769 msgid "video ports" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14661 +#: book.translate.xml:14770 msgid "video packages" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14663 +#: book.translate.xml:14772 msgid "" "This section introduces some of the software available from the FreeBSD " "Ports Collection which can be used for video playback." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:14668 +#: book.translate.xml:14777 msgid "" "MPlayer and MEncoder" msgstr "" "MPlayer 與 MEncoder" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14671 +#: book.translate.xml:14780 msgid "" "MPlayer is a command-line video player with an " "optional graphical interface which aims to provide speed and flexibility. " @@ -23021,12 +23242,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14677 +#: book.translate.xml:14786 msgid "MPlayer" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14679 +#: book.translate.xml:14788 msgid "" "MPlayer can be installed using the " "multimedia/mplayer package or port. Several compile " @@ -23036,7 +23257,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14686 +#: book.translate.xml:14795 msgid "" "When compiling the port, the menu options should be reviewed to determine " "the type of support to compile into the port. If an option is not selected, " @@ -23047,7 +23268,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14695 +#: book.translate.xml:14804 msgid "" "By default, the package or port will build the mplayer " "command line utility and the gmplayer graphical utility. " @@ -23057,7 +23278,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14702 +#: book.translate.xml:14811 msgid "" "The first time MPlayer is run, it will create " "~/.mplayer in the user's home directory. This " @@ -23066,14 +23287,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14707 +#: book.translate.xml:14816 msgid "" "This section describes only a few common uses. Refer to mplayer(1) for a " "complete description of its numerous options." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14711 +#: book.translate.xml:14820 msgid "" "To play the file testfile.avi, specify the video interfaces with , as seen " @@ -23081,44 +23302,44 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14716 +#: book.translate.xml:14825 #, no-wrap msgid "% mplayer -vo xv testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14718 +#: book.translate.xml:14827 #, no-wrap msgid "% mplayer -vo sdl testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14720 +#: book.translate.xml:14829 #, no-wrap msgid "% mplayer -vo x11 testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14722 +#: book.translate.xml:14831 #, no-wrap msgid "# mplayer -vo dga testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14724 +#: book.translate.xml:14833 #, no-wrap msgid "# mplayer -vo 'sdl:dga' testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14726 +#: book.translate.xml:14835 msgid "" "It is worth trying all of these options, as their relative performance " "depends on many factors and will vary significantly with hardware." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14730 +#: book.translate.xml:14839 msgid "" "To play a DVD, replace testfile." "avi with , which " "engages fullscreen mode, and , which helps " @@ -23160,14 +23381,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14760 +#: book.translate.xml:14869 msgid "" "Each user can add commonly used options to their ~/.mplayer/" "config like so:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14763 +#: book.translate.xml:14872 #, no-wrap msgid "" "vo=xv\n" @@ -23176,7 +23397,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14767 +#: book.translate.xml:14876 msgid "" "mplayer can be used to rip a DVD title " "to a .vob. To dump the second title from a " @@ -23184,20 +23405,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14772 +#: book.translate.xml:14881 #, no-wrap msgid "# mplayer -dumpstream -dumpfile out.vob dvd://2 -dvd-device /dev/dvd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14774 +#: book.translate.xml:14883 msgid "" "The output file, out.vob, will be in MPEG format." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14777 +#: book.translate.xml:14886 msgid "" "Anyone wishing to obtain a high level of expertise with UNIX video should consult mencoder" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14787 +#: book.translate.xml:14896 msgid "" "Before using mencoder, it is a good idea to become " "familiar with the options described at % mencoder input.avi -oac copy -ovc copy -o output.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14800 +#: book.translate.xml:14909 msgid "" "To rip to a file, use with mplayer." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14803 +#: book.translate.xml:14912 msgid "" "To convert input.avi to the " "MPEG4 codec with MPEG3 audio encoding, first install the audio/" @@ -23252,7 +23473,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14810 +#: book.translate.xml:14919 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% mencoder input.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts br=192 \\\n" @@ -23260,14 +23481,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14813 +#: book.translate.xml:14922 msgid "" "This will produce output playable by applications such as mplayer and xine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14817 +#: book.translate.xml:14926 msgid "" "input.avi can be replaced " "with and run as xine Video Player" msgstr "xine 影像播放器" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14830 +#: book.translate.xml:14939 msgid "" "xine is a video player with a reusable base " "library and a modular executable which can be extended with plugins. It can " @@ -23290,7 +23511,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14835 +#: book.translate.xml:14944 msgid "" "In practice, xine requires either a fast CPU with " "a fast video card, or support for the XVideo extension. The " @@ -23299,39 +23520,39 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14840 +#: book.translate.xml:14949 msgid "" "By default, the xine player starts a graphical " "user interface. The menus can then be used to open a specific file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14844 +#: book.translate.xml:14953 msgid "" "Alternatively, xine may be invoked from the " "command line by specifying the name of the file to play:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14848 +#: book.translate.xml:14957 #, no-wrap msgid "% xine -g -p mymovie.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14850 +#: book.translate.xml:14959 msgid "" "Refer to xine-project." "org/faq for more information and troubleshooting tips." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:14856 +#: book.translate.xml:14965 msgid "The Transcode Utilities" msgstr "Transcode 工具" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14859 +#: book.translate.xml:14968 msgid "" "Transcode provides a suite of tools for re-" "encoding video and audio files. Transcode can be " @@ -23340,7 +23561,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14865 +#: book.translate.xml:14974 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, Transcode can be installed using the " "multimedia/transcode package or port. Many users prefer " @@ -23353,14 +23574,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14876 +#: book.translate.xml:14985 msgid "" "This example demonstrates how to convert a DivX file into a PAL MPEG-1 file " "(PAL VCD):" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14879 +#: book.translate.xml:14988 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% transcode -i input.avi -V --export_prof vcd-pal -o output_vcd\n" @@ -23368,7 +23589,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14882 +#: book.translate.xml:14991 msgid "" "The resulting MPEG file, " "output_vcd.mpg, is ready to " @@ -23379,7 +23600,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14891 +#: book.translate.xml:15000 msgid "" "In addition to the manual page for transcode, refer to " " Josef El-Rayes Original contribution by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:14913 +#: book.translate.xml:15022 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille Enhanced and adapted by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14923 +#: book.translate.xml:15032 msgid "TV cards" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14927 +#: book.translate.xml:15036 msgid "" "TV cards can be used to watch broadcast or cable TV on a computer. Most " "cards accept composite video via an RCA or S-video input " @@ -23423,7 +23644,7 @@ "FM 廣播的功能。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14932 +#: book.translate.xml:15041 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides support for PCI-based TV cards using a Brooktree " "Bt848/849/878/879 video capture chip with the " @@ -23441,12 +23662,12 @@ "manvolnum> 說明，以查看所支援的硬體清單。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14939 +#: book.translate.xml:15048 msgid "Loading the Driver" msgstr "載入驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14941 +#: book.translate.xml:15050 msgid "" "In order to use the card, the bktr4 driver must be loaded. " @@ -23458,13 +23679,13 @@ "在 /boot/loader.conf 檔加上下面這一行就可以了：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14945 +#: book.translate.xml:15054 #, no-wrap msgid "bktr_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14947 +#: book.translate.xml:15056 msgid "" "Alternatively, one can statically compile support for the TV card into a " "custom kernel. In that case, add the following lines to the custom kernel " @@ -23474,7 +23695,7 @@ "加入以下行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14952 +#: book.translate.xml:15061 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device\t bktr\n" @@ -23484,7 +23705,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14957 +#: book.translate.xml:15066 msgid "" "These additional devices are necessary as the card components are " "interconnected via an I2C bus. Then, build and install a new kernel." @@ -23493,7 +23714,7 @@ "連接的。接下來，請編譯、安裝新的核心 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14961 +#: book.translate.xml:15070 msgid "" "To test that the tuner is correctly detected, reboot the system. The TV card " "should appear in the boot messages, as seen in this example:" @@ -23502,7 +23723,7 @@ "機訊息檔中，如同此範例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14965 +#: book.translate.xml:15074 #, no-wrap msgid "" "bktr0: <BrookTree 848A> mem 0xd7000000-0xd7000fff irq 10 at device 10.0 on pci0\n" @@ -23514,7 +23735,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14972 +#: book.translate.xml:15081 msgid "" "The messages will differ according to the hardware. If necessary, it is " "possible to override some of the detected parameters using " @@ -23529,13 +23750,13 @@ "SECAM 調諧器則可加入下列行至自訂核心設定檔：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14979 +#: book.translate.xml:15088 #, no-wrap msgid "options OVERRIDE_TUNER=6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14981 +#: book.translate.xml:15090 msgid "" "or, use sysctl8:" @@ -23544,13 +23765,13 @@ "manvolnum>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14983 +#: book.translate.xml:15092 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl hw.bt848.tuner=6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14985 +#: book.translate.xml:15094 msgid "" "Refer to bktr4 for a description of the available " @@ -23563,43 +23784,43 @@ "項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14990 +#: book.translate.xml:15099 msgid "Useful Applications" msgstr "好用的應用程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14992 +#: book.translate.xml:15101 msgid "To use the TV card, install one of the following applications:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14997 +#: book.translate.xml:15106 msgid "" "multimedia/fxtv provides TV-in-a-window and image/audio/" "video capture capabilities." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15002 +#: book.translate.xml:15111 msgid "" "multimedia/xawtv is another TV application with similar " "features." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15006 +#: book.translate.xml:15115 msgid "" "audio/xmradio provides an application for using the FM " "radio tuner of a TV card." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15012 +#: book.translate.xml:15121 msgid "More applications are available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15019 +#: book.translate.xml:15128 msgid "" "If any problems are encountered with the TV card, check that the video " "capture chip and the tuner are supported by " @@ -23611,12 +23832,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:15028 +#: book.translate.xml:15137 msgid "MythTV" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15030 +#: book.translate.xml:15139 msgid "" "MythTV is a popular, open source Personal Video Recorder (PVR) application. This section demonstrates how to install and setup " @@ -23625,14 +23846,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15035 +#: book.translate.xml:15144 msgid "" "MythTV requires a frontend and a backend. These components can either be " "installed on the same system or on different machines." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15039 +#: book.translate.xml:15148 msgid "" "The frontend can be installed on FreeBSD using the multimedia/" "mythtv-frontend package or port. Xorg " @@ -23643,7 +23864,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15048 +#: book.translate.xml:15157 msgid "" "To install both the backend and the frontend on FreeBSD, use the " "multimedia/mythtv package or port. A MySQLV4L) to access video input " "devices such as encoders and tuners. In FreeBSD, MythTV works best with " @@ -23677,7 +23898,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15076 +#: book.translate.xml:15185 msgid "" "The wiki.freebsd.org/" "HTPC page contains a list of all available DVB " @@ -23685,28 +23906,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15082 +#: book.translate.xml:15191 msgid "Setting up the MythTV Backend" msgstr "設定 MythTV 後端" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15084 +#: book.translate.xml:15193 msgid "To install MythTV using binary packages:" msgstr "要使用 Binary 套件安裝 MythTV 可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15086 +#: book.translate.xml:15195 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install mythtv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15088 +#: book.translate.xml:15197 msgid "Alternatively, to install from the Ports Collection:" msgstr "或從 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15090 +#: book.translate.xml:15199 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mythtv\n" @@ -23714,34 +23935,34 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15093 +#: book.translate.xml:15202 msgid "Once installed, set up the MythTV database:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15095 +#: book.translate.xml:15204 #, no-wrap msgid "# mysql -uroot -p < /usr/local/share/mythtv/database/mc.sql" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15097 +#: book.translate.xml:15206 msgid "Then, configure the backend:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15099 +#: book.translate.xml:15208 #, no-wrap msgid "# mythtv-setup" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15101 +#: book.translate.xml:15210 msgid "Finally, start the backend:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15103 +#: book.translate.xml:15212 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysrc mythbackend_enable=yes\n" @@ -23749,24 +23970,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:15110 +#: book.translate.xml:15219 msgid "Image Scanners" msgstr "影像掃描器" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:15113 +#: book.translate.xml:15222 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15123 +#: book.translate.xml:15232 msgid "image scanners" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15127 +#: book.translate.xml:15236 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, access to image scanners is provided by SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy), which is available in the FreeBSD " @@ -23775,7 +23996,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15133 +#: book.translate.xml:15242 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports both SCSI and USB " "scanners. Depending upon the scanner interface, different device drivers are " @@ -23787,7 +24008,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15141 +#: book.translate.xml:15250 msgid "" "This chapter describes how to determine if the scanner has been detected by " "FreeBSD. It then provides an overview of how to configure and use " @@ -23795,12 +24016,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15147 +#: book.translate.xml:15256 msgid "Checking the Scanner" msgstr "檢查掃描器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15149 +#: book.translate.xml:15258 msgid "" "The GENERIC kernel includes the device drivers needed " "to support USB scanners. Users with a custom kernel " @@ -23809,7 +24030,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15155 +#: book.translate.xml:15264 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device usb\n" @@ -23819,7 +24040,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15160 +#: book.translate.xml:15269 msgid "" "To determine if the USB scanner is detected, plug it in " "and use dmesg to determine whether the scanner appears in " @@ -23828,13 +24049,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15166 +#: book.translate.xml:15275 #, no-wrap msgid "ugen0.2: <EPSON> at usbus0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15168 +#: book.translate.xml:15277 msgid "" "In this example, an EPSON Perfection 1650 USB scanner was detected on /" @@ -23842,7 +24063,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15173 +#: book.translate.xml:15282 msgid "" "If the scanner uses a SCSI interface, it is important to " "know which SCSI controller board it will use. Depending " @@ -23856,7 +24077,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15185 +#: book.translate.xml:15294 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device scbus\n" @@ -23864,12 +24085,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15188 +#: book.translate.xml:15297 msgid "Verify that the device is displayed in the system message buffer:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15191 +#: book.translate.xml:15300 #, no-wrap msgid "" "pass2 at aic0 bus 0 target 2 lun 0\n" @@ -23878,7 +24099,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15195 +#: book.translate.xml:15304 msgid "" "If the scanner was not powered-on at system boot, it is still possible to " "manually force detection by performing a SCSI bus scan " @@ -23886,7 +24107,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15200 +#: book.translate.xml:15309 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# camcontrol rescan all\n" @@ -23897,13 +24118,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15206 +#: book.translate.xml:15315 msgid "" "The scanner should now appear in the SCSI devices list:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15209 +#: book.translate.xml:15318 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# camcontrol devlist\n" @@ -23914,7 +24135,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15215 +#: book.translate.xml:15324 msgid "" "Refer to scsi4 and camcontrolSANE Configuration" msgstr "SANE 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15222 +#: book.translate.xml:15331 msgid "" "The SANE system is split in two parts: the " "backends (graphics/sane-backends) and the frontends " @@ -23943,23 +24164,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15235 +#: book.translate.xml:15344 msgid "To install the two parts from binary packages:" msgstr "要由 Binary 套件安裝這兩個部份可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15237 +#: book.translate.xml:15346 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install xsane sane-frontends" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15239 +#: book.translate.xml:15348 msgid "Alternatively, to install from the Ports Collection" -msgstr "或由 Port 套件集安裝：" +msgstr "或由 Port 套件集安裝" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15241 +#: book.translate.xml:15350 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/sane-frontends\n" @@ -23969,7 +24190,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15246 +#: book.translate.xml:15355 msgid "" "After installing the graphics/sane-backends port or " "package, use sane-find-scanner to check the scanner " @@ -23977,7 +24198,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15252 +#: book.translate.xml:15361 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sane-find-scanner -q\n" @@ -23985,7 +24206,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15255 +#: book.translate.xml:15364 msgid "" "The output should show the interface type of the scanner and the device node " "used to attach the scanner to the system. The vendor and the product model " @@ -23993,14 +24214,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:15260 +#: book.translate.xml:15369 msgid "" "Some USB scanners require firmware to be loaded. Refer to " "sane-find-scanner(1) and sane(7) for details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15265 +#: book.translate.xml:15374 msgid "" "Next, check if the scanner will be identified by a scanning frontend. The " "SANE backends include scanimage# scanimage -L\n" @@ -24021,7 +24242,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15278 +#: book.translate.xml:15387 msgid "" "In this second example, 'epson2:libusb:/dev/usb:/dev/ugen0.2' is the backend name (epson2) and /dev/" @@ -24029,14 +24250,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15284 +#: book.translate.xml:15393 msgid "" "If scanimage is unable to identify the scanner, this " "message will appear:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15287 +#: book.translate.xml:15396 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# scanimage -L\n" @@ -24048,7 +24269,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15294 +#: book.translate.xml:15403 msgid "" "If this happens, edit the backend configuration file in /usr/local/" "etc/sane.d/ and define the scanner device used. For example, if " @@ -24060,20 +24281,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15304 +#: book.translate.xml:15413 #, no-wrap msgid "usb /dev/ugen0.2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15306 +#: book.translate.xml:15415 msgid "" "Save the edits and verify that the scanner is identified with the right " "backend name and the device node:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15309 +#: book.translate.xml:15418 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# scanimage -L\n" @@ -24081,14 +24302,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15312 +#: book.translate.xml:15421 msgid "" "Once scanimage -L sees the scanner, the configuration is " "complete and the scanner is now ready to use." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15316 +#: book.translate.xml:15425 msgid "" "While scanimage can be used to perform an image " "acquisition from the command line, it is often preferable to use a graphical " @@ -24098,7 +24319,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15323 +#: book.translate.xml:15432 msgid "" "Alternately, xsane, which is installed with the " "graphics/xsane package or port, is another popular " @@ -24108,12 +24329,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15332 +#: book.translate.xml:15441 msgid "Scanner Permissions" msgstr "掃描器權限" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15334 +#: book.translate.xml:15443 msgid "" "In order to have access to the scanner, a user needs read and write " "permissions to the device node used by the scanner. In the previous example, " @@ -24129,20 +24350,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15347 +#: book.translate.xml:15456 msgid "" "This example creates a group called usb:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15349 +#: book.translate.xml:15458 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupadd usb" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15351 +#: book.translate.xml:15460 msgid "" "Then, make the /dev/ugen0.2 symlink and the /" "dev/usb/0.2.0 device node accessible to the usb in order to allow access to the scanner:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15365 +#: book.translate.xml:15474 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod usb -m joe" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15367 +#: book.translate.xml:15476 msgid "" "For more details refer to pw8." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:15397 +#: book.translate.xml:15506 msgid "Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel" msgstr "設定 FreeBSD 核心" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15402 +#: book.translate.xml:15511 msgid "" "kernel building a custom kernel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15407 +#: book.translate.xml:15516 msgid "" "The kernel is the core of the FreeBSD operating system. It is responsible " "for managing memory, enforcing security controls, networking, disk access, " @@ -24204,38 +24425,38 @@ "定並編譯自訂的核心。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15417 +#: book.translate.xml:15526 msgid "When to build a custom kernel." msgstr "何時需要編譯自訂核心。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15421 +#: book.translate.xml:15530 msgid "How to take a hardware inventory." msgstr "如何取得硬體資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15425 +#: book.translate.xml:15534 msgid "How to customize a kernel configuration file." msgstr "如何量身訂做核心設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15429 +#: book.translate.xml:15538 msgid "" "How to use the kernel configuration file to create and build a new kernel." msgstr "如何使用核心設定檔來建立並編譯新的核心。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15434 +#: book.translate.xml:15543 msgid "How to install the new kernel." msgstr "如何安裝新的核心。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15438 +#: book.translate.xml:15547 msgid "How to troubleshoot if things go wrong." msgstr "發生錯誤時如何排除問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15442 +#: book.translate.xml:15551 msgid "" "All of the commands listed in the examples in this chapter should be " "executed as root." @@ -24244,12 +24465,12 @@ "systemitem> 來執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:15447 +#: book.translate.xml:15556 msgid "Why Build a Custom Kernel?" msgstr "為何要編譯自訂的核心?" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15449 +#: book.translate.xml:15558 msgid "" "Traditionally, FreeBSD used a monolithic kernel. The kernel was one large " "program, supported a fixed list of devices, and in order to change the " @@ -24260,7 +24481,7 @@ "重新開機，才能使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15454 +#: book.translate.xml:15563 msgid "" "Today, most of the functionality in the FreeBSD kernel is contained in " "modules which can be dynamically loaded and unloaded from the kernel as " @@ -24273,7 +24494,7 @@ "功能，這就是所謂模組化核心 (Modular Kernel)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15461 +#: book.translate.xml:15570 msgid "" "Occasionally, it is still necessary to perform static kernel configuration. " "Sometimes the needed functionality is so tied to the kernel that it can not " @@ -24286,7 +24507,7 @@ "載核心模組，且只要將需要的功能靜態的編譯到核心當中。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15468 +#: book.translate.xml:15577 msgid "" "Building a custom kernel is often a rite of passage for advanced BSD users. " "This process, while time consuming, can provide benefits to the FreeBSD " @@ -24297,10 +24518,10 @@ "編譯自訂的核心幾乎是每位進階的 BSD 使用者所必須經歷的過程。儘管這項工作可能比" "較耗時，但在 FreeBSD 的使用上會有許多好處。 跟必須支援大多數各式硬體的 " "GENERIC 核心相比的話， 自訂的核心可以更『體貼』，只支援" -"『自己硬體』的部分就好。 自訂核心有許多項優點，如︰" +"『自己硬體』的部分就好。 自訂核心有許多項優點，如：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15478 +#: book.translate.xml:15587 msgid "" "Faster boot time. Since the kernel will only probe the hardware on the " "system, the time it takes the system to boot can decrease." @@ -24309,7 +24530,7 @@ "流暢快速。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15484 +#: book.translate.xml:15593 msgid "" "Lower memory usage. A custom kernel often uses less memory than the " "GENERIC kernel by omitting unused features and device " @@ -24323,7 +24544,7 @@ "使用。因此，自訂核心對於記憶體較小的系統來說，發揮很大的作用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15495 +#: book.translate.xml:15604 msgid "" "Additional hardware support. A custom kernel can add support for devices " "which are not present in the GENERIC kernel." @@ -24332,7 +24553,7 @@ "提供的硬體支援。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15501 +#: book.translate.xml:15610 msgid "" "Before building a custom kernel, consider the reason for doing so. If there " "is a need for specific hardware support, it may already exist as a module." @@ -24341,7 +24562,7 @@ "已有既有的模組可以使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15505 +#: book.translate.xml:15614 msgid "" "Kernel modules exist in /boot/kernel and may be " "dynamically loaded into the running kernel using " @@ -24359,7 +24580,7 @@ "其操作手冊有以下資訊：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15511 +#: book.translate.xml:15620 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place the\n" @@ -24369,7 +24590,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15516 +#: book.translate.xml:15625 msgid "" "Adding if_ath_load=\"YES\" to /boot/loader." "conf will load this module dynamically at boot time." @@ -24378,7 +24599,7 @@ "filename> 會於開機期間自動載入這個模組。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15520 +#: book.translate.xml:15629 msgid "" "In some cases, there is no associated module in /boot/kernel. This is mostly true for certain subsystems." @@ -24387,12 +24608,12 @@ "統大多是真的。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:15537 +#: book.translate.xml:15646 msgid "Finding the System Hardware" msgstr "偵測系統硬體" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15539 +#: book.translate.xml:15648 msgid "" "Before editing the kernel configuration file, it is recommended to perform " "an inventory of the machine's hardware. On a dual-boot system, the inventory " @@ -24406,7 +24627,7 @@ "application> (Device Manager) 內會有目前已安裝的硬體資訊。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:15547 +#: book.translate.xml:15656 msgid "" "Some versions of Microsoft Windows have a " @@ -24418,7 +24639,7 @@ "(System) 圖示可用來進入 裝置管理員。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15552 +#: book.translate.xml:15661 msgid "" "If FreeBSD is the only installed operating system, use " "dmesg8 驅動程式偵測到了一隻滑鼠：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15559 +#: book.translate.xml:15668 #, no-wrap msgid "" "psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0\n" @@ -24446,14 +24667,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15564 +#: book.translate.xml:15673 msgid "" "Since this hardware exists, this driver should not be removed from a custom " "kernel configuration file." msgstr "因為該硬體存在，此驅動程式便不應該從自訂核心設定檔中移除。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15567 +#: book.translate.xml:15676 msgid "" "If the output of dmesg does not display the results of " "the boot probe output, instead read the contents of /var/run/dmesg." @@ -24463,7 +24684,7 @@ "/var/run/dmesg.boot 檔案的內容。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15571 +#: book.translate.xml:15680 msgid "" "Another tool for finding hardware is pciconf8, which provides more " @@ -24474,7 +24695,7 @@ "訊，該工具會列出更詳細的硬體資訊如：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15574 +#: book.translate.xml:15683 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% pciconf -lv\n" @@ -24486,7 +24707,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15581 +#: book.translate.xml:15690 msgid "" "This output shows that the ath driver located a " "wireless Ethernet device." @@ -24495,7 +24716,7 @@ "置。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15584 +#: book.translate.xml:15693 msgid "" "The flag of man1 can be used to provide " @@ -24507,7 +24728,7 @@ "出有包含指定裝置品牌或名稱的手冊頁面清單：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15589 +#: book.translate.xml:15698 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# man -k Atheros\n" @@ -24516,7 +24737,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15593 +#: book.translate.xml:15702 msgid "" "Once the hardware inventory list is created, refer to it to ensure that " "drivers for installed hardware are not removed as the custom kernel " @@ -24527,12 +24748,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15610 book.translate.xml:44424 +#: book.translate.xml:15719 book.translate.xml:44667 msgid "The Configuration File" msgstr "設定檔" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15612 +#: book.translate.xml:15721 msgid "" "In order to create a custom kernel configuration file and build a custom " "kernel, the full FreeBSD source tree must first be installed." @@ -24540,7 +24761,7 @@ "為了要建立自訂核心設定檔並編譯自訂核心，必須先安裝完整的 FreeBSD 原始碼樹。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15616 +#: book.translate.xml:15725 msgid "" "If /usr/src/ does not exist or it is empty, source has " "not been installed. Source can be installed using Subversion 中的操作說明來安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15621 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:15730 msgid "" "Once source is installed, review the contents of /usr/src/sys. This directory contains a number of subdirectories, including " @@ -24565,17 +24785,16 @@ "filename> subdirectory which contains the GENERIC " "kernel configuration file for that architecture." msgstr "" -"完成原始碼完成後，需檢查 /usr/src/sys 內的檔案。該目錄內" -"包含數個子目錄，這些子目錄中包了支援的硬體架構 (Architecture) 如下：" +"完成原始碼安裝完成後，需檢查 /usr/src/sys 內的檔案。該目" +"錄內包含數個子目錄，這些子目錄代表著支援的硬體架構 (Architecture) 如下：" "amd64, i386, ia64, pc98, powerpc 以及 " -"sparc64。在指定架構目錄中的內容只對該架構有效，其餘部份" -"的程式碼與硬體架構無關，可通用所有平台。每個支援的硬體架構中會有 " -"conf 子目錄，裡面含有供該架構使用的 GENERIC 核心設定檔。" +"filename>, powerpc 以及 sparc64。在" +"指定架構目錄中的內容只對該架構有效，其餘部份的程式碼與硬體架構無關，可通用所" +"有平台。每個支援的硬體架構中會有 conf 子目錄，裡面含有供" +"該架構使用的 GENERIC 核心設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15635 +#: book.translate.xml:15744 msgid "" "Do not make edits to GENERIC. Instead, copy the file to " "a different name and make edits to the copy. The convention is to use a name " @@ -24592,7 +24811,7 @@ "filename> 設定檔建立了一個複本名稱為 MYKERNEL：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15644 +#: book.translate.xml:15753 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf\n" @@ -24600,7 +24819,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15647 +#: book.translate.xml:15756 msgid "" "MYKERNEL can now be " "customized with any ASCII text editor. The default editor " @@ -24613,22 +24832,22 @@ "做 ee。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15654 +#: book.translate.xml:15763 msgid "kernel NOTES" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15658 +#: book.translate.xml:15767 msgid "NOTES" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15659 +#: book.translate.xml:15768 msgid "kernel configuration file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15664 +#: book.translate.xml:15773 msgid "" "The format of the kernel configuration file is simple. Each line contains a " "keyword that represents a device or subsystem, an argument, and a brief " @@ -24645,7 +24864,7 @@ "除 # 符號。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:15675 +#: book.translate.xml:15784 msgid "" "It is easy to remove support for a device or option and end up with a broken " "kernel. For example, if the ataNOTES, which can be found " @@ -24673,7 +24892,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:15690 +#: book.translate.xml:15799 msgid "" "When finished customizing the kernel configuration file, save a backup copy " "to a location outside of /usr/src." @@ -24681,7 +24900,7 @@ "當完成自訂的核心設定檔，請備份到 /usr/src 位置之外。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:15694 +#: book.translate.xml:15803 msgid "" "Alternately, keep the kernel configuration file elsewhere and create a " "symbolic link to the file:" @@ -24690,7 +24909,7 @@ "案：" #. (itstool) path: tip/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15697 +#: book.translate.xml:15806 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf\n" @@ -24700,7 +24919,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15703 +#: book.translate.xml:15812 msgid "" "An include directive is available for use in " "configuration files. This allows another configuration file to be included " @@ -24715,7 +24934,7 @@ "並設定額外增加的選項，如範例所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15711 +#: book.translate.xml:15820 #, no-wrap msgid "" "include GENERIC\n" @@ -24728,7 +24947,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15719 +#: book.translate.xml:15828 msgid "" "Using this method, the local configuration file expresses local differences " "from a GENERIC kernel. As upgrades are performed, new " @@ -24746,7 +24965,7 @@ "refentrytitle>5 找到。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:15729 +#: book.translate.xml:15838 msgid "" "To build a file which contains all available options, run the following " "command as root:" @@ -24755,59 +24974,59 @@ "systemitem> 執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15732 +#: book.translate.xml:15841 #, no-wrap msgid "# cd /usr/src/sys/arch/conf && make LINT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:16548 +#: book.translate.xml:16657 msgid "Building and Installing a Custom Kernel" msgstr "編譯與安裝自訂核心" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16550 +#: book.translate.xml:16659 msgid "" "Once the edits to the custom configuration file have been saved, the source " "code for the kernel can be compiled using the following steps:" msgstr "完成自訂設定檔的編輯並儲存之後，便可依據以下步驟編譯核心的原始碼：" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:16555 +#: book.translate.xml:16664 msgid "Building a Kernel" msgstr "編譯核心" #. (itstool) path: procedure/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:16557 +#: book.translate.xml:16666 msgid "kernel building / installing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16563 +#: book.translate.xml:16672 msgid "Change to this directory:" msgstr "切換至此目錄：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16565 +#: book.translate.xml:16674 #, no-wrap msgid "# cd /usr/src" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16569 +#: book.translate.xml:16678 msgid "" "Compile the new kernel by specifying the name of the custom kernel " "configuration file:" msgstr "指定自訂核心設定檔的名稱來編譯新的核心：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16572 +#: book.translate.xml:16681 #, no-wrap msgid "# make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16576 +#: book.translate.xml:16685 msgid "" "Install the new kernel associated with the specified kernel configuration " "file. This command will copy the new kernel to /boot/kernel/" @@ -24819,13 +25038,13 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16582 +#: book.translate.xml:16691 #, no-wrap msgid "# make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16586 +#: book.translate.xml:16695 msgid "" "Shutdown the system and reboot into the new kernel. If something goes wrong, " "refer to ." @@ -24834,7 +25053,7 @@ "noboot\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16591 +#: book.translate.xml:16700 msgid "" "By default, when a custom kernel is compiled, all kernel modules are " "rebuilt. To update a kernel faster or to build only custom modules, edit " @@ -24844,33 +25063,33 @@ "自訂的模組，需在開始編譯之前先編輯 /etc/make.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16596 +#: book.translate.xml:16705 msgid "" "For example, this variable specifies the list of modules to build instead of " "using the default of building all modules:" msgstr "例如，使用以下變數可指定要編譯的模組清單來替代預設編譯所有模組的設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16600 +#: book.translate.xml:16709 #, no-wrap msgid "MODULES_OVERRIDE = linux acpi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16602 +#: book.translate.xml:16711 msgid "" "Alternately, this variable lists which modules to exclude from the build " "process:" msgstr "或者，可使用以下變數來從編譯程序中排除要編譯的模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16605 +#: book.translate.xml:16714 #, no-wrap msgid "WITHOUT_MODULES = linux acpi sound" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16607 +#: book.translate.xml:16716 msgid "" "Additional variables are available. Refer to " "make.conf55 取得詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:16610 +#: book.translate.xml:16719 msgid "/boot/kernel.old" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:16616 +#: book.translate.xml:16725 msgid "If Something Goes Wrong" msgstr "如果發生錯誤" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16618 +#: book.translate.xml:16727 msgid "" "There are four categories of trouble that can occur when building a custom " "kernel:" msgstr "當編譯自訂核心時可能發生以下四種類型的問題：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16623 +#: book.translate.xml:16732 msgid "config fails" msgstr "config 失敗" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16626 +#: book.translate.xml:16735 msgid "" "If config fails, it will print the line number that is " "incorrect. As an example, for the following message, make sure that line 17 " @@ -24914,18 +25133,18 @@ "17 行輸入的內容正確：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16632 +#: book.translate.xml:16741 #, no-wrap msgid "config: line 17: syntax error" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16637 +#: book.translate.xml:16746 msgid "make fails" msgstr "make 失敗" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16640 +#: book.translate.xml:16749 msgid "" "If make fails, it is usually due to an error in the " "kernel configuration file which is not severe enough for config 或替換為任何其他已經知道可以正常開機的核心名稱。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16665 +#: book.translate.xml:16774 msgid "" "After booting with a good kernel, check over the configuration file and try " "to build it again. One helpful resource is /var/log/messages 也會印出自本次開機後的核心訊息。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:16673 +#: book.translate.xml:16782 msgid "" "When troubleshooting a kernel, make sure to keep a copy of " "GENERIC, or some other kernel that is known to work, as " @@ -24992,10 +25211,10 @@ "知可以運作的核心，並使用不同的名稱來確保下次編譯時不會被刪除，這很重要，因此" "每當新的核心被安裝之後，kernel.old 都會被最後安裝的核心" "覆寫，有可能會無法開機。盡快，透過重新命名將可運作的核心目錄移動到目前運作的" -"核心目錄。" +"核心目錄：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16683 +#: book.translate.xml:16792 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mv /boot/kernel /boot/kernel.bad\n" @@ -25003,7 +25222,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16690 +#: book.translate.xml:16799 msgid "" "The kernel works, but ps1 does not" @@ -25012,7 +25231,7 @@ "manvolnum> 無法運作" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16693 +#: book.translate.xml:16802 msgid "" "If the kernel version differs from the one that the system utilities have " "been built with, for example, a kernel built from -CURRENT sources is " @@ -25035,19 +25254,19 @@ "是個好主意。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:16718 +#: book.translate.xml:16827 msgid "Printing" msgstr "列印" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:16721 book.translate.xml:28562 +#: book.translate.xml:16830 book.translate.xml:28675 msgid "" " Warren Block Originally contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/para -#: book.translate.xml:16730 +#: book.translate.xml:16839 msgid "" "Putting information on paper is a vital function, despite many attempts to " "eliminate it. Printing has two basic components. The data must be delivered " @@ -25057,7 +25276,7 @@ "本元件組成，包含了資料傳送到印表機的方式以及印表機可以理解的資料形式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16738 +#: book.translate.xml:16847 msgid "" "Basic printing can be set up quickly. The printer must be capable of " "printing plain ASCII text. For printing to other types of " @@ -25068,13 +25287,13 @@ "filters\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16745 +#: book.translate.xml:16854 msgid "Create a directory to store files while they are being printed:" msgstr "建立一個目錄來儲存要被列印的檔案：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16748 book.translate.xml:17157 +#: book.translate.xml:16857 book.translate.xml:17266 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir -p /var/spool/lpd/lp\n" @@ -25083,7 +25302,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16754 +#: book.translate.xml:16863 msgid "" "As root, create /etc/" "printcap with these contents:" @@ -25092,7 +25311,7 @@ "printcap 內容如下：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16758 +#: book.translate.xml:16867 #, no-wrap msgid "" "lp:\\\n" @@ -25104,37 +25323,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:16767 +#: book.translate.xml:16876 msgid "This line is for a printer connected to a USB port." -msgstr "此行是針對連接到 USB 埠的印表機：" +msgstr "此行是針對連接到 USB 埠的印表機。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:16770 +#: book.translate.xml:16879 msgid "" "For a printer connected to a parallel or printer port, use:" msgstr "連接到並列或 印表器 (Printer) 埠的印表機要使用：" #. (itstool) path: callout/programlisting #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16773 book.translate.xml:17214 +#: book.translate.xml:16882 book.translate.xml:17323 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=/dev/lpt0:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:16775 +#: book.translate.xml:16884 msgid "For a printer connected directly to a network, use:" msgstr "直接連接到網路的印表機要使用：" #. (itstool) path: callout/programlisting #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16778 book.translate.xml:17223 +#: book.translate.xml:16887 book.translate.xml:17332 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=:rm=network-printer-name:rp=raw:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:16780 +#: book.translate.xml:16889 msgid "" "Replace network-printer-name with the " "DNS host name of the network printer." @@ -25143,7 +25362,7 @@ "DNS 主機名稱。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16789 +#: book.translate.xml:16898 msgid "" "Enable lpd by editing /etc/rc.conf, " "adding this line:" @@ -25153,19 +25372,19 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16792 book.translate.xml:17280 +#: book.translate.xml:16901 book.translate.xml:17389 #, no-wrap msgid "lpd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:16794 book.translate.xml:17282 +#: book.translate.xml:16903 book.translate.xml:17391 msgid "Start the service:" msgstr "啟動服務：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16796 +#: book.translate.xml:16905 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service lpd start\n" @@ -25173,18 +25392,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16801 +#: book.translate.xml:16910 msgid "Print a test:" msgstr "測試列印：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16803 +#: book.translate.xml:16912 #, no-wrap msgid "# printf \"1. This printer can print.\\n2. This is the second line.\\n\" | lpr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:16806 +#: book.translate.xml:16915 msgid "" "If both lines do not start at the left border, but stairstep " "instead, see ." @@ -25193,7 +25412,7 @@ "考 。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16811 +#: book.translate.xml:16920 msgid "" "Text files can now be printed with lpr. Give the filename " "on the command line, or pipe output directly into lpr." @@ -25202,7 +25421,7 @@ "或者將輸出使用管線符號 (Pipe) 傳送給 lpr。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16816 +#: book.translate.xml:16925 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% lpr textfile.txt\n" @@ -25210,12 +25429,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:16823 +#: book.translate.xml:16932 msgid "Printer Connections" msgstr "印表機連線" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16825 +#: book.translate.xml:16934 msgid "" "Printers are connected to computer systems in a variety of ways. Small " "desktop printers are usually connected directly to a computer's " @@ -25230,18 +25449,18 @@ "電腦共享使用，還有少部分印表機則是連接到較罕見的序列 (Serial) 埠。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16833 +#: book.translate.xml:16942 msgid "FreeBSD can communicate with all of these types of printers." msgstr "FreeBSD 可以與這些類型的印表機溝通。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:16838 book.translate.xml:17200 +#: book.translate.xml:16947 book.translate.xml:17309 msgid "USB" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16841 +#: book.translate.xml:16950 msgid "" "USB printers can be connected to any available " "USB port on the computer." @@ -25250,7 +25469,7 @@ "acronym> 埠。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16845 +#: book.translate.xml:16954 msgid "" "When FreeBSD detects a USB printer, two device entries " "are created: /dev/ulpt0 and /dev/unlpt0unlpt0 不會重設 USB 埠。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16860 +#: book.translate.xml:16969 msgid "Parallel (IEEE-1284)" msgstr "並列 (IEEE-1284)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16863 +#: book.translate.xml:16972 msgid "" "The parallel port device is /dev/lpt0. This device " "appears whether a printer is attached or not, it is not autodetected." @@ -25282,7 +25501,7 @@ "存在，它並不會自動偵測。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16868 +#: book.translate.xml:16977 msgid "" "Vendors have largely moved away from these legacy ports, and " "many computers no longer have them. Adapters can be used to connect a " @@ -25298,12 +25517,12 @@ "網路。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16880 +#: book.translate.xml:16989 msgid "Serial (RS-232)" msgstr "序列 (RS-232)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16883 +#: book.translate.xml:16992 msgid "" "Serial ports are another legacy port, rarely used for printers except in " "certain niche applications. Cables, connectors, and required wiring vary " @@ -25313,7 +25532,7 @@ "接頭與需要的佈線方式依需求變化性很大。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16887 +#: book.translate.xml:16996 msgid "" "For serial ports built into a motherboard, the serial device name is " "/dev/cuau0 or /dev/cuau1. Serial " @@ -25326,7 +25545,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16894 +#: book.translate.xml:17003 msgid "" "Several communication parameters must be known to communicate with a serial " "printer. The most important are baud rate or " @@ -25341,17 +25560,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:16904 book.translate.xml:17218 +#: book.translate.xml:17013 book.translate.xml:17327 msgid "Network" msgstr "網路" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16907 +#: book.translate.xml:17016 msgid "Network printers are connected directly to the local computer network." msgstr "網路印表機可直接連接到區域網路。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16910 +#: book.translate.xml:17019 msgid "" "The DNS hostname of the printer must be known. If the " "printer is assigned a dynamic address by DHCP, " @@ -25365,7 +25584,7 @@ "IP 位址可避免這個問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16918 +#: book.translate.xml:17027 msgid "" "Most network printers understand print jobs sent with the LPD protocol. A print queue name can also be specified. Some printers " @@ -25379,12 +25598,12 @@ "text 佇列則會在純文字上增加換行符號 (Carriage return)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16926 +#: book.translate.xml:17035 msgid "Many network printers can also print data sent directly to port 9100." msgstr "大部份網路印表機也可列印直接傳送到埠號 9100 的資料。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:16935 +#: book.translate.xml:17044 msgid "" "Wired network connections are usually the easiest to set up and give the " "fastest printing. For direct connection to the computer, USBPDL。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16956 +#: book.translate.xml:17065 msgid "ASCII" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16959 +#: book.translate.xml:17068 msgid "" "Plain ASCII text is the simplest way to send data to a " "printer. Characters correspond one to one with what will be printed: an " @@ -25438,7 +25657,7 @@ "至不需要編碼或轉譯，列印的結果可直接對應傳送的內容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16970 +#: book.translate.xml:17079 msgid "" "Some inexpensive printers cannot print plain ASCII text. " "This makes them more difficult to set up, but it is usually still possible." @@ -25447,12 +25666,12 @@ "定。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16978 +#: book.translate.xml:17087 msgid "PostScript" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16981 +#: book.translate.xml:17090 msgid "" "PostScript is almost the " "opposite of ASCII. Rather than simple text, a PostScript compatibility as a cost-saving measure." @@ -25478,12 +25697,12 @@ "trademark> 的相容性來節省成本。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16996 +#: book.translate.xml:17105 msgid "PCL (Printer Command Language)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16999 +#: book.translate.xml:17108 msgid "" "PCL is an extension of ASCII, adding " "escape sequences for formatting, font selection, and printing graphics. Many " @@ -25498,12 +25717,12 @@ "(Superset)，並可以提供更快的列印速度。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:17011 +#: book.translate.xml:17120 msgid "Host-Based" msgstr "以主機為基礎 (Host-Based)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17014 +#: book.translate.xml:17123 msgid "" "Manufacturers can reduce the cost of a printer by giving it a simple " "processor and very little memory. These printers are not capable of printing " @@ -25516,7 +25735,7 @@ "稱為以主機為基礎 (Host-based) 的印表機。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17022 +#: book.translate.xml:17131 msgid "" "Communication between the driver and a host-based printer is often through " "proprietary or undocumented protocols, making them functional only on the " @@ -25526,7 +25745,7 @@ "印表機只能在最常用的作業系統上運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17031 +#: book.translate.xml:17140 msgid "" "Converting PostScript to Other " "PDLs" @@ -25535,7 +25754,7 @@ "PDL" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17034 +#: book.translate.xml:17143 msgid "" "Many applications from the Ports Collection and FreeBSD utilities produce " "PostScript output. This table " @@ -25548,32 +25767,32 @@ "acronym> 的工具：" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:17040 +#: book.translate.xml:17149 msgid "Output PDLs" msgstr "輸出 PDL 格式" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17045 +#: book.translate.xml:17154 msgid "Output PDL" msgstr "輸出 PDL" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17047 +#: book.translate.xml:17156 msgid "Generated By" msgstr "產生由" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17054 +#: book.translate.xml:17163 msgid "PCL or PCL5" msgstr "PCL 或 PCL5" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17056 book.translate.xml:17064 book.translate.xml:17072 -msgid "print/ghostscript9" +#: book.translate.xml:17165 book.translate.xml:17173 book.translate.xml:17181 +msgid "print/ghostscript9-base" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17057 +#: book.translate.xml:17166 msgid "" "-sDEVICE=ljet4 for monochrome, -sDEVICE=cljet5 for color" @@ -25582,12 +25801,12 @@ "sDEVICE=cljet5" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17062 +#: book.translate.xml:17171 msgid "PCLXL or PCL6" msgstr "PCLXL 或 PCL6" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17065 +#: book.translate.xml:17174 msgid "" "-sDEVICE=pxlmono for monochrome, -" "sDEVICE=pxlcolor for color" @@ -25596,65 +25815,65 @@ "sDEVICE=pxlcolor" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17071 +#: book.translate.xml:17180 msgid "ESC/P2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17073 +#: book.translate.xml:17182 msgid "-sDEVICE=uniprint" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17077 +#: book.translate.xml:17186 msgid "XQX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17078 +#: book.translate.xml:17187 msgid "print/foo2zjs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17089 +#: book.translate.xml:17198 msgid "" "For the easiest printing, choose a printer that supports PostScript. Printers that support PCL are the next preferred. With print/" -"ghostscript, these printers can be used as if they understood " -"PostScript natively. Printers " -"that support PostScript or " -"PCL directly almost always support direct printing of " +"ghostscript9-base, these printers can be used as if they " +"understood PostScript natively. " +"Printers that support PostScript " +"or PCL directly almost always support direct printing of " "plain ASCII text files also." msgstr "" -"要最簡單可以列印，可選擇支援 PostScript 的印表機。其次則為支援 PCL 的印表機，有了 " -"print/ghostscript 這些印表機也可像原生支援 " -"PostScript 的印表機一般使用。有直" -"接支援 PostScript 或 " -"PCL 的印表機通常也會直接支援純 ASCII 文" -"字檔案。" +"要可以列印最簡單的方式就是選擇支援 PostScript 的印表機，再來是支援 PCL 的印表" +"機，有了 print/ghostscript9-base 這些印表機" +"也可像原生支援 PostScript 的印表" +"機一般使用。有直接支援 PostScript 或 PCL 的印表機通常也會直接支援純 " +"ASCII 文字檔案。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17099 +#: book.translate.xml:17208 msgid "" "Line-based printers like typical inkjets usually do not support PostScript or PCL. They " "often can print plain ASCII text files. print/ghostscript supports the PDLs " -"used by some of these printers. However, printing an entire graphic-based " -"page on these printers is often very slow due to the large amount of data to " -"be transferred and printed." +"\"port\">print/ghostscript9-base supports the PDLs used by some of these printers. However, printing an entire " +"graphic-based page on these printers is often very slow due to the large " +"amount of data to be transferred and printed." msgstr "" "行列式印表機如同典型的噴墨式印表機通常不支援 PostScript 或 PCL，這種印表機通常可以列印" "純 ASCII 文字檔案。print/" -"ghostscript 支援部份這種印表機使用的 PDL，不過要" -"在這種印表機上列印完全以圖型為基礎的頁面通常會非常緩慢，由於需要傳送大量的資" -"料並列印。" +"ghostscript9-base 支援部份這種印表機使用的 PDL，" +"不過要在這種印表機上列印完全以圖型為基礎的頁面通常會非常緩慢，由於需要傳送大" +"量的資料並列印。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17108 +#: book.translate.xml:17217 msgid "" "Host-based printers are often more difficult to set up. Some cannot be used " "at all because of proprietary PDLs. Avoid these printers " @@ -25664,7 +25883,7 @@ "acronym> 而無法使用，盡可能避免使用這類的印表機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17113 +#: book.translate.xml:17222 msgid "" "Descriptions of many PDLs can be found at . The " @@ -25677,12 +25896,12 @@ "org/printers\"/> 查詢。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:17121 +#: book.translate.xml:17230 msgid "Direct Printing" msgstr "直接列印" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17123 +#: book.translate.xml:17232 msgid "" "For occasional printing, files can be sent directly to a printer device " "without any setup. For example, a file called sample.txt# cp sample.txt /dev/unlpt0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17130 +#: book.translate.xml:17239 msgid "" "Direct printing to network printers depends on the abilities of the printer, " "but most accept print jobs on port 9100, and " @@ -25714,18 +25933,18 @@ "netlaser 的印表機列印與上述相同的檔案可：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17136 +#: book.translate.xml:17245 #, no-wrap msgid "# nc netlaser 9100 < sample.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:17140 +#: book.translate.xml:17249 msgid "LPD (Line Printer Daemon)" msgstr "LPD (行列式印表機 Daemon)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17142 +#: book.translate.xml:17251 msgid "" "Printing a file in the background is called spooling. A " "spooler allows the user to continue with other programs on the computer " @@ -25735,7 +25954,7 @@ "用者能夠繼續執行電腦的其他程式而不需要等候印表機緩慢的完成列印工作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17147 +#: book.translate.xml:17256 msgid "" "FreeBSD includes a spooler called lpd8. Print jobs are " @@ -25748,12 +25967,12 @@ "citerefentry> 來提交。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17151 book.translate.xml:28651 +#: book.translate.xml:17260 book.translate.xml:28764 msgid "Initial Setup" msgstr "初始設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17153 +#: book.translate.xml:17262 msgid "" "A directory for storing print jobs is created, ownership is set, and the " "permissions are set to prevent other users from viewing the contents of " @@ -25763,7 +25982,7 @@ "些檔案的內容：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17161 +#: book.translate.xml:17270 msgid "" "Printers are defined in /etc/printcap. An entry for " "each printer includes details like a name, the port where it is attached, " @@ -25775,7 +25994,7 @@ "filename> 使用以下內容：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17167 +#: book.translate.xml:17276 #, no-wrap msgid "" "lp:\\\t\t\t\t\n" @@ -25787,7 +26006,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17176 +#: book.translate.xml:17285 msgid "" "The name of this printer. lpr1 sends print jobs to " @@ -25801,30 +26020,30 @@ "lp。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17184 +#: book.translate.xml:17293 msgid "" "The device where the printer is connected. Replace this line with the " "appropriate one for the connection type shown here." msgstr "印表機所連接到裝置。替換此行為正確的連線類型，如此處所示。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17192 +#: book.translate.xml:17301 msgid "Connection Type" msgstr "連線類型" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17193 +#: book.translate.xml:17302 msgid "Device Entry in /etc/printcap" msgstr "在 /etc/printcap 的裝置項目" #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17201 +#: book.translate.xml:17310 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=/dev/unlpt0:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17203 +#: book.translate.xml:17312 msgid "" "This is the non-resetting USB " "printer device. If problems are experienced, use ulpt0 " @@ -25835,28 +26054,28 @@ "USB 埠。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17213 +#: book.translate.xml:17322 msgid "Parallel" msgstr "並列" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17220 +#: book.translate.xml:17329 msgid "For a printer supporting the LPD protocol:" msgstr "針對支援 LPD 通訊協定的印表機：" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17225 +#: book.translate.xml:17334 msgid "For printers supporting port 9100 printing:" msgstr "針對支援使用埠號 9100 列印的印表機：" #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17228 +#: book.translate.xml:17337 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=9100@network-printer-name:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17230 +#: book.translate.xml:17339 msgid "" "For both types, replace network-printer-name with " "the DNS host name of the network printer." @@ -25865,18 +26084,18 @@ "replaceable> 為網路印表機的 DNS 主機名稱。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17237 +#: book.translate.xml:17346 msgid "Serial" msgstr "序列" #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17238 +#: book.translate.xml:17347 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=/dev/cuau0:br=9600:pa=none:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17240 +#: book.translate.xml:17349 msgid "" "These values are for a typical serial printer connected to a motherboard " "serial port. The baud rate is 9600, and no parity is used." @@ -25885,17 +26104,17 @@ "9600 且無同位檢查 (No Parity)。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17251 +#: book.translate.xml:17360 msgid "Suppress the printing of a header page at the start of a print job." msgstr "在列印工作開始時不列印首頁。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17256 +#: book.translate.xml:17365 msgid "Do not limit the maximum size of a print job." msgstr "不限制列印工作的最大尺寸。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17260 +#: book.translate.xml:17369 msgid "" "The path to the spooling directory for this printer. Each printer uses its " "own spooling directory." @@ -25904,12 +26123,12 @@ "(Spooling) 目錄。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17265 +#: book.translate.xml:17374 msgid "The log file where errors on this printer will be reported." msgstr "回報此印表機的錯誤的日誌檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17270 +#: book.translate.xml:17379 msgid "" "After creating /etc/printcap, use " "chkprintcap8 測試印表機是否有錯誤：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17273 +#: book.translate.xml:17382 #, no-wrap msgid "# chkprintcap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17275 +#: book.translate.xml:17384 msgid "Fix any reported problems before continuing." msgstr "在繼續之前修正任何回報的問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17277 +#: book.translate.xml:17386 msgid "" "Enable lpd8 in /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -25941,13 +26160,13 @@ "citerefentry>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17284 +#: book.translate.xml:17393 #, no-wrap msgid "# service lpd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17288 +#: book.translate.xml:17397 msgid "" "Printing with lpr1" @@ -25956,7 +26175,7 @@ "manvolnum> 列印" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17290 +#: book.translate.xml:17399 msgid "" "Documents are sent to the printer with lpr. A file to be " "printed can be named on the command line or piped into lpr% lpr doc.txt\n" @@ -25973,25 +26192,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17299 +#: book.translate.xml:17408 msgid "" "Printers can be selected with . To print to a printer " "called laser:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17303 +#: book.translate.xml:17412 #, no-wrap msgid "% lpr -Plaser doc.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17307 +#: book.translate.xml:17416 msgid "Filters" msgstr "過濾器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17309 +#: book.translate.xml:17418 msgid "" "The examples shown so far have sent the contents of a text file directly to " "the printer. As long as the printer understands the content of those files, " @@ -25999,14 +26218,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17314 +#: book.translate.xml:17423 msgid "" "Some printers are not capable of printing plain text, and the input file " "might not even be plain text." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17317 +#: book.translate.xml:17426 msgid "" "Filters allow files to be translated or processed. The " "typical use is to translate one type of input, like plain text, into a form " @@ -26017,7 +26236,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17325 +#: book.translate.xml:17434 msgid "" "The filters discussed here are input filters or " "text filters. These filters convert the incoming file " @@ -26027,7 +26246,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17332 +#: book.translate.xml:17441 msgid "" "Filters are specified in /etc/printcap with the " "if= identifier. To use /usr/local/libexec/" @@ -26036,7 +26255,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17338 +#: book.translate.xml:17447 #, no-wrap msgid "" "lp:\\\n" @@ -26049,14 +26268,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17348 +#: book.translate.xml:17457 msgid "" "if= identifies the input filter that " "will be used on incoming text." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:17355 +#: book.translate.xml:17464 msgid "" "The backslash line continuation characters at the end " "of the lines in printcap entries reveal that an entry " @@ -26066,18 +26285,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17362 +#: book.translate.xml:17471 #, no-wrap msgid "lp:lp=/dev/unlpt0:sh:mx#0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/lp:if=/usr/local/libexec/lf2crlf:lf=/var/log/lpd-errs:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17366 +#: book.translate.xml:17475 msgid "Preventing Stairstepping on Plain Text Printers" msgstr "避免在純文字印表機階梯狀列印" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17368 +#: book.translate.xml:17477 msgid "" "Typical FreeBSD text files contain only a single line feed character at the " "end of each line. These lines will stairstep on a standard " @@ -26085,7 +26304,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17372 +#: book.translate.xml:17481 #, no-wrap msgid "" "A printed file looks\n" @@ -26094,7 +26313,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17376 +#: book.translate.xml:17485 msgid "" "A filter can convert the newline characters into carriage returns and " "newlines. The carriage returns make the printer return to the left after " @@ -26103,7 +26322,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17382 +#: book.translate.xml:17491 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -26112,37 +26331,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17386 book.translate.xml:17421 book.translate.xml:17453 -#: book.translate.xml:17507 +#: book.translate.xml:17495 book.translate.xml:17530 book.translate.xml:17562 +#: book.translate.xml:17616 msgid "Set the permissions and make it executable:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17388 +#: book.translate.xml:17497 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/lf2crlf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17390 book.translate.xml:17425 +#: book.translate.xml:17499 book.translate.xml:17534 msgid "Modify /etc/printcap to use the new filter:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17393 +#: book.translate.xml:17502 #, no-wrap msgid ":if=/usr/local/libexec/lf2crlf:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17395 +#: book.translate.xml:17504 msgid "" "Test the filter by printing the same plain text file. The carriage returns " "will cause each line to start at the left side of the page." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17401 +#: book.translate.xml:17510 msgid "" "Fancy Plain Text on PostScript " "Printers with print/enscript" @@ -26151,7 +26370,7 @@ "\">PostScript 印表機美化純文字內容" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17404 +#: book.translate.xml:17513 msgid "" "GNU Enscript converts plain " "text files into nicely-formatted PostScript/usr/local/libexec/enscript with these contents:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17418 +#: book.translate.xml:17527 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -26178,24 +26397,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17423 +#: book.translate.xml:17532 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/enscript" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17428 +#: book.translate.xml:17537 #, no-wrap msgid ":if=/usr/local/libexec/enscript:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17430 +#: book.translate.xml:17539 msgid "Test the filter by printing a plain text file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17434 +#: book.translate.xml:17543 msgid "" "Printing PostScript to " "PCL Printers" @@ -26204,7 +26423,7 @@ "acronym> 印表機" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17437 +#: book.translate.xml:17546 msgid "" "Many programs produce PostScript " "documents. However, inexpensive printers often only understand plain text or " @@ -26214,21 +26433,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17443 +#: book.translate.xml:17552 msgid "" "Install the Ghostscript PostScript interpreter, print/ghostscript9, " -"from the Ports Collection." +"trademark> interpreter, print/ghostscript9-base, from the Ports Collection." msgstr "" +"由 Port 套件集安裝 Ghostscript PostScript 直譯器，print/ghostscript9-base。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17447 +#: book.translate.xml:17556 msgid "" "Create /usr/local/libexec/ps2pcl with these contents:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17450 +#: book.translate.xml:17559 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -26236,13 +26457,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17455 +#: book.translate.xml:17564 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/ps2pcl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17457 +#: book.translate.xml:17566 msgid "" "PostScript input sent to this " "script will be rendered and converted to PCL before being " @@ -26250,25 +26471,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17461 book.translate.xml:17511 +#: book.translate.xml:17570 book.translate.xml:17620 msgid "Modify /etc/printcap to use this new input filter:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17464 +#: book.translate.xml:17573 #, no-wrap msgid ":if=/usr/local/libexec/ps2pcl:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17466 +#: book.translate.xml:17575 msgid "" "Test the filter by sending a small PostScript program to it:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17469 +#: book.translate.xml:17578 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% printf \"%%\\!PS \\n /Helvetica findfont 18 scalefont setfont \\\n" @@ -26276,12 +26497,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17474 +#: book.translate.xml:17583 msgid "Smart Filters" msgstr "智慧過濾器" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17476 +#: book.translate.xml:17585 msgid "" "A filter that detects the type of input and automatically converts it to the " "correct format for the printer can be very convenient. The first two " @@ -26296,7 +26517,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17487 +#: book.translate.xml:17596 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -26321,31 +26542,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17509 +#: book.translate.xml:17618 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/psif" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17514 +#: book.translate.xml:17623 #, no-wrap msgid ":if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17516 +#: book.translate.xml:17625 msgid "" "Test the filter by printing PostScript and plain text files." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17521 +#: book.translate.xml:17630 msgid "Other Smart Filters" msgstr "其他智慧過濾器" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17523 +#: book.translate.xml:17632 msgid "" "Writing a filter that detects many different types of input and formats them " "correctly is challenging. print/apsfilter " @@ -26356,12 +26577,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17535 +#: book.translate.xml:17644 msgid "Multiple Queues" msgstr "多序列" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17537 +#: book.translate.xml:17646 msgid "" "The entries in /etc/printcap are really definitions of " "queues. There can be more than one queue for a single " @@ -26370,7 +26591,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17543 +#: book.translate.xml:17652 msgid "" "As an example, consider a networked PostScript laser printer in an office. Most users want to " @@ -26381,7 +26602,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17549 +#: book.translate.xml:17658 #, no-wrap msgid "" "textprinter:\\\n" @@ -26401,7 +26622,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17564 +#: book.translate.xml:17673 msgid "" "Documents sent to textprinter will be formatted by the " "/usr/local/libexec/enscript filter shown in an earlier " @@ -26411,7 +26632,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17571 +#: book.translate.xml:17680 msgid "" "This multiple queue technique can be used to provide direct access to all " "kinds of printer features. A printer with a duplexer could use two queues, " @@ -26421,26 +26642,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17580 +#: book.translate.xml:17689 msgid "Monitoring and Controlling Printing" msgstr "監視與控制列印" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17582 +#: book.translate.xml:17691 msgid "" "Several utilities are available to monitor print jobs and check and control " "printer operation." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17586 +#: book.translate.xml:17695 msgid "" "lpq1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17588 +#: book.translate.xml:17697 msgid "" "lpq1 shows the status of a user's print jobs. Print jobs from other " @@ -26448,12 +26669,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17591 +#: book.translate.xml:17700 msgid "Show the current user's pending jobs on a single printer:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17594 +#: book.translate.xml:17703 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% lpq -Plp\n" @@ -26462,12 +26683,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17598 +#: book.translate.xml:17707 msgid "Show the current user's pending jobs on all printers:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17601 +#: book.translate.xml:17710 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% lpq -a\n" @@ -26481,14 +26702,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17612 +#: book.translate.xml:17721 msgid "" "lprm1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17614 +#: book.translate.xml:17723 msgid "" "lprm1 is used to remove print jobs. Normal users are only allowed to " @@ -26497,12 +26718,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17619 +#: book.translate.xml:17728 msgid "Remove all pending jobs from a printer:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17621 +#: book.translate.xml:17730 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lprm -Plp -\n" @@ -26515,7 +26736,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17629 +#: book.translate.xml:17738 msgid "" "Remove a single job from a printer. lpq1 is used to find the " @@ -26523,7 +26744,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17632 +#: book.translate.xml:17741 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% lpq\n" @@ -26535,14 +26756,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17641 +#: book.translate.xml:17750 msgid "" "lpc8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17643 +#: book.translate.xml:17752 msgid "" "lpc8 is used to check and modify printer status. lpcall can be used instead of a specific printer name, and " "the command will be applied to all printers. Normal users can view status " "with lpc8. Only class=\"username\">root. Only root can use commands which modify printer status." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17652 +#: book.translate.xml:17761 msgid "Show the status of all printers:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17654 +#: book.translate.xml:17763 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% lpc status all\n" @@ -26577,14 +26798,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17666 +#: book.translate.xml:17775 msgid "" "Prevent a printer from accepting new jobs, then begin accepting new jobs " "again:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17669 +#: book.translate.xml:17778 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc disable lp\n" @@ -26596,13 +26817,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17676 +#: book.translate.xml:17785 msgid "" "Stop printing, but continue to accept new jobs. Then begin printing again:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17679 +#: book.translate.xml:17788 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc stop lp\n" @@ -26615,12 +26836,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17687 +#: book.translate.xml:17796 msgid "Restart a printer after some error condition:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17689 +#: book.translate.xml:17798 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc restart lp\n" @@ -26631,14 +26852,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17695 +#: book.translate.xml:17804 msgid "" "Turn the print queue off and disable printing, with a message to explain the " "problem to users:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17698 +#: book.translate.xml:17807 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc down lp Repair parts will arrive on Monday\n" @@ -26648,12 +26869,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17703 +#: book.translate.xml:17812 msgid "Re-enable a printer that is down:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17705 +#: book.translate.xml:17814 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc up lp\n" @@ -26663,31 +26884,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17710 +#: book.translate.xml:17819 msgid "" "See lpc8 for more commands and options." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17715 +#: book.translate.xml:17824 msgid "Shared Printers" msgstr "分享印表機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17717 +#: book.translate.xml:17826 msgid "" "Printers are often shared by multiple users in businesses and schools. " "Additional features are provided to make sharing printers more convenient." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17722 +#: book.translate.xml:17831 msgid "Aliases" msgstr "別名" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17724 +#: book.translate.xml:17833 msgid "" "The printer name is set in the first line of the entry in /etc/" "printcap. Additional names, or aliases, can " @@ -26696,39 +26917,39 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17730 +#: book.translate.xml:17839 #, no-wrap msgid "lp|repairsprinter|salesprinter:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17732 +#: book.translate.xml:17841 msgid "" "Aliases can be used in place of the printer name. For example, users in the " "Sales department print to their printer with" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17736 +#: book.translate.xml:17845 #, no-wrap msgid "% lpr -Psalesprinter sales-report.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17738 +#: book.translate.xml:17847 msgid "" "Users in the Repairs department print to their printer " "with" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17741 +#: book.translate.xml:17850 #, no-wrap msgid "% lpr -Prepairsprinter repairs-report.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17743 +#: book.translate.xml:17852 msgid "" "All of the documents print on that single printer. When the Sales department " "grows enough to need their own printer, the alias can be removed from the " @@ -26738,12 +26959,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17752 +#: book.translate.xml:17861 msgid "Header Pages" msgstr "頁首" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17754 +#: book.translate.xml:17863 msgid "" "It can be difficult for users to locate their documents in the stack of " "pages produced by a busy shared printer. Header pages " @@ -26754,7 +26975,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17762 +#: book.translate.xml:17871 msgid "" "Enabling header pages differs depending on whether the printer is connected " "directly to the computer with a USB, parallel, or serial " @@ -26762,7 +26983,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17767 +#: book.translate.xml:17876 msgid "" "Header pages on directly-connected printers are enabled by removing the " ":sh:\\ (Suppress Header) line from the entry in " @@ -26774,7 +26995,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17777 +#: book.translate.xml:17886 msgid "" "Header pages for network printers must be configured on the printer itself. " "Header page entries in /etc/printcap are ignored. " @@ -26783,26 +27004,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17788 book.translate.xml:22589 +#: book.translate.xml:17897 book.translate.xml:22697 msgid "References" msgstr "參考文獻" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17790 +#: book.translate.xml:17899 msgid "" "Example files: /usr/share/examples/printing/." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17792 +#: book.translate.xml:17901 msgid "" "The 4.3BSD Line Printer Spooler Manual, /usr/" "share/doc/smm/07.lpd/paper.ascii.gz." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17796 +#: book.translate.xml:17905 msgid "" "Manual pages: printcap5, " @@ -26816,12 +27037,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:17802 +#: book.translate.xml:17911 msgid "Other Printing Systems" msgstr "其他列印系統" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17804 +#: book.translate.xml:17913 msgid "" "Several other printing systems are available in addition to the built-in " "lpd8CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17812 +#: book.translate.xml:17921 msgid "" "CUPS is a popular printing system available on many " "operating systems. Using CUPS on FreeBSD is documented in " @@ -26846,12 +27067,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17819 +#: book.translate.xml:17928 msgid "HPLIP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17821 +#: book.translate.xml:17930 msgid "" "Hewlett Packard provides a printing system that supports many of their " "inkjet and laser printers. The port is print/hplipLPRng was developed as an enhanced alternative to " "lpd8Linux Binary Compatibility" msgstr "Linux Binary 相容性" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:17853 +#: book.translate.xml:17962 msgid "" " Jim Mock Restructured and parts updated by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:17864 +#: book.translate.xml:17973 msgid "" " Brian N. Handy Originally contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:17872 +#: book.translate.xml:17981 msgid "" " Rich Murphey " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:17884 +#: book.translate.xml:17993 msgid "Linux binary compatibility" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17892 +#: book.translate.xml:18001 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides binary compatibility with Linux, allowing users to install and run most Linux 好。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17898 +#: book.translate.xml:18007 msgid "" "However, some Linux-specific " "operating system features are not supported under FreeBSD. For example, " @@ -26939,7 +27160,7 @@ "擬 8086 模式，會無法在 FreeBSD 執行。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:17904 +#: book.translate.xml:18013 msgid "" "Support for 64-bit binary compatibility with Linux was added in FreeBSD 10.3." @@ -26948,7 +27169,7 @@ "trademark> Binary 相容性。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17912 +#: book.translate.xml:18021 msgid "" "How to enable Linux binary " "compatibility on a FreeBSD system." @@ -26957,7 +27178,7 @@ "Binary 相容模式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17917 +#: book.translate.xml:18026 msgid "" "How to install additional Linux " "shared libraries." @@ -26965,7 +27186,7 @@ "如何安裝其他的 Linux 共用程式庫。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17922 +#: book.translate.xml:18031 msgid "" "How to install Linux " "applications on a FreeBSD system." @@ -26974,7 +27195,7 @@ "用程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17927 +#: book.translate.xml:18036 msgid "" "The implementation details of Linux compatibility in FreeBSD." @@ -26983,26 +27204,26 @@ "細節。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17936 +#: book.translate.xml:18045 msgid "" "Know how to install additional third-party software." msgstr "知道如何安裝 其他的第三方軟體。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:17944 +#: book.translate.xml:18053 msgid "" "Configuring Linux Binary " "Compatibility" msgstr "設定 Linux Binary 相容性" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:17946 +#: book.translate.xml:18055 msgid "Ports Collection" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17948 +#: book.translate.xml:18057 msgid "" "By default, Linux libraries are " "not installed and Linux binary " @@ -27016,7 +27237,7 @@ "FreeBSD Port 套件集安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17953 +#: book.translate.xml:18062 msgid "" "Before attempting to build the port, load the Linux kernel module, otherwise the build will fail:" @@ -27025,29 +27246,29 @@ "核心模組，否則編譯會失敗：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17956 +#: book.translate.xml:18065 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload linux" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17958 +#: book.translate.xml:18067 msgid "For 64-bit compatibility:" msgstr "對 64-位元的相容性：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17960 +#: book.translate.xml:18069 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload linux64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17962 +#: book.translate.xml:18071 msgid "To verify that the module is loaded:" msgstr "確認模組已載入：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17964 +#: book.translate.xml:18073 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% kldstat\n" @@ -27057,7 +27278,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17969 +#: book.translate.xml:18078 msgid "" "The emulators/linux_base-c6 package or port is the " "easiest way to install a base set of Linux# pkg install emulators/linux_base-c6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17976 +#: book.translate.xml:18085 msgid "" "For Linux compatibility to be " "enabled at boot time, add this line to /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -27083,13 +27304,13 @@ "加入這行到 /etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17979 +#: book.translate.xml:18088 #, no-wrap msgid "linux_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17981 +#: book.translate.xml:18090 msgid "" "On 64-bit machines, /etc/rc.d/abi will automatically " "load the module for 64-bit emulation." @@ -27098,30 +27319,32 @@ "元模擬的模組。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:17984 +#: book.translate.xml:18093 msgid "kernel options COMPAT_LINUX" msgstr "核心選項 COMPAT_LINUX" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17989 +#: book.translate.xml:18098 msgid "" -"Since the Linux binary compatibility layer has gained support for running " -"both 32- and 64-bit Linux binaries (on 64-bit x86 hosts), it is no longer " -"possible to link the emulation functionality statically into a custom kernel." +"Since the Linux binary " +"compatibility layer has gained support for running both 32- and 64-bit " +"Linux binaries (on 64-bit x86 " +"hosts), it is no longer possible to link the emulation functionality " +"statically into a custom kernel." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17995 +#: book.translate.xml:18104 msgid "Installing Additional Libraries Manually" msgstr "手動安裝其他程式庫" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:17997 +#: book.translate.xml:18106 msgid "shared libraries" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18001 +#: book.translate.xml:18110 msgid "" "If a Linux application complains " "about missing shared libraries after configuring Linux system, " "ldd can be used to determine which shared libraries the " @@ -27151,7 +27374,7 @@ "個指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18013 +#: book.translate.xml:18122 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ldd linuxdoom\n" @@ -27161,12 +27384,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18018 +#: book.translate.xml:18127 msgid "symbolic links" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18022 +#: book.translate.xml:18131 msgid "" "Then, copy all the files in the last column of the output from the " "Linux system into /" @@ -27180,7 +27403,7 @@ "FreeBSD 系統產生以下檔案：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18029 +#: book.translate.xml:18138 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0\n" @@ -27192,7 +27415,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18036 +#: book.translate.xml:18145 msgid "" "If a Linux shared library " "already exists with a matching major revision number to the first column of " @@ -27207,12 +27430,12 @@ "只要符號連結指向新版的程式庫，舊版便可移除。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18044 +#: book.translate.xml:18153 msgid "For example, these libraries already exist on the FreeBSD system:" msgstr "例如，以下程式庫已存在 FreeBSD 系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18047 +#: book.translate.xml:18156 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.27\n" @@ -27220,19 +27443,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18050 +#: book.translate.xml:18159 msgid "" "and ldd indicates that a binary requires a later version:" msgstr "且 ldd 顯示 Binary 需要使用較新的版本：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18053 +#: book.translate.xml:18162 #, no-wrap msgid "libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) -> libc.so.4.6.29" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18055 +#: book.translate.xml:18164 msgid "" "Since the existing library is only one or two versions out of date in the " "last digit, the program should still work with the slightly older version. " @@ -27244,7 +27467,7 @@ "本：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18061 +#: book.translate.xml:18170 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29\n" @@ -27252,7 +27475,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18064 +#: book.translate.xml:18173 msgid "" "Generally, one will need to look for the shared libraries that Linux binaries depend on only the first few " @@ -27269,7 +27492,7 @@ "\"registered\">Linux Binary，便不再需要額外的動作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:18073 +#: book.translate.xml:18182 msgid "" "Installing Linux ELF Binaries" @@ -27278,12 +27501,12 @@ "acronym> Binary" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18076 +#: book.translate.xml:18185 msgid "Linux ELF binaries" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18081 +#: book.translate.xml:18190 msgid "" "ELF binaries sometimes require an extra step. When an " "unbranded ELF binary is executed, it will generate an " @@ -27293,7 +27516,7 @@ "的 ELF Binary，會產生錯誤訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18085 +#: book.translate.xml:18194 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ./my-linux-elf-binary\n" @@ -27302,7 +27525,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18089 +#: book.translate.xml:18198 msgid "" "To help the FreeBSD kernel distinguish between a FreeBSD ELF binary and a Linux " @@ -27315,18 +27538,18 @@ "manvolnum>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18093 +#: book.translate.xml:18202 #, no-wrap msgid "% brandelf -t Linux my-linux-elf-binary" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18095 +#: book.translate.xml:18204 msgid "GNU toolchain" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18099 +#: book.translate.xml:18208 msgid "" "Since the GNU toolchain places the appropriate branding information into " "ELF binaries automatically, this step is usually not " @@ -27336,7 +27559,7 @@ "不需要這個步驟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:18105 +#: book.translate.xml:18214 msgid "" "Installing a Linux RPM Based Application" @@ -27345,7 +27568,7 @@ "acronym> 為基礎的應用程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18108 +#: book.translate.xml:18217 msgid "" "To install a Linux RPM-based application, first install the archivers/rpm4.rpm：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18115 +#: book.translate.xml:18224 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /compat/linux\n" @@ -27367,7 +27590,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18118 +#: book.translate.xml:18227 msgid "" "If necessary, brandelf the installed ELF binaries. Note that this will prevent a clean uninstall." @@ -27376,17 +27599,17 @@ "Binary。注意，這將會無法乾淨地解除安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:18124 +#: book.translate.xml:18233 msgid "Configuring the Hostname Resolver" msgstr "設定主機名稱解析器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18126 +#: book.translate.xml:18235 msgid "If DNS does not work or this error appears:" msgstr "如果 DNS 無法運作或出現這個錯誤：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18129 +#: book.translate.xml:18238 #, no-wrap msgid "" "resolv+: \"bind\" is an invalid keyword resolv+:\n" @@ -27394,12 +27617,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18132 +#: book.translate.xml:18241 msgid "configure /compat/linux/etc/host.conf as follows:" msgstr "將 /compat/linux/etc/host.conf 設定如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:18135 +#: book.translate.xml:18244 #, no-wrap msgid "" "order hosts, bind\n" @@ -27407,7 +27630,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18138 +#: book.translate.xml:18247 msgid "" "This specifies that /etc/hosts is searched first and " "DNS is searched second. When /compat/linux/etc/" @@ -27424,12 +27647,12 @@ "literal>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:18973 book.translate.xml:40145 book.translate.xml:51433 +#: book.translate.xml:19081 book.translate.xml:40258 book.translate.xml:51673 msgid "Advanced Topics" msgstr "進階主題" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18975 +#: book.translate.xml:19083 msgid "" "This section describes how Linux " "binary compatibility works and is based on an email written to execution class loader" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18982 +#: book.translate.xml:19090 msgid "" "FreeBSD has an abstraction called an execution class loader. " "This is a wedge into the execveUNIX loader " "examined the magic number (generally the first 4 or 8 bytes of the file) to " @@ -27462,7 +27685,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18991 +#: book.translate.xml:19099 msgid "" "If it was not the binary type for the system, the " "execve2sh1 to examine the first " @@ -27482,7 +27705,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19001 +#: book.translate.xml:19109 msgid "" "FreeBSD has a list of loaders, instead of a single loader, with a fallback " "to the #! loader for running shell interpreters or shell " @@ -27490,17 +27713,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19005 +#: book.translate.xml:19113 msgid "ELF" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19009 book.translate.xml:53483 +#: book.translate.xml:19117 book.translate.xml:53723 msgid "Solaris" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19013 +#: book.translate.xml:19121 msgid "" "For the Linux ABI support, FreeBSD sees the magic number as an ELF binary. The ELF " @@ -27510,7 +27733,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19019 +#: book.translate.xml:19127 msgid "" "For Linux binaries to function, " "they must be branded as type Linux " @@ -27519,18 +27742,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19023 +#: book.translate.xml:19131 #, no-wrap msgid "# brandelf -t Linux file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19025 +#: book.translate.xml:19133 msgid "ELF branding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19030 +#: book.translate.xml:19138 msgid "" "When the ELF loader sees the Linux brand, the loader " "replaces a pointer in the proc structure. All system " @@ -27541,7 +27764,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19038 +#: book.translate.xml:19146 msgid "" "The Linux system call vector " "contains, among other things, a list of sysent[] entries " @@ -27549,7 +27772,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19042 +#: book.translate.xml:19150 msgid "" "When a system call is called by the Linux binary, the trap code dereferences the system call function " @@ -27559,21 +27782,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19047 +#: book.translate.xml:19155 msgid "" "Linux mode dynamically " -"reroots lookups. This is, in effect, equivalent to the " -" option to file system mounts. First, an attempt is " -"made to lookup the file in /compat/linux/original-" -"path. If that fails, the lookup is done in " -"/original-path. This makes " -"sure that binaries that require other binaries can run. For example, the " -"Linux toolchain can all run " -"under Linux ABI support. It also means that the Linux binaries can load and execute FreeBSD binaries, if " -"there are no corresponding Linux " -"binaries present, and that a unamereroots lookups. This is, in effect, equivalent to " +" to file system mounts. First, an attempt is made to " +"lookup the file in /compat/linux/original-path. If that fails, the lookup is done in /" +"original-path. This makes sure that " +"binaries that require other binaries can run. For example, the Linux toolchain can all run under " +"Linux ABI " +"support. It also means that the Linux binaries can load and execute FreeBSD binaries, if there are no " +"corresponding Linux binaries " +"present, and that a uname1 command can be placed " "in the /compat/linux directory tree to ensure that the " "Linux binaries cannot tell they " @@ -27581,7 +27804,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19064 +#: book.translate.xml:19172 msgid "" "In effect, there is a Linux " "kernel in the FreeBSD kernel. The various underlying functions that " @@ -27599,7 +27822,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19077 +#: book.translate.xml:19185 msgid "" "Technically, this is not really emulation, it is an ABI " "implementation. It is sometimes called Chern Lee Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:19126 +#: book.translate.xml:19234 msgid "" " Mike Smith Based on a tutorial written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:19136 +#: book.translate.xml:19244 msgid "" " Matt Dillon Also based on tuning(7) written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19149 +#: book.translate.xml:19257 msgid "system configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19152 +#: book.translate.xml:19260 msgid "system optimization" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19156 +#: book.translate.xml:19264 msgid "" "One of the important aspects of FreeBSD is proper system configuration. This " "chapter explains much of the FreeBSD configuration process, including some " @@ -27683,7 +27906,7 @@ "紹 FreeBSD 的設定流程，包括一些可以調整 FreeBSD 效能的參數設定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19165 +#: book.translate.xml:19273 msgid "" "The basics of rc.conf configuration and /usr/" "local/etc/rc.d startup scripts." @@ -27692,23 +27915,23 @@ "filename> 啟動 Script。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19171 +#: book.translate.xml:19279 msgid "How to configure and test a network card." msgstr "如何設定並測試網路卡。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19175 +#: book.translate.xml:19283 msgid "How to configure virtual hosts on network devices." msgstr "如何在網路裝置上設定虛擬主機。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19180 +#: book.translate.xml:19288 msgid "" "How to use the various configuration files in /etc." msgstr "如何使用在 /etc 中的各種設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19185 +#: book.translate.xml:19293 msgid "" "How to tune FreeBSD using sysctl8 variables." @@ -27717,13 +27940,13 @@ "manvolnum> 變數調校 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19189 +#: book.translate.xml:19297 msgid "How to tune disk performance and modify kernel limitations." msgstr "如何調校磁碟效能及修改核心限制。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19198 book.translate.xml:29306 book.translate.xml:31053 -#: book.translate.xml:34885 book.translate.xml:46001 +#: book.translate.xml:19306 book.translate.xml:29419 book.translate.xml:31166 +#: book.translate.xml:34998 book.translate.xml:46241 msgid "" "Understand UNIX and FreeBSD " "basics ()." @@ -27732,24 +27955,24 @@ "linkend=\"basics\"/>)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19203 +#: book.translate.xml:19311 msgid "" "Be familiar with the basics of kernel configuration and compilation ()." msgstr "熟悉核心設定與編譯的基礎 ()。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:19211 +#: book.translate.xml:19319 msgid "Starting Services" msgstr "啟動服務" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19224 +#: book.translate.xml:19332 msgid "services" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19228 +#: book.translate.xml:19336 msgid "" "Many users install third party software on FreeBSD from the Ports Collection " "and require the installed services to be started upon system initialization. " @@ -27764,7 +27987,7 @@ "將說明可用來啟動第三方軟體的程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19237 +#: book.translate.xml:19345 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, most included services, such as " "cron8rc.d, configuration of " "application startup is easier and provides more features. Using the key " @@ -27796,7 +28019,7 @@ "Script 可能會如下例所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19252 +#: book.translate.xml:19360 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -27825,7 +28048,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19276 +#: book.translate.xml:19384 msgid "" "This script will ensure that the provided utility will be " "started after the DAEMON pseudo-service. It also provides " @@ -27836,20 +28059,20 @@ "PID) 的方法。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19282 +#: book.translate.xml:19390 msgid "" "This application could then have the following line placed in /etc/" "rc.conf:" msgstr "接著此應用程式便可將下行放到 /etc/rc.conf 中：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19285 +#: book.translate.xml:19393 #, no-wrap msgid "utility_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19287 +#: book.translate.xml:19395 msgid "" "This method allows for easier manipulation of command line arguments, " "inclusion of the default functions provided in /etc/rc.subrrc.conf 簡單的設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19295 +#: book.translate.xml:19403 msgid "Using Services to Start Services" msgstr "使用服務來啟動其他服務" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19297 +#: book.translate.xml:19405 msgid "" "Other services can be started using inetd8. Working with " @@ -27882,7 +28105,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8 以及其設定的深入說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19302 +#: book.translate.xml:19410 msgid "" "In some cases, it may make more sense to use " "cron8@reboot feature of cron8, may be used in place " @@ -27915,7 +28138,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8 後執行。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:19318 +#: book.translate.xml:19426 msgid "" "Configuring cron8" @@ -27924,12 +28147,12 @@ "manvolnum>" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19331 +#: book.translate.xml:19439 msgid "cron configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19336 +#: book.translate.xml:19444 msgid "" "One of the most useful utilities in FreeBSD is cron. This utility runs in the background and regularly checks " @@ -27947,7 +28170,7 @@ "firstterm>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19346 +#: book.translate.xml:19454 msgid "" "Two different types of configuration files are used: the system crontab, " "which should not be modified, and user crontabs, which can be created and " @@ -27968,7 +28191,7 @@ "行指令，而在使用者 crontab，會以建立 crontab 的使用者來執行指令。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19357 +#: book.translate.xml:19465 msgid "" "User crontabs allow individual users to schedule their own tasks. The " "root user can also have a user " @@ -27980,14 +28203,14 @@ "安排不在系統 crontab 中的工作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19363 +#: book.translate.xml:19471 msgid "" "Here is a sample entry from the system crontab, /etc/crontab:" msgstr "以下為系統 crontab /etc/crontab 的範例項目：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19366 +#: book.translate.xml:19474 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# /etc/crontab - root's crontab for FreeBSD\n" @@ -28003,7 +28226,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19379 +#: book.translate.xml:19487 msgid "" "Lines that begin with the # character are comments. A " "comment can be placed in the file as a reminder of what and why a desired " @@ -28016,7 +28239,7 @@ "新的一行，空白行則會被忽略掉。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19388 +#: book.translate.xml:19496 msgid "" "The equals (=) character is used to define any " "environment settings. In this example, it is used to define the " @@ -28031,7 +28254,7 @@ "若 PATH 被省略，則必須指定指令或 Script 的完整路徑才能執行。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19399 +#: book.translate.xml:19507 msgid "" "This line defines the seven fields used in a system crontab: " "minute, hour, mday, " @@ -28058,7 +28281,7 @@ "一個使用者來執行指令。最後一個欄位則是要執行的指令。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19418 +#: book.translate.xml:19526 msgid "" "This entry defines the values for this cron job. The */5, " "followed by several more * characters, specifies that " @@ -28072,7 +28295,7 @@ "libexec/atrun。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19426 +#: book.translate.xml:19534 msgid "" "Commands can include any number of switches. However, commands which extend " "to multiple lines need to be broken with the backslash \\ " @@ -28082,25 +28305,25 @@ "字元換行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19434 +#: book.translate.xml:19542 msgid "Creating a User Crontab" msgstr "建立使用者的 Crontab" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19436 +#: book.translate.xml:19544 msgid "" "To create a user crontab, invoke crontab in editor mode:" msgstr "" "要建立一個使用者 crontab 可使用編輯模式執行 crontab：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19439 +#: book.translate.xml:19547 #, no-wrap msgid "% crontab -e" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19441 +#: book.translate.xml:19549 msgid "" "This will open the user's crontab using the default text editor. The first " "time a user runs this command, it will open an empty file. Once a user " @@ -28111,7 +28334,7 @@ "編輯。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19446 +#: book.translate.xml:19554 msgid "" "It is useful to add these lines to the top of the crontab file in order to " "set the environment variables and to remember the meanings of the fields in " @@ -28121,7 +28344,7 @@ "非常有用：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19450 +#: book.translate.xml:19558 #, no-wrap msgid "" "SHELL=/bin/sh\n" @@ -28131,7 +28354,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19455 +#: book.translate.xml:19563 msgid "" "Then add a line for each command or script to run, specifying the time to " "run the command. This example runs the specified custom Bourne shell script " @@ -28143,13 +28366,13 @@ "literal> 指定 Script 的路徑，所以必須給予完整的 Script 路徑：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19462 +#: book.translate.xml:19570 #, no-wrap msgid "0\t14\t*\t*\t*\t/usr/home/dru/bin/mycustomscript.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:19465 +#: book.translate.xml:19573 msgid "" "Before using a custom script, make sure it is executable and test it with " "the limited set of environment variables set by cron. To replicate the " @@ -28159,13 +28382,13 @@ "境變數下測試。要複製一個用來執行上述 cron 項目的環境可以使用：" #. (itstool) path: tip/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19470 +#: book.translate.xml:19578 #, no-wrap msgid "env -i SHELL=/bin/sh PATH=/etc:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin HOME=/home/dru LOGNAME=dru /usr/home/dru/bin/mycustomscript.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:19472 +#: book.translate.xml:19580 msgid "" "The environment set by cron is discussed in " "crontab5cron will read the crontab and run " @@ -28191,7 +28414,7 @@ "job。要列出 crontab 中有那一些 cron job 可以使用此指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19484 +#: book.translate.xml:19592 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% crontab -l\n" @@ -28199,12 +28422,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19487 +#: book.translate.xml:19595 msgid "To remove all of the cron jobs in a user crontab:" msgstr "要移除使用在使用者 crontab 中的 cron job 可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19489 +#: book.translate.xml:19597 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% crontab -r\n" @@ -28212,12 +28435,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:19496 +#: book.translate.xml:19604 msgid "Managing Services in FreeBSD" msgstr "管理 FreeBSD 中的服務" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19509 +#: book.translate.xml:19617 msgid "" "FreeBSD uses the rc8 system of startup " @@ -28239,13 +28462,13 @@ "citerefentry>：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19517 +#: book.translate.xml:19625 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19519 +#: book.translate.xml:19627 msgid "" "This procedure can be used to start services on a running system. Services " "will be started automatically at boot time as specified in " @@ -28262,13 +28485,13 @@ "manvolnum>，可入下行到 /etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19525 +#: book.translate.xml:19633 #, no-wrap msgid "natd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19527 +#: book.translate.xml:19635 msgid "" "If a line is already present, change the " "NO to YES. The " @@ -28282,7 +28505,7 @@ "相依的服務，詳細如下所述。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19533 +#: book.translate.xml:19641 msgid "" "Since the rc8 system is primarily intended to start and stop " @@ -28312,13 +28535,13 @@ "manvolnum> 可執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19549 +#: book.translate.xml:19657 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd onerestart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19551 +#: book.translate.xml:19659 msgid "" "To check if a service is enabled in /etc/rc.conf, run " "the appropriate rc8 是否在 /etc/rc.conf 已經開啟：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19557 +#: book.translate.xml:19665 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service sshd rcvar\n" @@ -28345,7 +28568,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:19564 +#: book.translate.xml:19672 msgid "" "The # sshd line is output from the above command, not a " "root console." @@ -28354,7 +28577,7 @@ "\"username\">root console。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19569 +#: book.translate.xml:19677 msgid "" "To determine whether or not a service is running, use 啟動 Script：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19611 +#: book.translate.xml:19719 msgid "PROVIDE: Specifies the services this file provides." msgstr "PROVIDE: 設定此檔案所提供的服務。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19616 +#: book.translate.xml:19724 msgid "" "The following key words may be included at the top of each startup script. " "They are not strictly necessary, but are useful as hints to " @@ -28464,7 +28687,7 @@ "manvolnum> 是非常有用的提示：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19622 +#: book.translate.xml:19730 msgid "" "REQUIRE: Lists services which are required for this " "service. The script containing this key word will run after之後 才執行。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19629 +#: book.translate.xml:19737 msgid "" "BEFORE: Lists services which depend on this service. The " "script containing this key word will run before the " @@ -28484,7 +28707,7 @@ "指定的服務啟動 之前 執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19636 +#: book.translate.xml:19744 msgid "" "By carefully setting these keywords for each startup script, an " "administrator has a fine-grained level of control of the startup order of " @@ -28496,7 +28719,7 @@ "業系統所使用的 runlevels。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19642 +#: book.translate.xml:19750 msgid "" "Additional information can be found in rc8 and " @@ -28514,19 +28737,19 @@ "refentrytitle>8 Script 的操作說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19648 +#: book.translate.xml:19756 msgid "Managing System-Specific Configuration" msgstr "管理系統特定的設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19650 +#: book.translate.xml:19758 msgid "" "rc files rc.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19655 +#: book.translate.xml:19763 msgid "" "The principal location for system configuration information is /" "etc/rc.conf. This file contains a wide range of configuration " @@ -28539,7 +28762,7 @@ "filename> 檔案使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19662 +#: book.translate.xml:19770 msgid "" "The entries in /etc/rc.conf override the default " "settings in /etc/defaults/rc.conf. The file containing " @@ -28551,7 +28774,7 @@ "系統特定的設定應到 /etc/rc.conf 所修改。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19669 +#: book.translate.xml:19777 msgid "" "A number of strategies may be applied in clustered applications to separate " "site-wide configuration from system-specific configuration in order to " @@ -28566,7 +28789,7 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19678 +#: book.translate.xml:19786 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sshd_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -28575,14 +28798,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19682 +#: book.translate.xml:19790 msgid "" "Whereas these entries in /etc/rc.conf.local apply to " "this system only:" msgstr "而只套用到此系統的設定放在 /etc/rc.conf.local：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19686 +#: book.translate.xml:19794 #, no-wrap msgid "" "hostname=\"node1.example.org\"\n" @@ -28590,7 +28813,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19689 +#: book.translate.xml:19797 msgid "" "Distribute /etc/rc.conf to every system using an " "application such as rsync or puppet/etc/rc.conf.local。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19696 +#: book.translate.xml:19804 msgid "" "Upgrading the system will not overwrite /etc/rc.conf, " "so system configuration information will not be lost." @@ -28610,7 +28833,7 @@ "此遺失。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:19701 +#: book.translate.xml:19809 msgid "" "Both /etc/rc.conf and /etc/rc.conf.local are parsed by sh Marc Fonvieille Contributed by " @@ -28641,12 +28864,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19726 book.translate.xml:19939 +#: book.translate.xml:19834 book.translate.xml:20047 msgid "network cards configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19731 +#: book.translate.xml:19839 msgid "" "Adding and configuring a network interface card (NIC) is " "a common task for any FreeBSD administrator." @@ -28655,17 +28878,17 @@ "NIC) 會是一件常見的工作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19736 +#: book.translate.xml:19844 msgid "Locating the Correct Driver" msgstr "找到正確的驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19738 +#: book.translate.xml:19846 msgid "network cards driver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19743 +#: book.translate.xml:19851 msgid "" "First, determine the model of the NIC and the chip it " "uses. FreeBSD supports a wide variety of NICs. Check the " @@ -28677,7 +28900,7 @@ "支援該 NIC。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19749 +#: book.translate.xml:19857 msgid "" "If the NIC is supported, determine the name of the " "FreeBSD driver for the NIC. Refer to /usr/src/" @@ -28695,7 +28918,7 @@ "驅動程式已知問題的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19759 +#: book.translate.xml:19867 msgid "" "The drivers for common NICs are already present in the " "GENERIC kernel, meaning the NIC " @@ -28714,7 +28937,7 @@ "citerefentry> 驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19768 +#: book.translate.xml:19876 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dc0: <82c169 PNIC 10/100BaseTX> port 0xa000-0xa0ff mem 0xd3800000-0xd38\n" @@ -28734,7 +28957,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19783 +#: book.translate.xml:19891 msgid "" "If the driver for the NIC is not present in " "GENERIC, but a driver is available, the driver will " @@ -28746,7 +28969,7 @@ "驅動程式，有兩種方式可以完成這件事：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19791 +#: book.translate.xml:19899 msgid "" "The easiest way is to load a kernel module for the NIC " "using kldload8NIC " "into a custom kernel. Refer to /usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES, " @@ -28779,7 +29002,7 @@ "編譯核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:19814 +#: book.translate.xml:19922 msgid "" "Using Windows NDIS Drivers" @@ -28788,24 +29011,24 @@ "acronym> 驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19816 +#: book.translate.xml:19924 msgid "NDIS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19819 +#: book.translate.xml:19927 msgid "NDISulator" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19822 +#: book.translate.xml:19930 msgid "" "Windows drivers" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19825 +#: book.translate.xml:19933 msgid "" "Microsoft Windows device " @@ -28813,12 +29036,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19829 +#: book.translate.xml:19937 msgid "KLD (kernel loadable object)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19837 +#: book.translate.xml:19945 msgid "" "Unfortunately, there are still many vendors that do not provide schematics " "for their drivers to the open source community because they regard such " @@ -28835,7 +29058,7 @@ "\">Windows 平台用的驅動程式 Binary。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19846 +#: book.translate.xml:19954 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides native support for the Network Driver " "Interface Specification (NDIS). It includes " @@ -28861,7 +29084,7 @@ "USB 裝置也都有支援。