Index: handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml
===================================================================
--- handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml
+++ handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml
@@ -2209,8 +2209,7 @@
Debugging messages can be enabled in the 802.11 protocol
support layer using &man.wlandebug.8;. On a &os; system
prior to &os; 9.1, this program can be found in
- /usr/src/tools/tools/net80211.
+ /usr/src/tools/tools/net80211.
For example, to enable console messages related to
scanning for access points and the 802.11 protocol
handshakes required to arrange communication:
@@ -2219,8 +2218,8 @@
net.wlan.0.debug: 0 => 0xc80000<assoc,auth,scan>
Many useful statistics are maintained by the 802.11
- layer and wlanstats, found in /usr/src/tools/tools/net80211,
+ layer and wlanstats, found in
+ /usr/src/tools/tools/net80211,
will dump this information. These statistics should
display all errors identified by the 802.11 layer.
However, some errors are identified in the device drivers
Index: handbook/basics/chapter.xml
===================================================================
--- handbook/basics/chapter.xml
+++ handbook/basics/chapter.xml
@@ -532,10 +532,9 @@
The home directory is the full path to a directory
on the system. This is the user's starting directory
when the user logs in. A common convention is to put
- all user home directories under /home/username
- or /usr/home/username.
+ all user home directories under
+ /home/username
+ or /usr/home/username.
Each user stores their personal files and
subdirectories in their own home directory.
@@ -1784,16 +1783,14 @@
Local executables and libraries. Also used as
the default destination for the &os; ports framework.
Within
- /usr/local, the
+ /usr/local, the
general layout sketched out by &man.hier.7; for
- /usr should be
+ /usr should be
used. Exceptions are the man directory, which is
- directly under /usr/local rather than
- under /usr/local/share, and
- the ports documentation is in share/doc/port.
+ directly under /usr/local rather than
+ under /usr/local/share, and
+ the ports documentation is in
+ share/doc/port.
Index: handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml
===================================================================
--- handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml
+++ handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml
@@ -564,8 +564,8 @@
&prompt.root; cd /cdrom/X.Y-RELEASE/kernels
&prompt.root; ./install.sh GENERIC
- Replace X.Y-RELEASE
+ Replace
+ X.Y-RELEASE
with the version of the release being used. The
GENERIC kernel will be installed in
/boot/GENERIC by default.
@@ -1418,10 +1418,9 @@
If the build world process has previously been run on
this system, a copy of the previous build may still exist
- in /usr/obj. To
- speed up the new build world process, and possibly save
- some dependency headaches, remove this directory if it
- already exists:
+ in /usr/obj. To speed up the new build
+ world process, and possibly save some dependency headaches,
+ remove this directory if it already exists:&prompt.root; chflags -R noschg /usr/obj/*
&prompt.root; rm -rf /usr/obj
@@ -1430,8 +1429,7 @@
Compile the new compiler and a few related tools, then
use the new compiler to compile the rest of the new world.
- The result is saved to /usr/obj.
+ The result is saved to /usr/obj.&prompt.root; cd /usr/src
&prompt.root; make buildworld
@@ -1438,9 +1436,8 @@
- Use the new compiler residing in /usr/obj to build the new
- kernel, in order to protect against compiler-kernel
+ Use the new compiler residing in /usr/obj
+ to build the new kernel, in order to protect against compiler-kernel
mismatches. This is necessary, as certain memory
structures may have changed, and programs like
ps and top will fail
@@ -1512,10 +1509,9 @@
/var and /usr,
with new or changed configuration files. The next step is
to perform some initial configuration file updates
- to /etc in
- preparation for the new world. The following command
- compares only those files that are essential for the
- success of installworld. For
+ to /etc in preparation for the new world.
+ The following command compares only those files that are essential
+ for the success of installworld. For
instance, this step may add new groups, system accounts,
or startup scripts which have been added to &os; since the
last update. This is necessary so that the
@@ -1529,7 +1525,7 @@
Install the new world and system binaries from
- /usr/obj.
