Index: handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml =================================================================== --- handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml +++ handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml @@ -2209,8 +2209,7 @@ Debugging messages can be enabled in the 802.11 protocol support layer using &man.wlandebug.8;. On a &os; system prior to &os; 9.1, this program can be found in - /usr/src/tools/tools/net80211. + /usr/src/tools/tools/net80211. For example, to enable console messages related to scanning for access points and the 802.11 protocol handshakes required to arrange communication: @@ -2219,8 +2218,8 @@ net.wlan.0.debug: 0 => 0xc80000<assoc,auth,scan> Many useful statistics are maintained by the 802.11 - layer and wlanstats, found in /usr/src/tools/tools/net80211, + layer and wlanstats, found in + /usr/src/tools/tools/net80211, will dump this information. These statistics should display all errors identified by the 802.11 layer. However, some errors are identified in the device drivers Index: handbook/basics/chapter.xml =================================================================== --- handbook/basics/chapter.xml +++ handbook/basics/chapter.xml @@ -532,10 +532,9 @@ The home directory is the full path to a directory on the system. This is the user's starting directory when the user logs in. A common convention is to put - all user home directories under /home/username - or /usr/home/username. + all user home directories under + /home/username + or /usr/home/username. Each user stores their personal files and subdirectories in their own home directory. @@ -1784,16 +1783,14 @@ Local executables and libraries. Also used as the default destination for the &os; ports framework. Within - /usr/local, the + /usr/local, the general layout sketched out by &man.hier.7; for - /usr should be + /usr should be used. Exceptions are the man directory, which is - directly under /usr/local rather than - under /usr/local/share, and - the ports documentation is in share/doc/port. + directly under /usr/local rather than + under /usr/local/share, and + the ports documentation is in + share/doc/port. Index: handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml =================================================================== --- handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml +++ handbook/cutting-edge/chapter.xml @@ -564,8 +564,8 @@ &prompt.root; cd /cdrom/X.Y-RELEASE/kernels &prompt.root; ./install.sh GENERIC - Replace X.Y-RELEASE + Replace + X.Y-RELEASE with the version of the release being used. The GENERIC kernel will be installed in /boot/GENERIC by default. @@ -1418,10 +1418,9 @@ If the build world process has previously been run on this system, a copy of the previous build may still exist - in /usr/obj. To - speed up the new build world process, and possibly save - some dependency headaches, remove this directory if it - already exists: + in /usr/obj. To speed up the new build + world process, and possibly save some dependency headaches, + remove this directory if it already exists: &prompt.root; chflags -R noschg /usr/obj/* &prompt.root; rm -rf /usr/obj @@ -1430,8 +1429,7 @@ Compile the new compiler and a few related tools, then use the new compiler to compile the rest of the new world. - The result is saved to /usr/obj. + The result is saved to /usr/obj. &prompt.root; cd /usr/src &prompt.root; make buildworld @@ -1438,9 +1436,8 @@ - Use the new compiler residing in /usr/obj to build the new - kernel, in order to protect against compiler-kernel + Use the new compiler residing in /usr/obj + to build the new kernel, in order to protect against compiler-kernel mismatches. This is necessary, as certain memory structures may have changed, and programs like ps and top will fail @@ -1512,10 +1509,9 @@ /var and /usr, with new or changed configuration files. The next step is to perform some initial configuration file updates - to /etc in - preparation for the new world. The following command - compares only those files that are essential for the - success of installworld. For + to /etc in preparation for the new world. + The following command compares only those files that are essential + for the success of installworld. For instance, this step may add new groups, system accounts, or startup scripts which have been added to &os; since the last update. This is necessary so that the @@ -1529,7 +1525,7 @@ Install the new world and system binaries from - /usr/obj. + /usr/obj. &prompt.root; cd /usr/src &prompt.root; make installworld @@ -2051,7 +2047,7 @@ - Can /usr/obj + Can /usr/obj be removed when finished? @@ -2113,21 +2109,20 @@ Careful file system design or the use of ZFS datasets can make a difference. Consider putting - /usr/src and - /usr/obj on + /usr/src and + /usr/obj on separate file systems. If possible, place the file systems on separate disks on separate disk controllers. - When mounting /usr/src, use + When mounting /usr/src, use which prevents the file system - from recording the file access time. If /usr/src is not on its - own file system, consider remounting /usr with + from recording the file access time. If + /usr/src is not on its + own file system, consider remounting + >/usr with . - The file system holding /usr/obj can be mounted + The file system holding + /usr/obj can be mounted or remounted with so that disk writes happen asynchronously. The write completes immediately, and the data is written to the disk a few @@ -2251,8 +2246,8 @@ /etc/make.conf, and the build machine should list them all in its KERNCONF, listing its own kernel first. The build machine must have the - kernel configuration files for each machine in its /usr/src/sys/arch/conf. + kernel configuration files for each machine in its + /usr/src/sys/arch/conf. On