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19856 +#: book.translate.xml:19964 msgid "" "To use ndisgen8, three things are needed:" @@ -28870,12 +29093,12 @@ "manvolnum> 需要三樣東西：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19860 +#: book.translate.xml:19968 msgid "FreeBSD kernel sources." msgstr "FreeBSD 核心原始碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19864 +#: book.translate.xml:19972 msgid "" "A Windows XP driver binary with " "a .SYS extension." @@ -28884,7 +29107,7 @@ "\">Windows XP 驅動程式 Binary。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19869 +#: book.translate.xml:19977 msgid "" "A Windows XP driver " "configuration file with a .INF extension." @@ -28893,7 +29116,7 @@ "\">Windows XP 驅動程式設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19874 +#: book.translate.xml:19982 msgid "" "Download the .SYS and .INF files " "for the specific NIC. Generally, these can be found on " @@ -28906,7 +29129,7 @@ "W32DRIVER.INF。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19881 +#: book.translate.xml:19989 msgid "" "The driver bit width must match the version of FreeBSD. For FreeBSD/i386, " "use a Windows 32-bit driver. For " @@ -28919,7 +29142,7 @@ "64-bit 驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19885 +#: book.translate.xml:19993 msgid "" "The next step is to compile the driver binary into a loadable kernel module. " "As root, use " @@ -28932,13 +29155,13 @@ "manvolnum>：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19890 +#: book.translate.xml:19998 #, no-wrap msgid "# ndisgen /path/to/W32DRIVER.INF /path/to/W32DRIVER.SYS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19892 +#: book.translate.xml:20000 msgid "" "This command is interactive and prompts for any extra information it " "requires. A new kernel module will be generated in the current directory. " @@ -28950,13 +29173,13 @@ "refentrytitle>8 來載入新的模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19897 +#: book.translate.xml:20005 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload ./W32DRIVER_SYS.ko" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19899 +#: book.translate.xml:20007 msgid "" "In addition to the generated kernel module, the ndis.ko " "and if_ndis.ko modules must be loaded. This should " @@ -28971,7 +29194,7 @@ "載入。若沒有自動載入，則需使用以下指令手動載入：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19906 +#: book.translate.xml:20014 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kldload ndis\n" @@ -28979,7 +29202,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19909 +#: book.translate.xml:20017 msgid "" "The first command loads the ndis4 miniport driver " @@ -28990,7 +29213,7 @@ "式，而第二個指令會載入產生的 NIC 驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19913 +#: book.translate.xml:20021 msgid "" "Check dmesg8 to see if there were any load errors. If all went " @@ -29001,7 +29224,7 @@ "下所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19917 +#: book.translate.xml:20025 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ndis0: <Wireless-G PCI Adapter> mem 0xf4100000-0xf4101fff irq 3 at device 8.0 on pci1\n" @@ -29012,7 +29235,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19923 +#: book.translate.xml:20031 msgid "" "From here, ndis0 can be configured like any other " "NIC." @@ -29021,7 +29244,7 @@ "定使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:19926 +#: book.translate.xml:20034 msgid "" "To configure the system to load the ndis4 modules at boot time, " @@ -29035,18 +29258,18 @@ "然後加入下行到 /boot/loader.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19932 +#: book.translate.xml:20040 #, no-wrap msgid "W32DRIVER_SYS_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19937 +#: book.translate.xml:20045 msgid "Configuring the Network Card" msgstr "設定網路卡" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19944 +#: book.translate.xml:20052 msgid "" "Once the right driver is loaded for the NIC, the card " "needs to be configured. It may have been configured at installation time by " @@ -29058,14 +29281,14 @@ "refentrytitle>8 設定過了。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19949 +#: book.translate.xml:20057 msgid "" "To display the NIC configuration, enter the following " "command:" msgstr "要查看 NIC 設定可輸入以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19952 +#: book.translate.xml:20060 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ifconfig\n" @@ -29090,27 +29313,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19972 +#: book.translate.xml:20080 msgid "In this example, the following devices were displayed:" msgstr "在這個例子中列出了以下裝置：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19977 +#: book.translate.xml:20085 msgid "dc0: The first Ethernet interface." msgstr "dc0: 第一個乙太網路介面。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19982 +#: book.translate.xml:20090 msgid "dc1: The second Ethernet interface." msgstr "dc1: 第二個乙太網路介面。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19987 +#: book.translate.xml:20095 msgid "lo0: The loopback device." msgstr "lo0: Loopback 裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19992 +#: book.translate.xml:20100 msgid "" "FreeBSD uses the driver name followed by the order in which the card is " "detected at boot to name the NIC. For example, " @@ -29124,19 +29347,19 @@ "citerefentry> 驅動程式的第三個 NIC。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19999 +#: book.translate.xml:20107 msgid "" "In this example, dc0 is up and running. The key " "indicators are:" msgstr "在此例中，dc0 已經上線並且執行中。主要的依據有：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20004 +#: book.translate.xml:20112 msgid "UP means that the card is configured and ready." msgstr "UP 代表介面卡已設定好並且準備就緒。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20009 +#: book.translate.xml:20117 msgid "" "The card has an Internet (inet) address, 192.168.1.3." @@ -29145,7 +29368,7 @@ "\"ipaddress\">192.168.1.3。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20014 +#: book.translate.xml:20122 msgid "" "It has a valid subnet mask (netmask), where 0xffffff00 is the same as 255.255.255.0。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20021 +#: book.translate.xml:20129 msgid "" "It has a valid broadcast address, 192.168.1.255." @@ -29165,7 +29388,7 @@ "systemitem>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20025 +#: book.translate.xml:20133 msgid "" "The MAC address of the card (ether) is " "00:a0:cc:da:da:da." @@ -29174,7 +29397,7 @@ "00:a0:cc:da:da:da。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20030 +#: book.translate.xml:20138 msgid "" "The physical media selection is on autoselection mode (media: " "Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)). In this " @@ -29188,7 +29411,7 @@ "請參考操作手冊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20040 +#: book.translate.xml:20148 msgid "" "The status of the link (status) is active, indicating that the carrier signal is detected. For dc1status: no carrier 是正常的。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20049 +#: book.translate.xml:20157 msgid "" "If the ifconfig8 output had shown something similar to:" @@ -29209,7 +29432,7 @@ "manvolnum> 的輸出結果如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20052 +#: book.translate.xml:20160 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dc0: flags=8843<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n" @@ -29220,12 +29443,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20058 +#: book.translate.xml:20166 msgid "it would indicate the card has not been configured." msgstr "則代表尚未設定介面卡。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20060 +#: book.translate.xml:20168 msgid "" "The card must be configured as root. The NIC configuration can be performed from " @@ -29243,19 +29466,19 @@ "器，則只需加入此行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20069 +#: book.translate.xml:20177 #, no-wrap msgid "ifconfig_dc0=\"DHCP\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20071 +#: book.translate.xml:20179 msgid "" "Replace dc0 with the correct value for the system." msgstr "替換 dc0 為該系統的正確值。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20074 +#: book.translate.xml:20182 msgid "" "The line added, then, follow the instructions given in ." @@ -29263,17 +29486,17 @@ "加入這行之後，接著依據 指示操作。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:20078 +#: book.translate.xml:20186 msgid "" "If the network was configured during installation, some entries for the " "NIC(s) may be already present. Double check /" "etc/rc.conf before adding any lines." msgstr "" "若網路在安裝時已設定，可能會已經有 NIC 的設定項目。在加入" -"任何設定前請再次檢查 /etc/rc.conf。 " +"任何設定前請再次檢查 /etc/rc.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20084 +#: book.translate.xml:20192 msgid "" "In the case, there is no DHCP server, the NIC(s) have to be configured manually. Add a line for each " @@ -29283,7 +29506,7 @@ "acronym>。提每一個在系統上的 NIC 加入一行設定，如此例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20089 +#: book.translate.xml:20197 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ifconfig_dc0=\"inet 192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n" @@ -29291,7 +29514,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20092 +#: book.translate.xml:20200 msgid "" "Replace dc0 and dc1 and the " "IP address information with the correct values for the " @@ -29309,7 +29532,7 @@ "及 /etc/rc.conf 的語法。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20099 +#: book.translate.xml:20207 msgid "" "If the network is not using DNS, edit /etc/" "hosts to add the names and IP addresses of the " @@ -29325,7 +29548,7 @@ "share/examples/etc/hosts。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:20107 +#: book.translate.xml:20215 msgid "" "If there is no DHCP server and access to the Internet is " "needed, manually configure the default gateway and the nameserver:" @@ -29334,7 +29557,7 @@ "閘道及名稱伺服器：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20111 +#: book.translate.xml:20219 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# echo 'defaultrouter=\"your_default_router\"' >> /etc/rc.conf\n" @@ -29342,12 +29565,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20117 +#: book.translate.xml:20225 msgid "Testing and Troubleshooting" msgstr "測試與疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20119 +#: book.translate.xml:20227 msgid "" "Once the necessary changes to /etc/rc.conf are saved, a " "reboot can be used to test the network configuration and to verify that the " @@ -29360,13 +29583,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20126 book.translate.xml:61428 +#: book.translate.xml:20234 book.translate.xml:62462 #, no-wrap msgid "# service netif restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:20129 +#: book.translate.xml:20237 msgid "" "If a default gateway has been set in /etc/rc.conf, also " "issue this command:" @@ -29374,30 +29597,30 @@ "若預設的通訊閘已設定於 /etc/rc.conf 也同樣要下這個指令：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20133 +#: book.translate.xml:20241 #, no-wrap msgid "# service routing restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20136 +#: book.translate.xml:20244 msgid "" "Once the networking system has been relaunched, test the NICs." msgstr "網路系統重新啟動後，便可接著測試 NIC。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20140 +#: book.translate.xml:20248 msgid "Testing the Ethernet Card" msgstr "測試乙太網路卡" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20142 +#: book.translate.xml:20250 msgid "network cards testing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20147 +#: book.translate.xml:20255 msgid "" "To verify that an Ethernet card is configured correctly, " "ping8 其他於 LAN 上的主機：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20151 +#: book.translate.xml:20259 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ping -c5 192.168.1.3\n" @@ -29428,7 +29651,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20163 +#: book.translate.xml:20271 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ping -c5 192.168.1.2\n" @@ -29445,7 +29668,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20175 +#: book.translate.xml:20283 msgid "" "To test network resolution, use the host name instead of the IP address. If there is no DNS server on the " @@ -29465,12 +29688,12 @@ "citerefentry> 及 /usr/share/examples/etc/hosts。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20190 +#: book.translate.xml:20298 msgid "network cards troubleshooting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20195 +#: book.translate.xml:20303 msgid "" "When troubleshooting hardware and software configurations, check the simple " "things first. Is the network cable plugged in? Are the network services " @@ -29485,7 +29708,7 @@ "STABLE 版本、檢查郵遞論壇封存記錄以及上網查詢。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20204 +#: book.translate.xml:20312 msgid "" "If the card works, yet performance is poor, read through " "tuning7device timeout " "messages, which is normal for some cards. If they continue, or are " @@ -29509,7 +29732,7 @@ "次檢查網路線，或考慮使用其他介面卡。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20216 +#: book.translate.xml:20324 msgid "" "To resolve watchdog timeout errors, first check the " "network cable. Many cards require a PCI slot which " @@ -29523,7 +29746,7 @@ "NIC 以及主機板說明文件來確定是否為此問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20225 +#: book.translate.xml:20333 msgid "" "No route to host messages occur if the system is " "unable to route a packet to the destination host. This can happen if no " @@ -29537,7 +29760,7 @@ "有，請閱讀 。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20233 +#: book.translate.xml:20341 msgid "" "ping: sendto: Permission denied error messages are " "often caused by a misconfigured firewall. If a firewall is enabled on " @@ -29553,7 +29776,7 @@ "\"firewalls\"/> 取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20240 +#: book.translate.xml:20348 msgid "" "Sometimes performance of the card is poor or below average. In these cases, " "try setting the media selection mode from autoselect to " @@ -29569,22 +29792,22 @@ "citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:20252 +#: book.translate.xml:20360 msgid "Virtual Hosts" msgstr "虛擬主機" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20254 +#: book.translate.xml:20362 msgid "virtual hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20255 +#: book.translate.xml:20363 msgid "IP aliases" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20258 +#: book.translate.xml:20366 msgid "" "A common use of FreeBSD is virtual site hosting, where one server appears to " "the network as many servers. This is achieved by assigning multiple network " @@ -29594,7 +29817,7 @@ "器，這可以透過指定多個網路位置到一個網路介面來做到。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20263 +#: book.translate.xml:20371 msgid "" "A given network interface has one real address, and may have " "any number of alias addresses. These aliases are normally " @@ -29606,13 +29829,13 @@ "名項目來增加別名，如下例：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20269 +#: book.translate.xml:20377 #, no-wrap msgid "ifconfig_fxp0_alias0=\"inet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20271 +#: book.translate.xml:20379 msgid "" "Alias entries must start with alias0 using a sequential number such as alias0, " @@ -29624,7 +29847,7 @@ "推，設定程序會在第一個遇到缺號的地方中止。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20278 +#: book.translate.xml:20386 msgid "" "The calculation of alias netmasks is important. For a given interface, there " "must be one address which correctly represents the network's netmask. Any " @@ -29639,7 +29862,7 @@ "0xffffffff 來表示。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20286 +#: book.translate.xml:20394 msgid "" "For example, consider the case where the fxp0 interface " "is connected to two networks: 10.1.1.0/etc/rc.conf entries configure the " "adapter correctly for this scenario:" @@ -29683,7 +29906,7 @@ "目：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20311 +#: book.translate.xml:20419 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ifconfig_fxp0=\"inet 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n" @@ -29698,7 +29921,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20321 +#: book.translate.xml:20429 msgid "" "A simpler way to express this is with a space-separated list of IP address ranges. The first address will be given the indicated " @@ -29710,43 +29933,43 @@ "255.255.255.255 的子網路遮罩。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20327 +#: book.translate.xml:20435 #, no-wrap msgid "ifconfig_fxp0_aliases=\"inet 10.1.1.1-5/24 inet 202.0.75.17-20/28\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:20332 +#: book.translate.xml:20440 msgid "Configuring System Logging" msgstr "設定系統日誌" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:20335 +#: book.translate.xml:20443 msgid "" " Niclas Zeising Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20345 +#: book.translate.xml:20453 msgid "system logging" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20348 book.translate.xml:56151 +#: book.translate.xml:20456 book.translate.xml:56579 msgid "syslog" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20351 +#: book.translate.xml:20459 msgid "" "syslogd8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20355 +#: book.translate.xml:20463 msgid "" "Generating and reading system logs is an important aspect of system " "administration. The information in system logs can be used to detect " @@ -29761,7 +29984,7 @@ "生日誌項目。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20363 +#: book.translate.xml:20471 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides a system logger, syslogd, to " "manage logging. By default, syslogd is started " @@ -29781,7 +30004,7 @@ "manvolnum> 來取得更多可用參數的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20374 +#: book.translate.xml:20482 msgid "" "This section describes how to configure the FreeBSD system logger for both " "local and remote logging and how to perform log rotation and log management." @@ -29790,17 +30013,17 @@ "誌翻轉 (Log rotation) 與日誌管理。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20379 +#: book.translate.xml:20487 msgid "Configuring Local Logging" msgstr "設定本地日誌" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20381 +#: book.translate.xml:20489 msgid "syslog.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20383 +#: book.translate.xml:20491 msgid "" "The configuration file, /etc/syslog.conf, controls what " "syslogd does with log entries as they are " @@ -29821,7 +30044,7 @@ "名稱來決定後續處置的動作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20398 +#: book.translate.xml:20506 msgid "" "This configuration file contains one line per action, where the syntax for " "each line is a selector field followed by an action field. The syntax of the " @@ -29845,7 +30068,7 @@ "以下為 FreeBSD 預設的 syslog.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20413 +#: book.translate.xml:20521 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# <_:phrase-1/>\n" @@ -29886,12 +30109,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20449 +#: book.translate.xml:20557 msgid "In this example:" msgstr "在這個範例中：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20453 +#: book.translate.xml:20561 msgid "" "Line 8 matches all messages with a level of err or " "higher, as well as kern.warning, auth.notice/dev/console)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20463 +#: book.translate.xml:20571 msgid "" "Line 12 matches all messages from the mail facility at " "level info or above and logs the messages to /" @@ -29915,7 +30138,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20470 +#: book.translate.xml:20578 msgid "" "Line 17 uses a comparison flag (=) to only match messages " "at level debug and logs them to /var/log/debug." @@ -29925,7 +30148,7 @@ "literal> 層級的訊息，並將訊息記錄至 /var/log/debug.log。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20477 +#: book.translate.xml:20585 msgid "" "Line 33 is an example usage of a program specification. This makes the rules " "following it only valid for the specified program. In this case, only the " @@ -29937,7 +30160,7 @@ "/var/log/ppp.log。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20485 +#: book.translate.xml:20593 msgid "" "The available levels, in order from most to least critical are " "emerg, alert, crit, " @@ -29950,7 +30173,7 @@ "literal> 以及 debug。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20492 +#: book.translate.xml:20600 msgid "" "The facilities, in no particular order, are auth, " "authpriv, console, cronnotice and higher to " "/var/log/daemon.log, add the following entry:" @@ -29980,13 +30203,13 @@ "log/daemon.log 可加入以下項目：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20508 +#: book.translate.xml:20616 #, no-wrap msgid "daemon.notice /var/log/daemon.log" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20510 +#: book.translate.xml:20618 msgid "" "For more information about the different levels and facilities, refer to " "syslog3。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20518 +#: book.translate.xml:20626 msgid "Log Management and Rotation" msgstr "日誌管理與翻轉" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20520 +#: book.translate.xml:20628 msgid "newsyslog" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20521 +#: book.translate.xml:20629 msgid "newsyslog.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20522 +#: book.translate.xml:20630 msgid "log rotation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20523 +#: book.translate.xml:20631 msgid "log management" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20525 +#: book.translate.xml:20633 msgid "" "Log files can grow quickly, taking up disk space and making it more " "difficult to locate useful information. Log management attempts to mitigate " @@ -30055,7 +30278,7 @@ "次。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20538 +#: book.translate.xml:20646 msgid "" "To know which actions to take, newsyslog reads " "its configuration file, /etc/newsyslog.conf. This file " @@ -30072,7 +30295,7 @@ "知的程式。以下為 FreeBSD 的預設設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20548 +#: book.translate.xml:20656 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# configuration file for newsyslog\n" @@ -30117,7 +30340,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20588 +#: book.translate.xml:20696 msgid "" "Each line starts with the name of the log to be rotated, optionally followed " "by an owner and group for both rotated and newly created files. The " @@ -30146,7 +30369,7 @@ "信號 (Signal) 編號。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20606 +#: book.translate.xml:20714 msgid "" "For more information on all fields, valid flags, and how to specify the " "rotation time, refer to newsyslog.confsyslogd and " @@ -30192,12 +30415,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20645 +#: book.translate.xml:20753 msgid "Log Server Configuration" msgstr "日誌伺服器設定" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20647 +#: book.translate.xml:20755 msgid "" "A log server is a system that has been configured to accept logging " "information from other hosts. Before configuring a log server, check the " @@ -30205,7 +30428,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20653 +#: book.translate.xml:20761 msgid "" "If there is a firewall between the logging server and any logging clients, " "ensure that the firewall ruleset allows UDP port 514 for " @@ -30213,7 +30436,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20660 +#: book.translate.xml:20768 msgid "" "The logging server and all client machines must have forward and reverse " "entries in the local DNS. If the network does not have a " @@ -30223,7 +30446,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20670 +#: book.translate.xml:20778 msgid "" "On the log server, edit /etc/syslog.conf to specify the " "name of the client to receive log entries from, the logging facility to be " @@ -30233,12 +30456,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:20680 +#: book.translate.xml:20788 msgid "Sample Log Server Configuration" msgstr "日誌伺服器設定範例" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20682 +#: book.translate.xml:20790 #, no-wrap msgid "" "+logclient.example.com\n" @@ -30246,7 +30469,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20686 +#: book.translate.xml:20794 msgid "" "When adding multiple log clients, add a similar two-line entry for each " "client. More information about the available facilities may be found in " @@ -30255,12 +30478,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20690 +#: book.translate.xml:20798 msgid "Next, configure /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20693 +#: book.translate.xml:20801 #, no-wrap msgid "" "syslogd_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -30268,7 +30491,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20696 +#: book.translate.xml:20804 msgid "" "The first entry starts syslogd at system boot. " "The second entry allows log entries from the specified client. The options may be specified to allow logging from " "multiple clients. IP addresses and whole netblocks may " @@ -30288,25 +30511,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20710 +#: book.translate.xml:20818 msgid "Finally, create the log file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20712 +#: book.translate.xml:20820 #, no-wrap msgid "# touch /var/log/logclient.log" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20714 +#: book.translate.xml:20822 msgid "" "At this point, syslogd should be restarted and " "verified:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20717 +#: book.translate.xml:20825 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service syslogd restart\n" @@ -30314,7 +30537,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20720 +#: book.translate.xml:20828 msgid "" "If a PID is returned, the server restarted successfully, " "and client configuration can begin. If the server did not restart, consult " @@ -30322,26 +30545,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20727 +#: book.translate.xml:20835 msgid "Log Client Configuration" msgstr "日誌客戶端設定" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20729 +#: book.translate.xml:20837 msgid "" "A logging client sends log entries to a logging server on the network. The " "client also keeps a local copy of its own logs." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20733 +#: book.translate.xml:20841 msgid "" "Once a logging server has been configured, edit /etc/rc.conf on the logging client:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20737 +#: book.translate.xml:20845 #, no-wrap msgid "" "syslogd_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -30349,7 +30572,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20740 +#: book.translate.xml:20848 msgid "" "The first entry enables syslogd on boot up. The " "second entry prevents logs from being accepted by this client from other " @@ -30357,7 +30580,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20746 +#: book.translate.xml:20854 msgid "" "Next, define the logging server in the client's /etc/syslog.conf. In this example, all logged facilities are sent to a remote " @@ -30366,26 +30589,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20752 +#: book.translate.xml:20860 #, no-wrap msgid "*.*\t\t@logserv.example.com" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20754 +#: book.translate.xml:20862 msgid "" "After saving the edit, restart syslogd for the " "changes to take effect:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20758 book.translate.xml:20802 +#: book.translate.xml:20866 book.translate.xml:20910 #, no-wrap msgid "# service syslogd restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20760 +#: book.translate.xml:20868 msgid "" "To test that log messages are being sent across the network, use " "logger1# logger \"Test message from logclient\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20766 +#: book.translate.xml:20874 msgid "" "This message should now exist both in /var/log/messages " "on the client and /var/log/logclient.log on the log " @@ -30408,12 +30631,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20773 +#: book.translate.xml:20881 msgid "Debugging Log Servers" msgstr "日誌伺服器除錯" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20775 +#: book.translate.xml:20883 msgid "" "If no messages are being received on the log server, the cause is most " "likely a network connectivity issue, a hostname resolution issue, or a typo " @@ -30427,7 +30650,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20789 +#: book.translate.xml:20897 msgid "" "If the ping succeeds on both hosts but log messages are " "still not being received, temporarily increase logging verbosity to narrow " @@ -30439,20 +30662,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20800 +#: book.translate.xml:20908 #, no-wrap msgid "syslogd_flags=\"-d -a logclient.example.com -v -v\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20804 +#: book.translate.xml:20912 msgid "" "Debugging data similar to the following will flash on the console " "immediately after the restart:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20807 +#: book.translate.xml:20915 #, no-wrap msgid "" "logmsg: pri 56, flags 4, from logserv.example.com, msg syslogd: restart\n" @@ -30466,7 +30689,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20816 +#: book.translate.xml:20924 msgid "" "In this example, the log messages are being rejected due to a typo which " "results in a hostname mismatch. The client's hostname should be " @@ -30475,7 +30698,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20822 +#: book.translate.xml:20930 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service syslogd restart\n" @@ -30494,7 +30717,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20836 +#: book.translate.xml:20944 msgid "" "At this point, the messages are being properly received and placed in the " "correct file." @@ -30502,12 +30725,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect3/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20841 book.translate.xml:52907 +#: book.translate.xml:20949 book.translate.xml:53147 msgid "Security Considerations" msgstr "安全注意事項" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20843 +#: book.translate.xml:20951 msgid "" "As with any network service, security requirements should be considered " "before implementing a logging server. Log files may contain sensitive data " @@ -30519,7 +30742,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20853 +#: book.translate.xml:20961 msgid "" "Local security is also an issue. Log files are not encrypted during use or " "after log rotation. Local users may access log files to gain additional " @@ -30533,44 +30756,44 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20871 +#: book.translate.xml:20979 msgid "/etc Layout" msgstr "/etc 配置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20874 +#: book.translate.xml:20982 msgid "" "There are a number of directories in which configuration information is " "kept. These include:" msgstr "有數個目錄中儲存著設定資訊，這些目錄有：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20884 +#: book.translate.xml:20992 msgid "/etc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20885 +#: book.translate.xml:20993 msgid "Generic system-specific configuration information." msgstr "通用系統特定的設定資訊。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20890 +#: book.translate.xml:20998 msgid "/etc/defaults" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20891 +#: book.translate.xml:20999 msgid "Default versions of system configuration files." msgstr "系統設定檔的預設版本。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20896 +#: book.translate.xml:21004 msgid "/etc/mail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20897 +#: book.translate.xml:21005 msgid "" "Extra sendmail8 configuration and other MTA " @@ -30580,34 +30803,34 @@ "manvolnum> 額外的設定以及其他 MTA 設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20902 +#: book.translate.xml:21010 msgid "/etc/ppp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20903 +#: book.translate.xml:21011 msgid "Configuration for both user- and kernel-ppp programs." msgstr "user- 及 kernel-ppp 程式的設定。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20908 +#: book.translate.xml:21016 msgid "/usr/local/etc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20909 +#: book.translate.xml:21017 msgid "" "Configuration files for installed applications. May contain per-application " "subdirectories." msgstr "已安裝應用程式的設定檔，可能會有以應用程式區分的子目錄。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20914 +#: book.translate.xml:21022 msgid "/usr/local/etc/rc.d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20915 +#: book.translate.xml:21023 msgid "" "rc8 scripts for installed applications." @@ -30616,12 +30839,12 @@ "refentrytitle>8 Script。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20920 +#: book.translate.xml:21028 msgid "/var/db" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20921 +#: book.translate.xml:21029 msgid "" "Automatically generated system-specific database files, such as the package " "database and the locate 資料庫。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20931 +#: book.translate.xml:21039 msgid "Hostnames" msgstr "主機名稱" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20933 +#: book.translate.xml:21041 msgid "hostname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20934 book.translate.xml:49560 book.translate.xml:50662 -#: book.translate.xml:51548 book.translate.xml:55393 +#: book.translate.xml:21042 book.translate.xml:49800 book.translate.xml:50902 +#: book.translate.xml:51788 book.translate.xml:55821 msgid "DNS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20937 +#: book.translate.xml:21045 msgid "/etc/resolv.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20939 +#: book.translate.xml:21047 msgid "resolv.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20943 +#: book.translate.xml:21051 msgid "" "How a FreeBSD system accesses the Internet Domain Name System (DNS) is controlled by resolv.conf5 來控制。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20947 +#: book.translate.xml:21055 msgid "The most common entries to /etc/resolv.conf are:" msgstr "/etc/resolv.conf 中最常用的項目為：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20957 +#: book.translate.xml:21065 msgid "nameserver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20958 +#: book.translate.xml:21066 msgid "" "The IP address of a name server the resolver should " "query. The servers are queried in the order listed with a maximum of three." @@ -30689,34 +30912,34 @@ "會依所列的順序來查詢，最多可以有三個。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20965 +#: book.translate.xml:21073 msgid "search" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20966 +#: book.translate.xml:21074 msgid "" "Search list for hostname lookup. This is normally determined by the domain " "of the local hostname." msgstr "主機名稱查詢使用的搜尋清單。這通常會使用本機主機名稱所在的網域。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20972 +#: book.translate.xml:21080 msgid "domain" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:20973 +#: book.translate.xml:21081 msgid "The local domain name." msgstr "本地網域名稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20979 +#: book.translate.xml:21087 msgid "A typical /etc/resolv.conf looks like this:" msgstr "典型的 /etc/resolv.conf 會如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20982 +#: book.translate.xml:21090 #, no-wrap msgid "" "search example.com\n" @@ -30725,7 +30948,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:20987 +#: book.translate.xml:21095 msgid "" "Only one of the search and domain " "options should be used." @@ -30733,7 +30956,7 @@ "search 與 domain 選項應擇一使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20991 +#: book.translate.xml:21099 msgid "" "When using DHCP, dhclient8 usually rewrites " @@ -30746,17 +30969,17 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20998 +#: book.translate.xml:21106 msgid "/etc/hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21000 +#: book.translate.xml:21108 msgid "hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21002 +#: book.translate.xml:21110 msgid "" "/etc/hosts is a simple text database which works in " "conjunction with DNS and NIS to " @@ -30777,7 +31000,7 @@ "用名稱向外部 DNS 伺服器查詢的需求。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21015 +#: book.translate.xml:21123 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# <_:phrase-1/>\n" @@ -30815,29 +31038,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21048 +#: book.translate.xml:21156 msgid "The format of /etc/hosts is as follows:" msgstr "/etc/hosts 的格式如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21051 +#: book.translate.xml:21159 #, no-wrap msgid "[Internet address] [official hostname] [alias1] [alias2] ..." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21053 +#: book.translate.xml:21161 msgid "For example:" msgstr "例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21055 +#: book.translate.xml:21163 #, no-wrap msgid "10.0.0.1 myRealHostname.example.com myRealHostname foobar1 foobar2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21057 +#: book.translate.xml:21165 msgid "" "Consult hosts5 for more information." @@ -30846,7 +31069,7 @@ "manvolnum> 取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:21063 +#: book.translate.xml:21171 msgid "" "Tuning with sysctl8" @@ -30856,17 +31079,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21065 book.translate.xml:21110 +#: book.translate.xml:21173 book.translate.xml:21218 msgid "sysctl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21066 +#: book.translate.xml:21174 msgid "tuning with sysctl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21071 +#: book.translate.xml:21179 msgid "" "sysctl8 is used to make changes to a running FreeBSD system. This " @@ -30883,7 +31106,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8 來讀取與設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21078 +#: book.translate.xml:21186 msgid "" "At its core, sysctl8 serves two functions: " @@ -30893,23 +31116,23 @@ "citerefentry> 主要提供兩個功能：讀取與修改系統設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21081 +#: book.translate.xml:21189 msgid "To view all readable variables:" msgstr "檢視所有可讀取的變數：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21083 +#: book.translate.xml:21191 #, no-wrap msgid "% sysctl -a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21085 +#: book.translate.xml:21193 msgid "To read a particular variable, specify its name:" msgstr "要讀取特定變數只要指定其名稱：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21087 +#: book.translate.xml:21195 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% sysctl kern.maxproc\n" @@ -30917,7 +31140,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21090 +#: book.translate.xml:21198 msgid "" "To set a particular variable, use the variable=value syntax:" @@ -30926,7 +31149,7 @@ "replaceable> 語法：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21094 +#: book.translate.xml:21202 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000\n" @@ -30934,7 +31157,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21097 +#: book.translate.xml:21205 msgid "" "Settings of sysctl variables are usually either strings, numbers, or " "booleans, where a boolean is 1 for yes or 00 代表否。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21101 +#: book.translate.xml:21209 msgid "" "To automatically set some variables each time the machine boots, add them to " "/etc/sysctl.conf. For more information, refer to " @@ -30957,17 +31180,17 @@ "\"configtuning-sysctlconf\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21107 +#: book.translate.xml:21215 msgid "sysctl.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21109 +#: book.translate.xml:21217 msgid "sysctl.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21112 +#: book.translate.xml:21220 msgid "" "The configuration file for sysctl8, /etc/sysctl." @@ -30983,7 +31206,7 @@ "此模式設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21119 +#: book.translate.xml:21227 msgid "" "For example, to turn off logging of fatal signal exits and prevent users " "from seeing processes started by other users, the following tunables can be " @@ -30993,7 +31216,7 @@ "行的程序，可加入以下設定到 /etc/sysctl.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21124 +#: book.translate.xml:21232 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Do not log fatal signal exits (e.g., sig 11)\n" @@ -31005,7 +31228,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:21134 +#: book.translate.xml:21242 msgid "" "sysctl8 Read-only" @@ -31014,7 +31237,7 @@ "manvolnum>" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21147 +#: book.translate.xml:21255 msgid "" "In some cases it may be desirable to modify read-only " "sysctl8cardbus4sysctl84 應可正常運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:21167 +#: book.translate.xml:21275 msgid "Tuning Disks" msgstr "調校磁碟" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21169 +#: book.translate.xml:21277 msgid "" "The following section will discuss various tuning mechanisms and options " "which may be applied to disk devices. In many cases, disks with mechanical " @@ -31089,22 +31312,22 @@ "IO 相關的有用資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21183 +#: book.translate.xml:21291 msgid "Sysctl Variables" msgstr "Sysctl 變數" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21186 +#: book.translate.xml:21294 msgid "vfs.vmiodirenable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21188 +#: book.translate.xml:21296 msgid "vfs.vmiodirenable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21192 +#: book.translate.xml:21300 msgid "" "The vfs.vmiodirenable " "sysctl8vfs.write_behind" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21220 +#: book.translate.xml:21328 msgid "vfs.write_behind" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21224 +#: book.translate.xml:21332 msgid "" "The vfs.write_behind sysctl8 variable defaults to " @@ -31150,17 +31373,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21236 +#: book.translate.xml:21344 msgid "vfs.hirunningspace" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21238 +#: book.translate.xml:21346 msgid "vfs.hirunningspace" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21242 +#: book.translate.xml:21350 msgid "" "The vfs.hirunningspace " "sysctl8VM page cache " "related sysctl8vm.swap_idle_enabled" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21263 +#: book.translate.xml:21371 msgid "vm.swap_idle_enabled" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21267 +#: book.translate.xml:21375 msgid "" "The vm.swap_idle_enabled " "sysctl8hw.ata.wc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21290 +#: book.translate.xml:21398 msgid "hw.ata.wc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21294 +#: book.translate.xml:21402 msgid "" "Turning off IDE write caching reduces write bandwidth to " "IDE disks, but may sometimes be necessary due to data " @@ -31242,24 +31465,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21312 +#: book.translate.xml:21420 msgid "" "For more information, refer to ata4." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21316 +#: book.translate.xml:21424 msgid "SCSI_DELAY (kern.cam.scsi_delay)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21319 +#: book.translate.xml:21427 msgid "kern.cam.scsi_delay" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21323 +#: book.translate.xml:21431 msgid "" "kernel options SCSI DELAY" @@ -31268,7 +31491,7 @@ "secondary>" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21328 +#: book.translate.xml:21436 msgid "" "The SCSI_DELAY kernel configuration option may be used to " "reduce system boot times. The defaults are fairly high and can be " @@ -31281,24 +31504,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21344 +#: book.translate.xml:21452 msgid "Soft Updates" msgstr "軟更新" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21346 +#: book.translate.xml:21454 msgid "Soft Updates" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21347 +#: book.translate.xml:21455 msgid "" "tunefs8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21349 +#: book.translate.xml:21457 msgid "" "To fine-tune a file system, use tunefs8. This program has many " @@ -31306,7 +31529,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21353 +#: book.translate.xml:21461 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# tunefs -n enable /filesystem\n" @@ -31314,7 +31537,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21356 +#: book.translate.xml:21464 msgid "" "A file system cannot be modified with tunefs8 while it is mounted. A " @@ -31323,7 +31546,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21360 +#: book.translate.xml:21468 msgid "" "Soft Updates is recommended for UFS file systems as it " "drastically improves meta-data performance, mainly file creation and " @@ -31338,17 +31561,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21374 +#: book.translate.xml:21482 msgid "More Details About Soft Updates" msgstr "有關軟更新的更多詳細資訊" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21376 +#: book.translate.xml:21484 msgid "Soft Updates details" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21381 +#: book.translate.xml:21489 msgid "" "Meta-data updates are updates to non-content data like inodes or " "directories. There are two traditional approaches to writing a file system's " @@ -31356,7 +31579,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21385 +#: book.translate.xml:21493 msgid "" "Historically, the default behavior was to write out meta-data updates " "synchronously. If a directory changed, the system waited until the change " @@ -31379,7 +31602,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21408 +#: book.translate.xml:21516 msgid "" "The second approach is to use asynchronous meta-data updates. This is the " "default for a UFS file system mounted with mount " @@ -31405,7 +31628,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21435 +#: book.translate.xml:21543 msgid "" "The usual solution for this problem is to implement dirty region " "logging, which is also referred to as journalingFFS, solved this " "problem with Soft Updates. All pending meta-data updates are kept in memory " @@ -31464,7 +31687,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21492 +#: book.translate.xml:21600 msgid "" "The advantage is that meta-data operations are nearly as fast as " "asynchronous updates and are faster than logging, which " @@ -31484,32 +31707,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:21514 +#: book.translate.xml:21622 msgid "Tuning Kernel Limits" msgstr "調校核心限制" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21516 +#: book.translate.xml:21624 msgid "tuning kernel limits" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21522 +#: book.translate.xml:21630 msgid "File/Process Limits" msgstr "檔案/程序限制" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21525 +#: book.translate.xml:21633 msgid "kern.maxfiles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21527 +#: book.translate.xml:21635 msgid "kern.maxfiles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21531 +#: book.translate.xml:21639 msgid "" "The kern.maxfiles sysctl8 variable can be raised " @@ -31522,7 +31745,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21539 +#: book.translate.xml:21647 msgid "" "Each open file, socket, or fifo uses one file descriptor. A large-scale " "production server may easily require many thousands of file descriptors, " @@ -31530,7 +31753,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21544 +#: book.translate.xml:21652 msgid "" "In older FreeBSD releases, the default value of kern.maxfiles is derived from in the kernel " @@ -31543,7 +31766,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21556 +#: book.translate.xml:21664 msgid "" "The read-only sysctl8 variable kern." @@ -31562,7 +31785,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: footnote/para -#: book.translate.xml:21578 +#: book.translate.xml:21686 msgid "" "The auto-tuning algorithm sets maxusers equal to the " "amount of memory in the system, with a minimum of 32, and " @@ -31570,7 +31793,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21575 +#: book.translate.xml:21683 msgid "" "In older releases, the system will auto-tune maxusers if " "it is set to 0. <_:footnote-1/>. When setting this " @@ -31593,7 +31816,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:21607 +#: book.translate.xml:21715 msgid "" "maxusers does not limit the number " "of users which can log into the machine. It instead sets various table sizes " @@ -31602,17 +31825,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21617 +#: book.translate.xml:21725 msgid "kern.ipc.soacceptqueue" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21619 +#: book.translate.xml:21727 msgid "kern.ipc.soacceptqueue" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21623 +#: book.translate.xml:21731 msgid "" "The kern.ipc.soacceptqueue " "sysctl8NMBCLUSTERS kernel configuration option dictates the " "amount of network Mbufs available to the system. A heavily-trafficked server " @@ -31656,7 +31879,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21666 +#: book.translate.xml:21774 msgid "" "The kern.ipc.nmbclusters loader tunable should be used to " "tune this at boot time. Only older versions of FreeBSD will require the use " @@ -31666,7 +31889,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21672 +#: book.translate.xml:21780 msgid "" "For busy servers that make extensive use of the " "sendfile2sendfile2net.inet.ip.portrange.*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21696 +#: book.translate.xml:21804 msgid "net.inet.ip.portrange.*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21700 +#: book.translate.xml:21808 msgid "" "The net.inet.ip.portrange.* " "sysctl8TCP Bandwidth Delay Product" msgstr "TCP 頻寬延遲乘積" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21733 +#: book.translate.xml:21841 msgid "" "TCP Bandwidth Delay Product Limiting " "net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21739 +#: book.translate.xml:21847 msgid "" "TCP bandwidth delay product limiting can be enabled by " "setting the net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable " @@ -31757,7 +31980,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21748 +#: book.translate.xml:21856 msgid "" "This feature is useful when serving data over modems, Gigabit Ethernet, high " "speed WAN links, or any other link with a high bandwidth " @@ -31777,7 +32000,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21768 +#: book.translate.xml:21876 msgid "" "Adjusting net.inet.tcp.inflight.stab is not recommended. This parameter defaults to 20, " @@ -31794,17 +32017,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21787 +#: book.translate.xml:21895 msgid "Virtual Memory" msgstr "虛擬記憶體" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21790 +#: book.translate.xml:21898 msgid "kern.maxvnodes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21792 +#: book.translate.xml:21900 msgid "" "A vnode is the internal representation of a file or directory. Increasing " "the number of vnodes available to the operating system reduces disk I/O. " @@ -31815,12 +32038,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21802 +#: book.translate.xml:21910 msgid "To see the current number of vnodes in use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21804 +#: book.translate.xml:21912 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl vfs.numvnodes\n" @@ -31828,12 +32051,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21807 +#: book.translate.xml:21915 msgid "To see the maximum vnodes:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21809 +#: book.translate.xml:21917 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl kern.maxvnodes\n" @@ -31841,7 +32064,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21812 +#: book.translate.xml:21920 msgid "" "If the current vnode usage is near the maximum, try increasing kern." "maxvnodes by a value of 1000. Keep an eye on " @@ -31853,12 +32076,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:21825 +#: book.translate.xml:21933 msgid "Adding Swap Space" msgstr "增加交換空間" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21827 +#: book.translate.xml:21935 msgid "" "Sometimes a system requires more swap space. This section describes two " "methods to increase swap space: adding swap to an existing partition or new " @@ -31869,7 +32092,7 @@ "交換檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21832 +#: book.translate.xml:21940 msgid "" "For information on how to encrypt swap space, which options exist, and why " "it should be done, refer to ." @@ -31878,12 +32101,12 @@ "考 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21836 +#: book.translate.xml:21944 msgid "Swap on a New Hard Drive or Existing Partition" msgstr "使用新硬碟或既有分割區增加交換空間" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21838 +#: book.translate.xml:21946 msgid "" "Adding a new hard drive for swap gives better performance than using a " "partition on an existing drive. Setting up partitions and hard drives is " @@ -31896,20 +32119,20 @@ "\"configtuning-initial\"/> 會討論到分割區的配置與交換分割區大小需考量的事項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21843 +#: book.translate.xml:21951 msgid "" "Use swapon to add a swap partition to the system. For " "example:" msgstr "使用 swapon 來增加交換分割區到系統，例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21846 +#: book.translate.xml:21954 #, no-wrap msgid "# swapon /dev/ada1s1b" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:21849 +#: book.translate.xml:21957 msgid "" "It is possible to use any partition not currently mounted, even if it " "already contains data. Using swapon on a partition that " @@ -31922,7 +32145,7 @@ "在執行 swapon 之前確認真的要使用該分割區增加交換空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21857 +#: book.translate.xml:21965 msgid "" "To automatically add this swap partition on boot, add an entry to /" "etc/fstab:" @@ -31931,13 +32154,13 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21860 +#: book.translate.xml:21968 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/ada1s1b\tnone\tswap\tsw\t0\t0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21862 +#: book.translate.xml:21970 msgid "" "See fstab5 for an explanation of the entries in /" @@ -31952,12 +32175,12 @@ "citerefentry> 找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21869 +#: book.translate.xml:21977 msgid "Creating a Swap File" msgstr "建立交換檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21871 +#: book.translate.xml:21979 msgid "" "These examples create a 64M swap file called /usr/swap0 " "instead of using a partition." @@ -31966,7 +32189,7 @@ "分割區建立交換空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21875 +#: book.translate.xml:21983 msgid "" "Using swap files requires that the module needed by " "md4X and Later" msgstr "建立交換檔於 FreeBSD 10.X 及以後版本" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21887 +#: book.translate.xml:21995 msgid "Create the swap file:" msgstr "建立交換檔：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21889 book.translate.xml:21927 +#: book.translate.xml:21997 book.translate.xml:22035 #, no-wrap msgid "# dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1m count=64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21893 +#: book.translate.xml:22001 msgid "Set the proper permissions on the new file:" msgstr "在新檔案設定適當的權限：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21895 book.translate.xml:21934 +#: book.translate.xml:22003 book.translate.xml:22042 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 0600 /usr/swap0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21899 +#: book.translate.xml:22007 msgid "" "Inform the system about the swap file by adding a line to /etc/" "fstab:" msgstr "加入行到 /etc/fstab 以讓系統知道交換檔的資訊：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21902 +#: book.translate.xml:22010 #, no-wrap msgid "md99\tnone\tswap\tsw,file=/usr/swap0,late\t0\t0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21904 +#: book.translate.xml:22012 msgid "" "The md4 device md99 is used, leaving lower device " @@ -32032,7 +32255,7 @@ "號供互動操作時使用。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21910 +#: book.translate.xml:22018 msgid "" "Swap space will be added on system startup. To add swap space immediately, " "use swapon8：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21913 +#: book.translate.xml:22021 #, no-wrap msgid "# swapon -aL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:21919 +#: book.translate.xml:22027 msgid "" "Creating a Swap File on FreeBSD 9.X and Earlier" msgstr "建立交換檔於 FreeBSD 9.X 及先前版本" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21924 +#: book.translate.xml:22032 msgid "Create the swap file, /usr/swap0:" msgstr "建立交換檔 /usr/swap0：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21931 +#: book.translate.xml:22039 msgid "Set the proper permissions on /usr/swap0:" msgstr "設定適當的權限於 /usr/swap0：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21938 +#: book.translate.xml:22046 msgid "Enable the swap file in /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟交換檔：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21941 +#: book.translate.xml:22049 #, no-wrap msgid "swapfile=\"/usr/swap0\" # Set to name of swap file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:21945 +#: book.translate.xml:22053 msgid "" "Swap space will be added on system startup. To enable the swap file " "immediately, specify a free memory device. Refer to 取得更多有關記憶體裝置的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21950 +#: book.translate.xml:22058 #, no-wrap msgid "# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /usr/swap0 -u 0 && swapon /dev/md0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:21959 +#: book.translate.xml:22067 msgid "Power and Resource Management" msgstr "電源與資源管理" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:21962 +#: book.translate.xml:22070 msgid "" " Hiten Pandya Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:21970 book.translate.xml:22450 +#: book.translate.xml:22078 book.translate.xml:22558 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21979 +#: book.translate.xml:22087 msgid "" "It is important to utilize hardware resources in an efficient manner. Power " "and resource management allows the operating system to monitor system limits " @@ -32139,7 +32362,7 @@ "取 APM 軟體介面才能夠管理電源等級。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21998 +#: book.translate.xml:22106 msgid "" "There are four major problems in APM. First, power " "management is done by the vendor-specific BIOS, separate " @@ -32173,7 +32396,7 @@ "源管理政策或可良好適應主機用途的程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22020 +#: book.translate.xml:22128 msgid "" "The Plug and Play BIOS (PNPBIOS) was " "unreliable in many situations. PNPBIOS is 16-bit " @@ -32192,17 +32415,17 @@ "refentrytitle>4。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22030 +#: book.translate.xml:22138 msgid "ACPI" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22034 +#: book.translate.xml:22142 msgid "APM" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22038 +#: book.translate.xml:22146 msgid "" "The successor to APM is the Advanced Configuration and " "Power Interface (ACPI). ACPI is a " @@ -32219,7 +32442,7 @@ "Management) 關鍵的要素，提供了作業系統更多的控制方式與彈性。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22047 +#: book.translate.xml:22155 msgid "" "This chapter demonstrates how to configure ACPI on " "FreeBSD. It then offers some tips on how to debug ACPI " @@ -32231,12 +32454,12 @@ "人員能夠診斷並修正 ACPI 的問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22054 +#: book.translate.xml:22162 msgid "Configuring ACPI" msgstr "設定 ACPI" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22056 +#: book.translate.xml:22164 msgid "" "In FreeBSD the acpi4 driver is loaded by " @@ -32257,7 +32480,7 @@ "如 中的說明。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:22068 +#: book.translate.xml:22176 msgid "" "ACPI and APM cannot coexist and should " "be used separately. The last one to load will terminate if the driver " @@ -32267,7 +32490,7 @@ "若有偵測到有另一個正在執行，要載入的後者將會中斷。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22074 +#: book.translate.xml:22182 msgid "" "ACPI can be used to put the system into a sleep mode with " "acpiconf, the flag, and a number from " @@ -32285,7 +32508,7 @@ "halt -p 一樣。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22084 +#: book.translate.xml:22192 msgid "" "Other options are available using sysctl. Refer to " "acpi48 以取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22090 +#: book.translate.xml:22198 msgid "Common Problems" msgstr "常見問題" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22092 +#: book.translate.xml:22200 msgid "ACPI" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22096 +#: book.translate.xml:22204 msgid "" "ACPI is present in all modern computers that conform to " "the ia32 (x86), ia64 (Itanium), and amd64 (AMD) " @@ -32322,7 +32545,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22108 +#: book.translate.xml:22216 msgid "" "An ACPI-compliant system has various components. The " "BIOS and chipset vendors provide various fixed tables, " @@ -32334,7 +32557,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22118 +#: book.translate.xml:22226 msgid "" "The ACPI driver must parse the fixed tables, implement an " "interpreter for the bytecode, and modify device drivers and the kernel to " @@ -32350,12 +32573,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22131 book.translate.xml:22459 book.translate.xml:22514 +#: book.translate.xml:22239 book.translate.xml:22567 book.translate.xml:22622 msgid "ACPI problems" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22136 +#: book.translate.xml:22244 msgid "" "For ACPI to work correctly, all the parts have to work " "correctly. Here are some common problems, in order of frequency of " @@ -32365,12 +32588,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22144 +#: book.translate.xml:22252 msgid "Mouse Issues" msgstr "滑鼠問題" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22146 +#: book.translate.xml:22254 msgid "" "In some cases, resuming from a suspend operation will cause the mouse to " "fail. A known work around is to add hint.psm.0.flags=\"0x3000\"ACPI has three suspend to RAM " "(STR) states, S1-S3sysctl hw.acpi to check for the suspend-related " "items. These example results are from a Thinkpad:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22172 +#: book.translate.xml:22280 #, no-wrap msgid "" "hw.acpi.supported_sleep_state: S3 S4 S5\n" @@ -32412,7 +32635,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22175 +#: book.translate.xml:22283 msgid "" "Use acpiconf -s to test S3, " "S4, and S5. An " @@ -32421,7 +32644,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22182 +#: book.translate.xml:22290 msgid "" "When testing suspend/resume, start with S1, if supported. " "This state is most likely to work since it does not require much driver " @@ -32432,7 +32655,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22191 +#: book.translate.xml:22299 msgid "" "A common problem with suspend/resume is that many device drivers do not " "save, restore, or reinitialize their firmware, registers, or device memory " @@ -32440,7 +32663,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22196 +#: book.translate.xml:22304 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl debug.bootverbose=1\n" @@ -32449,7 +32672,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22200 +#: book.translate.xml:22308 msgid "" "This test emulates the suspend/resume cycle of all device drivers without " "actually going into S3 state. In some cases, problems " @@ -32461,7 +32684,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22210 +#: book.translate.xml:22318 msgid "" "Harder cases require additional hardware, such as a serial port and cable " "for debugging through a serial console, a Firewire port and cable for using " @@ -32470,7 +32693,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22215 +#: book.translate.xml:22323 msgid "" "To help isolate the problem, unload as many drivers as possible. If it " "works, narrow down which driver is the problem by loading drivers until it " @@ -32485,7 +32708,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22231 +#: book.translate.xml:22339 msgid "" "Try loading a recent Linux " "distribution to see if suspend/resume works on the same hardware. If it " @@ -32502,7 +32725,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22243 +#: book.translate.xml:22351 msgid "" "Finally, try disabling ACPI and enabling APM instead. If suspend/resume works with APM, stick " @@ -32513,12 +32736,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22254 +#: book.translate.xml:22362 msgid "System Hangs" msgstr "系統無回應" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22256 +#: book.translate.xml:22364 msgid "" "Most system hangs are a result of lost interrupts or an interrupt storm. " "Chipsets may have problems based on boot, how the BIOS " @@ -32528,12 +32751,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22263 +#: book.translate.xml:22371 msgid "interrupt storms" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22267 +#: book.translate.xml:22375 msgid "" "Interrupt storms can be distinguished from lost interrupts by checking the " "output of vmstat -i and looking at the line that has " @@ -32545,12 +32768,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22280 +#: book.translate.xml:22388 msgid "APIC disabling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22285 +#: book.translate.xml:22393 msgid "" "When dealing with interrupt problems, try disabling APIC " "support with hint.apic.0.disabled=\"1\" in /" @@ -32558,12 +32781,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22292 +#: book.translate.xml:22400 msgid "Panics" msgstr "當機" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22294 +#: book.translate.xml:22402 msgid "" "Panics are relatively rare for ACPI and are the top " "priority to be fixed. The first step is to isolate the steps to reproduce " @@ -32576,7 +32799,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22305 +#: book.translate.xml:22413 msgid "" "Then, try to isolate the problem by booting with ACPI " "disabled. If that works, isolate the ACPI subsystem by " @@ -32586,12 +32809,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22313 +#: book.translate.xml:22421 msgid "System Powers Up After Suspend or Shutdown" msgstr "系統在待機或關機後仍開機" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22315 +#: book.translate.xml:22423 msgid "" "First, try setting hw.acpi.disable_on_poweroff=\"0\" in " "/boot/loader.conf. This keeps ACPI " @@ -32602,27 +32825,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22326 +#: book.translate.xml:22434 msgid "BIOS Contains Buggy Bytecode" msgstr "BIOS 含有有問題的 Bytecode" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22328 book.translate.xml:22359 +#: book.translate.xml:22436 book.translate.xml:22467 msgid "" "ACPI ASL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22333 +#: book.translate.xml:22441 msgid "" "Some BIOS vendors provide incorrect or buggy bytecode. " "This is usually manifested by kernel console messages like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22337 +#: book.translate.xml:22445 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ACPI-1287: *** Error: Method execution failed [\\\\_SB_.PCI0.LPC0.FIGD._STA] \\\\\n" @@ -32630,7 +32853,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22340 +#: book.translate.xml:22448 msgid "" "Often, these problems may be resolved by updating the BIOS to the latest revision. Most console messages are harmless, but if " @@ -32639,12 +32862,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22350 +#: book.translate.xml:22458 msgid "Overriding the Default AML" msgstr "覆蓋預設的 AML" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22352 +#: book.translate.xml:22460 msgid "" "The BIOS bytecode, known as ACPI " "Machine Language (AML), is compiled from a source " @@ -32654,7 +32877,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22364 +#: book.translate.xml:22472 msgid "" "The goal of FreeBSD is for everyone to have working ACPI " "without any user intervention. Workarounds are still being developed for " @@ -32671,7 +32894,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22379 +#: book.translate.xml:22487 msgid "" "To help identify buggy behavior and possibly fix it manually, a copy can be " "made of the system's ASL. To copy the system's " @@ -32681,13 +32904,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22387 +#: book.translate.xml:22495 #, no-wrap msgid "# acpidump -td > my.asl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22389 +#: book.translate.xml:22497 msgid "" "Some AML versions assume the user is running Windows. To override this, set hw." @@ -32698,7 +32921,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22396 +#: book.translate.xml:22504 msgid "" "Other workarounds may require my.asl to be customized. " "If this file is edited, compile the new ASL using the " @@ -32707,13 +32930,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22402 +#: book.translate.xml:22510 #, no-wrap msgid "# iasl -f my.asl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22404 +#: book.translate.xml:22512 msgid "" "Including forces creation of the AML, " "even if there are errors during compilation. Some errors, such as missing " @@ -32722,7 +32945,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22410 +#: book.translate.xml:22518 msgid "" "The default output filename for iasl is DSDT." "aml. Load this file instead of the BIOS's " @@ -32731,7 +32954,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:22416 +#: book.translate.xml:22524 #, no-wrap msgid "" "acpi_dsdt_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -32739,7 +32962,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22419 +#: book.translate.xml:22527 msgid "" "Be sure to copy DSDT.aml to /boot, " "then reboot the system. If this fixes the problem, send a " @@ -32751,31 +32974,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:22429 +#: book.translate.xml:22537 msgid "Getting and Submitting Debugging Info" msgstr "取得與回報除錯資訊" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:22432 +#: book.translate.xml:22540 msgid "" " Nate Lawson Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:22442 +#: book.translate.xml:22550 msgid "" " Peter Schultz With contributions from " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22464 +#: book.translate.xml:22572 msgid "ACPI debugging" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22469 +#: book.translate.xml:22577 msgid "" "The ACPI driver has a flexible debugging facility. A set " "of subsystems and the level of verbosity can be specified. The subsystems to " @@ -32793,7 +33016,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22485 +#: book.translate.xml:22593 msgid "" "Debugging output is not enabled by default. To enable it, add " "options ACPI_DEBUG to the custom kernel configuration " @@ -32804,13 +33027,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22493 +#: book.translate.xml:22601 #, no-wrap msgid "# cd /sys/modules/acpi/acpi && make clean && make ACPI_DEBUG=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22495 +#: book.translate.xml:22603 msgid "" "Copy the compiled acpi.ko to /boot/kernel and add the desired level and layer to /boot/loader." @@ -32820,7 +33043,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:22502 +#: book.translate.xml:22610 #, no-wrap msgid "" "debug.acpi.layer=\"ACPI_ALL_COMPONENTS ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS\"\n" @@ -32828,7 +33051,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22505 +#: book.translate.xml:22613 msgid "" "If the required information is triggered by a specific event, such as a " "suspend and then resume, do not modify /boot/loader.conffreebsd-" @@ -32849,7 +33072,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:22525 +#: book.translate.xml:22633 msgid "" "Before submitting debugging information to this mailing list, ensure the " "latest BIOS version is installed and, if available, the " @@ -32857,12 +33080,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22531 +#: book.translate.xml:22639 msgid "When submitting a problem report, include the following information:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22536 +#: book.translate.xml:22644 msgid "" "Description of the buggy behavior, including system type, model, and " "anything that causes the bug to appear. Note as accurately as possible when " @@ -32870,14 +33093,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22543 +#: book.translate.xml:22651 msgid "" "The output of dmesg after running boot -v, including any error messages generated by the bug." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22549 +#: book.translate.xml:22657 msgid "" "The dmesg output from boot -v with " "ACPI disabled, if disabling ACPI helps " @@ -32885,14 +33108,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22556 +#: book.translate.xml:22664 msgid "" "Output from sysctl hw.acpi. This lists which features the " "system offers." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22561 +#: book.translate.xml:22669 msgid "" "The URL to a pasted version of the system's ASL. Do not send the ASL " @@ -32901,13 +33124,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22568 +#: book.translate.xml:22676 #, no-wrap msgid "# acpidump -dt > name-system.asl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22570 +#: book.translate.xml:22678 msgid "" "Substitute the login name for name and " "manufacturer/model for system. For example, use " @@ -32915,7 +33138,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22577 +#: book.translate.xml:22685 msgid "" "Most FreeBSD developers watch the FreeBSD-CURRENT mailing list, " @@ -32931,14 +33154,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22591 +#: book.translate.xml:22699 msgid "" "More information about ACPI may be found in the following " "locations:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22596 +#: book.translate.xml:22704 msgid "" "The FreeBSD ACPI Mailing List Archives (https://lists.freebsd." @@ -32946,14 +33169,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22601 +#: book.translate.xml:22709 msgid "" "The ACPI 2.0 Specification (http://acpi.info/spec.htm)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22605 +#: book.translate.xml:22713 msgid "" "acpi4, acpi_thermalbooting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22628 +#: book.translate.xml:22736 msgid "bootstrap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22630 +#: book.translate.xml:22738 msgid "" "The process of starting a computer and loading the operating system is " "referred to as the bootstrap process, or booting。這些事會發生在開機訊息的文字顏色會從亮白變成灰色之間。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22646 +#: book.translate.xml:22754 msgid "After reading this chapter, you will recognize:" msgstr "在閱讀本章之後，您會了解：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22650 +#: book.translate.xml:22758 msgid "The components of the FreeBSD bootstrap system and how they interact." msgstr "FreeBSD 開機系統的元件以及它們如何互動。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22655 +#: book.translate.xml:22763 msgid "" "The options that can be passed to the components in the FreeBSD bootstrap in " "order to control the boot process." msgstr "FreeBSD 開機程式中各元件可使用的選項，用來控制開機程序。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22660 +#: book.translate.xml:22768 msgid "How to configure a customized boot splash screen." msgstr "如何設定自訂的開機啟動畫面 (Splash screen)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22664 +#: book.translate.xml:22772 msgid "The basics of setting device hints." msgstr "設定 Device Hints 的基礎。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22668 +#: book.translate.xml:22776 msgid "" "How to boot into single- and multi-user mode and how to properly shut down a " "FreeBSD system." msgstr "如何開機進入單人及多人模式以及如何正確關閉 FreeBSD 系統。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:22674 +#: book.translate.xml:22782 msgid "" "This chapter only describes the boot process for FreeBSD running on x86 and " "amd64 systems." msgstr "本章僅說明 FreeBSD 在 x86 及 amd64 系統上執行的開機流程。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:22680 +#: book.translate.xml:22788 msgid "FreeBSD Boot Process" msgstr "FreeBSD 開機程序" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22682 +#: book.translate.xml:22790 msgid "" "Turning on a computer and starting the operating system poses an interesting " "dilemma. By definition, the computer does not know how to do anything until " @@ -33073,7 +33296,7 @@ "統要如何啟動呢?" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22690 +#: book.translate.xml:22798 msgid "" "This problem parallels one in the book The Adventures of Baron " "Munchausen. A character had fallen part way down a manhole, and " @@ -33088,19 +33311,19 @@ "制，後來被縮短為 booting。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22698 +#: book.translate.xml:22806 msgid "BIOS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22700 +#: book.translate.xml:22808 msgid "" "Basic Input/Output SystemBIOS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22703 +#: book.translate.xml:22811 msgid "" "On x86 hardware, the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is " "responsible for loading the operating system. The BIOS " @@ -33119,7 +33342,7 @@ "助下可以完成接下來載入作業系統的工作。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:22715 +#: book.translate.xml:22823 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides for booting from both the older MBR " "standard, and the newer GUID Partition Table (GPT). " @@ -33142,23 +33365,23 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22726 book.translate.xml:22782 +#: book.translate.xml:22834 book.translate.xml:22890 msgid "Master Boot Record (MBR)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22729 book.translate.xml:22780 +#: book.translate.xml:22837 book.translate.xml:22888 msgid "Boot Manager" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22731 +#: book.translate.xml:22839 msgid "Boot Loader" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22733 +#: book.translate.xml:22841 msgid "" "The code within the MBR is typically referred to as a " "boot manager, especially when it interacts with the " @@ -33177,7 +33400,7 @@ "class=\"registered\">Linux 發行版。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22743 +#: book.translate.xml:22851 msgid "" "If only one operating system is installed, the MBR " "searches for the first bootable (active) slice on the disk, and then runs " @@ -33192,7 +33415,7 @@ "擇要啟動的作業系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22751 +#: book.translate.xml:22859 msgid "" "The remainder of the FreeBSD bootstrap system is divided into three stages. " "The first stage knows just enough to get the computer into a specific state " @@ -33210,20 +33433,20 @@ "更有彈性的載入程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22762 +#: book.translate.xml:22870 msgid "kernel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22763 book.translate.xml:23089 +#: book.translate.xml:22871 book.translate.xml:23197 msgid "" "init8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22765 +#: book.translate.xml:22873 msgid "" "The kernel is then started and begins to probe for devices and initialize " "them for use. Once the kernel boot process is finished, the kernel passes " @@ -33241,19 +33464,19 @@ "線網路、啟動那些被設定在開機時要啟動的程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22774 +#: book.translate.xml:22882 msgid "" "This section describes these stages in more detail and demonstrates how to " "interact with the FreeBSD boot process." msgstr "本章節將更詳細介紹這些階段並示範如何與 FreeBSD 開機程序互動。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22778 +#: book.translate.xml:22886 msgid "The Boot Manager" msgstr "開機管理程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22785 +#: book.translate.xml:22893 msgid "" "The boot manager code in the MBR is sometimes referred to " "as stage zero of the boot process. By default, FreeBSD " @@ -33264,7 +33487,7 @@ "application> 開機管理程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22790 +#: book.translate.xml:22898 msgid "" "The MBR installed by the FreeBSD installer is based on " "/boot/boot0. The size and capability of " @@ -33281,12 +33504,12 @@ "application> ，則會在開機時顯示如下範例的訊息：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:22800 +#: book.translate.xml:22908 msgid "boot0 Screenshot" msgstr "boot0 螢幕截圖" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22802 +#: book.translate.xml:22910 #, no-wrap msgid "" "F1 Win\n" @@ -33296,7 +33519,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22808 +#: book.translate.xml:22916 msgid "" "Other operating systems will overwrite an existing MBR if " "they are installed after FreeBSD. If this happens, or to replace the " @@ -33308,13 +33531,13 @@ "MBR 可使用以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22814 +#: book.translate.xml:22922 #, no-wrap msgid "# fdisk -B -b /boot/boot0 device" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22816 +#: book.translate.xml:22924 msgid "" "where device is the boot disk, such as " "ad0 for the first IDE disk, " @@ -33332,12 +33555,12 @@ "refentrytitle>8。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22827 +#: book.translate.xml:22935 msgid "Stage One and Stage Two" msgstr "階段一與階段二" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22829 +#: book.translate.xml:22937 msgid "" "Conceptually, the first and second stages are part of the same program on " "the same area of the disk. Because of space constraints, they have been " @@ -33350,7 +33573,7 @@ "bsdlabel 從 /boot/boot 複製而來。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22836 +#: book.translate.xml:22944 msgid "" "These two stages are located outside file systems, in the first track of the " "boot slice, starting with the first sector. This is where " @@ -33362,7 +33585,7 @@ "式所會儲存的地方，並會尋找可以執行的程式以繼續開機程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22842 +#: book.translate.xml:22950 msgid "" "The first stage, boot1, is very simple, since it can " "only be 512 bytes in size. It knows just enough about the FreeBSD " @@ -33374,7 +33597,7 @@ "尋找並執行 boot2。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22848 +#: book.translate.xml:22956 msgid "" "Stage two, boot2, is slightly more sophisticated, and " "understands the FreeBSD file system enough to find files. It can provide a " @@ -33389,13 +33612,13 @@ "在階段二中斷，則會顯示以下的互動畫面：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:22858 +#: book.translate.xml:22966 msgid "boot2 Screenshot" msgstr "boot2 螢幕截圖" #. (itstool) path: example/screen #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22860 book.translate.xml:48739 +#: book.translate.xml:22968 book.translate.xml:48979 #, no-wrap msgid "" ">> FreeBSD/i386 BOOT\n" @@ -33404,7 +33627,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22865 +#: book.translate.xml:22973 msgid "" "To replace the installed boot1 and boot2, use bsdlabel, where disksliceIDE 磁碟的第一個切割區：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22871 +#: book.translate.xml:22979 #, no-wrap msgid "# bsdlabel -B diskslice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:22874 +#: book.translate.xml:22982 msgid "" "If just the disk name is used, such as ad0, " "bsdlabel will create the disk in dangerously " @@ -33437,17 +33660,17 @@ "diskslice。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22885 +#: book.translate.xml:22993 msgid "Stage Three" msgstr "階段三" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22887 +#: book.translate.xml:22995 msgid "boot-loader" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22889 +#: book.translate.xml:22997 msgid "" "The loader is the final stage of the three-stage " "bootstrap process. It is located on the file system, usually as /" @@ -33457,7 +33680,7 @@ "於檔案系統之中，通常在 /boot/loader。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22894 +#: book.translate.xml:23002 msgid "" "The loader is intended as an interactive method " "for configuration, using a built-in command set, backed up by a more " @@ -33467,7 +33690,7 @@ "做為基礎的內建指令集提供一個互動的方式來做設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22899 +#: book.translate.xml:23007 msgid "" "During initialization, loader will probe for a " "console and for disks, and figure out which disk it is booting from. It will " @@ -33479,17 +33702,17 @@ "數並啟動直譯器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22905 +#: book.translate.xml:23013 msgid "loader" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22906 +#: book.translate.xml:23014 msgid "loader configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22908 +#: book.translate.xml:23016 msgid "" "The loader will then read /boot/loader." "rc, which by default reads in /boot/defaults/loader." @@ -33505,7 +33728,7 @@ "些變數來運作，讀取選擇模組與核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22917 +#: book.translate.xml:23025 msgid "" "Finally, by default, loader issues a 10 second " "wait for key presses, and boots the kernel if it is not interrupted. If " @@ -33526,17 +33749,17 @@ "citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:22928 +#: book.translate.xml:23036 msgid "Loader Built-In Commands" msgstr "載入程式內建指令" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:22940 +#: book.translate.xml:23048 msgid "autoboot seconds" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:22942 +#: book.translate.xml:23050 msgid "" "Proceeds to boot the kernel if not interrupted within the time span given, " "in seconds. It displays a countdown, and the default time span is 10 seconds." @@ -33545,14 +33768,14 @@ "10 秒鐘。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:22949 +#: book.translate.xml:23057 msgid "" "boot -options " "kernelname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:22952 +#: book.translate.xml:23060 msgid "" "Immediately proceeds to boot the kernel, with any specified options or " "kernel name. Providing a kernel name on the command-line is only applicable " @@ -33567,12 +33790,12 @@ "kernel 及 /boot/modules 底下。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:22964 +#: book.translate.xml:23072 msgid "boot-conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:22965 +#: book.translate.xml:23073 msgid "" "Goes through the same automatic configuration of modules based on specified " "variables, most commonly kernel. This only makes sense if " @@ -33582,12 +33805,12 @@ "只有在執行 unload 之後，尚未變更變數之前方可使用。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:22973 +#: book.translate.xml:23081 msgid "help topic" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:22975 +#: book.translate.xml:23083 msgid "" "Shows help messages read from /boot/loader.help. If the " "topic given is index, the list of available topics is " @@ -33597,12 +33820,12 @@ "index 則會顯示所有可用的主題。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:22982 +#: book.translate.xml:23090 msgid "include filename …" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:22984 +#: book.translate.xml:23092 msgid "" "Reads the specified file and interprets it line by line. An error " "immediately stops the include." @@ -33610,14 +33833,14 @@ "讀取指定的檔案並直譯每一行。若有錯誤則會立即中止 include。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:22990 +#: book.translate.xml:23098 msgid "" "load -t type " "filename" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:22993 +#: book.translate.xml:23101 msgid "" "Loads the kernel, kernel module, or file of the type given, with the " "specified filename. Any arguments after filename " @@ -33631,14 +33854,14 @@ "emphasis> 及 /boot/modules 底下。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23004 +#: book.translate.xml:23112 msgid "" "ls -l path" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23006 +#: book.translate.xml:23114 msgid "" "Displays a listing of files in the given path, or the root directory, if the " "path is not specified. If is specified, file sizes will " @@ -33648,12 +33871,12 @@ "l，則會連檔案大小一同顯示。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23013 +#: book.translate.xml:23121 msgid "lsdev -v" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23014 +#: book.translate.xml:23122 msgid "" "Lists all of the devices from which it may be possible to load modules. If " " is specified, more details are printed." @@ -33662,69 +33885,69 @@ "會顯示更詳細的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23020 +#: book.translate.xml:23128 msgid "lsmod -v" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23021 +#: book.translate.xml:23129 msgid "" "Displays loaded modules. If is specified, more details " "are shown." msgstr "顯示已載入的模組。若有指定 則會顯示更詳細的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23026 +#: book.translate.xml:23134 msgid "more filename" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23027 +#: book.translate.xml:23135 msgid "" "Displays the files specified, with a pause at each LINES " "displayed." msgstr "顯示指定的檔案，並於每 LINES 行顯示後會暫停。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23032 +#: book.translate.xml:23140 msgid "reboot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23033 +#: book.translate.xml:23141 msgid "Immediately reboots the system." msgstr "立即重新啟動系統。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23037 +#: book.translate.xml:23145 msgid "" "set variable, set variable=value" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23039 +#: book.translate.xml:23147 msgid "Sets the specified environment variables." msgstr "設定指定的環境變數。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23043 +#: book.translate.xml:23151 msgid "unload" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23044 +#: book.translate.xml:23152 msgid "Removes all loaded modules." msgstr "移除所有已載入的模組。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23052 book.translate.xml:23162 +#: book.translate.xml:23160 book.translate.xml:23270 msgid "single-user mode" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23050 +#: book.translate.xml:23158 msgid "" "Here are some practical examples of loader usage. To boot the usual kernel " "in single-user mode <_:indexterm-1/>:" @@ -33733,20 +33956,20 @@ "(Single-user mode<_:indexterm-1/>) 可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23055 +#: book.translate.xml:23163 #, no-wrap msgid "boot -s" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23057 +#: book.translate.xml:23165 msgid "" "To unload the usual kernel and modules and then load the previous or " "another, specified kernel:" msgstr "要卸載一般的核心與模組，然後載入先前或另一個指定的核心可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23060 +#: book.translate.xml:23168 #, no-wrap msgid "" "unload\n" @@ -33754,7 +33977,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23063 +#: book.translate.xml:23171 msgid "" "Use kernel.GENERIC to refer to the default kernel that " "comes with an installation, or kernel.old, to refer to " @@ -33766,12 +33989,12 @@ "心。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23069 +#: book.translate.xml:23177 msgid "Use the following to load the usual modules with another kernel:" msgstr "使用以下指令來使用另一個核心載入一般的模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23072 +#: book.translate.xml:23180 #, no-wrap msgid "" "unload\n" @@ -33780,28 +34003,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23076 +#: book.translate.xml:23184 msgid "To load an automated kernel configuration script:" msgstr "要載入一個已自動化的核心設置 Script 可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23078 +#: book.translate.xml:23186 #, no-wrap msgid "load -t userconfig_script /boot/kernel.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23080 +#: book.translate.xml:23188 msgid "kernel boot interaction" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23087 +#: book.translate.xml:23195 msgid "Last Stage" msgstr "最終階段" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23093 +#: book.translate.xml:23201 msgid "" "Once the kernel is loaded by either loader or by " "boot2, which bypasses loaderkernel bootflags" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:23107 +#: book.translate.xml:23215 msgid "Kernel Interaction During Boot" msgstr "開機時核心互動參數" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23120 +#: book.translate.xml:23228 msgid "" "During kernel initialization, ask for the device to mount as the root file " "system." msgstr "核心初始化時，會詢問要掛載為根檔案系統的裝置。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23125 +#: book.translate.xml:23233 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23126 +#: book.translate.xml:23234 msgid "Boot the root file system from a CDROM." msgstr "由 CDROM 做為根檔案系統開機。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23131 +#: book.translate.xml:23239 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23132 +#: book.translate.xml:23240 msgid "Boot into single-user mode." msgstr "開機進入單使用者模式。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23137 +#: book.translate.xml:23245 msgid "Be more verbose during kernel startup." msgstr "核心啟動時提供更多詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23143 +#: book.translate.xml:23251 msgid "" "Once the kernel has finished booting, it passes control to the user process " "init8UFS file system is not, and " @@ -33891,12 +34114,12 @@ "直接解決問題，否則系統會開機進入多使用者模式。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:23160 +#: book.translate.xml:23268 msgid "Single-User Mode" msgstr "單使用者模式" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23165 +#: book.translate.xml:23273 msgid "" "A user can specify this mode by booting with or by " "setting the boot_single variable in loaderEnter, the system will enter the " "default Bourne shell. To specify a different shell, input the full path to " @@ -33925,7 +34148,7 @@ "使用其他的 Shell 則輸入該 Shell 的完整路徑。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23178 +#: book.translate.xml:23286 msgid "" "Single-user mode is usually used to repair a system that will not boot due " "to an inconsistent file system or an error in a boot configuration file. It " @@ -33940,7 +34163,7 @@ "網路功能。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23187 +#: book.translate.xml:23295 msgid "" "While single-user mode is useful for repairing a system, it poses a security " "risk unless the system is in a physically secure location. By default, any " @@ -33952,7 +34175,7 @@ "整控制權。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23193 +#: book.translate.xml:23301 msgid "" "If the system console is changed to insecure in /etc/ttys, the system will first prompt for " @@ -33968,12 +34191,12 @@ "重設密碼。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:23203 +#: book.translate.xml:23311 msgid "Configuring an Insecure Console in /etc/ttys" msgstr "在 /etc/ttys 設定不安全的 Console" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23206 +#: book.translate.xml:23314 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# name getty type status comments\n" @@ -33984,7 +34207,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23213 +#: book.translate.xml:23321 msgid "" "An insecure console means that physical security to the " "console is considered to be insecure, so only someone who knows the " @@ -33996,17 +34219,17 @@ "systemitem> 密碼的人可以使用單使用者模式。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:23220 +#: book.translate.xml:23328 msgid "Multi-User Mode" msgstr "多使用者模式" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23222 +#: book.translate.xml:23330 msgid "multi-user mode" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23224 +#: book.translate.xml:23332 msgid "" "If init finds the file systems to be in order, or " "once the user has finished their commands in single-user mode and has typed " @@ -34018,12 +34241,12 @@ "模式，在這個模式便會開始系統的資源設置。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23231 +#: book.translate.xml:23339 msgid "rc files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23233 +#: book.translate.xml:23341 msgid "" "The resource configuration system reads in configuration defaults from " "/etc/defaults/rc.conf and system-specific details from " @@ -34039,7 +34262,7 @@ "Script。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23242 +#: book.translate.xml:23350 msgid "" "To learn more about the resource configuration system, refer to " "rc8/etc/rc.d 的 Script。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:23257 +#: book.translate.xml:23365 msgid "Configuring Boot Time Splash Screens" msgstr "設定開機啟動畫面" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:23260 book.translate.xml:56946 +#: book.translate.xml:23368 book.translate.xml:57473 msgid "" " Joseph J. Barbish Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23270 +#: book.translate.xml:23378 msgid "" "Typically when a FreeBSD system boots, it displays its progress as a series " "of messages at the console. A boot splash screen creates an alternate boot " @@ -34080,7 +34303,7 @@ "示中的啟動畫面。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23280 +#: book.translate.xml:23388 msgid "" "There are two basic environments available in FreeBSD. The first is the " "default legacy virtual console command line environment. After the system " @@ -34095,7 +34318,7 @@ "程式與圖型化登入管理程式的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23288 +#: book.translate.xml:23396 msgid "" "Once the system has booted, the splash screen defaults to being a screen " "saver. After a time period of non-use, the splash screen will display and " @@ -34117,45 +34340,35 @@ "Console，對圖型化顯示管理程式並不會有任何影響。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23299 +#: book.translate.xml:23407 msgid "" -"Sample splash screen files can be downloaded from the gallery at http://artwork.freebsdgr.org. By installing the sysutils/bsd-splash-changer " -"package or port, a random splash image from a collection will display at " -"boot." +"By installing the sysutils/bsd-splash-changer package or " +"port, a random splash image from a collection will display at boot. The " +"splash screen function supports 256-colors in the bitmap (.bmp), ZSoft PCX (.pcx), or " +"TheDraw (.bin) formats. The .bmp, " +".pcx, or .bin image has to be " +"placed on the root partition, for example in /boot. The " +"splash image files must have a resolution of 320 by 200 pixels or less in " +"order to work on standard VGA adapters. For the default " +"boot display resolution of 256-colors and 320 by 200 pixels or less, add the " +"following lines to /boot/loader.conf. Replace " +"splash.bmp with the name of the bitmap file to " +"use:" msgstr "" -"範例啟動畫面檔可到位於 http://artwork.freebsdgr.org 的圖庫下載。安裝 " -"sysutils/bsd-splash-changer 套件或 Port，可以在開機時隨機" -"顯示圖片集中的啟動畫面。" +"透過安裝 sysutils/bsd-splash-changer 套件或 Port，可在開機" +"時顯示隨機挑選的啟動畫面。啟動畫面功能支援 256 色的點陣圖 (.bmp)、ZSoft PCX (.pcx) 或 " +"TheDraw (.bin) 格式。.bmp, " +".pcx 或 .bin 圖片必須放在根分割區，" +"例如於 /boot。啟動圖片檔必須使用 320x200 像素或更低的解" +"析度以能夠在標準 VGA 介面卡上運作，要在預設 256 色、" +"320x200 像素或更低的解析度設定開機啟動圖片，可加入下行到 /boot/" +"loader.conf，並替換 splash.bmp 為實際要" +"使用的點陣圖檔：" -#. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23305 -msgid "" -"The splash screen function supports 256-colors in the bitmap (." -"bmp), ZSoft PCX (.pcx), " -"or TheDraw (.bin) formats. The .bmp, .pcx, or .bin image has " -"to be placed on the root partition, for example in /boot. The splash image files must have a resolution of 320 by 200 " -"pixels or less in order to work on standard VGA adapters. " -"For the default boot display resolution of 256-colors and 320 by 200 pixels " -"or less, add the following lines to /boot/loader.conf. " -"Replace splash.bmp with the name of the bitmap " -"file to use:" -msgstr "" -"啟動畫面功能支援 256 色的點陣圖 (.bmp)、ZSoft " -"PCX (.pcx) 或 TheDraw (." -"bin) 格式。.bmp, .pcx " -"或 .bin 圖片必須放在根分割區，例如於 /boot。啟動圖片檔必須使用 320x200 像素或更低的解析度以能夠在標準 " -"VGA 介面卡上運作，要在預設 256 色、 320x200 像素或更低的解" -"析度設定開機啟動圖片，可加入下行到 /boot/loader.conf，並" -"替換 splash.bmp 為實際要使用的點陣圖檔：" - #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23320 +#: book.translate.xml:23425 #, no-wrap msgid "" "splash_bmp_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -34164,12 +34377,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23324 +#: book.translate.xml:23429 msgid "To use a PCX file instead of a bitmap file:" msgstr "要使用 PCX 檔則可替換點陣圖檔：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23327 +#: book.translate.xml:23432 #, no-wrap msgid "" "splash_pcx_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -34178,7 +34391,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23331 +#: book.translate.xml:23436 msgid "" "To instead use ASCII art in the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheDraw format:" @@ -34187,7 +34400,7 @@ "\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheDraw 格式的 ASCII 圖可：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23334 +#: book.translate.xml:23439 #, no-wrap msgid "" "splash_txt=\"YES\"\n" @@ -34196,7 +34409,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23338 +#: book.translate.xml:23443 msgid "" "To use larger images that fill the whole display screen, up to the maximum " "resolution of 1024 by 768 pixels, the VESA module must " @@ -34213,23 +34426,23 @@ "filename> 上述例子中提到的三行之前加入下行：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23348 +#: book.translate.xml:23453 #, no-wrap msgid "vesa_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23350 +#: book.translate.xml:23455 msgid "Other interesting loader.conf options include:" msgstr "其他有用的 loader.conf 選項還有：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:23354 +#: book.translate.xml:23459 msgid "beastie_disable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23357 +#: book.translate.xml:23462 msgid "" "This will stop the boot options menu from being displayed, but the timed " "wait count down prompt will still be present. Even with the display of the " @@ -34240,22 +34453,22 @@ "在倒數計時提示時輸入選擇的選項還是會啟動對應的開機選項。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:23366 +#: book.translate.xml:23471 msgid "loader_logo=\"beastie\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23369 +#: book.translate.xml:23474 msgid "" "This will replace the default words FreeBSD, which are " "displayed to the right of the boot options menu, with the colored beastie " "logo." msgstr "" "這個選項會替換預設與上色的小惡魔圖示一起顯示於開機選項選單右側的 " -"FreeBSD 文字，" +"FreeBSD 文字。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23377 +#: book.translate.xml:23482 msgid "" "For more information, refer to splash4, " @@ -34270,17 +34483,17 @@ "refentrytitle>4。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:23383 +#: book.translate.xml:23488 msgid "Device Hints" msgstr "裝置提示" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23396 +#: book.translate.xml:23501 msgid "device.hints" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23400 +#: book.translate.xml:23505 msgid "" "During initial system startup, the boot loader8 reads 會傳送給裝置驅動程式做裝置的設置使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23406 +#: book.translate.xml:23511 msgid "" "Device hints may also be specified at the Stage 3 boot loader prompt, as " "demonstrated in . Variables can be added " @@ -34314,7 +34527,7 @@ "置提示並不是永久有效的，在下一次重新開機久後便會失效。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23415 +#: book.translate.xml:23520 msgid "" "Once the system is booted, kenv1 can be used to dump " @@ -34324,7 +34537,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1 來列出所有的變數。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23418 +#: book.translate.xml:23523 msgid "" "The syntax for /boot/device.hints is one variable per " "line, using the hash # as comment markers. Lines are " @@ -34334,24 +34547,24 @@ "# 做為註解符號，每一行的結構如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23423 +#: book.translate.xml:23528 #, no-wrap msgid "hint.driver.unit.keyword=\"value\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23425 +#: book.translate.xml:23530 msgid "The syntax for the Stage 3 boot loader is:" msgstr "在階段 3 開機載入程式的語法則為：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23427 +#: book.translate.xml:23532 #, no-wrap msgid "set hint.driver.unit.keyword=value" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23429 +#: book.translate.xml:23534 msgid "" "where driver is the device driver name, unit is the device driver unit number, and keyword is " @@ -34362,13 +34575,13 @@ "選項所組成：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23436 +#: book.translate.xml:23541 msgid "" "at: specifies the bus which the device is attached to." msgstr "at: 指定裝置所連結的匯流排 (Bus)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23441 +#: book.translate.xml:23546 msgid "" "port: specifies the start address of the I/O to be used." @@ -34376,30 +34589,30 @@ "port: 指定要使用的 I/O 開始位置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23446 +#: book.translate.xml:23551 msgid "" "irq: specifies the interrupt request number to be used." msgstr "irq: 指定要使用的中斷請求編號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23451 +#: book.translate.xml:23556 msgid "drq: specifies the DMA channel number." msgstr "drq: 指定 DMA 頻道編號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23456 +#: book.translate.xml:23561 msgid "" "maddr: specifies the physical memory address occupied by " "the device." msgstr "maddr: 指定裝置所使用的實體記憶體位置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23461 +#: book.translate.xml:23566 msgid "flags: sets various flag bits for the device." msgstr "flags: 設定提供給裝置的各種旗標位元。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23466 +#: book.translate.xml:23571 msgid "" "disabled: if set to 1 the device is " "disabled." @@ -34407,7 +34620,7 @@ "disabled: 若設為 1 則可關閉該裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23471 +#: book.translate.xml:23576 msgid "" "Since device drivers may accept or require more hints not listed here, " "viewing a driver's manual page is recommended. For more information, refer " @@ -34429,19 +34642,19 @@ "refentrytitle>8。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:23478 +#: book.translate.xml:23583 msgid "Shutdown Sequence" msgstr "關機程序" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23480 +#: book.translate.xml:23585 msgid "" "shutdown8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23484 +#: book.translate.xml:23589 msgid "" "Upon controlled shutdown using shutdown8, " @@ -34458,7 +34671,7 @@ "的程序，然後傳送 KILL 信號給未在時間內中止的程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23491 +#: book.translate.xml:23596 msgid "" "To power down a FreeBSD machine on architectures and systems that support " "power management, use shutdown -p now to turn the power " @@ -34486,13 +34699,13 @@ "manvolnum> 的操作手冊來取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23503 +#: book.translate.xml:23608 msgid "" "Modify group membership by referring to ." msgstr "要修改群組成員可參考 。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:23507 +#: book.translate.xml:23612 msgid "" "Power management requires acpi4 to be loaded as a " @@ -34503,24 +34716,24 @@ "訂核心中。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:23522 +#: book.translate.xml:23627 msgid "Security" msgstr "安全性" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:23525 +#: book.translate.xml:23630 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes Rewritten by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23535 +#: book.translate.xml:23640 msgid "security" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23540 +#: book.translate.xml:23645 msgid "" "Security, whether physical or virtual, is a topic so broad that an entire " "industry has evolved around it. Hundreds of standard practices have been " @@ -34531,7 +34744,7 @@ "來搛寫如何確保系統與網路的安全性。身為 FreeBSD 必須了解如何避免攻擊與入侵。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23546 +#: book.translate.xml:23651 msgid "" "In this chapter, several fundamentals and techniques will be discussed. The " "FreeBSD system comes with multiple layers of security, and many more third " @@ -34541,22 +34754,22 @@ "方工具可以用來增加安全性。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23555 +#: book.translate.xml:23660 msgid "Basic FreeBSD system security concepts." msgstr "基礎 FreeBSD 系統安全概念。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23559 +#: book.translate.xml:23664 msgid "The various crypt mechanisms available in FreeBSD." msgstr "FreeBSD 中的幾種加密 (Crypt) 機制。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23563 +#: book.translate.xml:23668 msgid "How to set up one-time password authentication." msgstr "如何設定一次性密碼認證。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23567 +#: book.translate.xml:23672 msgid "" "How to configure TCP Wrapper for use with " "inetd8 中的 TCP Wrapper。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23572 +#: book.translate.xml:23677 msgid "How to set up Kerberos on FreeBSD." msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 設定 Kerberos。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23577 +#: book.translate.xml:23682 msgid "" "How to configure IPsec and create a VPN." msgstr "如何設定 IPsec 並且建立 VPN。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23582 +#: book.translate.xml:23687 msgid "How to configure and use OpenSSH on FreeBSD." -msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 設定並使用 OpenSSH" +msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 設定並使用 OpenSSH。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23587 +#: book.translate.xml:23692 msgid "How to use file system ACLs." msgstr "如何使用檔案系統 ACL。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23591 +#: book.translate.xml:23696 msgid "" "How to use pkg to audit third party software " "packages installed from the Ports Collection." @@ -34597,29 +34810,29 @@ "套件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23597 +#: book.translate.xml:23702 msgid "How to utilize FreeBSD security advisories." msgstr "如何利用 FreeBSD 安全報告。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23601 +#: book.translate.xml:23706 msgid "What Process Accounting is and how to enable it on FreeBSD." msgstr "什麼是程序追蹤 (Process Accounting) 以及如何在 FreeBSD 開啟。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23606 +#: book.translate.xml:23711 msgid "" "How to control user resources using login classes or the resource limits " "database." msgstr "如何使用登入類別或資源限制資料庫控制使用者資源。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23615 book.translate.xml:57062 +#: book.translate.xml:23720 book.translate.xml:57589 msgid "Understand basic FreeBSD and Internet concepts." msgstr "了解 FreeBSD 基礎及網路概念。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23619 +#: book.translate.xml:23724 msgid "" "Additional security topics are covered elsewhere in this Handbook. For " "example, Mandatory Access Control is discussed in " @@ -34630,7 +34843,7 @@ "linkend=\"firewalls\"/> 討論。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23628 +#: book.translate.xml:23733 msgid "" "Security is everyone's responsibility. A weak entry point in any system " "could allow intruders to gain access to critical information and cause havoc " @@ -34644,7 +34857,7 @@ "(Availability)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23636 +#: book.translate.xml:23741 msgid "" "The CIA triad is a bedrock concept of computer security " "as customers and users expect their data to be protected. For example, a " @@ -34659,7 +34872,7 @@ "訊 (可用性)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23644 +#: book.translate.xml:23749 msgid "" "To provide CIA, security professionals apply a defense in " "depth strategy. The idea of defense in depth is to add several layers of " @@ -34677,7 +34890,7 @@ "脅。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23655 +#: book.translate.xml:23760 msgid "" "What is a threat as it pertains to computer security? Threats are not " "limited to remote attackers who attempt to access a system without " @@ -34690,7 +34903,7 @@ "公司競爭對手。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23662 +#: book.translate.xml:23767 msgid "" "Systems and networks can be accessed without permission, sometimes by " "accident, or by remote attackers, and in some cases, via corporate espionage " @@ -34705,7 +34918,7 @@ "備在發生時能夠減緩威脅。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23670 +#: book.translate.xml:23775 msgid "" "When applying security to systems, it is recommended to start by securing " "the basic accounts and system configuration, and then to secure the network " @@ -34724,7 +34937,7 @@ "有疑慮時，請向安全團隊諮詢。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23682 +#: book.translate.xml:23787 msgid "" "The rest of this introduction describes how some of these basic security " "configurations are performed on a FreeBSD system. The rest of this chapter " @@ -34735,12 +34948,12 @@ "的部份將介紹在 FreeBSD 系統執行安全性政策時會用到的特定工具。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23689 +#: book.translate.xml:23794 msgid "Preventing Logins" msgstr "防止登入" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23691 +#: book.translate.xml:23796 msgid "" "In securing a system, a good starting point is an audit of accounts. Ensure " "that root has a strong password " @@ -34752,39 +34965,39 @@ "方使用過，然後關閉任何無須登入存取權的帳號。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23696 +#: book.translate.xml:23801 msgid "" "To deny login access to accounts, two methods exist. The first is to lock " "the account. This example locks the toor account:" msgstr "" -"要關閉帳號的存取權登入有兩種方法，第一種是鎖定帳號，以下範例會鎖定 " -"toor 帳號：" +"要防止登入存取帳號有兩種方法，第一種是鎖定帳號，以下範例會鎖定 toor 帳號：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23700 +#: book.translate.xml:23805 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw lock toor" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23702 +#: book.translate.xml:23807 msgid "" "The second method is to prevent login access by changing the shell to " -"/sbin/nologin. Only the superuser can change the shell " -"for other users:" +"/usr/sbin/nologin. Only the superuser can change the " +"shell for other users:" msgstr "" -"第二個關閉登入存取權的方式是更改 Shell 為 /sbin/nologin/usr/sbin/nologin，只有超級使用者可以更改其他使用者的 Shell：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23706 +#: book.translate.xml:23811 #, no-wrap msgid "# chsh -s /usr/sbin/nologin toor" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23708 +#: book.translate.xml:23813 msgid "" "The /usr/sbin/nologin shell prevents the system from " "assigning a shell to the user when they attempt to login." @@ -34793,12 +35006,12 @@ "入的使用者。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23714 +#: book.translate.xml:23819 msgid "Permitted Account Escalation" msgstr "帳號升級授權" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23716 +#: book.translate.xml:23821 msgid "" "In some cases, system administration needs to be shared with other users. " "FreeBSD has two methods to handle this. The first one, which is not " @@ -34822,7 +35035,7 @@ "項目的最後，使用者必須以逗號字元分隔並不可有空白。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23730 +#: book.translate.xml:23835 msgid "" "The second, and recommended, method to permit privilege escalation is to " "install the security/sudo package or port. This software " @@ -34834,7 +35047,7 @@ "定使用者只能執行特定需權限的指令。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23737 +#: book.translate.xml:23842 msgid "" "After installation, use visudo to edit /usr/" "local/etc/sudoers. This example creates a new apache24 的存取權：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23744 +#: book.translate.xml:23849 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pw groupadd webadmin -M trhodes -g 6000\n" @@ -34858,12 +35071,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23750 +#: book.translate.xml:23855 msgid "Password Hashes" msgstr "密碼編碼方式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23752 +#: book.translate.xml:23857 msgid "" "Passwords are a necessary evil of technology. When they must be used, they " "should be complex and a powerful hash mechanism should be used to encrypt " @@ -34882,7 +35095,7 @@ "Blowfish 演算法。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:23764 +#: book.translate.xml:23869 msgid "" "Blowfish is not part of AES and is not considered " "compliant with any Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS# grep dru /etc/master.passwd\n" @@ -34926,7 +35139,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23789 +#: book.translate.xml:23894 msgid "" "The hash mechanism is set in the user's login class. For this example, the " "user is in the default login class and the hash algorithm " @@ -34937,25 +35150,25 @@ "etc/login.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23794 +#: book.translate.xml:23899 #, no-wrap msgid " :passwd_format=sha512:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23796 +#: book.translate.xml:23901 msgid "" "To change the algorithm to Blowfish, modify that line to look like this:" msgstr "要更改演算法為 Blowfish，可修改該行如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23799 +#: book.translate.xml:23904 #, no-wrap msgid " :passwd_format=blf:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23801 +#: book.translate.xml:23906 msgid "" "Then run cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf as described in . Note that this change will not affect any " @@ -34969,7 +35182,7 @@ "密碼才有辦法重新加密所有密碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23808 +#: book.translate.xml:23913 msgid "" "For remote logins, two-factor authentication should be used. An example of " "two-factor authentication is something you have, such as a " @@ -34990,12 +35203,12 @@ " 中會有說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23822 +#: book.translate.xml:23927 msgid "Password Policy Enforcement" msgstr "強制密碼政策" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23824 +#: book.translate.xml:23929 msgid "" "Enforcing a strong password policy for local accounts is a fundamental " "aspect of system security. In FreeBSD, password length, password strength, " @@ -35007,7 +35220,7 @@ "Modules, PAM) 來執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23830 +#: book.translate.xml:23935 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to configure the minimum and maximum password " "length and the enforcement of mixed characters using the " @@ -35018,7 +35231,7 @@ "filename> 來強制使用混合字元的密碼，此模組可在使用者更改其密碼時強制要求。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23836 +#: book.translate.xml:23941 msgid "" "To configure this module, become the superuser and uncomment the line " "containing pam_passwdqc.so in /etc/pam.d/" @@ -35029,13 +35242,13 @@ "行來配合密碼政策：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23842 +#: book.translate.xml:23947 #, no-wrap msgid "password requisite pam_passwdqc.so min=disabled,disabled,disabled,12,10 similar=deny retry=3 enforce=users" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23844 +#: book.translate.xml:23949 msgid "" "This example sets several requirements for new passwords. The min setting controls the minimum password length. It has five values " @@ -35062,7 +35275,7 @@ "literal> 設定密碼政策接受滿足四種字元類型複雜度且至少 10 個字元的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23861 +#: book.translate.xml:23966 msgid "" "The similar setting denies passwords that are similar to " "the user's previous password. The retry setting provides " @@ -35072,14 +35285,14 @@ "retry 設定會提供使用者三次輸入新密碼的機會。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23866 +#: book.translate.xml:23971 msgid "" "Once this file is saved, a user changing their password will see a message " "similar to the following:" msgstr "一這個檔案儲存之後，更改密碼的使用者將會看到如下的訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23869 +#: book.translate.xml:23974 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% passwd\n" @@ -35099,7 +35312,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23884 +#: book.translate.xml:23989 msgid "" "If a password that does not match the policy is entered, it will be rejected " "with a warning and the user will have an opportunity to try again, up to the " @@ -35109,7 +35322,7 @@ "重試，直到超過設定的允許重試次數。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23889 +#: book.translate.xml:23994 msgid "" "Most password policies require passwords to expire after so many days. To " "set a password age time in FreeBSD, set for " @@ -35122,13 +35335,13 @@ "範例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23896 +#: book.translate.xml:24001 #, no-wrap msgid "# :passwordtime=90d:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23898 +#: book.translate.xml:24003 msgid "" "So, to set an expiry of 90 days for this login class, remove the comment " "symbol (#), save the edit, and run cap_mkdb /etc/" @@ -35139,7 +35352,7 @@ "command>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23903 +#: book.translate.xml:24008 msgid "" "To set the expiration on individual users, pass an expiration date or the " "number of days to expiry and a username to pw:" @@ -35148,13 +35361,13 @@ "pw：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23907 +#: book.translate.xml:24012 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw usermod -p 30-apr-2015 -n trhodes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23909 +#: book.translate.xml:24014 msgid "" "As seen here, an expiration date is set in the form of day, month, and year. " "For more information, see pw。