+ /usr/obj.&prompt.root; cd /usr/src
&prompt.root; make installworld
@@ -2051,7 +2047,7 @@
- Can /usr/obj
+ Can /usr/obj
be removed when finished?
@@ -2113,21 +2109,20 @@
Careful file system design or the use of ZFS
datasets can make a difference. Consider putting
- /usr/src and
- /usr/obj on
+ /usr/src and
+ /usr/obj on
separate file systems. If possible, place the file
systems on separate disks on separate disk controllers.
- When mounting /usr/src, use
+ When mounting /usr/src, use
which prevents the file system
- from recording the file access time. If /usr/src is not on its
- own file system, consider remounting /usr with
+ from recording the file access time. If
+ /usr/src is not on its
+ own file system, consider remounting
+ >/usr with
.
- The file system holding /usr/obj can be mounted
+ The file system holding
+ /usr/obj can be mounted
or remounted with so that disk
writes happen asynchronously. The write completes
immediately, and the data is written to the disk a few
@@ -2251,8 +2246,8 @@
/etc/make.conf, and the build machine
should list them all in its KERNCONF,
listing its own kernel first. The build machine must have the
- kernel configuration files for each machine in its /usr/src/sys/arch/conf.
+ kernel configuration files for each machine in its
+ /usr/src/sys/arch/conf.On the build machine, build the kernel and world as
described in , but do not install
Index: handbook/disks/chapter.xml
===================================================================
--- handbook/disks/chapter.xml
+++ handbook/disks/chapter.xml
@@ -478,8 +478,8 @@
system is to be mounted. This directory needs to be owned by
the user that is to mount the file system. One way to do that
is for root to
- create a subdirectory owned by that user as /mnt/username.
+ create a subdirectory owned by that user as
+ /mnt/username.
In the following example, replace
username with the login name of the
user and usergroup with the user's
@@ -3215,8 +3215,8 @@
dedicated hard drive /dev/ad6 of the same
size for HAST operation. The
HAST pool, sometimes referred to as a
- resource or the GEOM provider in /dev/hast/, will be called
+ resource or the GEOM provider in
+ /dev/hast/, will be called
test.Configuration of HAST is done using
Index: handbook/firewalls/chapter.xml
===================================================================
--- handbook/firewalls/chapter.xml
+++ handbook/firewalls/chapter.xml
@@ -1308,8 +1308,8 @@
Install the mail/spamd package
or port. In order to use
spamd's greylisting
- features, &man.fdescfs.5; must be mounted at /dev/fd. Add the
+ features, &man.fdescfs.5; must be mounted at
+ /dev/fd. Add the
following line to
/etc/fstab:
@@ -2794,8 +2794,7 @@
match a packet is a pass, if there is a
later matching rule that is a block, the
packet will be dropped. Sample rulesets can be found in
- /usr/share/examples/ipfilter.
+ /usr/share/examples/ipfilter.When creating rules, a # character is
used to mark the start of a comment and may appear at the end
Index: handbook/install/chapter.xml
===================================================================
--- handbook/install/chapter.xml
+++ handbook/install/chapter.xml
@@ -581,8 +581,7 @@
Memory stick images for
&os; 8.X can be downloaded
- from the ISO-IMAGES/ directory at
+ from the ISO-IMAGES/ directory at
ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/arch/ISO-IMAGES/version/&os;-version-RELEASE-arch-memstick.img.
Replace arch and
version with the architecture
@@ -703,8 +702,7 @@
version number to install.The floppy images have a .flp
- extension. floppies/ contains a number
+ extension. floppies/ contains a number
of different images. Download
boot.flp as well as the number of
files associated with the type of installation, such as
@@ -1809,8 +1807,8 @@
this convention is not necessary, but
&man.sysinstall.8; uses it, so following it makes the
installation slightly cleaner. This filesystem can be
- mounted anywhere; this example mounts it as /diskn,
+ mounted anywhere; this example mounts it as
+ /diskn,
where n is a number that
changes for each disk.