the build machine, build the kernel and world as described in , but do not install Index: handbook/disks/chapter.xml =================================================================== --- handbook/disks/chapter.xml +++ handbook/disks/chapter.xml @@ -478,8 +478,8 @@ system is to be mounted. This directory needs to be owned by the user that is to mount the file system. One way to do that is for root to - create a subdirectory owned by that user as /mnt/username. + create a subdirectory owned by that user as + /mnt/username. In the following example, replace username with the login name of the user and usergroup with the user's @@ -3215,8 +3215,8 @@ dedicated hard drive /dev/ad6 of the same size for HAST operation. The HAST pool, sometimes referred to as a - resource or the GEOM provider in /dev/hast/, will be called + resource or the GEOM provider in + /dev/hast/, will be called test. Configuration of HAST is done using Index: handbook/firewalls/chapter.xml =================================================================== --- handbook/firewalls/chapter.xml +++ handbook/firewalls/chapter.xml @@ -1308,8 +1308,8 @@ Install the mail/spamd package or port. In order to use spamd's greylisting - features, &man.fdescfs.5; must be mounted at /dev/fd. Add the + features, &man.fdescfs.5; must be mounted at + /dev/fd. Add the following line to /etc/fstab: @@ -2794,8 +2794,7 @@ match a packet is a pass, if there is a later matching rule that is a block, the packet will be dropped. Sample rulesets can be found in - /usr/share/examples/ipfilter. + /usr/share/examples/ipfilter. When creating rules, a # character is used to mark the start of a comment and may appear at the end Index: handbook/install/chapter.xml =================================================================== --- handbook/install/chapter.xml +++ handbook/install/chapter.xml @@ -581,8 +581,7 @@ Memory stick images for &os; 8.X can be downloaded - from the ISO-IMAGES/ directory at + from the ISO-IMAGES/ directory at ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/arch/ISO-IMAGES/version/&os;-version-RELEASE-arch-memstick.img. Replace arch and version with the architecture @@ -703,8 +702,7 @@ version number to install. The floppy images have a .flp - extension. floppies/ contains a number + extension. floppies/ contains a number of different images. Download boot.flp as well as the number of files associated with the type of installation, such as @@ -1809,8 +1807,8 @@ this convention is not necessary, but &man.sysinstall.8; uses it, so following it makes the installation slightly cleaner. This filesystem can be - mounted anywhere; this example mounts it as /diskn, + mounted anywhere; this example mounts it as + /diskn, where n is a number that changes for each disk. Index: handbook/jails/chapter.xml =================================================================== --- handbook/jails/chapter.xml +++ handbook/jails/chapter.xml @@ -277,15 +277,13 @@ Selecting a location for a jail is the best starting point. This is where the jail will physically reside within the file system of the jail's host. A good choice can be - /usr/jail/jailname, + /usr/jail/jailname, where jailname is the hostname identifying the jail. The - /usr/ file system - usually has enough space for the jail file system, which for - complete jails is, essentially, a replication - of every file present in a default installation of the &os; - base system. + /usr/ file system usually has enough space + for the jail file system, which for complete jails + is, essentially, a replication of every file present in a default + installation of the &os; base system. @@ -307,10 +305,10 @@ make installs every needed configuration file. In simple words, it installs every installable file of - /usr/src/etc/ to the - /etc directory of the + /usr/src/etc/ to the + /etc directory of the jail environment: - $D/etc/. + $D/etc/. @@ -830,12 +828,10 @@ The jail_name_rootdir variable is set to - /usr/home instead - of /home because - the physical path of /home on a default &os; - installation is /usr/home. The + /usr/home instead + of /home because + the physical path of /home on a default &os; + installation is /usr/home. The jail_name_rootdir variable must not be set to a path which includes a symbolic link, otherwise the jails will Index: handbook/linuxemu/chapter.xml =================================================================== --- handbook/linuxemu/chapter.xml +++ handbook/linuxemu/chapter.xml @@ -378,24 +378,23 @@ fonts to be installed locally. This means that these fonts need to be copied from the CDROM or from a host with &mathematica; installed to the - local machine. These fonts are normally stored in /cdrom/Unix/Files/SystemFiles/Fonts - on the CDROM, or /usr/local/mathematica/SystemFiles/Fonts + local machine. These fonts are normally stored in + >/cdrom/Unix/Files/SystemFiles/Fonts + on the CDROM, or + /usr/local/mathematica/SystemFiles/Fonts on the hard drive. The actual fonts are in the subdirectories - Type1 and - X. There are several + Type1 and + X. There are several ways to use them, as described below. The first way is to copy the fonts into one of the - existing font directories in /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts then + existing font directories in + /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts then running &man.mkfontdir.1; within the directory containing the new fonts. The second way to do this is to copy the directories to - /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts: + /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts: &prompt.root; cd /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts &prompt.root; mkdir X @@ -420,12 +419,10 @@ fonts - If /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/Type1 - does not already exist, change the name of the MathType1 directory in the - example above to Type1. + If /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/Type1 + does not already exist, change the name of the + MathType1 directory in the + example above to Type1. --> @@ -472,8 +469,7 @@ script from the product distribution. Choose the RedHat option when prompted by the installation program. A typical installation directory - might be /usr/local/maple. + might be /usr/local/maple. Copy the license to @@ -774,8 +770,7 @@ Place the following startup script in - /usr/local/bin/matlab: + /usr/local/bin/matlab: #!