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23915 +#: book.translate.xml:24020 msgid "Detecting Rootkits" msgstr "偵測 Root 工具 (Rootkit)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23917 +#: book.translate.xml:24022 msgid "" "A rootkit is any unauthorized software that attempts " "to gain root access to a system. " @@ -35188,7 +35401,7 @@ "程式也可能會遺漏攻擊者留下的動西。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23927 +#: book.translate.xml:24032 msgid "" "A rootkit does do one thing useful for administrators: once detected, it is " "a sign that a compromise happened at some point. But, these types of " @@ -35200,7 +35413,7 @@ "security/rkhunter。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23933 +#: book.translate.xml:24038 msgid "" "After installation of this package or port, the system may be checked using " "the following command. It will produce a lot of information and will require " @@ -35210,13 +35423,13 @@ "手動按下 ENTER 確認：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23938 +#: book.translate.xml:24043 #, no-wrap msgid "# rkhunter -c" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23940 +#: book.translate.xml:24045 msgid "" "After the process completes, a status message will be printed to the screen. " "This message will include the amount of files checked, suspect files, " @@ -35233,7 +35446,7 @@ "理。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23950 +#: book.translate.xml:24055 msgid "" "Every administrator should know what is running on the systems they are " "responsible for. Third-party tools like rkhunter " @@ -35250,12 +35463,12 @@ "雖然理想要避免滲透，但也必須偵測是否已被滲透了。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23962 +#: book.translate.xml:24067 msgid "Binary Verification" msgstr "Binary 檢驗" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23964 +#: book.translate.xml:24069 msgid "" "Verification of system files and binaries is important because it provides " "the system administration and security teams information about system " @@ -35267,7 +35480,7 @@ "Detection System, IDS)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23970 +#: book.translate.xml:24075 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides native support for a basic IDS system. " "While the nightly security emails will notify an administrator of changes, " @@ -35285,7 +35498,7 @@ "acronym> 磁碟或遠端 rsync 伺服器更好。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23981 +#: book.translate.xml:24086 msgid "" "The built-in mtree utility can be used to generate a " "specification of the contents of a directory. A seed, or a numeric constant, " @@ -35309,7 +35522,7 @@ "bin_chksum_mtree：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23994 +#: book.translate.xml:24099 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mtree -s 3483151339707503 -c -K cksum,sha256digest -p /bin > /root/.bin_chksum_mtree\n" @@ -35317,7 +35530,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23997 +#: book.translate.xml:24102 msgid "" "The 3483151339707503 represents the seed. This " "value should be remembered, but not shared." @@ -35326,7 +35539,7 @@ "不可給其它人看。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24001 +#: book.translate.xml:24106 msgid "" "Viewing /root/.bin_cksum_mtree should yield output " "similar to the following:" @@ -35334,7 +35547,7 @@ "檢視 /root/.bin_cksum_mtree 應會產生類似以下的輸出結果：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24004 +#: book.translate.xml:24109 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# user: root\n" @@ -35360,7 +35573,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24025 +#: book.translate.xml:24130 msgid "" "The machine's hostname, the date and time the specification was created, and " "the name of the user who created the specification are included in this " @@ -35372,7 +35585,7 @@ "SHA256 編碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24031 +#: book.translate.xml:24136 msgid "" "To verify that the binary signatures have not changed, compare the current " "contents of the directory to the previously generated specification, and " @@ -35383,7 +35596,7 @@ "然後儲存結果到檔案。這個指令需要當初產生原規格檔所使用的種子碼：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24037 +#: book.translate.xml:24142 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mtree -s 3483151339707503 -p /bin < /root/.bin_chksum_mtree >> /root/.bin_chksum_output\n" @@ -35391,7 +35604,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24040 +#: book.translate.xml:24145 msgid "" "This should produce the same checksum for /bin that was " "produced when the specification was created. If no changes have occurred to " @@ -35407,7 +35620,7 @@ "的日期然後再執行檢驗指令一次：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24049 +#: book.translate.xml:24154 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# touch /bin/cat\n" @@ -35418,7 +35631,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24055 +#: book.translate.xml:24160 msgid "" "It is recommended to create specifications for the directories which contain " "binaries and configuration files, as well as any directories containing " @@ -35434,7 +35647,7 @@ "建立規格檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24065 +#: book.translate.xml:24170 msgid "" "More advanced IDS systems exist, such as " "security/aide. In most cases, mtree " @@ -35451,12 +35664,12 @@ "refentrytitle>8 找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24075 +#: book.translate.xml:24180 msgid "System Tuning for Security" msgstr "系統安全性調校" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24077 +#: book.translate.xml:24182 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, many system features can be tuned using sysctl. A few of the security features which can be tuned to prevent " @@ -35472,7 +35685,7 @@ "到。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:24087 +#: book.translate.xml:24192 msgid "" "Any time a setting is changed with sysctl, the chance to " "cause undesired harm is increased, affecting the availability of the system. " @@ -35484,7 +35697,7 @@ "能的話，先在測試系統上實驗，再到上線的系統上使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24095 +#: book.translate.xml:24200 msgid "" "By default, the FreeBSD kernel boots with a security level of -1. This is called insecure mode because immutable file " @@ -35513,7 +35726,7 @@ "可用的安全性層級相關的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:24111 +#: book.translate.xml:24216 msgid "" "Increasing the securelevel can break Xorg and cause other issues. Be prepared to do some debugging." @@ -35522,7 +35735,7 @@ "法執行以及造成其他問題，請做好除錯的準備。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24116 +#: book.translate.xml:24221 msgid "" "The net.inet.tcp.blackhole and net.inet.udp." "blackhole settings can be used to drop incoming SYN 以取得更多有關這些設定的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24130 +#: book.translate.xml:24235 msgid "" "The net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect and net.inet.ip." "redirect settings help prevent against redirect " @@ -35566,7 +35779,7 @@ "封包。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24141 +#: book.translate.xml:24246 msgid "" "Source routing is a method for detecting and accessing non-routable " "addresses on the internal network. This should be disabled as non-routable " @@ -35580,7 +35793,7 @@ "accept_sourceroute 為 0。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24149 +#: book.translate.xml:24254 msgid "" "When a machine on the network needs to send messages to all hosts on a " "subnet, an ICMP echo request message is sent to the " @@ -35594,7 +35807,7 @@ "bmcastecho 為 0。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24157 +#: book.translate.xml:24262 msgid "" "Some additional settings are documented in " "security77 有說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:24163 +#: book.translate.xml:24268 msgid "One-time Passwords" msgstr "一次性密碼" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24165 +#: book.translate.xml:24270 msgid "one-time passwords" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24166 +#: book.translate.xml:24271 msgid "security one-time passwords" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24171 +#: book.translate.xml:24276 msgid "" "By default, FreeBSD includes support for One-time Passwords In Everything " "(OPIE). OPIE is designed to prevent " @@ -35639,7 +35852,7 @@ "上預設採用 MD5 加密。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24182 +#: book.translate.xml:24287 msgid "" "OPIE uses three different types of passwords. The first " "is the usual UNIX or Kerberos " @@ -35656,7 +35869,7 @@ "\"registered\">UNIX 密碼無關且不應相同。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24190 +#: book.translate.xml:24295 msgid "" "There are two other pieces of data that are important to OPIE. One is the seed or key, consisting " @@ -35686,7 +35899,7 @@ "literal> 時，OPIE 便要重新初始化。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24209 +#: book.translate.xml:24314 msgid "" "There are a few programs involved in this process. A one-time password, or a " "consecutive list of one-time passwords, is generated by passing an iteration " @@ -35712,7 +35925,7 @@ "manvolnum>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24219 +#: book.translate.xml:24324 msgid "" "This section describes four different sorts of operations. The first is how " "to set up one-time-passwords for the first time over a secure connection. " @@ -35727,19 +35940,19 @@ "所使的金鑰。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24228 +#: book.translate.xml:24333 msgid "Initializing OPIE" msgstr "初始化 OPIE" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24230 +#: book.translate.xml:24335 msgid "" "To initialize OPIE for the first time, run this command " "from a secure location:" msgstr "第一次要初始化 OPIE，要在安全的場所執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24233 +#: book.translate.xml:24338 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% opiepasswd -c\n" @@ -35756,7 +35969,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24245 +#: book.translate.xml:24350 msgid "" "The sets console mode which assumes that the command is " "being run from a secure location, such as a computer under the user's " @@ -35768,7 +35981,7 @@ "電腦。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24251 +#: book.translate.xml:24356 msgid "" "When prompted, enter the secret password which will be used to generate the " "one-time login keys. This password should be difficult to guess and should " @@ -35781,7 +35994,7 @@ "之間，然後請記住這個密碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24258 +#: book.translate.xml:24363 msgid "" "The ID line lists the login name (unfurl), default iteration count (499), and default " @@ -35798,12 +36011,12 @@ "一次登入時便要使用這個一次性密碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24270 +#: book.translate.xml:24375 msgid "Insecure Connection Initialization" msgstr "在不安全連線下做初始化" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24272 +#: book.translate.xml:24377 msgid "" "To initialize or change the secret password on an insecure system, a secure " "connection is needed to some place where opiekey can be " @@ -35820,7 +36033,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24281 +#: book.translate.xml:24386 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% opiepasswd\n" @@ -35839,7 +36052,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24295 +#: book.translate.xml:24400 msgid "" "To accept the default seed, press Return. Before entering " "an access password, move over to the secure connection and give it the same " @@ -35849,7 +36062,7 @@ "應之前移到安全的連線然後給予相同的加密參數產生密碼：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24299 book.translate.xml:24347 +#: book.translate.xml:24404 book.translate.xml:24452 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% opiekey 498 to4268\n" @@ -35860,26 +36073,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24305 +#: book.translate.xml:24410 msgid "" "Switch back over to the insecure connection, and copy the generated one-time " "password over to the relevant program." msgstr "切換回不安全的連線，然後複製產生的一次性密碼貼上。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24311 +#: book.translate.xml:24416 msgid "Generating a Single One-time Password" msgstr "產生單組一次性密碼" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24313 +#: book.translate.xml:24418 msgid "" "After initializing OPIE and logging in, a prompt like " "this will be displayed:" msgstr "在初始化 OPIE 之後進行登入會顯示如下的提示訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24316 +#: book.translate.xml:24421 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% telnet example.com\n" @@ -35895,7 +36108,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24327 +#: book.translate.xml:24432 msgid "" "The OPIE prompts provides a useful feature. If " "Return is pressed at the password prompt, the prompt will " @@ -35907,22 +36120,22 @@ "輸入列印出來的密碼時很有用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24333 +#: book.translate.xml:24438 msgid "MS-DOS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24334 +#: book.translate.xml:24439 msgid "Windows" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24335 +#: book.translate.xml:24440 msgid "MacOS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24337 +#: book.translate.xml:24442 msgid "" "At this point, generate the one-time password to answer this login prompt. " "This must be done on a trusted system where it is safe to run " @@ -35941,22 +36154,22 @@ "下在要登入主機在登入時所提示的訊息。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24345 +#: book.translate.xml:24450 msgid "On the trusted system:" msgstr "在信任的系統上執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24353 +#: book.translate.xml:24458 msgid "Once the one-time password is generated, continue to log in." msgstr "在產生一次性密碼後，回到登入畫面繼續登入。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24358 +#: book.translate.xml:24463 msgid "Generating Multiple One-time Passwords" msgstr "產生多組一次性密碼" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24360 +#: book.translate.xml:24465 msgid "" "Sometimes there is no access to a trusted machine or secure connection. In " "this case, it is possible to use opiekey 來預先產生多個一次性密碼，例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24365 +#: book.translate.xml:24470 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% opiekey -n 5 30 zz99999\n" @@ -35983,7 +36196,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24375 +#: book.translate.xml:24480 msgid "" "The requests five keys in sequence, and , where daemon is the daemon which " @@ -36149,7 +36362,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24476 +#: book.translate.xml:24581 msgid "" "For example, to allow POP3 connections via the " "mail/qpopper daemon, the following lines should be " @@ -36157,7 +36370,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24481 +#: book.translate.xml:24586 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# This line is required for POP3 connections:\n" @@ -36165,23 +36378,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24484 +#: book.translate.xml:24589 msgid "Whenever this file is edited, restart inetd:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24487 book.translate.xml:34153 +#: book.translate.xml:24592 book.translate.xml:34266 #, no-wrap msgid "# service inetd restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24491 book.translate.xml:49558 +#: book.translate.xml:24596 book.translate.xml:49798 msgid "Advanced Configuration" msgstr "進階設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24493 +#: book.translate.xml:24598 msgid "" "TCP Wrapper provides advanced options to allow " "more control over the way connections are handled. In some cases, it may be " @@ -36194,7 +36407,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24503 +#: book.translate.xml:24608 msgid "" "Suppose that a situation occurs where a connection should be denied yet a " "reason should be sent to the host who attempted to establish that " @@ -36204,7 +36417,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24511 +#: book.translate.xml:24616 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# The rest of the daemons are protected.\n" @@ -36214,7 +36427,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24516 +#: book.translate.xml:24621 msgid "" "In this example, the message You are not allowed to use " "daemon name from hostnamespawn. Like implicitly denies the connection and may be " @@ -36244,7 +36457,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24540 +#: book.translate.xml:24645 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# We do not allow connections from example.com:\n" @@ -36255,7 +36468,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24546 +#: book.translate.xml:24651 msgid "" "This will deny all connection attempts from *.example.com and log the hostname, IP " @@ -36267,7 +36480,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24554 +#: book.translate.xml:24659 msgid "" "To match every instance of a daemon, domain, or IP " "address, use ALL. Another wildcard is PARANOIDPARANOID wildcard will result in denied " "connections if the client or server has a broken DNS " @@ -36295,7 +36508,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24573 +#: book.translate.xml:24678 msgid "" "To learn more about wildcards and their associated functionality, refer to " "hosts_access5hosts.allow." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:24586 +#: book.translate.xml:24691 msgid "Kerberos" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:24589 +#: book.translate.xml:24694 msgid "" " Tillman Hodgson Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:24599 +#: book.translate.xml:24704 msgid "" " Mark Murray Based on a contribution by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24609 +#: book.translate.xml:24714 msgid "" "Kerberos is a network authentication protocol " "which was originally created by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology " @@ -36344,7 +36557,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24623 +#: book.translate.xml:24728 msgid "" "The only function of Kerberos is to provide the " "secure authentication of users and servers on the network. It does not " @@ -36354,7 +36567,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24630 +#: book.translate.xml:24735 msgid "" "The current version of the protocol is version 5, described in RFC 4120. Several free implementations of this protocol are available, " @@ -36373,7 +36586,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24649 +#: book.translate.xml:24754 msgid "" "In Kerberos users and services are identified as " "principals which are contained within an administrative " @@ -36383,35 +36596,35 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24657 +#: book.translate.xml:24762 msgid "" "This section provides a guide on how to set up Kerberos using the Heimdal distribution included in FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24661 +#: book.translate.xml:24766 msgid "" "For purposes of demonstrating a Kerberos " "installation, the name spaces will be as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:24667 +#: book.translate.xml:24772 msgid "" "The DNS domain (zone) will be example.org." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:24672 +#: book.translate.xml:24777 msgid "" "The Kerberos realm will be EXAMPLE.ORG." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:24678 +#: book.translate.xml:24783 msgid "" "Use real domain names when setting up Kerberos, " "even if it will run internally. This avoids DNS problems " @@ -36420,18 +36633,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24686 +#: book.translate.xml:24791 msgid "Setting up a Heimdal KDC" msgstr "設定 Heimdal KDC" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24688 +#: book.translate.xml:24793 msgid "" "Kerberos5 Key Distribution Center" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24693 +#: book.translate.xml:24798 msgid "" "The Key Distribution Center (KDC) is the centralized " "authentication service that Kerberos provides, " @@ -36444,7 +36657,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24705 +#: book.translate.xml:24810 msgid "" "While running a KDC requires few computing resources, a " "dedicated machine acting only as a KDC is recommended for " @@ -36452,14 +36665,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24710 +#: book.translate.xml:24815 msgid "" "To begin setting up a KDC, add these lines to /" "etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24713 +#: book.translate.xml:24818 #, no-wrap msgid "" "kdc_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -36467,12 +36680,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24716 +#: book.translate.xml:24821 msgid "Next, edit /etc/krb5.conf as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24719 +#: book.translate.xml:24824 #, no-wrap msgid "" "[libdefaults]\n" @@ -36487,7 +36700,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24729 +#: book.translate.xml:24834 msgid "" "In this example, the KDC will use the fully-qualified " "hostname kerberos.example.orgKerberos can also use the DNS " "to locate KDCs, instead of a [realms] section in " @@ -36505,7 +36718,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24741 +#: book.translate.xml:24846 #, no-wrap msgid "" "[libdefaults]\n" @@ -36515,14 +36728,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24746 +#: book.translate.xml:24851 msgid "" "With the following lines being included in the example.org zone file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24750 +#: book.translate.xml:24855 #, no-wrap msgid "" "_kerberos._udp IN SRV 01 00 88 kerberos.example.org.\n" @@ -36533,7 +36746,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:24757 +#: book.translate.xml:24862 msgid "" "In order for clients to be able to find the Kerberos services, they must have either a fully " @@ -36543,7 +36756,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24766 +#: book.translate.xml:24871 msgid "" "Next, create the Kerberos database which contains " "the keys of all principals (users and hosts) encrypted with a master " @@ -36554,7 +36767,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24775 +#: book.translate.xml:24880 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kstash\n" @@ -36563,7 +36776,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24779 +#: book.translate.xml:24884 msgid "" "Once the master key has been created, the database should be initialized. " "The Kerberos administrative tool " @@ -36578,7 +36791,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24790 +#: book.translate.xml:24895 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kadmin -l\n" @@ -36587,7 +36800,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24794 +#: book.translate.xml:24899 msgid "" "Lastly, while still in kadmin, create the first principal " "using add. Stick to the default options for the principal " @@ -36596,7 +36809,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24801 +#: book.translate.xml:24906 #, no-wrap msgid "" "kadmin> add tillman\n" @@ -36608,7 +36821,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24808 +#: book.translate.xml:24913 msgid "" "Next, start the KDC services by running service " "kdc start and service kadmind start. While " @@ -36618,7 +36831,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24816 +#: book.translate.xml:24921 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% kinit tillman\n" @@ -36626,14 +36839,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24819 +#: book.translate.xml:24924 msgid "" "Confirm that a ticket was successfully obtained using klist:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24822 +#: book.translate.xml:24927 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% klist\n" @@ -36645,28 +36858,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24829 +#: book.translate.xml:24934 msgid "The temporary ticket can be destroyed when the test is finished:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24832 +#: book.translate.xml:24937 #, no-wrap msgid "% kdestroy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24836 +#: book.translate.xml:24941 msgid "Configuring a Server to Use Kerberos" msgstr "設定伺服器使用 Kerberos" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24839 +#: book.translate.xml:24944 msgid "Kerberos5 enabling services" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24844 +#: book.translate.xml:24949 msgid "" "The first step in configuring a server to use Kerberos authentication is to ensure that it has the correct " @@ -36676,7 +36889,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24851 +#: book.translate.xml:24956 msgid "" "Next, create /etc/krb5.keytab on the server. This is " "the main part of Kerberizing a service — it corresponds to " @@ -36699,7 +36912,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24874 +#: book.translate.xml:24979 msgid "" "Of course, kadmin is a kerberized service; a " "Kerberos ticket is needed to authenticate to the " @@ -36719,7 +36932,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24891 +#: book.translate.xml:24996 msgid "" "After installing /etc/krb5.conf, use add --" "random-key in kadmin. This adds the server's " @@ -36729,7 +36942,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24899 +#: book.translate.xml:25004 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kadmin\n" @@ -36744,7 +36957,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24909 +#: book.translate.xml:25014 msgid "" "Note that ext_keytab stores the extracted key in " "/etc/krb5.keytab by default. This is good when being " @@ -36754,7 +36967,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24917 +#: book.translate.xml:25022 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kadmin\n" @@ -36763,7 +36976,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24921 +#: book.translate.xml:25026 msgid "" "The keytab can then be securely copied to the server using " "scp1KDC using its shared key, stored in krb5.keytab. " @@ -36785,13 +36998,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24937 +#: book.translate.xml:25042 #, no-wrap msgid "GSSAPIAuthentication yes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24939 +#: book.translate.xml:25044 msgid "" "After making this change, sshd8 must be restarted for " @@ -36803,17 +37016,17 @@ "service sshd restart。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24945 +#: book.translate.xml:25050 msgid "Configuring a Client to Use Kerberos" msgstr "設定客戶端使用 Kerberos" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24948 +#: book.translate.xml:25053 msgid "Kerberos5 configure clients" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24953 +#: book.translate.xml:25058 msgid "" "As it was for the server, the client requires configuration in /" "etc/krb5.conf. Copy the file in place (securely) or re-enter it " @@ -36821,7 +37034,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24957 +#: book.translate.xml:25062 msgid "" "Test the client by using kinit, klist, " "and kdestroy from the client to obtain, show, and then " @@ -36837,7 +37050,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24971 +#: book.translate.xml:25076 msgid "" "When testing a Kerberized application, try using a packet sniffer such as " "tcpdump to confirm that no sensitive information is sent " @@ -36845,7 +37058,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24975 +#: book.translate.xml:25080 msgid "" "Various Kerberos client applications are " "available. With the advent of a bridge so that applications using " @@ -36856,17 +37069,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24983 +#: book.translate.xml:25088 msgid ".k5login" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24987 +#: book.translate.xml:25092 msgid ".k5users" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24991 +#: book.translate.xml:25096 msgid "" "Users within a realm typically have their Kerberos principal mapped to a local user account. Occasionally, one " @@ -36879,7 +37092,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25000 +#: book.translate.xml:25105 msgid "" "The .k5login and .k5users files, " "placed in a user's home directory, can be used to solve this problem. For " @@ -36890,7 +37103,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25008 +#: book.translate.xml:25113 #, no-wrap msgid "" "tillman@example.org\n" @@ -36898,7 +37111,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25011 +#: book.translate.xml:25116 msgid "" "Refer to ksu1 for more information about .k5usersMIT Differences" msgstr "與 MIT 的差異" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25018 +#: book.translate.xml:25123 msgid "" "The major difference between the MIT and Heimdal " "implementations is that kadmin has a different, but " @@ -36922,7 +37135,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25026 +#: book.translate.xml:25131 msgid "" "Client applications may also use slightly different command line options to " "accomplish the same tasks. Following the instructions at KDC on FreeBSD, the " "following edits should also be made to rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25040 +#: book.translate.xml:25145 #, no-wrap msgid "" "kerberos5_server=\"/usr/local/sbin/krb5kdc\"\n" @@ -36952,19 +37165,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25048 +#: book.translate.xml:25153 msgid "Kerberos Tips, Tricks, and Troubleshooting" msgstr "Kerberos 提示、技巧與疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25051 +#: book.translate.xml:25156 msgid "" "When configuring and troubleshooting Kerberos, " "keep the following points in mind:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25057 +#: book.translate.xml:25162 msgid "" "When using either Heimdal or MIT Kerberos from ports, ensure that the PATH lists the " @@ -36972,7 +37185,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25064 +#: book.translate.xml:25169 msgid "" "If all the computers in the realm do not have synchronized time settings, " "authentication may fail. describes how to " @@ -36980,7 +37193,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25071 +#: book.translate.xml:25176 msgid "" "If the hostname is changed, the host/ principal must be changed and the keytab updated. This also " @@ -36990,7 +37203,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25078 +#: book.translate.xml:25183 msgid "" "All hosts in the realm must be both forward and reverse resolvable in " "DNS or, at a minimum, exist in /etc/hostsKDC do " "not set the permissions for ksu to be setuid MIT Kerberos, to allow a " "principal to have a ticket life longer than the default lifetime of ten " @@ -37024,7 +37237,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25112 +#: book.translate.xml:25217 msgid "" "When running a packet sniffer on the KDC to aid in " "troubleshooting while running kinit from a workstation, " @@ -37046,7 +37259,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25139 +#: book.translate.xml:25244 msgid "" "Host principals can have a longer ticket lifetime. If the user principal has " "a lifetime of a week but the host being connected to has a lifetime of nine " @@ -37055,7 +37268,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25147 +#: book.translate.xml:25252 msgid "" "When setting up krb5.dict to prevent specific bad " "passwords from being used as described in " @@ -37067,19 +37280,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25161 +#: book.translate.xml:25266 msgid "Mitigating Kerberos Limitations" msgstr "減輕 Kerberos 的限制" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25164 +#: book.translate.xml:25269 msgid "" "Kerberos5 limitations and shortcomings" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25169 +#: book.translate.xml:25274 msgid "" "Since Kerberos is an all or nothing approach, " "every service enabled on the network must either be modified to work with " @@ -37091,7 +37304,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25179 +#: book.translate.xml:25284 msgid "" "The KDC is a single point of failure. By design, the " "KDC must be as secure as its master password database. " @@ -37102,7 +37315,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25188 +#: book.translate.xml:25293 msgid "" "A compromised master key is not quite as bad as one might fear. The master " "key is only used to encrypt the Kerberos database " @@ -37112,7 +37325,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25195 +#: book.translate.xml:25300 msgid "" "If the KDC is unavailable, network services are unusable " "as authentication cannot be performed. This can be alleviated with a single " @@ -37122,7 +37335,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25202 +#: book.translate.xml:25307 msgid "" "Kerberos allows users, hosts and services to " "authenticate between themselves. It does not have a mechanism to " @@ -37133,63 +37346,63 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25213 +#: book.translate.xml:25318 msgid "Resources and Further Information" msgstr "相關資源與延伸資訊" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25215 +#: book.translate.xml:25320 msgid "Kerberos5 external resources" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25222 +#: book.translate.xml:25327 msgid "" " The Kerberos FAQ" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25228 +#: book.translate.xml:25333 msgid "" "Designing " "an Authentication System: a Dialog in Four Scenes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25234 +#: book.translate.xml:25339 msgid "" -"RFC " -"4120, The Kerberos Network Authentication Service " -"(V5)" +"RFC 4120, The " +"Kerberos Network Authentication Service (V5)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25240 +#: book.translate.xml:25345 msgid "" "MIT " "Kerberos home page" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25246 +#: book.translate.xml:25351 msgid "" -"Heimdal " -"Kerberos home page" +"Heimdal Kerberos home page" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:25256 +#: book.translate.xml:25361 msgid "OpenSSL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25264 +#: book.translate.xml:25369 msgid "security OpenSSL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25269 +#: book.translate.xml:25374 msgid "" "OpenSSL is an open source implementation of the " "SSL and TLS protocols. It provides an " @@ -37198,49 +37411,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25276 +#: book.translate.xml:25381 msgid "" "The version of OpenSSL included in FreeBSD " -"supports the Secure Sockets Layer v2/v3 (SSLv2/SSLv3) and Transport Layer " -"Security v1 (TLSv1) network security protocols and can be used as a general " -"cryptographic library." +"supports the Secure Sockets Layer 3.0 (SSLv3) and Transport Layer Security " +"1.0/1.1/1.2 (TLSv1/TLSv1.1/TLSv1.2) network security protocols and can be " +"used as a general cryptographic library. In FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE and above, " +"OpenSSL also supports Transport Layer Security 1.3 (TLSv1.3)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25282 +#: book.translate.xml:25389 msgid "" "OpenSSL is often used to encrypt authentication " "of mail clients and to secure web based transactions such as credit card " "payments. Some ports, such as www/apache24 and " -"databases/postgresql91-server, include a compile option " -"for building with OpenSSL." +"databases/postgresql11-server, include a compile option " +"for building with OpenSSL. If selected, the port " +"will add support using OpenSSL from the base " +"system. To instead have the port compile against OpenSSL from the security/openssl port, add the " +"following to /etc/make.conf:" msgstr "" -#. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25290 -msgid "" -"FreeBSD provides two versions of OpenSSL: one in " -"the base system and one in the Ports Collection. Users can choose which " -"version to use by default for other ports using the following knobs:" +#. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting +#: book.translate.xml:25402 +#, no-wrap +msgid "DEFAULT_VERSIONS+= ssl=openssl" msgstr "" -#. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25297 -msgid "" -"WITH_OPENSSL_PORT: when set, the port will use OpenSSL from the security/openssl port, even if the " -"version in the base system is up to date or newer." -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25304 -msgid "" -"WITH_OPENSSL_BASE: when set, the port will compile against " -"OpenSSL provided by the base system." -msgstr "" - #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25310 +#: book.translate.xml:25404 msgid "" "Another common use of OpenSSL is to provide " "certificates for use with software applications. Certificates can be used to " @@ -37255,7 +37456,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25323 +#: book.translate.xml:25417 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to create and use certificates on a FreeBSD " "system. Refer to for an example of how to " @@ -37263,7 +37464,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25328 +#: book.translate.xml:25422 msgid "" "For more information about SSL, read the free OpenSSL " @@ -37271,18 +37472,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25333 +#: book.translate.xml:25427 msgid "Generating Certificates" msgstr "產生憑証" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25335 +#: book.translate.xml:25429 msgid "" "OpenSSL certificate generation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25340 +#: book.translate.xml:25434 msgid "" "To generate a certificate that will be signed by an external CA, issue the following command and input the information requested at " @@ -37295,7 +37496,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25350 +#: book.translate.xml:25444 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# openssl req -new -nodes -out req.pem -keyout cert.key -sha256 -newkey rsa:2048\n" @@ -37326,7 +37527,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25376 +#: book.translate.xml:25470 msgid "" "Other options, such as the expire time and alternate encryption algorithms, " "are available when creating a certificate. A complete list of options is " @@ -37335,7 +37536,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25381 +#: book.translate.xml:25475 msgid "" "This command will create two files in the current directory. The certificate " "request, req.pem, can be sent to a CACA is not required, a " "self-signed certificate can be created. First, generate the RSA# openssl genrsa -rand -genkey -out cert.key 2048\n" @@ -37367,14 +37568,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25403 +#: book.translate.xml:25497 msgid "" "Use this key to create a self-signed certificate. Follow the usual prompts " "for creating a certificate:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25406 +#: book.translate.xml:25500 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -key cert.key -out cert.crt -sha256\n" @@ -37395,7 +37596,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25422 +#: book.translate.xml:25516 msgid "" "This will create two new files in the current directory: a private key file " "cert.key, and the certificate itself, cert." @@ -37406,12 +37607,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25433 +#: book.translate.xml:25527 msgid "Using Certificates" msgstr "使用憑證" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25435 +#: book.translate.xml:25529 msgid "" "One use for a certificate is to encrypt connections to the " "Sendmail mail server in order to prevent the use " @@ -37419,7 +37620,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:25440 +#: book.translate.xml:25534 msgid "" "Some mail clients will display an error if the user has not installed a " "local copy of the certificate. Refer to the documentation included with the " @@ -37427,7 +37628,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25446 +#: book.translate.xml:25540 msgid "" "In FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE and above, it is possible to create a self-signed " "certificate for Sendmail automatically. To enable " @@ -37435,7 +37636,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25452 +#: book.translate.xml:25546 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sendmail_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -37444,7 +37645,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25456 +#: book.translate.xml:25550 msgid "" "This will automatically create a self-signed certificate, /etc/" "mail/certs/host.cert, a signing key, /etc/mail/certs/" @@ -37455,13 +37656,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25465 +#: book.translate.xml:25559 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sendmail restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25467 +#: book.translate.xml:25561 msgid "" "If all went well, there will be no error messages in /var/log/" "maillog. For a simple test, connect to the mail server's " @@ -37469,7 +37670,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25472 +#: book.translate.xml:25566 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# telnet example.com 25\n" @@ -37495,19 +37696,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25493 +#: book.translate.xml:25587 msgid "" "If the STARTTLS line appears in the output, everything is " "working correctly." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:25500 +#: book.translate.xml:25594 msgid "VPN over IPsec" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: affiliation/address -#: book.translate.xml:25510 +#: book.translate.xml:25604 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -37516,7 +37717,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:25504 +#: book.translate.xml:25598 msgid "" " Nik Clayton <_:address-1/> Written by " @@ -37524,7 +37725,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: affiliation/address -#: book.translate.xml:25525 +#: book.translate.xml:25619 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -37533,7 +37734,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:25519 +#: book.translate.xml:25613 msgid "" " Hiten M. Pandya <_:address-1/> Written by " @@ -37541,12 +37742,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25534 +#: book.translate.xml:25628 msgid "IPsec" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25538 +#: book.translate.xml:25632 msgid "" "Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a set of protocols " "which sit on top of the Internet Protocol (IP) layer. It " @@ -37559,22 +37760,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25548 +#: book.translate.xml:25642 msgid "IPsec ESP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25553 +#: book.translate.xml:25647 msgid "IPsec AH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25558 +#: book.translate.xml:25652 msgid "IPsec is comprised of the following sub-protocols:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25563 +#: book.translate.xml:25657 msgid "" "Encapsulated Security Payload (ESP): " "this protocol protects the IP packet data from third " @@ -37583,7 +37784,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25572 +#: book.translate.xml:25666 msgid "" "Authentication Header (AH): this " "protocol protects the IP packet header from third party " @@ -37594,7 +37795,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25584 +#: book.translate.xml:25678 msgid "" "IP Payload Compression Protocol (IPComp): this protocol tries to increase communication performance by " @@ -37603,24 +37804,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25592 +#: book.translate.xml:25686 msgid "" "These protocols can either be used together or separately, depending on the " "environment." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25595 +#: book.translate.xml:25689 msgid "VPN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25599 +#: book.translate.xml:25693 msgid "virtual private network VPN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25604 +#: book.translate.xml:25698 msgid "" "IPsec supports two modes of operation. The first mode, " "Transport Mode, protects communications between two " @@ -37632,7 +37833,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25613 +#: book.translate.xml:25707 msgid "" "IPsec support is enabled by default on FreeBSD 11 and " "later. For previous versions of FreeBSD, add these options to a custom " @@ -37644,12 +37845,12 @@ "\"kernelconfig\"/> 的指示來重新編譯核心：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25618 +#: book.translate.xml:25712 msgid "kernel options IPSEC" msgstr "核心選項 IPSEC" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25623 +#: book.translate.xml:25717 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options IPSEC #IP security\n" @@ -37657,25 +37858,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25626 +#: book.translate.xml:25720 msgid "kernel options IPSEC_DEBUG" msgstr "核心選項 IPSEC_DEBUG" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25631 +#: book.translate.xml:25725 msgid "" "If IPsec debugging support is desired, the following " "kernel option should also be added:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25634 +#: book.translate.xml:25728 #, no-wrap msgid "options IPSEC_DEBUG #debug for IP security" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25636 +#: book.translate.xml:25730 msgid "" "This rest of this chapter demonstrates the process of setting up an " "IPsec VPN between a home network and a " @@ -37683,14 +37884,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25643 +#: book.translate.xml:25737 msgid "" "Both sites are connected to the Internet through a gateway that is running " "FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25648 +#: book.translate.xml:25742 msgid "" "The gateway on each network has at least one external IP " "address. In this example, the corporate LAN's external " @@ -37701,7 +37902,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25657 +#: book.translate.xml:25751 msgid "" "The internal addresses of the two networks can be either public or private " "IP addresses. However, the address space must not " @@ -37714,12 +37915,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:25670 +#: book.translate.xml:25764 msgid "Configuring a VPN on FreeBSD" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 上設定 VPN" #. (itstool) path: affiliation/address -#: book.translate.xml:25679 +#: book.translate.xml:25773 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -37728,7 +37929,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:25673 +#: book.translate.xml:25767 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes <_:address-1/> Written by " @@ -37736,7 +37937,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25688 +#: book.translate.xml:25782 msgid "" "To begin, security/ipsec-tools must be installed from the " "Ports Collection. This software provides a number of applications which " @@ -37744,7 +37945,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25692 +#: book.translate.xml:25786 msgid "" "The next requirement is to create two gif4 pseudo-devices which " @@ -37756,7 +37957,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25700 +#: book.translate.xml:25794 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig gif0 create\n" @@ -37765,14 +37966,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25704 +#: book.translate.xml:25798 msgid "" "Verify the setup on each gateway, using ifconfig. Here is " "the output from Gateway 1:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25708 +#: book.translate.xml:25802 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gif0: flags=8051 mtu 1280\n" @@ -37782,12 +37983,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25713 +#: book.translate.xml:25807 msgid "Here is the output from Gateway 2:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25715 +#: book.translate.xml:25809 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gif0: flags=8051 mtu 1280\n" @@ -37797,7 +37998,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25720 +#: book.translate.xml:25814 msgid "" "Once complete, both internal IP addresses should be " "reachable using pingICMP packets from the privately configured addresses. Next, both " @@ -37840,7 +38041,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25751 +#: book.translate.xml:25845 #, no-wrap msgid "" "corp-net# route add 10.0.0.0 10.0.0.5 255.255.255.0\n" @@ -37850,7 +38051,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25756 +#: book.translate.xml:25850 msgid "" "At this point, internal machines should be reachable from each gateway as " "well as from machines behind the gateways. Again, use " @@ -37859,7 +38060,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25760 +#: book.translate.xml:25854 #, no-wrap msgid "" "corp-net# ping 10.0.0.8\n" @@ -37886,7 +38087,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25782 +#: book.translate.xml:25876 msgid "" "Setting up the tunnels is the easy part. Configuring a secure link is a more " "in depth process. The following configuration uses pre-shared (PSKracoon.conf." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25851 +#: book.translate.xml:25945 msgid "" "The Security Policy Database (SPD) needs to be configured " "so that FreeBSD and racoon are able to encrypt " @@ -37974,7 +38175,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25856 +#: book.translate.xml:25950 msgid "" "This can be achieved with a shell script, similar to the following, on the " "corporate gateway. This file will be used during system initialization and " @@ -37982,7 +38183,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25861 +#: book.translate.xml:25955 #, no-wrap msgid "" "flush;\n" @@ -37993,25 +38194,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25867 +#: book.translate.xml:25961 msgid "" "Once in place, racoon may be started on both " "gateways using the following command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25870 +#: book.translate.xml:25964 #, no-wrap msgid "# /usr/local/sbin/racoon -F -f /usr/local/etc/racoon/racoon.conf -l /var/log/racoon.log" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25872 +#: book.translate.xml:25966 msgid "The output should be similar to the following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25874 +#: book.translate.xml:25968 #, no-wrap msgid "" "corp-net# /usr/local/sbin/racoon -F -f /usr/local/etc/racoon/racoon.conf\n" @@ -38029,7 +38230,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25887 +#: book.translate.xml:25981 msgid "" "To ensure the tunnel is working properly, switch to another console and use " "tcpdump1# tcpdump -i em0 host 172.16.5.4 and dst 192.168.1.12" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25895 +#: book.translate.xml:25989 msgid "" "Data similar to the following should appear on the console. If not, there is " "an issue and debugging the returned data will be required." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25899 +#: book.translate.xml:25993 #, no-wrap msgid "" "01:47:32.021683 IP corporatenetwork.com > 192.168.1.12.privatenetwork.com: ESP(spi=0x02acbf9f,seq=0xa)\n" @@ -38061,7 +38262,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25903 +#: book.translate.xml:25997 msgid "" "At this point, both networks should be available and seem to be part of the " "same network. Most likely both networks are protected by a firewall. To " @@ -38072,7 +38273,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25910 +#: book.translate.xml:26004 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ipfw add 00201 allow log esp from any to any\n" @@ -38082,14 +38283,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:25916 +#: book.translate.xml:26010 msgid "" "The rule numbers may need to be altered depending on the current host " "configuration." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25920 +#: book.translate.xml:26014 msgid "" "For users of pf4 or ipfVPN during system initialization, add the following lines to /" @@ -38122,7 +38323,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25938 +#: book.translate.xml:26032 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ipsec_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -38132,29 +38333,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:25947 +#: book.translate.xml:26041 msgid "OpenSSH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:25950 +#: book.translate.xml:26044 msgid "" "ChernLeeContributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25956 +#: book.translate.xml:26050 msgid "OpenSSH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25957 +#: book.translate.xml:26051 msgid "security OpenSSH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25962 +#: book.translate.xml:26056 msgid "" "OpenSSH is a set of network connectivity tools " "used to provide secure access to remote machines. Additionally, TCP/" @@ -38170,7 +38371,7 @@ "線劫持 (Connection hijacking) 與其他網路層的攻擊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25971 +#: book.translate.xml:26065 msgid "" "OpenSSH is maintained by the OpenBSD project and " "is installed by default in FreeBSD. It is compatible with both SSHSSH 版本 1 與 2 通訊協定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25976 +#: book.translate.xml:26070 msgid "" "When data is sent over the network in an unencrypted form, network sniffers " "anywhere in between the client and server can steal user/password " @@ -38197,7 +38398,7 @@ "\"http://www.openssh.com/\">http://www.openssh.com/ 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25984 +#: book.translate.xml:26078 msgid "" "This section provides an overview of the built-in client utilities to " "securely access other systems and securely transfer files from a FreeBSD " @@ -38210,17 +38411,17 @@ "服器。更多的資訊可於本章節所提及的操作手冊 (Man page) 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25992 +#: book.translate.xml:26086 msgid "Using the SSH Client Utilities" msgstr "使用 SSH 客戶端工具" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25994 +#: book.translate.xml:26088 msgid "OpenSSH client" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25999 +#: book.translate.xml:26093 msgid "" "To log into a SSH server, use ssh and " "specify a username that exists on that server and the IP " @@ -38233,7 +38434,7 @@ "稱。若這是第一次連線到指定的伺服器，會提示該使用者伺服器的指紋做第一次檢驗：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26006 +#: book.translate.xml:26100 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ssh user@example.com\n" @@ -38245,7 +38446,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26013 +#: book.translate.xml:26107 msgid "" "SSH utilizes a key fingerprint system to verify the " "authenticity of the server when the client connects. When the user accepts " @@ -38265,7 +38466,7 @@ "前檢查金鑰變動的原因。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26025 +#: book.translate.xml:26119 msgid "" "By default, recent versions of OpenSSH only " "accept SSHv2 connections. By default, the client will use " @@ -38283,19 +38484,19 @@ "manvolnum> 中有說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26034 +#: book.translate.xml:26128 msgid "OpenSSH secure copy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26038 +#: book.translate.xml:26132 msgid "" "scp1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26042 +#: book.translate.xml:26136 msgid "" "Use scp1 to securely copy a file to or from a remote " @@ -38308,7 +38509,7 @@ "端主機的 COPYRIGHT 到本地主機的目前目錄：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26048 +#: book.translate.xml:26142 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# scp user@example.com:/COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHT\n" @@ -38319,7 +38520,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26054 +#: book.translate.xml:26148 msgid "" "Since the fingerprint was already verified for this host, the server's key " "is automatically checked before prompting for the user's password." @@ -38327,7 +38528,7 @@ "由於這個主機的指紋已驗證過，在提示用者輸入密碼之前伺服器的金鑰已自動檢查。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26058 +#: book.translate.xml:26152 msgid "" "The arguments passed to scp are similar to cp. The file or files to copy is the first argument and the " @@ -38344,7 +38545,7 @@ "cp 使用 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26068 +#: book.translate.xml:26162 msgid "" "To open an interactive session for copying files, use sftp. Refer to sftp 來取得在 sftp 連線時可用的指令清單。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:26074 +#: book.translate.xml:26168 msgid "Key-based Authentication" msgstr "以金鑰為基礎的認證" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26076 +#: book.translate.xml:26170 msgid "" "Instead of using passwords, a client can be configured to connect to the " "remote machine using keys. To generate RSA authentication " @@ -38375,7 +38576,7 @@ "碼來保護這個金鑰。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26085 +#: book.translate.xml:26179 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh-keygen -t rsa\n" @@ -38402,17 +38603,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:26109 +#: book.translate.xml:26203 msgid "Type a passphrase here. It can contain spaces and symbols." msgstr "在此輸入密碼，密碼不可含有空白或符號。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:26114 +#: book.translate.xml:26208 msgid "Retype the passphrase to verify it." msgstr "再輸入一次密碼驗證。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26119 +#: book.translate.xml:26213 msgid "" "The private key is stored in ~/.ssh/id_rsa and the " "public key is stored in ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The " @@ -38425,7 +38626,7 @@ "~/.ssh/authorized_keys 來讓以金鑰為基礎的認証可以運作。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:26130 +#: book.translate.xml:26224 msgid "" "Many users believe that keys are secure by design and will use a key without " "a passphrase. This is dangerous behavior. An " @@ -38446,7 +38647,7 @@ "入。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26146 +#: book.translate.xml:26240 msgid "" "The options and files vary with different versions of OpenSSH. To avoid problems, consult ssh-" @@ -38457,7 +38658,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26150 +#: book.translate.xml:26244 msgid "" "If a passphrase is used, the user is prompted for the passphrase each time a " "connection is made to the server. To load SSH keys into " @@ -38473,7 +38674,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26156 +#: book.translate.xml:26250 msgid "" "Authentication is handled by ssh-agent, using the private " "keys that are loaded into it. ssh-agent can be used to " @@ -38483,7 +38684,7 @@ "agent 可用在執行其他應用程式，如 Shell 或視窗管理程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26162 +#: book.translate.xml:26256 msgid "" "To use ssh-agent in a shell, start it with a shell as an " "argument. Add the identity by running ssh-add and " @@ -38497,7 +38698,7 @@ "應公鑰的主機，例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26170 +#: book.translate.xml:26264 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh-agent csh\n" @@ -38508,12 +38709,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:26178 +#: book.translate.xml:26272 msgid "Enter the passphrase for the key." msgstr "輸入金鑰的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26182 +#: book.translate.xml:26276 msgid "" "To use ssh-agent in Xorg, add " "an entry for it in ~/.xinitrc. This provides the " @@ -38527,13 +38728,13 @@ "~/.xinitrc 範例如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26189 +#: book.translate.xml:26283 #, no-wrap msgid "exec ssh-agent startxfce4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26191 +#: book.translate.xml:26285 msgid "" "This launches ssh-agent, which in turn launches " "XFCE, every time Xorg " @@ -38547,17 +38748,17 @@ "ssh-add 來載入所有的 SSH 金鑰。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:26200 +#: book.translate.xml:26294 msgid "SSH Tunneling" msgstr "SSH 通道" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26202 +#: book.translate.xml:26296 msgid "OpenSSH tunneling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26207 +#: book.translate.xml:26301 msgid "" "OpenSSH has the ability to create a tunnel to " "encapsulate another protocol in an encrypted session." @@ -38566,7 +38767,7 @@ "定到一個加密的連線。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26211 +#: book.translate.xml:26305 msgid "" "The following command tells ssh to create a tunnel for " "telnet:" @@ -38575,7 +38776,7 @@ "application> 使用的通道：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26215 +#: book.translate.xml:26309 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh -2 -N -f -L 5023:localhost:23 user@foo.example.com\n" @@ -38583,28 +38784,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26218 +#: book.translate.xml:26312 msgid "This example uses the following options:" msgstr "這個例子使用了以下選項：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:26222 +#: book.translate.xml:26316 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26225 +#: book.translate.xml:26319 msgid "" "Forces ssh to use version 2 to connect to the server." msgstr "強制 ssh 使用版本 2 的通訊協定連線到伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:26231 +#: book.translate.xml:26325 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26234 +#: book.translate.xml:26328 msgid "" "Indicates no command, or tunnel only. If omitted, ssh " "initiates a normal session." @@ -38613,17 +38814,17 @@ "個正常的連線。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26244 +#: book.translate.xml:26338 msgid "Forces ssh to run in the background." msgstr "強制 ssh 在背景執行。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:26250 +#: book.translate.xml:26344 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26253 +#: book.translate.xml:26347 msgid "" "Indicates a local tunnel in localport:remotehost:remoteport format." @@ -38632,18 +38833,18 @@ "replaceable> 格式。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:26260 +#: book.translate.xml:26354 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26263 +#: book.translate.xml:26357 msgid "" "The login name to use on the specified remote SSH server." msgstr "在指定的遠端 SSH 伺服器要使用的登入名稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26269 +#: book.translate.xml:26363 msgid "" "An SSH tunnel works by creating a listen socket on " "localhost on the specified localport 連線。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26281 +#: book.translate.xml:26375 msgid "" "This method can be used to wrap any number of insecure TCP protocols such as SMTP, POP3, " @@ -38676,12 +38877,12 @@ "acronym>，如下例所示。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:26288 +#: book.translate.xml:26382 msgid "Create a Secure Tunnel for SMTP" msgstr "建立供 SMTP 使用的安全通道" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26291 +#: book.translate.xml:26385 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh -2 -N -f -L 5025:localhost:25 user@mailserver.example.com\n" @@ -38694,7 +38895,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26299 +#: book.translate.xml:26393 msgid "" "This can be used in conjunction with ssh-keygen and " "additional user accounts to create a more seamless SSH " @@ -38706,12 +38907,12 @@ "便可以另一個使用者執行。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:26308 +#: book.translate.xml:26402 msgid "Secure Access of a POP3 Server" msgstr "安全存取 POP3 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26311 +#: book.translate.xml:26405 msgid "" "In this example, there is an SSH server that accepts " "connections from the outside. On the same network resides a mail server " @@ -38725,7 +38926,7 @@ "acronym> 伺服器然後透過通道連線到郵件伺服器：" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26319 +#: book.translate.xml:26413 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh -2 -N -f -L 2110:mail.example.com:110 user@ssh-server.example.com\n" @@ -38733,7 +38934,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26322 +#: book.translate.xml:26416 msgid "" "Once the tunnel is up and running, point the email client to send " "POP3 requests to localhost on " @@ -38745,12 +38946,12 @@ "轉送到 mail.example.com。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:26330 +#: book.translate.xml:26424 msgid "Bypassing a Firewall" msgstr "跳過防火牆" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26332 +#: book.translate.xml:26426 msgid "" "Some firewalls filter both incoming and outgoing connections. For example, a " "firewall might limit access from remote machines to ports 22 and 80 to only " @@ -38762,7 +38963,7 @@ "得 Port 使用 22 或 80 以外的服務無法存取。" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26340 +#: book.translate.xml:26434 msgid "" "The solution is to create an SSH connection to a machine " "outside of the network's firewall and use it to tunnel to the desired " @@ -38772,7 +38973,7 @@ "然後使用該連線的通道連到想要使用的服務：" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26344 +#: book.translate.xml:26438 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh -2 -N -f -L 8888:music.example.com:8000 user@unfirewalled-system.example.org\n" @@ -38780,7 +38981,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26347 +#: book.translate.xml:26441 msgid "" "In this example, a streaming Ogg Vorbis client can now be pointed to " "localhost port 8888, which will be forwarded over " @@ -38792,17 +38993,17 @@ "systemitem> 於 Port 8000，成功的跳過防火牆。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:26357 +#: book.translate.xml:26451 msgid "Enabling the SSH Server" msgstr "開啟 SSH 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26359 +#: book.translate.xml:26453 msgid "OpenSSH enabling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26364 +#: book.translate.xml:26458 msgid "" "In addition to providing built-in SSH client utilities, a " "FreeBSD system can be configured as an SSH server, " @@ -38813,7 +39014,7 @@ "戶端的連線。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26369 +#: book.translate.xml:26463 msgid "" "To see if sshd is operating, use the " "service8 指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26372 +#: book.translate.xml:26466 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd status" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26374 +#: book.translate.xml:26468 msgid "" "If the service is not running, add the following line to /etc/rc." "conf." msgstr "若服務未執行，請加入下行到 /etc/rc.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26377 +#: book.translate.xml:26471 #, no-wrap msgid "sshd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26379 +#: book.translate.xml:26473 msgid "" "This will start sshd, the daemon program for " "OpenSSH, the next time the system boots. To start " @@ -38853,13 +39054,13 @@ "sshd。若要立即啟動：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26383 +#: book.translate.xml:26477 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26385 +#: book.translate.xml:26479 msgid "" "The first time sshd starts on a FreeBSD system, " "the system's host keys will be automatically created and the fingerprint " @@ -38871,7 +39072,7 @@ "時驗證用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26391 +#: book.translate.xml:26485 msgid "" "Refer to sshd8 for the list of available options when starting " @@ -38883,7 +39084,7 @@ "選項的清單以及更多完整有關認証、登入程序與各種設定檔的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26396 +#: book.translate.xml:26490 msgid "" "At this point, the sshd should be available to " "all users with a username and password on the system." @@ -38892,12 +39093,12 @@ "使用者使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:26402 +#: book.translate.xml:26496 msgid "SSH Server Security" msgstr "SSH 伺服器安全性" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26404 +#: book.translate.xml:26498 msgid "" "While sshd is the most widely used remote " "administration facility for FreeBSD, brute force and drive by attacks are " @@ -38910,7 +39111,7 @@ "過攻擊 (Drive by attack)。在本節會介紹一些可用來避免這些攻擊的參數。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26411 +#: book.translate.xml:26505 msgid "" "It is a good idea to limit which users can log into the SSH server and from where using the AllowUsers " @@ -38927,13 +39128,13 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26419 +#: book.translate.xml:26513 #, no-wrap msgid "AllowUsers root@192.168.1.32" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26421 +#: book.translate.xml:26515 msgid "" "To allow admin to log in from " "anywhere, list that user without specifying an IP address:" @@ -38942,40 +39143,39 @@ "可只列出使用者名稱，不指定 IP 位址：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26425 +#: book.translate.xml:26519 #, no-wrap msgid "AllowUsers admin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26427 +#: book.translate.xml:26521 msgid "Multiple users should be listed on the same line, like so:" msgstr "有多位使用者也應列在同一行，例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26430 +#: book.translate.xml:26524 #, no-wrap msgid "AllowUsers root@192.168.1.32 admin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26432 +#: book.translate.xml:26526 msgid "" "After making changes to /etc/ssh/sshd_config, tell " "sshd to reload its configuration file by running:" msgstr "" "在對 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 做完變更後，執行以下指令告訴 " -"sshd 重新載入設定檔：\n" -" " +"sshd 重新載入設定檔：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26437 +#: book.translate.xml:26531 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd reload" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:26440 +#: book.translate.xml:26534 msgid "" "When this keyword is used, it is important to list each user that needs to " "log into this machine. Any user that is not specified in that line will be " @@ -38995,7 +39195,7 @@ "manvolnum> 來檢查拼寫以及可用的關鍵字。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26452 +#: book.translate.xml:26546 msgid "" "In addition, users may be forced to use two factor authentication via the " "use of a public and private key. When required, the user may generate a key " @@ -39014,13 +39214,13 @@ "者只能使用這個金鑰，可能需要設定以下選項：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26461 +#: book.translate.xml:26555 #, no-wrap msgid "AuthenticationMethods publickey" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:26464 +#: book.translate.xml:26558 msgid "" "Do not confuse /etc/ssh/sshd_config with /etc/" "ssh/ssh_config (note the extra d in the first " @@ -39036,25 +39236,25 @@ "manvolnum> 來取得可用的客戶端設定清單。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:26476 +#: book.translate.xml:26570 msgid "Access Control Lists" msgstr "存取控制清單" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:26479 book.translate.xml:26624 book.translate.xml:26700 -#: book.translate.xml:27020 book.translate.xml:27085 book.translate.xml:27439 +#: book.translate.xml:26573 book.translate.xml:26718 book.translate.xml:26794 +#: book.translate.xml:27114 book.translate.xml:27189 book.translate.xml:27543 msgid "" "TomRhodesContributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26484 +#: book.translate.xml:26578 msgid "ACL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26488 +#: book.translate.xml:26582 msgid "" "Access Control Lists (ACLs) extend the standard " "UNIX permission model in a " @@ -39064,7 +39264,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26493 +#: book.translate.xml:26587 msgid "" "The FreeBSD GENERIC kernel provides ACL support for UFS file systems. Users who prefer " @@ -39073,13 +39273,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26499 +#: book.translate.xml:26593 #, no-wrap msgid "options UFS_ACL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26501 +#: book.translate.xml:26595 msgid "" "If this option is not compiled in, a warning message will be displayed when " "attempting to mount a file system with ACL support. " @@ -39088,19 +39288,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26507 +#: book.translate.xml:26601 msgid "" "This chapter describes how to enable ACL support and " "provides some usage examples." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:26512 +#: book.translate.xml:26606 msgid "Enabling ACL Support" msgstr "開啟 ACL 支援" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26514 +#: book.translate.xml:26608 msgid "" "ACLs are enabled by the mount-time administrative flag, " ", which may be added to /etc/fstabmount -u as it requires a complete umount and fresh " @@ -39123,7 +39323,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26535 +#: book.translate.xml:26629 msgid "" "Setting the superblock flag causes the file system to always be mounted with " "ACLs enabled, even if there is not an fstabACLs enabled because nasty things can happen if ACLs " @@ -39146,14 +39346,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26559 +#: book.translate.xml:26653 msgid "" "File systems with ACLs enabled will show a plus (" "+) sign in their permission settings:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26563 +#: book.translate.xml:26657 #, no-wrap msgid "" "drwx------ 2 robert robert 512 Dec 27 11:54 private\n" @@ -39164,7 +39364,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26569 +#: book.translate.xml:26663 msgid "" "In this example, directory1, directory2, and directory3 are all taking advantage of " @@ -39172,12 +39372,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:26577 +#: book.translate.xml:26671 msgid "Using ACLs" msgstr "使用 ACL" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26579 +#: book.translate.xml:26673 msgid "" "File system ACLs can be viewed using getfacl. For instance, to view the ACL settings on " @@ -39185,7 +39385,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26584 +#: book.translate.xml:26678 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% getfacl test\n" @@ -39198,7 +39398,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26592 +#: book.translate.xml:26686 msgid "" "To change the ACL settings on this file, use " "setfacl. To remove all of the currently defined " @@ -39208,26 +39408,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26599 +#: book.translate.xml:26693 #, no-wrap msgid "% setfacl -k test" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26601 +#: book.translate.xml:26695 msgid "" "To modify the default ACL entries, use channels, so be careful " @@ -40082,24 +40296,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:27302 +#: book.translate.xml:27406 msgid "sbsize" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:27303 +#: book.translate.xml:27407 msgid "" "The limit on the amount of network memory a user may consume. This can be " "generally used to limit network communications." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:27309 +#: book.translate.xml:27413 msgid "stacksize" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:27310 +#: book.translate.xml:27414 msgid "" "The maximum size of a process stack. This alone is not sufficient to limit " "the amount of memory a program may use, so it should be used in conjunction " @@ -40107,19 +40321,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27319 +#: book.translate.xml:27423 msgid "There are a few other things to remember when setting resource limits:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27324 +#: book.translate.xml:27428 msgid "" "Processes started at system startup by /etc/rc are " "assigned to the daemon login class." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27330 +#: book.translate.xml:27434 msgid "" "Although the default /etc/login.conf is a good source " "of reasonable values for most limits, they may not be appropriate for every " @@ -40128,14 +40342,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27339 +#: book.translate.xml:27443 msgid "" "Xorg takes a lot of resources and encourages " "users to run more programs simultaneously." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27345 +#: book.translate.xml:27449 msgid "" "Many limits apply to individual processes, not the user as a whole. For " "example, setting openfiles to 50 means " @@ -40146,7 +40360,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27356 +#: book.translate.xml:27460 msgid "" "For further information on resource limits and login classes and " "capabilities in general, refer to cap_mkdbkern.racct.enable tunable must be set to a non-zero " "value. Custom kernels require specific configuration:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27369 +#: book.translate.xml:27473 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options RACCT\n" @@ -40177,27 +40391,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27372 +#: book.translate.xml:27476 msgid "" "Once the system has rebooted into the new kernel, rctl " "may be used to set rules for the system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27376 +#: book.translate.xml:27480 msgid "" "Rule syntax is controlled through the use of a subject, subject-id, " "resource, and action, as seen in this example rule:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27380 +#: book.translate.xml:27484 #, no-wrap msgid "user:trhodes:maxproc:deny=10/user" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27382 +#: book.translate.xml:27486 msgid "" "In this rule, the subject is user, the subject-id is " "trhodes, the resource, maxproc, is the " @@ -40211,7 +40425,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27393 +#: book.translate.xml:27497 msgid "" "Some care must be taken when adding rules. Since this user is constrained to " "10 processes, this example will prevent the user from " @@ -40221,7 +40435,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27400 +#: book.translate.xml:27504 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% man test\n" @@ -40230,20 +40444,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27404 +#: book.translate.xml:27508 msgid "" "As another example, a jail can be prevented from exceeding a memory limit. " "This rule could be written as:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27407 +#: book.translate.xml:27511 #, no-wrap msgid "# rctl -a jail:httpd:memoryuse:deny=2G/jail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27409 +#: book.translate.xml:27513 msgid "" "Rules will persist across reboots if they have been added to /etc/" "rctl.conf. The format is a rule, without the preceding command. " @@ -40251,7 +40465,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27414 +#: book.translate.xml:27518 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Block jail from using more than 2G memory:\n" @@ -40259,19 +40473,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27417 +#: book.translate.xml:27521 msgid "" "To remove a rule, use rctl to remove it from the list:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27420 +#: book.translate.xml:27524 #, no-wrap msgid "# rctl -r user:trhodes:maxproc:deny=10/user" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27422 +#: book.translate.xml:27526 msgid "" "A method for removing all rules is documented in " "rctl8# rctl -r user:trhodes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27428 +#: book.translate.xml:27532 msgid "" "Many other resources exist which can be used to exert additional control " "over various subjects. See " @@ -40295,17 +40509,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:27436 +#: book.translate.xml:27540 msgid "Shared Administration with Sudo" msgstr "使用 Sudo 分享管理權限" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:27444 +#: book.translate.xml:27548 msgid "Security Sudo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27449 +#: book.translate.xml:27553 msgid "" "System administrators often need the ability to grant enhanced permissions " "to users so they may perform privileged tasks. The idea that team members " @@ -40323,7 +40537,7 @@ "理這類的需求，這樣便不需提供這麼大的權限給一般使用者。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27460 +#: book.translate.xml:27564 msgid "" "Up to this point, the security chapter has covered permitting access to " "authorized users and attempting to prevent unauthorized access. Another " @@ -40347,7 +40561,7 @@ "Sudo。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27472 +#: book.translate.xml:27576 msgid "" "Sudo allows administrators to configure more " "rigid access to system commands and provide for some advanced logging " @@ -40365,13 +40579,13 @@ "refentrytitle>8 工具可：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27479 +#: book.translate.xml:27583 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install sudo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27481 +#: book.translate.xml:27585 msgid "" "After the installation is complete, the installed visudo " "will open the configuration file with a text editor. Using visudo/usr/local/etc/sudoers 的最後：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27496 +#: book.translate.xml:27600 #, no-wrap msgid "user1 ALL=(ALL) /usr/sbin/service webservice *" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27498 +#: book.translate.xml:27602 msgid "" "The user may now start webservice using this " "command:" msgstr "現在使用者可使用此指令來啟動 webservice：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27501 +#: book.translate.xml:27605 #, no-wrap msgid "% sudo /usr/sbin/service webservice start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27503 +#: book.translate.xml:27607 msgid "" "While this configuration allows a single user access to the " "webservice service; however, in most " @@ -40432,13 +40646,13 @@ "所有成員能夠管理服務：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27511 +#: book.translate.xml:27615 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupadd -g 6001 -n webteam" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27513 +#: book.translate.xml:27617 msgid "" "Using the same pw8 command, the user is added to the webteam group:" @@ -40447,13 +40661,13 @@ "manvolnum> 指令來加入該使用到 webteam 群組：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27516 +#: book.translate.xml:27620 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod -m user1 -n webteam" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27518 +#: book.translate.xml:27622 msgid "" "Finally, this line in /usr/local/etc/sudoers allows any " "member of the webteam group to manage webservice:" @@ -40462,13 +40676,13 @@ "webteam 群組的所有成員可以管理 webservice：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27523 +#: book.translate.xml:27627 #, no-wrap msgid "%webteam ALL=(ALL) /usr/sbin/service webservice *" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27525 +#: book.translate.xml:27629 msgid "" "Unlike su1, Sudo only requires the " @@ -40481,7 +40695,7 @@ "題且這種情況只有壞處可言。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27530 +#: book.translate.xml:27634 msgid "" "Users permitted to run applications with Sudo " "only enter their own passwords. This is more secure and gives better control " @@ -40499,7 +40713,7 @@ "權限。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:27539 +#: book.translate.xml:27643 msgid "" "Most organizations are moving or have moved toward a two factor " "authentication model. In these cases, the user may not have a password to " @@ -40515,18 +40729,18 @@ "管理該服務：" #. (itstool) path: tip/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27547 +#: book.translate.xml:27651 #, no-wrap msgid "%webteam ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/service webservice *" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:27551 +#: book.translate.xml:27655 msgid "Logging Output" msgstr "記錄輸出" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27553 +#: book.translate.xml:27657 msgid "" "An advantage to implementing Sudo is the ability " "to enable session logging. Using the built in log mechanisms and the " @@ -40545,13 +40759,13 @@ "application> 的操作手冊來取得進一步資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27565 +#: book.translate.xml:27669 #, no-wrap msgid "Defaults iolog_dir=/var/log/sudo-io/%{user}" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:27568 +#: book.translate.xml:27672 msgid "" "This directory will be created automatically after the logging is " "configured. It is best to let the system create directory with default " @@ -40566,7 +40780,7 @@ "項的註解。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27577 +#: book.translate.xml:27681 msgid "" "Once this directive has been added to the sudoers file, " "any user configuration can be updated with the request to log access. In the " @@ -40575,16 +40789,16 @@ msgstr "" "一旦這個設定加入至 sudoers 檔案之後，所有的使用者設定項" "目便可加上記錄存取動作的項目，在 webteam 項目加入" -"額外設定之後的範例如下： " +"額外設定之後的範例如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27583 +#: book.translate.xml:27687 #, no-wrap msgid "%webteam ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: LOG_INPUT: LOG_OUTPUT: /usr/sbin/service webservice *" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27585 +#: book.translate.xml:27689 msgid "" "From this point on, all webteam members altering " "the status of the webservice application will be " @@ -40595,13 +40809,13 @@ "出先前與目前連線階段的記錄可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27591 +#: book.translate.xml:27695 #, no-wrap msgid "# sudoreplay -l" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27593 +#: book.translate.xml:27697 msgid "" "In the output, to replay a specific session, search for the TSID= entry, and pass that to sudoreplay with " @@ -40612,13 +40826,13 @@ "播連線階段，例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27598 +#: book.translate.xml:27702 #, no-wrap msgid "# sudoreplay user1/00/00/02" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:27601 +#: book.translate.xml:27705 msgid "" "While sessions are logged, any administrator is able to remove sessions and " "leave only a question of why they had done so. It is worthwhile to add a " @@ -40631,7 +40845,7 @@ "加入每日檢查，以便在有人為修改時通知其他管理人員。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27609 +#: book.translate.xml:27713 msgid "" "The sudoreplay is extremely extendable. Consult the " "documentation for more information." @@ -40640,24 +40854,24 @@ "訊。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:27623 +#: book.translate.xml:27727 msgid "Jails" msgstr "Jail" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:27626 +#: book.translate.xml:27730 msgid "" "MatteoRiondatoContributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:27631 +#: book.translate.xml:27735 msgid "jails" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27636 +#: book.translate.xml:27740 msgid "" "Since system administration is a difficult task, many tools have been " "developed to make life easier for the administrator. These tools often " @@ -40673,7 +40887,7 @@ "用並持續強化它的功能、效率、穩定性以及安全性。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27645 +#: book.translate.xml:27749 msgid "" "Jails build upon the chroot2 concept, which is used " @@ -40696,7 +40910,7 @@ "經被找到，讓這個方法不再是確保服務安全的理想方案。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27658 +#: book.translate.xml:27762 msgid "" "Jails improve on the concept of the traditional chroot environment in " "several ways. In a traditional chroot environment, processes are only " @@ -40715,12 +40929,12 @@ "方式，Jail 可算是一種作業系統層級的虛擬化。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27670 +#: book.translate.xml:27774 msgid "A jail is characterized by four elements:" msgstr "Jail 的四個要素：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27674 +#: book.translate.xml:27778 msgid "" "A directory subtree: the starting point from which a jail is entered. Once " "inside the jail, a process is not permitted to escape outside of this " @@ -40730,12 +40944,12 @@ "錄之外。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27680 +#: book.translate.xml:27784 msgid "A hostname: which will be used by the jail." msgstr "一個主機名稱：將會由 Jail 所使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27684 +#: book.translate.xml:27788 msgid "" "An IP address: which is assigned to the jail. The " "IP address of a jail is often an alias address for an " @@ -40745,7 +40959,7 @@ "acronym> 位址通常是現有網路介面的別名位址。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27691 +#: book.translate.xml:27795 msgid "" "A command: the path name of an executable to run inside the jail. The path " "is relative to the root directory of the jail environment." @@ -40754,7 +40968,7 @@ "路徑。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27697 +#: book.translate.xml:27801 msgid "" "Jails have their own set of users and their own root account which are limited to the jail environment. The " @@ -40767,7 +40981,7 @@ "systemitem> 帳號不允許對指定 Jail 環境之外的系統執行操作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27702 +#: book.translate.xml:27806 msgid "" "This chapter provides an overview of the terminology and commands for " "managing FreeBSD jails. Jails are a powerful tool for both system " @@ -40777,23 +40991,23 @@ "來二者來說皆是強大的工具。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27710 +#: book.translate.xml:27814 msgid "What a jail is and what purpose it may serve in FreeBSD installations." msgstr "Jail 是什麼及它在 FreeBSD 中提供的目的。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27715 +#: book.translate.xml:27819 msgid "How to build, start, and stop a jail." msgstr "如何建立、啟動及停止 Jail。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27719 +#: book.translate.xml:27823 msgid "" "The basics of jail administration, both from inside and outside the jail." msgstr "Jail 管理基礎，不論從內部或外部。" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:27725 +#: book.translate.xml:27829 msgid "" "Jails are a powerful tool, but they are not a security panacea. While it is " "not possible for a jailed process to break out on its own, there are several " @@ -40806,7 +41020,7 @@ "使用者串通來取得主機環境的更高權限。" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:27732 +#: book.translate.xml:27836 msgid "" "Most of these attacks can be mitigated by ensuring that the jail root is not " "accessible to unprivileged users in the host environment. As a general rule, " @@ -40817,12 +41031,12 @@ "上，不受信任的使用者有 Jail 的存取權限並不會讓其可存取主機環境。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:27741 +#: book.translate.xml:27845 msgid "Terms Related to Jails" msgstr "Jail 相關術語" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27743 +#: book.translate.xml:27847 msgid "" "To facilitate better understanding of parts of the FreeBSD system related to " "jails, their internals and the way they interact with the rest of FreeBSD, " @@ -40832,7 +41046,7 @@ "互作用關係， 以下列出本章將使用的術語：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27750 +#: book.translate.xml:27854 msgid "" "chroot8 (command)" @@ -40841,7 +41055,7 @@ "citerefentry> (指令)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27752 +#: book.translate.xml:27856 msgid "" "Utility, which uses chroot2 FreeBSD system call to " @@ -40852,7 +41066,7 @@ "(System call) 來更改程予及其衍伸程序的根目錄。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27759 +#: book.translate.xml:27863 msgid "" "chroot2 (environment)" @@ -40861,7 +41075,7 @@ "citerefentry> (環境)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27761 +#: book.translate.xml:27865 msgid "" "The environment of processes running in a chroot. This " "includes resources such as the part of the file system which is visible, " @@ -40872,7 +41086,7 @@ "統、可用的使用者及群組 ID、網路介面及其他 IPC 機制等。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27770 +#: book.translate.xml:27874 msgid "" "jail8 (command)" @@ -40881,19 +41095,19 @@ "citerefentry> (指令)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27772 +#: book.translate.xml:27876 msgid "" "The system administration utility which allows launching of processes within " "a jail environment." msgstr "允許在 Jail 環境下執行程序的系統管理工具。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27778 +#: book.translate.xml:27882 msgid "host (system, process, user, etc.)" msgstr "主機 (系統、程序、使用者等)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27780 +#: book.translate.xml:27884 msgid "" "The controlling system of a jail environment. The host system has access to " "all the hardware resources available, and can control processes both outside " @@ -40906,24 +41120,24 @@ "像在 Jail 環境那樣受到限制。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27792 +#: book.translate.xml:27896 msgid "hosted (system, process, user, etc.)" msgstr "託管 (主機、程序、使用者等)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27794 +#: book.translate.xml:27898 msgid "" "A process, user or other entity, whose access to resources is restricted by " "a FreeBSD jail." msgstr "存取資源受到 FreeBSD Jail 限制的託管程序、使用者或其他實體。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:27802 +#: book.translate.xml:27906 msgid "Creating and Controlling Jails" msgstr "建立和控制 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27804 +#: book.translate.xml:27908 msgid "" "Some administrators divide jails into the following two types: " "complete jails, which resemble a real FreeBSD system, and " @@ -40941,7 +41155,7 @@ "先編譯的 Binary (如安裝媒體上提供的 Binary) 或從原始碼編譯。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27814 +#: book.translate.xml:27918 msgid "" "To install the userland from installation media, first create the root " "directory for the jail. This can be done by setting the DESTDIRDESTDIR 來到適當的位置來完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27819 +#: book.translate.xml:27923 msgid "Start a shell and define DESTDIR:" msgstr "啟動 Shell 並定義 DESTDIR：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27821 +#: book.translate.xml:27925 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sh\n" @@ -40964,7 +41178,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27824 +#: book.translate.xml:27928 msgid "" "Mount the install media as covered in mdconfig8 when using the install " @@ -40974,14 +41188,32 @@ "refentrytitle>8 中的說明掛載安裝媒體：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27827 +#: book.translate.xml:27931 #, no-wrap -msgid "# mount -t cd9660 /dev/`mdconfig -f cdimage.iso` /mnt" +msgid "" +"# mount -t cd9660 /dev/`mdconfig -f cdimage.iso` /mnt\n" +"# cd /mnt/usr/freebsd-dist/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27829 +#: book.translate.xml:27934 +msgid "Alternatively, download the tarballs from a mirror:" +msgstr "或者自鏡像站下載 Tarball 壓縮檔：" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen +#: book.translate.xml:27936 +#, no-wrap msgid "" +"# sh\n" +"# export DESTRELEASE=12.0-RELEASE\n" +"# export DESTARCH=`uname -m`\n" +"# export SOURCEURL=http://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/$DESTARCH/$DESTRELEASE/\n" +"# for set in base ports; do fetch $SOURCEURL/$set.txz ; done" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: book.translate.xml:27942 +msgid "" "Extract the binaries from the tarballs on the install media into the " "declared destination. Minimally, only the base set needs to be extracted, " "but a complete install can be performed when preferred." @@ -40990,29 +41222,29 @@ "的部份，若需要也可完整安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27834 +#: book.translate.xml:27947 msgid "To install just the base system:" msgstr "只安裝基礎系統 (Base system)：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27836 +#: book.translate.xml:27949 #, no-wrap -msgid "# tar -xf /mnt/usr/freebsd-dist/base.txz -C $DESTDIR" -msgstr "" +msgid "# tar -xf base.txz -C $DESTDIR" +msgstr "# tar -xf base.txz -C $DESTDIR" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27838 +#: book.translate.xml:27951 msgid "To install everything except the kernel:" msgstr "安裝全部不含核心：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27840 +#: book.translate.xml:27953 #, no-wrap -msgid "# for set in base ports; do tar -xf /mnt/usr/freebsd-dist/$set.txz -C $DESTDIR ; done" +msgid "# for set in base ports; do tar -xf $set.txz -C $DESTDIR ; done" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27842 +#: book.translate.xml:27955 msgid "" "The jail8 manual page explains the procedure for building a " @@ -41022,7 +41254,7 @@ "manvolnum> 操作手冊說明的程序建置 Jail：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27845 +#: book.translate.xml:27958 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# setenv D /here/is/the/jail\n" @@ -41035,7 +41267,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:27855 +#: book.translate.xml:27968 msgid "" "Selecting a location for a jail is the best starting point. This is where " "the jail will physically reside within the file system of the jail's host. A " @@ -41054,7 +41286,7 @@ "案。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:27868 +#: book.translate.xml:27981 msgid "" "If you have already rebuilt your userland using make world or make buildworld, you can skip this step and " @@ -41065,7 +41297,7 @@ "到新的 Jail。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:27875 +#: book.translate.xml:27988 msgid "" "This command will populate the directory subtree chosen as jail's physical " "location on the file system with the necessary binaries, libraries, manual " @@ -41075,12 +41307,12 @@ "庫、操作手冊與相關檔案。" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:27882 +#: book.translate.xml:27995 msgid "distribution" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:27882 +#: book.translate.xml:27995 msgid "" "The <_:buildtarget-1/> target for make installs " "every needed configuration file. In simple words, it installs every " @@ -41094,7 +41326,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:27893 +#: book.translate.xml:28006 msgid "" "Mounting the devfs8 file system inside a jail is not required. On the " @@ -41119,7 +41351,7 @@ "refentrytitle>5 操作手冊中有詳細說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27905 +#: book.translate.xml:28018 msgid "" "Once a jail is installed, it can be started by using the " "jail8command 參數依 Jail 的類型所" "需而定，對一個 虛擬系統 來說，/etc/rc 是不錯的選擇，因為該檔案可以模仿真實 FreeBSD 的啟動順序。對於 " -"服務的 Jail 來說，則看在 Jail 中要執行的服務或應用程式來" -"決定。" +"服務型 的 Jail 來說，則看在 Jail 中要執行的服務或應用程" +"式來決定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27918 +#: book.translate.xml:28031 msgid "" "Jails are often started at boot time and the FreeBSD rc " "mechanism provides an easy way to do this." @@ -41155,13 +41387,12 @@ "簡單的達成這件事。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:27924 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:28037 msgid "Configure jail parameters in jail.conf:" -msgstr "產生 xorg.conf：" +msgstr "在 jail.conf 中設定 jail 參數：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27926 +#: book.translate.xml:28039 #, no-wrap msgid "" "www {\n" @@ -41176,20 +41407,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:27936 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:28049 msgid "Configure jails to start at boot time in rc.conf:" -msgstr "在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟交換檔：" +msgstr "在 rc.conf 中設定開機時啟動 Jail：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27939 +#: book.translate.xml:28052 #, no-wrap msgid "jail_enable=\"YES\" # Set to NO to disable starting of any jails" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:27941 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:28054 msgid "" "The default startup of jails configured in jail." "conf5, will run the " @@ -41198,37 +41427,35 @@ "the jail should be changed, by setting the exec.start " "option appropriately." msgstr "" -"rc.conf5中會假設 Jail 是完整的虛擬系統，預設會啟動 Jail 的 " -"/etc/rc Script。針對服務的 Jail 則需設定適當的 " -"jail_jailname_exec_start 選項來" -"修改預設啟動的指令。" +"預設要啟動的 Jail 可在 jail.conf5 設定，會把 Jail 當作是" +"一個完全虛擬的系統，然後執行 Jail 中的 /etc/rc Script。" +"針對服務型的 Jail 則需透過設定 exec.start 選項來適當更改 " +"Jail 的預設啟動指令。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:27950 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:28063 msgid "" "For a full list of available options, please see the " "jail.conf5 manual page." msgstr "" -"要取得完整可用選項的清單，請參考 rc.conf5 操作手冊。" +"要取得完整可用選項的清單，請參考 jail.conf5操作手冊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27956 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:28069 msgid "" "service8 can be used to start or stop a jail by hand, if an " "entry for it exists in jail.conf:" msgstr "" -"若該 Jail 已經在 rc.conf 中設定，可以用 " +"若 Jail 項目已經在 jail.conf 中設定好，可以手動用 " "service8 來啟動或停止 Jail：" +"manvolnum> 來啟動或停止某個 Jail 項目：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27960 +#: book.translate.xml:28073 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service jail start www\n" @@ -41236,7 +41463,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27963 +#: book.translate.xml:28076 msgid "" "Jails can be shut down with jexec8. Use " @@ -41253,7 +41480,7 @@ "citerefentry> 在該 Jail 中執行關機 Script。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27967 +#: book.translate.xml:28080 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# jls\n" @@ -41263,7 +41490,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27972 +#: book.translate.xml:28085 msgid "" "More information about this can be found in the " "jail88 操作手冊取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:27977 +#: book.translate.xml:28090 msgid "Fine Tuning and Administration" msgstr "調校與管理" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27979 +#: book.translate.xml:28092 msgid "" "There are several options which can be set for any jail, and various ways of " "combining a host FreeBSD system with jails, to produce higher level " @@ -41288,14 +41515,14 @@ "的方法來提供更高層級的應用程式使用。 本節將介紹：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27986 +#: book.translate.xml:28099 msgid "" "Some of the options available for tuning the behavior and security " "restrictions implemented by a jail installation." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27992 +#: book.translate.xml:28105 msgid "" "Some of the high-level applications for jail management, which are available " "through the FreeBSD Ports Collection, and can be used to implement overall " @@ -41303,12 +41530,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28000 +#: book.translate.xml:28113 msgid "System Tools for Jail Tuning in FreeBSD" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 中調校 Jail 的系統工具" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28002 +#: book.translate.xml:28115 msgid "" "Fine tuning of a jail's configuration is mostly done by setting " "sysctl8security.jail.set_hostname_allowed: 1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28019 +#: book.translate.xml:28132 msgid "security.jail.socket_unixiproute_only: 1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28024 +#: book.translate.xml:28137 msgid "security.jail.sysvipc_allowed: 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28029 +#: book.translate.xml:28142 msgid "security.jail.enforce_statfs: 2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28034 +#: book.translate.xml:28147 msgid "security.jail.allow_raw_sockets: 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28039 +#: book.translate.xml:28152 msgid "security.jail.chflags_allowed: 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28044 +#: book.translate.xml:28157 msgid "security.jail.jailed: 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28048 +#: book.translate.xml:28161 msgid "" "These variables can be used by the system administrator of the " "host system to add or remove some of the limitations " @@ -41376,7 +41603,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28060 +#: book.translate.xml:28173 msgid "" "The base system of FreeBSD contains a basic set of tools for viewing " "information about the active jails, and attaching to a jail to run " @@ -41388,14 +41615,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28068 +#: book.translate.xml:28181 msgid "" "Print a list of active jails and their corresponding jail identifier " "(JID), IP address, hostname and path." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28074 +#: book.translate.xml:28187 msgid "" "Attach to a running jail, from its host system, and run a command inside the " "jail or perform administrative tasks inside the jail itself. This is " @@ -41407,18 +41634,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28082 +#: book.translate.xml:28195 #, no-wrap msgid "# jexec 1 tcsh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28088 +#: book.translate.xml:28201 msgid "High-Level Administrative Tools in the FreeBSD Ports Collection" msgstr "在 FreeBSD Port 套件集中的高層級管理工具" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28091 +#: book.translate.xml:28204 msgid "" "Among the many third-party utilities for jail administration, one of the " "most complete and useful is sysutils/ezjail. It is a set " @@ -41430,12 +41657,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28101 +#: book.translate.xml:28214 msgid "Keeping Jails Patched and up to Date" msgstr "持續 Jail 的修補與更新" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28103 +#: book.translate.xml:28216 msgid "" "Jails should be kept up to date from the host operating system as attempting " "to patch userland from within the jail may likely fail as the default " @@ -41449,7 +41676,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28112 +#: book.translate.xml:28225 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# freebsd-update -b /here/is/the/jail fetch\n" @@ -41457,33 +41684,33 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:28119 +#: book.translate.xml:28232 msgid "Updating Multiple Jails" msgstr "更新多個 Jail" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:28122 book.translate.xml:34428 book.translate.xml:34763 +#: book.translate.xml:28235 book.translate.xml:34541 book.translate.xml:34876 msgid "" " Daniel Gerzo Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:28131 +#: book.translate.xml:28244 msgid "" " Simon L. B. Nielsen Based upon an idea presented by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:28140 +#: book.translate.xml:28253 msgid "" " Ken Tom " "And an article written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28150 +#: book.translate.xml:28263 msgid "" "The management of multiple jails can become problematic because every jail " "has to be rebuilt from scratch whenever it is upgraded. This can be time " @@ -41491,7 +41718,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28155 +#: book.translate.xml:28268 msgid "" "This section demonstrates one method to resolve this issue by safely sharing " "as much as is possible between jails using read-only " @@ -41503,7 +41730,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:28165 +#: book.translate.xml:28278 msgid "" "Simpler solutions exist, such as ezjail, which " "provides an easier method of administering FreeBSD jails but is less " @@ -41512,46 +41739,46 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28172 +#: book.translate.xml:28285 msgid "The goals of the setup described in this section are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28176 +#: book.translate.xml:28289 msgid "" "Create a simple and easy to understand jail structure that does not require " "running a full installworld on each and every jail." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28182 +#: book.translate.xml:28295 msgid "Make it easy to add new jails or remove existing ones." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28187 +#: book.translate.xml:28300 msgid "Make it easy to update or upgrade existing jails." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28191 +#: book.translate.xml:28304 msgid "Make it possible to run a customized FreeBSD branch." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28195 +#: book.translate.xml:28308 msgid "" "Be paranoid about security, reducing as much as possible the possibility of " "compromise." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28200 +#: book.translate.xml:28313 msgid "Save space and inodes, as much as possible." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28204 +#: book.translate.xml:28317 msgid "" "This design relies on a single, read-only master template which is mounted " "into each jail and one read-write device per jail. A device can be a " @@ -41560,68 +41787,68 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28210 +#: book.translate.xml:28323 msgid "The file system layout is as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28214 +#: book.translate.xml:28327 msgid "The jails are based under the /home partition." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28219 +#: book.translate.xml:28332 msgid "" "Each jail will be mounted under the /home/j directory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28224 +#: book.translate.xml:28337 msgid "" "The template for each jail and the read-only partition for all of the jails " "is /home/j/mroot." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28230 +#: book.translate.xml:28343 msgid "" "A blank directory will be created for each jail under the /home/j directory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28235 +#: book.translate.xml:28348 msgid "" "Each jail will have a /s directory that will be linked " "to the read-write portion of the system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28241 +#: book.translate.xml:28354 msgid "" "Each jail will have its own read-write system that is based upon /" "home/j/skel." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28246 +#: book.translate.xml:28359 msgid "" "The read-write portion of each jail will be created in /home/js." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28254 +#: book.translate.xml:28367 msgid "Creating the Template" msgstr "建立範本" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28256 +#: book.translate.xml:28369 msgid "This section describes the steps needed to create the master template." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28259 +#: book.translate.xml:28372 msgid "" "It is recommended to first update the host FreeBSD system to the latest -" "RELEASE branch using the instructions in . " @@ -41631,7 +41858,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28267 +#: book.translate.xml:28380 msgid "" "First, create a directory structure for the read-only file system which will " "contain the FreeBSD binaries for the jails. Then, change directory to the " @@ -41640,7 +41867,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28273 +#: book.translate.xml:28386 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /home/j /home/j/mroot\n" @@ -41649,14 +41876,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28279 +#: book.translate.xml:28392 msgid "" "Next, prepare a FreeBSD Ports Collection for the jails as well as a FreeBSD " "source tree, which is required for mergemaster:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28283 +#: book.translate.xml:28396 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /home/j/mroot\n" @@ -41666,12 +41893,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28290 +#: book.translate.xml:28403 msgid "Create a skeleton for the read-write portion of the system:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28293 +#: book.translate.xml:28406 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /home/j/skel /home/j/skel/home /home/j/skel/usr-X11R6 /home/j/skel/distfiles\n" @@ -41683,7 +41910,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28302 +#: book.translate.xml:28415 msgid "" "Use mergemaster to install missing configuration " "files. Then, remove the extra directories that mergemaster# mergemaster -t /home/j/skel/var/tmp/temproot -D /home/j/skel -i\n" @@ -41700,7 +41927,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28313 +#: book.translate.xml:28426 msgid "" "Now, symlink the read-write file system to the read-only file system. Ensure " "that the symlinks are created in the correct s/ " @@ -41709,7 +41936,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28319 +#: book.translate.xml:28432 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /home/j/mroot\n" @@ -41725,20 +41952,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28332 +#: book.translate.xml:28445 msgid "" "As a last step, create a generic /home/j/skel/etc/make.conf containing this line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28336 +#: book.translate.xml:28449 #, no-wrap msgid "WRKDIRPREFIX?= /s/portbuild" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28338 +#: book.translate.xml:28451 msgid "" "This makes it possible to compile FreeBSD ports inside each jail. Remember " "that the ports directory is part of the read-only system. The custom path " @@ -41747,12 +41974,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28348 +#: book.translate.xml:28461 msgid "Creating Jails" msgstr "建立 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28350 +#: book.translate.xml:28463 msgid "" "The jail template can now be used to setup and configure the jails in " "/etc/rc.conf. This example demonstrates the creation of " @@ -41761,7 +41988,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28357 +#: book.translate.xml:28470 msgid "" "Add the following lines to /etc/fstab, so that the read-" "only template for the jails and the read-write space will be available in " @@ -41769,7 +41996,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28362 +#: book.translate.xml:28475 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/home/j/mroot /home/j/ns nullfs ro 0 0\n" @@ -41781,7 +42008,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28369 +#: book.translate.xml:28482 msgid "" "To prevent fsck from checking " "nullfs mounts during boot and dump/etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28381 +#: book.translate.xml:28494 #, no-wrap msgid "" "jail_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -41816,7 +42043,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28397 +#: book.translate.xml:28510 msgid "" "The jail_name_rootdir variable " "is set to /usr/home instead of /home# mkdir /home/j/ns /home/j/mail /home/j/www" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28418 +#: book.translate.xml:28531 msgid "" "Install the read-write template into each jail using sysutils/" "cpdup:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28425 +#: book.translate.xml:28538 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /home/js\n" @@ -41857,14 +42084,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28432 +#: book.translate.xml:28545 msgid "" "In this phase, the jails are built and prepared to run. First, mount the " "required file systems for each jail, and then start them:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28436 book.translate.xml:28545 +#: book.translate.xml:28549 book.translate.xml:28658 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mount -a\n" @@ -41872,14 +42099,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28441 +#: book.translate.xml:28554 msgid "" "The jails should be running now. To check if they have started correctly, " "use jls. Its output should be similar to the following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28445 +#: book.translate.xml:28558 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# jls\n" @@ -41890,7 +42117,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28451 +#: book.translate.xml:28564 msgid "" "At this point, it should be possible to log onto each jail, add new users, " "or configure daemons. The JID column indicates the jail " @@ -41900,18 +42127,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28458 +#: book.translate.xml:28571 #, no-wrap msgid "# jexec 3 tcsh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28462 +#: book.translate.xml:28575 msgid "Upgrading" msgstr "升級" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28464 +#: book.translate.xml:28577 msgid "" "The design of this setup provides an easy way to upgrade existing jails " "while minimizing their downtime. Also, it provides a way to roll back to the " @@ -41919,14 +42146,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28471 +#: book.translate.xml:28584 msgid "" "The first step is to upgrade the host system. Then, create a new temporary " "read-only template in /home/j/mroot2." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28475 +#: book.translate.xml:28588 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /home/j/mroot2\n" @@ -41938,19 +42165,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:28482 book.translate.xml:28693 +#: book.translate.xml:28595 book.translate.xml:28806 msgid "installworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28482 +#: book.translate.xml:28595 msgid "" "The <_:buildtarget-1/> creates a few unnecessary directories, which should " "be removed:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28486 +#: book.translate.xml:28599 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chflags -R 0 var\n" @@ -41958,12 +42185,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28491 +#: book.translate.xml:28604 msgid "Recreate the read-write symlinks for the master file system:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28494 +#: book.translate.xml:28607 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ln -s s/etc etc\n" @@ -41976,25 +42203,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28504 +#: book.translate.xml:28617 msgid "Next, stop the jails:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28506 +#: book.translate.xml:28619 #, no-wrap msgid "# service jail stop" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28510 +#: book.translate.xml:28623 msgid "" "Unmount the original file systems as the read-write systems are attached to " "the read-only system (/s):" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28517 +#: book.translate.xml:28630 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# umount /home/j/ns/s\n" @@ -42006,7 +42233,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28526 +#: book.translate.xml:28639 msgid "" "Move the old read-only file system and replace it with the new one. This " "will serve as a backup and archive of the old read-only file system should " @@ -42016,7 +42243,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28534 +#: book.translate.xml:28647 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /home/j\n" @@ -42026,14 +42253,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28541 +#: book.translate.xml:28654 msgid "" "At this point the new read-only template is ready, so the only remaining " "task is to remount the file systems and start the jails:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28550 +#: book.translate.xml:28663 msgid "" "Use jls to check if the jails started correctly. Run " "mergemaster in each jail to update the configuration " @@ -42041,12 +42268,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:28558 +#: book.translate.xml:28671 msgid "Managing Jails with ezjail" msgstr "使用 ezjail 管理 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28571 +#: book.translate.xml:28684 msgid "" "Creating and managing multiple jails can quickly become tedious and error-" "prone. Dirk Engling's ezjail automates and " @@ -42060,7 +42287,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28582 +#: book.translate.xml:28695 msgid "" "Additional benefits and features are described in detail on the " "ezjail web site, ezjail" msgstr "安裝 ezjail" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28588 +#: book.translate.xml:28701 msgid "" "Installing ezjail consists of adding a loopback " "interface for use in jails, installing the port or package, and enabling the " @@ -42081,7 +42308,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28594 +#: book.translate.xml:28707 msgid "" "To keep jail loopback traffic off the host's loopback network interface " "lo0, a second loopback interface is created by adding an " @@ -42090,13 +42317,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28599 book.translate.xml:29088 +#: book.translate.xml:28712 book.translate.xml:29201 #, no-wrap msgid "cloned_interfaces=\"lo1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28601 +#: book.translate.xml:28714 msgid "" "The second loopback interface lo1 will be created when " "the system starts. It can also be created manually without a restart:" @@ -42104,7 +42331,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/screen #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28605 book.translate.xml:29092 +#: book.translate.xml:28718 book.translate.xml:29205 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service netif cloneup\n" @@ -42112,14 +42339,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28608 +#: book.translate.xml:28721 msgid "" "Jails can be allowed to use aliases of this secondary loopback interface " "without interfering with the host." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28612 +#: book.translate.xml:28725 msgid "" "Inside a jail, access to the loopback address 127.0.0.1 is redirected to the first IP " @@ -42130,7 +42357,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28621 +#: book.translate.xml:28734 msgid "" "Give each jail a unique loopback address in the 127.0.0.0/8 " @@ -42138,12 +42365,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28626 +#: book.translate.xml:28739 msgid "Install sysutils/ezjail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28629 +#: book.translate.xml:28742 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/ezjail\n" @@ -42151,33 +42378,33 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28634 +#: book.translate.xml:28747 msgid "" "Enable ezjail by adding this line to /" "etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28637 +#: book.translate.xml:28750 #, no-wrap msgid "ezjail_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28641 +#: book.translate.xml:28754 msgid "" "The service will automatically start on system boot. It can be started " "immediately for the current session:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28645 +#: book.translate.xml:28758 #, no-wrap msgid "# service ezjail start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28653 +#: book.translate.xml:28766 msgid "" "With ezjail installed, the basejail directory " "structure can be created and populated. This step is only needed once on the " @@ -42185,7 +42412,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28658 +#: book.translate.xml:28771 msgid "" "In both of these examples, causes the ports tree to be " "retrieved with portsnapinstall. For example, on a host computer " @@ -42212,30 +42439,30 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28679 +#: book.translate.xml:28792 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin install -p" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28683 +#: book.translate.xml:28796 msgid "To Populate the Jail with installworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:28687 book.translate.xml:45657 book.translate.xml:45724 +#: book.translate.xml:28800 book.translate.xml:45897 book.translate.xml:45964 msgid "buildworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28686 +#: book.translate.xml:28799 msgid "" "The basejail can be installed from binaries created by <_:buildtarget-1/> on " "the host with ezjail-admin update." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28691 +#: book.translate.xml:28804 msgid "" "In this example, FreeBSD 10-STABLE has been built from source. The jail " "directories are created. Then <_:buildtarget-1/> is executed, installing the " @@ -42243,13 +42470,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28698 +#: book.translate.xml:28811 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin update -i -p" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28700 +#: book.translate.xml:28813 msgid "" "The host's /usr/src is used by default. A different " "source directory on the host can be specified with and a " @@ -42258,7 +42485,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28711 +#: book.translate.xml:28824 msgid "" "The basejail's ports tree is shared by other jails. However, downloaded " "distfiles are stored in the jail that downloaded them. By default, these " @@ -42268,7 +42495,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28720 +#: book.translate.xml:28833 msgid "" "The FTP protocol is used by default to download packages " "for the installation of the basejail. Firewall or proxy configurations can " @@ -42280,23 +42507,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28729 +#: book.translate.xml:28842 #, no-wrap msgid "ezjail_ftphost=http://ftp.FreeBSD.org" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28731 +#: book.translate.xml:28844 msgid "See for a list of sites." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28737 +#: book.translate.xml:28850 msgid "Creating and Starting a New Jail" msgstr "建立並啟動新的 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28739 +#: book.translate.xml:28852 msgid "" "New jails are created with ezjail-admin create. In these " "examples, the lo1 loopback interface is used as described " @@ -42304,12 +42531,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:28745 +#: book.translate.xml:28858 msgid "Create and Start a New Jail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28748 +#: book.translate.xml:28861 msgid "" "Create the jail, specifying a name and the loopback and network interfaces " "to use, along with their IP addresses. In this example, " @@ -42317,13 +42544,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28753 +#: book.translate.xml:28866 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin create dnsjail 'lo1|127.0.1.1,em0|192.168.1.50'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28756 +#: book.translate.xml:28869 msgid "" "Most network services run in jails without problems. A few network services, " "most notably ping8pingjailname_parameters=\"allow.raw_sockets=1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28776 +#: book.translate.xml:28889 msgid "" "Do not enable raw network sockets unless services in the jail actually " "require them." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28782 +#: book.translate.xml:28895 msgid "Start the jail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28784 +#: book.translate.xml:28897 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin start dnsjail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28788 +#: book.translate.xml:28901 msgid "Use a console on the jail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28790 +#: book.translate.xml:28903 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin console dnsjail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28794 +#: book.translate.xml:28907 msgid "" "The jail is operating and additional configuration can be completed. Typical " "settings added at this point include:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28800 +#: book.translate.xml:28913 msgid "Set the root Password" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28804 +#: book.translate.xml:28917 msgid "" "Connect to the jail and set the root user's password:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28808 +#: book.translate.xml:28921 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ezjail-admin console dnsjail\n" @@ -42411,12 +42638,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28816 +#: book.translate.xml:28929 msgid "Time Zone Configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28818 +#: book.translate.xml:28931 msgid "" "The jail's time zone can be set with tzsetup8. To avoid spurious " @@ -42428,36 +42655,36 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28827 +#: book.translate.xml:28940 msgid "DNS Servers" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28829 +#: book.translate.xml:28942 msgid "" "Enter domain name server lines in /etc/resolv.conf so " "DNS works in the jail." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28835 +#: book.translate.xml:28948 msgid "Edit /etc/hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28837 +#: book.translate.xml:28950 msgid "" "Change the address and add the jail name to the localhost " "entries in /etc/hosts." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28843 +#: book.translate.xml:28956 msgid "Configure /etc/rc.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28845 +#: book.translate.xml:28958 msgid "" "Enter configuration settings in /etc/rc.conf. This is " "much like configuring a full computer. The host name and IP# ezjail-admin update -b" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28884 +#: book.translate.xml:28997 msgid "" "If the world has already been compiled on the host, install it in the " "basejail with:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28887 +#: book.translate.xml:29000 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin update -i" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28889 +#: book.translate.xml:29002 msgid "" "Binary updates use freebsd-update8. These updates have " @@ -42538,20 +42765,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28895 +#: book.translate.xml:29008 msgid "" "Update the basejail to the latest patched release of the version of FreeBSD " "on the host. For example, updating from RELEASE-p1 to RELEASE-p2." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28899 +#: book.translate.xml:29012 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin update -u" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28901 +#: book.translate.xml:29014 msgid "" "To upgrade the basejail to a new version, first upgrade the host system as " "described in . Once the host has " @@ -42565,7 +42792,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28909 +#: book.translate.xml:29022 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# file /usr/jails/basejail/bin/sh\n" @@ -42573,20 +42800,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28912 +#: book.translate.xml:29025 msgid "" "Now use this information to perform the upgrade from 9.3-RELEASE to the current version of the host system:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28916 +#: book.translate.xml:29029 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin update -U -s 9.3-RELEASE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28918 +#: book.translate.xml:29031 msgid "" "After updating the basejail, mergemaster8 must be run to update " @@ -42594,7 +42821,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28921 +#: book.translate.xml:29034 msgid "" "How to use mergemaster8 depends on the purpose " @@ -42605,7 +42832,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:28927 +#: book.translate.xml:29040 msgid "" "mergemaster8 on Untrusted Jail" @@ -42614,7 +42841,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:28929 +#: book.translate.xml:29042 msgid "" "Delete the link from the jail's /usr/src into the " "basejail and create a new /usr/src in the jail as a " @@ -42623,7 +42850,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28936 +#: book.translate.xml:29049 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# rm /usr/jails/jailname/usr/src\n" @@ -42632,25 +42859,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:28940 +#: book.translate.xml:29053 msgid "Get a console in the jail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28942 +#: book.translate.xml:29055 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin console jailname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:28944 +#: book.translate.xml:29057 msgid "" "Inside the jail, run mergemaster. Then exit the jail " "console:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28947 +#: book.translate.xml:29060 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -42659,18 +42886,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:28951 +#: book.translate.xml:29064 msgid "Finally, unmount the jail's /usr/src:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28954 +#: book.translate.xml:29067 #, no-wrap msgid "# umount /usr/jails/jailname/usr/src" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:28959 +#: book.translate.xml:29072 msgid "" "mergemaster8 on Trusted Jail" @@ -42679,7 +42906,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:28961 +#: book.translate.xml:29074 msgid "" "If the users and services in a jail are trusted, " "mergemaster8# mergemaster -U -D /usr/jails/jailname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:28969 +#: book.translate.xml:29082 msgid "Updating Ports" msgstr "更新 Port" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28971 +#: book.translate.xml:29084 msgid "" "The ports tree in the basejail is shared by the other jails. Updating that " "copy of the ports tree gives the other jails the updated version also." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28975 +#: book.translate.xml:29088 msgid "" "The basejail ports tree is updated with " "portsnap8# ezjail-admin update -P" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28983 +#: book.translate.xml:29096 msgid "Controlling Jails" msgstr "控制 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:28986 +#: book.translate.xml:29099 msgid "Stopping and Starting Jails" msgstr "停止與啟動 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28988 +#: book.translate.xml:29101 msgid "" "ezjail automatically starts jails when the " "computer is started. Jails can be manually stopped and restarted with " @@ -42737,7 +42964,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28993 +#: book.translate.xml:29106 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ezjail-admin stop sambajail\n" @@ -42745,43 +42972,43 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:28996 +#: book.translate.xml:29109 msgid "" "By default, jails are started automatically when the host computer starts. " "Autostarting can be disabled with config:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29000 +#: book.translate.xml:29113 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin config -r norun seldomjail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29002 +#: book.translate.xml:29115 msgid "" "This takes effect the next time the host computer is started. A jail that is " "already running will not be stopped." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29006 +#: book.translate.xml:29119 msgid "Enabling autostart is very similar:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29008 +#: book.translate.xml:29121 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin config -r run oftenjail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:29012 +#: book.translate.xml:29125 msgid "Archiving and Restoring Jails" msgstr "封存與還原 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29014 +#: book.translate.xml:29127 msgid "" "Use archive to create a .tar.gz " "archive of a jail. The file name is composed from the name of the jail and " @@ -42792,7 +43019,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29023 +#: book.translate.xml:29136 msgid "" "The archive file can be copied elsewhere as a backup, or an existing jail " "can be restored from it with restore. A new jail can be " @@ -42800,12 +43027,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29029 +#: book.translate.xml:29142 msgid "Stop and archive a jail named wwwserver:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29032 +#: book.translate.xml:29145 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ezjail-admin stop wwwserver\n" @@ -42816,7 +43043,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29038 +#: book.translate.xml:29151 msgid "" "Create a new jail named wwwserver-clone from the archive " "created in the previous step. Use the em1 interface and " @@ -42825,18 +43052,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29044 +#: book.translate.xml:29157 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin create -a /usr/jails/ezjail_archives/wwwserver-201407271153.13.tar.gz wwwserver-clone 'lo1|127.0.3.1,em1|192.168.1.51'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:29049 +#: book.translate.xml:29162 msgid "Full Example: BIND in a Jail" msgstr "完整範例：在 Jail 中安裝 BIND" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:29052 +#: book.translate.xml:29165 msgid "" "Putting the BIND DNS server in " "a jail improves security by isolating it. This example creates a simple " @@ -42844,68 +43071,68 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29059 +#: book.translate.xml:29172 msgid "The jail will be called dns1." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29064 +#: book.translate.xml:29177 msgid "" "The jail will use IP address 192.168.1.240 on the host's re0 interface." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29070 +#: book.translate.xml:29183 msgid "" "The upstream ISP's DNS servers are at 10.0.0.62 and 10.0.0.61." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29076 +#: book.translate.xml:29189 msgid "" "The basejail has already been created and a ports tree installed as shown in " "." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:29083 +#: book.translate.xml:29196 msgid "Running BIND in a Jail" msgstr "在 Jail 中執行 BIND" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29085 +#: book.translate.xml:29198 msgid "" "Create a cloned loopback interface by adding a line to /etc/rc." "conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29090 +#: book.translate.xml:29203 msgid "Immediately create the new loopback interface:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29095 +#: book.translate.xml:29208 msgid "Create the jail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29097 +#: book.translate.xml:29210 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin create dns1 'lo1|127.0.2.1,re0|192.168.1.240'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29099 +#: book.translate.xml:29212 msgid "" "Start the jail, connect to a console running on it, and perform some basic " "configuration:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29102 +#: book.translate.xml:29215 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ezjail-admin start dns1\n" @@ -42920,14 +43147,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29112 +#: book.translate.xml:29225 msgid "" "Temporarily set the upstream DNS servers in /" "etc/resolv.conf so ports can be downloaded:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29116 +#: book.translate.xml:29229 #, no-wrap msgid "" "nameserver 10.0.0.62\n" @@ -42935,27 +43162,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29119 +#: book.translate.xml:29232 msgid "" "Still using the jail console, install dns/bind99." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29122 +#: book.translate.xml:29235 #, no-wrap msgid "# make -C /usr/ports/dns/bind99 install clean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29124 +#: book.translate.xml:29237 msgid "" "Configure the name server by editing /usr/local/etc/namedb/named." "conf." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29127 +#: book.translate.xml:29240 msgid "" "Create an Access Control List (ACL) of addresses and " "networks that are permitted to send DNS queries to this " @@ -42964,7 +43191,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29133 +#: book.translate.xml:29246 #, no-wrap msgid "" "...\n" @@ -42981,7 +43208,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29145 +#: book.translate.xml:29258 msgid "" "Use the jail IP address in the listen-on setting to accept DNS queries from other " @@ -42989,13 +43216,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29150 +#: book.translate.xml:29263 #, no-wrap msgid "\tlisten-on\t{ 192.168.1.240; };" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29152 +#: book.translate.xml:29265 msgid "" "A simple caching-only DNS name server is created by " "changing the forwarders section. The original file " @@ -43003,7 +43230,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29156 +#: book.translate.xml:29269 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/*\n" @@ -43014,7 +43241,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29162 +#: book.translate.xml:29275 msgid "" "Uncomment the section by removing the /* and */ lines. Enter the IP addresses of the upstream " @@ -43024,7 +43251,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29170 +#: book.translate.xml:29283 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\tforwarders {\n" @@ -43038,23 +43265,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29179 +#: book.translate.xml:29292 msgid "Enable the service in /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29182 +#: book.translate.xml:29295 #, no-wrap msgid "named_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29184 +#: book.translate.xml:29297 msgid "Start and test the name server:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29186 +#: book.translate.xml:29299 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service named start\n" @@ -43064,31 +43291,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29191 +#: book.translate.xml:29304 msgid "A response that includes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29193 +#: book.translate.xml:29306 #, no-wrap msgid ";; Got answer;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29195 +#: book.translate.xml:29308 msgid "" "shows that the new DNS server is working. A long delay " "followed by a response including" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29199 +#: book.translate.xml:29312 #, no-wrap msgid ";; connection timed out; no servers could be reached" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29201 +#: book.translate.xml:29314 msgid "" "shows a problem. Check the configuration settings and make sure any local " "firewalls allow the new DNS access to the upstream " @@ -43096,7 +43323,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29206 +#: book.translate.xml:29319 msgid "" "The new DNS server can use itself for local name " "resolution, just like other local computers. Set the address of the " @@ -43105,13 +43332,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29212 +#: book.translate.xml:29325 #, no-wrap msgid "nameserver 192.168.1.240" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29214 +#: book.translate.xml:29327 msgid "" "A local DHCP server can be configured to provide this " "address for a local DNS server, providing automatic " @@ -43120,22 +43347,22 @@ #. (itstool) path: info/title #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm -#: book.translate.xml:29230 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:29343 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Mandatory Access Control" msgstr "強制存取控制 (MAC)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:29241 +#: book.translate.xml:29354 msgid "MAC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:29242 +#: book.translate.xml:29355 msgid "Mandatory Access Control MAC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29247 +#: book.translate.xml:29360 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports security extensions based on the POSIX.1e draft. These security mechanisms include " @@ -43152,7 +43379,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29262 +#: book.translate.xml:29375 msgid "" "This chapter focuses on the MAC framework and the set of " "pluggable security policy modules FreeBSD provides for enabling various " @@ -43160,54 +43387,54 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29270 +#: book.translate.xml:29383 msgid "The terminology associated with the MAC framework." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29275 +#: book.translate.xml:29388 msgid "" "The capabilities of MAC security policy modules as well " "as the difference between a labeled and non-labeled policy." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29281 +#: book.translate.xml:29394 msgid "" "The considerations to take into account before configuring a system to use " "the MAC framework." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29286 +#: book.translate.xml:29399 msgid "" "Which MAC security policy modules are included in FreeBSD " "and how to configure them." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29291 +#: book.translate.xml:29404 msgid "" "How to implement a more secure environment using the MAC " "framework." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29296 +#: book.translate.xml:29409 msgid "" "How to test the MAC configuration to ensure the framework " "has been properly implemented." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29310 book.translate.xml:31063 book.translate.xml:46006 +#: book.translate.xml:29423 book.translate.xml:31176 book.translate.xml:46246 msgid "" "Have some familiarity with security and how it pertains to FreeBSD ()." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:29316 +#: book.translate.xml:29429 msgid "" "Improper MAC configuration may cause loss of system " "access, aggravation of users, or inability to access the features provided " @@ -43219,7 +43446,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:29326 +#: book.translate.xml:29439 msgid "" "The examples contained within this chapter are for demonstration purposes " "and the example settings should not be implemented on a " @@ -43228,7 +43455,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29333 +#: book.translate.xml:29446 msgid "" "While this chapter covers a broad range of security issues relating to the " "MAC framework, the development of new MACMAC framework:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29353 +#: book.translate.xml:29466 msgid "" "compartment: a set of programs and data to be " "partitioned or separated, where users are given explicit access to specific " @@ -43266,7 +43493,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29363 +#: book.translate.xml:29476 msgid "" "integrity: the level of trust which can be placed on " "data. As the integrity of the data is elevated, so does the ability to trust " @@ -43274,7 +43501,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29369 +#: book.translate.xml:29482 msgid "" "level: the increased or decreased setting of a security " "attribute. As the level increases, its security is considered to elevate as " @@ -43282,7 +43509,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29375 +#: book.translate.xml:29488 msgid "" "label: a security attribute which can be applied to " "files, directories, or other items in the system. It could be considered a " @@ -43295,7 +43522,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29389 +#: book.translate.xml:29502 msgid "" "multilabel: this property is a file system option which " "can be set in single-user mode using tunefssingle label: a policy where the entire file system " "uses one label to enforce access control over the flow of data. Whenever " @@ -43317,7 +43544,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29407 +#: book.translate.xml:29520 msgid "" "object: an entity through which information flows under " "the direction of a subject. This includes directories, " @@ -43327,7 +43554,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29417 +#: book.translate.xml:29530 msgid "" "subject: any active entity that causes information to " "flow between objects such as a user, user process, or " @@ -43336,7 +43563,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29425 +#: book.translate.xml:29538 msgid "" "policy: a collection of rules which defines how " "objectives are to be achieved. A policy usually documents how certain items " @@ -43346,7 +43573,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29434 +#: book.translate.xml:29547 msgid "" "high-watermark: this type of policy permits the raising " "of security levels for the purpose of accessing higher level information. In " @@ -43356,7 +43583,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29443 +#: book.translate.xml:29556 msgid "" "low-watermark: this type of policy permits lowering " "security levels for the purpose of accessing information which is less " @@ -43367,7 +43594,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29452 +#: book.translate.xml:29565 msgid "" "sensitivity: usually used when discussing Multilevel " "Security (MLS). A sensitivity level describes how " @@ -43376,12 +43603,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:29463 +#: book.translate.xml:29576 msgid "Understanding MAC Labels" msgstr "了解 MAC 標籤" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29465 +#: book.translate.xml:29578 msgid "" "A MAC label is a security attribute which may be applied " "to subjects and objects throughout the system. When setting a label, the " @@ -43392,7 +43619,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29473 +#: book.translate.xml:29586 msgid "" "The security label on an object is used as a part of a security access " "control decision by a policy. With some policies, the label contains all of " @@ -43401,7 +43628,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29479 +#: book.translate.xml:29592 msgid "" "There are two types of label policies: single label and multi label. By " "default, the system will use single label. The administrator should be aware " @@ -43410,7 +43637,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29485 +#: book.translate.xml:29598 msgid "" "A single label security policy only permits one label to be used for every " "subject or object. Since a single label policy enforces one set of access " @@ -43421,7 +43648,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29493 +#: book.translate.xml:29606 msgid "" "A single label policy is somewhat similar to DAC as " "root configures the policies so " @@ -43433,7 +43660,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29502 +#: book.translate.xml:29615 msgid "" "When appropriate, a multi label policy can be set on a UFS file system by passing to " @@ -43448,7 +43675,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29514 +#: book.translate.xml:29627 msgid "" "Using a multi label policy on a partition and establishing a multi label " "security model can increase administrative overhead as everything in that " @@ -43457,7 +43684,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29519 +#: book.translate.xml:29632 msgid "" "The following command will set on the specified " "UFS file system. This may only be done in single-user " @@ -43465,13 +43692,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29524 +#: book.translate.xml:29637 #, no-wrap msgid "# tunefs -l enable /" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:29527 +#: book.translate.xml:29640 msgid "" "Some users have experienced problems with setting the entry specifies the maximum size for an audit " "trail before automatically terminating and rotating the trail file. A value " @@ -46358,19 +46585,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:31525 +#: book.translate.xml:31638 msgid "" "The field specifies when audit log files will " "expire and be removed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:31530 +#: book.translate.xml:31643 msgid "The audit_user File" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:31532 +#: book.translate.xml:31645 msgid "" "The administrator can specify further audit requirements for specific users " "in audit_user. Each line configures auditing for a user " @@ -46381,7 +46608,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:31540 +#: book.translate.xml:31653 msgid "" "The following example entries audit login/logout events and successful " "command execution for root and " @@ -46394,7 +46621,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31547 +#: book.translate.xml:31660 #, no-wrap msgid "" "root:lo,+ex:no\n" @@ -46402,12 +46629,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:31554 +#: book.translate.xml:31667 msgid "Working with Audit Trails" msgstr "查看稽查線索" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31556 +#: book.translate.xml:31669 msgid "" "Since audit trails are stored in the BSM binary format, " "several built-in tools are available to modify or convert these trails to " @@ -46419,25 +46646,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31566 +#: book.translate.xml:31679 msgid "" "For example, to dump the entire contents of a specified audit log in plain " "text:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31569 +#: book.translate.xml:31682 #, no-wrap msgid "# praudit /var/audit/AUDITFILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31571 +#: book.translate.xml:31684 msgid "Where AUDITFILE is the audit log to dump." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31574 +#: book.translate.xml:31687 msgid "" "Audit trails consist of a series of audit records made up of tokens, which " "praudit prints sequentially, one per line. Each token is " @@ -46447,7 +46674,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31582 +#: book.translate.xml:31695 #, no-wrap msgid "" "header,133,10,execve(2),0,Mon Sep 25 15:58:03 2006, + 384 msec\n" @@ -46460,7 +46687,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31590 +#: book.translate.xml:31703 msgid "" "This audit represents a successful execve call, in which " "the command finger doug has been run. The exec " @@ -46479,14 +46706,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31609 +#: book.translate.xml:31722 msgid "" "XML output format is also supported and can be selected " "by including ." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31612 +#: book.translate.xml:31725 msgid "" "Since audit logs may be very large, a subset of records can be selected " "using auditreduce. This example selects all audit records " @@ -46495,13 +46722,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31618 +#: book.translate.xml:31731 #, no-wrap msgid "# auditreduce -u trhodes /var/audit/AUDITFILE | praudit" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31620 +#: book.translate.xml:31733 msgid "" "Members of the audit group have " "permission to read audit trails in /var/audit. By " @@ -46515,12 +46742,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:31630 +#: book.translate.xml:31743 msgid "Live Monitoring Using Audit Pipes" msgstr "使用 Audit Pipes 即時監視" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31632 +#: book.translate.xml:31745 msgid "" "Audit pipes are cloning pseudo-devices which allow applications to tap the " "live audit record stream. This is primarily of interest to authors of " @@ -46532,13 +46759,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31641 +#: book.translate.xml:31754 #, no-wrap msgid "# praudit /dev/auditpipe" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31643 +#: book.translate.xml:31756 msgid "" "By default, audit pipe device nodes are accessible only to the root user. To make them accessible to the " @@ -46547,13 +46774,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31649 +#: book.translate.xml:31762 #, no-wrap msgid "add path 'auditpipe*' mode 0440 group audit" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31651 +#: book.translate.xml:31764 msgid "" "See devfs.rules5 for more information on configuring the devfs file " @@ -46561,7 +46788,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:31655 +#: book.translate.xml:31768 msgid "" "It is easy to produce audit event feedback cycles, in which the viewing of " "each audit event results in the generation of more audit events. For " @@ -46574,12 +46801,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:31670 +#: book.translate.xml:31783 msgid "Rotating and Compressing Audit Trail Files" msgstr "翻轉與壓縮 Audit Trail 檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31672 +#: book.translate.xml:31785 msgid "" "Audit trails are written to by the kernel and managed by the audit daemon, " "auditd8# audit -n" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31686 +#: book.translate.xml:31799 msgid "" "If auditd8 is not currently running, this command will fail " @@ -46608,26 +46835,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31689 +#: book.translate.xml:31802 msgid "" "Adding the following line to /etc/crontab will schedule " "this rotation every twelve hours:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31693 +#: book.translate.xml:31806 #, no-wrap msgid "0 */12 * * * root /usr/sbin/audit -n" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31695 +#: book.translate.xml:31808 msgid "" "The change will take effect once /etc/crontab is saved." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31698 +#: book.translate.xml:31811 msgid "" "Automatic rotation of the audit trail file based on file size is possible " "using in audit_control as " @@ -46635,7 +46862,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31702 +#: book.translate.xml:31815 msgid "" "As audit trail files can become very large, it is often desirable to " "compress or otherwise archive trails once they have been closed by the audit " @@ -46647,7 +46874,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31712 +#: book.translate.xml:31825 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#\n" @@ -46659,7 +46886,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31719 +#: book.translate.xml:31832 msgid "" "Other archiving activities might include copying trail files to a " "centralized server, deleting old trail files, or reducing the audit trail to " @@ -46669,12 +46896,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:31738 +#: book.translate.xml:31851 msgid "Storage" msgstr "儲存設備" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31743 +#: book.translate.xml:31856 msgid "" "This chapter covers the use of disks and storage media in FreeBSD. This " "includes SCSI and IDE disks, " @@ -46686,22 +46913,22 @@ "acronym> 媒體、記憶體磁碟及 USB 儲存裝置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31753 +#: book.translate.xml:31866 msgid "How to add additional hard disks to a FreeBSD system." msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 系統加入額外的硬碟。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31758 +#: book.translate.xml:31871 msgid "How to grow the size of a disk's partition on FreeBSD." msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 擴增磁碟分割區的大小。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31763 +#: book.translate.xml:31876 msgid "How to configure FreeBSD to use USB storage devices." msgstr "如何設定 FreeBSD 使用 USB 儲存裝置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31768 +#: book.translate.xml:31881 msgid "" "How to use CD and DVD media on a " "FreeBSD system." @@ -46710,37 +46937,37 @@ "體。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31773 +#: book.translate.xml:31886 msgid "How to use the backup programs available under FreeBSD." msgstr "如何使用在 FreeBSD 下可用的備份程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31778 +#: book.translate.xml:31891 msgid "How to set up memory disks." msgstr "如何設定記憶體磁碟。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31782 +#: book.translate.xml:31895 msgid "What file system snapshots are and how to use them efficiently." msgstr "什麼是檔案系統快照 (Snapshot) 以及如何有效使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31787 +#: book.translate.xml:31900 msgid "How to use quotas to limit disk space usage." msgstr "如何使用配額 (Quota) 來限制磁碟空間使用量。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31791 +#: book.translate.xml:31904 msgid "How to encrypt disks and swap to secure them against attackers." msgstr "如何加密磁碟及交換空間來防範攻擊者。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31796 +#: book.translate.xml:31909 msgid "How to configure a highly available storage network." msgstr "如何設定高可用性 (Highly available) 的儲存網路。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31805 +#: book.translate.xml:31918 msgid "" "Know how to configure and install a new " "FreeBSD kernel." @@ -46748,24 +46975,24 @@ "了解如何 設定並安裝新的 FreeBSD 核心。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:31813 +#: book.translate.xml:31926 msgid "Adding Disks" msgstr "加入磁碟" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:31816 +#: book.translate.xml:31929 msgid "" " David O'Brien Originally contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:31826 +#: book.translate.xml:31939 msgid "disks adding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31831 +#: book.translate.xml:31944 msgid "" "This section describes how to add a new SATA disk to a " "machine that currently only has a single drive. First, turn off the computer " @@ -46778,7 +47005,7 @@ "重新啟動系統並登入 root。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31839 +#: book.translate.xml:31952 msgid "" "Inspect /var/run/dmesg.boot to ensure the new disk was " "found. In this example, the newly added SATA drive will " @@ -46789,12 +47016,12 @@ "碟。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:31845 book.translate.xml:31941 +#: book.translate.xml:31958 book.translate.xml:32054 msgid "gpart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31849 +#: book.translate.xml:31962 msgid "" "For this example, a single large partition will be created on the new disk. " "The " @@ -46806,7 +47033,7 @@ "分割表格式而非較舊與通用性較差的 MBR 結構。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:31856 +#: book.translate.xml:31969 msgid "" "If the disk to be added is not blank, old partition information can be " "removed with gpart delete. See " @@ -46818,7 +47045,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8 取得詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31862 +#: book.translate.xml:31975 msgid "" "The partition scheme is created, and then a single partition is added. To " "improve performance on newer disks with larger hardware block sizes, the " @@ -46828,7 +47055,7 @@ "塊大小 (Block size)，此分割區會對齊 1 MB 的邊界：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31867 +#: book.translate.xml:31980 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart create -s GPT ada1\n" @@ -46836,7 +47063,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31870 +#: book.translate.xml:31983 msgid "" "Depending on use, several smaller partitions may be desired. See " "gpart8 來取得建立較小分割區的選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31874 +#: book.translate.xml:31987 msgid "" "The disk partition information can be viewed with gpart show:" msgstr "磁碟分割區資訊可以使用 gpart show 檢視：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31877 +#: book.translate.xml:31990 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% gpart show ada1\n" @@ -46865,18 +47092,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31883 +#: book.translate.xml:31996 msgid "A file system is created in the new partition on the new disk:" msgstr "在新磁碟的新分割區上建立檔案系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31885 +#: book.translate.xml:31998 #, no-wrap msgid "# newfs -U /dev/ada1p1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31887 +#: book.translate.xml:32000 msgid "" "An empty directory is created as a mountpoint, a " "location for mounting the new disk in the original disk's file system:" @@ -46885,13 +47112,13 @@ "磁碟的檔案系統上可用來掛載新磁碟的位置：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31891 +#: book.translate.xml:32004 #, no-wrap msgid "# mkdir /newdisk" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31893 +#: book.translate.xml:32006 msgid "" "Finally, an entry is added to /etc/fstab so the new " "disk will be mounted automatically at startup:" @@ -46900,41 +47127,41 @@ "的磁碟：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31897 +#: book.translate.xml:32010 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/ada1p1\t/newdisk\tufs\trw\t2\t2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31899 +#: book.translate.xml:32012 msgid "The new disk can be mounted manually, without restarting the system:" msgstr "新的磁碟也可手動掛載，無須重新啟動系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31902 +#: book.translate.xml:32015 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount /newdisk" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:31907 +#: book.translate.xml:32020 msgid "Resizing and Growing Disks" msgstr "重設大小與擴增磁碟" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:31910 +#: book.translate.xml:32023 msgid "" " Allan Jude Originally contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:31920 +#: book.translate.xml:32033 msgid "disks resizing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31925 +#: book.translate.xml:32038 msgid "" "A disk's capacity can increase without any changes to the data already " "present. This happens commonly with virtual machines, when the virtual disk " @@ -46949,7 +47176,7 @@ "emphasis> 磁碟內容來使用增加的容量。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31934 +#: book.translate.xml:32047 msgid "" "Determine the device name of the disk to be resized by inspecting /" "var/run/dmesg.boot. In this example, there is only one " @@ -46961,12 +47188,12 @@ "以 ada0 表示。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31945 +#: book.translate.xml:32058 msgid "List the partitions on the disk to see the current configuration:" msgstr "列出在磁碟上的分割區來查看目前的設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31948 +#: book.translate.xml:32061 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart show ada0\n" @@ -46978,7 +47205,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:31956 +#: book.translate.xml:32069 msgid "" "If the disk was formatted with the GPT partitioning " @@ -46992,7 +47219,7 @@ "分割區已不存在於磁碟結尾。 使用 gpart 來修正備份分割區：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31964 +#: book.translate.xml:32077 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart recover ada0\n" @@ -47000,7 +47227,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31968 +#: book.translate.xml:32081 msgid "" "Now the additional space on the disk is available for use by a new " "partition, or an existing partition can be expanded:" @@ -47009,7 +47236,7 @@ "區：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31972 +#: book.translate.xml:32085 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart show ada0\n" @@ -47021,8 +47248,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31979 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:32092 msgid "" "Partitions can only be resized into contiguous free space. Here, the last " "partition on the disk is the swap partition, but the second partition is the " @@ -47030,31 +47256,33 @@ "so it can safely be unmounted, deleted, and then recreate the third " "partition after resizing the second partition." msgstr "" -"分割區只能重設大小到連續的未使用空間。在這個例子磁碟上最後的分割區為交換 " -"(Swap) 分割區，而第二個分割區才是需要重設大小的分割區。交換分割區中只會有暫存" -"的資料，所以可以安全的卸載、刪除，然後在重設其他分割區大小之後再重建。" +"分割區只能在連續的未使用空間上重設大小。在這個例子中，磁碟上最後的分割區為交" +"換 (Swap) 分割區，而第二個分割區才是需要重設大小的分割區。由於交換分割區中只" +"會有暫存的資料，所以此時可以安全的卸載、刪除，然後在重設第二個分割區大小之後" +"再重建最後一個分割區。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31986 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:32099 msgid "Disable the swap partition:" -msgstr "重新建立交換分割區：" +msgstr "停用交換分割區：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31988 +#: book.translate.xml:32101 #, no-wrap msgid "# swapoff /dev/ada0p3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31990 +#: book.translate.xml:32103 msgid "" "Delete the third partition, specified by the flag, from " "the disk ada0." msgstr "" +"刪除 ada0 磁碟上的第三個分割區，可使用 參數來指定分割區。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31994 +#: book.translate.xml:32107 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -47068,7 +47296,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:32004 +#: book.translate.xml:32117 msgid "" "There is risk of data loss when modifying the partition table of a mounted " "file system. It is best to perform the following steps on an unmounted file " @@ -47082,14 +47310,13 @@ "在掛載的檔案系統上修改分割區表：" #. (itstool) path: warning/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32012 +#: book.translate.xml:32125 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=16" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32015 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:32128 msgid "" "Resize the partition, leaving room to recreate a swap partition of the " "desired size. The partition to resize is specified with , " @@ -47098,11 +47325,13 @@ "size of the partition. The file system in the partition will be expanded in " "a separate step." msgstr "" -"重設分割區大小，保留要用來重建交換分割區的大小。這個動作只會修改分割區大小，" -"分割區中的檔案系統會在另一個步驟擴增。" +"重設分割區大小並保留要用來重建交換分割區的空間，要重設大小的分割區可以用 " +" 來指定，而要重設的大小可用 來指定，若" +"要對齊分割區可以使用 。這個動作只會修改分割區大小，分割區" +"中的檔案系統需在另一個步驟擴增。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32023 +#: book.translate.xml:32136 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart resize -i 2 -s 47G -a 4k ada0\n" @@ -47115,14 +47344,16 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32031 +#: book.translate.xml:32144 msgid "" "Recreate the swap partition and activate it. If no size is specified with " ", all remaining space is used:" msgstr "" +"重建交換分割區並且啟動，若不使用 指定大小則會使用所有剩餘" +"的空間：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32035 +#: book.translate.xml:32148 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart add -t freebsd-swap -a 4k ada0\n" @@ -47136,14 +47367,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32044 +#: book.translate.xml:32157 msgid "" "Grow the UFS file system to use the new capacity of the " "resized partition:" msgstr "擴增 UFS 檔案系統來使用重設分割區大小之後的新容量：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32047 +#: book.translate.xml:32160 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# growfs /dev/ada0p2\n" @@ -47156,37 +47387,39 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32055 +#: book.translate.xml:32168 msgid "" "If the file system is ZFS, the resize is triggered by " "running the subcommand with :" msgstr "" +"若檔案系統使用 ZFS，重設大小需執行 來觸發動作：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32059 -#, fuzzy, no-wrap +#: book.translate.xml:32172 +#, no-wrap msgid "# zpool online -e zroot /dev/ada0p2" -msgstr "要設定特定變數可使用 variable=value 語法：" +msgstr "# zpool online -e zroot /dev/ada0p2" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32061 +#: book.translate.xml:32174 msgid "" "Both the partition and the file system on it have now been resized to use " "the newly-available disk space." msgstr "現在分割區與檔案系統已透過重設大小來使用新增加的磁碟空間。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:32067 +#: book.translate.xml:32180 msgid "USB Storage Devices" msgstr "USB 儲存裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32080 +#: book.translate.xml:32193 msgid "USB disks" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32085 +#: book.translate.xml:32198 msgid "" "Many external storage solutions, such as hard drives, USB " "thumbdrives, and CD and DVD burners, " @@ -47199,7 +47432,7 @@ "USB 1.x, 2.0 及 3.0 裝置的支援。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32092 +#: book.translate.xml:32205 msgid "" "USB 3.0 support is not compatible with some hardware, " "including Haswell (Lynx point) chipsets. If FreeBSD boots with a " @@ -47211,7 +47444,7 @@ "在系統 BIOS 關閉 xHCI/USB3。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32099 +#: book.translate.xml:32212 msgid "" "Support for USB storage devices is built into the " "GENERIC kernel. For a custom kernel, be sure that the " @@ -47221,7 +47454,7 @@ "filename> 核心，若為自訂的核心，請確定在核心設定檔中有下列幾行設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32104 +#: book.translate.xml:32217 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device scbus\t# SCSI bus (required for ATA/SCSI)\n" @@ -47237,7 +47470,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32115 +#: book.translate.xml:32228 msgid "" "FreeBSD uses the umass4 driver which uses the " @@ -47256,7 +47489,7 @@ "emphasis>在自訂核心設定檔中引用 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32125 +#: book.translate.xml:32238 msgid "" "The rest of this section demonstrates how to verify that a USB storage device is recognized by FreeBSD and how to configure the " @@ -47266,12 +47499,12 @@ "以及如何設定該裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32130 +#: book.translate.xml:32243 msgid "Device Configuration" msgstr "裝置設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32132 +#: book.translate.xml:32245 msgid "" "To test the USB configuration, plug in the USB device. Use dmesg to confirm that the drive " @@ -47282,7 +47515,7 @@ "如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32138 +#: book.translate.xml:32251 #, no-wrap msgid "" "umass0: <STECH Simple Drive, class 0/0, rev 2.00/1.04, addr 3> on usbus0\n" @@ -47297,7 +47530,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32148 +#: book.translate.xml:32261 msgid "" "The brand, device node (da0), speed, and size will " "differ according to the device." @@ -47305,7 +47538,7 @@ "不同的裝置會有不同的廠牌、裝置節點 (da0)、速度與大小。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32151 +#: book.translate.xml:32264 msgid "" "Since the USB device is seen as a SCSI " "one, camcontrol can be used to list the USB# camcontrol devlist\n" @@ -47324,7 +47557,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32159 +#: book.translate.xml:32272 msgid "" "Alternately, usbconfig can be used to list the device. " "Refer to usbconfig 來取得更多有關此指令的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32163 +#: book.translate.xml:32276 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# usbconfig\n" @@ -47344,7 +47577,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32166 +#: book.translate.xml:32279 msgid "" "If the device has not been formatted, refer to for instructions on how to format and create partitions on the " @@ -47358,7 +47591,7 @@ "\"mount-unmount\"/> 中的說明掛載磁碟。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:32173 +#: book.translate.xml:32286 msgid "" "Allowing untrusted users to mount arbitrary media, by enabling vfs." "usermount as described below, should not be considered safe from a " @@ -47370,7 +47603,7 @@ "裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32180 +#: book.translate.xml:32293 msgid "" "To make the device mountable as a normal user, one solution is to make all " "users of the device a member of the 能夠讀取與寫入裝置：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32187 +#: book.translate.xml:32300 #, no-wrap msgid "" "[localrules=5]\n" @@ -47396,7 +47629,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32191 +#: book.translate.xml:32304 msgid "" "If internal SCSI disks are also installed in the system, " "change the second line as follows:" @@ -47404,13 +47637,13 @@ "若系統也同時安裝了內建 SCSI 磁碟，請更改第二行如下：" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32195 +#: book.translate.xml:32308 #, no-wrap msgid "add path 'da[3-9]*' mode 0660 group operator" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32197 +#: book.translate.xml:32310 msgid "" "This will exclude the first three SCSI disks " "(da0 to da2)from belonging to the " @@ -47428,18 +47661,18 @@ "資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32205 +#: book.translate.xml:32318 msgid "Next, enable the ruleset in /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "接著，在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟規則：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32208 +#: book.translate.xml:32321 #, no-wrap msgid "devfs_system_ruleset=\"localrules\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32210 +#: book.translate.xml:32323 msgid "" "Then, instruct the system to allow regular users to mount file systems by " "adding the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:" @@ -47448,13 +47681,13 @@ "者掛載檔案系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32214 +#: book.translate.xml:32327 #, no-wrap msgid "vfs.usermount=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32216 +#: book.translate.xml:32329 msgid "" "Since this only takes effect after the next reboot, use sysctl to set this variable now:" @@ -47463,7 +47696,7 @@ "變數：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32219 +#: book.translate.xml:32332 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl vfs.usermount=1\n" @@ -47471,7 +47704,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32222 +#: book.translate.xml:32335 msgid "" "The final step is to create a directory where the file system is to be " "mounted. This directory needs to be owned by the user that is to mount the " @@ -47489,7 +47722,7 @@ "組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32232 +#: book.translate.xml:32345 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /mnt/username\n" @@ -47497,7 +47730,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32235 +#: book.translate.xml:32348 msgid "" "Suppose a USB thumbdrive is plugged in, and a device " "/dev/da0s1 appears. If the device is formatted with a " @@ -47508,33 +47741,33 @@ "使用以下指令掛載該檔案系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32240 +#: book.translate.xml:32353 #, no-wrap msgid "% mount -t msdosfs -o -m=644,-M=755 /dev/da0s1 /mnt/username" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32242 +#: book.translate.xml:32355 msgid "" "Before the device can be unplugged, it must be " "unmounted first:" msgstr "在裝置可以被拔除前，必須先卸載：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32245 +#: book.translate.xml:32358 #, no-wrap msgid "% umount /mnt/username" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32247 +#: book.translate.xml:32360 msgid "" "After device removal, the system message buffer will show messages similar " "to the following:" msgstr "裝置移除之後，系統訊息緩衝區會顯示如下的訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32250 +#: book.translate.xml:32363 #, no-wrap msgid "" "umass0: at uhub3, port 2, addr 3 (disconnected)\n" @@ -47544,12 +47777,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32257 +#: book.translate.xml:32370 msgid "Automounting Removable Media" msgstr "自動掛載可移除的媒體" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32259 +#: book.translate.xml:32372 msgid "" "USB devices can be automatically mounted by uncommenting " "this line in /etc/auto_master:" @@ -47558,18 +47791,18 @@ "USB 裝置：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32263 +#: book.translate.xml:32376 #, no-wrap msgid "/media\t\t-media\t\t-nosuid" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32265 book.translate.xml:46404 +#: book.translate.xml:32378 book.translate.xml:46644 msgid "Then add these lines to /etc/devd.conf:" msgstr "然後加入這些行到 /etc/devd.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32268 +#: book.translate.xml:32381 #, no-wrap msgid "" "notify 100 {\n" @@ -47580,7 +47813,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32274 +#: book.translate.xml:32387 msgid "" "Reload the configuration if autofs5 and " @@ -47593,7 +47826,7 @@ "載入設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32277 +#: book.translate.xml:32390 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service automount restart\n" @@ -47601,7 +47834,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32280 +#: book.translate.xml:32393 msgid "" "autofs5 can be set to start at boot by adding this line to /" @@ -47612,13 +47845,13 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32283 book.translate.xml:53437 +#: book.translate.xml:32396 book.translate.xml:53677 #, no-wrap msgid "autofs_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32285 +#: book.translate.xml:32398 msgid "" "autofs5 requires devd8，預設已經開啟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32288 +#: book.translate.xml:32401 msgid "Start the services immediately with:" msgstr "立即啟動服務：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32290 +#: book.translate.xml:32403 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service automount start\n" @@ -47645,7 +47878,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32295 +#: book.translate.xml:32408 msgid "" "Each file system that can be automatically mounted appears as a directory in " "/media/. The directory is named after the file system " @@ -47655,7 +47888,7 @@ "檔案系統的標籤來命名目錄，若標籤遺失，則會以裝置節點命名。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32300 +#: book.translate.xml:32413 msgid "" "The file system is transparently mounted on the first access, and unmounted " "after a period of inactivity. Automounted drives can also be unmounted " @@ -47665,13 +47898,13 @@ "碟也可手動卸載：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32304 +#: book.translate.xml:32417 #, no-wrap msgid "# automount -fu" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32306 +#: book.translate.xml:32419 msgid "" "This mechanism is typically used for memory cards and USB " "memory sticks. It can be used with any block device, including optical " @@ -47681,25 +47914,25 @@ "裝置，包含光碟機或 iSCSI LUN。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:32315 +#: book.translate.xml:32428 msgid "Creating and Using CD Media" msgstr "建立與使用 CD 媒體" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:32318 book.translate.xml:45827 +#: book.translate.xml:32431 book.translate.xml:46067 msgid "" " Mike Meyer Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32328 +#: book.translate.xml:32441 msgid "" "CD-ROMs creating" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32333 +#: book.translate.xml:32446 msgid "" "Compact Disc (CD) media provide a number of features that " "differentiate them from conventional disks. They are designed so that they " @@ -47711,25 +47944,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32342 +#: book.translate.xml:32455 msgid "ISO 9660" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32344 book.translate.xml:32534 +#: book.translate.xml:32457 book.translate.xml:32647 msgid "file systems ISO 9660" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32349 +#: book.translate.xml:32462 msgid "" "CD burner ATAPI" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32354 +#: book.translate.xml:32467 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Ports Collection provides several utilities for burning and " "duplicating audio and data CDs. This chapter demonstrates " @@ -47739,19 +47972,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:32364 +#: book.translate.xml:32477 msgid "Supported Devices" msgstr "支援的裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32377 +#: book.translate.xml:32490 msgid "" "CD burner ATAPI/CAM driver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32382 +#: book.translate.xml:32495 msgid "" "The GENERIC kernel provides support for SCSI, USB, and ATAPI CDSCSI burner, make sure these options are present:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32392 +#: book.translate.xml:32505 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device scbus\t# SCSI bus (required for ATA/SCSI)\n" @@ -47777,13 +48010,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32397 +#: book.translate.xml:32510 msgid "" "For a USB burner, make sure these options are present:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32400 +#: book.translate.xml:32513 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device scbus\t# SCSI bus (required for ATA/SCSI)\n" @@ -47799,13 +48032,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32411 +#: book.translate.xml:32524 msgid "" "For an ATAPI burner, make sure these options are present:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32414 +#: book.translate.xml:32527 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device ata\t# Legacy ATA/SATA controllers\n" @@ -47815,40 +48048,40 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32420 +#: book.translate.xml:32533 msgid "" "On FreeBSD versions prior to 10.x, this line is also needed in the kernel " "configuration file if the burner is an ATAPI device:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32424 +#: book.translate.xml:32537 #, no-wrap msgid "device atapicam" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32426 +#: book.translate.xml:32539 msgid "" "Alternately, this driver can be loaded at boot time by adding the following " "line to /boot/loader.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32430 +#: book.translate.xml:32543 #, no-wrap msgid "atapicam_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32432 +#: book.translate.xml:32545 msgid "" "This will require a reboot of the system as this driver can only be loaded " "at boot time." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32436 +#: book.translate.xml:32549 msgid "" "To verify that FreeBSD recognizes the device, run dmesg " "and look for an entry for the device. On systems prior to 10.x, the device " @@ -47857,7 +48090,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32442 +#: book.translate.xml:32555 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% dmesg | grep cd\n" @@ -47869,12 +48102,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32451 +#: book.translate.xml:32564 msgid "Burning a CD" msgstr "燒錄 CD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32453 +#: book.translate.xml:32566 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, cdrecord can be used to burn CDs. This command is installed with the sysutils/cdrtoolscdrecord has many options, basic usage is simple. " "Specify the name of the ISO file to burn and, if the " @@ -47890,26 +48123,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32463 +#: book.translate.xml:32576 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdrecord dev=device imagefile.iso" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32465 +#: book.translate.xml:32578 msgid "" "To determine the device name of the burner, use " "which might produce results like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32469 +#: book.translate.xml:32582 msgid "" "CD-ROMs burning" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32473 +#: book.translate.xml:32586 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cdrecord -scanbus\n" @@ -47936,7 +48169,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32495 +#: book.translate.xml:32608 msgid "" "Locate the entry for the CD burner and use the three " "numbers separated by commas as the value for . In this " @@ -47948,14 +48181,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32504 +#: book.translate.xml:32617 msgid "" "Alternately, run the following command to get the device address of the " "burner:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32507 +#: book.translate.xml:32620 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# camcontrol devlist\n" @@ -47963,7 +48196,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32510 +#: book.translate.xml:32623 msgid "" "Use the numeric values for scbus, target, and lun. For this example, 1,0,0ISO File System" msgstr "寫入資料到一個 ISO 檔案系統" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32520 +#: book.translate.xml:32633 msgid "" "In order to produce a data CD, the data files that are " "going to make up the tracks on the CD must be prepared " @@ -47990,13 +48223,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32532 +#: book.translate.xml:32645 #, no-wrap msgid "# mkisofs -o imagefile.iso /path/to/tree" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32539 +#: book.translate.xml:32652 msgid "" "This command maps the file names in the specified path to names that fit the " "limitations of the standard ISO 9660 file system, and " @@ -48005,12 +48238,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32545 +#: book.translate.xml:32658 msgid "file systems Joliet" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32550 +#: book.translate.xml:32663 msgid "" "A number of options are available to overcome the restrictions imposed by " "the standard. In particular, enables the Rock Ridge " @@ -48020,7 +48253,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32556 +#: book.translate.xml:32669 msgid "" "For CDs that are going to be used only on FreeBSD " "systems, can be used to disable all filename " @@ -48030,14 +48263,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32563 +#: book.translate.xml:32676 msgid "" "CD-ROMs creating bootable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32568 +#: book.translate.xml:32681 msgid "" "The last option of general use is . This is used to " "specify the location of a boot image for use in producing an El " @@ -48054,20 +48287,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32586 +#: book.translate.xml:32699 #, no-wrap msgid "# mkisofs -R -no-emul-boot -b boot/cdboot -o /tmp/bootable.iso /tmp/myboot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32588 +#: book.translate.xml:32701 msgid "" "The resulting ISO image can be mounted as a memory disk " "with:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32591 +#: book.translate.xml:32704 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /tmp/bootable.iso -u 0\n" @@ -48075,14 +48308,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32594 +#: book.translate.xml:32707 msgid "" "One can then verify that /mnt and /tmp/" "myboot are identical." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32597 +#: book.translate.xml:32710 msgid "" "There are many other options available for mkisofs to " "fine-tune its behavior. Refer to CD to an image file that is " "functionally equivalent to the image file created with mkisofs# dd if=/dev/cd0 of=file.iso bs=2048" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32611 +#: book.translate.xml:32724 msgid "" "The resulting image file can be burned to CD as described " "in ." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32617 +#: book.translate.xml:32730 msgid "Using Data CDs" msgstr "使用資料 CD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32619 +#: book.translate.xml:32732 msgid "" "Once an ISO has been burned to a CD, " "it can be mounted by specifying the file system type, the name of the device " @@ -48127,13 +48360,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32624 +#: book.translate.xml:32737 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0 /mnt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32626 +#: book.translate.xml:32739 msgid "" "Since mount assumes that a file system is of type " "ufs, a Incorrect super block error " @@ -48142,7 +48375,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32632 +#: book.translate.xml:32745 msgid "" "While any data CD can be mounted this way, disks with " "certain ISO 9660 extensions might behave oddly. For " @@ -48154,7 +48387,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32641 +#: book.translate.xml:32754 msgid "" "In order to do this character conversion with the help of : This is the rewritable version of the DVD-R " "standard. A DVD-RW can be rewritten about 1000 times." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:32799 +#: book.translate.xml:32912 msgid "" "DVD-RAM: This is a rewritable format which can be seen as " "a removable hard drive. However, this media is not compatible with most " @@ -48374,7 +48607,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:32809 +#: book.translate.xml:32922 msgid "" "DVD+RW: This is a rewritable format defined by the DVD" @@ -48383,14 +48616,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:32817 +#: book.translate.xml:32930 msgid "" "DVD+R: This format is the write once variation of the DVD+RW format." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32822 +#: book.translate.xml:32935 msgid "" "A single layer recordable DVD can hold up to " "4,700,000,000 bytes which is actually 4.38 GB or 4485 MB as 1 kilobyte is " @@ -48398,7 +48631,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32827 +#: book.translate.xml:32940 msgid "" "A distinction must be made between the physical media and the application. " "For example, a DVD-Video is a specific file layout that can be written on " @@ -48409,12 +48642,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32837 book.translate.xml:56089 +#: book.translate.xml:32950 book.translate.xml:56517 msgid "Configuration" msgstr "設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32839 +#: book.translate.xml:32952 msgid "" "To perform DVD recording, use growisofs1SCSI subsystem to access the devices, " "therefore ATAPI/CAM support must be loaded " @@ -48434,20 +48667,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32851 +#: book.translate.xml:32964 msgid "" "DMA access must also be enabled for ATAPI devices, by " "adding the following line to /boot/loader.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32855 book.translate.xml:33167 +#: book.translate.xml:32968 book.translate.xml:33280 #, no-wrap msgid "hw.ata.atapi_dma=\"1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32857 +#: book.translate.xml:32970 msgid "" "Before attempting to use dvd+rw-tools, consult " "the sysutils/k3b which provides a user friendly interface to DVDs" msgstr "燒錄資料 DVD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32872 +#: book.translate.xml:32985 msgid "" "Since growisofs1 is a front-end to " @@ -48481,20 +48714,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32878 +#: book.translate.xml:32991 msgid "" "To burn to a DVD+R or a DVD-R the data in /path/to/data, use the following command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32882 +#: book.translate.xml:32995 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32884 +#: book.translate.xml:32997 msgid "" "In this example, is passed to mkisofs8-Z is used for both " "single and multiple sessions. Replace /dev/cd0, " @@ -48515,20 +48748,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32898 +#: book.translate.xml:33011 msgid "" "To burn a pre-mastered image, such as imagefile.iso, use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32901 +#: book.translate.xml:33014 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0=imagefile.iso" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32903 +#: book.translate.xml:33016 msgid "" "The write speed should be detected and automatically set according to the " "media and the drive being used. To force the write speed, use to " @@ -48554,29 +48787,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32920 +#: book.translate.xml:33033 msgid "To create this type of ISO file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32922 +#: book.translate.xml:33035 #, no-wrap msgid "% mkisofs -R -J -udf -iso-level 3 -o imagefile.iso /path/to/data" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32924 +#: book.translate.xml:33037 msgid "To burn files directly to a disk:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32926 +#: book.translate.xml:33039 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -dvd-compat -udf -iso-level 3 -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32928 +#: book.translate.xml:33041 msgid "" "When an ISO image already contains large files, no additional options are " "required for growisofssysutils/cdrtools, which contains DVD-Video" msgstr "燒錄 DVD-Video" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32944 +#: book.translate.xml:33057 msgid "" "DVD DVD-Video" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32949 +#: book.translate.xml:33062 msgid "" "A DVD-Video is a specific file layout based on the ISO 9660 and micro-UDF (M-" "UDF) specifications. Since DVD-Video presents a specific data structure " @@ -48617,7 +48850,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32955 +#: book.translate.xml:33068 msgid "" "If an image of the DVD-Video file system already exists, it can be burned in " "the same way as any other image. If dvdauthor was used to " @@ -48626,13 +48859,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32962 +#: book.translate.xml:33075 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -dvd-video /path/to/video" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32964 +#: book.translate.xml:33077 msgid "" " is passed to mkisofs8DVD+RW" msgstr "使用 DVD+RW" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32973 +#: book.translate.xml:33086 msgid "" "DVD DVD+RW" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32978 +#: book.translate.xml:33091 msgid "" "Unlike CD-RW, a virgin DVD+RW needs to be formatted " "before first use. It is recommended to let " @@ -48666,13 +48899,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32985 book.translate.xml:33091 +#: book.translate.xml:33098 book.translate.xml:33204 #, no-wrap msgid "# dvd+rw-format /dev/cd0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32987 +#: book.translate.xml:33100 msgid "" "Only perform this operation once and keep in mind that only virgin " "DVD+RW medias need to be formatted. Once formatted, the " @@ -48680,7 +48913,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32992 +#: book.translate.xml:33105 msgid "" "To burn a totally new file system and not just append some data onto a " "DVD+RW, the media does not need to be blanked first. " @@ -48688,13 +48921,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32997 +#: book.translate.xml:33110 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/newdata" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32999 +#: book.translate.xml:33112 msgid "" "The DVD+RW format supports appending data to a previous " "recording. This operation consists of merging a new session to the existing " @@ -48705,20 +48938,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33006 +#: book.translate.xml:33119 msgid "" "For example, to append data to a DVD+RW, use the " "following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33009 book.translate.xml:33113 +#: book.translate.xml:33122 book.translate.xml:33226 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -M /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/nextdata" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33011 +#: book.translate.xml:33124 msgid "" "The same mkisofs8 options used to burn " @@ -48726,7 +48959,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:33015 +#: book.translate.xml:33128 msgid "" "Use for better media compatibility with " "DVD-ROM drives. When using DVD+RW, " @@ -48734,30 +48967,30 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33021 +#: book.translate.xml:33134 msgid "To blank the media, use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33023 +#: book.translate.xml:33136 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -Z /dev/cd0=/dev/zero" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:33027 +#: book.translate.xml:33140 msgid "Using a DVD-RW" msgstr "使用 DVD-RW" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33029 +#: book.translate.xml:33142 msgid "" "DVD DVD-RW" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33034 +#: book.translate.xml:33147 msgid "" "A DVD-RW accepts two disc formats: incremental sequential " "and restricted overwrite. By default, DVD-RW discs are in " @@ -48765,7 +48998,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33039 +#: book.translate.xml:33152 msgid "" "A virgin DVD-RW can be directly written without being " "formatted. However, a non-virgin DVD-RW in sequential " @@ -48773,18 +49006,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33044 +#: book.translate.xml:33157 msgid "To blank a DVD-RW in sequential mode:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33047 book.translate.xml:33095 +#: book.translate.xml:33160 book.translate.xml:33208 #, no-wrap msgid "# dvd+rw-format -blank=full /dev/cd0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:33050 +#: book.translate.xml:33163 msgid "" "A full blanking using will take about one hour " "on a 1x media. A fast blanking can be performed using tunable to " "reduce the CPU utilization of FreeBSD under the Parallels/boot/loader.conf 來完成這個動作：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:41786 book.translate.xml:41991 book.translate.xml:42195 +#: book.translate.xml:41903 book.translate.xml:42108 book.translate.xml:42312 #, no-wrap msgid "kern.hz=100" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:41788 +#: book.translate.xml:41905 msgid "" "Without this setting, an idle FreeBSD Parallels " "guest will use roughly 15% of the CPU of a single processor Parallels " @@ -61909,12 +62141,12 @@ "citerefentry> 外的所有網路裝置可以自核心中移除。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:41806 book.translate.xml:42012 book.translate.xml:42215 +#: book.translate.xml:41923 book.translate.xml:42129 book.translate.xml:42332 msgid "Configure Networking" msgstr "設定網路" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:41808 +#: book.translate.xml:41925 msgid "" "The most basic networking setup uses DHCP to connect the virtual machine to " "the same local area network as the host MacVirtual PC for Windows" @@ -61938,7 +62170,7 @@ "Virtual PC 安裝 FreeBSD 為客端" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:41824 +#: book.translate.xml:41941 msgid "" "Virtual PC for Windows is a MicrosoftVirtual PC" -msgstr "在 Virtual PC 安裝 FreeBSD " +msgstr "在 Virtual PC 安裝 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41836 +#: book.translate.xml:41953 msgid "" "The first step in installing FreeBSD on Virtual PC is to create a new virtual machine for installing FreeBSD. " @@ -61980,7 +62212,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41844 +#: book.translate.xml:41961 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd1' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -61990,13 +62222,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41850 +#: book.translate.xml:41967 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd2' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41854 +#: book.translate.xml:41971 msgid "" "Select Other as the Operating " "system when prompted:" @@ -62009,13 +62241,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41860 +#: book.translate.xml:41977 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd3' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41864 +#: book.translate.xml:41981 msgid "" "Then, choose a reasonable amount of disk and memory depending on the plans " "for this virtual FreeBSD instance. 4GB of disk space and 512MB of RAM work " @@ -62030,7 +62262,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41871 +#: book.translate.xml:41988 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd4' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -62040,7 +62272,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41877 +#: book.translate.xml:41994 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd5' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -62050,13 +62282,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41885 +#: book.translate.xml:42002 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd6' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41889 +#: book.translate.xml:42006 msgid "" "Select the FreeBSD virtual machine and click Settings, " "then set the type of networking and a network interface:" @@ -62069,7 +62301,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41895 +#: book.translate.xml:42012 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd7' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -62079,13 +62311,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41901 +#: book.translate.xml:42018 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd8' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41905 +#: book.translate.xml:42022 msgid "" "After the FreeBSD virtual machine has been created, FreeBSD can be installed " "on it. This is best done with an official FreeBSD CD/" @@ -62117,7 +62349,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41923 +#: book.translate.xml:42040 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd9' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -62127,13 +62359,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41929 +#: book.translate.xml:42046 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd10' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41933 +#: book.translate.xml:42050 msgid "" "Once this association with the CD-ROM source has been " "made, reboot the FreeBSD virtual machine by clicking ActionCD/DVD or release the ISO image. " @@ -62191,18 +62423,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41965 +#: book.translate.xml:42082 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd13' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:41971 +#: book.translate.xml:42088 msgid "Configuring FreeBSD on Virtual PC" msgstr "在 Virtual PC 設定 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41974 +#: book.translate.xml:42091 msgid "" "After FreeBSD has been successfully installed on Microsoft kern.hz tunable to " "reduce the CPU utilization of FreeBSD under the Virtual PC/boot/loader.conf 來完成：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:41993 +#: book.translate.xml:42110 msgid "" "Without this setting, an idle FreeBSD Virtual PC " "guest OS will use roughly 40% of the CPU of a single processor computer. " @@ -62238,7 +62470,7 @@ "OS 會消耗掉單一處理器的電腦 40% 的 CPU。完成此更改後使用率會減至接近 3%。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42003 +#: book.translate.xml:42120 msgid "" "All of the SCSI, FireWire, and USB device drivers can be removed from a " "custom kernel configuration file. Virtual PC " @@ -62259,7 +62491,7 @@ "citerefentry> 外的所有網路裝置可以自核心中移除。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42014 +#: book.translate.xml:42131 msgid "" "The most basic networking setup uses DHCP to connect the virtual machine to " "the same local area network as the 中描述。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:42027 +#: book.translate.xml:42144 msgid "" "FreeBSD as a Guest on VMware Fusion for " "Mac OS" @@ -62284,7 +62516,7 @@ "Fusion 安裝 FreeBSD 為客端" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42030 +#: book.translate.xml:42147 msgid "" "VMware Fusion for Mac is a commercial software product available for 後，使用者必先完成虛擬機器的設定後才可安裝想使用的客端作業系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42039 +#: book.translate.xml:42156 msgid "Installing FreeBSD on VMware Fusion" msgstr "在 VMware Fusion 安裝 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42042 +#: book.translate.xml:42159 msgid "" "The first step is to start VMware Fusion which " "will load the Virtual Machine Library. Click New " @@ -62324,13 +62556,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42049 +#: book.translate.xml:42166 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd01' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42053 +#: book.translate.xml:42170 msgid "" "This will load the New Virtual Machine Assistant. Click " "Continue to proceed:" @@ -62343,13 +62575,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42058 +#: book.translate.xml:42175 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd02' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42062 +#: book.translate.xml:42179 msgid "" "Select Other as the Operating " "System and either FreeBSD or " @@ -62366,13 +62598,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42070 +#: book.translate.xml:42187 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd03' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42074 +#: book.translate.xml:42191 msgid "" "Choose the name of the virtual machine and the directory where it should be " "saved:" @@ -62383,13 +62615,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42079 +#: book.translate.xml:42196 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd04' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42083 +#: book.translate.xml:42200 msgid "Choose the size of the Virtual Hard Disk for the virtual machine:" msgstr "選擇虛擬機器的 Virtual Hard Disk 大小：" @@ -62398,13 +62630,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42088 +#: book.translate.xml:42205 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd05' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42092 +#: book.translate.xml:42209 msgid "" "Choose the method to install the virtual machine, either from an " "ISO image or from a CD/DVDFinish and the virtual machine will boot:" msgstr "點選 Finish 接著虛擬機器會開機：" @@ -62434,13 +62666,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42107 +#: book.translate.xml:42224 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd07' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42111 +#: book.translate.xml:42228 msgid "Install FreeBSD as usual:" msgstr "照往常方式安裝 FreeBSD：" @@ -62449,20 +62681,20 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42115 +#: book.translate.xml:42232 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd08' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42119 +#: book.translate.xml:42236 msgid "" "Once the install is complete, the settings of the virtual machine can be " "modified, such as memory usage:" msgstr "安裝完成後，可以修改虛擬機器的設定，例如記憶體使用量：" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:42123 +#: book.translate.xml:42240 msgid "" "The System Hardware settings of the virtual machine cannot be modified while " "the virtual machine is running." @@ -62473,13 +62705,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42130 +#: book.translate.xml:42247 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd09' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42134 +#: book.translate.xml:42251 msgid "The number of CPUs the virtual machine will have access to:" msgstr "虛擬機器要使用的 CPU 數量：" @@ -62488,13 +62720,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42139 +#: book.translate.xml:42256 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd10' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42143 +#: book.translate.xml:42260 msgid "" "The status of the CD-ROM device. Normally the " "CD/DVD/ISO is " @@ -62509,13 +62741,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42151 +#: book.translate.xml:42268 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd11' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42155 +#: book.translate.xml:42272 msgid "" "The last thing to change is how the virtual machine will connect to the " "network. To allow connections to the virtual machine from other machines " @@ -62536,25 +62768,25 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42167 +#: book.translate.xml:42284 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd12' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42171 +#: book.translate.xml:42288 msgid "" "After modifying the settings, boot the newly installed FreeBSD virtual " "machine." msgstr "在修改設定之後，開機進入新安裝的 FreeBSD 虛擬機器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42176 +#: book.translate.xml:42293 msgid "Configuring FreeBSD on VMware Fusion" msgstr "在 VMware Fusion 設定 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42179 +#: book.translate.xml:42296 msgid "" "After FreeBSD has been successfully installed on Mac OS X with VMware Fusionkern.hz tunable to " "reduce the CPU utilization of FreeBSD under the VMware Fusion/boot/loader.conf 來完成：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42197 +#: book.translate.xml:42314 msgid "" "Without this setting, an idle FreeBSD VMware Fusion guest will use roughly 15% of the CPU of a single processor " @@ -62590,7 +62822,7 @@ "近 15% 的 CPU。完成此更改後使用率會減至接近 5%。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42206 +#: book.translate.xml:42323 msgid "" "All of the FireWire, and USB device drivers can be removed from a custom " "kernel configuration file. VMware Fusion provides " @@ -62608,7 +62840,7 @@ "核心中移除。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42217 +#: book.translate.xml:42334 msgid "" "The most basic networking setup uses DHCP to connect the virtual machine to " "the same local area network as the host MacVirtualBox" -msgstr "在 VirtualBox 使用 FreeBSD 作為客端" +msgstr "在 VirtualBox 安裝 FreeBSD 作為客端" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42232 +#: book.translate.xml:42349 msgid "" "FreeBSD works well as a guest in VirtualBox. The virtualization software is available for most " @@ -62639,7 +62871,7 @@ "當然也包含 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42237 +#: book.translate.xml:42354 msgid "" "The VirtualBox guest " "additions provide support for:" @@ -62648,37 +62880,37 @@ "支援以下功能：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42242 +#: book.translate.xml:42359 msgid "Clipboard sharing." msgstr "剪貼簿共享。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42246 +#: book.translate.xml:42363 msgid "Mouse pointer integration." msgstr "滑鼠指標整合。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42250 +#: book.translate.xml:42367 msgid "Host time synchronization." msgstr "主機時間同步。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42254 +#: book.translate.xml:42371 msgid "Window scaling." msgstr "視窗縮放。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42258 +#: book.translate.xml:42375 msgid "Seamless mode." msgstr "無痕模式。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:42263 +#: book.translate.xml:42380 msgid "These commands are run in the FreeBSD guest." msgstr "以下指令均是在 FreeBSD 客端中執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42266 +#: book.translate.xml:42383 msgid "" "First, install the emulators/virtualbox-ose-additions " "package or port in the FreeBSD guest. This will install the port:" @@ -62687,18 +62919,18 @@ "package> 套件或 Port，以下指令會安裝 Port：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42270 +#: book.translate.xml:42387 #, no-wrap msgid "# cd /usr/ports/emulators/virtualbox-ose-additions && make install clean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42272 +#: book.translate.xml:42389 msgid "Add these lines to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "加入下行到 /etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42274 +#: book.translate.xml:42391 #, no-wrap msgid "" "vboxguest_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -62706,7 +62938,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42277 +#: book.translate.xml:42394 msgid "" "If ntpd8 or ntpdateXorg will automatically recognize the " "vboxvideo driver. It can also be manually entered in " @@ -62735,7 +62967,7 @@ "程式，也可手動在 /etc/X11/xorg.conf 中輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42287 +#: book.translate.xml:42404 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -62747,7 +62979,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42294 +#: book.translate.xml:42411 msgid "" "To use the vboxmouse driver, adjust the mouse section in " "/etc/X11/xorg.conf:" @@ -62756,7 +62988,7 @@ "xorg.conf 中與滑鼠相關的一節：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42297 +#: book.translate.xml:42414 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"InputDevice\"\n" @@ -62766,7 +62998,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42302 +#: book.translate.xml:42419 msgid "" "HAL users should create the following /usr/" "local/etc/hal/fdi/policy/90-vboxguest.fdi or copy it from " @@ -62778,7 +63010,7 @@ "fdi/policy/10osvendor/90-vboxguest.fdi：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42307 +#: book.translate.xml:42424 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n" @@ -62815,13 +63047,44 @@ "</deviceinfo>" msgstr "" +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: book.translate.xml:42457 +msgid "" +"Shared folders for file transfers between host and VM are accessible by " +"mounting them using mount_vboxvfs. A shared folder can be " +"created on the host using the VirtualBox GUI or via vboxmanage. For example, to create a shared folder called " +"myshare under /mnt/" +"bsdboxshare for the VM named BSDBox, run:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen +#: book.translate.xml:42466 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# vboxmanage sharedfolder add 'BSDBox' --name myshare --hostpath /mnt/bsdboxshare" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: book.translate.xml:42468 +msgid "" +"Note that the shared folder name must not contain spaces. Mount the shared " +"folder from within the guest system like this:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen +#: book.translate.xml:42472 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# mount_vboxvfs -w myshare /mnt" +msgstr "" + #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:42342 -msgid "FreeBSD as a Host with VirtualBox" -msgstr "以 FreeBSD 作為主端安裝 VirtualBox " +#: book.translate.xml:42476 +msgid "FreeBSD as a Host with VirtualBox" +msgstr "以 FreeBSD 作為主端使用 VirtualBox" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42345 +#: book.translate.xml:42478 msgid "" "VirtualBox is an actively " "developed, complete virtualization package, that is available for most " @@ -62849,12 +63112,12 @@ "Downloads 頁面。目前，這些擴充套件並不支援 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42358 +#: book.translate.xml:42491 msgid "Installing VirtualBox" msgstr "安裝 VirtualBox" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42360 +#: book.translate.xml:42493 msgid "" "VirtualBox is available as " "a FreeBSD package or port in emulators/virtualbox-ose. " @@ -62865,7 +63128,7 @@ "得。要安裝 Port 可使用以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42365 +#: book.translate.xml:42498 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/emulators/virtualbox-ose\n" @@ -62873,7 +63136,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42368 +#: book.translate.xml:42501 msgid "" "One useful option in the port's configuration menu is the " "GuestAdditions suite of programs. These provide a number " @@ -62891,7 +63154,7 @@ "additions 可在客端系統安裝完之後的 Devices 選單找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42378 +#: book.translate.xml:42511 msgid "" "A few configuration changes are needed before " "VirtualBox is started for " @@ -62903,13 +63166,13 @@ "modules，該模組必須在核心中載入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42384 +#: book.translate.xml:42517 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload vboxdrv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42386 +#: book.translate.xml:42519 msgid "" "To ensure the module is always loaded after a reboot, add this line to " "/boot/loader.conf:" @@ -62918,13 +63181,13 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42390 +#: book.translate.xml:42523 #, no-wrap msgid "vboxdrv_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42392 +#: book.translate.xml:42525 msgid "" "To use the kernel modules that allow bridged or host-only networking, add " "this line to /etc/rc.conf and reboot the computer:" @@ -62933,13 +63196,13 @@ "rc.conf，然後重新啟動電腦：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42397 +#: book.translate.xml:42530 #, no-wrap msgid "vboxnet_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42399 +#: book.translate.xml:42532 msgid "" "The vboxusers group is created " "during installation of VirtualBoxpw 可用來加入新的成員：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42406 +#: book.translate.xml:42539 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod vboxusers -m yourusername" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42408 +#: book.translate.xml:42541 msgid "" "The default permissions for /dev/vboxnetctl are " "restrictive and need to be changed for bridged networking:" @@ -62969,7 +63232,7 @@ "接網路：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42412 +#: book.translate.xml:42545 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chown root:vboxusers /dev/vboxnetctl\n" @@ -62977,7 +63240,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42415 +#: book.translate.xml:42548 msgid "" "To make this permissions change permanent, add these lines to /etc/" "devfs.conf:" @@ -62985,7 +63248,7 @@ "要永久變更權限，可加入下列幾行到 /etc/devfs.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42418 +#: book.translate.xml:42551 #, no-wrap msgid "" "own vboxnetctl root:vboxusers\n" @@ -62993,7 +63256,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42421 +#: book.translate.xml:42554 msgid "" "To launch VirtualBox, type " "from a Xorg session:" @@ -63002,13 +63265,13 @@ "Xorg 工作階段輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42424 +#: book.translate.xml:42557 #, no-wrap msgid "% VirtualBox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42426 +#: book.translate.xml:42559 msgid "" "For more information on configuring and using " "VirtualBox, refer to the " @@ -63024,12 +63287,12 @@ "link>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42435 +#: book.translate.xml:42568 msgid "VirtualBox USB Support" msgstr "VirtualBox USB 支援" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42437 +#: book.translate.xml:42570 msgid "" "VirtualBox can be " "configured to pass USB devices through to the guest " @@ -63040,7 +63303,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42444 +#: book.translate.xml:42577 msgid "" "For VirtualBox to be aware " "of USB devices attached to the machine, the user needs to " @@ -63049,20 +63312,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42448 +#: book.translate.xml:42581 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod operator -m yourusername" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42450 +#: book.translate.xml:42583 msgid "" "Then, add the following to /etc/devfs.rules, or create " "this file if it does not exist yet:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42454 +#: book.translate.xml:42587 #, no-wrap msgid "" "[system=10]\n" @@ -63070,33 +63333,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42457 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:42590 msgid "" "To load these new rules, add the following to /etc/rc.conf:" -msgstr "若服務未執行，請加入下行到 /etc/rc.conf。" +msgstr "若服務未執行，請加入下行到 /etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42460 +#: book.translate.xml:42593 #, no-wrap msgid "devfs_system_ruleset=\"system\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42462 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:42595 msgid "Then, restart devfs:" -msgstr "然後啟動服務：" +msgstr "然後重新啟動 devfs：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42464 book.translate.xml:42515 +#: book.translate.xml:42597 book.translate.xml:42648 #, no-wrap msgid "# service devfs restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42466 +#: book.translate.xml:42599 msgid "" "Restart the login session and VirtualBox for these changes to take effect, and create " @@ -63106,7 +63367,7 @@ "application> 來讓這些變更生效，且建立必要的 USB 的過濾器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42473 +#: book.translate.xml:42606 msgid "" "VirtualBox Host DVD/CD Access" @@ -63115,7 +63376,7 @@ "acronym> 存取" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42476 +#: book.translate.xml:42609 msgid "" "Access to the host DVD/CD drives from " "guests is achieved through the sharing of the physical drives. Within " @@ -63138,7 +63399,7 @@ "acronym> 或燒錄機只會在有勾選此選項時能夠運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42490 +#: book.translate.xml:42623 msgid "" "HAL needs to run for VirtualBox DVD/CD " @@ -63151,19 +63412,19 @@ "它：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42496 +#: book.translate.xml:42629 #, no-wrap msgid "hald_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42498 +#: book.translate.xml:42631 #, no-wrap msgid "# service hald start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42500 +#: book.translate.xml:42633 msgid "" "In order for users to be able to use VirtualBox DVD/CD " @@ -63183,7 +63444,7 @@ "行到 /etc/devfs.conf 來修正：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42511 +#: book.translate.xml:42644 #, no-wrap msgid "" "perm cd* 0660\n" @@ -63192,12 +63453,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:42520 +#: book.translate.xml:42653 msgid "FreeBSD as a Host with bhyve" -msgstr "以 FreeBSD 作為主端安裝 bhyve " +msgstr "以 FreeBSD 作為主端安裝 bhyve" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42523 +#: book.translate.xml:42656 msgid "" "The bhyve BSD-licensed " "hypervisor became part of the base system with FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE. This " @@ -63210,7 +63471,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42534 +#: book.translate.xml:42667 msgid "" "The bhyve design requires a processor that " "supports Intel Extended Page " @@ -63226,25 +63487,26 @@ "UG support was introduced with Intel's Westmere micro-" "architecture. For a complete list of Intel processors that support EPT, refer to . RVI is found on the third " -"generation and later of the AMD Opteron (Barcelona) " -"processors. The easiest way to tell if a processor supports " -"bhyve is to run dmesg or look " -"in /var/run/dmesg.boot for the POPCNT processor feature flag on the Features2 line for " -"AMD processors or EPT and UG on the VT-x line for " -"Intel processors." +"xlink:href=\"https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/search/" +"featurefilter.html?productType=873&0_ExtendedPageTables=True\"/>. " +"RVI is found on the third generation and later of the " +"AMD Opteron (Barcelona) processors. The easiest way " +"to tell if a processor supports bhyve is to run " +"dmesg or look in /var/run/dmesg.boot " +"for the POPCNT processor feature flag on the " +"Features2 line for AMD processors or EPT and UG on " +"the VT-x line for Intel processors." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42559 +#: book.translate.xml:42692 msgid "Preparing the Host" msgstr "準備主端" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42561 +#: book.translate.xml:42694 msgid "" "The first step to creating a virtual machine in bhyve is configuring the host system. First, load the " @@ -63252,13 +63514,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42566 +#: book.translate.xml:42699 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload vmm" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42568 +#: book.translate.xml:42701 msgid "" "Then, create a tap interface for the network device in " "the virtual machine to attach to. In order for the network device to " @@ -63268,7 +63530,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42576 +#: book.translate.xml:42709 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig tap0 create\n" @@ -63280,30 +63542,30 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42585 +#: book.translate.xml:42718 msgid "Creating a FreeBSD Guest" msgstr "建立 FreeBSD 客端" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42587 +#: book.translate.xml:42720 msgid "" "Create a file to use as the virtual disk for the guest machine. Specify the " "size and name of the virtual disk:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42591 +#: book.translate.xml:42724 #, no-wrap msgid "# truncate -s 16G guest.img" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42593 +#: book.translate.xml:42726 msgid "Download an installation image of FreeBSD to install:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42595 +#: book.translate.xml:42728 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# fetch ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso\n" @@ -63311,7 +63573,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42598 +#: book.translate.xml:42731 msgid "" "FreeBSD comes with an example script for running a virtual machine in " "bhyve. The script will start the virtual machine " @@ -63329,13 +63591,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42615 +#: book.translate.xml:42748 #, no-wrap msgid "# sh /usr/share/examples/bhyve/vmrun.sh -c 1 -m 1024M -t tap0 -d guest.img -i -I FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso guestname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42617 +#: book.translate.xml:42750 msgid "" "The virtual machine will boot and start the installer. After installing a " "system in the virtual machine, when the system asks about dropping in to a " @@ -63343,7 +63605,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42622 +#: book.translate.xml:42755 msgid "" "Reboot the virtual machine. While rebooting the virtual machine causes " "bhyve to exit, the vmrun.sh " @@ -63354,36 +63616,36 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42630 +#: book.translate.xml:42763 #, no-wrap msgid "# sh /usr/share/examples/bhyve/vmrun.sh -c 4 -m 1024M -t tap0 -d guest.img guestname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42634 +#: book.translate.xml:42767 msgid "Creating a Linux Guest" msgstr "建立 Linux 客端" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42636 +#: book.translate.xml:42769 msgid "" "In order to boot operating systems other than FreeBSD, the sysutils/" "grub2-bhyve port must be first installed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42640 +#: book.translate.xml:42773 msgid "Next, create a file to use as the virtual disk for the guest machine:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42643 +#: book.translate.xml:42776 #, no-wrap msgid "# truncate -s 16G linux.img" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42645 +#: book.translate.xml:42778 msgid "" "Starting a virtual machine with bhyve is a two " "step process. First a kernel must be loaded, then the guest can be started. " @@ -63394,7 +63656,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42654 +#: book.translate.xml:42787 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(hd0) ./linux.img\n" @@ -63402,7 +63664,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42657 +#: book.translate.xml:42790 msgid "" "Use sysutils/grub2-bhyve to load the Linux kernel from the ISO " @@ -63410,13 +63672,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42660 +#: book.translate.xml:42793 #, no-wrap msgid "# grub-bhyve -m device.map -r cd0 -M 1024M linuxguest" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42662 +#: book.translate.xml:42795 msgid "" "This will start grub. If the installation CD contains a " "grub.cfg, a menu will be displayed. If not, the " @@ -63425,7 +63687,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42669 +#: book.translate.xml:42802 #, no-wrap msgid "" "grub> ls\n" @@ -63439,14 +63701,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42678 +#: book.translate.xml:42811 msgid "" "Now that the Linux kernel is " "loaded, the guest can be started:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42681 +#: book.translate.xml:42814 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./linux.img \\\n" @@ -63454,7 +63716,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42684 +#: book.translate.xml:42817 msgid "" "The system will boot and start the installer. After installing a system in " "the virtual machine, reboot the virtual machine. This will cause " @@ -63463,19 +63725,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42690 book.translate.xml:42718 +#: book.translate.xml:42823 book.translate.xml:42851 #, no-wrap msgid "# bhyvectl --destroy --vm=linuxguest" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42692 +#: book.translate.xml:42825 msgid "" "Now the guest can be started directly from the virtual disk. Load the kernel:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42695 +#: book.translate.xml:42828 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# grub-bhyve -m device.map -r hd0,msdos1 -M 1024M linuxguest\n" @@ -63492,12 +63754,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42707 +#: book.translate.xml:42840 msgid "Boot the virtual machine:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42709 +#: book.translate.xml:42842 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 \\\n" @@ -63505,7 +63767,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42712 +#: book.translate.xml:42845 msgid "" "Linux will now boot in the " "virtual machine and eventually present you with the login prompt. Login and " @@ -63515,7 +63777,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42722 +#: book.translate.xml:42855 msgid "" "Booting bhyve Virtual Machines with " "UEFI Firmware" @@ -63524,7 +63786,7 @@ "器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42725 +#: book.translate.xml:42858 msgid "" "In addition to bhyveload and grub-" "bhyve, the bhyve hypervisor can " @@ -63534,7 +63796,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42732 +#: book.translate.xml:42865 msgid "" "In order to make use of the UEFI support in " "bhyve, first obtain the UEFI " @@ -63543,7 +63805,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42738 +#: book.translate.xml:42871 msgid "" "With the firmware in place, add the flags to your bhyve# bhyve -AHP -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc \\\n" @@ -63563,7 +63825,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42750 +#: book.translate.xml:42883 msgid "" "sysutils/bhyve-firmware also contains a CSM-enabled firmware, to boot guests with no UEFI " @@ -63571,7 +63833,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42755 +#: book.translate.xml:42888 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# bhyve -AHP -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc \\\n" @@ -63582,16 +63844,16 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42763 +#: book.translate.xml:42896 msgid "" "Graphical UEFI Framebuffer for bhyve Guests" msgstr "" "供 bhyve 客端用的圖型化 UEFI " -"Framebuffer " +"Framebuffer" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42766 +#: book.translate.xml:42899 msgid "" "The UEFI firmware support is particularly useful with " "predominantly graphical guest operating systems such as Microsoft -s " "29,fbuf,tcp=0.0.0.0:5900 flags. The " @@ -63612,13 +63874,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42782 +#: book.translate.xml:42915 msgid "" "The resulting bhyve command would look like this:" msgstr "bhyve 指令的結果會如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42785 +#: book.translate.xml:42918 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# bhyve -AHP -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 31:0,lpc \\\n" @@ -63630,20 +63892,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42792 +#: book.translate.xml:42925 msgid "" "Note, in BIOS emulation mode, the framebuffer will cease receiving updates " "once control is passed from firmware to guest operating system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42798 +#: book.translate.xml:42931 msgid "" "Using ZFS with bhyve Guests" msgstr "在 bhyve 客端使用 ZFS" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42801 +#: book.translate.xml:42934 msgid "" "If ZFS is available on the host machine, using " "ZFS volumes instead of disk image files can provide " @@ -63652,20 +63914,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42807 +#: book.translate.xml:42940 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs create -V16G -o volmode=dev zroot/linuxdisk0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42809 +#: book.translate.xml:42942 msgid "" "When starting the VM, specify the ZFS " "volume as the disk drive:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42812 +#: book.translate.xml:42945 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 -s3:0,virtio-blk,/dev/zvol/zroot/linuxdisk0 \\\n" @@ -63673,12 +63935,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42817 +#: book.translate.xml:42950 msgid "Virtual Machine Consoles" msgstr "虛擬機器 Console" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42819 +#: book.translate.xml:42952 msgid "" "It is advantageous to wrap the bhyve console in a " "session management tool such as sysutils/tmux or " @@ -63695,7 +63957,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42836 +#: book.translate.xml:42969 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kldload nmdm\n" @@ -63710,12 +63972,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42848 +#: book.translate.xml:42981 msgid "Managing Virtual Machines" msgstr "管理虛擬機器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42850 +#: book.translate.xml:42983 msgid "" "A device node is created in /dev/vmm " "for each virtual machine. This allows the administrator to easily see a list " @@ -63723,7 +63985,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42854 +#: book.translate.xml:42987 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ls -al /dev/vmm\n" @@ -63736,25 +63998,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42862 +#: book.translate.xml:42995 msgid "" "A specified virtual machine can be destroyed using bhyvectl:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42865 +#: book.translate.xml:42998 #, no-wrap msgid "# bhyvectl --destroy --vm=guestname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42869 +#: book.translate.xml:43002 msgid "Persistent Configuration" msgstr "Persistent 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42871 +#: book.translate.xml:43004 msgid "" "In order to configure the system to start bhyve " "guests at boot time, the following configurations must be made in the " @@ -63762,23 +64024,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:42878 +#: book.translate.xml:43011 msgid "/etc/sysctl.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42880 +#: book.translate.xml:43013 #, no-wrap msgid "net.link.tap.up_on_open=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:42884 +#: book.translate.xml:43017 msgid "/etc/rc.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42886 +#: book.translate.xml:43019 #, no-wrap msgid "" "cloned_interfaces=\"bridge0 tap0\"\n" @@ -63787,12 +64049,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:42895 +#: book.translate.xml:43028 msgid "FreeBSD as a Xen-Host" msgstr "以 FreeBSD 作為主端安裝 Xen" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42897 +#: book.translate.xml:43030 msgid "" "Xen is a GPLv2-licensed type 1 " @@ -63809,7 +64071,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42907 +#: book.translate.xml:43040 msgid "" "Xen is a bare-metal hypervisor, which means that it " "is the first program loaded after the BIOS. A special privileged guest " @@ -63826,7 +64088,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42933 +#: book.translate.xml:43066 msgid "" "Xen can migrate VMs between different Xen servers. When the two xen hosts share the same underlying " @@ -63841,12 +64103,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42945 +#: book.translate.xml:43078 msgid "Hardware Requirements for Xen Dom0" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Xen Dom0 的硬體需求" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42947 +#: book.translate.xml:43080 msgid "" "To run the Xen hypervisor on a host, certain hardware " "functionality is required. Hardware virtualized domains require Extended " @@ -63856,24 +64118,30 @@ "supporting_hardware\">IOMMU) support in the host processor." msgstr "" +#. (itstool) path: note/para +#: book.translate.xml:43087 +msgid "" +"In order to run a FreeBSD Xen Dom0 the box must be " +"booted using legacy boot (BIOS)." +msgstr "" + #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42955 +#: book.translate.xml:43094 msgid "Xen Dom0 Control Domain Setup" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Xen Dom0 控制領域安裝" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42957 +#: book.translate.xml:43096 msgid "" "Users of FreeBSD 11 should install the emulators/xen-kernel47 and sysutils/xen-tools47 packages that are based " -"on Xen version 4.7. Systems running on FreeBSD-CURRENT with at least " -"revision r336475 or higher, can use Xen 4.11 provided by emulators/" -"xen-kernel411 and sysutils/xen-tools411, " -"respectively." +"on Xen version 4.7. Systems running on FreeBSD-12.0 or newer can use Xen " +"4.11 provided by emulators/xen-kernel411 and " +"sysutils/xen-tools411, respectively." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42965 +#: book.translate.xml:43104 msgid "" "Configuration files must be edited to prepare the host for the Dom0 " "integration after the Xen packages are installed. An entry to /etc/" @@ -63883,13 +64151,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42972 +#: book.translate.xml:43111 #, no-wrap -msgid "# sysrc -f /etc/sysctl.conf vm.max_wired=-1" +msgid "# echo 'vm.max_wired=-1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42974 +#: book.translate.xml:43113 msgid "" "Another memory-related setting involves changing /etc/login.conf, setting the memorylocked option to " @@ -63901,7 +64169,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42985 +#: book.translate.xml:43124 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sed -i '' -e 's/memorylocked=64K/memorylocked=unlimited/' /etc/login.conf\n" @@ -63909,20 +64177,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42988 +#: book.translate.xml:43127 msgid "" "Add an entry for the Xen console to /etc/" "ttys:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42991 +#: book.translate.xml:43130 #, no-wrap -msgid "# echo 'xc0 \"/usr/libexec/getty Pc\" xterm on secure' >> /etc/ttys" +msgid "# echo 'xc0 \"/usr/libexec/getty Pc\" xterm onifconsole secure' >> /etc/ttys" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42993 +#: book.translate.xml:43132 msgid "" "Selecting a Xen kernel in /boot/loader." "conf activates the Dom0. Xen also requires " @@ -63934,109 +64202,89 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43003 +#: book.translate.xml:43142 msgid "The following command is used for Xen 4.7 packages:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43005 +#: book.translate.xml:43144 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf hw.pci.mcfg=0\n" +"# sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf if_tap_load=\"YES\"\n" "# sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf xen_kernel=\"/boot/xen\"\n" "# sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf xen_cmdline=\"dom0_mem=8192M dom0_max_vcpus=4 dom0pvh=1 console=com1,vga com1=115200,8n1 guest_loglvl=all loglvl=all\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43009 +#: book.translate.xml:43149 msgid "" "For Xen versions 4.11 and higher, the following command should be used " "instead:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43012 +#: book.translate.xml:43152 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"# sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf hw.pci.mcfg=0\n" +"# sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf if_tap_load=\"YES\"\n" "# sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf xen_kernel=\"/boot/xen\"\n" "# sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf xen_cmdline=\"dom0_mem=8192M dom0_max_vcpus=4 dom0=pvh console=com1,vga com1=115200,8n1 guest_loglvl=all loglvl=all\"" msgstr "" -#. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43016 +#. (itstool) path: tip/para +#: book.translate.xml:43157 msgid "" -"Log files that Xen creates for the Dom0 and DomU VMs " -"are stored in /var/log/xen. This directory does not " -"exist by default and must be created." +"Log files that Xen creates for the DomU VMs are " +"stored in /var/log/xen. Please be sure to check the " +"contents of that directory if experiencing issues." msgstr "" -#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43021 -#, no-wrap -msgid "" -"# mkdir -p /var/log/xen\n" -"# chmod 644 /var/log/xen" -msgstr "" - #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43024 -msgid "" -"Xen provides a boot menu to activate and de-activate " -"the hypervisor on demand in /boot/menu.rc.local:" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43028 -#, no-wrap -msgid "# echo \"try-include /boot/xen.4th\" >> /boot/menu.rc.local" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43030 +#: book.translate.xml:43163 msgid "Activate the xencommons service during system startup:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43033 +#: book.translate.xml:43166 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysrc xencommons_enable=yes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43035 +#: book.translate.xml:43168 msgid "" "These settings are enough to start a Dom0-enabled system. However, it lacks " "network functionality for the DomU machines. To fix that, define a bridged " "interface with the main NIC of the system which the DomU VMs can use to " -"connect to the network. Replace igb0 with the " -"host network interface name." +"connect to the network. Replace em0 with the host " +"network interface name." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43043 +#: book.translate.xml:43176 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"# sysrc autobridge_interfaces=bridge0\n" -"# sysrc autobridge_bridge0=igb0\n" -"# sysrc ifconfig_bridge0=SYNCDHCP" +"# sysrc cloned_interfaces=\"bridge0\"\n" +"# sysrc ifconfig_bridge0=\"addm em0 SYNCDHCP\"\n" +"# sysrc ifconfig_em0=\"up\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43047 +#: book.translate.xml:43180 msgid "" "Restart the host to load the Xen kernel and start the " "Dom0." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43050 +#: book.translate.xml:43183 #, no-wrap msgid "# reboot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43052 +#: book.translate.xml:43185 msgid "" "After successfully booting the Xen kernel and logging " "into the system again, the Xen management tool " @@ -64044,7 +64292,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43057 +#: book.translate.xml:43190 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# xl list\n" @@ -64053,7 +64301,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43061 +#: book.translate.xml:43194 msgid "" "The output confirms that the Dom0 (called Domain-0) has " "the ID 0 and is running. It also has the memory and " @@ -64064,12 +64312,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43071 +#: book.translate.xml:43204 msgid "Xen DomU Guest VM Configuration" msgstr "Xen DomU 客端 VM 設置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43073 +#: book.translate.xml:43206 msgid "" "Unprivileged domains consist of a configuration file and virtual or physical " "hard disks. Virtual disk storage for the DomU can be files created by " @@ -64084,26 +64332,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43083 +#: book.translate.xml:43216 #, no-wrap -msgid "# fetch ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso -o freebsd.iso" +msgid "# fetch ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/ISO-IMAGES/12.0/FreeBSD-12.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso -o freebsd.iso" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43085 +#: book.translate.xml:43218 msgid "" "A ZFS volume of 20 GB called xendisk0 is created to " "serve as the disk space for the VM." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43089 +#: book.translate.xml:43222 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs create -V20G -o volmode=dev zroot/xendisk0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43091 +#: book.translate.xml:43224 msgid "" "The new DomU guest VM is defined in a file. Some specific definitions like " "name, keymap, and VNC connection details are also defined. The following " @@ -64112,7 +64360,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43096 +#: book.translate.xml:43229 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cat freebsd.cfg\n" @@ -64132,12 +64380,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43111 +#: book.translate.xml:43244 msgid "These lines are explained in more detail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:43115 +#: book.translate.xml:43248 msgid "" "This defines what kind of virtualization to use. hvm " "refers to hardware-assisted virtualization or hardware virtual machine. " @@ -64148,14 +64396,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:43126 +#: book.translate.xml:43259 msgid "" "Name of this virtual machine to distinguish it from others running on the " "same Dom0. Required." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:43131 +#: book.translate.xml:43264 msgid "" "Quantity of RAM in megabytes to make available to the VM. This amount is " "subtracted from the hypervisor's total available memory, not the memory of " @@ -64163,7 +64411,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:43137 +#: book.translate.xml:43270 msgid "" "Number of virtual CPUs available to the guest VM. For best performance, do " "not create guests with more virtual CPUs than the number of physical CPUs on " @@ -64171,7 +64419,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:43143 +#: book.translate.xml:43276 msgid "" "Virtual network adapter. This is the bridge connected to the network " "interface of the host. The mac parameter is the MAC " @@ -64180,14 +64428,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:43152 +#: book.translate.xml:43285 msgid "" "Full path to the disk, file, or ZFS volume of the disk storage for this VM. " "Options and multiple disk definitions are separated by commas." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:43158 +#: book.translate.xml:43291 msgid "" "Defines the Boot medium from which the initial operating system is " "installed. In this example, it is the ISO imaged downloaded earlier. Consult " @@ -64196,7 +64444,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:43166 +#: book.translate.xml:43299 msgid "" "Options controlling VNC connectivity to the serial console of the DomU. In " "order, these are: active VNC support, define IP address on which to listen, " @@ -64206,20 +64454,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43176 +#: book.translate.xml:43309 msgid "" "After the file has been created with all the necessary options, the DomU is " "created by passing it to xl create as a parameter." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43180 +#: book.translate.xml:43313 #, no-wrap msgid "# xl create freebsd.cfg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:43183 +#: book.translate.xml:43316 msgid "" "Each time the Dom0 is restarted, the configuration file must be passed to " "xl create again to re-create the DomU. By default, only " @@ -64232,14 +64480,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43195 +#: book.translate.xml:43328 msgid "" "The output of xl list confirms that the DomU has been " "created." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43198 +#: book.translate.xml:43331 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# xl list\n" @@ -64249,7 +64497,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43203 +#: book.translate.xml:43336 msgid "" "To begin the installation of the base operating system, start the VNC " "client, directing it to the main network address of the host or to the IP " @@ -64265,7 +64513,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43218 +#: book.translate.xml:43351 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# xl destroy freebsd\n" @@ -64273,36 +64521,168 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43221 +#: book.translate.xml:43354 msgid "" "The machine can then be accessed again using the VNC viewer. This time, it " "will boot from the virtual disk where the operating system has been " "installed and can be used as a virtual machine." msgstr "" +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43363 +msgid "" +"This section contains basic information in order to help troubleshoot issues " +"found when using FreeBSD as a Xen host or guest." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/title +#: book.translate.xml:43368 +msgid "Host Boot Troubleshooting" +msgstr "主端開機疑難排解" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:43370 +msgid "" +"Please note that the following troubleshooting tips are intended for " +"Xen 4.11 or newer. If you are still using " +"Xen 4.7 and having issues consider migrating to a " +"newer version of Xen." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:43375 +msgid "" +"In order to troubleshoot host boot issues you will likely need a serial " +"cable, or a debug USB cable. Verbose Xen boot output " +"can be obtained by adding options to the xen_cmdline " +"option found in loader.conf. A couple of relevant debug " +"options are:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: listitem/para +#: book.translate.xml:43384 +msgid "" +"iommu=debug: can be used to print additional diagnostic " +"information about the iommu." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: listitem/para +#: book.translate.xml:43389 +msgid "" +"dom0=verbose: can be used to print additional diagnostic " +"information about the dom0 build process." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: listitem/para +#: book.translate.xml:43394 +msgid "" +"sync_console: flag to force synchronous console output. " +"Useful for debugging to avoid losing messages due to rate limiting. Never " +"use this option in production environments since it can allow malicious " +"guests to perform DoS attacks against Xen using the " +"console." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:43403 +msgid "" +"FreeBSD should also be booted in verbose mode in order to identify any " +"issues. To activate verbose booting, run this command:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43407 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf boot_verbose=\"YES\"" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:43409 +msgid "" +"If none of these options help solving the problem, please send the serial " +"boot log to freebsd-xen@FreeBSD.org and xen-" +"devel@lists.xenproject.org for further analysis." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/title +#: book.translate.xml:43417 +msgid "Guest Creation Troubleshooting" +msgstr "客端建立疑難排解" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:43419 +msgid "" +"Issues can also arise when creating guests, the following attempts to " +"provide some help for those trying to diagnose guest creation issues." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:43423 +msgid "" +"The most common cause of guest creation failures is the xl command spitting some error and exiting with a return code " +"different than 0. If the error provided is not enough to help identify the " +"issue, more verbose output can also be obtained from xl " +"by using the v option repeatedly." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43431 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# xl -vvv create freebsd.cfg\n" +"Parsing config from freebsd.cfg\n" +"libxl: debug: libxl_create.c:1693:do_domain_create: Domain 0:ao 0x800d750a0: create: how=0x0 callback=0x0 poller=0x800d6f0f0\n" +"libxl: debug: libxl_device.c:397:libxl__device_disk_set_backend: Disk vdev=xvda spec.backend=unknown\n" +"libxl: debug: libxl_device.c:432:libxl__device_disk_set_backend: Disk vdev=xvda, using backend phy\n" +"libxl: debug: libxl_create.c:1018:initiate_domain_create: Domain 1:running bootloader\n" +"libxl: debug: libxl_bootloader.c:328:libxl__bootloader_run: Domain 1:not a PV/PVH domain, skipping bootloader\n" +"libxl: debug: libxl_event.c:689:libxl__ev_xswatch_deregister: watch w=0x800d96b98: deregister unregistered\n" +"domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_allocate: cmdline=\"\", features=\"\"\n" +"domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_kernel_file: filename=\"/usr/local/lib/xen/boot/hvmloader\"\n" +"domainbuilder: detail: xc_dom_malloc_filemap : 326 kB\n" +"libxl: debug: libxl_dom.c:988:libxl__load_hvm_firmware_module: Loading BIOS: /usr/local/share/seabios/bios.bin\n" +"..." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:43445 +msgid "" +"If the verbose output does not help diagnose the issue there are also QEMU " +"and Xen toolstack logs in /var/log/xen. Note that the name of the domain is appended to the log name, so " +"if the domain is named freebsd you should find a " +"/var/log/xen/xl-freebsd.log and likely a /var/" +"log/xen/qemu-dm-freebsd.log. Both log files can contain useful " +"information for debugging. If none of this helps solve the issue, please " +"send the description of the issue you are facing and as much information as " +"possible to freebsd-xen@FreeBSD.org and xen-" +"devel@lists.xenproject.org in order to get help." +msgstr "" + #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:43237 +#: book.translate.xml:43472 msgid "" "Localization - i18n/L10n Usage and " "Setup" msgstr "在地化 - i18n/L10n 使用與安裝" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:43242 +#: book.translate.xml:43477 msgid "" "AndreyChernovContributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:43246 +#: book.translate.xml:43481 msgid "" "Michael C.WuRewritten by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43256 +#: book.translate.xml:43491 msgid "" "FreeBSD is a distributed project with users and contributors located all " "over the world. As such, FreeBSD supports localization into many languages, " @@ -64315,17 +64695,17 @@ "含但不限於以下語言：中文、德文、日文、韓文、法文、俄文及越南文。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43264 +#: book.translate.xml:43499 msgid "internationalization localization" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43268 +#: book.translate.xml:43503 msgid "localization" msgstr "在地化" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43270 +#: book.translate.xml:43505 msgid "" "The term internationalization has been shortened to i18n, " "which represents the number of letters between the first and the last " @@ -64341,63 +64721,63 @@ "方法、協定及應用程式讓使用者可以自己選擇使用的語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43280 +#: book.translate.xml:43515 msgid "" "This chapter discusses the internationalization and localization features of " "FreeBSD. After reading this chapter, you will know:" msgstr "本章會討論 FreeBSD 的國際化及在地化功能。在閱讀本章之後，您會了解：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43286 +#: book.translate.xml:43521 msgid "How locale names are constructed." msgstr "語系名稱如何組成。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43290 +#: book.translate.xml:43525 msgid "How to set the locale for a login shell." msgstr "如何設定登入 Shell 的語系。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43294 +#: book.translate.xml:43529 msgid "How to configure the console for non-English languages." msgstr "如何設定 Console 給非英文語言的使用者。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43299 +#: book.translate.xml:43534 msgid "" "How to configure Xorg for different languages." msgstr "如果設定 Xorg 使用不同語言。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43304 +#: book.translate.xml:43539 msgid "How to find i18n-compliant applications." msgstr "如何找到支援 i18n 的應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43309 +#: book.translate.xml:43544 msgid "Where to find more information for configuring specific languages." msgstr "那裡可以找到更多設定特定語言的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43317 +#: book.translate.xml:43552 msgid "" "Know how to install additional third-party " "applications." msgstr "了解如何 安裝其他第三方應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:43324 +#: book.translate.xml:43559 msgid "Using Localization" msgstr "使用語系" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43326 book.translate.xml:43443 +#: book.translate.xml:43561 book.translate.xml:43678 msgid "locale" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43328 +#: book.translate.xml:43563 msgid "" "Localization settings are based on three components: the language code, " "country code, and encoding. Locale names are constructed from these parts as " @@ -64407,23 +64787,23 @@ "下：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43332 +#: book.translate.xml:43567 #, no-wrap msgid "LanguageCode_CountryCode.Encoding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43334 +#: book.translate.xml:43569 msgid "language codes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43335 +#: book.translate.xml:43570 msgid "country codes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43337 +#: book.translate.xml:43572 msgid "" "The LanguageCode and CountryCode are used to determine the country and the specific language " @@ -64437,79 +64817,79 @@ "replaceable> 的範例：" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:43343 +#: book.translate.xml:43578 msgid "Common Language and Country Codes" msgstr "常用語言及城市代碼" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43348 +#: book.translate.xml:43583 msgid "LanguageCode_Country Code" msgstr "語言代號_城市代號" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43355 +#: book.translate.xml:43590 msgid "en_US" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43356 +#: book.translate.xml:43591 msgid "English, United States" msgstr "英文，美國" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43360 +#: book.translate.xml:43595 msgid "ru_RU" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43361 +#: book.translate.xml:43596 msgid "Russian, Russia" msgstr "俄文，俄國" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43365 +#: book.translate.xml:43600 msgid "zh_TW" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43366 +#: book.translate.xml:43601 msgid "Traditional Chinese, Taiwan" msgstr "繁體中文，台灣" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43372 +#: book.translate.xml:43607 msgid "A complete listing of available locales can be found by typing:" msgstr "完整可用的語系清單可用以下指令查詢：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43375 +#: book.translate.xml:43610 #, no-wrap msgid "% locale -a | more" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43377 +#: book.translate.xml:43612 msgid "To determine the current locale setting:" msgstr "查詢目前使用的語系設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43379 +#: book.translate.xml:43614 #, no-wrap msgid "% locale" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43381 +#: book.translate.xml:43616 msgid "encodings" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43382 +#: book.translate.xml:43617 msgid "ASCII" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43384 +#: book.translate.xml:43619 msgid "" "Language specific character sets, such as ISO8859-1, ISO8859-15, KOI8-R, and " "CP437, are described in multibyteASCII characters and require an extended language " @@ -64542,12 +64922,12 @@ "組字元支援或者使用正確的字元設定來編譯應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:43402 +#: book.translate.xml:43637 msgid "FreeBSD uses Xorg-compatible locale encodings." msgstr "FreeBSD 使用 Xorg 相容的語系編碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43405 +#: book.translate.xml:43640 msgid "" "The rest of this section describes the various methods for configuring the " "locale on a FreeBSD system. The next section will discuss the considerations " @@ -64557,12 +64937,12 @@ "找以及編譯使用 i18n 支援的應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43411 +#: book.translate.xml:43646 msgid "Setting Locale for Login Shell" msgstr "設定登入 Shell 的語系" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43413 +#: book.translate.xml:43648 msgid "" "Locale settings are configured either in a user's ~/.login_conf or in the startup file of the user's shell: ~/.profile~/.cshrc。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43420 +#: book.translate.xml:43655 msgid "Two environment variables should be set:" msgstr "有兩個環境變數需要設定：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43425 +#: book.translate.xml:43660 msgid "LANG, which sets the locale<_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "LANG 用來設定語系<_:indexterm-1/>" #. (itstool) path: listitem/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43430 +#: book.translate.xml:43665 msgid "MIME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43432 +#: book.translate.xml:43667 msgid "" "MM_CHARSET, which sets the MIME character " "set used by applications" @@ -64597,7 +64977,7 @@ "元集" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43438 +#: book.translate.xml:43673 msgid "" "In addition to the user's shell configuration, these variables should also " "be set for specific application configuration and Xorglogin class" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43446 +#: book.translate.xml:43681 msgid "" "Two methods are available for making the needed variable assignments: the " "login class method, which is the " @@ -64625,12 +65005,12 @@ "(Startup file) 法。以下兩節將示範如何使用這兩個方法。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:43454 +#: book.translate.xml:43689 msgid "Login Classes Method" msgstr "登入類別 (Login Class) 法" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43456 +#: book.translate.xml:43691 msgid "" "This first method is the recommended method as it assigns the required " "environment variables for locale name and MIME character " @@ -64642,7 +65022,7 @@ "者設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43463 +#: book.translate.xml:43698 msgid "" "This minimal example sets both variables for Latin-1 encoding in the " ".login_conf of an individual user's home directory:" @@ -64651,7 +65031,7 @@ "定 Latin-1 編碼使用的兩個環境變數：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43467 +#: book.translate.xml:43702 #, no-wrap msgid "" "me:\\\n" @@ -64660,13 +65040,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43471 +#: book.translate.xml:43706 msgid "" "Traditional Chinese BIG-5 encoding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43474 +#: book.translate.xml:43709 msgid "" "Here is an example of a user's ~/.login_conf that sets " "the variables for Traditional Chinese in BIG-5 encoding. More variables are " @@ -64678,7 +65058,7 @@ "因此需要額外多做一些設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43481 +#: book.translate.xml:43716 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#Users who do not wish to use monetary units or time formats\n" @@ -64691,7 +65071,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43489 +#: book.translate.xml:43724 msgid "" "Alternately, the superuser can configure all users of the system for " "localization. The following variables in /etc/login.conf 中的變數可用來設定語系及 MIME 字元集：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43494 +#: book.translate.xml:43729 #, no-wrap msgid "" "language_name|Account Type Description:\\\n" @@ -64712,12 +65092,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43499 +#: book.translate.xml:43734 msgid "So, the previous Latin-1 example would look like this:" msgstr "若套用之前的 Latin-1 編碼範例如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43502 +#: book.translate.xml:43737 #, no-wrap msgid "" "german|German Users Accounts:\\\n" @@ -64727,16 +65107,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43507 +#: book.translate.xml:43742 msgid "" "See login.conf5 for more details about these variables." +"manvolnum> for more details about these variables. Note that " +"it already contains pre-defined russian class." msgstr "" "請參考 login.conf5 以取得更多有關這些變數的詳細資訊。" +"manvolnum> 以取得更多有關這些變數的詳細資訊。請注意，它已經含" +"有預先定義的 russian class。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43510 +#: book.translate.xml:43746 msgid "" "Whenever /etc/login.conf is edited, remember to execute " "the following command to update the capability database:" @@ -64745,17 +65127,17 @@ "新登入類別的能力資料庫(Capability database)：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:43517 +#: book.translate.xml:43753 msgid "Utilities Which Change Login Classes" msgstr "變更登入類別的工具" #. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43519 +#: book.translate.xml:43755 msgid "vipw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43523 +#: book.translate.xml:43759 msgid "" "In addition to manually editing /etc/login.conf, " "several utilities are available for setting the locale for newly created " @@ -64765,7 +65147,7 @@ "新建立的使用者設定語系。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43528 +#: book.translate.xml:43764 msgid "" "When using vipw to add new users, specify the " "language to set the locale:" @@ -64774,13 +65156,13 @@ "replaceable> 來設定語系：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43532 +#: book.translate.xml:43768 #, no-wrap msgid "user:password:1111:11:language:0:0:User Name:/home/user:/bin/sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43539 +#: book.translate.xml:43775 msgid "" "When using adduser to add new users, the default language " "can be pre-configured for all new users or specified for an individual user." @@ -64789,7 +65171,7 @@ "者事先設定預設的語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43543 +#: book.translate.xml:43779 msgid "" "If all new users use the same language, set " "defaultclass=language in " @@ -64800,49 +65182,63 @@ "literal>。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43547 +#: book.translate.xml:43783 msgid "" "To override this setting when creating a user, either input the required " "locale at this prompt:" msgstr "要在建立使用者時覆蓋預設的設定，可在出現此提示時輸入需要的語系：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43550 +#: book.translate.xml:43786 #, no-wrap msgid "Enter login class: default []:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43552 +#: book.translate.xml:43788 msgid "or specify the locale to set when invoking adduser:" msgstr "或執行 adduser 時指定語系：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43555 +#: book.translate.xml:43791 #, no-wrap msgid "# adduser -class language" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43561 +#: book.translate.xml:43797 msgid "" "If pw is used to add new users, specify the locale as " "follows:" msgstr "若使用 pw 來新增使用者，則可指定語系如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43564 +#: book.translate.xml:43800 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw useradd user_name -L language" msgstr "" +#. (itstool) path: sect4/para +#: book.translate.xml:43802 +msgid "" +"To change the login class of an existing user, chpass can " +"be used. Invoke it as superuser and provide the username to edit as the " +"argument." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect4/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43807 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# chpass user_name" +msgstr "" + #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:43569 +#: book.translate.xml:43812 msgid "Shell Startup File Method" msgstr "Shell 啟動檔 (Startup File) 法" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43571 +#: book.translate.xml:43814 msgid "" "This second method is not recommended as each shell that is used requires " "manual configuration, where each shell has a different configuration file " @@ -64859,7 +65255,7 @@ "filename> 或 /usr/share/skel/dot.profile：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43582 +#: book.translate.xml:43825 #, no-wrap msgid "" "LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG\n" @@ -64867,7 +65263,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43585 +#: book.translate.xml:43828 msgid "" "However, the name of the configuration file and the syntax used differs for " "the csh shell. These are the equivalent settings for " @@ -64879,7 +65275,7 @@ "login 或 /usr/share/skel/dot.login：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43592 +#: book.translate.xml:43835 #, no-wrap msgid "" "setenv LANG de_DE.ISO8859-1\n" @@ -64887,7 +65283,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43595 +#: book.translate.xml:43838 msgid "" "To complicate matters, the syntax needed to configure Xorg in ~/.xinitrc also depends upon the shell. " @@ -64899,24 +65295,24 @@ "command> shell 而第二個則是針對 csh shell：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43602 +#: book.translate.xml:43845 #, no-wrap msgid "LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43604 +#: book.translate.xml:43847 #, no-wrap msgid "setenv LANG de_DE.ISO8859-1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43609 +#: book.translate.xml:43852 msgid "Console Setup" msgstr "Console 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43611 +#: book.translate.xml:43854 msgid "" "Several localized fonts are available for the console. To see a listing of " "available fonts, type ls /usr/share/syscons/fonts. To " @@ -64930,7 +65326,7 @@ "型名稱 font_name：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43619 +#: book.translate.xml:43862 #, no-wrap msgid "" "font8x16=font_name\n" @@ -64939,17 +65335,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43623 +#: book.translate.xml:43866 msgid "keymap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43624 +#: book.translate.xml:43867 msgid "screenmap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43625 +#: book.translate.xml:43868 msgid "" "The keymap and screenmap can be set by adding the following to /" "etc/rc.conf:" @@ -64958,7 +65354,7 @@ "rc.conf 來設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43628 +#: book.translate.xml:43871 #, no-wrap msgid "" "scrnmap=screenmap_name\n" @@ -64967,7 +65363,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43632 +#: book.translate.xml:43875 msgid "" "To see the list of available screenmaps, type ls /usr/share/syscons/" "scrnmaps. Do not include the .scm suffix when " @@ -64983,7 +65379,7 @@ "8 的欄位，字母會移出虛擬繪圖區 (Pseudographics area)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43641 +#: book.translate.xml:43884 msgid "" "To see the list of available keymaps, type ls /usr/share/syscons/" "keymaps. When specifying the keymap_name。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43648 +#: book.translate.xml:43891 msgid "" "The keychange entry is usually needed to program function " "keys to match the selected terminal type because function key sequences " @@ -65008,7 +65404,7 @@ "定對應選擇終對機類型的功能鍵。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43653 +#: book.translate.xml:43896 msgid "" "Next, set the correct console terminal type in /etc/ttys for all virtual terminal entries. cons25l1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43676 +#: book.translate.xml:43919 msgid "ISO8859-2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43677 +#: book.translate.xml:43920 msgid "cons25l2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43681 +#: book.translate.xml:43924 msgid "ISO8859-7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43682 +#: book.translate.xml:43925 msgid "cons25l7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43686 +#: book.translate.xml:43929 msgid "KOI8-R" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43687 +#: book.translate.xml:43930 msgid "cons25r" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43691 +#: book.translate.xml:43934 msgid "KOI8-U" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43692 +#: book.translate.xml:43935 msgid "cons25u" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43696 +#: book.translate.xml:43939 msgid "CP437 (VGA default)" msgstr "CP437 (VGA 預設值)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43697 +#: book.translate.xml:43940 msgid "cons25" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43701 +#: book.translate.xml:43944 msgid "US-ASCII" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43702 +#: book.translate.xml:43945 msgid "cons25w" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43708 +#: book.translate.xml:43951 msgid "moused" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43712 +#: book.translate.xml:43955 msgid "" "For languages with wide or multibyte characters, install a console for that " "language from the FreeBSD Ports Collection. The available ports are " @@ -65123,73 +65519,73 @@ "用說明。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:43719 +#: book.translate.xml:43962 msgid "Available Console from Ports Collection" msgstr "Port 套件集中可用的 Console" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43724 book.translate.xml:43803 +#: book.translate.xml:43967 book.translate.xml:44046 msgid "Language" msgstr "語言" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43725 +#: book.translate.xml:43968 msgid "Port Location" msgstr "Port 位置" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43731 +#: book.translate.xml:43974 msgid "Traditional Chinese (BIG-5)" msgstr "繁體中文 (BIG-5)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43732 +#: book.translate.xml:43975 msgid "chinese/big5con" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43736 book.translate.xml:43741 +#: book.translate.xml:43979 book.translate.xml:43984 msgid "Chinese/Japanese/Korean" msgstr "中文/日文/韓文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43737 +#: book.translate.xml:43980 msgid "chinese/cce" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43742 +#: book.translate.xml:43985 msgid "chinese/zhcon" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43746 book.translate.xml:43751 book.translate.xml:43756 -#: book.translate.xml:43846 book.translate.xml:43851 book.translate.xml:43856 -#: book.translate.xml:43861 book.translate.xml:43866 book.translate.xml:43871 -#: book.translate.xml:43876 book.translate.xml:43881 book.translate.xml:43886 -#: book.translate.xml:43891 book.translate.xml:43896 book.translate.xml:43901 -#: book.translate.xml:43906 book.translate.xml:43911 book.translate.xml:43916 -#: book.translate.xml:43921 book.translate.xml:43926 book.translate.xml:43931 +#: book.translate.xml:43989 book.translate.xml:43994 book.translate.xml:43999 +#: book.translate.xml:44089 book.translate.xml:44094 book.translate.xml:44099 +#: book.translate.xml:44104 book.translate.xml:44109 book.translate.xml:44114 +#: book.translate.xml:44119 book.translate.xml:44124 book.translate.xml:44129 +#: book.translate.xml:44134 book.translate.xml:44139 book.translate.xml:44144 +#: book.translate.xml:44149 book.translate.xml:44154 book.translate.xml:44159 +#: book.translate.xml:44164 book.translate.xml:44169 book.translate.xml:44174 msgid "Japanese" msgstr "日文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43747 +#: book.translate.xml:43990 msgid "chinese/kon2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43752 +#: book.translate.xml:43995 msgid "japanese/kon2-14dot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43757 +#: book.translate.xml:44000 msgid "japanese/kon2-16dot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43763 +#: book.translate.xml:44006 msgid "" "If moused is enabled in /etc/rc.conf, additional configuration may be required. By default, the mouse " @@ -65207,18 +65603,18 @@ "到 /etc/rc.conf 來移動游標的範圍：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43772 +#: book.translate.xml:44015 #, no-wrap msgid "mousechar_start=3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43776 +#: book.translate.xml:44019 msgid "Xorg Setup" msgstr "Xorg 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43778 +#: book.translate.xml:44021 msgid "" " describes how to install and configure " "Xorg. When configuring Xorg 中調校且可允許使用者在圖型化應用程式選單檢視其所選擇的語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43788 +#: book.translate.xml:44031 msgid "X Input Method (XIM)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43790 +#: book.translate.xml:44033 msgid "" "The X Input Method (XIM) protocol is an " "Xorg standard for inputting non-English " @@ -65254,200 +65650,200 @@ "式。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:43798 +#: book.translate.xml:44041 msgid "Available Input Methods" msgstr "可用的輸入法" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43804 +#: book.translate.xml:44047 msgid "Input Method" msgstr "輸入法" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43811 book.translate.xml:43816 book.translate.xml:43821 -#: book.translate.xml:43826 book.translate.xml:43831 book.translate.xml:43836 -#: book.translate.xml:43841 +#: book.translate.xml:44054 book.translate.xml:44059 book.translate.xml:44064 +#: book.translate.xml:44069 book.translate.xml:44074 book.translate.xml:44079 +#: book.translate.xml:44084 msgid "Chinese" msgstr "中文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43812 +#: book.translate.xml:44055 msgid "chinese/gcin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43817 +#: book.translate.xml:44060 msgid "chinese/ibus-chewing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43822 +#: book.translate.xml:44065 msgid "chinese/ibus-pinyin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43827 +#: book.translate.xml:44070 msgid "chinese/oxim" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43832 +#: book.translate.xml:44075 msgid "chinese/scim-fcitx" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43837 +#: book.translate.xml:44080 msgid "chinese/scim-pinyin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43842 +#: book.translate.xml:44085 msgid "chinese/scim-tables" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43847 +#: book.translate.xml:44090 msgid "japanese/ibus-anthy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43852 +#: book.translate.xml:44095 msgid "japanese/ibus-mozc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43857 +#: book.translate.xml:44100 msgid "japanese/ibus-skk" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43862 +#: book.translate.xml:44105 msgid "japanese/im-ja" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43867 +#: book.translate.xml:44110 msgid "japanese/kinput2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43872 +#: book.translate.xml:44115 msgid "japanese/scim-anthy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43877 +#: book.translate.xml:44120 msgid "japanese/scim-canna" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43882 +#: book.translate.xml:44125 msgid "japanese/scim-honoka" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43887 +#: book.translate.xml:44130 msgid "japanese/scim-honoka-plugin-romkan" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43892 +#: book.translate.xml:44135 msgid "japanese/scim-honoka-plugin-wnn" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43897 +#: book.translate.xml:44140 msgid "japanese/scim-prime" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43902 +#: book.translate.xml:44145 msgid "japanese/scim-skk" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43907 +#: book.translate.xml:44150 msgid "japanese/scim-tables" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43912 +#: book.translate.xml:44155 msgid "japanese/scim-tomoe" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43917 +#: book.translate.xml:44160 msgid "japanese/scim-uim" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43922 +#: book.translate.xml:44165 msgid "japanese/skkinput" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43927 +#: book.translate.xml:44170 msgid "japanese/skkinput3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43932 +#: book.translate.xml:44175 msgid "japanese/uim-anthy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43936 book.translate.xml:43941 book.translate.xml:43946 -#: book.translate.xml:43951 book.translate.xml:43956 +#: book.translate.xml:44179 book.translate.xml:44184 book.translate.xml:44189 +#: book.translate.xml:44194 book.translate.xml:44199 msgid "Korean" msgstr "韓文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43937 +#: book.translate.xml:44180 msgid "korean/ibus-hangul" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43942 +#: book.translate.xml:44185 msgid "korean/imhangul" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43947 +#: book.translate.xml:44190 msgid "korean/nabi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43952 +#: book.translate.xml:44195 msgid "korean/scim-hangul" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43957 +#: book.translate.xml:44200 msgid "korean/scim-tables" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43961 book.translate.xml:43966 +#: book.translate.xml:44204 book.translate.xml:44209 msgid "Vietnamese" msgstr "越南文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43962 +#: book.translate.xml:44205 msgid "vietnamese/xvnkb" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43967 +#: book.translate.xml:44210 msgid "vietnamese/x-unikey" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:44011 +#: book.translate.xml:44254 msgid "Finding i18n Applications" msgstr "尋找 i18n 應用程式" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44013 +#: book.translate.xml:44256 msgid "" "i18n applications are programmed using i18n kits under libraries. These allow developers to write a simple file " @@ -65457,7 +65853,7 @@ "庫開發。這讓開發人員可以寫一個簡單的檔案並翻譯顯示的選單及文字至各種語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44018 +#: book.translate.xml:44261 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Ports " "Collection contains many applications with built-in support for wide " @@ -65471,7 +65867,7 @@ "支援您所需要的語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44025 +#: book.translate.xml:44268 msgid "" "Some applications can be compiled with the specific charset. This is usually " "done in the port's Makefile or by passing a value to " @@ -65488,12 +65884,12 @@ "解在編譯時有那些可以使用的編譯選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:44037 +#: book.translate.xml:44280 msgid "Locale Configuration for Specific Languages" msgstr "特定語言的語系設定" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44039 +#: book.translate.xml:44282 msgid "" "This section provides configuration examples for localizing a FreeBSD system " "for the Russian language. It then provides some additional resources for " @@ -65501,24 +65897,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:44045 +#: book.translate.xml:44288 msgid "Russian Language (KOI8-R Encoding)" msgstr "俄語 (KOI8-R 編碼)" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:44048 +#: book.translate.xml:44291 msgid "" "AndreyChernovOriginally contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44053 +#: book.translate.xml:44296 msgid "localization Russian" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44058 +#: book.translate.xml:44301 msgid "" "This section shows the specific settings needed to localize a FreeBSD system " "for the Russian language. Refer to ~/.login_conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44068 +#: book.translate.xml:44311 #, no-wrap msgid "" "me:My Account:\\\n" @@ -65543,14 +65939,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44072 +#: book.translate.xml:44315 msgid "" "To configure the console, add the following lines to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44075 +#: book.translate.xml:44318 #, no-wrap msgid "" "keymap=\"ru.koi8-r\"\n" @@ -65562,19 +65958,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44082 +#: book.translate.xml:44325 msgid "" "For each ttyv entry in /etc/ttys, " "use cons25r as the terminal type." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44086 +#: book.translate.xml:44329 msgid "printers" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44087 +#: book.translate.xml:44330 msgid "" "To configure printing, a special output filter is needed to convert from " "KOI8-R to CP866 since most printers with Russian characters come with " @@ -65584,7 +65980,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44095 +#: book.translate.xml:44338 #, no-wrap msgid "" "lp|Russian local line printer:\\\n" @@ -65593,14 +65989,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44099 +#: book.translate.xml:44342 msgid "" "Refer to printcap5 for a more detailed explanation." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44102 +#: book.translate.xml:44345 msgid "" "To configure support for Russian filenames in mounted MS-DOS file systems, include " @@ -65608,20 +66004,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44107 +#: book.translate.xml:44350 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/ad0s2 /dos/c msdos rw,-Lru_RU.KOI8-R 0 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44109 +#: book.translate.xml:44352 msgid "" "Refer to mount_msdosfs8 for more details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44111 +#: book.translate.xml:44354 msgid "" "To configure Russian fonts for Xorg, install the " "x11-fonts/xorg-fonts-cyrillic package. Then, check the " @@ -65631,25 +66027,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44119 +#: book.translate.xml:44362 #, no-wrap msgid "FontPath \"/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44121 +#: book.translate.xml:44364 msgid "Additional Cyrillic fonts are available in the Ports Collection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44124 +#: book.translate.xml:44367 msgid "" "To activate a Russian keyboard, add the following to the \"Keyboard" "\" section of /etc/xorg.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44128 +#: book.translate.xml:44371 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Option \"XkbLayout\" \"us,ru\"\n" @@ -65657,13 +66053,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44131 +#: book.translate.xml:44374 msgid "" "Make sure that XkbDisable is commented out in that file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44134 +#: book.translate.xml:44377 msgid "" "For grp:toggle use Right Alt, for " "grp:ctrl_shift_toggle use Windows keys, and some non-alphabetical keys are mapped " @@ -65684,13 +66080,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44149 +#: book.translate.xml:44392 #, no-wrap msgid "Option \"XkbVariant\" \",winkeys\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44152 +#: book.translate.xml:44395 msgid "" "The Russian XKB keyboard may not work with non-localized applications. " "Minimally localized applications should call a XtSetLanguageProc " @@ -65698,7 +66094,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44159 +#: book.translate.xml:44402 msgid "" "See http://koi8.pp.ru/xwin." "html for more instructions on localizing Xorglocalization Traditional Chinese" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44175 +#: book.translate.xml:44418 msgid "localization German" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44179 +#: book.translate.xml:44422 msgid "localization Greek" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44183 +#: book.translate.xml:44426 msgid "localization Japanese" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44187 +#: book.translate.xml:44430 msgid "localization Korean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44194 +#: book.translate.xml:44437 msgid "Traditional Chinese for Taiwan" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44197 +#: book.translate.xml:44440 msgid "" "The FreeBSD-Taiwan Project has a Chinese HOWTO for FreeBSD at http://netlab." @@ -65758,12 +66154,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44203 +#: book.translate.xml:44446 msgid "Greek Language Localization" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44206 +#: book.translate.xml:44449 msgid "" "A complete article on Greek support in FreeBSD is available http://" "www.jp.FreeBSD.org/, and for Korean, refer to Jim Mock Restructured, reorganized, and parts updated by Jordan Hubbard Original work by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:44270 +#: book.translate.xml:44513 msgid "" " Poul-Henning Kamp " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:44277 +#: book.translate.xml:44520 msgid "" " John Polstra " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:44284 +#: book.translate.xml:44527 msgid "" " Nik Clayton " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44296 +#: book.translate.xml:44539 msgid "" "FreeBSD is under constant development between releases. Some people prefer " "to use the officially released versions, while others prefer to keep in sync " @@ -65858,7 +66254,7 @@ "FreeBSD 系統維持最新版本的基本工具。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44310 +#: book.translate.xml:44553 msgid "" "How to keep a FreeBSD system up-to-date with freebsd-update or Subversion." @@ -65867,14 +66263,14 @@ "application> 來維持 FreeBSD 系統為最新版。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44316 +#: book.translate.xml:44559 msgid "" "How to compare the state of an installed system against a known pristine " "copy." msgstr "如何比對已安裝系統與已知原始複本間的狀態。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44321 +#: book.translate.xml:44564 msgid "" "How to keep the installed documentation up-to-date with " "Subversion or documentation ports." @@ -65883,48 +66279,48 @@ "文件為新版。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44327 +#: book.translate.xml:44570 msgid "" "The difference between the two development branches: FreeBSD-STABLE and " "FreeBSD-CURRENT." msgstr "兩種開發分支間的差異：FreeBSD-STABLE 與 FreeBSD-CURRENT。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44332 +#: book.translate.xml:44575 msgid "How to rebuild and reinstall the entire base system." msgstr "如何重新編譯及重新安裝整個基礎系統 (Base system)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44341 +#: book.translate.xml:44584 msgid "" "Properly set up the network connection ()." msgstr "正確的設定網路連線 ()。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44346 book.translate.xml:50651 book.translate.xml:60727 +#: book.translate.xml:44589 book.translate.xml:50891 book.translate.xml:61761 msgid "" "Know how to install additional third-party software ()." msgstr "了解如何安裝其他第三方軟體 ()。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44352 +#: book.translate.xml:44595 msgid "" -"Throughout this chapter, svn is used to obtain and update " -"FreeBSD sources. To use it, first install the devel/subversion port or package." +"Throughout this chapter, svnlite is used to obtain and " +"update FreeBSD sources. Optionally, the devel/subversion " +"port or package may be used." msgstr "" -"本章會經常使用 svn 來取得與更新 FreeBSD 原始碼。要使用該指" -"令請先安裝 devel/subversion Port 或套件。" +"本章會經常使用 svnlite 來取得與更新 FreeBSD 原始碼。您也可" +"以使用 devel/subversion Port 或套件。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:44361 +#: book.translate.xml:44604 msgid "FreeBSD Update" msgstr "FreeBSD 更新" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:44374 +#: book.translate.xml:44617 msgid "" " Colin Percival Based on notes provided by " @@ -65932,17 +66328,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44384 book.translate.xml:44891 book.translate.xml:45027 +#: book.translate.xml:44627 book.translate.xml:45132 book.translate.xml:45267 msgid "Updating and Upgrading" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44387 +#: book.translate.xml:44630 msgid "freebsd-update updating-upgrading" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44392 +#: book.translate.xml:44635 msgid "" "Applying security patches in a timely manner and upgrading to a newer " "release of an operating system are important aspects of ongoing system " @@ -65954,7 +66350,7 @@ "freebsd-update。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44398 +#: book.translate.xml:44641 msgid "" "This utility supports binary security and errata updates to FreeBSD, without " "the need to manually compile and install the patch or a new kernel. Binary " @@ -65969,7 +66365,7 @@ "www.FreeBSD.org/security/\">https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44405 +#: book.translate.xml:44648 msgid "" "This utility also supports operating system upgrades to minor point releases " "as well as upgrades to another release branch. Before upgrading to a new " @@ -65984,7 +66380,7 @@ "releases/\">https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ 取得。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44412 +#: book.translate.xml:44655 msgid "" "If a crontab utilizing the features of " "freebsd-update8，則必須在升級作業系統前先關閉。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44417 +#: book.translate.xml:44660 msgid "" "This section describes the configuration file used by freebsd-" "update, demonstrates how to apply a security patch and how to " @@ -66008,7 +66404,7 @@ "事項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44426 +#: book.translate.xml:44669 msgid "" "The default configuration file for freebsd-update works " "as-is. Some users may wish to tweak the default configuration in /" @@ -66022,7 +66418,7 @@ "要進一步的說明：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44434 +#: book.translate.xml:44677 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Components of the base system which should be kept updated.\n" @@ -66030,7 +66426,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44437 +#: book.translate.xml:44680 msgid "" "This parameter controls which parts of FreeBSD will be kept up-to-date. The " "default is to update the entire base system and the kernel. Individual " @@ -66047,7 +66443,7 @@ "新而造成慘重的後果。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44447 +#: book.translate.xml:44690 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an IgnorePaths\n" @@ -66056,7 +66452,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44451 +#: book.translate.xml:44694 msgid "" "To leave specified directories, such as /bin or " "/sbin, untouched during the update process, add their " @@ -66068,7 +66464,7 @@ "freebsd-update 覆蓋本地的修改。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44458 +#: book.translate.xml:44701 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an UpdateIfUnmodified\n" @@ -66078,7 +66474,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44463 +#: book.translate.xml:44706 msgid "" "This option will only update unmodified configuration files in the specified " "directories. Any changes made by the user will prevent the automatic " @@ -66091,7 +66487,7 @@ "freebsd-update 在合併時儲存使用者做的變更。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44471 +#: book.translate.xml:44714 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# When upgrading to a new FreeBSD release, files which match MergeChanges\n" @@ -66100,7 +66496,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44475 +#: book.translate.xml:44718 msgid "" "List of directories with configuration files that freebsd-update should attempt to merge. The file merge process is a series of " @@ -66125,7 +66521,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44485 +#: book.translate.xml:44728 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Directory in which to store downloaded updates and temporary\n" @@ -66134,7 +66530,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44489 +#: book.translate.xml:44732 msgid "" "This directory is where all patches and temporary files are placed. In cases " "where the user is doing a version upgrade, this location should have at " @@ -66144,7 +66540,7 @@ "有至少 1GB 的可用磁碟空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44494 +#: book.translate.xml:44737 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# When upgrading between releases, should the list of Components be\n" @@ -66155,7 +66551,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44500 +#: book.translate.xml:44743 msgid "" "When this option is set to yes, freebsd-update will assume that the Components list is complete " @@ -66169,12 +66565,12 @@ "於 Components 清單中的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44510 +#: book.translate.xml:44753 msgid "Applying Security Patches" msgstr "套用安全性修補" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44512 +#: book.translate.xml:44755 msgid "" "The process of applying FreeBSD security patches has been simplified, " "allowing an administrator to keep a system fully patched using " @@ -66186,7 +66582,7 @@ "。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44518 +#: book.translate.xml:44761 msgid "" "FreeBSD security patches may be downloaded and installed using the following " "commands. The first command will determine if any outstanding patches are " @@ -66197,7 +66593,7 @@ "補，如果有，將列出若執行修補後會變更的檔案清單。第二個指令將會套用修補。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44524 +#: book.translate.xml:44767 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# freebsd-update fetch\n" @@ -66205,7 +66601,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44527 +#: book.translate.xml:44770 msgid "" "If the update applies any kernel patches, the system will need a reboot in " "order to boot into the patched kernel. If the patch was applied to any " @@ -66217,7 +66613,7 @@ "本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44533 +#: book.translate.xml:44776 msgid "" "The system can be configured to automatically check for updates once every " "day by adding this entry to /etc/crontab:" @@ -66226,13 +66622,13 @@ "次：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44537 +#: book.translate.xml:44780 #, no-wrap msgid "@daily root freebsd-update cron" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44539 +#: book.translate.xml:44782 msgid "" "If patches exist, they will automatically be downloaded but will not be " "applied. The root user will be " @@ -66244,7 +66640,7 @@ "freebsd-update install 安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44545 +#: book.translate.xml:44788 msgid "" "If anything goes wrong, freebsd-update has the ability to " "roll back the last set of changes with the following command:" @@ -66253,7 +66649,7 @@ "後所做的變更：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44549 +#: book.translate.xml:44792 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# freebsd-update rollback\n" @@ -66261,7 +66657,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44552 +#: book.translate.xml:44795 msgid "" "Again, the system should be restarted if the kernel or any kernel modules " "were modified and any affected binaries should be restarted." @@ -66270,24 +66666,24 @@ "Binary 應重新執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44556 +#: book.translate.xml:44799 msgid "" "Only the GENERIC kernel can be automatically updated by " "freebsd-update. If a custom kernel is installed, it will " "have to be rebuilt and reinstalled after freebsd-update " -"finishes installing the updates. However, freebsd-update " -"will detect and update the GENERIC kernel if /" -"boot/GENERIC exists, even if it is not the current running kernel " -"of the system." +"finishes installing the updates. The default kernel name is " +"GENERIC. The uname1 command may be used to " +"verify its installation." msgstr "" "只有 GENERIC 核心可使用 freebsd-update 自動更新。 如果有安裝自訂的核心，在 freebsd-update 完成安裝更新後，需要重新編譯和重新安裝。 雖然如此，如果 /" -"boot/GENERIC 存在，freebsd-update 仍會偵測並更" -"新 GENERIC 核心，即使該核心並非目前系統正在執行的核心。" +"command> 完成安裝更新後，需要重新編譯和重新安裝。 預設的核心名稱為 " +"GENERIC，可使用 uname1 指令來檢查安裝的核心。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44567 +#: book.translate.xml:44808 msgid "" "Always keep a copy of the GENERIC kernel in /" "boot/GENERIC. It will be helpful in diagnosing a variety of " @@ -66301,7 +66697,7 @@ "filename> 核心的複本說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44575 +#: book.translate.xml:44816 msgid "" "Unless the default configuration in /etc/freebsd-update.conf has been changed, freebsd-update will install " @@ -66313,7 +66709,7 @@ "可依平常的方式執行重新編譯與重新安裝核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44582 +#: book.translate.xml:44823 msgid "" "The updates distributed by freebsd-update do not always " "involve the kernel. It is not necessary to rebuild a custom kernel if the " @@ -66337,12 +66733,12 @@ "更新。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44600 +#: book.translate.xml:44841 msgid "Performing Major and Minor Version Upgrades" msgstr "執行主要及次要版號升級" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44602 +#: book.translate.xml:44843 msgid "" "Upgrades from one minor version of FreeBSD to another, like from FreeBSD 9.0 " "to FreeBSD 9.1, are called minor version upgrades. " @@ -66358,7 +66754,7 @@ "以透過提供 freebsd-update 目標的發佈版本來執行。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44612 +#: book.translate.xml:44853 msgid "" "If the system is running a custom kernel, make sure that a copy of the " "GENERIC kernel exists in /boot/GENERICGENERIC 核心複本的說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44620 +#: book.translate.xml:44861 msgid "" "The following command, when run on a FreeBSD 9.0 system, will upgrade it to " "FreeBSD 9.1:" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 9.0 系統執行以下指令，將會把系統升級至 FreeBSD 9.1：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44623 +#: book.translate.xml:44864 #, no-wrap msgid "# freebsd-update -r 9.1-RELEASE upgrade" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44625 +#: book.translate.xml:44866 msgid "" "After the command has been received, freebsd-update will " "evaluate the configuration file and current system in an attempt to gather " @@ -66396,7 +66792,7 @@ "統來收集升級所需的資訊。 螢幕會顯示偵測到或沒偵測到的元件清單。例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44632 +#: book.translate.xml:44873 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 1 mirrors found.\n" @@ -66418,7 +66814,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44649 +#: book.translate.xml:44890 msgid "" "At this point, freebsd-update will attempt to download " "all files required for the upgrade. In some cases, the user may be prompted " @@ -66428,14 +66824,14 @@ "些情況，會詢問使用者一些關於要安裝什麼或要如何繼續。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44654 +#: book.translate.xml:44895 msgid "" "When using a custom kernel, the above step will produce a warning similar to " "the following:" msgstr "當使用自訂核心，上述的步驟將會產生如下的警告：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44657 +#: book.translate.xml:44898 #, no-wrap msgid "" "WARNING: This system is running a \"MYKERNEL\" kernel, which is not a\n" @@ -66445,7 +66841,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44662 +#: book.translate.xml:44903 msgid "" "This warning may be safely ignored at this point. The updated " "GENERIC kernel will be used as an intermediate step in " @@ -66455,7 +66851,7 @@ "filename> 核心來進行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44666 +#: book.translate.xml:44907 msgid "" "Once all the patches have been downloaded to the local system, they will be " "applied. This process may take a while, depending on the speed and workload " @@ -66476,7 +66872,7 @@ "或 group。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44680 +#: book.translate.xml:44921 msgid "" "The system is not being altered yet as all patching and merging is happening " "in another directory. Once all patches have been applied successfully, all " @@ -66490,13 +66886,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: note/screen #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44687 book.translate.xml:44724 book.translate.xml:44818 +#: book.translate.xml:44928 book.translate.xml:44965 book.translate.xml:45059 #, no-wrap msgid "# freebsd-update install" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44690 +#: book.translate.xml:44931 msgid "" "The kernel and kernel modules will be patched first. If the system is " "running with a custom kernel, use nextboot：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44695 +#: book.translate.xml:44936 #, no-wrap msgid "# nextboot -k GENERIC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:44698 +#: book.translate.xml:44939 msgid "" "Before rebooting with the GENERIC kernel, make sure it " "contains all the drivers required for the system to boot properly and " @@ -66534,19 +66930,19 @@ "filename> 核心。建議關閉非必須的服務和磁碟與網路掛載直到升級程序完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44712 +#: book.translate.xml:44953 msgid "The machine should now be restarted with the updated kernel:" msgstr "機器現在應使用更新過的核心重新開機：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44715 book.translate.xml:45817 +#: book.translate.xml:44956 book.translate.xml:46057 #, no-wrap msgid "# shutdown -r now" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44717 +#: book.translate.xml:44958 msgid "" "Once the system has come back online, restart freebsd-update using the following command. Since the state of the process has " @@ -66559,14 +66955,14 @@ "一個階段並移除所有舊的共用程式庫和目標檔。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44727 +#: book.translate.xml:44968 msgid "" "Depending upon whether any library version numbers were bumped, there may " "only be two install phases instead of three." msgstr "取決於是否有任何程式庫版本編號衝突，也可能只有兩個而不是三個安裝階段。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44732 +#: book.translate.xml:44973 msgid "" "The upgrade is now complete. If this was a major version upgrade, reinstall " "all ports and packages as described in 的說明重新安裝所有的 Port 和套件。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:44737 +#: book.translate.xml:44978 msgid "Custom Kernels with FreeBSD 9.X and Later" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 9.X 及之後版本自訂核心" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44739 +#: book.translate.xml:44980 msgid "" "Before using freebsd-update, ensure that a copy of the " "GENERIC kernel exists in /boot/GENERIC 核心，只需要將該目錄重新命名為 /boot/kernel。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44747 +#: book.translate.xml:44988 msgid "" "If a custom kernel has been built more than once or if it is unknown how " "many times the custom kernel has been built, obtain a copy of the " @@ -66609,7 +67005,7 @@ "則可以從安裝媒體取得 GENERIC 核心複本：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44755 +#: book.translate.xml:44996 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mount /cdrom\n" @@ -66618,14 +67014,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44759 +#: book.translate.xml:45000 msgid "" "Alternately, the GENERIC kernel may be rebuilt and " "installed from source:" msgstr "或者，可以從原始碼重新編譯 GENERIC 核心：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44762 +#: book.translate.xml:45003 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -66633,7 +67029,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44765 +#: book.translate.xml:45006 msgid "" "For this kernel to be identified as the GENERIC kernel by " "freebsd-update, the GENERIC " @@ -66645,7 +67041,7 @@ "在編譯核心時不要使用其他特殊選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44773 +#: book.translate.xml:45014 msgid "" "Rebooting into the GENERIC kernel is not required as " "freebsd-update only needs /boot/GENERICGENERIC。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:44779 +#: book.translate.xml:45020 msgid "Upgrading Packages After a Major Version Upgrade" msgstr "主要版號升級後的套件升級" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44782 +#: book.translate.xml:45023 msgid "" "Generally, installed applications will continue to work without problems " "after minor version upgrades. Major versions use different Application " @@ -66678,7 +67074,7 @@ "package> 工具。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44793 +#: book.translate.xml:45034 msgid "" "A forced upgrade of all installed packages will replace the packages with " "fresh versions from the repository even if the version number has not " @@ -66691,20 +67087,20 @@ "制升級可以執行以下指令來完成：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44800 +#: book.translate.xml:45041 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg-static upgrade -f" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44802 +#: book.translate.xml:45043 msgid "" "A rebuild of all installed applications can be accomplished with this " "command:" msgstr "重新編譯所有已安裝的應用程式可以執行以下指令來完成：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44807 +#: book.translate.xml:45048 msgid "" "This command will display the configuration screens for each application " "that has configurable options and wait for the user to interact with those " @@ -66716,7 +67112,7 @@ "option> 參數。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44813 +#: book.translate.xml:45054 msgid "" "Once the software upgrades are complete, finish the upgrade process with a " "final call to freebsd-update in order to tie up all the " @@ -66726,7 +67122,7 @@ "動作：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44820 +#: book.translate.xml:45061 msgid "" "If the GENERIC kernel was temporarily used, this is the " "time to build and install a new custom kernel using the instructions in " @@ -66736,19 +67132,19 @@ "\"kernelconfig\"/> 的說明編譯並安裝新的自訂核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44824 +#: book.translate.xml:45065 msgid "" "Reboot the machine into the new FreeBSD version. The upgrade process is now " "complete." msgstr "重新開機使用新的 FreeBSD 版本後，升級程序便正式完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44830 +#: book.translate.xml:45071 msgid "System State Comparison" msgstr "比對系統狀態" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44832 +#: book.translate.xml:45073 msgid "" "The state of the installed FreeBSD version against a known good copy can be " "tested using freebsd-update IDS. This command evaluates " @@ -66762,7 +67158,7 @@ "IDS)。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:44840 +#: book.translate.xml:45081 msgid "" "This command is not a replacement for a real IDS such as " "security/snort. As freebsd-update " @@ -66781,22 +67177,22 @@ "varname> 以及將 freebsd-update 在不使用時以唯讀儲存而降" "低，最好的解決方案是能夠與安全的磁碟，如 DVD 或儲存在外部" "的 USB 磁碟裝置比對系統。替代的方式是使用內建工具的 " -"IDS 功能，在 有詳細說明。" +"IDS 功能，在 有詳細說明" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44855 +#: book.translate.xml:45096 msgid "" "To begin the comparison, specify the output file to save the results to:" msgstr "要開始比對，需指定輸出的檔案來儲存結果：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44858 +#: book.translate.xml:45099 #, no-wrap msgid "# freebsd-update IDS >> outfile.ids" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44860 +#: book.translate.xml:45101 msgid "" "The system will now be inspected and a lengthy listing of files, along with " "the SHA256 hash values for both the known value in the " @@ -66807,7 +67203,7 @@ "版本的 SHA256 雜湊值會儲存到指定的輸出檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44866 +#: book.translate.xml:45107 msgid "" "The entries in the listing are extremely long, but the output format may be " "easily parsed. For instance, to obtain a list of all files which differ from " @@ -66817,7 +67213,7 @@ "版本不同的檔案清單，可使用以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44871 +#: book.translate.xml:45112 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cat outfile.ids | awk '{ print $1 }' | more\n" @@ -66828,7 +67224,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44877 +#: book.translate.xml:45118 msgid "" "This sample output has been truncated as many more files exist. Some files " "have natural modifications. For example, /etc/passwd " @@ -66845,17 +67241,17 @@ "的 IDSIgnorePaths 選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:44889 +#: book.translate.xml:45130 msgid "Updating the Documentation Set" msgstr "更新文件集" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44893 +#: book.translate.xml:45134 msgid "Documentation Updating and Upgrading" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44898 +#: book.translate.xml:45139 msgid "" "Documentation is an integral part of the FreeBSD operating system. While an " "up-to-date version of the FreeBSD documentation is always available on the " @@ -66869,7 +67265,7 @@ "冊、FAQ 及文章副本。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44904 +#: book.translate.xml:45145 msgid "" "This section describes how to use either source or the FreeBSD Ports " "Collection to keep a local copy of the FreeBSD documentation up-to-date." @@ -66878,7 +67274,7 @@ "複本。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44908 +#: book.translate.xml:45149 msgid "" "For information on editing and submitting corrections to the documentation, " "refer to the FreeBSD Documentation Project Primer for New Contributors " @@ -66890,58 +67286,57 @@ "freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44913 +#: book.translate.xml:45154 msgid "Updating Documentation from Source" msgstr "自原始碼更新說明文件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44915 +#: book.translate.xml:45156 msgid "" "Rebuilding the FreeBSD documentation from source requires a collection of " -"tools which are not part of the FreeBSD base system. The required tools, " -"including svn, can be installed from the " -"textproc/docproj package or port developed by the FreeBSD " -"Documentation Project." +"tools which are not part of the FreeBSD base system. The required tools can " +"be installed from the textproc/docproj package or port " +"developed by the FreeBSD Documentation Project." msgstr "" "從原始碼重新編譯 FreeBSD 文件需要一些不屬於 FreeBSD 基礎系統的工具。需要的工" -"具包括 svn 可透過由 FreeBSD 文件計劃所開發的 " -"textproc/docproj 套件或 Port 安裝。" +"具可安裝由 FreeBSD 文件計劃所開發的 textproc/docproj 套件" +"或 Port。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44922 +#: book.translate.xml:45162 msgid "" -"Once installed, use svn to fetch a clean copy of " -"the documentation source:" +"Once installed, use svnlite to fetch a clean copy " +"of the documentation source:" msgstr "" -"安裝完成之後，可使用 svn 來取得乾淨的文件原始碼複" -"本：" +"安裝完成之後，可使用 svnlite 來取得乾淨的文件原始" +"碼複本：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44925 +#: book.translate.xml:45165 #, no-wrap -msgid "# svn checkout https://svn.FreeBSD.org/doc/head /usr/doc" +msgid "# svnlite checkout https://svn.FreeBSD.org/doc/head /usr/doc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44927 +#: book.translate.xml:45167 msgid "" "The initial download of the documentation sources may take a while. Let it " "run until it completes." msgstr "第一次下載文件原始碼需要一些時間，請耐心等候執行完畢。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44930 +#: book.translate.xml:45170 msgid "Future updates of the documentation sources may be fetched by running:" msgstr "往後更新文件原始碼可執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44933 +#: book.translate.xml:45173 #, no-wrap -msgid "# svn update /usr/doc" +msgid "# svnlite update /usr/doc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44935 +#: book.translate.xml:45175 msgid "" "Once an up-to-date snapshot of the documentation sources has been fetched to " "/usr/doc, everything is ready for an update of the " @@ -66951,12 +67346,12 @@ "文件的準備動作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44939 +#: book.translate.xml:45179 msgid "A full update of all available languages may be performed by typing:" msgstr "完整更新所有可用的語言可以執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44942 +#: book.translate.xml:45182 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/doc\n" @@ -66964,7 +67359,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44945 +#: book.translate.xml:45185 msgid "" "If an update of only a specific language is desired, make " "can be invoked in a language-specific subdirectory of /usr/docmake：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44950 +#: book.translate.xml:45190 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1\n" @@ -66982,7 +67377,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44953 +#: book.translate.xml:45193 msgid "" "An alternative way of updating the documentation is to run this command from " "/usr/doc or the desired language-specific subdirectory:" @@ -66991,20 +67386,20 @@ "行此指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44957 +#: book.translate.xml:45197 #, no-wrap msgid "# make update" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44959 +#: book.translate.xml:45199 msgid "" "The output formats that will be installed may be specified by setting " "FORMATS:" msgstr "要指定安裝的輸出格式可使用 FORMATS 來設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44962 +#: book.translate.xml:45202 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/doc\n" @@ -67012,7 +67407,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44965 +#: book.translate.xml:45205 msgid "" "Several options are available to ease the process of updating only parts of " "the documentation, or the build of specific translations. These options can " @@ -67024,17 +67419,17 @@ "給 make。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44972 +#: book.translate.xml:45212 msgid "The options include:" msgstr "選項有：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44976 +#: book.translate.xml:45216 msgid "DOC_LANG" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44979 +#: book.translate.xml:45219 msgid "" "The list of languages and encodings to build and install, such as " "en_US.ISO8859-1 for English documentation." @@ -67043,12 +67438,12 @@ "語文件。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44986 +#: book.translate.xml:45226 msgid "FORMATS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44989 +#: book.translate.xml:45229 msgid "" "A single format or a list of output formats to be built. Currently, " "html, html-split, txt。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44998 +#: book.translate.xml:45238 msgid "DOCDIR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45001 +#: book.translate.xml:45241 msgid "" "Where to install the documentation. It defaults to /usr/share/doc." msgstr "要安裝文件的位置，預設為 /usr/share/doc。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45007 +#: book.translate.xml:45247 msgid "" "For more make variables supported as system-wide options " "in FreeBSD, refer to make.conf。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:45014 +#: book.translate.xml:45254 msgid "Updating Documentation from Ports" msgstr "自 Port 更新說明文件" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:45017 +#: book.translate.xml:45257 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille Based on the work of " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45031 +#: book.translate.xml:45271 msgid "" "documentation package Updating and Upgrading" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45036 +#: book.translate.xml:45276 msgid "" "The previous section presented a method for updating the FreeBSD " "documentation from sources. This section describes an alternative method " @@ -67110,21 +67505,21 @@ "方法，可由以下方式達成：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45043 +#: book.translate.xml:45283 msgid "" "Install pre-built packages of the documentation, without having to locally " "build anything or install the documentation toolchain." msgstr "安裝事先編譯好的文件套件，無須在本地編譯任何東西或安裝文件工具集。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45049 +#: book.translate.xml:45289 msgid "" "Build the documentation sources through the ports framework, making the " "checkout and build steps a bit easier." msgstr "使用 Port 框架來編譯文件原始碼，可讓取得與編譯文件的步驟更簡單。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45055 +#: book.translate.xml:45295 msgid "" "This method of updating the FreeBSD documentation is supported by a set of " "documentation ports and packages which are updated by the Documentation " @@ -67139,12 +67534,12 @@ "org/docs/\">http://www.freshports.org/docs/)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45061 +#: book.translate.xml:45301 msgid "Organization of the documentation ports is as follows:" msgstr "文件 Port 的組織方式如下：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45066 +#: book.translate.xml:45306 msgid "" "The misc/freebsd-doc-en package or port installs all of " "the English documentation." @@ -67152,7 +67547,7 @@ "misc/freebsd-doc-en 套件或 Port 會安裝所有英語的文件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45071 +#: book.translate.xml:45311 msgid "" "The misc/freebsd-doc-all meta-package or port installs " "all documentation in all available languages." @@ -67161,7 +67556,7 @@ "件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45077 +#: book.translate.xml:45317 msgid "" "There is a package and port for each translation, such as misc/" "freebsd-doc-hu for the Hungarian documentation." @@ -67170,7 +67565,7 @@ "利語文件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45083 +#: book.translate.xml:45323 msgid "" "When binary packages are used, the FreeBSD documentation will be installed " "in all available formats for the given language. For example, the following " @@ -67180,13 +67575,13 @@ "會安裝最新的匈牙利語文件套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45088 +#: book.translate.xml:45328 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install hu-freebsd-doc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45091 +#: book.translate.xml:45331 msgid "" "Packages use a format that differs from the corresponding port's name: " "lang-freebsd-doc, where " @@ -67200,7 +67595,7 @@ "literal> 代表簡體中文。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45100 +#: book.translate.xml:45340 msgid "" "To specify the format of the documentation, build the port instead of " "installing the package. For example, to build and install the English " @@ -67209,7 +67604,7 @@ "要指定文件的格式，需以編譯 Port 來代替安裝套件。例如要編譯並安裝英語文件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45104 +#: book.translate.xml:45344 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/misc/freebsd-doc-en\n" @@ -67217,7 +67612,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45107 +#: book.translate.xml:45347 msgid "" "The port provides a configuration menu where the format to build and install " "can be specified. By default, split HTML, similar to the " @@ -67229,7 +67624,7 @@ "org 使用的格式) 以及 PDF。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45112 +#: book.translate.xml:45352 msgid "" "Alternately, several make options can be specified when " "building a documentation port, including:" @@ -67237,12 +67632,12 @@ "此外，編譯文件 Port 時也可指定數個 make 選項，包括：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:45118 +#: book.translate.xml:45358 msgid "WITH_HTML" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45121 +#: book.translate.xml:45361 msgid "" "Builds the HTML format with a single HTML file per document. The formatted " "documentation is saved to a file called article.html, " @@ -67252,12 +67647,12 @@ "article.html 或 book.html 的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:45129 +#: book.translate.xml:45369 msgid "WITH_PDF" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45132 +#: book.translate.xml:45372 msgid "" "The formatted documentation is saved to a file called article.pdf or book.pdf." @@ -67266,12 +67661,12 @@ "book.pdf 的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:45139 +#: book.translate.xml:45379 msgid "DOCBASE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45142 +#: book.translate.xml:45382 msgid "" "Specifies where to install the documentation. It defaults to /usr/" "local/share/doc/freebsd." @@ -67280,7 +67675,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45149 +#: book.translate.xml:45389 msgid "" "This example uses variables to install the Hungarian documentation as a " "PDF in the specified directory:" @@ -67288,7 +67683,7 @@ "以下範例使用變數來安裝 PDF 的匈牙利語文件到特定目錄：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45153 +#: book.translate.xml:45393 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/misc/freebsd-doc-hu\n" @@ -67296,7 +67691,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45156 +#: book.translate.xml:45396 msgid "" "Documentation packages or ports can be updated using the instructions in " ". For example, the following command updates the " @@ -67307,34 +67702,34 @@ "用 ports-mgmt/portmaster 更新已安裝的匈牙利語文件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45162 +#: book.translate.xml:45402 #, no-wrap msgid "# portmaster -PP hu-freebsd-doc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:45167 +#: book.translate.xml:45407 msgid "Tracking a Development Branch" msgstr "追蹤開發分支" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45169 +#: book.translate.xml:45409 msgid "-CURRENT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45170 +#: book.translate.xml:45410 msgid "-STABLE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45172 +#: book.translate.xml:45412 msgid "" "FreeBSD has two development branches: FreeBSD-CURRENT and FreeBSD-STABLE." msgstr "FreeBSD 有兩個開發分支：FreeBSD-CURRENT 及 FreeBSD-STABLE。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45175 +#: book.translate.xml:45415 msgid "" "This section provides an explanation of each branch and its intended " "audience, as well as how to keep a system up-to-date with each respective " @@ -67343,12 +67738,12 @@ "本節將說明每個分支及其的特定使用者，也會說明如何在各別分支維持系統為最新版。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:45180 +#: book.translate.xml:45420 msgid "Using FreeBSD-CURRENT" msgstr "使用 FreeBSD-CURRENT" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45182 +#: book.translate.xml:45422 msgid "" "FreeBSD-CURRENT is the bleeding edge of FreeBSD development " "and FreeBSD-CURRENT users are expected to have a high degree of technical " @@ -67360,7 +67755,7 @@ "支。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45188 +#: book.translate.xml:45428 msgid "" "FreeBSD-CURRENT is the very latest source code for FreeBSD and includes " "works in progress, experimental changes, and transitional mechanisms that " @@ -67378,19 +67773,19 @@ "量這個問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45198 +#: book.translate.xml:45438 msgid "FreeBSD-CURRENT is made available for three primary interest groups:" msgstr "FreeBSD-CURRENT 主要給下以三種族群：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45203 +#: book.translate.xml:45443 msgid "" "Members of the FreeBSD community who are actively working on some part of " "the source tree." msgstr "致力於開發某一部份原始碼樹的 FreeBSD 社群成員。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45208 +#: book.translate.xml:45448 msgid "" "Members of the FreeBSD community who are active testers. They are willing to " "spend time solving problems, making topical suggestions on changes and the " @@ -67400,7 +67795,7 @@ "及大方向提出專業建議並送交修補。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45215 +#: book.translate.xml:45455 msgid "" "Users who wish to keep an eye on things, use the current source for " "reference purposes, or make the occasional comment or code contribution." @@ -67408,7 +67803,7 @@ "隨時關注的使用者，使用目前原始碼做為參考用途，或是偶爾提供意見或貢獻原始碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45221 +#: book.translate.xml:45461 msgid "" "FreeBSD-CURRENT should not be considered a fast-track " "to getting new features before the next release as pre-release features are " @@ -67423,17 +67818,17 @@ "CURRENT 不在 官方支援 的範圍內。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45229 +#: book.translate.xml:45469 msgid "-CURRENT using" msgstr "-CURRENT 使用" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45234 +#: book.translate.xml:45474 msgid "To track FreeBSD-CURRENT:" msgstr "若要追蹤 FreeBSD-CURRENT：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45238 +#: book.translate.xml:45478 msgid "" "Join the freebsd-current and the svn-src-head list records the commit log entry for each change as " @@ -67460,7 +67855,7 @@ "用的相關資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45249 +#: book.translate.xml:45489 msgid "" "To join these lists, go to http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo, click " @@ -67476,19 +67871,19 @@ "listinfo/svn-src-all\">svn-src-all 郵遞論壇。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45257 +#: book.translate.xml:45497 msgid "" "Synchronize with the FreeBSD-CURRENT sources. Typically, svn is used to check out the -CURRENT code from the head branch of one of the Subversion mirror sites listed in ." +"\">svnlite is used to check out the -CURRENT code from the " +"head branch of one of the Subversion mirror sites listed " +"in ." msgstr "" -"同步 FreeBSD-CURRENT 原始碼。 通常會使用 svn 自" -"列於 中的其中一個 Subversion 鏡像站的 " -"head 分支中取出 -CURRENT 的程式碼。" +"同步 FreeBSD-CURRENT 原始碼。 通常會使用 svnlite 自列於 中的其中一個 Subversion 鏡像站" +"的 head 分支中取出 -CURRENT 的程式碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45265 +#: book.translate.xml:45505 msgid "" "Due to the size of the repository, some users choose to only synchronize the " "sections of source that interest them or which they are contributing patches " @@ -67501,12 +67896,12 @@ "的 FreeBSD-CURRENT，不可只有選擇的部份。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45273 +#: book.translate.xml:45513 msgid "-CURRENT compiling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45272 +#: book.translate.xml:45512 msgid "" "Before compiling FreeBSD-CURRENT <_:indexterm-1/>, read /usr/src/" "Makefile very carefully and follow the instructions in 來了解升級的相關資訊，有時會含有升級下一個發行版的必要資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45287 +#: book.translate.xml:45527 msgid "" "Be active! FreeBSD-CURRENT users are encouraged to submit their suggestions " "for enhancements or bug fixes. Suggestions with accompanying code are always " "welcome." msgstr "" -"積極！很鼓勵 FreeBSD-CURRENT 使用者發表他們對加強哪些功能或是修復哪些錯誤的建" -"議。 如果您在建議時能附上相關程式碼的話， 那真是太棒了！" +"要活躍！我們非常鼓勵 FreeBSD-CURRENT 的使用者發表他們對加強哪些功能或是修復哪" +"些錯誤的建議。 如果您在建議時能附上相關程式碼的話，是最好的。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:45296 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:45536 msgid "Using FreeBSD-STABLE" -msgstr "使用 FreeBSD-CURRENT" +msgstr "使用 FreeBSD-STABLE" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45298 +#: book.translate.xml:45538 msgid "" "FreeBSD-STABLE is the development branch from which major releases are made. " "Changes go into this branch at a slower pace and with the general assumption " @@ -67550,17 +67944,24 @@ "Users who do not have the resources to perform testing should instead run " "the most recent release of FreeBSD." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD-STABLE 是一個開發分支，會在主要的版本更新後產生，進入這個分支的步伐會" +"比較緩慢，而且通常會假定已經在 FreeBSD-CURRENT 中做過測試，所以問題會比較少，" +"但這仍然是一個開發分支，在任何時間點，FreeBSD-STABLE 中" +"的原始碼不能保証能供一般使用，它只是另一個開發支線，並不是供最終使用者使用的" +"資源，若沒有任何資源可以做測試的使用者應改使用最新版本的 FreeBSD 發佈版。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45309 +#: book.translate.xml:45549 msgid "" "Those interested in tracking or contributing to the FreeBSD development " "process, especially as it relates to the next release of FreeBSD, should " "consider following FreeBSD-STABLE." msgstr "" +"對於那些有興趣追蹤或為 FreeBSD 開發流程提供一些貢獻的人，特別是針對下一個主要" +"發佈版的 FreeBSD，應該考慮追蹤 FreeBSD-STABLE。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45313 +#: book.translate.xml:45553 msgid "" "While the FreeBSD-STABLE branch should compile and run at all times, this " "cannot be guaranteed. Since more people run FreeBSD-STABLE than FreeBSD-" @@ -67571,21 +67972,25 @@ "FreeBSD-STABLE without thoroughly testing the code in a development or " "testing environment." msgstr "" +"雖然 FreeBSD-STABLE 分支應該已經做過編譯並執行過，但這仍然無法保証不會出任何" +"問題。由於使用 FreeBSD-STABLE 的人比 FreeBSD-CURRENT 更多，因此不可避免的，有" +"時仍會在 FreeBSD-STABLE 中發現未在 FreeBSD-CURRENT 中出現的問題與特殊狀況。基" +"於這個原因，任何人都不應盲目的追蹤 FreeBSD-STABLE，特別重要的是 不" +" 要將任何產線上的伺服器更新成未經開發或測試環境中測試過的 FreeBSD-" +"STABLE。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45323 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:45563 msgid "To track FreeBSD-STABLE:" -msgstr "若要追蹤 FreeBSD-CURRENT：" +msgstr "若要追蹤 FreeBSD-STABLE：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45325 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:45565 msgid "-STABLE using" -msgstr "-CURRENT 使用" +msgstr "-STABLE 使用" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45331 +#: book.translate.xml:45571 msgid "" "Join the freebsd-stable list in order to stay informed of " @@ -67595,10 +68000,14 @@ "giving the users a chance to respond if they have any issues to raise " "concerning the proposed change." msgstr "" +"加入 freebsd-stable 郵遞論壇來隨時了解 FreeBSD-STABLE 可能需要的編" +"譯相依項目或任何需要特別注意的問題，當有一些有爭議的修復或更新時，開發人員也" +"會在郵遞論壇中公告，如果有使用者對所提出的更改有任何的疑慮，可讓使用者有機會" +"能反應問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45340 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:45580 msgid "" "Join the relevant svn list for the branch being " "tracked. For example, users tracking the 9-STABLE branch should join the " @@ -67607,13 +68016,13 @@ "entry for each change as it is made, along with any pertinent information on " "possible side effects." msgstr "" -"svn-src-head 郵遞論壇會記錄每一次修改的提交項目，以及可能產生的副作" -"用的相關資訊。" +"加入要追蹤的分支所相關的 svn 郵遞論壇，例如，在追" +"蹤 9-STABLE 分支的使用者會加入 svn-src-stable-9 郵遞論壇，該郵遞" +"論壇會記錄每次變更的提交記錄，以及有關可能出現的副作用的任何相關訊息。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45348 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:45588 msgid "" "To join these lists, go to http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo, click " @@ -67621,14 +68030,14 @@ "changes for the whole source tree, subscribe to svn-src-all." msgstr "" -"要加入這兩個郵遞論壇，請前往 http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo 點選要訂" -"閱的郵遞論壇，並依照網頁指示的步驟操作。要追蹤整個原始碼樹，不單只有 FreeBSD-" -"CURRENT 的變更，可訂閱 svn-src-all 郵遞論壇。" +"閱的郵遞論壇，並依照網頁指示的步驟操作。要追蹤整個原始碼樹的變更，可訂閱 " +"svn-src-all 郵遞論壇。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45355 +#: book.translate.xml:45595 msgid "" "To install a new FreeBSD-STABLE system, install the most recent FreeBSD-" "STABLE release from the FreeBSD mirror siteswww.freebsd.org/snapshots " "for more information about snapshots." msgstr "" +"要安裝新的 FreeBSD-STABLE 系統，可安裝在 FreeBSD 鏡" +"像站 中最近的 FreeBSD-STABLE 發佈版或使用每月使用 FreeBSD-STABLE 所編" +"譯的快照 (Snapshot)，請參考 www.freebsd.org/snapshots 取得更多有關快照的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45360 +#: book.translate.xml:45600 msgid "" "To compile or upgrade to an existing FreeBSD system to FreeBSD-STABLE, use " "svn <_:indexterm-1/> to check out the source " @@ -67646,16 +68059,18 @@ "are listed at www.freebsd.org/" "releng." msgstr "" +"要編譯或升級已有的 FreeBSD 系統到 FreeBSD-STABLE 可使用 svn <_:indexterm-1/> 來取出欲升級的分支程式碼，可用分支的名稱如：" +"stable/9 會列在 www.freebsd.org/releng。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45371 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:45611 msgid "-STABLE compiling" -msgstr "-CURRENT 使用" +msgstr "-STABLE 編譯" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45370 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:45610 msgid "" "Before compiling or upgrading to FreeBSD-STABLE <_:indexterm-1/>, read " "/usr/src/Makefile carefully and follow the instructions " @@ -67665,20 +68080,20 @@ "bootstrapping procedures that sometimes become necessary on the road to the " "next release." msgstr "" -"編譯 FreeBSD-CURRENT <_:indexterm-1/> 前，請仔細地閱讀 /usr/src/" +"編譯 FreeBSD-STABLE <_:indexterm-1/> 前，請仔細地閱讀 /usr/src/" "Makefile 並依照 的指示操作。 閱讀 " -"FreeBSD-CURRENT 郵遞論壇 以及 /usr/src/UPDATINGFreeBSD-STABLE 郵遞論壇 以及 /usr/src/UPDATING 來了解升級的相關資訊，有時會含有升級下一個發行版的必要資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#updating-src -#: book.translate.xml:45385 +#: book.translate.xml:45625 msgid "Updating FreeBSD from Source" msgstr "從原始碼更新 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45387 +#: book.translate.xml:45627 msgid "" "Updating FreeBSD by compiling from source offers several advantages over " "binary updates. Code can be built with options to take advantage of specific " @@ -67693,7 +68108,7 @@ "時許多，但能夠完整自訂一個量身定做版本的 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45399 +#: book.translate.xml:45639 msgid "" "This is a quick reference for the typical steps used to update FreeBSD by " "building from source. Later sections describe the process in more detail." @@ -67702,15 +68117,15 @@ "這個程序。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:45405 +#: book.translate.xml:45645 msgid "Update and Build" msgstr "更新並編譯" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45407 +#: book.translate.xml:45647 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"# svn update /usr/src \n" +"# svnlite update /usr/src \n" "check /usr/src/UPDATING \n" "# cd /usr/src \n" "# make -j4 buildworld \n" @@ -67723,7 +68138,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45420 +#: book.translate.xml:45660 msgid "" "Get the latest version of the source. See for more information on obtaining and updating source." @@ -67732,7 +68147,7 @@ "來了解更多取得與更新原始碼的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45427 +#: book.translate.xml:45667 msgid "" "Check /usr/src/UPDATING for any manual steps required " "before or after building from source." @@ -67741,17 +68156,17 @@ "後需要手動操作的步驟。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45433 book.translate.xml:45452 +#: book.translate.xml:45673 book.translate.xml:45692 msgid "Go to the source directory." msgstr "前往原始碼目錄。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45437 +#: book.translate.xml:45677 msgid "Compile the world, everything except the kernel." msgstr "編譯世界 (World)，即除了核心 (Kernel) 外的所有東西。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45442 +#: book.translate.xml:45682 msgid "" "Compile and install the kernel. This is equivalent to make " "buildkernel installkernel." @@ -67760,32 +68175,32 @@ "command>。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45448 +#: book.translate.xml:45688 msgid "Reboot the system to the new kernel." msgstr "重新啟動系統以使用新的核心。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45456 +#: book.translate.xml:45696 msgid "Install the world." msgstr "安裝世界。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45460 +#: book.translate.xml:45700 msgid "Update and merge configuration files in /etc/." msgstr "更新與合併在 /etc/ 中的設定檔案。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45465 +#: book.translate.xml:45705 msgid "Restart the system to use the newly-built world and kernel." msgstr "重新啟動系統以使用新編譯好的世界與核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:45474 +#: book.translate.xml:45714 msgid "Preparing for a Source Update" msgstr "準備原始碼更新" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45476 +#: book.translate.xml:45716 msgid "" "Read /usr/src/UPDATING. Any manual steps that must be " "performed before or after an update are described in this file." @@ -67794,12 +68209,12 @@ "動操作步驟會在此檔案中說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:45482 +#: book.translate.xml:45722 msgid "Updating the Source" msgstr "更新原始碼" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45484 +#: book.translate.xml:45724 msgid "" "FreeBSD source code is located in /usr/src/. The " "preferred method of updating this source is through the " @@ -67811,35 +68226,35 @@ "始碼已在版本控制系統的管控下可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45490 +#: book.translate.xml:45730 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"# svn info /usr/src\n" +"# svnlite info /usr/src\n" "Path: /usr/src\n" "Working Copy Root Path: /usr/src\n" "..." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45495 +#: book.translate.xml:45735 msgid "" "This indicates that /usr/src/ is under version control " -"and can be updated with svnsvnlite1:" msgstr "" "此結果代表 /usr/src/ 已在版本控制系統的管控下並且可以使" -"用 svn1 來更新：" +"用 svnlite1 來更新：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#synching -#: book.translate.xml:45499 +#: book.translate.xml:45739 #, no-wrap -msgid "# svn update /usr/src" +msgid "# svnlite update /usr/src" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45501 +#: book.translate.xml:45741 msgid "" "The update process can take some time if the directory has not been updated " "recently. After it finishes, the source code is up to date and the build " @@ -67849,12 +68264,12 @@ "始碼便為最新版本，並可開始依下一章節的說明來編譯程序。" #. (itstool) path: note/title -#: book.translate.xml:45507 +#: book.translate.xml:45747 msgid "Obtaining the Source" msgstr "取得原始碼" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45509 +#: book.translate.xml:45749 msgid "" "If the output says '/usr/src' is not a working copy, the " "files there are missing or were installed with a different method. A new " @@ -67864,49 +68279,49 @@ "檔案或原始碼是採用其他方式安裝，若是如此，便需重新取出 (checkout) 原始碼。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:45515 +#: book.translate.xml:45755 msgid "FreeBSD Versions and Repository Paths" msgstr "FreeBSD 版本與檔案庫路徑" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45520 +#: book.translate.xml:45760 msgid "uname -r Output" msgstr "uname -r 的輸出結果" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45521 +#: book.translate.xml:45761 msgid "Repository Path" msgstr "檔案庫路徑" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45528 +#: book.translate.xml:45768 msgid "X.Y-RELEASE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45529 +#: book.translate.xml:45769 msgid "base/releng/X.Y" msgstr "base/releng/X.Y" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45530 +#: book.translate.xml:45770 msgid "" "The Release version plus only critical security and bug fix patches. This " "branch is recommended for most users." msgstr "發佈版本加上關鍵的安全性與錯誤修正，較建議大多數使用者使用這個分支。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45536 +#: book.translate.xml:45776 msgid "X.Y-STABLE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45537 +#: book.translate.xml:45777 msgid "base/stable/X" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:45539 +#: book.translate.xml:45779 msgid "" "The Release version plus all additional development on that branch. " "STABLE refers to the Applications Binary Interface " @@ -67920,7 +68335,7 @@ "FreeBSD 10.1 可執行的軟體在編譯完 FreeBSD 10-STABLE 之後仍可以執行。" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:45549 +#: book.translate.xml:45789 msgid "" "STABLE branches occasionally have bugs or incompatibilities which might " "affect users, although these are typically fixed quickly." @@ -67929,17 +68344,17 @@ "的被修正。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45556 +#: book.translate.xml:45796 msgid "X-CURRENT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45557 +#: book.translate.xml:45797 msgid "base/head/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45558 +#: book.translate.xml:45798 msgid "" "The latest unreleased development version of FreeBSD. The CURRENT branch can " "have major bugs or incompatibilities and is recommended only for advanced " @@ -67949,7 +68364,7 @@ "建議進階的使用者使用。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45567 +#: book.translate.xml:45807 msgid "" "Determine which version of FreeBSD is being used with " "uname11：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45570 +#: book.translate.xml:45810 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# uname -r\n" @@ -67967,7 +68382,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45573 +#: book.translate.xml:45813 msgid "" "Based on , the source " "used to update 10.3-RELEASE has a repository path of " @@ -67979,15 +68394,15 @@ "releng/10.3，在取出 (checkout) 原始碼時便要使用這個路徑：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45579 +#: book.translate.xml:45819 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mv /usr/src /usr/src.bak \n" -"# svn checkout https://svn.freebsd.org/base/releng/10.3 /usr/src " +"# svnlite checkout https://svn.freebsd.org/base/releng/10.3 /usr/src " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45584 +#: book.translate.xml:45824 msgid "" "Move the old directory out of the way. If there are no local modifications " "in this directory, it can be deleted." @@ -67996,7 +68411,7 @@ "錄。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45590 +#: book.translate.xml:45830 msgid "" "The path from is " "added to the repository URL. The third parameter is the " @@ -68007,12 +68422,12 @@ "錄。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:45601 +#: book.translate.xml:45841 msgid "Building from Source" msgstr "從原始碼編譯" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45603 +#: book.translate.xml:45843 msgid "" "The world, or all of the operating system except the " "kernel, is compiled. This is done first to provide up-to-date tools to build " @@ -68022,7 +68437,7 @@ "先做這個動作以便提供最新的工具來編譯核心，接著便可編譯核心：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45608 +#: book.translate.xml:45848 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -68031,29 +68446,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45612 +#: book.translate.xml:45852 msgid "The compiled code is written to /usr/obj." msgstr "編譯完的程式會寫入至 /usr/obj。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45615 +#: book.translate.xml:45855 msgid "" "These are the basic steps. Additional options to control the build are " "described below." msgstr "以上這些均為基本的步驟，用來控制編譯的其他選項在以下章節會說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:45619 +#: book.translate.xml:45859 msgid "Performing a Clean Build" msgstr "執行清除編譯" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:45626 +#: book.translate.xml:45866 msgid "cleanworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45621 +#: book.translate.xml:45861 msgid "" "Some versions of the FreeBSD build system leave previously-compiled code in " "the temporary object directory, /usr/obj. This can " @@ -68066,18 +68481,18 @@ "強制重新編譯所有東西可在開始編譯前使用 <_:buildtarget-1/>：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45629 +#: book.translate.xml:45869 #, no-wrap msgid "# make cleanworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:45633 +#: book.translate.xml:45873 msgid "Setting the Number of Jobs" msgstr "設定工作數量" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45635 +#: book.translate.xml:45875 msgid "" "Increasing the number of build jobs on multi-core processors can improve " "build speed. Determine the number of cores with sysctl hw.ncpu# make -j4 buildworld buildkernel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:45655 +#: book.translate.xml:45895 msgid "Building Only the Kernel" msgstr "只編譯核心" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:45659 book.translate.xml:45725 +#: book.translate.xml:45899 book.translate.xml:45965 msgid "buildkernel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45657 +#: book.translate.xml:45897 msgid "" "A <_:buildtarget-1/> must be completed if the source code has changed. After " "that, a <_:buildtarget-2/> to build a kernel can be run at any time. To " @@ -68130,7 +68545,7 @@ "buildtarget-2/> 來編譯核心，若要只編譯核心可：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45662 +#: book.translate.xml:45902 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -68138,12 +68553,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:45667 +#: book.translate.xml:45907 msgid "Building a Custom Kernel" msgstr "編譯自訂核心" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45669 +#: book.translate.xml:45909 msgid "" "The standard FreeBSD kernel is based on a kernel config file called GENERIC. The GENERICRAM could remove unneeded device drivers or " @@ -68167,7 +68582,7 @@ "除不需要的裝置驅動程式或選項來縮小核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45683 +#: book.translate.xml:45923 msgid "" "Kernel config files are located in /usr/src/sys/arch/conf/, where arch is the " @@ -68182,7 +68597,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:45691 +#: book.translate.xml:45931 msgid "" "/usr/src can be deleted or recreated, so it is " "preferable to keep custom kernel config files in a separate directory, like " @@ -68196,7 +68611,7 @@ "心設定的連結。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45700 +#: book.translate.xml:45940 msgid "" "A custom config file can be created by copying the GENERIC config file. In this example, the new custom kernel is for a " @@ -68206,7 +68621,7 @@ "自訂核心要用在儲存伺服器，所以將其命名為 STORAGESERVER：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45705 +#: book.translate.xml:45945 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cp /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf/GENERIC /root/STORAGESERVER\n" @@ -68215,7 +68630,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45709 +#: book.translate.xml:45949 msgid "" "/root/STORAGESERVER is then edited, adding or removing " "devices or options as shown in config。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45713 +#: book.translate.xml:45953 msgid "" "The custom kernel is built by setting KERNCONF to the " "kernel config file on the command line:" @@ -68234,18 +68649,18 @@ "自訂核心要在指令列設定 KERNCONF 為核心設定檔來編譯：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45717 +#: book.translate.xml:45957 #, no-wrap msgid "# make buildkernel KERNCONF=STORAGESERVER" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:45722 +#: book.translate.xml:45962 msgid "Installing the Compiled Code" msgstr "安裝編譯好的程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45724 +#: book.translate.xml:45964 msgid "" "After the <_:buildtarget-1/> and <_:buildtarget-2/> steps have been " "completed, the new kernel and world are installed:" @@ -68254,7 +68669,7 @@ "心與世界：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45728 +#: book.translate.xml:45968 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -68266,7 +68681,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45735 +#: book.translate.xml:45975 msgid "" "If a custom kernel was built, KERNCONF must also be set " "to use the new custom kernel:" @@ -68274,7 +68689,7 @@ "若使用自訂核心，則同樣須設定 KERNCONF 來使用新的自訂核心：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45738 +#: book.translate.xml:45978 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -68286,12 +68701,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:45747 +#: book.translate.xml:45987 msgid "Completing the Update" msgstr "完成更新" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45749 +#: book.translate.xml:45989 msgid "" "A few final tasks complete the update. Any modified configuration files are " "merged with the new versions, outdated libraries are located and removed, " @@ -68301,7 +68716,7 @@ "移除找到的過時程式庫，然後重新啟動系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:45755 +#: book.translate.xml:45995 msgid "" "Merging Configuration Files with mergemaster8" @@ -68310,7 +68725,7 @@ "manvolnum> 合併設定檔案" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45758 +#: book.translate.xml:45998 msgid "" "mergemaster8 provides an easy way to merge changes that have " @@ -68320,7 +68735,7 @@ "manvolnum> 可簡單的將修改過的系統設定檔與新版設定檔合併。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45762 +#: book.translate.xml:46002 msgid "" "With , mergemaster8 automatically updates " @@ -68332,13 +68747,13 @@ "者修改過的設定檔並安裝尚不存在的檔案：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45766 +#: book.translate.xml:46006 #, no-wrap msgid "# mergemaster -Ui" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45768 +#: book.translate.xml:46008 msgid "" "If a file must be manually merged, an interactive display allows the user to " "choose which portions of the files are kept. See " @@ -68350,58 +68765,58 @@ "manvolnum> 取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:45775 +#: book.translate.xml:46015 msgid "Checking for Outdated Files and Libraries" msgstr "檢查過時的檔案與程式庫" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45777 +#: book.translate.xml:46017 msgid "" "Some obsolete files or directories can remain after an update. These files " "can be located:" msgstr "部份廢棄的檔案或目錄可以在更新之後保留，可使用以下指令找出這些檔案：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45780 +#: book.translate.xml:46020 #, no-wrap msgid "# make check-old" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45782 +#: book.translate.xml:46022 msgid "and deleted:" msgstr "並用以下指令刪除：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45784 +#: book.translate.xml:46024 #, no-wrap msgid "# make delete-old" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45786 +#: book.translate.xml:46026 msgid "Some obsolete libraries can also remain. These can be detected with:" msgstr "部份廢棄的程式庫也可以保留下來，可使用以下指令來偵測這些程式庫：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45789 +#: book.translate.xml:46029 #, no-wrap msgid "# make check-old-libs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45791 +#: book.translate.xml:46031 msgid "and deleted with" msgstr "並使用以下指令刪除" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45793 +#: book.translate.xml:46033 #, no-wrap msgid "# make delete-old-libs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45795 +#: book.translate.xml:46035 msgid "" "Programs which were still using those old libraries will stop working when " "the library has been deleted. These programs must be rebuilt or replaced " @@ -68411,7 +68826,7 @@ "舊程式庫之後重新編譯或更換。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:45801 +#: book.translate.xml:46041 msgid "" "When all the old files or directories are known to be safe to delete, " "pressing y and Enter to delete each file " @@ -68423,36 +68838,36 @@ "BATCH_DELETE_OLD_FILES，例如：" #. (itstool) path: tip/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45807 +#: book.translate.xml:46047 #, no-wrap msgid "# make BATCH_DELETE_OLD_FILES=yes delete-old-libs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:45812 +#: book.translate.xml:46052 msgid "Restarting After the Update" msgstr "更新後重新啟動" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45814 +#: book.translate.xml:46054 msgid "" "The last step after updating is to restart the computer so all the changes " "take effect:" msgstr "更新之後的最後一個步驟便是重新啟動電腦，來讓所有的變更生效：" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:45824 +#: book.translate.xml:46064 msgid "Tracking for Multiple Machines" msgstr "多部機器追蹤" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45837 +#: book.translate.xml:46077 msgid "" "NFS installing multiple machines" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45842 +#: book.translate.xml:46082 msgid "" "When multiple machines need to track the same source tree, it is a waste of " "disk space, network bandwidth, and CPU cycles to have " @@ -68470,7 +68885,7 @@ ">。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45851 +#: book.translate.xml:46091 msgid "" "First, identify a set of machines which will run the same set of binaries, " "known as a build set. Each machine can have a custom " @@ -68488,7 +68903,7 @@ "buildworld 與 make buildkernel 的主機。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45861 +#: book.translate.xml:46101 msgid "" "Select a machine to be the test machine, which will " "test software updates before they are put into production. This " @@ -68500,7 +68915,7 @@ "服務停止一段時間的主機，它也可是同時是建置主機，但不是一定要。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45867 +#: book.translate.xml:46107 msgid "" "All the machines in this build set need to mount /usr/obj and /usr/src from the build machine via " @@ -68514,7 +68929,7 @@ "使用 NFS 掛載。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45873 +#: book.translate.xml:46113 msgid "" "Ensure that /etc/make.conf and /etc/src.conf on all the machines in the build set agree with the build machine. " @@ -68536,7 +68951,7 @@ "usr/src/sys/arch/conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45885 +#: book.translate.xml:46125 msgid "" "On the build machine, build the kernel and world as described in , but do not install anything on the build machine. " @@ -68555,7 +68970,7 @@ "command>。完成之後，重新開機回到正常的多使用者模式運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45896 +#: book.translate.xml:46136 msgid "" "After verifying that everything on the test machine is working properly, use " "the same procedure to install the new software on each of the other machines " @@ -68565,7 +68980,7 @@ "在建置集中的其他主機。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45900 +#: book.translate.xml:46140 msgid "" "The same methodology can be used for the ports tree. The first step is to " "share /usr/ports via NFS to all the " @@ -68589,22 +69004,22 @@ "PACKAGES 到一個類似 DISTDIR 的目錄。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:45933 +#: book.translate.xml:46173 msgid "DTrace" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45944 +#: book.translate.xml:46184 msgid "DTrace" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45945 +#: book.translate.xml:46185 msgid "DTrace support DTrace" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45950 +#: book.translate.xml:46190 msgid "" "DTrace, also known as Dynamic Tracing, was developed by Sun as a tool for locating performance bottlenecks in production and " @@ -68614,7 +69029,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45957 +#: book.translate.xml:46197 msgid "" "DTrace is a remarkable profiling tool, with an impressive array of features " "for diagnosing system issues. It may also be used to run pre-written scripts " @@ -68624,7 +69039,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45964 +#: book.translate.xml:46204 msgid "" "The FreeBSD implementation provides full support for kernel DTrace and " "experimental support for userland DTrace. Userland DTrace allows users to " @@ -68638,36 +69053,36 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45976 +#: book.translate.xml:46216 msgid "" "The official guide to DTrace is maintained by the Illumos project at DTrace Guide." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45984 +#: book.translate.xml:46224 msgid "What DTrace is and what features it provides." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45988 +#: book.translate.xml:46228 msgid "" "Differences between the Solaris DTrace implementation " "and the one provided by FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45993 +#: book.translate.xml:46233 msgid "How to enable and use DTrace on FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:46013 +#: book.translate.xml:46253 msgid "Implementation Differences" msgstr "實作差異" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46015 +#: book.translate.xml:46255 msgid "" "While the DTrace in FreeBSD is similar to that found in Solaris, differences do exist. The primary difference is that in FreeBSD, " @@ -68676,20 +69091,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46021 +#: book.translate.xml:46261 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload dtraceall" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46023 +#: book.translate.xml:46263 msgid "" "Beginning with FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE, the modules are automatically loaded " "when dtrace is run." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46027 +#: book.translate.xml:46267 msgid "" "FreeBSD uses the DDB_CTF kernel option to enable support " "for loading CTF data from kernel modules and the kernel " @@ -68705,7 +69120,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46041 +#: book.translate.xml:46281 msgid "" "Some different providers exist for FreeBSD than for Solaris. Most notable is the dtmalloc provider, which " @@ -68720,7 +69135,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46053 +#: book.translate.xml:46293 msgid "" "Due to security differences, only root may use DTrace on FreeBSD. Solaris has a " @@ -68730,7 +69145,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46059 +#: book.translate.xml:46299 msgid "" "DTrace falls under the Common Development and Distribution License " "(CDDL) license. To view this license on FreeBSD, see " @@ -68743,12 +69158,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:46071 +#: book.translate.xml:46311 msgid "Enabling DTrace Support" msgstr "開啟 DTrace 支援" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46073 +#: book.translate.xml:46313 msgid "" "In FreeBSD 9.2 and 10.0, DTrace support is built into the GENERIC kernel. Users of earlier versions of FreeBSD or who prefer to " @@ -68758,7 +69173,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:46079 +#: book.translate.xml:46319 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options KDTRACE_HOOKS\n" @@ -68768,18 +69183,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46084 +#: book.translate.xml:46324 msgid "Users of the AMD64 architecture should also add this line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:46087 +#: book.translate.xml:46327 #, no-wrap msgid "options KDTRACE_FRAME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46089 +#: book.translate.xml:46329 msgid "" "This option provides support for FBT. While DTrace will " "work without this option, there will be limited support for function " @@ -68787,7 +69202,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46093 +#: book.translate.xml:46333 msgid "" "Once the FreeBSD system has rebooted into the new kernel, or the DTrace " "kernel modules have been loaded using kldload dtraceall, " @@ -68799,7 +69214,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46103 +#: book.translate.xml:46343 msgid "" "Finally, install the current DTrace Toolkit, a collection of ready-made " "scripts for collecting system information. There are scripts to check open " @@ -68810,7 +69225,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:46116 +#: book.translate.xml:46356 msgid "" "The scripts found in /usr/share/dtrace have been " "specifically ported to FreeBSD. Not all of the scripts found in the DTrace " @@ -68819,7 +69234,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46123 +#: book.translate.xml:46363 msgid "" "The DTrace Toolkit includes many scripts in the special language of DTrace. " "This language is called the D language and it is very similar to C++. An in " @@ -68829,12 +69244,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:46131 +#: book.translate.xml:46371 msgid "Using DTrace" msgstr "使用 DTrace" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46133 +#: book.translate.xml:46373 msgid "" "DTrace scripts consist of a list of one or more probes, or instrumentation points, where each probe is associated with " @@ -68847,19 +69262,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46144 +#: book.translate.xml:46384 msgid "" "To view all probes, the administrator can execute the following command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46147 +#: book.translate.xml:46387 #, no-wrap msgid "# dtrace -l | more" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46149 +#: book.translate.xml:46389 msgid "" "Each probe has an ID, a PROVIDER " "(dtrace or fbt), a MODULE, and a FUNCTION NAMEhotkernelhotkernel script is designed to identify which " "function is using the most kernel time. It will produce output similar to " @@ -68885,7 +69300,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46165 +#: book.translate.xml:46405 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/share/dtrace/toolkit\n" @@ -68894,7 +69309,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46169 +#: book.translate.xml:46409 msgid "" "As instructed, use the CtrlC key combination to stop the process. " @@ -68903,7 +69318,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46176 +#: book.translate.xml:46416 #, no-wrap msgid "" "kernel`_thread_lock_flags 2 0.0%\n" @@ -68935,14 +69350,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46207 +#: book.translate.xml:46447 msgid "" "This script will also work with kernel modules. To use this feature, run the " "script with :" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46210 +#: book.translate.xml:46450 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ./hotkernel -m\n" @@ -68964,7 +69379,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46231 +#: book.translate.xml:46471 msgid "" "The procsystime script captures and prints the system " "call time usage for a given process ID (PID# ./procsystime -n csh\n" @@ -69007,7 +69422,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46267 +#: book.translate.xml:46507 msgid "" "As shown, the read() system call used the most time in " "nanoseconds while the getpid() system call used the " @@ -69015,12 +69430,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:46283 +#: book.translate.xml:46523 msgid "USB Device Mode / USB OTG" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: affiliation/address -#: book.translate.xml:46296 +#: book.translate.xml:46536 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -69029,7 +69444,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:46290 +#: book.translate.xml:46530 msgid "" " Edward Tomasz Napierala <_:address-1/> " @@ -69037,7 +69452,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46305 +#: book.translate.xml:46545 msgid "" "This chapter covers the use of USB Device Mode and USB On The Go " "(USB OTG) in FreeBSD. This includes virtual serial " @@ -69045,7 +69460,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46310 +#: book.translate.xml:46550 msgid "" "When running on hardware that supports USB device mode or USB OTG, like that built into many embedded boards, the FreeBSD " @@ -69059,7 +69474,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46322 +#: book.translate.xml:46562 msgid "" "There are two basic ways the hardware can provide the device mode " "functionality: with a separate \"client port\", which only supports the " @@ -69073,7 +69488,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46335 +#: book.translate.xml:46575 msgid "" "What FreeBSD presents to the USB host depends on the " "hw.usb.template sysctl. Some templates provide a single " @@ -69085,7 +69500,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46344 +#: book.translate.xml:46584 msgid "" "Note that in some cases, depending on the hardware and the hosts operating " "system, for the host to notice the configuration change, it must be either " @@ -69100,54 +69515,47 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46359 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:46599 msgid "How to set up USB Device Mode functionality on FreeBSD." -msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 設定 Kerberos。" +msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46364 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:46604 msgid "How to configure the virtual serial port on FreeBSD." -msgstr "如何在網路裝置上設定虛擬主機。" +msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46369 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:46609 msgid "" "How to connect to the virtual serial port from various operating systems." -msgstr "如何連線終端機到 FreeBSD 系統。" +msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46374 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:46614 msgid "" "How to configure FreeBSD to provide a virtual USB network " "interface." -msgstr "如何設定 FreeBSD 使用 USB 儲存裝置。" +msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46379 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:46619 msgid "" "How to configure FreeBSD to provide a virtual USB storage " "device." -msgstr "如何設定 FreeBSD 使用 USB 儲存裝置。" +msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:46386 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:46626 msgid "USB Virtual Serial Ports" -msgstr "USB 大容量儲存目標" +msgstr "USB 虛擬序列埠" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:46389 +#: book.translate.xml:46629 msgid "Configuring USB Device Mode Serial Ports" -msgstr "" +msgstr "設定 USB 裝置模式序列埠" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46391 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:46631 msgid "" "Virtual serial port support is provided by templates number 3, 8, and 10. " "Note that template 3 works with Microsoft Windows 10 without the need for " @@ -69157,23 +69565,16 @@ "umodem4 kernel modules must be loaded." msgstr "" -"雖然可以使用 rdump8 與 rrestore8 工具可以跨網路備份一個" -"檔案系統到另一個系統或備份到連結另一台電腦的磁帶機，但這使用兩個工具備份的安" -"全性並不足夠。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46398 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:46638 msgid "" "To enable USB device mode serial ports, add those lines to /etc/" "ttys:" msgstr "" -"要永久變更權限，可加入下列幾行到 /etc/devfs.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46401 +#: book.translate.xml:46641 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ttyU0\t\"/usr/libexec/getty 3wire\"\tvt100\tonifconsole secure\n" @@ -69181,7 +69582,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46407 +#: book.translate.xml:46647 #, no-wrap msgid "" "notify 100 {\n" @@ -69194,29 +69595,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46415 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:46655 msgid "" "Reload the configuration if devd8 is already running:" msgstr "" -"預設的系統設定檔，詳情請參閱 rc8。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46420 book.translate.xml:46507 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:46660 book.translate.xml:46747 msgid "" "Make sure the necessary modules are loaded and the correct template is set " "at boot by adding those lines to /boot/loader.conf, " "creating it if it does not already exist:" msgstr "" -"要確保該模組在重新開機後會載入，可加入下行到 /boot/loader.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46425 +#: book.translate.xml:46665 #, no-wrap msgid "" "umodem_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -69225,12 +69620,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46428 book.translate.xml:46515 +#: book.translate.xml:46668 book.translate.xml:46755 msgid "To load the module and set the template without rebooting use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46431 +#: book.translate.xml:46671 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kldload umodem\n" @@ -69238,12 +69633,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:46437 +#: book.translate.xml:46677 msgid "Connecting to USB Device Mode Serial Ports from FreeBSD" -msgstr "" +msgstr "自 FreeBSD 連線到 USB 裝置模式序列埠" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46440 +#: book.translate.xml:46680 msgid "" "To connect to a board configured to provide USB device mode serial ports, " "connect the USB host, such as a laptop, to the boards USB OTG or USB client " @@ -69253,23 +69648,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46447 +#: book.translate.xml:46687 #, no-wrap msgid "# cu -l /dev/ttyU0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46449 +#: book.translate.xml:46689 msgid "After pressing the Enter key a few times you will see a login prompt." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:46454 +#: book.translate.xml:46694 msgid "Connecting to USB Device Mode Serial Ports from macOS" -msgstr "" +msgstr "自 macOS 連線到 USB 裝置模式序列埠" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46457 book.translate.xml:46469 +#: book.translate.xml:46697 book.translate.xml:46709 msgid "" "To connect to a board configured to provide USB device mode serial ports, " "connect the USB host, such as a laptop, to the boards USB OTG or USB client " @@ -69277,29 +69672,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46462 +#: book.translate.xml:46702 #, no-wrap msgid "# cu -l /dev/cu.usbmodemFreeBSD1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:46466 +#: book.translate.xml:46706 msgid "Connecting to USB Device Mode Serial Ports from Linux" -msgstr "" +msgstr "自 Linux 連線到 USB 裝置模式序列埠" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46474 +#: book.translate.xml:46714 #, no-wrap msgid "# minicom -D /dev/ttyACM0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:46478 +#: book.translate.xml:46718 msgid "Connecting to USB Device Mode Serial Ports from Microsoft Windows 10" -msgstr "" +msgstr "自 Microsoft Windows 10 連線到 USB 裝置模式序列埠" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46481 +#: book.translate.xml:46721 msgid "" "To connect to a board configured to provide USB device mode serial ports, " "connect the USB host, such as a laptop, to the boards USB OTG or USB client " @@ -69314,14 +69709,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:46498 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:46738 msgid "USB Device Mode Network Interfaces" -msgstr "USB 儲存裝置" +msgstr "USB 裝置模式網路介面" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46501 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:46741 msgid "" "Virtual network interfaces support is provided by templates number 1, 8, and " "10. Note that none of them works with Microsoft Windows. Other host " @@ -69331,14 +69724,9 @@ "refentrytitle>4 kernel modules must be " "loaded." msgstr "" -"雖然可以使用 rdump8 與 rrestore8 工具可以跨網路備份一個" -"檔案系統到另一個系統或備份到連結另一台電腦的磁帶機，但這使用兩個工具備份的安" -"全性並不足夠。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46512 +#: book.translate.xml:46752 #, no-wrap msgid "" "if_cdce_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -69346,7 +69734,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46518 +#: book.translate.xml:46758 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kldload if_cdce\n" @@ -69354,13 +69742,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:46523 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:46763 msgid "USB Virtual Storage Device" -msgstr "USB 儲存裝置" +msgstr "USB 虛擬儲存裝置" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:46526 +#: book.translate.xml:46766 msgid "" "The cfumass4 driver is a USB device mode " @@ -69371,8 +69758,7 @@ "USB 裝置模式驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46530 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:46770 msgid "" "Mass Storage target is provided by templates 0 and 10. Both " "usb_template4USB Mass Storage initiators can only access a " "single LUN, LUN 0." msgstr "" -"如同 chpass1，yppasswd1 連結到 " -"passwd1，因此 NIS 在兩個指令上皆可運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:46540 +#: book.translate.xml:46780 msgid "Configuring USB Mass Storage Target Using the cfumass Startup Script" -msgstr "" +msgstr "使用 cfumass 啟動 Script 設定 USB 大容量儲存目標" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46543 +#: book.translate.xml:46783 msgid "" "The simplest way to set up a read-only USB storage target is to use the " "cfumass rc script. To configure it this way, copy the " @@ -69406,24 +69787,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:46550 +#: book.translate.xml:46790 #, no-wrap msgid "cfumass_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46552 +#: book.translate.xml:46792 msgid "To configure the target without restarting, run this command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46555 +#: book.translate.xml:46795 #, no-wrap msgid "# service cfumass start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46557 +#: book.translate.xml:46797 msgid "" "Differently from serial and network functionality, the template should not " "be set to 0 or 10 in /boot/loader.conf. This is because " @@ -69432,12 +69813,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:46565 +#: book.translate.xml:46805 msgid "Configuring USB Mass Storage Using Other Means" -msgstr "" +msgstr "使用其他方式設定 USB 大容量存儲目標" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46567 +#: book.translate.xml:46807 msgid "" "The rest of this chapter provides detailed description of setting the target " "without using the cfumass rc file. This is necessary if eg one wants to " @@ -69445,7 +69826,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46571 +#: book.translate.xml:46811 msgid "" "USB Mass Storage does not require the " "ctld8# kldload cfumass" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46581 +#: book.translate.xml:46821 msgid "" "If cfumass.ko has not been built into the kernel, " "/boot/loader.conf can be set to load the module at boot:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:46585 +#: book.translate.xml:46825 #, no-wrap msgid "cfumass_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46587 +#: book.translate.xml:46827 msgid "" "A LUN can be created without the " "ctld8# ctladm create -b block -o file=/data/target0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46592 +#: book.translate.xml:46832 msgid "" "This presents the contents of the image file /data/target0 as a LUN to the USB host. " @@ -69502,7 +69883,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46599 +#: book.translate.xml:46839 msgid "" "ctld8 can also be used to manage LUNs. Create " @@ -69513,7 +69894,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46606 +#: book.translate.xml:46846 msgid "" "This is an example of a simple /etc/ctl.conf " "configuration file. Refer to ctl.confLUN. " "The naa.50015178f369f092 is a device identifier composed " @@ -69546,7 +69927,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46628 +#: book.translate.xml:46868 msgid "" "To make sure the ctld8 daemon is started at " @@ -69554,26 +69935,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:46632 book.translate.xml:56732 +#: book.translate.xml:46872 book.translate.xml:57259 #, no-wrap msgid "ctld_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46634 book.translate.xml:56734 +#: book.translate.xml:46874 book.translate.xml:57261 msgid "" "To start ctld8 now, run this command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46636 book.translate.xml:56736 +#: book.translate.xml:46876 book.translate.xml:57263 #, no-wrap msgid "# service ctld start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46638 +#: book.translate.xml:46878 msgid "" "As the ctld8 daemon is started, it reads /etc/ctl." @@ -69586,18 +69967,18 @@ "生效：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46643 book.translate.xml:56743 +#: book.translate.xml:46883 book.translate.xml:57270 #, no-wrap msgid "# service ctld reload" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: part/title -#: book.translate.xml:46651 +#: book.translate.xml:46891 msgid "Network Communication" msgstr "網路通訊" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:46654 +#: book.translate.xml:46894 msgid "" "FreeBSD is one of the most widely deployed operating systems for high " "performance network servers. The chapters in this part cover:" @@ -69605,39 +69986,39 @@ "FreeBSD 是一種廣泛的被使用在高效能的網路伺服器中的作業系統，這些章節包含了：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46660 +#: book.translate.xml:46900 msgid "Serial communication" msgstr "序列通訊" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46664 +#: book.translate.xml:46904 msgid "PPP and PPP over Ethernet" msgstr "PPP 和在乙太網路使用 PPP" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:46669 book.translate.xml:50550 +#: book.translate.xml:46909 book.translate.xml:50790 msgid "Electronic Mail" msgstr "電子郵件" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46673 +#: book.translate.xml:46913 msgid "Running Network Servers" msgstr "執行網路伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:46677 book.translate.xml:56943 +#: book.translate.xml:46917 book.translate.xml:57470 msgid "Firewalls" msgstr "防火牆" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46681 +#: book.translate.xml:46921 msgid "Other Advanced Networking Topics" msgstr "其他的進階網路主題" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:46685 +#: book.translate.xml:46925 msgid "" "These chapters are designed to be read when the information is needed. They " "do not need to be read in any particular order, nor is it necessary to read " @@ -69647,17 +70028,17 @@ "要將這些章節全部讀過之後才將 FreeBSD 用在網路環境下。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:46698 +#: book.translate.xml:46938 msgid "Serial Communications" msgstr "序列通訊" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:46703 +#: book.translate.xml:46943 msgid "serial communications" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46705 +#: book.translate.xml:46945 msgid "" "UNIX has always had support for " "serial communications as the very first configure and install a custom " "kernel." msgstr "了解如何 設定並安裝自訂核心。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46738 +#: book.translate.xml:46978 msgid "" "Understand FreeBSD permissions and processes." msgstr "了解 FreeBSD 的權限與程序。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46742 +#: book.translate.xml:46982 msgid "" "Have access to the technical manual for the serial hardware to be used with " "FreeBSD." msgstr "能夠取得要在 FreeBSD 使用的序列硬體的技術手冊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:46749 +#: book.translate.xml:46989 msgid "Serial Terminology and Hardware" msgstr "序列術語與硬體" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46751 +#: book.translate.xml:46991 msgid "The following terms are often used in serial communications:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:46755 +#: book.translate.xml:46995 msgid "bps" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:46758 +#: book.translate.xml:46998 msgid "bits-per-second" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46757 +#: book.translate.xml:46997 msgid "" "Bits per Second<_:indexterm-1/> (bps) is the rate at " "which data is transmitted." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:46765 +#: book.translate.xml:47005 msgid "DTE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:46768 +#: book.translate.xml:47008 msgid "DTE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46767 +#: book.translate.xml:47007 msgid "" "Data Terminal Equipment<_:indexterm-1/> (DTE) is one of " "two endpoints in a serial communication. An example would be a computer." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:46776 +#: book.translate.xml:47016 msgid "DCE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:46779 +#: book.translate.xml:47019 msgid "DCE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46778 +#: book.translate.xml:47018 msgid "" "Data Communications Equipment<_:indexterm-1/> (DTE) is " "the other endpoint in a serial communication. Typically, it is a modem or " @@ -69775,19 +70156,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:46787 +#: book.translate.xml:47027 msgid "RS-232" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46789 +#: book.translate.xml:47029 msgid "" "The original standard which defined hardware serial communications. It has " "since been renamed to TIA-232." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46796 +#: book.translate.xml:47036 msgid "" "When referring to communication data rates, this section does not use the " "term baud. Baud refers to the number of electrical " @@ -69796,7 +70177,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46802 +#: book.translate.xml:47042 msgid "" "To connect a serial terminal to a FreeBSD system, a serial port on the " "computer and the proper cable to connect to the serial device are needed. " @@ -69805,12 +70186,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:46808 +#: book.translate.xml:47048 msgid "Serial Cables and Ports" msgstr "序列線與埠" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46810 +#: book.translate.xml:47050 msgid "" "There are several different kinds of serial cables. The two most common " "types are null-modem cables and standard RS-232 cables. " @@ -69819,7 +70200,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46815 +#: book.translate.xml:47055 msgid "" "These two types of cables differ in how the wires are connected to the " "connector. Each wire represents a signal, with the defined signals " @@ -69832,7 +70213,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46825 +#: book.translate.xml:47065 msgid "" "A null-modem cable switches the Transmitted Data pin of the " "connector on one end with the Received Data pin on the other " @@ -69841,7 +70222,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46831 +#: book.translate.xml:47071 msgid "" "A null-modem cable can be constructed using the pin connections summarized " "in , , " @@ -69854,154 +70235,154 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm #. (itstool) path: step/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:46840 book.translate.xml:48508 +#: book.translate.xml:47080 book.translate.xml:48748 msgid "null-modem cable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:46845 +#: book.translate.xml:47085 msgid "RS-232C Signal Names" msgstr "RS-232C 信號名稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46850 +#: book.translate.xml:47090 msgid "Acronyms" msgstr "縮寫" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46851 +#: book.translate.xml:47091 msgid "Names" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46857 +#: book.translate.xml:47097 msgid "RD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm -#: book.translate.xml:46858 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:47098 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Received Data" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46862 +#: book.translate.xml:47102 msgid "TD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm -#: book.translate.xml:46863 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:47103 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Transmitted Data" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46867 +#: book.translate.xml:47107 msgid "DTR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm -#: book.translate.xml:46868 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:47108 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Data Terminal Ready" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46872 +#: book.translate.xml:47112 msgid "DSR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm -#: book.translate.xml:46873 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:47113 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Data Set Ready" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46877 +#: book.translate.xml:47117 msgid "DCD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46878 +#: book.translate.xml:47118 msgid "Data Carrier Detect" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46882 +#: book.translate.xml:47122 msgid "SG" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm -#: book.translate.xml:46883 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:47123 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Signal Ground" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46887 +#: book.translate.xml:47127 msgid "RTS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46888 +#: book.translate.xml:47128 msgid "Request to Send" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46892 +#: book.translate.xml:47132 msgid "CTS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46893 +#: book.translate.xml:47133 msgid "Clear to Send" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:46900 +#: book.translate.xml:47140 msgid "DB-25 to DB-25 Null-Modem Cable" msgstr "DB-25 對 DB-25 Null-Modem 線" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46905 book.translate.xml:46909 book.translate.xml:46995 -#: book.translate.xml:46999 book.translate.xml:47085 book.translate.xml:47089 +#: book.translate.xml:47145 book.translate.xml:47149 book.translate.xml:47235 +#: book.translate.xml:47239 book.translate.xml:47325 book.translate.xml:47329 msgid "Signal" msgstr "信號" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46906 book.translate.xml:46908 book.translate.xml:46996 -#: book.translate.xml:46998 book.translate.xml:47086 book.translate.xml:47088 +#: book.translate.xml:47146 book.translate.xml:47148 book.translate.xml:47236 +#: book.translate.xml:47238 book.translate.xml:47326 book.translate.xml:47328 msgid "Pin #" msgstr "針腳 #" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm #. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym -#: book.translate.xml:46915 book.translate.xml:46919 book.translate.xml:47037 -#: book.translate.xml:47041 book.translate.xml:47127 book.translate.xml:47131 +#: book.translate.xml:47155 book.translate.xml:47159 book.translate.xml:47277 +#: book.translate.xml:47281 book.translate.xml:47367 book.translate.xml:47371 #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "SG" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46917 book.translate.xml:46925 book.translate.xml:46933 -#: book.translate.xml:46941 book.translate.xml:46949 book.translate.xml:46957 -#: book.translate.xml:46965 book.translate.xml:46973 book.translate.xml:46981 -#: book.translate.xml:47007 book.translate.xml:47015 book.translate.xml:47023 -#: book.translate.xml:47031 book.translate.xml:47039 book.translate.xml:47047 -#: book.translate.xml:47055 book.translate.xml:47063 book.translate.xml:47071 -#: book.translate.xml:47097 book.translate.xml:47105 book.translate.xml:47113 -#: book.translate.xml:47121 book.translate.xml:47129 book.translate.xml:47137 -#: book.translate.xml:47145 book.translate.xml:47153 book.translate.xml:47161 +#: book.translate.xml:47157 book.translate.xml:47165 book.translate.xml:47173 +#: book.translate.xml:47181 book.translate.xml:47189 book.translate.xml:47197 +#: book.translate.xml:47205 book.translate.xml:47213 book.translate.xml:47221 +#: book.translate.xml:47247 book.translate.xml:47255 book.translate.xml:47263 +#: book.translate.xml:47271 book.translate.xml:47279 book.translate.xml:47287 +#: book.translate.xml:47295 book.translate.xml:47303 book.translate.xml:47311 +#: book.translate.xml:47337 book.translate.xml:47345 book.translate.xml:47353 +#: book.translate.xml:47361 book.translate.xml:47369 book.translate.xml:47377 +#: book.translate.xml:47385 book.translate.xml:47393 book.translate.xml:47401 msgid "connects to" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm #. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym -#: book.translate.xml:46923 book.translate.xml:46935 book.translate.xml:47009 -#: book.translate.xml:47013 book.translate.xml:47099 book.translate.xml:47103 +#: book.translate.xml:47163 book.translate.xml:47175 book.translate.xml:47249 +#: book.translate.xml:47253 book.translate.xml:47339 book.translate.xml:47343 #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "TD" msgstr "" @@ -70009,8 +70390,8 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm #. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym -#: book.translate.xml:46927 book.translate.xml:46931 book.translate.xml:47005 -#: book.translate.xml:47017 book.translate.xml:47095 book.translate.xml:47107 +#: book.translate.xml:47167 book.translate.xml:47171 book.translate.xml:47245 +#: book.translate.xml:47257 book.translate.xml:47335 book.translate.xml:47347 #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "RD" msgstr "" @@ -70018,8 +70399,8 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm #. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym -#: book.translate.xml:46939 book.translate.xml:46951 book.translate.xml:47061 -#: book.translate.xml:47073 book.translate.xml:47151 book.translate.xml:47163 +#: book.translate.xml:47179 book.translate.xml:47191 book.translate.xml:47301 +#: book.translate.xml:47313 book.translate.xml:47391 book.translate.xml:47403 #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "RTS" msgstr "" @@ -70027,8 +70408,8 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm #. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym -#: book.translate.xml:46943 book.translate.xml:46947 book.translate.xml:47065 -#: book.translate.xml:47069 book.translate.xml:47155 book.translate.xml:47159 +#: book.translate.xml:47183 book.translate.xml:47187 book.translate.xml:47305 +#: book.translate.xml:47309 book.translate.xml:47395 book.translate.xml:47399 #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "CTS" msgstr "" @@ -70036,53 +70417,53 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm #. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym -#: book.translate.xml:46955 book.translate.xml:46963 book.translate.xml:46975 -#: book.translate.xml:46983 book.translate.xml:47021 book.translate.xml:47029 -#: book.translate.xml:47049 book.translate.xml:47057 book.translate.xml:47111 -#: book.translate.xml:47119 book.translate.xml:47139 book.translate.xml:47147 +#: book.translate.xml:47195 book.translate.xml:47203 book.translate.xml:47215 +#: book.translate.xml:47223 book.translate.xml:47261 book.translate.xml:47269 +#: book.translate.xml:47289 book.translate.xml:47297 book.translate.xml:47351 +#: book.translate.xml:47359 book.translate.xml:47379 book.translate.xml:47387 #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "DTR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46956 book.translate.xml:46964 book.translate.xml:46974 -#: book.translate.xml:46982 book.translate.xml:47138 book.translate.xml:47146 +#: book.translate.xml:47196 book.translate.xml:47204 book.translate.xml:47214 +#: book.translate.xml:47222 book.translate.xml:47378 book.translate.xml:47386 msgid "20" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm #. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym -#: book.translate.xml:46959 book.translate.xml:46971 book.translate.xml:47025 -#: book.translate.xml:47045 book.translate.xml:47115 book.translate.xml:47135 +#: book.translate.xml:47199 book.translate.xml:47211 book.translate.xml:47265 +#: book.translate.xml:47285 book.translate.xml:47355 book.translate.xml:47375 #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "DSR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46966 book.translate.xml:46980 book.translate.xml:47064 -#: book.translate.xml:47070 book.translate.xml:47122 book.translate.xml:47160 +#: book.translate.xml:47206 book.translate.xml:47220 book.translate.xml:47304 +#: book.translate.xml:47310 book.translate.xml:47362 book.translate.xml:47400 msgid "8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46967 book.translate.xml:46979 book.translate.xml:47033 -#: book.translate.xml:47053 book.translate.xml:47123 book.translate.xml:47143 +#: book.translate.xml:47207 book.translate.xml:47219 book.translate.xml:47273 +#: book.translate.xml:47293 book.translate.xml:47363 book.translate.xml:47383 msgid "DCD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:46990 +#: book.translate.xml:47230 msgid "DB-9 to DB-9 Null-Modem Cable" msgstr "DB-9 對 DB-9 Null-Modem 線" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:47080 +#: book.translate.xml:47320 msgid "DB-9 to DB-25 Null-Modem Cable" msgstr "DB-9 對 DB-25 Null-Modem 線" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:47170 +#: book.translate.xml:47410 msgid "" "When one pin at one end connects to a pair of pins at the other end, it is " "usually implemented with one short wire between the pair of pins in their " @@ -70090,7 +70471,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47176 +#: book.translate.xml:47416 msgid "" "Serial ports are the devices through which data is transferred between the " "FreeBSD host computer and the terminal. Several kinds of serial ports exist. " @@ -70099,7 +70480,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47182 +#: book.translate.xml:47422 msgid "" "Most terminals have DB-25 ports. Personal computers may " "have DB-25 or DB-9 ports. A multiport " @@ -70109,14 +70490,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47190 +#: book.translate.xml:47430 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, each serial port is accessed through an entry in /dev. There are two different kinds of entries:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47196 +#: book.translate.xml:47436 msgid "" "Call-in ports are named /dev/ttyuN where N is the port number, starting " @@ -70130,7 +70511,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47211 +#: book.translate.xml:47451 msgid "" "Call-out ports are named /dev/cuauN on FreeBSD versions 8.X and higher and /dev/" @@ -70141,7 +70522,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47223 +#: book.translate.xml:47463 msgid "" "FreeBSD also provides initialization devices (/dev/" "ttyuN.init and /dev/" @@ -70164,12 +70545,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47247 +#: book.translate.xml:47487 msgid "Serial Port Configuration" msgstr "序列埠設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47249 +#: book.translate.xml:47489 msgid "" "By default, FreeBSD supports four serial ports which are commonly known as " "COM1, COM2, COM3uart:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47262 +#: book.translate.xml:47502 #, no-wrap msgid "# grep uart /var/run/dmesg.boot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47264 +#: book.translate.xml:47504 msgid "" "If the system does not recognize all of the needed serial ports, additional " "entries can be added to /boot/device.hints. This file " @@ -70208,17 +70589,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47277 +#: book.translate.xml:47517 msgid "ttyu" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47278 +#: book.translate.xml:47518 msgid "cuau" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47280 +#: book.translate.xml:47520 msgid "" "To determine the default set of terminal I/O settings " "used by the port, specify its device name. This example determines the " @@ -70226,13 +70607,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47285 +#: book.translate.xml:47525 #, no-wrap msgid "# stty -a -f /dev/ttyu1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47287 +#: book.translate.xml:47527 msgid "" "System-wide initialization of serial devices is controlled by /etc/" "rc.d/serial. This file affects the default settings of serial " @@ -70246,20 +70627,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47299 +#: book.translate.xml:47539 #, no-wrap msgid "# stty -f /dev/ttyu5.init clocal cs8 ixon ixoff" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47301 book.translate.xml:47877 +#: book.translate.xml:47541 book.translate.xml:48117 msgid "" "rc files rc.serial" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47306 +#: book.translate.xml:47546 msgid "" "To prevent certain settings from being changed by an application, make " "adjustments to the locking device. For example, to lock the speed of " @@ -70267,32 +70648,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47311 +#: book.translate.xml:47551 #, no-wrap msgid "# stty -f /dev/ttyu5.lock 57600" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47313 +#: book.translate.xml:47553 msgid "" "Now, any application that opens ttyu5 and tries to " "change the speed of the port will be stuck with 57600 bps." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:47321 +#: book.translate.xml:47561 msgid "Terminals" msgstr "終端機" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:47324 +#: book.translate.xml:47564 msgid "" " Sean Kelly Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47336 +#: book.translate.xml:47576 msgid "" "Terminals provide a convenient and low-cost way to access a FreeBSD system " "when not at the computer's console or on a connected network. This section " @@ -70300,7 +70681,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47341 +#: book.translate.xml:47581 msgid "" "The original UNIX systems did " "not have consoles. Instead, users logged in and ran programs through " @@ -70308,7 +70689,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47345 +#: book.translate.xml:47585 msgid "" "The ability to establish a login session on a serial port still exists in " "nearly every UNIX-like operating " @@ -70318,7 +70699,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47352 +#: book.translate.xml:47592 msgid "" "Many terminals can be attached to a FreeBSD system. An older spare computer " "can be used as a terminal wired into a more powerful computer running " @@ -70327,17 +70708,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47358 +#: book.translate.xml:47598 msgid "FreeBSD supports three types of terminals:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:47362 +#: book.translate.xml:47602 msgid "Dumb terminals" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47364 +#: book.translate.xml:47604 msgid "" "Dumb terminals are specialized hardware that connect to computers over " "serial lines. They are called dumb because they have only " @@ -70347,7 +70728,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47372 +#: book.translate.xml:47612 msgid "" "There are hundreds of kinds of dumb terminals made by many manufacturers, " "and just about any kind will work with FreeBSD. Some high-end terminals can " @@ -70356,19 +70737,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47378 +#: book.translate.xml:47618 msgid "" "Dumb terminals are popular in work environments where workers do not need " "access to graphical applications." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:47385 +#: book.translate.xml:47625 msgid "Computers Acting as Terminals" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47387 +#: book.translate.xml:47627 msgid "" "Since a dumb terminal has just enough ability to display, send, and receive " "text, any spare computer can be a dumb terminal. All that is needed is the " @@ -70377,7 +70758,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47393 +#: book.translate.xml:47633 msgid "" "This configuration can be useful. For example, if one user is busy working " "at the FreeBSD system's console, another user can do some text-only work at " @@ -70386,7 +70767,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47399 +#: book.translate.xml:47639 msgid "" "There are at least two utilities in the base-system of FreeBSD that can be " "used to work through a serial connection: cu# cu -l /dev/cuauN" -msgstr "POSIX 數字 ID，如 789。" +msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47408 +#: book.translate.xml:47648 msgid "" "Ports are numbered starting from zero. This means that COM1 is /dev/cuau0." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47412 +#: book.translate.xml:47652 msgid "" "Additional programs are available through the Ports Collection, such as " "comms/minicom." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:47419 +#: book.translate.xml:47659 msgid "X Terminals" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47421 +#: book.translate.xml:47661 msgid "" "X terminals are the most sophisticated kind of terminal available. Instead " "of connecting to a serial port, they usually connect to a network like " @@ -70437,18 +70818,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47428 +#: book.translate.xml:47668 msgid "" "This chapter does not cover the setup, configuration, or use of X terminals." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47435 +#: book.translate.xml:47675 msgid "Terminal Configuration" msgstr "終端機設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47437 +#: book.translate.xml:47677 msgid "" "This section describes how to configure a FreeBSD system to enable a login " "session on a serial terminal. It assumes that the system recognizes the " @@ -70457,7 +70838,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47443 +#: book.translate.xml:47683 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, init reads /etc/ttys and " "starts a getty process on the available terminals. The " @@ -70473,7 +70854,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47459 +#: book.translate.xml:47699 msgid "" "The default /etc/ttys configures support for the first " "four serial ports, ttyu0 through ttyu3on configures two terminals in /etc/" "ttys. The first entry configures a Wyse-50 connected to " @@ -70512,12 +70893,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:47485 +#: book.translate.xml:47725 msgid "Configuring Terminal Entries" msgstr "設定終端機項目" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47487 +#: book.translate.xml:47727 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ttyu1 \"/usr/libexec/getty std.38400\" wy50 on insecure\n" @@ -70525,12 +70906,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47492 +#: book.translate.xml:47732 msgid "The first field specifies the device name of the serial terminal." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47497 +#: book.translate.xml:47737 msgid "" "The second field tells getty to initialize and open the " "line, set the line speed, prompt for a user name, and then execute the " @@ -70546,7 +70927,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47513 +#: book.translate.xml:47753 msgid "" "When setting the getty type, make sure to match the communications settings " "used by the terminal. For this example, the Wyse-50 uses no parity and " @@ -70554,7 +70935,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47521 +#: book.translate.xml:47761 msgid "" "The third field is the type of terminal. For dial-up ports, " "unknown or dialup is typically used " @@ -70566,14 +70947,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47535 +#: book.translate.xml:47775 msgid "" "The fourth field specifies if the port should be enabled. To enable logins " "on this port, this field must be set to on." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47541 +#: book.translate.xml:47781 msgid "" "The final field is used to specify whether the port is secure. Marking a " "port as secure means that it is trusted enough to allow " @@ -70587,7 +70968,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47555 +#: book.translate.xml:47795 msgid "" "After making any changes to /etc/ttys, send a SIGHUP " "(hangup) signal to the init process to force it to re-" @@ -70595,20 +70976,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47560 book.translate.xml:47875 +#: book.translate.xml:47800 book.translate.xml:48115 #, no-wrap msgid "# kill -HUP 1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47562 +#: book.translate.xml:47802 msgid "" "Since init is always the first process run on a system, " "it always has a process ID of 1." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47566 +#: book.translate.xml:47806 msgid "" "If everything is set up correctly, all cables are in place, and the " "terminals are powered up, a getty process should now be " @@ -70617,12 +70998,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47574 +#: book.translate.xml:47814 msgid "Troubleshooting the Connection" msgstr "連線疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47576 +#: book.translate.xml:47816 msgid "" "Even with the most meticulous attention to detail, something could still go " "wrong while setting up a terminal. Here is a list of common symptoms and " @@ -70630,7 +71011,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47581 +#: book.translate.xml:47821 msgid "" "If no login prompt appears, make sure the terminal is plugged in and powered " "up. If it is a personal computer acting as a terminal, make sure it is " @@ -70638,14 +71019,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47586 +#: book.translate.xml:47826 msgid "" "Make sure the cable is connected firmly to both the terminal and the FreeBSD " "computer. Make sure it is the right kind of cable." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47590 +#: book.translate.xml:47830 msgid "" "Make sure the terminal and FreeBSD agree on the bps rate " "and parity settings. For a video display terminal, make sure the contrast " @@ -70654,7 +71035,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47596 +#: book.translate.xml:47836 msgid "" "Use ps to make sure that a getty " "process is running and serving the terminal. For example, the following " @@ -70664,7 +71045,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47604 +#: book.translate.xml:47844 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ps -axww|grep ttyu\n" @@ -70672,7 +71053,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47607 +#: book.translate.xml:47847 msgid "" "If no getty process is running, make sure the port is " "enabled in /etc/ttys. Remember to run kill -" @@ -70680,7 +71061,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47612 +#: book.translate.xml:47852 msgid "" "If the getty process is running but the terminal still " "does not display a login prompt, or if it displays a prompt but will not " @@ -70695,7 +71076,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47626 +#: book.translate.xml:47866 msgid "" "If garbage appears instead of a login prompt, make sure the terminal and " "FreeBSD agree on the bps rate and parity settings. Check " @@ -70705,7 +71086,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47634 +#: book.translate.xml:47874 msgid "" "If characters appear doubled and the password appears when typed, switch the " "terminal, or the terminal emulation software, from half duplex Guy Helmer Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:47656 +#: book.translate.xml:47896 msgid "" " Sean Kelly Additions by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47666 +#: book.translate.xml:47906 msgid "dial-in service" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47668 +#: book.translate.xml:47908 msgid "" "Configuring a FreeBSD system for dial-in service is similar to configuring " "terminals, except that modems are used instead of terminal devices. FreeBSD " @@ -70745,7 +71126,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47673 +#: book.translate.xml:47913 msgid "" "External modems are more convenient because they often can be configured via " "parameters stored in non-volatile RAM and they usually " @@ -70755,7 +71136,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47680 +#: book.translate.xml:47920 msgid "" "Internal modems usually lack non-volatile RAM, so their " "configuration may be limited to setting DIP switches. If " @@ -70764,19 +71145,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47686 +#: book.translate.xml:47926 msgid "modem" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47688 +#: book.translate.xml:47928 msgid "" "When using an external modem, a proper cable is needed. A standard " "RS-232C serial cable should suffice." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47692 +#: book.translate.xml:47932 msgid "" "FreeBSD needs the RTS and CTS signals " "for flow control at speeds above 2400 bps, the CD signal " @@ -70789,7 +71170,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47702 +#: book.translate.xml:47942 msgid "" "Like other UNIX-like operating " "systems, FreeBSD uses the hardware signals to find out when a call has been " @@ -70799,7 +71180,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47708 +#: book.translate.xml:47948 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports the NS8250, NS16450, " "NS16550, and NS16550A-based " @@ -70815,7 +71196,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47723 +#: book.translate.xml:47963 msgid "" "The rest of this section demonstrates how to configure a modem to receive " "incoming connections, how to communicate with the modem, and offers some " @@ -70823,17 +71204,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47728 +#: book.translate.xml:47968 msgid "Modem Configuration" msgstr "數據機設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47730 +#: book.translate.xml:47970 msgid "getty" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47731 +#: book.translate.xml:47971 msgid "" "As with terminals, init spawns a getty " "process for each configured serial port used for dial-in connections. When a " @@ -70851,12 +71232,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47748 +#: book.translate.xml:47988 msgid "/usr/bin/login" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47752 +#: book.translate.xml:47992 msgid "" "There are two schools of thought regarding dial-up modems. One configuration " "method is to set the modems and systems so that no matter at what speed a " @@ -70869,7 +71250,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47764 +#: book.translate.xml:48004 msgid "" "The second method is to configure the RS-232 interface to " "vary its speed based on the remote user's connection speed. Because " @@ -70887,7 +71268,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47782 +#: book.translate.xml:48022 msgid "" "When locking a modem's data communications rate at a particular speed, no " "changes to /etc/gettytab should be needed. However, for " @@ -70904,7 +71285,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47799 +#: book.translate.xml:48039 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#\n" @@ -70923,14 +71304,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47813 +#: book.translate.xml:48053 msgid "" "For a 28.8 Kbps modem, or to take advantage of compression on a 14.4 Kbps " "modem, use a higher communications rate, as seen in this example:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47817 +#: book.translate.xml:48057 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#\n" @@ -70950,7 +71331,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47832 +#: book.translate.xml:48072 msgid "" "For a slow CPU or a heavily loaded system without 16550A-" "based serial ports, this configuration may produce sio/etc/ttys" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47841 +#: book.translate.xml:48081 msgid "" "The configuration of /etc/ttys is similar to , but a different argument is passed to " @@ -70973,13 +71354,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47848 +#: book.translate.xml:48088 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyu0 \"/usr/libexec/getty xxx\" dialup on" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47850 +#: book.translate.xml:48090 msgid "" "The dialup terminal type can be changed. For example, " "setting vt102 as the default terminal type allows users " @@ -70987,7 +71368,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47856 +#: book.translate.xml:48096 msgid "" "For a locked-speed configuration, specify the speed with a valid type listed " "in /etc/gettytab. This example is for a modem whose " @@ -70995,13 +71376,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47861 +#: book.translate.xml:48101 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyu0 \"/usr/libexec/getty std.19200\" dialup on" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47863 +#: book.translate.xml:48103 msgid "" "In a matching-speed configuration, the entry needs to reference the " "appropriate beginning auto-baud entry in /etc/" @@ -71010,20 +71391,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47869 +#: book.translate.xml:48109 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyu0 \"/usr/libexec/getty V19200\" dialup on" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47871 +#: book.translate.xml:48111 msgid "" "After editing /etc/ttys, wait until the modem is " "properly configured and connected before signaling init:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47882 +#: book.translate.xml:48122 msgid "" "High-speed modems, like V.32, V.32bis, " "and V.34 modems, use hardware (RTS/CTS# stty -f /dev/ttyu1.init crtscts\n" @@ -71042,14 +71423,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48045 +#: book.translate.xml:48285 msgid "" "This section provides a few tips for troubleshooting a dial-up modem that " "will not connect to a FreeBSD system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48048 +#: book.translate.xml:48288 msgid "" "Hook up the modem to the FreeBSD system and boot the system. If the modem " "has status indication lights, watch to see whether the modem's DTRDTR indicator does not light, login to the FreeBSD " "system through the console and type ps ax to see if " @@ -71068,13 +71449,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:48062 +#: book.translate.xml:48302 #, no-wrap msgid " 114 ?? I 0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyu0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48064 +#: book.translate.xml:48304 msgid "" "If the second column contains a d0 instead of a " "?? and the modem has not accepted a call yet, this means " @@ -71086,7 +71467,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48073 +#: book.translate.xml:48313 msgid "" "If no getty processes are waiting to open the port, " "double-check that the entry for the port is correct in /etc/ttyslogin: prompt, check /etc/" "gettytab again and double-check that:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48095 +#: book.translate.xml:48335 msgid "" "The initial capability name specified in the entry in /etc/ttys matches the name of a capability in /etc/gettytabnx= entry matches another gettytab capability name." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48106 +#: book.translate.xml:48346 msgid "" "Each tc= entry matches another gettytab capability name." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48111 +#: book.translate.xml:48351 msgid "" "If the modem on the FreeBSD system will not answer, make sure that the modem " "is configured to answer the phone when DTR is asserted. " @@ -71145,7 +71526,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48118 +#: book.translate.xml:48358 msgid "" "If it still does not work, try sending an email to the FreeBSD " @@ -71153,17 +71534,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:48125 +#: book.translate.xml:48365 msgid "Dial-out Service" msgstr "撥出服務" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:48127 +#: book.translate.xml:48367 msgid "dial-out service" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48129 +#: book.translate.xml:48369 msgid "" "The following are tips for getting the host to connect over the modem to " "another computer. This is appropriate for establishing a terminal session " @@ -71171,7 +71552,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48133 +#: book.translate.xml:48373 msgid "" "This kind of connection can be helpful to get a file on the Internet if " "there are problems using PPP. If PPP is not working, use the terminal " @@ -71180,19 +71561,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48139 +#: book.translate.xml:48379 msgid "Using a Stock Hayes Modem" msgstr "使用 Stock Hayes 數據機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48141 +#: book.translate.xml:48381 msgid "" "A generic Hayes dialer is built into tip. Use " "at=hayes in /etc/remote." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48145 +#: book.translate.xml:48385 msgid "" "The Hayes driver is not smart enough to recognize some of the advanced " "features of newer modems messages like BUSY, NO " @@ -71202,7 +71583,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48152 +#: book.translate.xml:48392 msgid "" "The dial timeout for tip is 60 seconds. The modem should " "use something less, or else tip will think there is a " @@ -71210,17 +71591,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48159 +#: book.translate.xml:48399 msgid "Using AT Commands" msgstr "使用 AT 指令" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:48161 +#: book.translate.xml:48401 msgid "/etc/remote" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48164 +#: book.translate.xml:48404 msgid "" "Create a direct entry in /etc/remote. " "For example, if the modem is hooked up to the first serial port, /" @@ -71228,13 +71609,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48170 +#: book.translate.xml:48410 #, no-wrap msgid "cuau0:dv=/dev/cuau0:br#19200:pa=none" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48172 +#: book.translate.xml:48412 msgid "" "Use the highest bps rate the modem supports in the " "br capability. Then, type tip cuau0 to " @@ -71242,20 +71623,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48176 +#: book.translate.xml:48416 msgid "" "Or, use cu as root with the following command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:48179 +#: book.translate.xml:48419 #, no-wrap msgid "# cu -lline -sspeed" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48181 +#: book.translate.xml:48421 msgid "" "line is the serial port, such as /dev/" "cuau0, and speed is the speed, such as " @@ -71264,12 +71645,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48189 +#: book.translate.xml:48429 msgid "The @ Sign Does Not Work" msgstr "@ 符號無法運作" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48191 +#: book.translate.xml:48431 msgid "" "The @ sign in the phone number capability tells " "tip to look in /etc/phones for a " @@ -71279,25 +71660,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48198 +#: book.translate.xml:48438 #, no-wrap msgid "pn=\\@" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48202 +#: book.translate.xml:48442 msgid "Dialing from the Command Line" msgstr "從指令列撥號" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48204 +#: book.translate.xml:48444 msgid "" "Put a generic entry in /etc/remote. For " "example:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48207 +#: book.translate.xml:48447 #, no-wrap msgid "" "tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\\\n" @@ -71307,25 +71688,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48212 +#: book.translate.xml:48452 msgid "This should now work:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:48214 +#: book.translate.xml:48454 #, no-wrap msgid "# tip -115200 5551234" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48216 +#: book.translate.xml:48456 msgid "" "Users who prefer cu over tip, can use " "a generic cu entry:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48220 +#: book.translate.xml:48460 #, no-wrap msgid "" "cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\\\n" @@ -71333,23 +71714,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48223 +#: book.translate.xml:48463 msgid "and type:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:48225 +#: book.translate.xml:48465 #, no-wrap msgid "# cu 5551234 -s 115200" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48229 +#: book.translate.xml:48469 msgid "Setting the bps Rate" msgstr "設定 bps 率" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48231 +#: book.translate.xml:48471 msgid "" "Put in an entry for tip1200 or cu1200, " "but go ahead and use whatever bps rate is appropriate " @@ -71359,12 +71740,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48241 +#: book.translate.xml:48481 msgid "Accessing a Number of Hosts Through a Terminal Server" msgstr "透過終端伺服器存取多個主機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48244 +#: book.translate.xml:48484 msgid "" "Rather than waiting until connected and typing CONNECT " "host each time, use tiptip" msgstr "在 tip 使用超過一行" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48267 +#: book.translate.xml:48507 msgid "" "This is often a problem where a university has several modem lines and " "several thousand students trying to use them." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48271 +#: book.translate.xml:48511 msgid "" "Make an entry in /etc/remote and use @ for the pn capability:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48275 +#: book.translate.xml:48515 #, no-wrap msgid "" "big-university:\\\n" @@ -71417,12 +71798,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48280 +#: book.translate.xml:48520 msgid "Then, list the phone numbers in /etc/phones:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48283 +#: book.translate.xml:48523 #, no-wrap msgid "" "big-university 5551111\n" @@ -71432,7 +71813,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48288 +#: book.translate.xml:48528 msgid "" "tip will try each number in the listed order, then give " "up. To keep retrying, run tip in a while Ctrl P is the default force character, used to tell " @@ -71455,7 +71836,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48306 +#: book.translate.xml:48546 msgid "" "Type ~sforce=single-char " "followed by a newline. single-char is any single " @@ -71469,25 +71850,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48327 +#: book.translate.xml:48567 msgid "" "To change the force character, specify the following in ~/.tiprc:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48330 +#: book.translate.xml:48570 #, no-wrap msgid "force=single-char" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48334 +#: book.translate.xml:48574 msgid "Upper Case Characters" msgstr "大寫字元" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48336 +#: book.translate.xml:48576 msgid "" "This happens when Ctrl " "A is pressed, which is tip's " @@ -71498,7 +71879,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48347 +#: book.translate.xml:48587 msgid "" "Here is a sample ~/.tiprc for Emacs users who need to type " @@ -71507,7 +71888,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48357 +#: book.translate.xml:48597 #, no-wrap msgid "" "force=^^\n" @@ -71515,19 +71896,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48360 +#: book.translate.xml:48600 msgid "" "The ^^ is ShiftCtrl6 ." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48368 +#: book.translate.xml:48608 msgid "File Transfers with tip" msgstr "使用 tip 傳輸檔案" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48370 +#: book.translate.xml:48610 msgid "" "When talking to another UNIX-" "like operating system, files can be sent and received using ~p~p local-file remote-file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/cmdsynopsis -#: book.translate.xml:48382 +#: book.translate.xml:48622 msgid "" "~t remote-file local-file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48388 +#: book.translate.xml:48628 msgid "" "There is no error checking, so another protocol, like zmodem, should " "probably be used." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48393 +#: book.translate.xml:48633 msgid "Using zmodem with tip?" msgstr "在 zmodem 使用 tip?" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48396 +#: book.translate.xml:48636 msgid "" "To receive files, start the sending program on the remote end. Then, type " "~C rz to begin receiving them locally." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48400 +#: book.translate.xml:48640 msgid "" "To send files, start the receiving program on the remote end. Then, type " "~C sz files to send them to " @@ -71578,31 +71959,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:48409 +#: book.translate.xml:48649 msgid "Setting Up the Serial Console" msgstr "設定序列 Console" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:48412 +#: book.translate.xml:48652 msgid "" " Kazutaka YOKOTA Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:48422 +#: book.translate.xml:48662 msgid "" " Bill Paul Based on a document by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:48432 +#: book.translate.xml:48672 msgid "serial console" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48434 +#: book.translate.xml:48674 msgid "" "FreeBSD has the ability to boot a system with a dumb terminal on a serial " "port as a console. This configuration is useful for system administrators " @@ -71611,7 +71992,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48441 +#: book.translate.xml:48681 msgid "" "As described in , FreeBSD employs a three stage " "bootstrap. The first two stages are in the boot block code which is stored " @@ -71620,19 +72001,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48447 +#: book.translate.xml:48687 msgid "" "In order to set up booting from a serial console, the boot block code, the " "boot loader code, and the kernel need to be configured." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48452 +#: book.translate.xml:48692 msgid "Quick Serial Console Configuration" msgstr "快速序列 Console 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48454 +#: book.translate.xml:48694 msgid "" "This section provides a fast overview of setting up the serial console. This " "procedure can be used when the dumb terminal is connected to COM1COM1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48463 +#: book.translate.xml:48703 msgid "" "Connect the serial cable to COM1 and the controlling " "terminal." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48469 +#: book.translate.xml:48709 msgid "" "To configure boot messages to display on the serial console, issue the " "following command as the superuser:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:48473 +#: book.translate.xml:48713 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf console=comconsole" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48477 +#: book.translate.xml:48717 msgid "" "Edit /etc/ttys and change off to " "on and dialup to vt100 for a discussion on serial " @@ -71717,12 +72098,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48516 +#: book.translate.xml:48756 msgid "Unplug the keyboard." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48518 +#: book.translate.xml:48758 msgid "" "Many systems probe for the keyboard during the Power-On Self-Test " "(POST) and will generate an error if the keyboard is not " @@ -71730,14 +72111,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48524 +#: book.translate.xml:48764 msgid "" "If the computer complains about the error, but boots anyway, no further " "configuration is needed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48527 +#: book.translate.xml:48767 msgid "" "If the computer refuses to boot without a keyboard attached, configure the " "BIOS so that it ignores this error. Consult the " @@ -71745,7 +72126,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:48533 +#: book.translate.xml:48773 msgid "" "Try setting the keyboard to Not installed in the " "BIOS. This setting tells the BIOS not " @@ -71757,7 +72138,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48544 +#: book.translate.xml:48784 msgid "" "If the system has a PS/2 mouse, " "unplug it as well. PS/2 mice " @@ -71766,7 +72147,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48550 +#: book.translate.xml:48790 msgid "" "While most systems will boot without a keyboard, quite a few will not boot " "without a graphics adapter. Some systems can be configured to boot with no " @@ -71779,7 +72160,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48565 +#: book.translate.xml:48805 msgid "" "Plug a dumb terminal, an old computer with a modem program, or the serial " "port on another UNIX box into " @@ -71787,7 +72168,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48571 +#: book.translate.xml:48811 msgid "" "Add the appropriate hint.sio.* entries to /boot/" "device.hints for the serial port. Some multi-port cards also " @@ -71798,14 +72179,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48580 +#: book.translate.xml:48820 msgid "" "Create boot.config in the root directory of the " "a partition on the boot drive." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48584 +#: book.translate.xml:48824 msgid "" "This file instructs the boot block code how to boot the system. In order to " "activate the serial console, one or more of the following options are " @@ -71814,12 +72195,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48592 book.translate.xml:48701 +#: book.translate.xml:48832 book.translate.xml:48941 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48595 +#: book.translate.xml:48835 msgid "" "Toggles between the internal and serial consoles. Use this to switch console " "devices. For instance, to boot from the internal (video) console, use " @@ -71831,12 +72212,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48608 book.translate.xml:48706 +#: book.translate.xml:48848 book.translate.xml:48946 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48611 +#: book.translate.xml:48851 msgid "" "Toggles between the single and dual console configurations. In the single " "configuration, the console will be either the internal console (video " @@ -71849,19 +72230,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48629 +#: book.translate.xml:48869 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48632 +#: book.translate.xml:48872 msgid "" "Makes the boot block probe the keyboard. If no keyboard is found, the " " and options are automatically set." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48638 +#: book.translate.xml:48878 msgid "" "Due to space constraints in the current version of the boot blocks, is capable of detecting extended keyboards only. Keyboards with " @@ -71871,7 +72252,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48651 +#: book.translate.xml:48891 msgid "" "Use either to select the console automatically or " " to activate the serial console. Refer to " @@ -71881,7 +72262,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48656 +#: book.translate.xml:48896 msgid "" "The options, except for , are passed to the boot loader. " "The boot loader will determine whether the internal video or the serial port " @@ -71893,19 +72274,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48669 +#: book.translate.xml:48909 msgid "Boot the machine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48671 +#: book.translate.xml:48911 msgid "" "When FreeBSD starts, the boot blocks echo the contents of /boot." "config to the console. For example:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:48675 +#: book.translate.xml:48915 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/boot.config: -P\n" @@ -71913,7 +72294,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48678 +#: book.translate.xml:48918 msgid "" "The second line appears only if is in /boot." "config and indicates the presence or absence of the keyboard. " @@ -71922,52 +72303,52 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48689 +#: book.translate.xml:48929 msgid "Options" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48690 +#: book.translate.xml:48930 msgid "Message goes to" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48696 +#: book.translate.xml:48936 msgid "none" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48697 book.translate.xml:48717 +#: book.translate.xml:48937 book.translate.xml:48957 msgid "internal console" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48702 book.translate.xml:48722 +#: book.translate.xml:48942 book.translate.xml:48962 msgid "serial console" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48707 book.translate.xml:48712 +#: book.translate.xml:48947 book.translate.xml:48952 msgid "serial and internal consoles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48711 +#: book.translate.xml:48951 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48716 +#: book.translate.xml:48956 msgid ", keyboard present" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48721 +#: book.translate.xml:48961 msgid ", keyboard absent" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48728 +#: book.translate.xml:48968 msgid "" "After the message, there will be a small pause before the boot blocks " "continue loading the boot loader and before any further messages are printed " @@ -71977,7 +72358,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48735 +#: book.translate.xml:48975 msgid "" "Press any key, other than Enter, at the console to " "interrupt the boot process. The boot blocks will then prompt for further " @@ -71985,7 +72366,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48743 +#: book.translate.xml:48983 msgid "" "Verify that the above message appears on either the serial or internal " "console, or both, according to the options in /boot.config-h then Enter or " @@ -72004,7 +72385,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48760 +#: book.translate.xml:49000 msgid "" "During the third stage of the boot process, one can still switch between the " "internal console and the serial console by setting appropriate environment " @@ -72013,7 +72394,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48767 +#: book.translate.xml:49007 msgid "" "This line in /boot/loader.conf or /boot/" "loader.conf.local configures the boot loader and the kernel to " @@ -72022,13 +72403,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48773 +#: book.translate.xml:49013 #, no-wrap msgid "console=\"comconsole\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48775 +#: book.translate.xml:49015 msgid "" "That line should be the first line of /boot/loader.conf " "so that boot messages are displayed on the serial console as early as " @@ -72036,7 +72417,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48780 +#: book.translate.xml:49020 msgid "" "If that line does not exist, or if it is set to console=\"vidconsole" "\", the boot loader and the kernel will use whichever console is " @@ -72046,7 +72427,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48786 +#: book.translate.xml:49026 msgid "" "At the moment, the boot loader has no option equivalent to . Replace " "115200 with the speed to use." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48847 +#: book.translate.xml:49087 #, no-wrap msgid "" "boot_multicons=\"YES\"\n" @@ -72137,12 +72518,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48856 +#: book.translate.xml:49096 msgid "Entering the DDB Debugger from the Serial Line" msgstr "從序列線路 (Serial Line) 進入 DDB 除錯程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48858 +#: book.translate.xml:49098 msgid "" "To configure the ability to drop into the kernel debugger from the serial " "console, add the following options to a custom kernel configuration file and " @@ -72156,7 +72537,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48867 +#: book.translate.xml:49107 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER\n" @@ -72164,18 +72545,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:48892 +#: book.translate.xml:49132 msgid "PPP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#ppp-ppp -#: book.translate.xml:48897 book.translate.xml:48924 +#: book.translate.xml:49137 book.translate.xml:49164 msgid "PPP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48901 +#: book.translate.xml:49141 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports the Point-to-Point (PPP) protocol which " "can be used to establish a network or Internet connection using a dial-up " @@ -72187,13 +72568,13 @@ "為基礎的通訊服務。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48910 +#: book.translate.xml:49150 msgid "" "How to configure, use, and troubleshoot a PPP connection." msgstr "如何設定、使用 PPP 連線及排除問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48914 +#: book.translate.xml:49154 msgid "" "How to set up PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)." @@ -72202,7 +72583,7 @@ "acronym>)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48918 +#: book.translate.xml:49158 msgid "" "How to set up PPP over ATM " "(PPPoA)." @@ -72211,31 +72592,31 @@ "(PPPoA)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:48927 book.translate.xml:50188 +#: book.translate.xml:49167 book.translate.xml:50428 msgid "" "PPP over Ethernet" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48936 book.translate.xml:60718 +#: book.translate.xml:49176 book.translate.xml:61752 msgid "Be familiar with basic network terminology." msgstr "熟悉基本網路術語。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48939 +#: book.translate.xml:49179 msgid "" "Understand the basics and purpose of a dial-up connection and PPP." msgstr "了解撥號連線及 PPP 的基礎及目的。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:48980 +#: book.translate.xml:49220 msgid "Configuring PPP" msgstr "設定 PPP" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48982 +#: book.translate.xml:49222 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides built-in support for managing dial-up PPP connections using pppPPP connection, the following items are " "needed:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48996 +#: book.translate.xml:49236 msgid "" "A dial-up account with an Internet Service Provider (ISP)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:49001 +#: book.translate.xml:49241 msgid "A dial-up modem." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:49005 +#: book.translate.xml:49245 msgid "The dial-up number for the ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:49010 +#: book.translate.xml:49250 msgid "The login name and password assigned by the ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:49015 +#: book.translate.xml:49255 msgid "" "The IP address of one or more DNS " "servers. Normally, the ISP provides these addresses. If " @@ -72285,21 +72666,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:49023 +#: book.translate.xml:49263 msgid "" "If any of the required information is missing, contact the ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:49026 +#: book.translate.xml:49266 msgid "" "The following information may be supplied by the ISP, but " "is not necessary:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:49031 +#: book.translate.xml:49271 msgid "" "The IP address of the default gateway. If this " "information is unknown, the ISP will automatically " @@ -72309,7 +72690,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:49040 +#: book.translate.xml:49280 msgid "" "The subnet mask. If the ISP has not provided one, " "255.255.255.255 will be used in " @@ -72319,12 +72700,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/indexterm #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#ppp-static-ip -#: book.translate.xml:49046 +#: book.translate.xml:49286 msgid "static IP address" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:49050 +#: book.translate.xml:49290 msgid "" "If the ISP has assigned a static IP " "address and hostname, it should be input into the configuration file. " @@ -72333,7 +72714,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:49058 +#: book.translate.xml:49298 msgid "" "The rest of this section demonstrates how to configure FreeBSD for common " "PPP connection scenarios. The required configuration file " @@ -72342,7 +72723,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:49066 +#: book.translate.xml:49306 msgid "" "Throughout this section, many of the file examples display line numbers. " "These line numbers have been added to make it easier to follow the " @@ -72350,7 +72731,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:49071 +#: book.translate.xml:49311 msgid "" "When editing a configuration file, proper indentation is important. Lines " "that end in a : start in the first column (beginning of " @@ -72359,19 +72740,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:49078 book.translate.xml:51439 +#: book.translate.xml:49318 book.translate.xml:51679 msgid "Basic Configuration" msgstr "基礎設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:49080 +#: book.translate.xml:49320 msgid "" "PPP with static IP " "addresses" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:49086 +#: book.translate.xml:49326 msgid "" "In order to configure a PPP connection, first edit " "/etc/ppp/ppp.conf with the dial-in information for the " @@ -72379,7 +72760,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:49091 +#: book.translate.xml:49331 #, no-wrap msgid "" "1 default:\n" @@ -72402,12 +72783,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:49111 +#: book.translate.xml:49351 msgid "Line 1:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:49114 +#: book.translate.xml:49354 msgid "" "Identifies the default entry. Commands in this entry " "(lines 2 through 9) are executed automatically when ppp " @@ -72415,30 +72796,30 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:49122 +#: book.translate.xml:49362 msgid "Line 2:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:49125 +#: book.translate.xml:49365 msgid "" "Enables verbose logging parameters for testing the connection. Once the " "configuration is working satisfactorily, this line should be reduced to:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:49130 +#: book.translate.xml:49370 #, no-wrap msgid "set log phase tun" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:49136 +#: book.translate.xml:49376 msgid "Line 3:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:49139 +#: book.translate.xml:49379 msgid "" "Displays the version of ppp8 to the PPPCOM1 is /dev/cuau0 and COM2 " @@ -72459,24 +72840,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:49158 +#: book.translate.xml:49398 msgid "Line 5:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:49161 +#: book.translate.xml:49401 msgid "" "Sets the connection speed. If 115200 does not work on an " "older modem, try 38400 instead." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:49168 +#: book.translate.xml:49408 msgid "Lines 6 & 7:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:49171 +#: book.translate.xml:49411 msgid "" "The dial string written as an expect-send syntax. Refer to " "chat8ppp.conf may do this if the last character " @@ -72492,22 +72873,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:49184 +#: book.translate.xml:49424 msgid "Line 8:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:49187 +#: book.translate.xml:49427 msgid "Sets the idle timeout for the link in seconds." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:49193 +#: book.translate.xml:49433 msgid "Line 9:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:49196 +#: book.translate.xml:49436 msgid "" "Instructs the peer to confirm the DNS settings. If the " "local network is running its own DNS server, this line " @@ -72516,12 +72897,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:49206 +#: book.translate.xml:49446 msgid "Line 10:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:49209 +#: book.translate.xml:49449 msgid "" "A blank line for readability. Blank lines are ignored by " "ppp8provider. This could be " "changed to the name of the ISP so that \n" @@ -73684,7 +74065,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50157 +#: book.translate.xml:50397 msgid "" "Where x.x.x.x and y.y.y.y should be replaced with the IP address of " @@ -73692,7 +74073,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50162 +#: book.translate.xml:50402 msgid "" "To configure syslog3 to provide logging for " @@ -73701,7 +74082,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50166 +#: book.translate.xml:50406 #, no-wrap msgid "" "!ppp\n" @@ -73709,24 +74090,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:50186 +#: book.translate.xml:50426 msgid "Using PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)" msgstr "在乙太網路使用 PPP (PPPoE)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50193 +#: book.translate.xml:50433 msgid "" "This section describes how to set up PPP over Ethernet " "(PPPoE)." msgstr "" +"本節介紹如何設定在 乙太網路使用 PPP (PPPoE)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50196 +#: book.translate.xml:50436 msgid "Here is an example of a working ppp.conf:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "以下有一個可用的的 ppp.conf 範例：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50199 +#: book.translate.xml:50439 #, no-wrap msgid "" "default:\n" @@ -73743,24 +74126,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50211 +#: book.translate.xml:50451 msgid "As root, run:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "以 root 身份執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50214 +#: book.translate.xml:50454 #, no-wrap msgid "# ppp -ddial name_of_service_provider" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:50216 book.translate.xml:62313 +#: book.translate.xml:50456 book.translate.xml:63368 msgid "Add the following to /etc/rc.conf:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "將以下參數加到 /etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50219 +#: book.translate.xml:50459 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ppp_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -73770,27 +74153,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:50225 +#: book.translate.xml:50465 msgid "Using a PPPoE Service Tag" msgstr "使用 PPPoE 服務標籤" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50227 +#: book.translate.xml:50467 msgid "" "Sometimes it will be necessary to use a service tag to establish the " "connection. Service tags are used to distinguish between different PPPoE " "servers attached to a given network." msgstr "" +"有時需要使用服務標籤 (Service Tag) 才能建立連線，服務標籤用來區別不同網路要各" +"自連線的 PPPoE 伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50232 +#: book.translate.xml:50472 msgid "" "Any required service tag information should be in the documentation provided " "by the ISP." -msgstr "" +msgstr "所需的服務標籤資訊應該會在 ISP 所提供的文件中說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50235 +#: book.translate.xml:50475 msgid "" "As a last resort, one could try installing the net/rr-pppoe package or port. Bear in mind however, this may de-program your " @@ -73799,9 +74184,14 @@ "guimenu> menu from the program. The name of the profile should be listed " "there. It is usually ISP." msgstr "" +"最後的手段是嘗試安裝 net/rr-pppoe 套件或 Port。但是請注" +"意，這可能會解除安裝數據機中的程式並使其無法運作，所以請三思而為。只需要安裝" +"數據機所提供的程式，然後由該程式進入 System 選單，基本資" +"料 (Profile name) 的名稱應該會列出來，通常是 ISP 的名" +"稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50244 +#: book.translate.xml:50484 msgid "" "The profile name (service tag) will be used in the PPPoE configuration entry " "in ppp.conf as the provider part for set " @@ -73809,35 +74199,43 @@ "refentrytitle>8 for full details. It " "should look like this:" msgstr "" +"基本資料名稱 (Profile Name) 即服務標籤，會被用在 ppp.conf 中的 PPPoE 設定項目，set device 的提供商 " +"(Provider) 部份。請參考 ppp8 以取得詳細說明，結果應" +"如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50250 +#: book.translate.xml:50490 #, no-wrap msgid "set device PPPoE:xl1:ISP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50252 +#: book.translate.xml:50492 msgid "" "Do not forget to change xl1 to the proper device " "for the Ethernet card." -msgstr "" +msgstr "別忘記更改 xl1 為乙太網路卡的裝置名稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50255 +#: book.translate.xml:50495 msgid "Do not forget to change ISP to the profile." -msgstr "" +msgstr "別忘記更改 ISP 為基本資料名稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50258 +#: book.translate.xml:50498 msgid "" "For additional information, refer to Cheaper Broadband with FreeBSD on DSL by Renaud Waldura." msgstr "" +"要取得更進一步資訊，請參考 Renaud Waldura 所著的 Cheaper Broadband with FreeBSD on " +"DSL。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:50264 +#: book.translate.xml:50504 msgid "" "PPPoE with a 3Com HomeConnect ADSL Modem Dual Link" @@ -73846,78 +74244,85 @@ "\"registered\">HomeConnect ADSL Modem Dual Link 使用 PPPoE" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50268 +#: book.translate.xml:50508 msgid "" "This modem does not follow the PPPoE specification defined in RFC 2516." msgstr "" +"這台數據機並不採用 RFC 2516 所定義的規格。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50272 +#: book.translate.xml:50512 msgid "" "In order to make FreeBSD capable of communicating with this device, a sysctl " "must be set. This can be done automatically at boot time by updating " "/etc/sysctl.conf:" msgstr "" +"為了要讓 FreeBSD 能夠與這台裝置通訊，必須設定 sysctl，這可以透過更新 " +"/etc/sysctl.conf 來讓開機時自動設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50277 +#: book.translate.xml:50517 #, no-wrap msgid "net.graph.nonstandard_pppoe=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50279 +#: book.translate.xml:50519 msgid "or can be done immediately with the command:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "或可以執行以下指令立即更改：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50281 +#: book.translate.xml:50521 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl net.graph.nonstandard_pppoe=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50283 +#: book.translate.xml:50523 msgid "" "Unfortunately, because this is a system-wide setting, it is not possible to " "talk to a normal PPPoE client or server and a 3Com HomeConnect " "ADSL Modem at the same time." msgstr "" +"不幸的是，由於這是一個全系統的設定，這可能導致一般 PPPoE 客戶端或伺服器無法" +"與 3Com HomeConnect ADSL 數據機同時使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:50291 +#: book.translate.xml:50531 msgid "" "Using PPP over ATM (PPPoA)" msgstr "在 ATM 使用 PPP (PPPoA)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50294 +#: book.translate.xml:50534 msgid "" "PPP over ATM" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50299 +#: book.translate.xml:50539 msgid "PPPoA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50303 +#: book.translate.xml:50543 msgid "" "The following describes how to set up PPP over ATM " "(PPPoA). PPPoA is a popular choice among European DSL providers." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:50360 +#: book.translate.xml:50600 msgid "Using mpd" msgstr "使用 mpd" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50362 +#: book.translate.xml:50602 msgid "" "The mpd application can be used to connect to a " "variety of services, in particular PPTP services. It can be installed using " @@ -73926,7 +74331,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50369 +#: book.translate.xml:50609 msgid "" "Once installed, configure mpd to suit the " "provider's settings. The port places a set of sample configuration files " @@ -73939,14 +74344,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:50381 +#: book.translate.xml:50621 msgid "" "This example mpd.conf only works with mpd 4.x." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50385 +#: book.translate.xml:50625 #, no-wrap msgid "" "default:\n" @@ -73975,17 +74380,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:50411 +#: book.translate.xml:50651 msgid "The username used to authenticate with your ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:50415 +#: book.translate.xml:50655 msgid "The password used to authenticate with your ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50420 +#: book.translate.xml:50660 msgid "" "Information about the link, or links, to establish is found in mpd." "links. An example mpd.links to accompany the " @@ -73993,7 +74398,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50425 +#: book.translate.xml:50665 #, no-wrap msgid "" "adsl:\n" @@ -74005,14 +74410,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:50434 +#: book.translate.xml:50674 msgid "" "The IP address of FreeBSD computer running " "mpd." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:50438 +#: book.translate.xml:50678 msgid "" "The IP address of the ADSL modem. The Alcatel " "SpeedTouch Home defaults to root:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50447 +#: book.translate.xml:50687 #, no-wrap msgid "# mpd -b adsl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50449 +#: book.translate.xml:50689 msgid "To view the status of the connection:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50451 +#: book.translate.xml:50691 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ifconfig ng0\n" @@ -74047,26 +74452,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50455 +#: book.translate.xml:50695 msgid "" "Using mpd is the recommended way to connect to an " "ADSL service with FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:50460 +#: book.translate.xml:50700 msgid "Using pptpclient" msgstr "使用 pptpclient" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50462 +#: book.translate.xml:50702 msgid "" "It is also possible to use FreeBSD to connect to other PPPoA services using " "net/pptpclient." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50465 +#: book.translate.xml:50705 msgid "" "To use net/pptpclient to connect to a DSL service, " "install the port or package, then edit /etc/ppp/ppp.confppp.confin " "plain text form, make sure nobody can read the contents of this file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50496 +#: book.translate.xml:50736 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chown root:wheel /etc/ppp/ppp.conf\n" @@ -74116,7 +74521,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50501 +#: book.translate.xml:50741 msgid "" "This will open a tunnel for a PPP session to the DSL " "router. Ethernet DSL modems have a preconfigured LAN IP " @@ -74127,20 +74532,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50510 +#: book.translate.xml:50750 #, no-wrap msgid "# pptp address adsl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:50513 +#: book.translate.xml:50753 msgid "" "If an ampersand (&) is added to the end of this command, " "pptp will return the prompt." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50519 +#: book.translate.xml:50759 msgid "" "A tun virtual tunnel device will be created for " "interaction between the pptp and " @@ -74150,7 +74555,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50527 +#: book.translate.xml:50767 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ifconfig tun0\n" @@ -74160,7 +74565,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50532 +#: book.translate.xml:50772 msgid "" "If the connection fails, check the configuration of the router, which is " "usually accessible using a web browser. Also, examine the output of " @@ -74169,21 +74574,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:50553 +#: book.translate.xml:50793 msgid "" "BillLloydOriginal work by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:50557 +#: book.translate.xml:50797 msgid "" "JimMockRewritten by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50567 +#: book.translate.xml:50807 msgid "" "Electronic Mail, better known as email, is one of the most " "widely used forms of communication today. This chapter provides a basic " @@ -74196,31 +74601,31 @@ "細節請參閱 內的參考書籍。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50578 +#: book.translate.xml:50818 msgid "" "Which software components are involved in sending and receiving electronic " "mail." msgstr "哪些軟體元件與收發電子郵件有關。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50583 +#: book.translate.xml:50823 msgid "" "Where basic Sendmail configuration files are " "located in FreeBSD." msgstr "FreeBSD 內的 Sendmail 設定檔在哪。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50588 +#: book.translate.xml:50828 msgid "The difference between remote and local mailboxes." msgstr "遠端信箱 (Mailbox) 與本機信箱的差異。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50593 +#: book.translate.xml:50833 msgid "How to block spammers from illegally using a mail server as a relay." msgstr "如何阻擋垃圾郵件寄件者 (Spammer) 非法使用郵件伺服器作為中繼站。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50598 +#: book.translate.xml:50838 msgid "" "How to install and configure an alternate Mail Transfer Agent, replacing " "Sendmail." @@ -74229,27 +74634,27 @@ "Sendmail。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50604 +#: book.translate.xml:50844 msgid "How to troubleshoot common mail server problems." msgstr "如何排除常見的郵件伺服器問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50608 +#: book.translate.xml:50848 msgid "How to set up the system to send mail only." msgstr "如何設定系統只能寄送郵件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50612 +#: book.translate.xml:50852 msgid "How to use mail with a dialup connection." msgstr "如何在撥號連線上使用郵件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50616 +#: book.translate.xml:50856 msgid "How to configure SMTP authentication for added security." msgstr "如何設定 SMTP 認証來增加安全性。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50621 +#: book.translate.xml:50861 msgid "" "How to install and use a Mail User Agent, such as mutt, to send and receive email." @@ -74258,7 +74663,7 @@ "application> 來寄發與接收電子郵件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50627 +#: book.translate.xml:50867 msgid "" "How to download mail from a remote POP or IMAP server." @@ -74267,19 +74672,19 @@ "件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50633 +#: book.translate.xml:50873 msgid "How to automatically apply filters and rules to incoming email." msgstr "如何自動套用過濾器及規則在收到的電子郵件上。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50642 +#: book.translate.xml:50882 msgid "" "Properly set up a network connection ()." msgstr "正確的設定網路連線 ()。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50646 +#: book.translate.xml:50886 msgid "" "Properly set up the DNS information for a mail host " "()." @@ -74288,66 +74693,66 @@ "servers\"/>)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:50658 +#: book.translate.xml:50898 msgid "Mail Components" msgstr "郵件組成" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50660 +#: book.translate.xml:50900 msgid "POP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50661 +#: book.translate.xml:50901 msgid "IMAP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50663 +#: book.translate.xml:50903 msgid "" "mail server daemons Sendmail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50667 +#: book.translate.xml:50907 msgid "" "mail server daemons Postfix" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50671 +#: book.translate.xml:50911 msgid "" "mail server daemons qmail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50675 +#: book.translate.xml:50915 msgid "" "mail server daemons Exim" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50679 +#: book.translate.xml:50919 msgid "email receiving" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50683 book.translate.xml:51355 book.translate.xml:51474 +#: book.translate.xml:50923 book.translate.xml:51595 book.translate.xml:51714 msgid "MX record" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50684 +#: book.translate.xml:50924 msgid "mail host" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50686 +#: book.translate.xml:50926 msgid "" "There are five major parts involved in an email exchange: the Mail User " "Agent (MUA), the Mail Transfer Agent (MTAMUA)" msgstr "郵件使用者代理程式 (Mail User Agent, MUA)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50696 +#: book.translate.xml:50936 msgid "" "The Mail User Agent (MUA) is an application which is used " "to compose, send, and receive emails. This application can be a command line " @@ -74378,12 +74783,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50716 +#: book.translate.xml:50956 msgid "Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)" msgstr "郵件傳輸代理程式 (Mail Transfer Agent, MTA)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50718 +#: book.translate.xml:50958 msgid "" "The Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) is responsible for " "receiving incoming mail and delivering outgoing mail. FreeBSD ships with " @@ -74398,12 +74803,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50738 +#: book.translate.xml:50978 msgid "Mail Host and Mailboxes" msgstr "郵件主機 (Mail Host) 與郵件信箱 (Mailbox)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50740 +#: book.translate.xml:50980 msgid "" "The mail host is a server that is responsible for delivering and receiving " "mail for a host or a network. The mail host collects all mail sent to the " @@ -74417,7 +74822,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50753 +#: book.translate.xml:50993 msgid "" "To access mailboxes remotely, a POP or IMAP server is required as these protocols allow users to connect to " @@ -74431,7 +74836,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50766 +#: book.translate.xml:51006 msgid "" "Several POP and IMAP servers are " "available in the Ports Collection. These include mail/qpopperPOP and IMAP transmit information, including username and password credentials, " @@ -74453,12 +74858,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:50787 book.translate.xml:55391 +#: book.translate.xml:51027 book.translate.xml:55819 msgid "Domain Name System (DNS)" msgstr "網域名稱系統 (DNS)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50789 +#: book.translate.xml:51029 msgid "" "The Domain Name System (DNS) and its daemon " "named play a large role in the delivery of email. In " @@ -74469,7 +74874,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50798 +#: book.translate.xml:51038 msgid "" "In addition to mapping hostnames to IP addresses, " "DNS is responsible for storing information specific to " @@ -74479,7 +74884,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50806 +#: book.translate.xml:51046 msgid "" "To view the MX records for a domain, specify the type of " "record. Refer to host% host -t mx FreeBSD.org\n" @@ -74496,31 +74901,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50813 +#: book.translate.xml:51053 msgid "" "Refer to for more information about " "DNS and its configuration." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:50823 +#: book.translate.xml:51063 msgid "Sendmail Configuration Files" msgstr "Sendmail 設定檔" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:50827 +#: book.translate.xml:51067 msgid "" " Christopher Shumway Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50837 +#: book.translate.xml:51077 msgid "Sendmail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50841 +#: book.translate.xml:51081 msgid "" "Sendmail is the default MTA " "installed with FreeBSD. It accepts mail from MUAs and " @@ -74530,7 +74935,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50849 +#: book.translate.xml:51089 msgid "" "The configuration files for Sendmail are located " "in /etc/mail. This section describes these files in " @@ -74538,47 +74943,47 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50854 +#: book.translate.xml:51094 msgid "/etc/mail/access" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50857 +#: book.translate.xml:51097 msgid "/etc/mail/aliases" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50860 +#: book.translate.xml:51100 msgid "/etc/mail/local-host-names" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50863 +#: book.translate.xml:51103 msgid "/etc/mail/mailer.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50866 +#: book.translate.xml:51106 msgid "/etc/mail/mailertable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50869 +#: book.translate.xml:51109 msgid "/etc/mail/sendmail.cf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50872 +#: book.translate.xml:51112 msgid "/etc/mail/virtusertable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50878 +#: book.translate.xml:51118 msgid "/etc/mail/access" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50880 +#: book.translate.xml:51120 msgid "" "This access database file defines which hosts or IP " "addresses have access to the local mail server and what kind of access they " @@ -74596,7 +75001,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50898 +#: book.translate.xml:51138 msgid "" "Examples of using these options for both IPv4 and " "IPv6 addresses can be found in the FreeBSD sample " @@ -74604,7 +75009,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50903 +#: book.translate.xml:51143 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# <_:phrase-1/>\n" @@ -74626,7 +75031,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50920 +#: book.translate.xml:51160 msgid "" "To configure the access database, use the format shown in the sample to make " "entries in /etc/mail/access, but do not put a comment " @@ -74637,14 +75042,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50929 +#: book.translate.xml:51169 msgid "" "Whenever this file is updated, update its database and restart " "Sendmail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50932 +#: book.translate.xml:51172 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# makemap hash /etc/mail/access < /etc/mail/access\n" @@ -74652,12 +75057,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50938 +#: book.translate.xml:51178 msgid "/etc/mail/aliases" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50940 +#: book.translate.xml:51180 msgid "" "This database file contains a list of virtual mailboxes that are expanded to " "users, files, programs, or other aliases. Here are a few entries to " @@ -74665,7 +75070,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50945 +#: book.translate.xml:51185 #, no-wrap msgid "" "root: localuser\n" @@ -74675,7 +75080,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50950 +#: book.translate.xml:51190 msgid "" "The mailbox name on the left side of the colon is expanded to the target(s) " "on the right. The first entry expands the newaliases to update " "and initialize the aliases database." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:51002 +#: book.translate.xml:51242 msgid "/etc/mail/sendmail.cf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51004 +#: book.translate.xml:51244 msgid "" "This is the master configuration file for Sendmail. It controls the overall behavior of SendmailSendmail configuration file can be " "built from m41Sendmail " "needs to be restarted for the changes to take effect." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:51027 +#: book.translate.xml:51267 msgid "/etc/mail/virtusertable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51029 +#: book.translate.xml:51269 msgid "" "This database file maps mail addresses for virtual domains and users to real " "mailboxes. These mailboxes can be local, remote, aliases defined in " @@ -74751,7 +75156,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51036 +#: book.translate.xml:51276 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides a sample configuration file in /etc/mail/" "virtusertable.sample to further demonstrate its format. The " @@ -74760,7 +75165,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51042 +#: book.translate.xml:51282 #, no-wrap msgid "" "root@example.com root\n" @@ -74769,7 +75174,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51046 +#: book.translate.xml:51286 msgid "" "This file is processed in a first match order. When an email address matches " "the address on the left, it is mapped to the local mailbox listed on the " @@ -74785,7 +75190,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51061 +#: book.translate.xml:51301 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# makemap hash /etc/mail/virtusertable < /etc/mail/virtusertable\n" @@ -74793,12 +75198,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:51067 +#: book.translate.xml:51307 msgid "/etc/mail/relay-domains" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51069 +#: book.translate.xml:51309 msgid "" "In a default FreeBSD installation, Sendmail is " "configured to only send mail from the host it is running on. For example, if " @@ -74810,7 +75215,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51080 +#: book.translate.xml:51320 msgid "" "The most straightforward solution is to add the ISP's " "FQDN to /etc/mail/relay-domains. If " @@ -74818,7 +75223,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51086 +#: book.translate.xml:51326 #, no-wrap msgid "" "your.isp.example.com\n" @@ -74828,14 +75233,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51091 +#: book.translate.xml:51331 msgid "" "After creating or editing this file, restart Sendmail with service sendmail restart." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51095 +#: book.translate.xml:51335 msgid "" "Now any mail sent through the system by any host in this list, provided the " "user has an account on the system, will succeed. This allows users to send " @@ -74844,31 +75249,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:51107 +#: book.translate.xml:51347 msgid "Changing the Mail Transfer Agent" msgstr "更改郵件傳輸代理程式" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:51110 +#: book.translate.xml:51350 msgid "" " Andrew Boothman Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:51120 +#: book.translate.xml:51360 msgid "" " Gregory Neil Shapiro " " Information taken from emails written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:51130 +#: book.translate.xml:51370 msgid "email change mta" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51135 +#: book.translate.xml:51375 msgid "" "FreeBSD comes with Sendmail already installed as " "the MTA which is in charge of outgoing and incoming mail. " @@ -74878,7 +75283,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51143 +#: book.translate.xml:51383 msgid "" "Once a new MTA is installed, configure and test the new " "software before replacing Sendmail. Refer to the " @@ -74887,7 +75292,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51149 +#: book.translate.xml:51389 msgid "" "Once the new MTA is working, use the instructions in this " "section to disable Sendmail and configure FreeBSD " @@ -74895,12 +75300,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:51155 +#: book.translate.xml:51395 msgid "Disable Sendmail" msgstr "關閉 Sendmail" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:51158 +#: book.translate.xml:51398 msgid "" "If Sendmail's outgoing mail service is disabled, " "it is important that it is replaced with an alternative mail delivery " @@ -74914,14 +75319,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51170 +#: book.translate.xml:51410 msgid "" "In order to completely disable Sendmail, add or " "edit the following lines in /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51174 +#: book.translate.xml:51414 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sendmail_enable=\"NO\"\n" @@ -74931,20 +75336,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51179 +#: book.translate.xml:51419 msgid "" "To only disable Sendmail's incoming mail service, " "use only this entry in /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51183 +#: book.translate.xml:51423 #, no-wrap msgid "sendmail_enable=\"NO\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51185 +#: book.translate.xml:51425 msgid "" "More information on Sendmail's startup options is " "available in rc.sendmailMTA" msgstr "替換預設的 MTA" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51192 +#: book.translate.xml:51432 msgid "" "When a new MTA is installed using the Ports Collection, " "its startup script is also installed and startup instructions are mentioned " @@ -74968,7 +75373,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51200 +#: book.translate.xml:51440 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service sendmail stop\n" @@ -74976,7 +75381,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51203 +#: book.translate.xml:51443 msgid "" "To start the replacement MTA at system boot, add its " "configuration line to /etc/rc.conf. This entry enables " @@ -74984,13 +75389,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51208 +#: book.translate.xml:51448 #, no-wrap msgid "postfix_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51210 +#: book.translate.xml:51450 msgid "" "Some extra configuration is needed as Sendmail is " "so ubiquitous that some software assumes it is already installed and " @@ -75000,7 +75405,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51217 +#: book.translate.xml:51457 #, no-wrap msgid "" "daily_clean_hoststat_enable=\"NO\"\n" @@ -75010,7 +75415,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51222 +#: book.translate.xml:51462 msgid "" "Some alternative MTAs provide their own compatible " "implementations of the Sendmail command-line " @@ -75026,12 +75431,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51235 +#: book.translate.xml:51475 msgid "The default /etc/mail/mailer.conf looks like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51238 +#: book.translate.xml:51478 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# <_:phrase-1/>\n" @@ -75047,7 +75452,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51249 +#: book.translate.xml:51489 msgid "" "When any of the commands listed on the left are run, the system actually " "executes the associated command shown on the right. This system makes it " @@ -75056,7 +75461,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51254 +#: book.translate.xml:51494 msgid "" "Some MTAs, when installed using the Ports Collection, " "will prompt to update this file for the new binaries. For example, " @@ -75064,7 +75469,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51259 +#: book.translate.xml:51499 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#\n" @@ -75077,7 +75482,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51267 +#: book.translate.xml:51507 msgid "" "If the installation of the MTA does not automatically " "update /etc/mail/mailer.conf, edit this file in a text " @@ -75086,7 +75491,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51274 +#: book.translate.xml:51514 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sendmail /usr/local/sbin/ssmtp\n" @@ -75098,7 +75503,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51281 +#: book.translate.xml:51521 msgid "" "Once everything is configured, it is recommended to reboot the system. " "Rebooting provides the opportunity to ensure that the system is correctly " @@ -75106,17 +75511,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:51291 +#: book.translate.xml:51531 msgid "email troubleshooting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:51299 +#: book.translate.xml:51539 msgid "Why do I have to use the FQDN for hosts on my site?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51304 +#: book.translate.xml:51544 msgid "" "The host may actually be in a different domain. For example, in order for a " "host in foo.bar.edu to reach " @@ -75128,12 +75533,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:51313 +#: book.translate.xml:51553 msgid "BIND" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51312 +#: book.translate.xml:51552 msgid "" "This is because the version of BIND<_:indexterm-1/" "> which ships with FreeBSD no longer provides default abbreviations for non-" @@ -75144,7 +75549,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51321 +#: book.translate.xml:51561 msgid "" "In older versions of BIND, the search continued " "across mumble.bar.edu, and " @@ -75153,29 +75558,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51327 +#: book.translate.xml:51567 msgid "As a good workaround, place the line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51329 +#: book.translate.xml:51569 #, no-wrap msgid "search foo.bar.edu bar.edu" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51331 +#: book.translate.xml:51571 msgid "instead of the previous:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51333 +#: book.translate.xml:51573 #, no-wrap msgid "domain foo.bar.edu" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51335 +#: book.translate.xml:51575 msgid "" "into /etc/resolv.conf. However, make sure that the " "search order does not go beyond the boundary between local and public " @@ -75183,19 +75588,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:51344 +#: book.translate.xml:51584 msgid "How can I run a mail server on a dial-up PPP host?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51349 +#: book.translate.xml:51589 msgid "" "Connect to a FreeBSD mail gateway on the LAN. The PPP connection is non-" "dedicated." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51352 +#: book.translate.xml:51592 msgid "" "One way to do this is to get a full-time Internet server to provide " "secondary MX <_:indexterm-1/> services for the domain. In " @@ -75206,7 +75611,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51363 +#: book.translate.xml:51603 #, no-wrap msgid "" "example.com. MX 10 example.com.\n" @@ -75214,7 +75619,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51366 +#: book.translate.xml:51606 msgid "" "Only one host should be specified as the final recipient. For " "Sendmail, add Cw example.com " @@ -75223,7 +75628,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51371 +#: book.translate.xml:51611 msgid "" "When the sending MTA attempts to deliver mail, it will " "try to connect to the system, example." @@ -75237,12 +75642,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51383 +#: book.translate.xml:51623 msgid "Use something like this as a login script:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51385 +#: book.translate.xml:51625 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -75252,7 +75657,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51390 +#: book.translate.xml:51630 msgid "" "When creating a separate login script for users, instead use " "sendmail -qRexample.com in the script above. This will " @@ -75261,7 +75666,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:51397 +#: book.translate.xml:51637 msgid "" "A further refinement of the situation can be seen from this example from the " "email configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51446 +#: book.translate.xml:51686 msgid "" "Out of the box, one can send email to external hosts as long as /" "etc/resolv.conf is configured or the network has access to a " @@ -75323,18 +75728,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51454 +#: book.translate.xml:51694 msgid "Run a DNS server for the domain." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51459 +#: book.translate.xml:51699 msgid "" "Get mail delivered directly to the FQDN for the machine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51465 +#: book.translate.xml:51705 msgid "" "In order to have mail delivered directly to a host, it must have a permanent " "static IP address, not a dynamic IP address. If the system is behind a " @@ -75343,32 +75748,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51473 +#: book.translate.xml:51713 msgid "" "Make sure that the lowest-numbered MX<_:indexterm-1/> " "record in DNS points to the host's static IP address." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51481 +#: book.translate.xml:51721 msgid "" "Make sure there is no MX entry in the DNS for the host." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51486 +#: book.translate.xml:51726 msgid "" "Either of the above will allow mail to be received directly at the host." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51489 +#: book.translate.xml:51729 msgid "Try this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51491 +#: book.translate.xml:51731 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# hostname\n" @@ -75378,7 +75783,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51496 +#: book.translate.xml:51736 msgid "" "In this example, mail sent directly to yourlogin@example.FreeBSD.org should work without problems, " @@ -75387,12 +75792,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51502 +#: book.translate.xml:51742 msgid "For this example:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51504 +#: book.translate.xml:51744 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# host example.FreeBSD.org\n" @@ -75401,7 +75806,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51508 +#: book.translate.xml:51748 msgid "" "All mail sent to example.FreeBSD.org will be collected on hub under the same " @@ -75409,7 +75814,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51512 +#: book.translate.xml:51752 msgid "" "The above information is handled by the DNS server. The " "DNS record that carries mail routing information is the " @@ -75418,14 +75823,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51519 +#: book.translate.xml:51759 msgid "" "The MX entry for freefall.FreeBSD.org at one time looked like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51522 +#: book.translate.xml:51762 #, no-wrap msgid "" "freefall\t\tMX\t30\tmail.crl.net\n" @@ -75435,7 +75840,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51527 +#: book.translate.xml:51767 msgid "" "freefall had many MX entries. " "The lowest MX number is the host that receives mail " @@ -75445,7 +75850,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51535 +#: book.translate.xml:51775 msgid "" "Alternate MX sites should have separate Internet " "connections in order to be most useful. Your ISP can " @@ -75453,12 +75858,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:51541 +#: book.translate.xml:51781 msgid "Mail for a Domain" msgstr "網域中的郵件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51543 +#: book.translate.xml:51783 msgid "" "When configuring a MTA for a network, any mail sent to " "hosts in its domain should be diverted to the MTA so that " @@ -75466,7 +75871,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51549 +#: book.translate.xml:51789 msgid "" "To make life easiest, a user account with the same username should exist on both the MTA and the system " @@ -75476,7 +75881,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51555 +#: book.translate.xml:51795 msgid "" "The MTA must be the designated mail exchanger for each " "workstation on the network. This is done in theDNS " @@ -75484,7 +75889,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51560 +#: book.translate.xml:51800 #, no-wrap msgid "" "example.FreeBSD.org\tA\t204.216.27.XX\t\t; Workstation\n" @@ -75492,7 +75897,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51563 +#: book.translate.xml:51803 msgid "" "This will redirect mail for the workstation to the MTA no " "matter where the A record points. The mail is sent to the MXDNS server. If the network " "does not run its own DNS server, talk to the " @@ -75508,7 +75913,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51573 +#: book.translate.xml:51813 msgid "" "The following is an example of virtual email hosting. Consider a customer " "with the domain customer1.orgA> record is not needed for " "customer1.org in order to " @@ -75535,7 +75940,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51588 +#: book.translate.xml:51828 msgid "" "Tell the MTA which domains and/or hostnames it should " "accept mail for. Either of the following will work for " @@ -75543,58 +75948,55 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51594 +#: book.translate.xml:51834 msgid "" "Add the hosts to /etc/mail/local-host-names when using " "the FEATURE(use_cw_file)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51600 +#: book.translate.xml:51840 msgid "" "Add a Cwyour.host.com line to /etc/sendmail.cf." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:51609 +#: book.translate.xml:51849 msgid "Setting Up to Send Only" msgstr "寄件設定" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:51612 +#: book.translate.xml:51852 msgid "" " Bill Moran Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51622 +#: book.translate.xml:51862 msgid "" "There are many instances where one may only want to send mail through a " "relay. Some examples are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51627 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:51867 msgid "" "The computer is a desktop machine that needs to use programs such as " "mail1, using the ISP's mail relay." msgstr "" -"郵件傳輸代理程式，像是 sendmail8 的相關設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51633 +#: book.translate.xml:51873 msgid "" "The computer is a server that does not handle mail locally, but needs to " "pass off all mail to a relay for processing." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51639 +#: book.translate.xml:51879 msgid "" "While any MTA is capable of filling this particular " "niche, it can be difficult to properly configure a full-featured " @@ -75604,21 +76006,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51646 +#: book.translate.xml:51886 msgid "" "Additionally, a typical Internet access service agreement may forbid one " "from running a mail server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51649 +#: book.translate.xml:51889 msgid "" "The easiest way to fulfill those needs is to install the mail/" "ssmtp port:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51652 +#: book.translate.xml:51892 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/mail/ssmtp\n" @@ -75626,14 +76028,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51655 +#: book.translate.xml:51895 msgid "" "Once installed, mail/ssmtp can be configured with " "/usr/local/etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51659 +#: book.translate.xml:51899 #, no-wrap msgid "" "root=yourrealemail@example.com\n" @@ -75643,7 +76045,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51664 +#: book.translate.xml:51904 msgid "" "Use the real email address for root. Enter the ISP's outgoing mail relay in place " @@ -75653,7 +76055,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51670 +#: book.translate.xml:51910 msgid "" "Make sure to disable Sendmail, including the " "outgoing mail service. See for " @@ -75661,7 +76063,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51673 +#: book.translate.xml:51913 msgid "" "mail/ssmtp has some other options available. Refer to the " "examples in /usr/local/etc/ssmtp or the manual page of " @@ -75669,7 +76071,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51678 +#: book.translate.xml:51918 msgid "" "Setting up ssmtp in this manner allows any " "software on the computer that needs to send mail to function properly, while " @@ -75678,12 +76080,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:51686 +#: book.translate.xml:51926 msgid "Using Mail with a Dialup Connection" msgstr "在撥號連線使用郵件" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51688 +#: book.translate.xml:51928 msgid "" "When using a static IP address, one should not need to adjust the default " "configuration. Set the hostname to the assigned Internet name and " @@ -75691,7 +76093,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51693 +#: book.translate.xml:51933 msgid "" "When using a dynamically assigned IP address and a dialup PPP connection to " "the Internet, one usually has a mailbox on the ISP's mail " @@ -75704,7 +76106,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51702 +#: book.translate.xml:51942 msgid "" "In order to retrieve mail from the ISP's mailbox, install " "a retrieval agent from the Ports Collection. mail/fetchmailSendmail to deliver mail to non-local " "accounts, configure Sendmail to process the mail " @@ -75734,13 +76136,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51722 +#: book.translate.xml:51962 #, no-wrap msgid " !bg su user -c \"sendmail -q\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51724 +#: book.translate.xml:51964 msgid "" "In this example, there is an account for user on bsd.homeuser as it contains the password " @@ -75764,7 +76166,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51737 +#: book.translate.xml:51977 msgid "" "In order to send mail with the correct from: header, " "configure Sendmail to use user@example." @@ -75774,12 +76176,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51744 +#: book.translate.xml:51984 msgid "The following .mc should suffice:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51747 +#: book.translate.xml:51987 #, no-wrap msgid "" "VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0')\n" @@ -75801,7 +76203,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51764 +#: book.translate.xml:52004 msgid "" "Refer to the previous section for details of how to convert this file into " "the sendmail.cf format. Do not forget to restart " @@ -75810,19 +76212,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:51772 +#: book.translate.xml:52012 msgid "SMTP Authentication" msgstr "SMTP 認證" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:51775 +#: book.translate.xml:52015 msgid "" " James Gorham Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51785 +#: book.translate.xml:52025 msgid "" "Configuring SMTP authentication on the MTA provides a number of benefits. SMTP " @@ -75833,7 +76235,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51795 +#: book.translate.xml:52035 msgid "" "Install security/cyrus-sasl2 from the Ports Collection. " "This port supports a number of compile-time options. For the SMTP " @@ -75842,7 +76244,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51804 +#: book.translate.xml:52044 msgid "" "After installing security/cyrus-sasl2, edit /" "usr/local/lib/sasl2/Sendmail.conf, or create it if it does not " @@ -75850,37 +76252,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51810 +#: book.translate.xml:52050 #, no-wrap msgid "pwcheck_method: saslauthd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51814 +#: book.translate.xml:52054 msgid "" "Next, install security/cyrus-sasl2-saslauthd and add the " "following line to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51819 +#: book.translate.xml:52059 #, no-wrap msgid "saslauthd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51821 +#: book.translate.xml:52061 msgid "Finally, start the saslauthd daemon:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51823 +#: book.translate.xml:52063 #, no-wrap msgid "# service saslauthd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51825 +#: book.translate.xml:52065 msgid "" "This daemon serves as a broker for Sendmail to " "authenticate against the FreeBSD passwd/etc/make.conf and add the following lines:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51837 +#: book.translate.xml:52077 #, no-wrap msgid "" "SENDMAIL_CFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include/sasl -DSASL\n" @@ -75906,7 +76308,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51841 +#: book.translate.xml:52081 msgid "" "These lines provide Sendmail the proper " "configuration options for linking to cyrus-sasl2 at " @@ -75915,14 +76317,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51850 +#: book.translate.xml:52090 msgid "" "Recompile Sendmail by executing the following " "commands:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51853 +#: book.translate.xml:52093 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src/lib/libsmutil\n" @@ -75934,14 +76336,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51860 +#: book.translate.xml:52100 msgid "" "This compile should not have any problems if /usr/src " "has not changed extensively and the shared libraries it needs are available." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51866 +#: book.translate.xml:52106 msgid "" "After Sendmail has been compiled and reinstalled, " "edit /etc/mail/freebsd.mc or the local .mcSendmail for authenticating users. To use a " @@ -75970,7 +76372,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51886 +#: book.translate.xml:52126 msgid "" "Finally, run make1 while in /etc/mail. That will " @@ -75983,7 +76385,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51900 +#: book.translate.xml:52140 msgid "" "To test the configuration, use a MUA to send a test " "message. For further investigation, set the of " @@ -75992,31 +76394,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51906 +#: book.translate.xml:52146 msgid "" "For more information, refer to SMTP authentication." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:51912 +#: book.translate.xml:52152 msgid "Mail User Agents" msgstr "郵件使用者代理程式" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:51915 book.translate.xml:52272 book.translate.xml:52372 +#: book.translate.xml:52155 book.translate.xml:52512 book.translate.xml:52612 msgid "" " Marc Silver Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:51925 +#: book.translate.xml:52165 msgid "Mail User Agents" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51929 +#: book.translate.xml:52169 msgid "" "A MUA is an application that is used to send and receive " "email. As email evolves and becomes more complex, " @@ -76030,12 +76432,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:51942 +#: book.translate.xml:52182 msgid "mail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51944 +#: book.translate.xml:52184 msgid "" "mail1 is the default MUA installed with FreeBSD. " @@ -76045,7 +76447,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51951 +#: book.translate.xml:52191 msgid "" "Although mail does not natively support interaction with " "POP or IMAP servers, these mailboxes " @@ -76054,18 +76456,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51958 +#: book.translate.xml:52198 msgid "In order to send and receive email, run mail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51961 +#: book.translate.xml:52201 #, no-wrap msgid "% mail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51963 +#: book.translate.xml:52203 msgid "" "The contents of the user's mailbox in /var/mail are " "automatically read by mail. Should the mailbox be empty, " @@ -76076,7 +76478,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51972 +#: book.translate.xml:52212 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Mail version 8.1 6/6/93. Type ? for help.\n" @@ -76087,14 +76489,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51978 +#: book.translate.xml:52218 msgid "" "Messages can now be read by typing t followed by the " "message number. This example reads the first email:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51982 +#: book.translate.xml:52222 #, no-wrap msgid "" "& t 1\n" @@ -76111,14 +76513,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51994 +#: book.translate.xml:52234 msgid "" "As seen in this example, the message will be displayed with full headers. To " "display the list of messages again, press h." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51998 +#: book.translate.xml:52238 msgid "" "If the email requires a reply, press either R or r mail keys. R instructs " @@ -76130,7 +76532,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:52009 +#: book.translate.xml:52249 #, no-wrap msgid "" "& R 1\n" @@ -76143,7 +76545,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52017 +#: book.translate.xml:52257 msgid "" "In order to send a new email, press m, followed by the " "recipient email address. Multiple recipients may be specified by separating " @@ -76154,7 +76556,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:52025 +#: book.translate.xml:52265 #, no-wrap msgid "" "& mail root@localhost\n" @@ -76166,7 +76568,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52032 +#: book.translate.xml:52272 msgid "" "While using mail, press ? to display " "help at any time. Refer to mailmail1 was not designed to handle attachments and thus deals with " @@ -76185,51 +76587,51 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:52048 +#: book.translate.xml:52288 msgid "mutt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52050 +#: book.translate.xml:52290 msgid "" "mutt is a powerful MUA, with " "many features, including:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52055 +#: book.translate.xml:52295 msgid "The ability to thread messages." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52059 +#: book.translate.xml:52299 msgid "PGP support for digital signing and encryption of email." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52064 +#: book.translate.xml:52304 msgid "MIME support." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52068 +#: book.translate.xml:52308 msgid "Maildir support." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52072 +#: book.translate.xml:52312 msgid "Highly customizable." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52076 +#: book.translate.xml:52316 msgid "" "Refer to http://www.mutt.org " "for more information on mutt." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52080 +#: book.translate.xml:52320 msgid "" "mutt may be installed using the mail/" "mutt port. After the port has been installed, mutt% mutt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52087 +#: book.translate.xml:52327 msgid "" "mutt will automatically read and display the " "contents of the user mailbox in /var/mail. If no mails " @@ -76257,13 +76659,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:52097 +#: book.translate.xml:52337 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/mutt1' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52101 +#: book.translate.xml:52341 msgid "" "To read an email, select it using the cursor keys and press Enter. An example of mutt displaying email can " @@ -76275,13 +76677,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:52108 +#: book.translate.xml:52348 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/mutt2' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52112 +#: book.translate.xml:52352 msgid "" "Similar to mail1, mutt can be used to " @@ -76292,7 +76694,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:52120 +#: book.translate.xml:52360 msgid "" "By default, mutt uses the " "vi1m. After a valid " "subject has been given, mutt will start " @@ -76322,13 +76724,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:52143 +#: book.translate.xml:52383 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/mutt3' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52147 +#: book.translate.xml:52387 msgid "" "mutt contains extensive help which can be " "accessed from most of the menus by pressing ?. The top line " @@ -76336,19 +76738,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:52155 +#: book.translate.xml:52395 msgid "alpine" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52157 +#: book.translate.xml:52397 msgid "" "alpine is aimed at a beginner user, but also " "includes some advanced features." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:52161 +#: book.translate.xml:52401 msgid "" "alpine has had several remote vulnerabilities " "discovered in the past, which allowed remote attackers to execute arbitrary " @@ -76361,7 +76763,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52173 +#: book.translate.xml:52413 msgid "" "The current version of alpine may be installed " "using the mail/alpine port. Once the port has installed, " @@ -76370,13 +76772,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:52179 +#: book.translate.xml:52419 #, no-wrap msgid "% alpine" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52181 +#: book.translate.xml:52421 msgid "" "The first time alpine runs, it displays a " "greeting page with a brief introduction, as well as a request from the " @@ -76392,13 +76794,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:52194 +#: book.translate.xml:52434 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/pine1' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52198 +#: book.translate.xml:52438 msgid "" "The main menu is then presented, which can be navigated using the cursor " "keys. This main menu provides shortcuts for the composing new mails, " @@ -76408,7 +76810,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52205 +#: book.translate.xml:52445 msgid "" "The default directory opened by alpine is " "inbox. To view the message index, press Ialpine. Contextual keyboard shortcuts are " @@ -76459,13 +76861,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:52238 +#: book.translate.xml:52478 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/pine4' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52242 +#: book.translate.xml:52482 msgid "" "Replying to an email in alpine is done using the " "pico editor, which is installed by default with " @@ -76484,13 +76886,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:52255 +#: book.translate.xml:52495 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/pine5' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52259 +#: book.translate.xml:52499 msgid "" "alpine can be customized using the " "SETUP option from the main menu. Consult fetchmail" msgstr "使用 fetchmail" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:52282 +#: book.translate.xml:52522 msgid "fetchmail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52286 +#: book.translate.xml:52526 msgid "" "fetchmail is a full-featured IMAP and POP client. It allows users to automatically " @@ -76521,7 +76923,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52297 +#: book.translate.xml:52537 msgid "" "Support for the POP3, APOP, " "KPOP, IMAP, ETRN " @@ -76529,26 +76931,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52304 +#: book.translate.xml:52544 msgid "" "Ability to forward mail using SMTP, which allows " "filtering, forwarding, and aliasing to function normally." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52310 +#: book.translate.xml:52550 msgid "May be run in daemon mode to check periodically for new messages." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52315 +#: book.translate.xml:52555 msgid "" "Can retrieve multiple mailboxes and forward them, based on configuration, to " "different local users." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52320 +#: book.translate.xml:52560 msgid "" "This section explains some of the basic features of fetchmail. This utility requires a .fetchmailrc " @@ -76559,13 +76961,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:52329 +#: book.translate.xml:52569 #, no-wrap msgid "% chmod 600 .fetchmailrc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52331 +#: book.translate.xml:52571 msgid "" "The following .fetchmailrc serves as an example for " "downloading a single user mailbox using POP. It tells " @@ -76577,13 +76979,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52341 +#: book.translate.xml:52581 #, no-wrap msgid "poll example.com protocol pop3 username \"joesoap\" password \"XXX\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52343 +#: book.translate.xml:52583 msgid "" "The next example connects to multiple POP and " "IMAP servers and redirects to different local usernames " @@ -76591,7 +76993,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52347 +#: book.translate.xml:52587 #, no-wrap msgid "" "poll example.com proto pop3:\n" @@ -76602,7 +77004,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52353 +#: book.translate.xml:52593 msgid "" "fetchmail can be run in daemon mode by running it " "with , followed by the interval (in seconds) that " @@ -76612,13 +77014,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:52361 +#: book.translate.xml:52601 #, no-wrap msgid "% fetchmail -d 600" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52363 +#: book.translate.xml:52603 msgid "" "More information on fetchmail can be found at " "http://www.fetchmail.info/procmail" msgstr "使用 procmail" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:52382 +#: book.translate.xml:52622 msgid "procmail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52386 +#: book.translate.xml:52626 msgid "" "procmail is a powerful application used to filter " "incoming mail. It allows users to define rules which can be " @@ -76651,13 +77053,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52400 +#: book.translate.xml:52640 #, no-wrap msgid "\"|exec /usr/local/bin/procmail || exit 75\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52402 +#: book.translate.xml:52642 msgid "" "The following section displays some basic procmail rules, as well as brief descriptions of what they do. Rules " @@ -76666,7 +77068,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52408 +#: book.translate.xml:52648 msgid "" "The majority of these rules can be found in procmailex5user@example.com to an external " "address of goodmail@example2.com:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52414 +#: book.translate.xml:52654 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -76690,14 +77092,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52418 +#: book.translate.xml:52658 msgid "" "To forward all mails shorter than 1000 bytes to an external address of " "goodmail@example2.com:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52421 +#: book.translate.xml:52661 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -76706,14 +77108,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52425 +#: book.translate.xml:52665 msgid "" "To send all mail sent to alternate@example.com to a mailbox " "called alternate:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52429 +#: book.translate.xml:52669 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -76722,14 +77124,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52433 +#: book.translate.xml:52673 msgid "" "To send all mail with a subject of Spam to /dev/" "null:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52436 +#: book.translate.xml:52676 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -76738,7 +77140,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52440 +#: book.translate.xml:52680 msgid "" "A useful recipe that parses incoming FreeBSD.org mailing lists and places each list in its own " @@ -76746,7 +77148,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52443 +#: book.translate.xml:52683 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -76760,12 +77162,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:52473 +#: book.translate.xml:52713 msgid "Network Servers" msgstr "網路伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52478 +#: book.translate.xml:52718 msgid "" "This chapter covers some of the more frequently used network services on " "UNIX systems. This includes " @@ -76778,22 +77180,22 @@ "定檔以供參考。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52484 +#: book.translate.xml:52724 msgid "By the end of this chapter, readers will know:" msgstr "讀完本章，您將了解：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52488 +#: book.translate.xml:52728 msgid "How to manage the inetd daemon." msgstr "如何管理 inetd Daemon。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52493 +#: book.translate.xml:52733 msgid "How to set up the Network File System (NFS)." msgstr "如何設定網路檔案系統 (Network File System, NFS)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52498 +#: book.translate.xml:52738 msgid "" "How to set up the Network Information Server (NIS) for " "centralizing and sharing user accounts." @@ -76802,23 +77204,23 @@ "來集中管理及共用使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52504 +#: book.translate.xml:52744 msgid "" "How to set FreeBSD up to act as an LDAP server or client" -msgstr "如何設定 FreeBSD 成為 LDAP 伺服器或客戶端。" +msgstr "如何設定 FreeBSD 成為 LDAP 伺服器或客戶端" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52509 +#: book.translate.xml:52749 msgid "How to set up automatic network settings using DHCP." msgstr "如何設定使用 DHCP 自動網路設定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52514 +#: book.translate.xml:52754 msgid "How to set up a Domain Name Server (DNS)." msgstr "如何設定網域名稱伺服器 (Domain Name Server, DNS)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52519 +#: book.translate.xml:52759 msgid "" "How to set up the Apache HTTP " "Server." @@ -76826,14 +77228,14 @@ "如何設定 Apache HTTP 伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52524 +#: book.translate.xml:52764 msgid "How to set up a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server." msgstr "" "如何設定檔案傳輸協定 (File Transfer Protocol, FTP) 伺服" "器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52529 +#: book.translate.xml:52769 msgid "" "How to set up a file and print server for Windows clients using Samba." @@ -76842,7 +77244,7 @@ "class=\"registered\">Windows 客戶端使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52534 +#: book.translate.xml:52774 msgid "" "How to synchronize the time and date, and set up a time server using the " "Network Time Protocol (NTP)." @@ -76851,38 +77253,38 @@ "acronym>) 設定時間伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52540 +#: book.translate.xml:52780 msgid "How to set up iSCSI." msgstr "如何設定 iSCSI。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52544 +#: book.translate.xml:52784 msgid "This chapter assumes a basic knowledge of:" msgstr "本章假設您有以下基礎知識：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52548 +#: book.translate.xml:52788 msgid "/etc/rc scripts." msgstr "/etc/rc Script。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52552 +#: book.translate.xml:52792 msgid "Network terminology." msgstr "網路術語。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52556 +#: book.translate.xml:52796 msgid "" "Installation of additional third-party software ()." msgstr "安裝其他第三方軟體 ()。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:52563 +#: book.translate.xml:52803 msgid "The inetd Super-Server" msgstr "inetd 超級伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52584 +#: book.translate.xml:52824 msgid "" "The inetd8 daemon is sometimes referred to as a Super-Server " @@ -76897,7 +77299,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52596 +#: book.translate.xml:52836 msgid "" "Primarily, inetd is used to spawn other daemons, " "but several trivial protocols are handled internally, such as " @@ -76907,19 +77309,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52605 +#: book.translate.xml:52845 msgid "" "This section covers the basics of configuring inetd." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:52609 +#: book.translate.xml:52849 msgid "Configuration File" msgstr "設定檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52611 +#: book.translate.xml:52851 msgid "" "Configuration of inetd is done by editing " "/etc/inetd.conf. Each line of this configuration file " @@ -76932,7 +77334,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52623 +#: book.translate.xml:52863 msgid "" "After saving your edits, configure inetd to start " "at system boot by editing /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -76940,13 +77342,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52627 book.translate.xml:64536 +#: book.translate.xml:52867 book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "inetd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52629 +#: book.translate.xml:52869 msgid "" "To start inetd now, so that it listens for the " "service you configured, type:" @@ -76954,31 +77356,31 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:52632 book.translate.xml:64558 +#: book.translate.xml:52872 book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "# service inetd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52634 +#: book.translate.xml:52874 msgid "" "Once inetd is started, it needs to be notified " "whenever a modification is made to /etc/inetd.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:52639 +#: book.translate.xml:52879 msgid "Reloading the inetd Configuration File" msgstr "重新庫入 inetd 設定檔" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:52642 +#: book.translate.xml:52882 #, no-wrap msgid "# service inetd reload" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52645 +#: book.translate.xml:52885 msgid "" "Typically, the default entry for an application does not need to be edited " "beyond removing the #. In some situations, it may be " @@ -76986,7 +77388,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52650 +#: book.translate.xml:52890 msgid "" "As an example, this is the default entry for " "ftpd8/etc/services. This determines which port " @@ -77038,12 +77440,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:52683 +#: book.translate.xml:52923 msgid "socket-type" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52686 +#: book.translate.xml:52926 msgid "" "Either stream, dgram, raw, or seqpacket. Use stream for " @@ -77052,94 +77454,94 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:52696 +#: book.translate.xml:52936 msgid "protocol" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52699 +#: book.translate.xml:52939 msgid "Use one of the following protocol names:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52705 +#: book.translate.xml:52945 msgid "Protocol Name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52706 +#: book.translate.xml:52946 msgid "Explanation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52712 +#: book.translate.xml:52952 msgid "tcp or tcp4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52713 +#: book.translate.xml:52953 msgid "TCP IPv4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52717 +#: book.translate.xml:52957 msgid "udp or udp4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52718 +#: book.translate.xml:52958 msgid "UDP IPv4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52722 +#: book.translate.xml:52962 msgid "tcp6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52723 +#: book.translate.xml:52963 msgid "TCP IPv6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52727 +#: book.translate.xml:52967 msgid "udp6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52728 +#: book.translate.xml:52968 msgid "UDP IPv6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52732 +#: book.translate.xml:52972 msgid "tcp46" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52733 +#: book.translate.xml:52973 msgid "Both TCP IPv4 and IPv6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52737 +#: book.translate.xml:52977 msgid "udp46" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52738 +#: book.translate.xml:52978 msgid "Both UDP IPv4 and IPv6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:52748 +#: book.translate.xml:52988 msgid "" "{wait|nowait}[/max-child[/max-connections-per-ip-per-minute[/max-child-per-" "ip]]]" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52751 +#: book.translate.xml:52991 msgid "" "In this field, or must be " "specified. , indicates whether or not the service is able to " "handle its own socket. socket types must use " @@ -77158,7 +77560,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52767 +#: book.translate.xml:53007 msgid "" "The maximum number of child daemons inetd may " "spawn is set by . For example, to limit ten " @@ -77168,7 +77570,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52775 +#: book.translate.xml:53015 msgid "" " limits the number of " "connections from any particular IP address per minute. " @@ -77182,7 +77584,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52789 +#: book.translate.xml:53029 msgid "" "An example can be seen in the default settings for " "fingerd8root, daemoninetd internally, use ." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:52819 +#: book.translate.xml:53059 msgid "server-program-arguments" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52822 +#: book.translate.xml:53062 msgid "" "Used to specify any command arguments to be passed to the daemon on " "invocation. If the daemon is an internal service, use syntax is as follows:" +#: book.translate.xml:59928 +msgid "" +"The syntax is as below, where " +"localIP is the internal IP address of " +"the LAN client, and publicIP the " +"external IP address corresponding to the LAN client." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59313 +#: book.translate.xml:59935 #, no-wrap -msgid "-redirect_address localIP publicIP" +msgid "redirect_address localIP publicIP" msgstr "" -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:59320 -msgid "localIP" +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:59937 +#, fuzzy +msgid "In the example, the arguments would read:" +msgstr "在這個例子中列出了以下裝置：" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting +#: book.translate.xml:59939 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"redirect_address 192.168.0.2 128.1.1.2\n" +"redirect_address 192.168.0.3 128.1.1.3" msgstr "" -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:59321 +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:59942 msgid "" -"The internal IP address of the LAN " -"client." +"Like , these arguments are placed in a " +"NAT instance configuration. With address redirection, " +"there is no need for port redirection, as all data received on a particular " +"IP address is redirected." msgstr "" -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:59326 -msgid "publicIP" +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:59949 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"The external IP addresses on the " +"ipfw8 machine must be active and aliased to the external interface. " +"Refer to rc.conf5 for details." msgstr "" +"每日、每週、每月透過 cron8，執行的定期排程 " +"Script，詳情請參閱 periodic8。" -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:59327 +#. (itstool) path: sect3/title +#: book.translate.xml:59956 +msgid "Userspace NAT" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:59958 msgid "" -"The external IP address corresponding to the " -"LAN client." +"Let us start with a statement: the userspace NAT " +"implementation: natd8, has more overhead " +"than in-kernel NAT. For " +"natd8 to translate packets, the packets have to be copied from the " +"kernel to userspace and back which brings in extra overhead that is not " +"present with in-kernel NAT." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59335 -msgid "In the example, this argument would read:" +#: book.translate.xml:59966 +msgid "" +"To enable the userpace NAT daemon " +"natd8 at boot time, the following is a minimum configuration in " +"/etc/rc.conf. Where is " +"set to the name of the NIC attached to the Internet. The " +"rc8 script of natd8 will automatically " +"check if a dynamic IP address is used and configure " +"itself to handle that." msgstr "" +"要在開機時啟動 Userspace 的 NAT daemon " +"natd8 需在 /etc/rc.conf 中做以下最小設定，其中 " +" 要設成連接到網際網路的 NIC 名稱，rc8 script of natd8 會自動檢查是否有使用動" +"態 IP 位址，並且自行設定並處理。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59337 +#: book.translate.xml:59975 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"-redirect_address 192.168.0.2 128.1.1.2\n" -"-redirect_address 192.168.0.3 128.1.1.3" +"gateway_enable=\"YES\"\n" +"natd_enable=\"YES\"\n" +"natd_interface=\"rl0\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59340 +#: book.translate.xml:59979 msgid "" -"Like , these arguments are placed within the " -"natd_flags=\"\" option of /etc/rc.conf, or passed via a configuration file. With address redirection, " -"there is no need for port redirection since all data received on a " -"particular IP address is redirected." +"In general, the above ruleset as explained for in-kernel NAT can also be used together with natd8. The only exceptions " +"are the configuration of the in-kernel NAT instance " +"(ipfw -q nat 1 config ...) not being applicable any more, " +"rule number 100 and 1000 will have to change sligthly as below, and " +"reassemble rule 99 is not needed anymore as the " +"action is used which covers fragmentation." msgstr "" +#. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting +#: book.translate.xml:59989 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"$cmd 100 divert natd ip from any to any in via $pif\n" +"$cmd 1000 divert natd ip from any to any out via $pif" +msgstr "" + #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59348 +#: book.translate.xml:59992 msgid "" -"The external IP addresses on the " -"natd8 machine must be active and aliased to the external interface. " -"Refer to rc.conf5 for details." +"To configure port or address redirection, a similar syntax as with in-kernel " +"NAT is used. Although, now, instead of specifying the " +"configuration in our ruleset script like with in-kernel NAT, configuration of natd8 is best done in a " +"configuration file. To do this, an extra flag must be passed via /" +"etc/rc.conf which specifies the path of the configuration file." msgstr "" +#. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting +#: book.translate.xml:60001 +#, no-wrap +msgid "natd_flags=\"-f /etc/natd.conf\"" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: note/para +#: book.translate.xml:60004 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"The specified file must contain a list of configuration options, one per " +"line. For more information about the configuration file and possible " +"variables, consult natd8. Below are two example " +"entries, one per line:" +msgstr "" +"Shell 重新導向是將一個指令的輸出或輸入傳送給另一個指令或檔案。例如，要擷取 " +"ls1 指令的輸出到一個檔案，可以重新導向輸出：" + +#. (itstool) path: note/programlisting +#: book.translate.xml:60010 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.2:6667 6667\n" +"redirect_address 192.168.0.3 128.1.1.3" +msgstr "" + #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:59356 +#: book.translate.xml:60016 msgid "The IPFW Command" msgstr "IPFW 指令" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59358 +#: book.translate.xml:60018 msgid "ipfw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59360 +#: book.translate.xml:60020 msgid "" "ipfw can be used to make manual, single rule additions or " "deletions to the active firewall while it is running. The problem with using " @@ -87010,7 +88144,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59369 +#: book.translate.xml:60029 msgid "" "ipfw is a useful way to display the running firewall " "rules to the console screen. The IPFW accounting " @@ -87021,31 +88155,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59377 +#: book.translate.xml:60037 msgid "To list all the running rules in sequence:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:59379 +#: book.translate.xml:60039 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59381 +#: book.translate.xml:60041 msgid "" "To list all the running rules with a time stamp of when the last time the " "rule was matched:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:59384 +#: book.translate.xml:60044 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw -t list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59386 +#: book.translate.xml:60046 msgid "" "The next example lists accounting information and the packet count for " "matched rules along with the rules themselves. The first column is the rule " @@ -87054,71 +88188,71 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:59392 +#: book.translate.xml:60052 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw -a list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59394 +#: book.translate.xml:60054 msgid "To list dynamic rules in addition to static rules:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:59396 +#: book.translate.xml:60056 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw -d list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59398 +#: book.translate.xml:60058 msgid "To also show the expired dynamic rules:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:59400 +#: book.translate.xml:60060 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw -d -e list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59402 +#: book.translate.xml:60062 msgid "To zero the counters:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:59404 +#: book.translate.xml:60064 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw zero" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59406 +#: book.translate.xml:60066 msgid "" "To zero the counters for just the rule with number NUM:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:59409 +#: book.translate.xml:60069 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw zero NUM" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:59412 +#: book.translate.xml:60072 msgid "Logging Firewall Messages" msgstr "記錄防火牆訊息" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59414 +#: book.translate.xml:60074 msgid "" "IPFW logging" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59420 +#: book.translate.xml:60080 msgid "" "Even with the logging facility enabled, IPFW will " "not generate any rule logging on its own. The firewall administrator decides " @@ -87131,7 +88265,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59432 +#: book.translate.xml:60092 msgid "" "Logging is a two edged sword. If one is not careful, an over abundance of " "log data or a DoS attack can fill the disk with log files. Log messages are " @@ -87140,7 +88274,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59438 +#: book.translate.xml:60098 msgid "" "The IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=5 kernel option limits the " "number of consecutive messages sent to syslogd/var/log/" "security, which is defined in /etc/syslog.confIPFW users create a file " "containing the rules and code them in a manner compatible with running them " @@ -87186,7 +88320,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59472 +#: book.translate.xml:60132 msgid "" "This example script is compatible with the syntax used by the " "sh1/etc/ipfw.rules, the rules " "could be reloaded by the following command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:59505 +#: book.translate.xml:60165 #, no-wrap msgid "# sh /etc/ipfw.rules" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59507 +#: book.translate.xml:60167 msgid "" "/etc/ipfw.rules can be located anywhere and the file " "can have any name." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59510 +#: book.translate.xml:60170 msgid "The same thing could be accomplished by running these commands by hand:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:59513 +#: book.translate.xml:60173 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ipfw -q -f flush\n" @@ -87269,20 +88403,86 @@ "# ipfw -q add 00611 allow udp from any to 192.0.2.11 53 out via tun0 keep-state" msgstr "" +#. (itstool) path: sect2/title +#: book.translate.xml:60184 +msgid "IPFW Kernel Options" +msgstr "IPFW 核心選項" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm +#: book.translate.xml:60186 +msgid "kernel options IPFIREWALL" +msgstr "核心選項 IPFIREWALL" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm +#: book.translate.xml:60192 +msgid "" +"kernel options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE" +msgstr "核心選項 IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm +#: book.translate.xml:60198 +msgid "" +"kernel options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT" +msgstr "" +"核心選項 IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm +#: book.translate.xml:60204 +msgid "" +"IPFW kernel " +"options" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:60209 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"In order to statically compile IPFW support into " +"a custom kernel, refer to the instructions in . The following options are available for the custom kernel configuration " +"file:" +msgstr "" +"或者可以將電視卡支援靜態編譯到自訂的核心當中，若要這麼做則可在自訂核心設定檔" +"加入以下行：" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting +#: book.translate.xml:60215 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"options IPFIREWALL\t\t\t# enables IPFW\n" +"options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE\t\t# enables logging for rules with log keyword to syslogd(8)\n" +"options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=5\t# limits number of logged packets per-entry\n" +"options IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT # sets default policy to pass what is not explicitly denied\n" +"options IPFIREWALL_NAT\t\t# enables in-kernel NAT support\n" +"options IPFIREWALL_NAT64\t\t# enables in-kernel NAT64 support\n" +"options IPFIREWALL_NPTV6\t\t# enables in-kernel IPv6 NPT support\n" +"options IPFIREWALL_PMOD\t\t# enables protocols modification module support\n" +"options IPDIVERT\t\t\t# enables NAT through natd(8)" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: note/para +#: book.translate.xml:60226 +msgid "" +"IPFW can be loaded as a kernel module: options " +"above are built by default as modules or can be set at runtime using " +"tunables." +msgstr "" + #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:59525 +#: book.translate.xml:60234 msgid "IPFILTER (IPF)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59527 +#: book.translate.xml:60236 msgid "" "firewall IPFILTER" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:59533 +#: book.translate.xml:60242 msgid "" "IPFILTER, also known as IPF, is a cross-platform, open source firewall which has been " @@ -87294,7 +88494,7 @@ "OpenBSD 與 Solaris。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:59538 +#: book.translate.xml:60247 msgid "" "IPFILTER is a kernel-side firewall and " "NAT mechanism that can be controlled and monitored by " @@ -87315,7 +88515,7 @@ "application> 來記錄 IPFILTER 動作到系統記錄檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:59550 +#: book.translate.xml:60259 msgid "" "IPF was originally written using a rule " "processing logic of the last matching rule wins and only used " @@ -87329,7 +88529,7 @@ "保留狀態 (keep state) 的選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:59557 +#: book.translate.xml:60266 msgid "" "The IPF FAQ is at http://www.phildev.net/ipf/index.html. A " @@ -87342,7 +88542,7 @@ "\">http://marc.info/?l=ipfilter 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:59561 +#: book.translate.xml:60270 msgid "" "This section of the Handbook focuses on IPF as it " "pertains to FreeBSD. It provides examples of rules that contain the " @@ -87353,19 +88553,19 @@ "(keep state) 選項的規則範例。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:59568 +#: book.translate.xml:60277 msgid "Enabling IPF" msgstr "開啟 IPF" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59570 +#: book.translate.xml:60279 msgid "" "IPFILTER enabling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59576 +#: book.translate.xml:60285 msgid "" "IPF is included in the basic FreeBSD install as a " "kernel loadable module, meaning that a custom kernel is not needed in order " @@ -87373,7 +88573,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59581 +#: book.translate.xml:60290 msgid "" "kernel options IPFILTER" @@ -87382,12 +88582,12 @@ "secondary>" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59587 +#: book.translate.xml:60296 msgid "kernel options IPFILTER_LOG" msgstr "核心選項 IPFILTER_LOG" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59593 +#: book.translate.xml:60302 msgid "" "kernel options IPFILTER_DEFAULT_BLOCK" @@ -87395,14 +88595,14 @@ "核心選項 IPFILTER_DEFAULT_BLOCK" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59599 +#: book.translate.xml:60308 msgid "" "IPFILTER kernel " "options" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59605 +#: book.translate.xml:60314 msgid "" "For users who prefer to statically compile IPF " "support into a custom kernel, refer to the instructions in options IPFILTER enables support for " "IPFILTER, options IPFILTER_LOG " @@ -87434,7 +88634,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59628 +#: book.translate.xml:60337 msgid "" "To configure the system to enable IPF at boot " "time, add the following entries to /etc/rc.conf. These " @@ -87445,7 +88645,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59637 +#: book.translate.xml:60346 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ipfilter_enable=\"YES\" # Start ipf firewall\n" @@ -87458,13 +88658,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59645 +#: book.translate.xml:60354 msgid "" "If NAT functionality is needed, also add these lines:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59648 +#: book.translate.xml:60357 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gateway_enable=\"YES\" # Enable as LAN gateway\n" @@ -87473,18 +88673,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59652 +#: book.translate.xml:60361 msgid "Then, to start IPF now:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59654 +#: book.translate.xml:60363 #, no-wrap msgid "# service ipfilter start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59656 +#: book.translate.xml:60365 msgid "" "To load the firewall rules, specify the name of the ruleset file using " "ipf. The following command can be used to replace the " @@ -87492,20 +88692,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:59661 +#: book.translate.xml:60370 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipf -Fa -f /etc/ipf.rules" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59663 +#: book.translate.xml:60372 msgid "" "where flushes all the internal rules tables and " " specifies the file containing the rules to load." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59667 +#: book.translate.xml:60376 msgid "" "This provides the ability to make changes to a custom ruleset and update the " "running firewall with a fresh copy of the rules without having to reboot the " @@ -87514,7 +88714,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59673 +#: book.translate.xml:60382 msgid "" "Refer to ipf8 for details on the other flags available with this " @@ -87522,19 +88722,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:59678 +#: book.translate.xml:60387 msgid "IPF Rule Syntax" msgstr "IPF 規則語法" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59680 +#: book.translate.xml:60389 msgid "" "IPFILTER rule " "syntax" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59686 +#: book.translate.xml:60395 msgid "" "This section describes the IPF rule syntax used " "to create stateful rules. When creating rules, keep in mind that unless the " @@ -87547,7 +88747,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59697 +#: book.translate.xml:60406 msgid "" "When creating rules, a # character is used to mark the " "start of a comment and may appear at the end of a rule, to explain that " @@ -87555,7 +88755,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59702 +#: book.translate.xml:60411 msgid "" "The keywords which are used in rules must be written in a specific order, " "from left to right. Some keywords are mandatory while others are optional. " @@ -87566,7 +88766,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59711 +#: book.translate.xml:60420 msgid "" "ACTION DIRECTION OPTIONS proto PROTO_TYPE from SRC_ADDR " "SRC_PORT to DST_ADDR DST_PORT TCP_FLAG|ICMP_TYPE keep state STATEmust have an action. The following " @@ -87593,91 +88793,91 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59731 +#: book.translate.xml:60440 msgid "block: drops the packet." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59733 +#: book.translate.xml:60442 msgid "pass: allows the packet." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59735 +#: book.translate.xml:60444 msgid "log: generates a log record." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59738 +#: book.translate.xml:60447 msgid "" "count: counts the number of packets and bytes which can " "provide an indication of how often a rule is used." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59742 +#: book.translate.xml:60451 msgid "" "auth: queues the packet for further processing by another " "program." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59745 +#: book.translate.xml:60454 msgid "" "call: provides access to functions built into " "IPF that allow more complex actions." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59749 +#: book.translate.xml:60458 msgid "" "decapsulate: removes any headers in order to process the " "contents of the packet." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59755 +#: book.translate.xml:60464 msgid "DIRECTION" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59757 +#: book.translate.xml:60466 msgid "" "Next, each rule must explicitly state the direction of traffic using one of " "these keywords:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59760 +#: book.translate.xml:60469 msgid "in: the rule is applied against an inbound packet." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59763 +#: book.translate.xml:60472 msgid "out: the rule is applied against an outbound packet." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59766 +#: book.translate.xml:60475 msgid "all: the rule applies to either direction." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59769 +#: book.translate.xml:60478 msgid "" "If the system has multiple interfaces, the interface can be specified along " "with the direction. An example would be in on fxp0." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59778 +#: book.translate.xml:60487 msgid "" "Options are optional. However, if multiple options are specified, they must " "be used in the order shown here." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59782 +#: book.translate.xml:60491 msgid "" "log: when performing the specified ACTION, the contents " "of the packet's headers will be written to the " @@ -87686,7 +88886,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59787 +#: book.translate.xml:60496 msgid "" "quick: if a packet matches this rule, the ACTION " "specified by the rule occurs and no further processing of any following " @@ -87694,7 +88894,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59792 +#: book.translate.xml:60501 msgid "" "on: must be followed by the interface name as displayed " "by ifconfig8log keyword, the following qualifiers may " "be used in this order:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59801 +#: book.translate.xml:60510 msgid "" "body: indicates that the first 128 bytes of the packet " "contents will be logged after the headers." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59805 +#: book.translate.xml:60514 msgid "" "first: if the log keyword is being " "used in conjunction with a keep state option, this option " @@ -87726,7 +88926,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59812 +#: book.translate.xml:60521 msgid "" "Additional options are available to specify error return messages. Refer to " "ipf5from keyword is mandatory and is followed by a " "keyword which represents the source of the packet. The source can be a " @@ -87768,7 +88968,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59848 +#: book.translate.xml:60557 msgid "" "There is no way to match ranges of IP addresses which do " "not express themselves easily using the dotted numeric form / mask-length " @@ -87779,7 +88979,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59862 +#: book.translate.xml:60571 msgid "" "The port number of the source is optional. However, if it is used, it " "requires PROTO_TYPE to be first defined in the rule. The port number must " @@ -87787,7 +88987,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59867 +#: book.translate.xml:60576 msgid "" "A number of different comparison operators are supported: = (equal to), != (not equal to), <<>" " (less than and greater than ), >< " @@ -87806,12 +89006,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59885 +#: book.translate.xml:60594 msgid "DST_ADDR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59887 +#: book.translate.xml:60596 msgid "" "The to keyword is mandatory and is followed by a keyword " "which represents the destination of the packet. Similar to SRC_ADDR, it can " @@ -87821,7 +89021,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59899 +#: book.translate.xml:60608 msgid "" "Similar to SRC_PORT, the port number of the destination is optional. " "However, if it is used, it requires PROTO_TYPE to be first defined in the " @@ -87830,12 +89030,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59908 +#: book.translate.xml:60617 msgid "TCP_FLAG|ICMP_TYPE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59910 +#: book.translate.xml:60619 msgid "" "If tcp is specified as the PROTO_TYPE, flags can be " "specified as letters, where each letter represents one of the possible " @@ -87847,7 +89047,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59924 +#: book.translate.xml:60633 msgid "" "If icmp is specified as the PROTO_TYPE, the " "ICMP type to match can be specified. Refer to " @@ -87856,12 +89056,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59932 +#: book.translate.xml:60641 msgid "STATE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59934 +#: book.translate.xml:60643 msgid "" "If a pass rule contains keep state, " "IPF will add an entry to its dynamic state table " @@ -87873,7 +89073,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59946 +#: book.translate.xml:60655 msgid "" "In IPF, packets destined to go out through the " "interface connected to the public Internet are first checked against the " @@ -87890,7 +89090,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59964 +#: book.translate.xml:60673 msgid "" "Several keywords can be added after keep state. If used, " "these keywords set various options that control stateful filtering, such as " @@ -87900,14 +89100,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59978 +#: book.translate.xml:60687 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to create an example ruleset which only allows " "services matching pass rules and blocks all others." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59982 +#: book.translate.xml:60691 msgid "" "FreeBSD uses the loopback interface (lo0) and the " "IP address 127.0.0.1LAN interface named xl0:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60008 +#: book.translate.xml:60717 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# no restrictions on inside LAN interface for private network\n" @@ -87954,7 +89154,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60012 +#: book.translate.xml:60721 msgid "" "The rules for the public interface's outbound and inbound sections should " "have the most frequently matched rules placed before less commonly matched " @@ -87963,7 +89163,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60018 +#: book.translate.xml:60727 msgid "" "This set of rules defines the outbound section of the public interface named " "dc0. These rules keep state and identify the specific " @@ -87973,7 +89173,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60026 +#: book.translate.xml:60735 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# interface facing Internet (outbound)\n" @@ -88018,7 +89218,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60066 +#: book.translate.xml:60775 msgid "" "This example of the rules in the inbound section of the public interface " "blocks all undesirable packets first. This reduces the number of packets " @@ -88026,7 +89226,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60071 +#: book.translate.xml:60780 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# interface facing Internet (inbound)\n" @@ -88067,7 +89267,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60107 +#: book.translate.xml:60816 msgid "" "Any time there are logged messages on a rule with the log first option, run ipfstat -hio to evaluate how many " @@ -88076,7 +89276,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60113 +#: book.translate.xml:60822 msgid "" "The rest of the rules in the inbound section define which connections are " "allowed to be initiated from the Internet. The last rule denies all " @@ -88085,7 +89285,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60118 +#: book.translate.xml:60827 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Allow traffic in from ISP's DHCP server. Replace z.z.z.z with\n" @@ -88099,23 +89299,28 @@ "block in log first quick on dc0 all" msgstr "" +#. (itstool) path: sect2/title +#: book.translate.xml:60839 +msgid "Configuring NAT" +msgstr "設定 NAT" + #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60134 +#: book.translate.xml:60843 msgid "IP masquerading NAT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60140 +#: book.translate.xml:60849 msgid "network address translation NAT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60146 +#: book.translate.xml:60855 msgid "ipnat" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60148 +#: book.translate.xml:60857 msgid "" "To enable NAT, add these statements to /etc/rc." "conf and specify the name of the file containing the " @@ -88123,7 +89328,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60152 +#: book.translate.xml:60861 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gateway_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -88132,7 +89337,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60156 +#: book.translate.xml:60865 msgid "" "NAT rules are flexible and can accomplish many different " "things to fit the needs of both commercial and home users. The rule syntax " @@ -88143,7 +89348,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60162 +#: book.translate.xml:60871 msgid "" "The basic syntax for a NAT rule is as follows, where " "map starts the rule and IF " @@ -88151,13 +89356,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60167 +#: book.translate.xml:60876 #, no-wrap msgid "map IF LAN_IP_RANGE -> PUBLIC_ADDRESS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60169 +#: book.translate.xml:60878 msgid "" "The LAN_IP_RANGE is the range of IP addresses used by internal clients. Usually, it is a private " @@ -88169,7 +89374,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60178 +#: book.translate.xml:60887 msgid "" "In IPF, when a packet arrives at the firewall " "from the LAN with a public destination, it first passes " @@ -88191,7 +89396,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60201 +#: book.translate.xml:60910 msgid "" "For networks that have large numbers of internal systems or multiple " "subnets, the process of funneling every private IP " @@ -88200,7 +89405,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60207 +#: book.translate.xml:60916 msgid "" "The first method is to assign a range of ports to use as source ports. By " "adding the portmap keyword, NAT can be " @@ -88208,26 +89413,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60212 +#: book.translate.xml:60921 #, no-wrap msgid "map dc0 192.168.1.0/24 -> 0/32 portmap tcp/udp 20000:60000" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60214 +#: book.translate.xml:60923 msgid "" "Alternately, use the auto keyword which tells " "NAT to determine the ports that are available for use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60218 +#: book.translate.xml:60927 #, no-wrap msgid "map dc0 192.168.1.0/24 -> 0/32 portmap tcp/udp auto" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60220 +#: book.translate.xml:60929 msgid "" "The second method is to use a pool of public addresses. This is useful when " "there are too many LAN addresses to fit into a single " @@ -88238,14 +89443,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60229 +#: book.translate.xml:60938 msgid "" "The range of public IP addresses can be specified using a " "netmask or CIDR notation. These two rules are equivalent:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60233 +#: book.translate.xml:60942 #, no-wrap msgid "" "map dc0 192.168.1.0/24 -> 204.134.75.0/255.255.255.0\n" @@ -88253,7 +89458,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60236 +#: book.translate.xml:60945 msgid "" "A common practice is to have a publically accessible web server or mail " "server segregated to an internal network segment. The traffic from these " @@ -88265,26 +89470,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60245 +#: book.translate.xml:60954 #, no-wrap msgid "rdr dc0 20.20.20.5/32 port 80 -> 10.0.10.25 port 80" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60247 +#: book.translate.xml:60956 msgid "" "If it is the only web server, this rule would also work as it redirects all " "external HTTP requests to 10.0.10.25:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60251 +#: book.translate.xml:60960 #, no-wrap msgid "rdr dc0 0.0.0.0/0 port 80 -> 10.0.10.25 port 80" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60253 +#: book.translate.xml:60962 msgid "" "IPF has a built in FTP proxy " "which can be used with NAT. It monitors all outbound " @@ -88295,7 +89500,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60262 +#: book.translate.xml:60971 msgid "" "In this example, the first rule calls the proxy for outbound FTP traffic from the internal LAN. The second rule " @@ -88305,7 +89510,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60270 +#: book.translate.xml:60979 #, no-wrap msgid "" "map dc0 10.0.10.0/29 -> 0/32 proxy port 21 ftp/tcp\n" @@ -88314,7 +89519,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60274 +#: book.translate.xml:60983 msgid "" "The FTP map rules go before the " "NAT rule so that when a packet matches an FTPFTP proxy, the following firewall rules would " "instead be needed. Note that without the proxy, all ports above " @@ -88334,7 +89539,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60289 +#: book.translate.xml:60998 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Allow out LAN PC client FTP to public Internet\n" @@ -88349,7 +89554,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60299 +#: book.translate.xml:61008 msgid "" "Whenever the file containing the NAT rules is edited, run " "ipnat with to delete the current " @@ -88359,65 +89564,65 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60307 +#: book.translate.xml:61016 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipnat -CF -f /etc/ipnat.rules" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60309 +#: book.translate.xml:61018 msgid "To display the NAT statistics:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60311 +#: book.translate.xml:61020 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipnat -s" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60313 +#: book.translate.xml:61022 msgid "To list the NAT table's current mappings:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60316 +#: book.translate.xml:61025 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipnat -l" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60318 +#: book.translate.xml:61027 msgid "" "To turn verbose mode on and display information relating to rule processing " "and active rules and table entries:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60321 +#: book.translate.xml:61030 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipnat -v" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:60437 +#: book.translate.xml:61146 msgid "Viewing IPF Statistics" msgstr "檢視 IPF 統計資訊" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60439 +#: book.translate.xml:61148 msgid "ipfstat" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60441 +#: book.translate.xml:61150 msgid "" "IPFILTER " "statistics" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60447 +#: book.translate.xml:61156 msgid "" "IPF includes " "ipfstat8ipfstat output looks like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60459 +#: book.translate.xml:61168 #, no-wrap msgid "" "input packets: blocked 99286 passed 1255609 nomatch 14686 counted 0\n" @@ -88456,7 +89661,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60477 +#: book.translate.xml:61186 msgid "" "Several options are available. When supplied with either " "for inbound or for outbound, the command will retrieve " @@ -88467,7 +89672,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60486 +#: book.translate.xml:61195 #, no-wrap msgid "" "@1 pass out on xl0 from any to any\n" @@ -88476,7 +89681,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60490 +#: book.translate.xml:61199 msgid "" "Include to prefix each rule with a count of how many " "times the rule was matched. For example, ipfstat -oh " @@ -88485,7 +89690,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60495 +#: book.translate.xml:61204 #, no-wrap msgid "" "2451423 pass out on xl0 from any to any\n" @@ -88494,7 +89699,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60499 +#: book.translate.xml:61208 msgid "" "To display the state table in a format similar to " "top1IPF Logging" msgstr "IPF 日誌" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60511 +#: book.translate.xml:61220 msgid "ipmon" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60513 +#: book.translate.xml:61222 msgid "" "IPFILTER logging" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60519 +#: book.translate.xml:61228 msgid "" "IPF provides ipmon, which can " "be used to write the firewall's logging information in a human readable " @@ -88534,7 +89739,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60525 +#: book.translate.xml:61234 msgid "" "This command is typically run in daemon mode in order to provide a " "continuous system log file so that logging of past events may be reviewed. " @@ -88545,7 +89750,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60533 +#: book.translate.xml:61242 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ipmon_flags=\"-Ds\" # D = start as daemon\n" @@ -88555,7 +89760,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60538 +#: book.translate.xml:61247 msgid "" "Logging provides the ability to review, after the fact, information such as " "which packets were dropped, what addresses they came from, and where they " @@ -88563,7 +89768,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60543 +#: book.translate.xml:61252 msgid "" "Once the logging facility is enabled in rc.conf and " "started with service ipmon start, IPFipmon -Ds mode uses local0 " "as the logging facility. The following logging levels can be used to further " @@ -88584,7 +89789,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60559 +#: book.translate.xml:61268 #, no-wrap msgid "" "LOG_INFO - packets logged using the \"log\" keyword as the action rather than pass or block.\n" @@ -88594,33 +89799,33 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60564 +#: book.translate.xml:61273 msgid "" "In order to setup IPF to log all data to " "/var/log/ipfilter.log, first create the empty file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60568 +#: book.translate.xml:61277 #, no-wrap msgid "# touch /var/log/ipfilter.log" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60570 +#: book.translate.xml:61279 msgid "" "Then, to write all logged messages to the specified file, add the following " "statement to /etc/syslog.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60574 +#: book.translate.xml:61283 #, no-wrap msgid "local0.* /var/log/ipfilter.log" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60576 +#: book.translate.xml:61285 msgid "" "To activate the changes and instruct syslogd8 to read the modified " @@ -88629,44 +89834,44 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60580 +#: book.translate.xml:61289 msgid "" "Do not forget to edit /etc/newsyslog.conf to rotate the " "new log file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60584 +#: book.translate.xml:61293 msgid "" "Messages generated by ipmon consist of data fields " "separated by white space. Fields common to all messages are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60590 +#: book.translate.xml:61299 msgid "The date of packet receipt." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60594 +#: book.translate.xml:61303 msgid "" "The time of packet receipt. This is in the form HH:MM:SS.F, for hours, " "minutes, seconds, and fractions of a second." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60600 +#: book.translate.xml:61309 msgid "The name of the interface that processed the packet." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60605 +#: book.translate.xml:61314 msgid "" "The group and rule number of the rule in the format @0:17." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60610 +#: book.translate.xml:61319 msgid "" "The action: p for passed, b for " "blocked, S for a short packet, n did " @@ -88674,7 +89879,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60617 +#: book.translate.xml:61326 msgid "" "The addresses written as three fields: the source address and port separated " "by a comma, the -> symbol, and the destination address and port. For " @@ -88682,21 +89887,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60625 +#: book.translate.xml:61334 msgid "" "PR followed by the protocol name or number: for example, " "PR tcp." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60630 +#: book.translate.xml:61339 msgid "" "len followed by the header length and total length of the " "packet: for example, len 20 40." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60636 +#: book.translate.xml:61345 msgid "" "If the packet is a TCP packet, there will be an " "additional field starting with a hyphen followed by letters corresponding to " @@ -88706,7 +89911,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60641 +#: book.translate.xml:61350 msgid "" "If the packet is an ICMP packet, there will be two fields " "at the end: the first always being icmp and the next being " @@ -88715,101 +89920,610 @@ "message." msgstr "" +#. (itstool) path: sect1/title +#: book.translate.xml:61361 +msgid "Blacklistd" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: book.translate.xml:61363 +msgid "" +"Blacklistd is a daemon listening to sockets to receive notifications from " +"other daemons about connection attempts that failed or were successful. It " +"is most widely used in blocking too many connection attempts on open ports. " +"A prime example is SSH running on the internet " +"getting a lot of requests from bots or scripts trying to guess passwords and " +"gain access. Using blacklistd, the daemon can " +"notify the firewall to create a filter rule to block excessive connection " +"attempts from a single source after a number of tries. Blacklistd was first " +"developed on NetBSD and appeared there in version 7. FreeBSD 11 imported " +"blacklistd from NetBSD." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: book.translate.xml:61377 +msgid "" +"This chapter describes how to set up blacklistd, configure it, and provides " +"examples on how to use it. Readers should be familiar with basic firewall " +"concepts like rules. For details, refer to the firewall chapter. PF is used " +"in the examples, but other firewalls available on FreeBSD should be able to " +"work with blacklistd, too." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/title +#: book.translate.xml:61385 +msgid "Enabling Blacklistd" +msgstr "開啟 Blacklistd" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:61387 +msgid "" +"The main configuration for blacklistd is stored in " +"blacklistd.conf5. Various command line options are also available " +"to change blacklistd's run-time behavior. Persistent configuration across " +"reboots should be stored in /etc/blacklistd.conf. To " +"enable the daemon during system boot, add a blacklistd_enable line to /etc/rc.conf like this:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:61396 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# sysrc blacklistd_enable=yes" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:61398 +#, fuzzy +msgid "To start the service manually, run this command:" +msgstr "要立即啟動服務可：" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:61400 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# service blacklistd start" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/title +#: book.translate.xml:61404 +msgid "Creating a Blacklistd Ruleset" +msgstr "建立 Blacklistd 規則集" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:61406 +msgid "" +"Rules for blacklistd are configured in " +"blacklistd.conf5 with one entry per line. Each rule contains a " +"tuple separated by spaces or tabs. Rules either belong to a local or a remote, which applies to the machine where " +"blacklistd is running or an outside source, respectively." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/title +#: book.translate.xml:61415 +msgid "Local Rules" +msgstr "本地規則" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61417 +msgid "An example blacklistd.conf entry for a local rule looks like this:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting +#: book.translate.xml:61420 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"[local]\n" +"ssh stream * * * 3 24h" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61423 +msgid "" +"All rules that follow the [local] section are treated as " +"local rules (which is the default), applying to the local machine. When a " +"[remote] section is encountered, all rules that follow it " +"are handled as remote machine rules." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61430 +msgid "" +"Seven fields define a rule separated by either tabs or spaces. The first " +"four fields identify the traffic that should be blacklisted. The three " +"fields that follow define backlistd's behavior. Wildcards are denoted as " +"asterisks (*), matching anything in this field. The first " +"field defines the location. In local rules, these are the network ports. The " +"syntax for the location field is as follows:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting +#: book.translate.xml:61439 +#, no-wrap +msgid "[address|interface][/mask][:port]" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61441 +msgid "" +"Adressses can be specified as IPv4 in numeric format or IPv6 in square " +"brackets. An interface name like em0 can also be used." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61446 +msgid "" +"The socket type is defined by the second field. TCP sockets are of type " +"stream, whereas UDP is denoted as dgram. The example above uses TCP, since SSH is using that protocol." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61451 +msgid "" +"A protocol can be used in the third field of a blacklistd rule. The " +"following protocols can be used: tcp, udp, tcp6, udp6, or numeric. A " +"wildcard, like in the example, is typically used to match all protocols " +"unless there is a reason to distinguish traffic by a certain protocol." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61459 +msgid "" +"In the fourth field, the effective user or owner of the daemon process that " +"is reporting the event is defined. The username or UID " +"can be used here, as well as a wildcard (see example rule above)." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61464 +msgid "" +"The packet filter rule name is declared by the fifth field, which starts the " +"behavior part of the rule. By default, blacklistd puts all blocks under a pf " +"anchor called blacklistd in pf.conf " +"like this:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting +#: book.translate.xml:61470 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"anchor \"blacklistd/*\" in on $ext_if\n" +"block in\n" +"pass out" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61474 +msgid "" +"For separate blacklists, an anchor name can be used in this field. In other " +"cases, the wildcard will suffice. When a name starts with a hyphen " +"(-) it means that an anchor with the default rule name " +"prepended should be used. A modified example from the above using the hyphen " +"would look like this:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting +#: book.translate.xml:61481 +#, no-wrap +msgid "ssh stream * * -ssh 3 24h" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61483 +msgid "" +"With such a rule, any new blacklist rules are added to an anchor called " +"blacklistd-ssh." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61486 +msgid "" +"To block whole subnets for a single rule violation, a / " +"in the rule name can be used. This causes the remaining portion of the name " +"to be interpreted as the mask to be applied to the address specified in the " +"rule. For example, this rule would block every address adjoining " +"/24." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting +#: book.translate.xml:61493 +#, no-wrap +msgid "22 stream tcp * */24 3 24h" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: note/para +#: book.translate.xml:61496 +msgid "" +"It is important to specify the proper protocol here. IPv4 and IPv6 treat /24 " +"differently, that is the reason why * cannot be used in " +"the third field for this rule." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61502 +msgid "" +"This rule defines that if any one host in that network is misbehaving, " +"everything else on that network will be blocked, too." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61506 +msgid "" +"The sixth field, called nfail, sets the number of login " +"failures required to blacklist the remote IP in question. When a wildcard is " +"used at this position, it means that blocks will never happen. In the " +"example rule above, a limit of three is defined meaning that after three " +"attempts to log into SSH on one connection, the " +"IP is blocked." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61515 +msgid "" +"The last field in a blacklistd rule definition specifies how long a host is " +"blacklisted. The default unit is seconds, but suffixes like m, h, and d can also be " +"specified for minutes, hours, and days, respectively." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61522 +msgid "" +"The example rule in its entirety means that after three times authenticating " +"to SSH will result in a new PF block rule for " +"that host. Rule matches are performed by first checking local rules one " +"after another, from most specific to least specific. When a match occurs, " +"the remote rules are applied and the name, " +"nfail, and disable fields are changed by the " +"remote rule that matched." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/title +#: book.translate.xml:61534 +msgid "Remote Rules" +msgstr "遠端規則" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61536 +msgid "" +"Remote rules are used to specify how blacklistd changes its behavior " +"depending on the remote host currently being evaluated. Each field in a " +"remote rule is the same as in a local rule. The only difference is in the " +"way blacklistd is using them. To explain it, this example rule is used:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting +#: book.translate.xml:61543 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"[remote]\n" +"203.0.113.128/25 * * * =/25 = 48h" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61546 +msgid "" +"The address field can be an IP address (either v4 or v6), a port or both. " +"This allows setting special rules for a specific remote address range like " +"in this example. The fields for type, protocol and owner are identically " +"interpreted as in the local rule." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61552 +msgid "" +"The name fields is different though: the equal sign (=) " +"in a remote rule tells blacklistd to use the value from the matching local " +"rule. It means that the firewall rule entry is taken and the /25 prefix (a netmask of 255.255.255.128) is added. When a connection from " +"that address range is blacklisted, the entire subnet is affected. A PF " +"anchor name can also be used here, in which case blacklistd will add rules " +"for this address block to the anchor of that name. The default table is used " +"when a wildcard is specified." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61564 +msgid "" +"A custom number of failures in the nfail column can be " +"defined for an address. This is useful for exceptions to a specific rule, to " +"maybe allow someone a less strict application of rules or a bit more " +"leniency in login tries. Blocking is disabled when an asterisk is used in " +"this sixth field." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:61572 +msgid "" +"Remote rules allow a stricter enforcement of limits on attempts to log in " +"compared to attempts coming from a local network like an office." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/title +#: book.translate.xml:61579 +msgid "Blacklistd Client Configuration" +msgstr "Blacklistd 客戶端設定" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:61581 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"There are a few software packages in FreeBSD that can utilize blacklistd's " +"functionality. The two most prominent ones are " +"ftpd8 and sshd8 to block excessive " +"connection attempts. To activate blacklistd in the SSH daemon, add the " +"following line to /etc/ssh/sshd_config:" +msgstr "" +"這個程序可以用來在執行中的系統上啟動服務，而在 " +"rc.conf5 中有指定的服務則會在開機時自動啟動。例如，要在系統" +"啟動時開啟 natd8，可入下行到 /etc/rc.conf：" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting +#: book.translate.xml:61588 +#, no-wrap +msgid "UseBlacklist yes" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:61590 +msgid "Restart sshd afterwards to make these changes take effect." +msgstr "接著重新啟動 sshd 來使變更生效。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:61593 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Blacklisting for ftpd8 is enabled using " +"-B, either in /etc/inetd.conf or as " +"a flag in /etc/rc.conf like this:" +msgstr "" +"要設定讓 autofs5 在開機時啟動可以加入此行到 /etc/rc.conf：" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting +#: book.translate.xml:61599 +#, no-wrap +msgid "ftpd_flags=\"-B\"" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:61601 +msgid "That is all that is needed to make these programs talk to blacklistd." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/title +#: book.translate.xml:61606 +msgid "Blacklistd Management" +msgstr "Blacklistd 管理" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:61608 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Blacklistd provides the user with a management utility called " +"blacklistctl8. It displays blocked addresses and networks that " +"are blacklisted by the rules defined in " +"blacklistd.conf5. To see the list of currently blocked hosts, use " +"dump combined with like this." +msgstr "" +"cron8 的 @reboot 功能，可用來替代指定詳細的時間，" +"而該工作會在系統初始化時執行 cron8 後執行。" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:61616 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# blacklistctl dump -b\n" +" address/ma:port id nfail last access\n" +"213.0.123.128/25:22 OK 6/3 2019/06/08 14:30:19" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:61620 +msgid "" +"This example shows that there were 6 out of three permitted attempts on port " +"22 coming from the address range 213.0.123.128/25. There are more attempts listed than are " +"allowed because SSH allows a client to try multiple logins on a single TCP " +"connection. A connection that is currently going on is not stopped by " +"blacklistd. The last connection attempt is listed in the last " +"access column of the output." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:61630 +msgid "" +"To see the remaining time that this host will be on the blacklist, add " +" to the previous command." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:61634 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# blacklistctl dump -br\n" +" address/ma:port id nfail remaining time\n" +"213.0.123.128/25:22 OK 6/3 36s" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:61638 +msgid "" +"In this example, there are 36s seconds left until this host will not be " +"blocked any more." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/title +#: book.translate.xml:61643 +msgid "Removing Hosts from the Block List" +msgstr "從封鎖清單移除主機" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:61645 +msgid "" +"Sometimes it is necessary to remove a host from the block list before the " +"remaining time expires. Unfortunately, there is no functionality in " +"blacklistd to do that. However, it is possible to remove the address from " +"the PF table using pfctl. For each blocked port, there is a child anchor " +"inside the blacklistd anchor defined in /etc/pf.conf. " +"For example, if there is a child anchor for blocking port 22 it is called " +"blacklistd/22. There is a table inside that child anchor " +"that contains the blocked addresses. This table is called port followed by " +"the port number. In this example, it would be called port22. With that information at hand, it is now possible to use " +"pfctl8 to display all addresses listed like this:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:61661 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# pfctl -a blacklistd/22 -t port22 -T show\n" +"...\n" +"213.0.123.128/25\n" +"..." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:61666 +msgid "" +"After identifying the address to be unblocked from the list, the following " +"command removes it from the list:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:61669 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# pfctl -a blacklistd/22 -T delete 213.0.123.128/25" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:61671 +msgid "" +"The address is now removed from PF, but will still show up in the " +"blacklistctl list, since it does not know about any changes made in PF. The " +"entry in blacklistd's database will eventually expire and be removed from " +"its output eventually. The entry will be added again if the host is matching " +"one of the block rules in blacklistd again." +msgstr "" + #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:60659 +#: book.translate.xml:61689 msgid "Advanced Networking" msgstr "進階網路設定" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:60664 +#: book.translate.xml:61694 msgid "This chapter covers a number of advanced networking topics." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60671 +#: book.translate.xml:61701 msgid "The basics of gateways and routes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60675 +#: book.translate.xml:61705 msgid "How to set up USB tethering." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60679 +#: book.translate.xml:61709 msgid "" "How to set up IEEE 802.11 and " "Bluetooth devices." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60684 +#: book.translate.xml:61714 msgid "How to make FreeBSD act as a bridge." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60688 +#: book.translate.xml:61718 msgid "How to set up network PXE booting." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60693 +#: book.translate.xml:61723 msgid "How to set up IPv6 on a FreeBSD machine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60698 +#: book.translate.xml:61728 msgid "" "How to enable and utilize the features of the Common Address Redundancy " "Protocol (CARP) in FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60704 +#: book.translate.xml:61734 msgid "How to configure multiple VLANs on FreeBSD." msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 上設定多個 VLAN。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60713 +#: book.translate.xml:61739 +msgid "Configure bluetooth headset." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: listitem/para +#: book.translate.xml:61747 msgid "Understand the basics of the /etc/rc scripts." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60722 +#: book.translate.xml:61756 msgid "" "Know how to configure and install a new FreeBSD kernel ()." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:60736 +#: book.translate.xml:61770 msgid "Gateways and Routes" msgstr "通訊閘與路由" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:60739 +#: book.translate.xml:61773 msgid "" " Coranth Gryphon Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60749 +#: book.translate.xml:61783 msgid "routing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60752 +#: book.translate.xml:61786 msgid "gateway" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60755 +#: book.translate.xml:61789 msgid "subnet" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:60759 +#: book.translate.xml:61793 msgid "" "Routing is the mechanism that allows a system to find " "the network path to another system. A route is a " @@ -88824,7 +90538,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:60773 +#: book.translate.xml:61807 msgid "" "This section provides an overview of routing basics. It then demonstrates " "how to configure a FreeBSD system as a router and offers some " @@ -88832,12 +90546,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:60778 +#: book.translate.xml:61812 msgid "Routing Basics" msgstr "路由基礎概念" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60780 +#: book.translate.xml:61814 msgid "" "To view the routing table of a FreeBSD system, use " "netstat1% netstat -r\n" @@ -88865,17 +90579,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60798 +#: book.translate.xml:61832 msgid "The entries in this example are as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:60802 +#: book.translate.xml:61836 msgid "default" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60804 +#: book.translate.xml:61838 msgid "" "The first route in this table specifies the default " "route. When the local system needs to make a connection to a remote host, it " @@ -88885,7 +90599,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60812 +#: book.translate.xml:61846 msgid "" "If the destination does not match an entry, or if all known paths fail, the " "system uses the entry for the default route. For hosts on a local area " @@ -88896,7 +90610,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60821 +#: book.translate.xml:61855 msgid "" "The default route for a machine which itself is functioning as the gateway " "to the outside world will be the gateway machine at the Internet Service " @@ -88904,12 +90618,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:60829 +#: book.translate.xml:61863 msgid "localhost" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60831 +#: book.translate.xml:61865 msgid "" "The second route is the localhost route. The interface " "specified in the Netif column for localhost0:e0: are MAC addresses. FreeBSD will automatically " @@ -88939,12 +90653,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:60864 +#: book.translate.xml:61898 msgid "subnet" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60866 +#: book.translate.xml:61900 msgid "" "FreeBSD will automatically add subnet routes for the local subnet. In this " "example, 10.20.30.255 is the " @@ -88955,7 +90669,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60874 +#: book.translate.xml:61908 msgid "" "Local network hosts and local subnets have their routes automatically " "configured by a daemon called routedhost1 line refers to the host by its Ethernet " "address. Since it is the sending host, FreeBSD knows to use the loopback " @@ -88977,7 +90691,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60891 +#: book.translate.xml:61925 msgid "" "The two host2 lines represent aliases which were created " "using ifconfig8224) deals with multicasting." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60911 +#: book.translate.xml:61945 msgid "" "Various attributes of each route can be seen in the Flags " "column. summarizes some of these flags and " @@ -89009,40 +90723,40 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:60916 +#: book.translate.xml:61950 msgid "Commonly Seen Routing Table Flags" msgstr "常見路由表標記" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:60928 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:61962 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "U" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:60929 +#: book.translate.xml:61963 msgid "The route is active (up)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:60933 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:61967 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "H" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:60934 +#: book.translate.xml:61968 msgid "The route destination is a single host." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:60938 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:61972 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "G" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:60939 +#: book.translate.xml:61973 msgid "" "Send anything for this destination on to this gateway, which will figure out " "from there where to send it." @@ -89050,52 +90764,52 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:60945 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:61979 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "S" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:60946 +#: book.translate.xml:61980 msgid "This route was statically configured." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:60950 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:61984 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "C" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:60951 +#: book.translate.xml:61985 msgid "" "Clones a new route based upon this route for machines to connect to. This " "type of route is normally used for local networks." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:60957 +#: book.translate.xml:61991 msgid "W" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:60958 +#: book.translate.xml:61992 msgid "" "The route was auto-configured based upon a local area network (clone) route." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:60963 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:61997 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "L" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:60964 +#: book.translate.xml:61998 msgid "Route involves references to Ethernet (link) hardware." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60971 +#: book.translate.xml:62005 msgid "" "On a FreeBSD system, the default route can defined in /etc/rc." "conf by specifying the IP address of the " @@ -89103,25 +90817,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60975 +#: book.translate.xml:62009 #, no-wrap msgid "defaultrouter=\"10.20.30.1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60977 +#: book.translate.xml:62011 msgid "" "It is also possible to manually add the route using route:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60980 +#: book.translate.xml:62014 #, no-wrap msgid "# route add default 10.20.30.1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60982 +#: book.translate.xml:62016 msgid "" "Note that manually added routes will not survive a reboot. For more " "information on manual manipulation of network routing tables, refer to " @@ -89130,24 +90844,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:60989 +#: book.translate.xml:62023 msgid "Configuring a Router with Static Routes" msgstr "設定路由器使用靜態路由" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:60992 +#: book.translate.xml:62026 msgid "" " Al Hoang Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61003 +#: book.translate.xml:62037 msgid "dual homed hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61007 +#: book.translate.xml:62041 msgid "" "A FreeBSD system can be configured as the default gateway, or router, for a " "network if it is a dual-homed system. A dual-homed system is a host which " @@ -89158,7 +90872,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61019 +#: book.translate.xml:62053 msgid "" "In order for the system to forward packets between interfaces, FreeBSD must " "be configured as a router. Internet standards and good engineering practice " @@ -89168,13 +90882,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61026 +#: book.translate.xml:62060 #, no-wrap msgid "gateway_enable=\"YES\" # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61028 +#: book.translate.xml:62062 msgid "" "To enable routing now, set the sysctl8 variable net." @@ -89183,22 +90897,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61033 +#: book.translate.xml:62067 msgid "BGP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61036 +#: book.translate.xml:62070 msgid "RIP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61039 +#: book.translate.xml:62073 msgid "OSPF" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61043 +#: book.translate.xml:62077 msgid "" "The routing table of a router needs additional routes so it knows how to " "reach other networks. Routes can be either added manually using static " @@ -89208,7 +90922,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:61051 +#: book.translate.xml:62085 msgid "" "For large networks, static routes quickly become unscalable. FreeBSD comes " "with the standard BSD routing daemon " @@ -89220,7 +90934,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61061 +#: book.translate.xml:62095 msgid "Consider the following network:" msgstr "" @@ -89229,13 +90943,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:61065 +#: book.translate.xml:62099 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='advanced-networking/static-routes' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout -#: book.translate.xml:61069 +#: book.translate.xml:62103 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -89264,7 +90978,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61095 +#: book.translate.xml:62129 msgid "" "In this scenario, RouterA is a FreeBSD machine that " "is acting as a router to the rest of the Internet. It has a default route " @@ -89275,14 +90989,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61103 +#: book.translate.xml:62137 msgid "" "Before adding any static routes, the routing table on RouterA looks like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61106 +#: book.translate.xml:62140 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% netstat -nr\n" @@ -89297,7 +91011,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61116 +#: book.translate.xml:62150 msgid "" "With the current routing table, RouterA does not " "have a route to the 192.168.2.0/24# route add -net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61126 +#: book.translate.xml:62160 msgid "" "Now, RouterA can reach any host on the 192.168.2.0/24 network. However, the " @@ -89323,7 +91037,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61132 +#: book.translate.xml:62166 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Add Internal Net 2 as a persistent static route\n" @@ -89332,7 +91046,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61136 +#: book.translate.xml:62170 msgid "" "The static_routes configuration variable is a list of " "strings separated by a space, where each string references a route name. The " @@ -89341,7 +91055,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61142 +#: book.translate.xml:62176 msgid "" "Using more than one string in static_routes creates " "multiple static routes. The following shows an example of adding static " @@ -89350,7 +91064,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61149 +#: book.translate.xml:62183 #, no-wrap msgid "" "static_routes=\"net1 net2\"\n" @@ -89359,7 +91073,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61157 +#: book.translate.xml:62191 msgid "" "When an address space is assigned to a network, the service provider " "configures their routing tables so that all traffic for the network will be " @@ -89368,7 +91082,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61163 +#: book.translate.xml:62197 msgid "" "There is a system that keeps track of all assigned address spaces and " "defines their point of connection to the Internet backbone, or the main " @@ -89380,7 +91094,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61172 +#: book.translate.xml:62206 msgid "" "It is the task of the service provider to advertise to the backbone sites " "that they are the point of connection, and thus the path inward, for a site. " @@ -89388,14 +91102,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61177 +#: book.translate.xml:62211 msgid "" "traceroute8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61181 +#: book.translate.xml:62215 msgid "" "Sometimes, there is a problem with route propagation and some sites are " "unable to connect. Perhaps the most useful command for trying to figure out " @@ -89404,7 +91118,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61187 +#: book.translate.xml:62221 msgid "" "When using traceroute, include the address of the remote " "host to connect to. The output will show the gateway hosts along the path of " @@ -89415,22 +91129,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:61196 +#: book.translate.xml:62230 msgid "Multicast Considerations" msgstr "群播 (Multicast) 注意事項" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61198 +#: book.translate.xml:62232 msgid "multicast routing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61201 +#: book.translate.xml:62235 msgid "kernel options MROUTING" msgstr "核心選項 MROUTING" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61206 +#: book.translate.xml:62240 msgid "" "FreeBSD natively supports both multicast applications and multicast routing. " "Multicast applications do not require any special configuration in order to " @@ -89439,13 +91153,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61212 +#: book.translate.xml:62246 #, no-wrap msgid "options MROUTING" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61214 +#: book.translate.xml:62248 msgid "" "The multicast routing daemon, mrouted can be " "installed using the net/mrouted package or port. This " @@ -89459,7 +91173,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:61227 +#: book.translate.xml:62261 msgid "" "DVMRP has largely been replaced by the PIM protocol in many multicast installations. Refer to " @@ -89468,39 +91182,39 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:61237 +#: book.translate.xml:62271 msgid "Wireless Networking" msgstr "無線網路" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:61240 +#: book.translate.xml:62274 msgid " Loader " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:61245 +#: book.translate.xml:62279 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61260 +#: book.translate.xml:62294 msgid "wireless networking" msgstr "無線網路" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61263 +#: book.translate.xml:62297 msgid "802.11 wireless networking" msgstr "802.11 無線網路" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:61269 +#: book.translate.xml:62303 msgid "Wireless Networking Basics" msgstr "無線網路基礎" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61271 +#: book.translate.xml:62305 msgid "" "Most wireless networks are based on the IEEE 802.11 standards. A basic wireless network consists of " @@ -89510,7 +91224,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61278 +#: book.translate.xml:62312 msgid "" "802.11 networks are organized in two ways. In infrastructure mode, one station acts as a master with all the other stations " @@ -89525,7 +91239,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61293 +#: book.translate.xml:62327 msgid "" "802.11 networks were first deployed in the 2.4GHz band using protocols " "defined by the IEEE 802.11 and " @@ -89540,7 +91254,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61306 +#: book.translate.xml:62340 msgid "" "Separate from the underlying transmission techniques, 802.11 networks have a " "variety of security mechanisms. The original 802.11 specifications defined a " @@ -89567,7 +91281,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61336 +#: book.translate.xml:62370 msgid "" "The other standard to be aware of is 802.11e. It defines protocols for " "deploying multimedia applications, such as streaming video and voice over IP " @@ -89584,7 +91298,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61353 +#: book.translate.xml:62387 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports networks that operate using 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g. " "The WPA and 802.11i security protocols are likewise " @@ -89595,14 +91309,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61365 +#: book.translate.xml:62399 msgid "" "Connecting a computer to an existing wireless network is a very common " "situation. This procedure shows the steps required." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:61371 +#: book.translate.xml:62405 msgid "" "Obtain the SSID (Service Set Identifier) and " "PSK (Pre-Shared Key) for the wireless network from the " @@ -89610,7 +91324,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:61378 +#: book.translate.xml:62412 msgid "" "Identify the wireless adapter. The FreeBSD GENERIC " "kernel includes drivers for many common wireless adapters. If the wireless " @@ -89620,37 +91334,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61384 +#: book.translate.xml:62418 #, no-wrap msgid "% ifconfig | grep -B3 -i wireless" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:61386 +#: book.translate.xml:62420 msgid "On FreeBSD 11 or higher, use this command instead:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61389 +#: book.translate.xml:62423 #, no-wrap msgid "% sysctl net.wlan.devices" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:61391 +#: book.translate.xml:62425 msgid "" "If a wireless adapter is not listed, an additional kernel module might be " "required, or it might be a model not supported by FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:61397 +#: book.translate.xml:62431 msgid "" "This example shows the Atheros ath0 wireless adapter." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:61402 +#: book.translate.xml:62436 msgid "" "Add an entry for this network to /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf. If the file does not exist, create it. Replace " @@ -89660,7 +91374,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61410 +#: book.translate.xml:62444 #, no-wrap msgid "" "network={\n" @@ -89670,14 +91384,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:61417 +#: book.translate.xml:62451 msgid "" "Add entries to /etc/rc.conf to configure the network on " "startup:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61420 +#: book.translate.xml:62454 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -89685,19 +91399,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:61425 +#: book.translate.xml:62459 msgid "" "Restart the computer, or restart the network service to connect to the " "network:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:61434 +#: book.translate.xml:62468 msgid "Basic Setup" msgstr "基礎設定" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:61439 +#: book.translate.xml:62473 msgid "" "To use wireless networking, a wireless networking card is needed and the " "kernel needs to be configured with the appropriate wireless networking " @@ -89706,7 +91420,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:61445 +#: book.translate.xml:62479 msgid "" "The most commonly used wireless devices are those that use parts made by " "Atheros. These devices are supported by athath4ath4 device and the device " @@ -89757,7 +91471,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:61480 +#: book.translate.xml:62514 msgid "" "In addition, the modules that implement cryptographic support for the " "security protocols to use must be loaded. These are intended to be " @@ -89780,7 +91494,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61493 +#: book.translate.xml:62527 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlan_wep_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -89789,7 +91503,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:61497 +#: book.translate.xml:62531 msgid "" "Once this information has been added to /boot/loader.conf, reboot the FreeBSD box. Alternately, load the modules by hand " @@ -89798,7 +91512,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:61503 +#: book.translate.xml:62537 msgid "" "For users who do not want to use modules, it is possible to compile these " "drivers into the kernel by adding the following lines to a custom kernel " @@ -89806,7 +91520,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61508 +#: book.translate.xml:62542 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device wlan # 802.11 support\n" @@ -89821,21 +91535,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:61518 +#: book.translate.xml:62552 msgid "" "With this information in the kernel configuration file, recompile the kernel " "and reboot the FreeBSD machine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:61523 +#: book.translate.xml:62557 msgid "" "Information about the wireless device should appear in the boot messages, " "like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61526 +#: book.translate.xml:62560 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ath0: <Atheros 5212> mem 0x88000000-0x8800ffff irq 11 at device 0.0 on cardbus1\n" @@ -89843,13 +91557,50 @@ "ath0: AR2413 mac 7.9 RF2413 phy 4.5" msgstr "" +#. (itstool) path: sect3/title +#: book.translate.xml:62566 +msgid "Setting the Correct Region" +msgstr "設定正確的區域" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:62568 +msgid "" +"Since the regulatory situation is different in various parts of the world, " +"it is necessary to correctly set the domains that apply to your location to " +"have the correct information about what channels can be used." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:62574 +msgid "" +"The available region definitions can be found in /etc/regdomain." +"xml. To set the data at runtime, use ifconfig:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen +#: book.translate.xml:62578 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# ifconfig wlan0 regdomain ETSI country AT" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:62580 +msgid "To persist the settings, add it to /etc/rc.conf:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen +#: book.translate.xml:62583 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# sysrc create_args_wlan0=\"country AT regdomain ETSI\"" +msgstr "" + #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:61533 +#: book.translate.xml:62588 msgid "Infrastructure Mode" msgstr "主從式 (Infrastructure)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61535 +#: book.translate.xml:62590 msgid "" "Infrastructure (BSS) mode is the mode that is typically " "used. In this mode, a number of wireless access points are connected to a " @@ -89859,17 +91610,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:61543 +#: book.translate.xml:62598 msgid "FreeBSD Clients" msgstr "FreeBSD 客戶端" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:61546 +#: book.translate.xml:62601 msgid "How to Find Access Points" msgstr "如何尋找存取點" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:61548 +#: book.translate.xml:62603 msgid "" "To scan for available networks, use ifconfig8. This request may take " @@ -89879,7 +91630,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61554 +#: book.translate.xml:62609 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n" @@ -89890,14 +91641,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:61561 +#: book.translate.xml:62616 msgid "" "The interface must be before it can scan. Subsequent " "scan requests do not require the interface to be marked as up again." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:61566 +#: book.translate.xml:62621 msgid "" "The output of a scan request lists each BSS/" "IBSS network found. Besides listing the name of the " @@ -89908,22 +91659,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:61577 +#: book.translate.xml:62632 msgid "Station Capability Codes" msgstr "站台功能代號" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61582 +#: book.translate.xml:62637 msgid "Capability Code" msgstr "功能代號" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61589 +#: book.translate.xml:62644 msgid "E" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61590 +#: book.translate.xml:62645 msgid "" "Extended Service Set (ESS). Indicates that the station is " "part of an infrastructure network rather than an IBSS/ad-" @@ -89931,24 +91682,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61598 +#: book.translate.xml:62653 msgid "I" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61599 +#: book.translate.xml:62654 msgid "" "IBSS/ad-hoc network. Indicates that the station is part " "of an ad-hoc network rather than an ESS network." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61606 +#: book.translate.xml:62661 msgid "P" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61607 +#: book.translate.xml:62662 msgid "" "Privacy. Encryption is required for all data frames exchanged within the " "BSS using cryptographic means such as WEPS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61617 +#: book.translate.xml:62672 msgid "" "Short Preamble. Indicates that the network is using short preambles, defined " "in 802.11b High Rate/DSSS PHY, and utilizes a 56 bit sync field rather than " @@ -89970,30 +91721,30 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61625 +#: book.translate.xml:62680 msgid "s" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61626 +#: book.translate.xml:62681 msgid "" "Short slot time. Indicates that the 802.11g network is using a short slot " "time because there are no legacy (802.11b) stations present." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:61634 +#: book.translate.xml:62689 msgid "One can also display the current list of known networks with:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61637 +#: book.translate.xml:62692 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig wlan0 list scan" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:61639 +#: book.translate.xml:62694 msgid "" "This information may be updated automatically by the adapter or manually " "with a request. Old data is automatically removed from " @@ -90002,12 +91753,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect4/title #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:61647 book.translate.xml:62475 +#: book.translate.xml:62702 book.translate.xml:63530 msgid "Basic Settings" msgstr "基礎設定" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:61649 +#: book.translate.xml:62704 msgid "" "This section provides a simple example of how to make the wireless network " "adapter work in FreeBSD without encryption. Once familiar with these " @@ -90016,7 +91767,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:61655 +#: book.translate.xml:62710 msgid "" "There are three basic steps to configure a wireless network: select an " "access point, authenticate the station, and configure an IPSSID:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61676 +#: book.translate.xml:62731 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -90060,7 +91811,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:61679 +#: book.translate.xml:62734 msgid "" "In an environment where there are multiple access points with the same " "SSID, which is often done to simplify roaming, it may be " @@ -90070,7 +91821,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61687 +#: book.translate.xml:62742 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -90078,7 +91829,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:61690 +#: book.translate.xml:62745 msgid "" "There are other ways to constrain the choice of an access point, such as " "limiting the set of frequencies the system will scan on. This may be useful " @@ -90088,7 +91839,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61698 +#: book.translate.xml:62753 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -90096,7 +91847,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:61701 +#: book.translate.xml:62756 msgid "" "This example will force the card to operate in 802.11g, which is defined " "only for 2.4GHz frequencies so any 5GHz channels will not be considered. " @@ -90109,7 +91860,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:61715 +#: book.translate.xml:62770 msgid "" "Once an access point is selected, the station needs to authenticate before " "it can pass data. Authentication can happen in several ways. The most common " @@ -90125,7 +91876,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:61732 +#: book.translate.xml:62787 msgid "" "If using an Apple AirPort Extreme base station for an access " @@ -90138,7 +91889,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61740 +#: book.translate.xml:62795 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -90146,7 +91897,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:61743 +#: book.translate.xml:62798 msgid "" "In general, shared key authentication should be avoided because it uses the " "WEP key material in a highly-constrained manner, making " @@ -90158,12 +91909,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/title -#: book.translate.xml:61756 +#: book.translate.xml:62811 msgid "Getting an IP Address with DHCP" msgstr "使用 DHCP 取得 IP 位址" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:61759 +#: book.translate.xml:62814 msgid "" "Once an access point is selected and the authentication parameters are set, " "an IP address must be obtained in order to communicate. " @@ -90174,18 +91925,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:61772 +#: book.translate.xml:62827 msgid "The wireless interface is now ready to bring up:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61775 +#: book.translate.xml:62830 #, no-wrap msgid "# service netif start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:61777 +#: book.translate.xml:62832 msgid "" "Once the interface is running, use ifconfig8 to see the status of " @@ -90193,7 +91944,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61781 +#: book.translate.xml:62836 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0\n" @@ -90209,7 +91960,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:61792 +#: book.translate.xml:62847 msgid "" "The status: associated line means that it is connected to " "the wireless network. The bssid 00:13:46:49:41:76 is the " @@ -90218,12 +91969,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/title -#: book.translate.xml:61801 +#: book.translate.xml:62856 msgid "Static IP Address" msgstr "靜態 IP 位址" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:61803 +#: book.translate.xml:62858 msgid "" "If an IP address cannot be obtained from a DHCP server, set a fixed IP address. Replace the " @@ -90232,7 +91983,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61810 +#: book.translate.xml:62865 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -90240,12 +91991,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:61816 +#: book.translate.xml:62871 msgid "WPA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:61818 +#: book.translate.xml:62873 msgid "" "Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a security protocol used " "together with 802.11 networks to address the lack of proper authentication " @@ -90266,7 +92017,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:61841 +#: book.translate.xml:62896 msgid "" "WPA defines authentication and encryption protocols. " "Authentication is most commonly done using one of two techniques: by 802.1X " @@ -90280,7 +92031,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:61855 +#: book.translate.xml:62910 msgid "" "The control of the wireless connection and the key negotiation or " "authentication with a server is done using " @@ -90293,12 +92044,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/title -#: book.translate.xml:61864 +#: book.translate.xml:62919 msgid "WPA-PSK" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:61866 +#: book.translate.xml:62921 msgid "" "WPA-PSK, also known as WPA Personal, " "is based on a pre-shared key (PSK) which is generated " @@ -90309,14 +92060,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:61877 +#: book.translate.xml:62932 msgid "" "Always use strong passwords that are sufficiently long and made from a rich " "alphabet so that they will not be easily guessed or attacked." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:61882 +#: book.translate.xml:62937 msgid "" "The first step is the configuration of /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf with the SSID and the pre-shared key of the " @@ -90324,7 +92075,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61887 +#: book.translate.xml:62942 #, no-wrap msgid "" "network={\n" @@ -90334,7 +92085,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:61892 +#: book.translate.xml:62947 msgid "" "Then, in /etc/rc.conf, indicate that the wireless " "device configuration will be done with WPA and the " @@ -90342,8 +92093,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61898 book.translate.xml:62098 book.translate.xml:62192 -#: book.translate.xml:62316 +#: book.translate.xml:62953 book.translate.xml:63153 book.translate.xml:63247 +#: book.translate.xml:63371 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -90351,12 +92102,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:61901 book.translate.xml:62319 +#: book.translate.xml:62956 book.translate.xml:63374 msgid "Then, bring up the interface:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61903 +#: book.translate.xml:62958 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service netif start\n" @@ -90380,14 +92131,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:61922 +#: book.translate.xml:62977 msgid "" "Or, try to configure the interface manually using the information in " "/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61926 +#: book.translate.xml:62981 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf\n" @@ -90398,7 +92149,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:61932 +#: book.translate.xml:62987 msgid "" "The next operation is to launch dhclient8 to get the " @@ -90406,7 +92157,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61936 +#: book.translate.xml:62991 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# dhclient wlan0\n" @@ -90427,7 +92178,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:61953 +#: book.translate.xml:63008 msgid "" "If /etc/rc.conf has an ifconfig_wlan0=\"DHCP" "\" entry, dhclientDHCP is not possible or desired, set a static " "IP address after " @@ -90447,7 +92198,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61965 +#: book.translate.xml:63020 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0\n" @@ -90465,14 +92216,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:61978 +#: book.translate.xml:63033 msgid "" "When DHCP is not used, the default gateway and the " "nameserver also have to be manually set:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61982 +#: book.translate.xml:63037 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# route add default your_default_router\n" @@ -90480,12 +92231,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/title -#: book.translate.xml:61987 +#: book.translate.xml:63042 msgid "WPA with EAP-TLS" msgstr "WPA 加上 EAP-TLS" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:61990 +#: book.translate.xml:63045 msgid "" "The second way to use WPA is with an 802.1X backend " "authentication server. In this case, WPA is called " @@ -90496,7 +92247,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:61999 +#: book.translate.xml:63054 msgid "" "EAP does not come with an encryption method. Instead, " "EAP is embedded inside an encrypted tunnel. There are " @@ -90506,7 +92257,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62007 +#: book.translate.xml:63062 msgid "" "EAP with Transport Layer Security (EAP-TLS) is a well-" "supported wireless authentication protocol since it was the first " @@ -90522,14 +92273,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62024 +#: book.translate.xml:63079 msgid "" "As previously, the configuration is done via /etc/wpa_supplicant." "conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62027 +#: book.translate.xml:63082 #, no-wrap msgid "" "network={\n" @@ -90546,19 +92297,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62041 +#: book.translate.xml:63096 msgid "This field indicates the network name (SSID)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62046 +#: book.translate.xml:63101 msgid "" "This example uses the RSN IEEE 802.11i protocol, also known as WPA2." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62052 +#: book.translate.xml:63107 msgid "" "The key_mgmt line refers to the key management protocol " "to use. In this example, it is WPA using EAPEAP method for the connection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62064 +#: book.translate.xml:63119 msgid "" "The identity field contains the identity string for " "EAP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62070 book.translate.xml:62173 book.translate.xml:62286 +#: book.translate.xml:63125 book.translate.xml:63228 book.translate.xml:63341 msgid "" "The ca_cert field indicates the pathname of the " "CA certificate file. This file is needed to verify the " @@ -90587,7 +92338,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62077 +#: book.translate.xml:63132 msgid "" "The client_cert line gives the pathname to the client " "certificate file. This certificate is unique to each wireless client of the " @@ -90595,31 +92346,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62084 +#: book.translate.xml:63139 msgid "" "The private_key field is the pathname to the client " "certificate private key file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62090 +#: book.translate.xml:63145 msgid "" "The private_key_passwd field contains the passphrase for " "the private key." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62095 +#: book.translate.xml:63150 msgid "Then, add the following lines to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62101 book.translate.xml:62195 +#: book.translate.xml:63156 book.translate.xml:63250 msgid "The next step is to bring up the interface:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62103 +#: book.translate.xml:63158 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service netif start\n" @@ -90641,7 +92392,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62120 +#: book.translate.xml:63175 msgid "" "It is also possible to bring up the interface manually using " "wpa_supplicant8WPA with EAP-TTLS" msgstr "WPA 加上 EAP-TTLS" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62129 +#: book.translate.xml:63184 msgid "" "With EAP-TLS, both the authentication server and the " "client need a certificate. With EAP-TTLS, a client " @@ -90666,14 +92417,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62139 +#: book.translate.xml:63194 msgid "" "The required configuration can be added to /etc/wpa_supplicant." "conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62142 +#: book.translate.xml:63197 #, no-wrap msgid "" "network={\n" @@ -90689,13 +92440,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62155 book.translate.xml:62268 +#: book.translate.xml:63210 book.translate.xml:63323 msgid "" "This field specifies the EAP method for the connection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62160 book.translate.xml:62273 +#: book.translate.xml:63215 book.translate.xml:63328 msgid "" "The identity field contains the identity string for " "EAP authentication inside the encrypted TLSpassword field contains the passphrase for the " "EAP authentication." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62180 +#: book.translate.xml:63235 msgid "" "This field specifies the authentication method used in the encrypted " "TLS tunnel. In this example, EAP with " @@ -90719,12 +92470,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62189 +#: book.translate.xml:63244 msgid "Next, add the following lines to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62197 book.translate.xml:62321 +#: book.translate.xml:63252 book.translate.xml:63376 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service netif start\n" @@ -90747,12 +92498,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/title -#: book.translate.xml:62217 +#: book.translate.xml:63272 msgid "WPA with EAP-PEAP" msgstr "WPA 加上 EAP-PEAP" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:62221 +#: book.translate.xml:63276 msgid "" "PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2 is the most common PEAP method. In this chapter, the term PEAP is used " @@ -90760,7 +92511,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62227 +#: book.translate.xml:63282 msgid "" "Protected EAP (PEAP) is designed as an alternative to " "EAP-TTLS and is the most used EAP " @@ -90770,7 +92521,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62235 +#: book.translate.xml:63290 msgid "" "PEAP is similar to EAP-TTLS as it uses " "a server-side certificate to authenticate clients by creating an encrypted " @@ -90784,14 +92535,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62249 +#: book.translate.xml:63304 msgid "" "Add the following lines to /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf to " "configure the EAP-PEAP related settings:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62254 +#: book.translate.xml:63309 #, no-wrap msgid "" "network={\n" @@ -90808,7 +92559,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62293 +#: book.translate.xml:63348 msgid "" "This field contains the parameters for the first phase of authentication, " "the TLS tunnel. According to the authentication server " @@ -90820,7 +92571,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62305 +#: book.translate.xml:63360 msgid "" "This field specifies the authentication protocol used in the encrypted " "TLS tunnel. In the case of PEAP, it is " @@ -90828,12 +92579,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:62342 +#: book.translate.xml:63397 msgid "WEP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62344 +#: book.translate.xml:63399 msgid "" "Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is part of the original " "802.11 standard. There is no authentication mechanism, only a weak form of " @@ -90841,7 +92592,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62349 +#: book.translate.xml:63404 msgid "" "WEP can be set up using " "ifconfig8# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n" @@ -90858,7 +92609,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:62359 +#: book.translate.xml:63414 msgid "" "The weptxkey specifies which WEP key " "will be used in the transmission. This example uses the third key. This must " @@ -90867,7 +92618,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:62369 +#: book.translate.xml:63424 msgid "" "The wepkey selects one of the WEP " "keys. It should be in the format index:key. Key " @@ -90876,21 +92627,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:62377 +#: book.translate.xml:63432 msgid "" "Replace the 0x3456789012 with the key configured for use " "on the access point." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62384 +#: book.translate.xml:63439 msgid "" "Refer to ifconfig8 for further information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62387 +#: book.translate.xml:63442 msgid "" "The wpa_supplicant8 facility can be used to configure a wireless " @@ -90899,7 +92650,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62393 +#: book.translate.xml:63448 #, no-wrap msgid "" "network={\n" @@ -90911,12 +92662,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62400 +#: book.translate.xml:63455 msgid "Then:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62402 +#: book.translate.xml:63457 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf\n" @@ -90925,12 +92676,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:62410 +#: book.translate.xml:63465 msgid "Ad-hoc Mode" msgstr "對等式 (Ad-hoc)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62412 +#: book.translate.xml:63467 msgid "" "IBSS mode, also called ad-hoc mode, is designed for point " "to point connections. For example, to establish an ad-hoc network between " @@ -90939,12 +92690,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62419 +#: book.translate.xml:63474 msgid "On A:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62421 +#: book.translate.xml:63476 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode adhoc\n" @@ -90961,21 +92712,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62433 +#: book.translate.xml:63488 msgid "" "The adhoc parameter indicates that the interface is " "running in IBSS mode." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62436 +#: book.translate.xml:63491 msgid "" "B should now be able to detect A:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62439 +#: book.translate.xml:63494 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode adhoc\n" @@ -90985,7 +92736,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62444 +#: book.translate.xml:63499 msgid "" "The I in the output confirms that A is in ad-hoc mode. Now, configure B " @@ -90993,7 +92744,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62449 +#: book.translate.xml:63504 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap\n" @@ -91009,19 +92760,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62460 +#: book.translate.xml:63515 msgid "" "Both A and B are now ready " "to exchange information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:62466 +#: book.translate.xml:63521 msgid "FreeBSD Host Access Points" msgstr "FreeBSD 主機存取點" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62468 +#: book.translate.xml:63523 msgid "" "FreeBSD can act as an Access Point (AP) which eliminates " "the need to buy a hardware AP or run an ad-hoc network. " @@ -91030,7 +92781,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62477 +#: book.translate.xml:63532 msgid "" "Before configuring a FreeBSD machine as an AP, the kernel " "must be configured with the appropriate networking support for the wireless " @@ -91039,7 +92790,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:62484 +#: book.translate.xml:63539 msgid "" "The NDIS driver wrapper for Windows drivers does not currently support AP# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n" @@ -91065,7 +92816,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62500 +#: book.translate.xml:63555 msgid "" "This output displays the card's capabilities. The HOSTAP " "word confirms that this wireless card can act as an AP. " @@ -91075,7 +92826,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62508 +#: book.translate.xml:63563 msgid "" "The wireless device can only be put into hostap mode during the creation of " "the network pseudo-device, so a previously created device must be destroyed " @@ -91083,19 +92834,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62512 +#: book.translate.xml:63567 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig wlan0 destroy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62514 +#: book.translate.xml:63569 msgid "" "then regenerated with the correct option before setting the other parameters:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62517 +#: book.translate.xml:63572 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap\n" @@ -91103,7 +92854,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62520 +#: book.translate.xml:63575 msgid "" "Use ifconfig8 again to see the status of the wlan0# ifconfig wlan0\n" @@ -91126,21 +92877,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62533 +#: book.translate.xml:63588 msgid "" "The hostap parameter indicates the interface is running " "in the host-based access point mode." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62537 +#: book.translate.xml:63592 msgid "" "The interface configuration can be done automatically at boot time by adding " "the following lines to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62541 +#: book.translate.xml:63596 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -91149,12 +92900,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:62547 +#: book.translate.xml:63602 msgid "Host-based Access Point Without Authentication or Encryption" msgstr "無認證或加密的 Host-based 存取點" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62550 +#: book.translate.xml:63605 msgid "" "Although it is not recommended to run an AP without any " "authentication or encryption, this is a simple way to check if the " @@ -91163,14 +92914,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62556 +#: book.translate.xml:63611 msgid "" "Once the AP is configured, initiate a scan from another " "wireless machine to find the AP:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62560 +#: book.translate.xml:63615 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n" @@ -91180,14 +92931,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62565 +#: book.translate.xml:63620 msgid "" "The client machine found the AP and can be associated " "with it:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62568 +#: book.translate.xml:63623 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap\n" @@ -91204,12 +92955,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:62582 +#: book.translate.xml:63637 msgid "WPA2 Host-based Access Point" msgstr "WPA2 Host-based 存取點" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62584 +#: book.translate.xml:63639 msgid "" "This section focuses on setting up a FreeBSD access point using the " "WPA2 security protocol. More details regarding " @@ -91218,7 +92969,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62591 +#: book.translate.xml:63646 msgid "" "The hostapd8 daemon is used to deal with client authentication " @@ -91227,7 +92978,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62596 +#: book.translate.xml:63651 msgid "" "The following configuration operations are performed on the FreeBSD machine " "acting as the AP. Once the AP is " @@ -91237,13 +92988,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62603 +#: book.translate.xml:63658 #, no-wrap msgid "hostapd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62605 +#: book.translate.xml:63660 msgid "" "Before trying to configure hostapd8, first configure the " @@ -91251,24 +93002,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:62609 +#: book.translate.xml:63664 msgid "WPA2-PSK" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62611 +#: book.translate.xml:63666 msgid "" "WPA2-PSK is intended for small networks where the use of " "a backend authentication server is not possible or desired." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62615 +#: book.translate.xml:63670 msgid "The configuration is done in /etc/hostapd.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62618 +#: book.translate.xml:63673 #, no-wrap msgid "" "interface=wlan0 \n" @@ -91283,12 +93034,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62630 +#: book.translate.xml:63685 msgid "Wireless interface used for the access point." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62635 +#: book.translate.xml:63690 msgid "" "Level of verbosity used during the execution of " "hostapd8hostapd8 to store domain socket " @@ -91307,19 +93058,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62649 +#: book.translate.xml:63704 msgid "The group allowed to access the control interface files." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62654 +#: book.translate.xml:63709 msgid "" "The wireless network name, or SSID, that will appear in " "wireless scans." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62660 +#: book.translate.xml:63715 msgid "" "Enable WPA and specify which WPA " "authentication protocol will be required. A value of 2 " @@ -91329,26 +93080,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62671 +#: book.translate.xml:63726 msgid "ASCII passphrase for WPA authentication." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:62675 +#: book.translate.xml:63730 msgid "" "Always use strong passwords that are at least 8 characters long and made " "from a rich alphabet so that they will not be easily guessed or attacked." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62683 +#: book.translate.xml:63738 msgid "" "The key management protocol to use. This example sets WPA-PSK." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62689 +#: book.translate.xml:63744 msgid "" "Encryption algorithms accepted by the access point. In this example, only " "the CCMP (AES) cipher is accepted. " @@ -91358,20 +93109,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62702 +#: book.translate.xml:63757 msgid "" "The next step is to start hostapd8:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62704 +#: book.translate.xml:63759 #, no-wrap msgid "# service hostapd forcestart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62706 +#: book.translate.xml:63761 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0\n" @@ -91390,7 +93141,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62720 +#: book.translate.xml:63775 msgid "" "Once the AP is running, the clients can associate with " "it. See for more details. It is " @@ -91399,12 +93150,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:62730 +#: book.translate.xml:63785 msgid "WEP Host-based Access Point" msgstr "WEP Host-based 存取點" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62732 +#: book.translate.xml:63787 msgid "" "It is not recommended to use WEP for setting up an " "AP since there is no authentication mechanism and the " @@ -91414,14 +93165,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62740 +#: book.translate.xml:63795 msgid "" "The wireless device can now be put into hostap mode and configured with the " "correct SSID and IP address:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62744 +#: book.translate.xml:63799 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap\n" @@ -91430,7 +93181,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:62750 +#: book.translate.xml:63805 msgid "" "The weptxkey indicates which WEP key " "will be used in the transmission. This example uses the third key as key " @@ -91439,7 +93190,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:62759 +#: book.translate.xml:63814 msgid "" "The wepkey sets the selected WEP key. " "It should be in the format index:key. If the " @@ -91448,7 +93199,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62768 +#: book.translate.xml:63823 msgid "" "Use ifconfig8 to see the status of the wlan0# ifconfig wlan0\n" @@ -91471,14 +93222,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62781 +#: book.translate.xml:63836 msgid "" "From another wireless machine, it is now possible to initiate a scan to find " "the AP:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62784 +#: book.translate.xml:63839 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n" @@ -91488,7 +93239,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62789 +#: book.translate.xml:63844 msgid "" "In this example, the client machine found the AP and can " "associate with it using the correct parameters. See failover fashion. This type of configuration " @@ -91519,7 +93270,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62810 +#: book.translate.xml:63865 msgid "" "Link aggregation and failover is covered in and an example for using both wired and wireless connections " @@ -91527,14 +93278,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62817 +#: book.translate.xml:63872 msgid "" "This section describes a number of steps to help troubleshoot common " "wireless networking problems." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:62823 +#: book.translate.xml:63878 msgid "" "If the access point is not listed when scanning, check that the " "configuration has not limited the wireless device to a limited set of " @@ -91542,7 +93293,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:62829 +#: book.translate.xml:63884 msgid "" "If the device cannot associate with an access point, verify that the " "configuration matches the settings on the access point. This includes the " @@ -91553,7 +93304,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:62838 +#: book.translate.xml:63893 msgid "" "Debugging support is provided by " "wpa_supplicant8ping# wlandebug -i wlan0 +scan+auth+debug+assoc\n" @@ -91589,7 +93340,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:62861 +#: book.translate.xml:63916 msgid "" "Many useful statistics are maintained by the 802.11 layer and " "wlanstats, found in /usr/src/tools/tools/" @@ -91601,24 +93352,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62872 +#: book.translate.xml:63927 msgid "" "If the above information does not help to clarify the problem, submit a " "problem report and include output from the above tools." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:62880 +#: book.translate.xml:63935 msgid "USB Tethering" msgstr "USB 網路共享" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:62883 +#: book.translate.xml:63938 msgid "tether" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:62887 +#: book.translate.xml:63942 msgid "" "Many cellphones provide the option to share their data connection over USB " "(often called \"tethering\"). This feature uses either the RNDISAndroid devices generally use the " "urndis4Apple devices use the " "ipheth4cdce4 driver." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:62909 +#: book.translate.xml:63964 msgid "Before attaching a device, load the appropriate driver into the kernel:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62912 +#: book.translate.xml:63967 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kldload if_urndis\n" @@ -91665,7 +93416,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:62916 +#: book.translate.xml:63971 msgid "" "Once the device is attached ue0 will be available for use like a normal network device. Be sure " @@ -91673,24 +93424,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:62925 +#: book.translate.xml:63980 msgid "Bluetooth" msgstr "藍牙" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:62928 +#: book.translate.xml:63983 msgid "" " Pav Lucistnik Written by pav@FreeBSD.org" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:62939 +#: book.translate.xml:63994 msgid "Bluetooth" msgstr "藍牙" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:62943 +#: book.translate.xml:63998 msgid "" "Bluetooth is a wireless technology for creating personal networks operating " "in the 2.4 GHz unlicensed band, with a range of 10 meters. Networks are " @@ -91701,7 +93452,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:62952 +#: book.translate.xml:64007 msgid "" "This section describes the use of a USB Bluetooth dongle " "on a FreeBSD system. It then describes the various Bluetooth protocols and " @@ -91709,12 +93460,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:62957 +#: book.translate.xml:64012 msgid "Loading Bluetooth Support" msgstr "載入藍牙支援" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62959 +#: book.translate.xml:64014 msgid "" "The Bluetooth stack in FreeBSD is implemented using the " "netgraph4# kldload ng_ubt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62975 +#: book.translate.xml:64030 msgid "" "If the Bluetooth device will be attached to the system during system " "startup, the system can be configured to load the module at boot time by " @@ -91759,13 +93510,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62980 +#: book.translate.xml:64035 #, no-wrap msgid "ng_ubt_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62982 +#: book.translate.xml:64037 msgid "" "Once the driver is loaded, plug in the USB dongle. If the " "driver load was successful, output similar to the following should appear on " @@ -91773,7 +93524,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62988 +#: book.translate.xml:64043 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ubt0: vendor 0x0a12 product 0x0001, rev 1.10/5.25, addr 2\n" @@ -91783,15 +93534,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62993 +#: book.translate.xml:64048 msgid "" "To start and stop the Bluetooth stack, use its startup script. It is a good " -"idea to stop the stack before unplugging the device. When starting the " -"stack, the output should be similar to the following:" +"idea to stop the stack before unplugging the device. Starting the bluetooth " +"stack might require hcsecd8 to be started. When " +"starting the stack, the output should be similar to the following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62998 +#: book.translate.xml:64054 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service bluetooth start ubt0\n" @@ -91809,17 +93562,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:63013 +#: book.translate.xml:64069 msgid "Finding Other Bluetooth Devices" msgstr "尋找其他藍牙裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:63015 +#: book.translate.xml:64071 msgid "HCI" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63019 +#: book.translate.xml:64075 msgid "" "The Host Controller Interface (HCI) provides a uniform " "method for accessing Bluetooth baseband capabilities. In FreeBSD, a netgraph " @@ -91829,7 +93582,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63025 +#: book.translate.xml:64081 msgid "" "One of the most common tasks is discovery of Bluetooth devices within " "RF proximity. This operation is called inquiry% hccontrol -n ubt0hci inquiry\n" @@ -91859,19 +93612,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63046 +#: book.translate.xml:64102 msgid "" "The BD_ADDR is the unique address of a Bluetooth device, " "similar to the MAC address of a network card. This " "address is needed for further communication with a device and it is possible " -"to assign a human readable name to a BD_ADDR. Information regarding the " -"known Bluetooth hosts is contained in /etc/bluetooth/hosts. The following example shows how to obtain the human readable name " -"that was assigned to the remote device:" +"to assign a human readable name to a BD_ADDR. Information " +"regarding the known Bluetooth hosts is contained in /etc/bluetooth/" +"hosts. The following example shows how to obtain the human " +"readable name that was assigned to the remote device:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63056 +#: book.translate.xml:64112 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% hccontrol -n ubt0hci remote_name_request 00:80:37:29:19:a4\n" @@ -91880,7 +93633,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63060 +#: book.translate.xml:64116 msgid "" "If an inquiry is performed on a remote Bluetooth device, it will find the " "computer as your.host.name (ubt0). The name assigned to the " @@ -91888,25 +93641,54 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63065 +#: book.translate.xml:64121 msgid "" +"Remote devices can be assigned aliases in /etc/bluetooth/hosts. More information about /etc/bluetooth/hosts " +"file might be found in bluetooth.hosts5." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:64126 +msgid "" "The Bluetooth system provides a point-to-point connection between two " "Bluetooth units, or a point-to-multipoint connection which is shared among " -"several Bluetooth devices. The following example shows how to obtain the " -"list of active baseband connections for the local device:" +"several Bluetooth devices. The following example shows how to create a " +"connection to a remote device:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63071 +#: book.translate.xml:64132 #, no-wrap +msgid "% hccontrol -n ubt0hci create_connection BT_ADDR" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:64134 msgid "" +"create_connection accepts BT_ADDR as " +"well as host aliases in /etc/bluetooth/hosts." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:64138 +msgid "" +"The following example shows how to obtain the list of active baseband " +"connections for the local device:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:64141 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" "% hccontrol -n ubt0hci read_connection_list\n" "Remote BD_ADDR Handle Type Mode Role Encrypt Pending Queue State\n" "00:80:37:29:19:a4 41 ACL 0 MAST NONE 0 0 OPEN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63075 +#: book.translate.xml:64145 msgid "" "A connection handle is useful when termination of the " "baseband connection is required, though it is normally not required to do " @@ -91915,7 +93697,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63081 +#: book.translate.xml:64151 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# hccontrol -n ubt0hci disconnect 41\n" @@ -91924,7 +93706,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63085 +#: book.translate.xml:64155 msgid "" "Type hccontrol help for a complete listing of available " "HCI commands. Most of the HCI commands " @@ -91932,12 +93714,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:63092 +#: book.translate.xml:64162 msgid "Device Pairing" msgstr "裝置配對" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63094 +#: book.translate.xml:64164 msgid "" "By default, Bluetooth communication is not authenticated, and any device can " "talk to any other device. A Bluetooth device, such as a cellular phone, may " @@ -91954,7 +93736,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63111 +#: book.translate.xml:64181 msgid "" "The hcsecd8 daemon is responsible for handling Bluetooth " @@ -91965,7 +93747,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63118 +#: book.translate.xml:64188 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device {\n" @@ -91977,7 +93759,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63125 +#: book.translate.xml:64195 msgid "" "The only limitation on PIN codes is length. Some devices, " "such as Bluetooth headsets, may have a fixed PIN code " @@ -91993,7 +93775,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63139 +#: book.translate.xml:64209 msgid "" "The following line can be added to /etc/rc.conf to " "configure hcsecd8hcsecd8 daemon output:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63148 +#: book.translate.xml:64218 #, no-wrap msgid "" "hcsecd[16484]: Got Link_Key_Request event from 'ubt0hci', remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4\n" @@ -92026,12 +93808,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:63157 +#: book.translate.xml:64227 msgid "Network Access with PPP Profiles" -msgstr "使用 PPP Profile 存取網路 " +msgstr "使用 PPP Profile 存取網路" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63160 +#: book.translate.xml:64230 msgid "" "A Dial-Up Networking (DUN) profile can be used to " "configure a cellular phone as a wireless modem for connecting to a dial-up " @@ -92040,7 +93822,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63166 +#: book.translate.xml:64236 msgid "" "Network access with a PPP profile can be used to provide " "LAN access for a single Bluetooth device or multiple " @@ -92050,7 +93832,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63173 +#: book.translate.xml:64243 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, these profiles are implemented with " "ppp8rfcomm_pppd8 is used to open a " @@ -92074,13 +93856,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63188 +#: book.translate.xml:64258 #, no-wrap msgid "# rfcomm_pppd -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4 -c -C dun -l rfcomm-dialup" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63190 +#: book.translate.xml:64260 msgid "" "The actual channel number will be obtained from the remote device using the " "SDP protocol. It is possible to specify the " @@ -92093,7 +93875,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63198 +#: book.translate.xml:64268 msgid "" "In order to provide network access with the PPP " "LAN service, sdpd# rfcomm_pppd -s -C 7 -l rfcomm-server" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:63216 +#: book.translate.xml:64286 msgid "Bluetooth Protocols" msgstr "藍牙通訊協定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63218 +#: book.translate.xml:64288 msgid "" "This section provides an overview of the various Bluetooth protocols, their " "function, and associated utilities." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:63222 +#: book.translate.xml:64292 msgid "Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:63225 +#: book.translate.xml:64295 msgid "L2CAP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63229 +#: book.translate.xml:64299 msgid "" "The Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) " "provides connection-oriented and connectionless data services to upper layer " @@ -92148,7 +93930,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63237 +#: book.translate.xml:64307 msgid "" "L2CAP is based around the concept of channels. A channel is a logical connection on top of a baseband " @@ -92160,7 +93942,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63248 +#: book.translate.xml:64318 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, a netgraph L2CAP node is created for each " "Bluetooth device. This node is normally connected to the downstream " @@ -92172,7 +93954,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63256 +#: book.translate.xml:64326 msgid "" "A useful command is l2ping8, which can be used to " @@ -92182,7 +93964,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63261 +#: book.translate.xml:64331 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# l2ping -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4\n" @@ -92193,7 +93975,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63267 +#: book.translate.xml:64337 msgid "" "The l2control8 utility is used to perform various operations on " @@ -92203,7 +93985,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63273 +#: book.translate.xml:64343 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% l2control -a 00:02:72:00:d4:1a read_channel_list\n" @@ -92217,7 +93999,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63282 +#: book.translate.xml:64352 msgid "" "Another diagnostic tool is btsockstat1. It is similar to " @@ -92229,7 +94011,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63288 +#: book.translate.xml:64358 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% btsockstat\n" @@ -92245,12 +94027,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:63301 +#: book.translate.xml:64371 msgid "Radio Frequency Communication (RFCOMM)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63304 +#: book.translate.xml:64374 msgid "" "The RFCOMM protocol provides emulation of serial ports " "over the L2CAP protocol. RFCOMM is a " @@ -92261,7 +94043,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63313 +#: book.translate.xml:64383 msgid "" "For the purposes of RFCOMM, a complete communication path " "involves two applications running on the communication endpoints with a " @@ -92272,7 +94054,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63322 +#: book.translate.xml:64392 msgid "" "RFCOMM is only concerned with the connection between the " "devices in the direct connect case, or between the device and a modem in the " @@ -92282,24 +94064,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63330 +#: book.translate.xml:64400 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, RFCOMM is implemented at the Bluetooth " "sockets layer." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:63335 +#: book.translate.xml:64405 msgid "Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:63338 +#: book.translate.xml:64408 msgid "SDP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63342 +#: book.translate.xml:64412 msgid "" "The Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) provides the means " "for client applications to discover the existence of services provided by " @@ -92309,7 +94091,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63350 +#: book.translate.xml:64420 msgid "" "SDP involves communication between a SDP server and a SDP client. The server maintains a " @@ -92325,7 +94107,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63365 +#: book.translate.xml:64435 msgid "" "Normally, a SDP client searches for services based on " "some desired characteristics of the services. However, there are times when " @@ -92336,7 +94118,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63374 +#: book.translate.xml:64444 msgid "" "The Bluetooth SDP server, " "sdpd8% sdpcontrol -a 00:01:03:fc:6e:ec browse\n" @@ -92376,7 +94158,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63403 +#: book.translate.xml:64473 msgid "" "Note that each service has a list of attributes, such as the " "RFCOMM channel. Depending on the service, the user might " @@ -92388,13 +94170,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63413 +#: book.translate.xml:64483 #, no-wrap msgid "% sdpcontrol -a 00:01:03:fc:6e:ec search OPUSH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63415 +#: book.translate.xml:64485 msgid "" "Offering services on FreeBSD to Bluetooth clients is done with the " "sdpd8sdpd8 daemon can be started with:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63423 +#: book.translate.xml:64493 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sdpd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63425 +#: book.translate.xml:64495 msgid "" "The local server application that wants to provide a Bluetooth service to " "remote clients will register the service with the local SDPSDP server " "can be obtained by issuing a SDP browse query via the " @@ -92441,23 +94223,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63437 +#: book.translate.xml:64507 #, no-wrap msgid "# sdpcontrol -l browse" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:63441 +#: book.translate.xml:64511 msgid "OBEX Object Push (OPUSH)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:63444 +#: book.translate.xml:64514 msgid "OBEX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63448 +#: book.translate.xml:64518 msgid "" "Object Exchange (OBEX) is a widely used protocol for " "simple file transfers between mobile devices. Its main use is in infrared " @@ -92468,7 +94250,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63457 +#: book.translate.xml:64527 msgid "" "The OBEX server and client are implemented by " "obexapp, which can be installed using the " @@ -92476,7 +94258,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63462 +#: book.translate.xml:64532 msgid "" "The OBEX client is used to push and/or pull objects from " "the OBEX server. An example object is a business card or " @@ -92493,7 +94275,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63478 +#: book.translate.xml:64548 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% obexapp -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4 -C IrMC\n" @@ -92506,7 +94288,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63486 +#: book.translate.xml:64556 msgid "" "In order to provide the OPUSH service, " "sdpd8# obexapp -s -C 10" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:63502 +#: book.translate.xml:64572 msgid "Serial Port Profile (SPP)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63504 +#: book.translate.xml:64574 msgid "" "The Serial Port Profile (SPP) allows Bluetooth devices to " "perform serial cable emulation. This profile allows legacy applications to " @@ -92541,7 +94323,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63510 +#: book.translate.xml:64580 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, rfcomm_sppd1 implements " @@ -92555,7 +94337,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63520 +#: book.translate.xml:64590 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# rfcomm_sppd -a 00:07:E0:00:0B:CA -t\n" @@ -92564,23 +94346,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63524 +#: book.translate.xml:64594 msgid "Once connected, the pseudo tty can be used as serial port:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63527 +#: book.translate.xml:64597 #, no-wrap msgid "# cu -l /dev/pts/6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63529 +#: book.translate.xml:64599 msgid "The pseudo tty is printed on stdout and can be read by wrapper scripts:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63532 +#: book.translate.xml:64602 #, no-wrap msgid "" "PTS=`rfcomm_sppd -a 00:07:E0:00:0B:CA -t`\n" @@ -92588,7 +94370,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63540 +#: book.translate.xml:64610 msgid "" "By default, when FreeBSD is accepting a new connection, it tries to perform " "a role switch and become master. Some older Bluetooth devices which do not " @@ -92599,13 +94381,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63549 +#: book.translate.xml:64619 #, no-wrap msgid "# hccontrol -n ubt0hci write_node_role_switch 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63551 +#: book.translate.xml:64621 msgid "" "To display Bluetooth packets, use the third-party package " "hcidump, which can be installed using the " @@ -92617,29 +94399,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:63562 +#: book.translate.xml:64632 msgid "Bridging" msgstr "橋接" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:63565 book.translate.xml:64026 +#: book.translate.xml:64635 book.translate.xml:65096 msgid "" " Andrew Thompson Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:63575 +#: book.translate.xml:64645 msgid "IP subnet" msgstr "IP 子網段" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:63578 +#: book.translate.xml:64648 msgid "bridge" msgstr "橋接" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:63582 +#: book.translate.xml:64652 msgid "" "It is sometimes useful to divide a network, such as an Ethernet segment, " "into network segments without having to create IP subnets " @@ -92648,7 +94430,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:63589 +#: book.translate.xml:64659 msgid "" "A bridge works by learning the MAC addresses of the " "devices on each of its network interfaces. It forwards traffic between " @@ -92659,17 +94441,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:63597 +#: book.translate.xml:64667 msgid "Bridging can be useful in the following situations:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:63601 +#: book.translate.xml:64671 msgid "Connecting Networks" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63603 +#: book.translate.xml:64673 msgid "" "The basic operation of a bridge is to join two or more network segments. " "There are many reasons to use a host-based bridge instead of networking " @@ -92679,19 +94461,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:63613 +#: book.translate.xml:64683 msgid "Filtering/Traffic Shaping Firewall" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63615 +#: book.translate.xml:64685 msgid "" "A bridge can be used when firewall functionality is needed without routing " "or Network Address Translation (NAT)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63619 +#: book.translate.xml:64689 msgid "" "An example is a small company that is connected via DSL " "or ISDN to an ISP. There are thirteen " @@ -92702,12 +94484,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:63632 +#: book.translate.xml:64702 msgid "Network Tap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63634 +#: book.translate.xml:64704 msgid "" "A bridge can join two network segments in order to inspect all Ethernet " "frames that pass between them using bpfVPN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63645 +#: book.translate.xml:64715 msgid "" "Two Ethernet networks can be joined across an IP link by " "bridging the networks to an EtherIP tunnel or a " @@ -92732,19 +94514,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:63653 +#: book.translate.xml:64723 msgid "Layer 2 Redundancy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63655 +#: book.translate.xml:64725 msgid "" "A network can be connected together with multiple links and use the Spanning " "Tree Protocol (STP) to block redundant paths." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:63662 +#: book.translate.xml:64732 msgid "" "This section describes how to configure a FreeBSD system as a bridge using " "if_bridge4pfil9if_bridge4 is a kernel module " @@ -92782,14 +94564,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63683 +#: book.translate.xml:64753 msgid "" "The bridge is created using interface cloning. To create the bridge " "interface:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63686 +#: book.translate.xml:64756 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig bridge create\n" @@ -92803,7 +94585,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63695 +#: book.translate.xml:64765 msgid "" "When a bridge interface is created, it is automatically assigned a randomly " "generated Ethernet address. The maxaddr and " @@ -92814,7 +94596,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63704 +#: book.translate.xml:64774 msgid "" "Next, specify which network interfaces to add as members of the bridge. For " "the bridge to forward packets, all member interfaces and the bridge need to " @@ -92822,7 +94604,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63708 +#: book.translate.xml:64778 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig bridge0 addm fxp0 addm fxp1 up\n" @@ -92831,7 +94613,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63712 +#: book.translate.xml:64782 msgid "" "The bridge can now forward Ethernet frames between fxp0 " "and fxp1. Add the following lines to /etc/rc." @@ -92839,7 +94621,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63717 +#: book.translate.xml:64787 #, no-wrap msgid "" "cloned_interfaces=\"bridge0\"\n" @@ -92849,7 +94631,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63722 +#: book.translate.xml:64792 msgid "" "If the bridge host needs an IP address, set it on the " "bridge interface, not on the member interfaces. The address can be set " @@ -92858,13 +94640,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63728 +#: book.translate.xml:64798 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig bridge0 inet 192.168.0.1/24" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63730 +#: book.translate.xml:64800 msgid "" "It is also possible to assign an IPv6 address to a bridge " "interface. To make the changes permanent, add the addressing information to " @@ -92872,7 +94654,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:63736 +#: book.translate.xml:64806 msgid "" "When packet filtering is enabled, bridged packets will pass through the " "filter inbound on the originating interface on the bridge interface, and " @@ -92882,7 +94664,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:63743 +#: book.translate.xml:64813 msgid "" "The bridge has several configurable settings for passing non-IP and IP packets, and layer2 firewalling with " @@ -92892,12 +94674,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:63751 +#: book.translate.xml:64821 msgid "Enabling Spanning Tree" msgstr "開啟 Spanning Tree" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63753 +#: book.translate.xml:64823 msgid "" "For an Ethernet network to function properly, only one active path can exist " "between two devices. The STP protocol detects loops and " @@ -92907,7 +94689,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63761 +#: book.translate.xml:64831 msgid "" "The Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP or 802.1w) " "provides backwards compatibility with legacy STP. " @@ -92919,7 +94701,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63770 +#: book.translate.xml:64840 msgid "" "STP can be enabled on member interfaces using " "ifconfig8# ifconfig bridge0 stp fxp0 stp fxp1\n" @@ -92947,7 +94729,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63788 +#: book.translate.xml:64858 msgid "" "This bridge has a spanning tree ID of 00:01:02:4b:d4:50 " "and a priority of 32768. As the root idSTP enabled:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63797 +#: book.translate.xml:64867 #, no-wrap msgid "" "bridge0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n" @@ -92977,7 +94759,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63809 +#: book.translate.xml:64879 msgid "" "The line root id 00:01:02:4b:d4:50 priority 32768 ifcost 400000 " "port 4 shows that the root bridge is 00:01:02:4b:d4:50ifconfig parameters are unique to bridge " "interfaces. This section summarizes some common uses for these parameters. " @@ -93002,12 +94784,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:63827 +#: book.translate.xml:64897 msgid "private" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63829 +#: book.translate.xml:64899 msgid "" "A private interface does not forward any traffic to any other port that is " "also designated as a private interface. The traffic is blocked " @@ -93017,12 +94799,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:63840 +#: book.translate.xml:64910 msgid "span" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63842 +#: book.translate.xml:64912 msgid "" "A span port transmits a copy of every Ethernet frame received by the bridge. " "The number of span ports configured on a bridge is unlimited, but if an " @@ -93034,18 +94816,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63852 +#: book.translate.xml:64922 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig bridge0 span fxp4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:63857 +#: book.translate.xml:64927 msgid "sticky" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63859 +#: book.translate.xml:64929 msgid "" "If a bridge member interface is marked as sticky, dynamically learned " "address entries are treated as static entries in the forwarding cache. " @@ -93057,7 +94839,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63869 +#: book.translate.xml:64939 msgid "" "An example of using sticky addresses is to combine the bridge with " "VLANs in order to isolate customer networks without " @@ -93069,7 +94851,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63878 +#: book.translate.xml:64948 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig bridge0 addm vlan100 sticky vlan100 addm vlan101 sticky vlan101\n" @@ -93077,7 +94859,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63881 +#: book.translate.xml:64951 msgid "" "In this example, both clients see 192.168.0.1 as their default gateway. Since the bridge cache " @@ -93086,20 +94868,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63887 +#: book.translate.xml:64957 msgid "" "Any communication between the VLANs can be blocked using " "a firewall or, as seen in this example, private interfaces:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63891 +#: book.translate.xml:64961 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig bridge0 private vlan100 private vlan101" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63893 +#: book.translate.xml:64963 msgid "" "The customers are completely isolated from each other and the full " "/24 address range can be " @@ -93107,7 +94889,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63897 +#: book.translate.xml:64967 msgid "" "The number of unique source MAC addresses behind an " "interface can be limited. Once the limit is reached, packets with unknown " @@ -93116,7 +94898,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63903 +#: book.translate.xml:64973 msgid "" "The following example sets the maximum number of Ethernet devices for " "CustomerA on " @@ -93124,13 +94906,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63907 +#: book.translate.xml:64977 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig bridge0 ifmaxaddr vlan100 10" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63912 +#: book.translate.xml:64982 msgid "" "Bridge interfaces also support monitor mode, where the packets are discarded " "after bpf4# ifconfig bridge0 addm fxp0 addm fxp1 addm fxp2 addm fxp3 monitor up\n" @@ -93152,12 +94934,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:63926 +#: book.translate.xml:64996 msgid "SNMP Monitoring" msgstr "SNMP 監視" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63928 +#: book.translate.xml:64998 msgid "" "The bridge interface and STP parameters can be monitored " "via bsnmpd1/etc/" "snmpd.config by removing the beginning # " @@ -93176,13 +94958,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63939 +#: book.translate.xml:65009 #, no-wrap msgid "begemotSnmpdModulePath.\"bridge\" = \"/usr/lib/snmp_bridge.so\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63941 +#: book.translate.xml:65011 msgid "" "Other configuration settings, such as community names and access lists, may " "need to be modified in this file. See bsnmpdbsnmpd1:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63951 +#: book.translate.xml:65021 #, no-wrap msgid "# service bsnmpd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63953 +#: book.translate.xml:65023 msgid "" "The following examples use the Net-SNMP software " "(net-mgmt/net-snmp) to query a bridge from a client " @@ -93224,7 +95006,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63963 +#: book.translate.xml:65033 #, no-wrap msgid "" "mibdirs +/usr/share/snmp/mibs\n" @@ -93232,12 +95014,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63966 +#: book.translate.xml:65036 msgid "To monitor a single bridge using the IETF BRIDGE-MIB (RFC4188):" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63969 +#: book.translate.xml:65039 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% snmpwalk -v 2c -c public bridge1.example.com mib-2.dot1dBridge\n" @@ -93259,7 +95041,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63986 +#: book.translate.xml:65056 msgid "" "The dot1dStpTopChanges.0 value is two, indicating that " "the STP bridge topology has changed twice. A topology " @@ -93270,14 +95052,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63994 +#: book.translate.xml:65064 msgid "" "To monitor multiple bridge interfaces, the private BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB can be " "used:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63997 +#: book.translate.xml:65067 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% snmpwalk -v 2c -c public bridge1.example.com\n" @@ -93298,14 +95080,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64013 +#: book.translate.xml:65083 msgid "" "To change the bridge interface being monitored via the mib-2." "dot1dBridge subtree:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64016 +#: book.translate.xml:65086 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% snmpset -v 2c -c private bridge1.example.com\n" @@ -93313,42 +95095,42 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:64023 +#: book.translate.xml:65093 msgid "Link Aggregation and Failover" msgstr "Link Aggregation 與容錯移轉" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64036 +#: book.translate.xml:65106 msgid "lagg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64039 +#: book.translate.xml:65109 msgid "failover" msgstr "容錯移轉" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64042 +#: book.translate.xml:65112 msgid "FEC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64045 +#: book.translate.xml:65115 msgid "LACP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64048 +#: book.translate.xml:65118 msgid "loadbalance" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64051 +#: book.translate.xml:65121 msgid "roundrobin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:64055 +#: book.translate.xml:65125 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides the lagg4 interface which can be " @@ -93361,7 +95143,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:64065 +#: book.translate.xml:65135 msgid "" "The aggregation protocols supported by the lagg interface determine which " "ports are used for outgoing traffic and whether or not a specific port " @@ -93371,12 +95153,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64072 +#: book.translate.xml:65142 msgid "failover" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64074 +#: book.translate.xml:65144 msgid "" "This mode sends and receives traffic only through the master port. If the " "master port becomes unavailable, the next active port is used. The first " @@ -93387,12 +95169,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64086 +#: book.translate.xml:65156 msgid "fec / loadbalance" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64088 +#: book.translate.xml:65158 msgid "" "Cisco Fast EtherChannel (FEC) is found on " @@ -93403,12 +95185,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64098 +#: book.translate.xml:65168 msgid "lacp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64100 +#: book.translate.xml:65170 msgid "" "The IEEE 802.3ad Link " "Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) negotiates a set of " @@ -93422,7 +95204,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64114 +#: book.translate.xml:65184 msgid "" "LACP balances outgoing traffic across the active ports " "based on hashed protocol header information and accepts incoming traffic " @@ -93433,12 +95215,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64126 +#: book.translate.xml:65196 msgid "roundrobin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64128 +#: book.translate.xml:65198 msgid "" "This mode distributes outgoing traffic using a round-robin scheduler through " "all active ports and accepts incoming traffic from any active port. Since " @@ -93446,12 +95228,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:64138 +#: book.translate.xml:65208 msgid "Configuration Examples" msgstr "設定範例" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64140 +#: book.translate.xml:65210 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to configure a Cisco switch and a FreeBSD system for LACP " @@ -93461,7 +95243,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:64148 +#: book.translate.xml:65218 msgid "" "LACP Aggregation with a Cisco Switch" @@ -93470,7 +95252,7 @@ "LACP Aggregation" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64151 +#: book.translate.xml:65221 msgid "" "This example connects two fxp4 Ethernet interfaces on " @@ -93483,7 +95265,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64160 +#: book.translate.xml:65230 msgid "" "Frame ordering is mandatory on Ethernet links and any traffic between two " "stations always flows over the same physical link, limiting the maximum " @@ -93493,7 +95275,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64168 +#: book.translate.xml:65238 msgid "" "On the Cisco switch, add the " "FastEthernet0/1 and FastEthernet0/2interface FastEthernet0/1\n" @@ -93514,7 +95296,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64181 +#: book.translate.xml:65251 msgid "" "On the FreeBSD system, create the lagg4 interface using the " @@ -93524,7 +95306,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64188 +#: book.translate.xml:65258 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig fxp0 up\n" @@ -93534,12 +95316,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64193 +#: book.translate.xml:65263 msgid "Next, verify the status of the virtual interface:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64195 +#: book.translate.xml:65265 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig lagg0\n" @@ -93555,7 +95337,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64206 +#: book.translate.xml:65276 msgid "" "Ports marked as ACTIVE are part of the LAG that has been negotiated with the remote switch. Traffic will be " @@ -93564,14 +95346,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64214 +#: book.translate.xml:65284 msgid "" "To see the port status on the Cisco switch:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64216 +#: book.translate.xml:65286 #, no-wrap msgid "" "switch# show lacp neighbor\n" @@ -93590,19 +95372,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64230 +#: book.translate.xml:65300 msgid "For more detail, type show lacp neighbor detail." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64233 +#: book.translate.xml:65303 msgid "" "To retain this configuration across reboots, add the following entries to " "/etc/rc.conf on the FreeBSD system:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64237 +#: book.translate.xml:65307 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ifconfig_fxp0=\"up\"\n" @@ -93612,12 +95394,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:64244 +#: book.translate.xml:65314 msgid "Failover Mode" msgstr "容錯移轉模式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64246 +#: book.translate.xml:65316 msgid "" "Failover mode can be used to switch over to a secondary interface if the " "link is lost on the master interface. To configure failover, make sure that " @@ -93630,7 +95412,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64256 +#: book.translate.xml:65326 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig fxp0 up\n" @@ -93640,12 +95422,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64261 book.translate.xml:64350 +#: book.translate.xml:65331 book.translate.xml:65420 msgid "The virtual interface should look something like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64264 +#: book.translate.xml:65334 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig lagg0\n" @@ -93661,7 +95443,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64275 +#: book.translate.xml:65345 msgid "" "Traffic will be transmitted and received on fxp0. " "If the link is lost on fxp0, fxp1/etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64286 +#: book.translate.xml:65356 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ifconfig_fxp0=\"up\"\n" @@ -93687,12 +95469,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:64293 +#: book.translate.xml:65363 msgid "Failover Mode Between Ethernet and Wireless Interfaces" msgstr "乙太網路與無線介面間的容錯移轉模式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64296 +#: book.translate.xml:65366 msgid "" "For laptop users, it is usually desirable to configure the wireless device " "as a secondary which is only used when the Ethernet connection is not " @@ -93704,14 +95486,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64304 +#: book.translate.xml:65374 msgid "" "This is achieved by overriding the physical wireless interface's " "MAC address with that of the Ethernet interface." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64308 +#: book.translate.xml:65378 msgid "" "In this example, the Ethernet interface, bge0, is " "the master and the wireless interface, wlan0, is " @@ -93722,7 +95504,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64318 +#: book.translate.xml:65388 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig bge0\n" @@ -93736,7 +95518,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64327 +#: book.translate.xml:65397 msgid "" "Replace bge0 to match the system's Ethernet " "interface name. The ether line will contain the " @@ -93745,26 +95527,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64334 +#: book.translate.xml:65404 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig iwn0 ether 00:21:70:da:ae:37" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64336 +#: book.translate.xml:65406 msgid "" "Bring the wireless interface up, but do not set an IP " "address:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64339 +#: book.translate.xml:65409 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev iwn0 ssid my_router up" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64341 +#: book.translate.xml:65411 msgid "" "Make sure the bge0 interface is up, then create " "the lagg4# ifconfig bge0 up\n" @@ -93782,7 +95564,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64353 +#: book.translate.xml:65423 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig lagg0\n" @@ -93797,20 +95579,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64363 +#: book.translate.xml:65433 msgid "" "Then, start the DHCP client to obtain an IP address:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64366 +#: book.translate.xml:65436 #, no-wrap msgid "# dhclient lagg0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64372 +#: book.translate.xml:65442 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ifconfig_bge0=\"up\"\n" @@ -93822,36 +95604,36 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:64384 +#: book.translate.xml:65454 msgid "Diskless Operation with PXE" msgstr "PXE 無磁碟作業" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:64387 +#: book.translate.xml:65457 msgid "" " Jean-François Dockès " " Updated by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:64396 +#: book.translate.xml:65466 msgid "" " Alex Dupre Reorganized and enhanced by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64406 +#: book.translate.xml:65476 msgid "diskless workstation" msgstr "無磁碟工作站" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64409 +#: book.translate.xml:65479 msgid "diskless operation" msgstr "無磁碟作業" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:64413 +#: book.translate.xml:65483 msgid "" "The Intel Preboot eXecution " "Environment (PXE) allows an operating system to boot over " @@ -93865,7 +95647,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:64424 +#: book.translate.xml:65494 msgid "" "In order to provide the files needed for an operating system to boot over " "the network, a PXE setup also requires properly " @@ -93874,7 +95656,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64432 +#: book.translate.xml:65502 msgid "" "Initial parameters, such as an IP address, executable " "boot filename and location, server name, and root path are obtained from the " @@ -93882,18 +95664,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64439 +#: book.translate.xml:65509 msgid "" "The operating system loader file is booted using TFTP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64444 +#: book.translate.xml:65514 msgid "The file systems are loaded using NFS." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:64449 +#: book.translate.xml:65519 msgid "" "When a computer PXE boots, it receives information over " "DHCP about where to obtain the initial boot loader file. " @@ -93906,7 +95688,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:64460 +#: book.translate.xml:65530 msgid "" "This section describes how to configure these services on a FreeBSD system " "so that other systems can PXE boot into FreeBSD. Refer to " @@ -93915,25 +95697,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: caution/para -#: book.translate.xml:64466 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "As described, the system providing these services is insecure. It should " "live in a protected area of a network and be untrusted by other hosts." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:64473 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Setting Up the PXE Environment" msgstr "設定 PXE 環境" #. (itstool) path: affiliation/address -#: book.translate.xml:64483 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "rodrigc@FreeBSD.org" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:64477 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" " Craig Rodrigues <_:address-1/> Written by " @@ -93941,7 +95723,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64490 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The steps shown in this section configure the built-in NFS and TFTP servers. The next section demonstrates " @@ -93954,14 +95736,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:64504 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Create the root directory which will contain a FreeBSD installation to be " "NFS mounted:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64507 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# export NFSROOTDIR=/b/tftpboot/FreeBSD/install\n" @@ -93969,38 +95751,38 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:64512 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Enable the NFS server by adding this line to /" "etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64515 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "nfs_server_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:64519 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Export the diskless root directory via NFS by adding the " "following to /etc/exports:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64523 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "/b -ro -alldirs -maproot=root" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:64527 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Start the NFS server:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:64533 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Enable inetd8 by adding the following line to /etc/rc." @@ -94008,20 +95790,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:64540 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Uncomment the following line in /etc/inetd.conf by " "making sure it does not start with a # symbol:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64544 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/libexec/tftpd tftpd -l -s /b/tftpboot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:64547 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Some PXE versions require the TCP " "version of TFTP. In this case, uncomment the second " @@ -94029,14 +95811,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:64556 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Start inetd8:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:64562 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Install the base system into ${NFSROOTDIR}, either by " "decompressing the official archives or by rebuilding the FreeBSD kernel and " @@ -94047,14 +95829,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:64575 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Test that the TFTP server works and can download the boot " "loader which will be obtained via PXE:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64579 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# tftp localhost\n" @@ -94063,14 +95845,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:64585 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Edit ${NFSROOTDIR}/etc/fstab and create an entry to " "mount the root file system over NFS:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64589 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Device Mountpoint FSType Options Dump Pass\n" @@ -94078,7 +95860,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:64592 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Replace myhost.example.com with the hostname or " "IP address of the NFS server. In this " @@ -94088,14 +95870,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:64601 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Set the root password in the PXE environment for client " "machines which are PXE booting :" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64605 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chroot ${NFSROOTDIR}\n" @@ -94103,7 +95885,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:64610 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "If needed, enable ssh1 root logins for client " @@ -94115,7 +95897,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:64619 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Perform any other needed customizations of the PXE " "environment in ${NFSROOTDIR}. These customizations " @@ -94125,7 +95907,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64627 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "When booting from an NFS root volume, /etc/rc detects the NFS boot and runs /etc/rc." @@ -94136,7 +95918,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64636 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chroot ${NFSROOTDIR}\n" @@ -94146,7 +95928,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64641 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "When the system boots, memory file systems for /etc and " "/var will be created and mounted and the contents of " @@ -94161,17 +95943,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:64658 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Configuring the DHCP Server" msgstr "設定 DHCP 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64660 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "DHCP diskless operation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64665 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The DHCP server does not need to be the same machine as " "the TFTP and NFS server, but it needs " @@ -94179,14 +95961,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64670 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "DHCP is not part of the FreeBSD base system but can be " "installed using the net/isc-dhcp43-server port or package." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64675 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Once installed, edit the configuration file, /usr/local/etc/dhcpd." "conf. Configure the next-server, " @@ -94195,7 +95977,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64682 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {\n" @@ -94219,14 +96001,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64712 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The next-server directive is used to specify the " "IP address of the TFTP server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64716 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The filename directive defines the path to /" "boot/pxeboot. A relative filename is used, meaning that " @@ -94234,37 +96016,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64721 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The root-path option defines the path to the " "NFS root file system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64724 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Once the edits are saved, enable DHCP at boot time by " "adding the following line to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64728 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "dhcpd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64730 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Then start the DHCP service:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:64854 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Debugging PXE Problems" msgstr "PXE 問題除錯" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64856 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Once all of the services are configured and started, PXE " "clients should be able to automatically load FreeBSD over the network. If a " @@ -94274,7 +96056,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64863 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "This section describes some troubleshooting tips for isolating the source of " "the configuration problem should no clients be able to PXEnet/wireshark package or port to debug the " "network traffic involved during the PXE booting process, " @@ -94290,7 +96072,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:64875 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "PXE Booting Process with NFS Root Mount" msgstr "" @@ -94301,18 +96083,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:64888 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='advanced-networking/pxe-nfs' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:64892 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Client broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER message." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:64896 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The DHCP server responds with the IP " "address, next-server, filename, and " @@ -94320,21 +96102,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:64903 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The client sends a TFTP request to next-server, asking to retrieve filename." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:64909 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The TFTP server responds and sends filename to client." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:64914 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The client executes filename, which is " "pxeboot8TFTP server, read /var/log/xferlog to ensure that pxeboot is being retrieved " @@ -94352,7 +96134,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64935 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# tftp 192.168.0.1\n" @@ -94361,7 +96143,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:64939 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The BUGS sections in tftpd8 and " @@ -94370,46 +96152,46 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:64945 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Make sure that the root file system can be mounted via NFS. To test this example configuration:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64949 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount -t nfs 192.168.0.1:/b/tftpboot/FreeBSD/install /mnt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:64957 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "IPv6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:64960 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" " Aaron Kaplan Originally Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:64969 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes Restructured and Added by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:64978 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" " Brad Davis Extended by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:64988 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "IPv6 is the new version of the well known IP protocol, also known as IPv4. IPv6RFC2462)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65021 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Mandatory multicast addresses." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65025 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Built-in IPsec (IP security)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65030 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Simplified header structure." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65034 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Support for mobile IP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65038 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "IPv6-to-IPv4 transition mechanisms." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:65043 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "FreeBSD includes the http://www." "kame.net/ IPv6 reference implementation and comes " @@ -94480,34 +96262,34 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:65050 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Background on IPv6 Addresses" msgstr "IPv6 位址的背景知識" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65052 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "There are three different types of IPv6 addresses:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:65057 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Unicast" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65059 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "A packet sent to a unicast address arrives at the interface belonging to the " "address." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:65065 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Anycast" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65067 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "These addresses are syntactically indistinguishable from unicast addresses " "but they address a group of interfaces. The packet destined for an anycast " @@ -94516,12 +96298,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:65076 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Multicast" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65078 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "These addresses identify a group of interfaces. A packet destined for a " "multicast address will arrive at all interfaces belonging to the multicast " @@ -94531,7 +96313,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65089 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "When reading an IPv6 address, the canonical form is " "represented as x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x, where each " @@ -94540,7 +96322,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65096 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Often, an address will have long substrings of all zeros. A :: (double colon) can be used to replace one substring per address. " @@ -94551,7 +96333,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65104 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "A third form is to write the last 32 bits using the well known " "IPv4 notation. For example, 2002::10.0.0.1IPv6 address, use " "ifconfig8# ifconfig" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65117 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "rl0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n" @@ -94587,7 +96369,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65124 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "In this example, the rl0 interface is using " "fe80::200:21ff:fe03:8e1%rl0, an auto-configured " @@ -94596,184 +96378,184 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65129 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Some IPv6 addresses are reserved. A summary of these " "reserved addresses is seen in :" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:65133 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Reserved IPv6 Addresses" msgstr "已保留的 IPv6 位址" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65138 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "IPv6 address" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65139 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Prefixlength (Bits)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65147 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "::" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65148 book.translate.xml:65156 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "128 bits" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65149 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "unspecified" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65150 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Equivalent to 0.0.0.0 in " "IPv4." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65155 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "::1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65157 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "loopback address" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65158 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Equivalent to 127.0.0.1 in " "IPv4." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65163 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "::00:xx:xx:xx:xx" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65164 book.translate.xml:65172 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "96 bits" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65165 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "embedded IPv4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65166 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "The lower 32 bits are the compatible IPv4 address." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65171 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "::ff:xx:xx:xx:xx" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65173 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "IPv4 mapped IPv6 address" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65175 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The lower 32 bits are the IPv4 address for hosts which do " "not support IPv6." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65181 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "fe80::/10" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65182 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "10 bits" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65183 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "link-local" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65184 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Equivalent to 169.254.0.0/16 in IPv4." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65189 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "fc00::/7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65190 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "7 bits" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65191 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "unique-local" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65192 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Unique local addresses are intended for local communication and are only " "routable within a set of cooperating sites." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65198 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "ff00::" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65199 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "8 bits" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65200 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "multicast" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65205 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "2000::-3fff:: " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65206 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "3 bits" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65207 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "global unicast" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65208 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "All global unicast addresses are assigned from this pool. The first 3 bits " "are 001." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65216 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "For further information on the structure of IPv6 " "addresses, refer to IPv6" msgstr "設定 IPv6" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65223 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "To configure a FreeBSD system as an IPv6 client, add " "these two lines to rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65227 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ifconfig_rl0_ipv6=\"inet6 accept_rtadv\"\n" @@ -94801,20 +96583,16 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65230 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The first line enables the specified interface to receive router " "advertisement messages. The second line enables the router solicitation " "daemon, rtsol8." msgstr "" -"此結果代表 /usr/src/ 已在版本控制系統的管控下並且可以使" -"用 svn1 來更新：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65234 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "If the interface needs a statically assigned IPv6 " "address, add an entry to specify the static address and associated prefix " @@ -94822,57 +96600,57 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65238 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "ifconfig_rl0_ipv6=\"inet6 2001:db8:4672:6565:2026:5043:2d42:5344 prefixlen 64\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65240 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "To assign a default router, specify its address:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65242 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "ipv6_defaultrouter=\"2001:db8:4672:6565::1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:65246 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Connecting to a Provider" msgstr "連線到 Provider" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65248 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "In order to connect to other IPv6 networks, one must have " "a provider or a tunnel that supports IPv6:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65254 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Contact an Internet Service Provider to see if they offer IPv6." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65259 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Hurricane Electric " "offers tunnels with end-points all around the globe." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:65266 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Install the net/freenet6 package or port for a dial-up " "connection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65270 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to take the directions from a tunnel provider " "and convert them into /etc/rc.conf settings that will " @@ -94880,20 +96658,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65275 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The first /etc/rc.conf entry creates the generic " "tunneling interface gif0:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65279 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "cloned_interfaces=\"gif0\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65281 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Next, configure that interface with the IPv4 addresses of " "the local and remote endpoints. Replace MY_IPv4_ADDRMY_IPv4_ADDR REMOTE_IPv4_ADDR\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65289 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "To apply the IPv6 address that has been assigned for use " "as the IPv6 tunnel endpoint, add this line, replacing " @@ -94917,13 +96695,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65295 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "ifconfig_gif0_ipv6=\"inet6 MY_ASSIGNED_IPv6_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65297 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Then, set the default route for the other side of the IPv6 tunnel. Replace MY_IPv6_REMOTE_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDRMY_IPv6_REMOTE_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65305 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "If the FreeBSD system will route IPv6 packets between the " "rest of the network and the world, enable the gateway using this line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65309 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "ipv6_gateway_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:65313 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Router Advertisement and Host Auto Configuration" msgstr "Router Advertisement 與 Host Auto Configuration" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65315 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to setup rtadvd8 to advertise the " @@ -94963,7 +96741,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65318 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "To enable rtadvd8, add the following to /etc/rc.confIPv6 router advertisement. For example, to tell " "rtadvd8 to use rl0:" msgstr "" -"要在開機時啟動的 Jail 應加入到 rc.conf5 檔案中：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65328 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "rtadvd_interfaces=\"rl0\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65330 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Next, create the configuration file, /etc/rtadvd.conf " "as seen in this example:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65334 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "rl0:\\\n" @@ -95010,7 +96785,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65337 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Replace rl0 with the interface to be used and " "2001:db8:1f11:246:: with the prefix of the " @@ -95018,7 +96793,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65341 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "For a dedicated /64 subnet, " "nothing else needs to be changed. Otherwise, change the prefixlen#IPv6 and IPv6 Address Mapping" msgstr "IPv6 與 IPv6 位址對應表" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65350 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "When IPv6 is enabled on a server, there may be a need to " "enable IPv4 mapped IPv6 address " @@ -95042,7 +96817,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65359 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "This option may not be required in most cases and is available only for " "compatibility. This option will allow IPv6-only " @@ -95053,13 +96828,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65368 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "ipv6_ipv4mapping=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65370 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Reviewing the information in RFC 3493, section 3.6 and " "3.7 as well as RFC 4038 section 4.2 may be useful to some " @@ -95539,9 +97314,8 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 -#, fuzzy msgid "For an interface named video, use the following:" -msgstr "驅動程式名稱：radeon" +msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95551,13 +97325,10 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "To apply the changes at boot time, add the following lines to /etc/" "rc.conf:" msgstr "" -"要在開機時啟動 Samba，可加入下行到 /etc/" -"rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95703,54 +97474,53 @@ "\"mirrors-primary-ftp\">Primary Mirror Sites, Armenia, Australia, " "Austria, Brazil, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, New Zealand, " -"Norway, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia, South Africa, " -"Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, " -"USA." +"ftp\">Brazil, Czech Republic, " +"Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, " +"Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, " +"Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, " +"Ukraine, United Kingdom, USA." msgstr "" "中央伺服器、主要鏡像站、亞美尼亞 " "(Armenia)、澳洲 (Australia)、" "奧地利 (Austria)、巴西 (Brazil)、中" -"國 (China)、捷克 (Czech Republic)、丹麥 (Denmark)、愛沙尼亞 (Estonia)、芬蘭 (Finland)、法國 (France)、德國 (Germany)、希臘 (Greece)、香" -"港 (Hong Kong)、愛爾蘭 (Ireland)、日本 (Japan)、韓國 (Korea)、拉脫" -"維亞 (Latvia)、立陶宛 (Lithuania)、荷蘭 (Netherlands)、紐西蘭 (New Zealand)、挪威 (Norway)、波" -"蘭 (Poland)、俄羅斯 (Russia)、" -"沙烏地阿拉伯 (Saudi Arabia)、斯洛維尼亞 (Slovenia)、南非 (South Africa)、西班牙 (Spain)、瑞典 (Sweden)、瑞士 (Switzerland)、台灣 (Taiwan)、烏克蘭 (Ukraine)、英國 (United " -"Kingdom)、美國 (USA)。" +"\"mirrors-br-ftp\">巴西 (Brazil)、捷" +"克 (Czech Republic)、丹麥 (Denmark)、愛沙尼亞 (Estonia)、芬蘭 (Finland)、法國 (France)、德國 (Germany)、希臘 (Greece)、香港 (Hong Kong)、" +"愛爾蘭 (Ireland)、日本 (Japan)、韓國 (Korea)、拉脫維亞 (Latvia)、立陶宛 (Lithuania)、荷蘭 " +"(Netherlands)、紐西蘭 (New Zealand)、挪威 (Norway)、波蘭 (Poland)、俄" +"羅斯 (Russia)、沙烏地阿拉伯 (Saudi " +"Arabia)、斯洛維尼亞 (Slovenia)、南非 (South Africa)、西班牙 (Spain)、瑞典 (Sweden)、瑞士 " +"(Switzerland)、台灣 (Taiwan)、" +"烏克蘭 (Ukraine)、英國 (United Kingdom)、美國 (USA)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -95990,27 +97760,6 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "China" -msgstr "中國 (China)" - -#. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "" -"In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@cn." -"FreeBSD.org for this domain." -msgstr "" -"若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@cn.FreeBSD.org。" - -#. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "" -"ftp://ftp.cn." -"FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp)" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Czech Republic" msgstr "捷克 (Czech Republic)" @@ -97165,10 +98914,10 @@ "Python or Perl API is needed, or if a later version of " "Subversion is desired." msgstr "" -"svnlite 為輕量化版的 Subversion，會隨 FreeBSD 安裝。Subversion 的 " -"Port 或套件版本僅在要使用其 Python 或 Perl API 或想要使用" -"最新版本 Subversion 時才需安裝，" +"輕量化版的 Subversion svnlite " +"已會隨 FreeBSD 安裝。Port 或套件版的 Subversion 僅" +"在要使用其 Python 或 Perl API 時需要，或是新想要使用最新版" +"本 Subversion 時才需要。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -97452,7 +99201,6 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "These sites make FreeBSD available through the rsync protocol. The " "rsync utility transfers only the differences " @@ -97462,12 +99210,10 @@ "rsync port or use the package." msgstr "" "這些站台讓 FreeBSD 可透過 rsync 通訊協定取得。rsync 工具運作的方式類似 rcp1 指令，但有更多的選項可" -"用，且使用 rsync 遠端更新協定，該協定只會傳輸兩個檔案集之間的差異，所以能夠大" -"大的加快在網路上同步的速度，這對大多數 FreeBSD FTP 伺服器" -"的鏡像站非常有用。rsync 在許多作業系統上也可以使" -"用，在 FreeBSD 上請參考 net/rsync Port 或使用套件。" +"application> 工具只會傳輸兩個檔案集之間的差異，所以能夠大大的加快在網路上同步" +"的速度，這對大多數 FreeBSD FTP 伺服器的鏡像站非常有用。" +"rsync 在許多作業系統上也可以使用，在 FreeBSD 上請" +"參考 net/rsync Port 或使用套件。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: listitem/para @@ -98335,15 +100081,6 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" -"Planet FreeBSD " -"offers an aggregation feed of dozens of blogs written by FreeBSD developers. " -"Many developers use this to post quick notes about what they are working on, " -"new patches, and other works in progress." -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "" "The BSDConferences YouTube Channel provides a collection of high " "quality videos from BSD conferences around the world. This is a great way to " @@ -98618,18 +100355,15 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:65535 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "freebsd-women" msgstr "" -"https://www.FreeBSD.org/" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:65535 -#, fuzzy msgid "FreeBSD advocacy for women" -msgstr "FreeBSD 開機選單" +msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -98782,12 +100516,10 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 -#, fuzzy msgid "" "dev-" "ci" msgstr "" -"https://www.FreeBSD.org/" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -98806,9 +100538,8 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:65535 -#, fuzzy msgid "Notifications of the FreeBSD review system" -msgstr "展示給您看如何在您的 FreeBSD 系統中執行 Linux 應用軟體。" +msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term @@ -99203,8 +100934,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry +#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" +"freebsd-kde" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: row/entry +#: book.translate.xml:65535 +#, fuzzy +msgid "" +"Porting KDE and KDE " +"applications" +msgstr "" +"MPlayer 與 MEncoder" + +#. (itstool) path: row/entry +#: book.translate.xml:65535 +msgid "" "freebsd-lfs" msgstr "" @@ -99302,7 +101050,22 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #: book.translate.xml:65535 +#, fuzzy msgid "" +"freebsd-ocaml" +msgstr "" +"https://www.FreeBSD.org/" + +#. (itstool) path: row/entry +#: book.translate.xml:65535 +msgid "FreeBSD-specific OCaml discussions" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: row/entry +#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term +#: book.translate.xml:65535 +msgid "" "freebsd-office" msgstr "" @@ -100951,13 +102714,6 @@ "be rejected by the mailing list server." msgstr "" -#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "" -"freebsd-kde" -msgstr "" - #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "KDE" @@ -101038,6 +102794,21 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 +#, fuzzy +msgid "FreeBSD-specific OCaml discussions" +msgstr "斜體字" + +#. (itstool) path: listitem/para +#: book.translate.xml:65535 +msgid "" +"This is a list for discussions related to the OCaml support on FreeBSD. This " +"is a technical mailing list. It is for individuals working on OCaml ports, " +"3rd party libraries and frameworks. Individuals interested in the technical " +"discussion are also welcome." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: listitem/para +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Office applications on FreeBSD" msgstr "" @@ -104210,3 +105981,312 @@ "Leslie Lamport 的 LaTeX 或 Sebastian Rahtz 的 " "JadeTeX 巨集套件的重要貢獻，本文件的印刷版本將無以" "完成。" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Wikipedia also maintains a list of products based on " +#~ "FreeBSD." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "還有許多的應用。維基百科也維護了一份 以 FreeBSD 為基礎的" +#~ "產品。" + +#~ msgid "Partitioning Choices on FreeBSD 9.x" +#~ msgstr "FreeBSD 9.x 的磁碟分割選項" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The installation of KDE includes the KDE " +#~ "Display Manager, KDM. To enable this display " +#~ "manager, add this line to /etc/rc.conf:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "KDE 的安裝包含了 KDE Display Manager, " +#~ "KDM，要開啟這個顯示管理程式，需加入下行到 " +#~ "/etc/rc.conf：" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Sample splash screen files can be downloaded from the gallery at http://artwork." +#~ "freebsdgr.org. By installing the sysutils/bsd-splash-" +#~ "changer package or port, a random splash image from a " +#~ "collection will display at boot." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "範例啟動畫面檔可到位於 http://artwork.freebsdgr.org 的圖庫下載。安裝 " +#~ "sysutils/bsd-splash-changer 套件或 Port，可以在開機時隨" +#~ "機顯示圖片集中的啟動畫面。" + +#~ msgid "FreeBSD as a Host with VirtualBox" +#~ msgstr "以 FreeBSD 作為主端安裝 VirtualBox " + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "FreeBSD does not provide a built-in LDAP server. Begin " +#~ "the configuration by installing the net/openldap24-" +#~ "server package or port. Since the port has many configurable " +#~ "options, it is recommended that the default options are reviewed to see " +#~ "if the package is sufficient, and to instead compile the port if any " +#~ "options should be changed. In most cases, the defaults are fine. However, " +#~ "if SQL support is needed, this option must be enabled and the port " +#~ "compiled using the instructions in ." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "FreeBSD 並未提供內建的 LDAP 伺服器，因此要從安裝 " +#~ "net/openldap24-server 套件或 Port 開始設" +#~ "置。由於 Port 有許多可以設定的選項，建議安裝套件使用預設的選項，若選項必須" +#~ "做修改才改用編譯 Port 的方式安裝，大多數的案例皆可使用預設值。然而，若需要" +#~ "支援 SQL，則必須開啟選項並依 的指示編譯 " +#~ "Port。" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Then, edit /usr/local/etc/openldap/ldap.conf and add " +#~ "the following lines:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "接著編輯 /usr/local/etc/openldap/ldap.conf 然後加入下" +#~ "行：" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "While editing this file, uncomment the following entries and set them to " +#~ "the desired values: , , " +#~ " and . Set the " +#~ " to contain and " +#~ ". Then, add two entries pointing to the " +#~ "certificate authority. When finished, the entries should look similar to " +#~ "the following:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "在編輯這個檔案的時候，取消註解以下項目然後設定這些項目使用實際要使用的數" +#~ "值：, , 。設定 要包含 " +#~ " 及 。然後加入兩個項目指" +#~ "向憑証機構。完成之後，所有的設定項目會如下：" + +#~ msgid "The default password for the server should then be changed:" +#~ msgstr "給伺服器用的預設密碼應該要更換：" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "This command will prompt for the password and, if the process does not " +#~ "fail, a password hash will be added to the end of slapd.conf. Several hashing formats are supported. Refer to the manual " +#~ "page for slappasswd for more information." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "這個指令會提示輸入密碼，若程序沒有失敗，便會將編碼過的密碼加到 " +#~ "slapd.conf 的最後。支援的編碼格式有許多種，請參考 " +#~ "slappasswd 的操作手冊以取得更多資訊。" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Next, edit /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.conf and " +#~ "add the following lines:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "接著編輯 /usr/local/etc/openldap/slapd.conf 並加入下" +#~ "行：" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The in this file must be updated to match the " +#~ " used in /usr/local/etc/openldap/ldap." +#~ "conf and should also be set. A " +#~ "recommended value for is something like " +#~ ". Before saving this file, place the " +#~ " in front of the password output from " +#~ "slappasswd and delete the old . " +#~ "The end result should look similar to this:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "在這個設定檔的 必須更新為與在 /usr/" +#~ "local/etc/openldap/ldap.conf 及 使用的 " +#~ " 相同。 建議的值為 " +#~ "。在儲存這個檔案之前，將 。最後的結果應該如下：" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Finally, enable the OpenLDAP service in " +#~ "/etc/rc.conf and set the URI:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "最後，在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟 OpenLDAP 服務並設定 URI：" + +#~ msgid "At this point the server can be started and tested:" +#~ msgstr "此時便可啟動並測試伺服器：" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "If everything is configured correctly, a search of the directory should " +#~ "show a successful connection with a single response as in this example:" +#~ msgstr "若所有的設定均正確，搜尋目錄應會如此範例顯示成功連線並有一筆回應：" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "If the command fails and the configuration looks correct, stop the " +#~ "slapd service and restart it with debugging options:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "若指令失敗且設定看起來沒有問題，可先停止 slapd 服務並開" +#~ "啟除錯選項並重新啟動：" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Once the service is responding, the directory can be populated using " +#~ "ldapadd. In this example, a file containing this list " +#~ "of users is first created. Each user should use the following format:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "服務有回應之後，便可使用 ldapadd 匯入資料到目錄。在此例" +#~ "中，會先建立一個含有使用者清單的檔案，每位使用者應使用以下格式定義：" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "To import this file, specify the file name. The following command will " +#~ "prompt for the password specified earlier and the output should look " +#~ "something like this:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "要匯入這個檔案，可指定檔案名稱。以下指令會提示輸入先前設定過的密碼然後輸入" +#~ "如下的結果：" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Verify the data was added by issuing a search on the server using " +#~ "ldapsearch:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "使用 ldapsearch 發出一個查詢到伺服器來確認資料已新增：" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "At this point, the server should be configured and functioning properly." +#~ msgstr "此時，伺服器應已設定完成並可正常運作。" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "FreeBSD includes ntpd8 which can be " +#~ "configured to query other NTP servers in order to " +#~ "synchronize the clock on that machine or to provide time services to " +#~ "other computers in the network. The servers which are queried can be " +#~ "local to the network or provided by an ISP. In " +#~ "addition, an online list of publicly accessible NTP " +#~ "servers is available. When choosing a public NTP server, select one that is geographically close and review its " +#~ "usage policy." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "FreeBSD 內建 ntpd8 可以設定來查詢其他 " +#~ "NTP 伺服器來同步在該主機的時間或者提供時間服務給其他在" +#~ "網路上的電腦，查詢的伺服器可以為在網路上的本地主機或者由 ISP 提供。除此之外也有 開放存取的 NTP 伺服器線上清單，當要使用開放的 NTP 伺服器，請選擇地理位置較近的" +#~ "並檢查該服務的使用方針。" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Choosing several NTP servers is recommended in case " +#~ "one of the servers becomes unreachable or its clock proves unreliable. As " +#~ "ntpd receives responses, it favors reliable " +#~ "servers over the less reliable ones." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "建議選擇多個 NTP 伺服器，以避免萬一某一台伺服器無法連" +#~ "線，或者該伺服器的時間變的不可靠，當 ntpd 收到" +#~ "回應，會自動先選擇可靠的伺服器。" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "This application reads /etc/ntp.conf to determine " +#~ "which NTP servers to query. Here is a simple example " +#~ "of an /etc/ntp.conf:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "該應用程式會讀取 /etc/ntp.conf 來得知要查詢那一個 " +#~ "NTP 伺服器，這裡有一個簡單的 /etc/ntp.conf 範例：" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The format of this file is described in ntp." +#~ "conf5. The " +#~ "server option specifies which servers to query, with " +#~ "one server listed on each line. If a server entry includes " +#~ "prefer, that server is preferred over other servers. A " +#~ "response from a preferred server will be discarded if it differs " +#~ "significantly from other servers' responses; otherwise it will be used. " +#~ "The prefer argument should only be used for " +#~ "NTP servers that are known to be highly accurate, such " +#~ "as those with special time monitoring hardware." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "這個檔案的格式在 ntp.conf5 有說明，" +#~ "server 選項設定了要查詢那一些伺服器，每一行列一個伺服" +#~ "器。若伺服項目中含有 prefer，則會較偏好使用該伺服器。從" +#~ "偏好伺服器收到的回應若明顯與他伺服器的回應差異過大則會被放棄，否則都會以偏" +#~ "好的伺服器為主。prefer 參數只應用在已知高度準確的 " +#~ "NTP 伺服器上，例如那些有特別在監控時間的硬體。" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "The driftfile entry specifies which file is used to " +#~ "store the system clock's frequency offset. ntpd uses this to automatically compensate for the clock's " +#~ "natural drift, allowing it to maintain a reasonably correct setting even " +#~ "if it is cut off from all external time sources for a period of time. " +#~ "This file also stores information about previous responses from " +#~ "NTP servers. Since this file contains internal " +#~ "information for NTP, it should not be modified." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "driftfile 項目用來指定要使用那一個檔案儲存系統時間的頻" +#~ "率偏移量，ntpd 會使用這個檔來自動補償時間的自然" +#~ "偏移，讓時間即始在切斷所有外部時間來源一段時間時仍能夠保持合理的設定值。這" +#~ "個檔案也會儲存有關前次由 NTP 伺服器收到的回應，由於這個" +#~ "檔案包含供 NTP 使用的內部資訊，所以不應手動修改。" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "By default, an NTP server is accessible to any network " +#~ "host. The restrict option in /etc/ntp.conf can be used to control which systems can access the server. For " +#~ "example, to deny all machines from accessing the NTP " +#~ "server, add the following line to /etc/ntp.conf:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "預設，NTP 伺服器是開放給任何網路主機存取的，在 " +#~ "/etc/ntp.conf 中的 restrict 選項可" +#~ "以用來控制那些系統可以存取該伺服器。例如，要拒絕所有主機的存取，可加入下行" +#~ "到 /etc/ntp.conf：" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "This will also prevent access from other NTP servers. " +#~ "If there is a need to synchronize with an external NTP " +#~ "server, allow only that specific server. Refer to " +#~ "ntp.conf5 for more information." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "這將會避免其他 NTP 伺服器的存取，若有需要與一個外部 " +#~ "NTP 伺服器同步，則可以只允許該伺服器。請參考 " +#~ "ntp.conf5 來取得更多資訊。" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "To allow machines within the network to synchronize their clocks with the " +#~ "server, but ensure they are not allowed to configure the server or be " +#~ "used as peers to synchronize against, instead use:" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "要允許在網路內的主機與伺服器同步時間，但要確保這些主機不允許設定伺服器或者" +#~ "被這些主機當作同輩的主機相互同步，可改使用：" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "where 192.168.1.0 is the " +#~ "local network address and 255.255.255.0 is the network's subnet mask." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "其中 192.168.1.0 是本地網路的" +#~ "位址，而 255.255.255.0 是網路的" +#~ "子遮罩。" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Multiple restrict entries are supported. For more " +#~ "details, refer to the Access Control Support " +#~ "subsection of ntp.conf5." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "也支援多個 restrict 項目，要取得詳細的資料，請參考 " +#~ "ntp.conf5 的 Access Control Support 子" +#~ "章節。" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "More information about porting PF to FreeBSD " +#~ "can be found at http://pf4freebsd.love2party.net/." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "更多有關移植 PF 到 FreeBSD 的資訊可至 http://pf4freebsd." +#~ "love2party.net/ 取得。" + +#~ msgid "China" +#~ msgstr "中國 (China)" + +#~ msgid "" +#~ "In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster hostmaster@cn." +#~ "FreeBSD.org for this domain." +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "若有任何問題，請聯絡此區域的主機管理者 hostmaster@cn.FreeBSD.org。"