Index: handbook/jails/chapter.xml
===================================================================
--- handbook/jails/chapter.xml
+++ handbook/jails/chapter.xml
@@ -277,15 +277,13 @@
Selecting a location for a jail is the best starting
point. This is where the jail will physically reside within
the file system of the jail's host. A good choice can be
- /usr/jail/jailname,
+ /usr/jail/jailname,
where jailname is the hostname
identifying the jail. The
- /usr/ file system
- usually has enough space for the jail file system, which for
- complete jails is, essentially, a replication
- of every file present in a default installation of the &os;
- base system.
+ /usr/ file system usually has enough space
+ for the jail file system, which for complete jails
+ is, essentially, a replication of every file present in a default
+ installation of the &os; base system.
@@ -307,10 +305,10 @@
make installs every needed
configuration file. In simple words, it installs every
installable file of
- /usr/src/etc/ to the
- /etc directory of the
+ /usr/src/etc/ to the
+ /etc directory of the
jail environment:
- $D/etc/.
+ $D/etc/.
@@ -830,12 +828,10 @@
The
jail_name_rootdir
variable is set to
- /usr/home instead
- of /home because
- the physical path of /home on a default &os;
- installation is /usr/home. The
+ /usr/home instead
+ of /home because
+ the physical path of /home on a default &os;
+ installation is /usr/home. The
jail_name_rootdir
variable must not be set to a path
which includes a symbolic link, otherwise the jails will
Index: handbook/linuxemu/chapter.xml
===================================================================
--- handbook/linuxemu/chapter.xml
+++ handbook/linuxemu/chapter.xml
@@ -378,24 +378,23 @@
fonts to be installed locally. This means that these fonts
need to be copied from the CDROM or from a host with
&mathematica; installed to the
- local machine. These fonts are normally stored in /cdrom/Unix/Files/SystemFiles/Fonts
- on the CDROM, or /usr/local/mathematica/SystemFiles/Fonts
+ local machine. These fonts are normally stored in
+ >/cdrom/Unix/Files/SystemFiles/Fonts
+ on the CDROM, or
+ /usr/local/mathematica/SystemFiles/Fonts
on the hard drive. The actual fonts are in the subdirectories
- Type1 and
- X. There are several
+ Type1 and
+ X. There are several
ways to use them, as described below.The first way is to copy the fonts into one of the
- existing font directories in /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts then
+ existing font directories in
+ /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts then
running &man.mkfontdir.1; within the directory containing the
new fonts.The second way to do this is to copy the directories to
- /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts:
+ /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts:
&prompt.root; cd /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts
&prompt.root; mkdir X
@@ -420,12 +419,10 @@
fonts
- If /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/Type1
- does not already exist, change the name of the MathType1 directory in the
- example above to Type1.
+ If /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/Type1
+ does not already exist, change the name of the
+ MathType1 directory in the
+ example above to Type1.
-->
@@ -472,8 +469,7 @@
script from the product distribution. Choose the
RedHat option when prompted by the
installation program. A typical installation directory
- might be /usr/local/maple.
+ might be /usr/local/maple.
Copy the license to
@@ -774,8 +770,7 @@
Place the following startup script in
- /usr/local/bin/matlab:
+ /usr/local/bin/matlab:#!/bin/sh
/compat/linux/bin/sh /compat/linux/usr/local/matlab/bin/matlab "$@"
@@ -1024,7 +1019,7 @@
Installing &oracle;Before starting the installer, create a directory named
- /var/tmp/.oracle which
+ /var/tmp/.oracle which
is owned by the oracle user. The
installation of &oracle; should
work without any problems. If errors are encountered, check
@@ -1055,7 +1050,7 @@
some actions, which need to be performed as
root, are recorded in a shell script
called root.sh. This script is
- found in orainst.
+ found in orainst.
Apply the following patch to root.sh
so that it can find the &os; location of
chown. Alternatively, run the script
@@ -1082,7 +1077,7 @@
If &oracle; is not installed
from CD, patch the source for root.sh.
It is called rthd.sh and is located in
- orainst in the source
+ orainst in the source
tree.
@@ -1202,10 +1197,10 @@
&linux; mode dynamically reroots
lookups. This is, in effect, equivalent to the
option to file system mounts. First, an
- attempt is made to lookup the file in /compat/linux/original-path.
- If that fails, the lookup is done in /original-path.
+ attempt is made to lookup the file in
+ /compat/linux/original-path.
+ If that fails, the lookup is done in
+ /original-path.
This makes sure that binaries that require other binaries can
run. For example, the &linux; toolchain can all run under
&linux; ABI support. It also means that the
Index: handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml
===================================================================
--- handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml
+++ handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml
@@ -955,9 +955,8 @@
this directory, &man.autofs.5; looks up the corresponding
remote mount and automatically mounts it. For instance, an
attempt to access a file within
- /net/foobar/usr would tell
- &man.automountd.8; to mount the /usr export from the host
+ /net/foobar/usr would tell &man.automountd.8;
+ to mount the /usr export from the host
foobar.
@@ -976,9 +975,8 @@
The output from showmount shows
- /usr as an export.
- When changing directories to /host/foobar/usr,
+ /usr as an export.
+ When changing directories to /host/foobar/usr,
&man.automountd.8; intercepts the request and attempts to
resolve the hostname foobar. If successful,
@@ -4485,8 +4483,8 @@
Apache installation.
Binaries are stored in the bin and
sbin subdirectories of the server
- root and configuration files are stored in the etc/apache2x
+ root and configuration files are stored in the
+ etc/apache2x
subdirectory.
Index: handbook/ports/chapter.xml
===================================================================
--- handbook/ports/chapter.xml
+++ handbook/ports/chapter.xml
@@ -197,15 +197,11 @@
&a.ports; and the &a.ports-bugs;.
- Before installing any application, check http://vuxml.freebsd.org/
- for security issues related to the application or install
- ports-mgmt/portaudit. Once installed, type
- portaudit -F -a to check all installed
- applications for known vulnerabilities. When
- pkg is being used the audit
- functionality is built in. Execute pkg audit
- -F to get a report on vulnerable packages.
+ Before installing any application, check
+ for security issues related to the application or type
+ pkg audit -F to check all installed
+ applications for known vulnerabilities.The remainder of this chapter explains how to use packages
@@ -1116,16 +1112,13 @@
Collection as described in the previous section. Since
the installation of any third-party software can introduce
security vulnerabilities, it is recommended to first check
- http://vuxml.freebsd.org/
+
for known security issues related to the port. Alternately,
- if ports-mgmt/portaudit is installed, run
- portaudit -F before installing a new
+ run pkg audit -F before installing a new
port. This command can be configured to automatically
perform a security audit and an update of the vulnerability
database during the daily security system check. For more
- information, refer to the manual page for
- portaudit and
+ information, refer to &man.pkg-audit.8; and
&man.periodic.8;.
@@ -1644,8 +1637,7 @@
compilation and reduce build times for frequently-compiled code.
It may be convenient to put
poudriere datasets in an isolated
- tree mounted at /poudriere. Defaults for the
+ tree mounted at /poudriere. Defaults for the
other configuration values are adequate.
The number of processor cores detected is used to define how
@@ -1725,8 +1717,7 @@
The basic configuration shown here puts a single jail-,
port-, and set-specific make.conf in
- /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d.
+ /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d.
The filename in this example is created by combining the jail
name, port name, and set name:
10amd64-local-workstation-make.conf.
Index: handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml
===================================================================
--- handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml
+++ handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml
@@ -580,8 +580,7 @@
pchilds:*:1011:300:Peter Childs PPP:/home/ppp:/etc/ppp/ppp-dialup
- Create a /home/ppp directory that
+ Create a /home/ppp directory that
is world readable containing the following 0 byte
files: