Index: head/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/book.xml =================================================================== --- head/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/book.xml +++ head/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/book.xml @@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ + @@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ + @@ -101,6 +103,7 @@ + @@ -131,6 +134,7 @@ + @@ -176,6 +180,7 @@ + @@ -270,9 +275,11 @@ + + @@ -288,6 +295,7 @@ + @@ -345,6 +353,7 @@ + @@ -357,6 +366,7 @@ + @@ -406,6 +416,7 @@ + @@ -428,6 +439,7 @@ + @@ -515,6 +527,7 @@ + @@ -544,6 +557,7 @@ + @@ -612,16 +626,25 @@ $FreeBSD$ -->]> - + + + + + + + + + + FreeBSD 使用手冊 FreeBSD 文件計劃 - $FreeBSD$ + $FreeBSD$ - $FreeBSD$ + $FreeBSD$ 1995 @@ -724,9 +747,9 @@ - 歡迎使用 FreeBSD！ 本使用手冊涵蓋範圍包括了 FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE 以及 FreeBSD 9.3-RELEASE 的安裝與平日操作的說明。 這份使用手冊是很多人的集體創作，而且仍然『持續不斷』的進行中，因此部份章節可能尚未仍未完成，如果您有興趣協助本計畫的話，請寄電子郵件至 FreeBSD 文件專案郵遞論壇。 + 歡迎使用 FreeBSD！ 本使用手冊涵蓋範圍包括了 FreeBSD 11.1-RELEASE, FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE 與 FreeBSD 10.4-RELEASE 的安裝與平日操作的說明。 這份使用手冊是很多人的集體創作，而且仍然『持續不斷』的進行中，因此部份章節可能尚未仍未完成，如果您有興趣協助本計畫的話，請寄電子郵件至 FreeBSD 文件專案郵遞論壇。 - 在 FreeBSD 網站 可以找到本文件的最新版本，舊版文件可從 http://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/ 取得。本文件也提供各種格式與不同壓縮方式的版本可自 FreeBSD FTP 伺服器 或是其中一個 鏡像網站 下載。 列印出來的實體書面資料可在 FreeBSD 商城 購買。 此外，您可在 搜尋頁面 中搜尋本文件或其他文件的資料。 + 在 FreeBSD 網站 可以找到本文件的最新版本，舊版文件可從 https://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/ 取得。本文件也提供各種格式與不同壓縮方式的版本可自 FreeBSD FTP 伺服器 或是其中一個 鏡像網站 下載。 列印出來的實體書面資料可在 FreeBSD 商城 購買。 此外，您可在 搜尋頁面 中搜尋本文件或其他文件的資料。 @@ -1346,7 +1369,7 @@ 4.4BSD-Lite - FreeBSD 是一個從 4.4BSD-Lite 衍生出而能在以 Intel (x86 與 Itanium), AMD64, Sun UltraSPARC 為基礎的電腦上執行的作業系統。同時，移植到其他平台的工作也在進行中。 對於本計劃歷史的介紹，請看 FreeBSD 歷史， 對於 FreeBSD 的最新版本介紹，請看 最新的發行版。 若打算對於 FreeBSD 計劃有所貢獻的話 (程式碼、硬體、經費)， 請看 如何對 FreeBSD 貢獻。 + FreeBSD 是一個從 4.4BSD-Lite 衍生出而能在以 Intel (x86 與 Itanium), AMD64, ARM, Sun UltraSPARC 為基礎的電腦上執行的作業系統。同時，移植到其他平台的工作也在進行中。 對於本計劃歷史的介紹，請看 FreeBSD 歷史， 對於 FreeBSD 的最新版本介紹，請看 最新的發行版。 若打算對於 FreeBSD 計劃有所貢獻的話 (程式碼、硬體、經費)， 請看 如何對 FreeBSD 貢獻。 FreeBSD 能做什麼？ @@ -1623,13 +1646,9 @@ - Sandvine - + Sandvine Sandvine - - Sandvine uses FreeBSD as the basis of their - high performance real-time network processing platforms - that make up their intelligent network policy control - products. + - Sandvine 使用 FreeBSD 作為它的高性能即時網路處理平台的基礎來建立它們的智慧網路策略控制產品。 @@ -1732,7 +1751,7 @@ - TrueOS + TrueOS TrueOS - 訂製版本的 FreeBSD，裝備了給桌面使用者使用的圖型化工具來展示 FreeBSD 強大的功能給所有使用者，專門設計來緩解使用者在 Windows 與 OS X 間的過渡。 @@ -2029,7 +2048,7 @@ - 此外，可在下