/bin/sh /compat/linux/bin/sh /compat/linux/usr/local/matlab/bin/matlab "$@" @@ -1024,7 +1019,7 @@ Installing &oracle; Before starting the installer, create a directory named - /var/tmp/.oracle which + /var/tmp/.oracle which is owned by the oracle user. The installation of &oracle; should work without any problems. If errors are encountered, check @@ -1055,7 +1050,7 @@ some actions, which need to be performed as root, are recorded in a shell script called root.sh. This script is - found in orainst. + found in orainst. Apply the following patch to root.sh so that it can find the &os; location of chown. Alternatively, run the script @@ -1082,7 +1077,7 @@ If &oracle; is not installed from CD, patch the source for root.sh. It is called rthd.sh and is located in - orainst in the source + orainst in the source tree. @@ -1202,10 +1197,10 @@ &linux; mode dynamically reroots lookups. This is, in effect, equivalent to the option to file system mounts. First, an - attempt is made to lookup the file in /compat/linux/original-path. - If that fails, the lookup is done in /original-path. + attempt is made to lookup the file in + /compat/linux/original-path. + If that fails, the lookup is done in + /original-path. This makes sure that binaries that require other binaries can run. For example, the &linux; toolchain can all run under &linux; ABI support. It also means that the Index: handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml =================================================================== --- handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml +++ handbook/network-servers/chapter.xml @@ -955,9 +955,8 @@ this directory, &man.autofs.5; looks up the corresponding remote mount and automatically mounts it. For instance, an attempt to access a file within - /net/foobar/usr would tell - &man.automountd.8; to mount the /usr export from the host + /net/foobar/usr would tell &man.automountd.8; + to mount the /usr export from the host foobar. @@ -976,9 +975,8 @@ The output from showmount shows - /usr as an export. - When changing directories to /host/foobar/usr, + /usr as an export. + When changing directories to /host/foobar/usr, &man.automountd.8; intercepts the request and attempts to resolve the hostname foobar. If successful, @@ -4485,8 +4483,8 @@ Apache installation. Binaries are stored in the bin and sbin subdirectories of the server - root and configuration files are stored in the etc/apache2x + root and configuration files are stored in the + etc/apache2x subdirectory. Index: handbook/ports/chapter.xml =================================================================== --- handbook/ports/chapter.xml +++ handbook/ports/chapter.xml @@ -197,15 +197,11 @@ &a.ports; and the &a.ports-bugs;. - Before installing any application, check http://vuxml.freebsd.org/ - for security issues related to the application or install - ports-mgmt/portaudit. Once installed, type - portaudit -F -a to check all installed - applications for known vulnerabilities. When - pkg is being used the audit - functionality is built in. Execute pkg audit - -F to get a report on vulnerable packages. + Before installing any application, check + for security issues related to the application or type + pkg audit -F to check all installed + applications for known vulnerabilities. The remainder of this chapter explains how to use packages @@ -1116,16 +1112,13 @@ Collection as described in the previous section. Since the installation of any third-party software can introduce security vulnerabilities, it is recommended to first check - http://vuxml.freebsd.org/ + for known security issues related to the port. Alternately, - if ports-mgmt/portaudit is installed, run - portaudit -F before installing a new + run pkg audit -F before installing a new port. This command can be configured to automatically perform a security audit and an update of the vulnerability database during the daily security system check. For more - information, refer to the manual page for - portaudit and + information, refer to &man.pkg-audit.8; and &man.periodic.8;. @@ -1644,8 +1637,7 @@ compilation and reduce build times for frequently-compiled code. It may be convenient to put poudriere datasets in an isolated - tree mounted at /poudriere. Defaults for the + tree mounted at /poudriere. Defaults for the other configuration values are adequate. The number of processor cores detected is used to define how @@ -1725,8 +1717,7 @@ The basic configuration shown here puts a single jail-, port-, and set-specific make.conf in - /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d. + /usr/local/etc/poudriere.d. The filename in this example is created by combining the jail name, port name, and set name: 10amd64-local-workstation-make.conf. Index: handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml =================================================================== --- handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml +++ handbook/ppp-and-slip/chapter.xml @@ -580,8 +580,7 @@ pchilds:*:1011:300:Peter Childs PPP:/home/ppp:/etc/ppp/ppp-dialup - Create a /home/ppp directory that + Create a /home/ppp directory that is world readable containing the following 0 byte files: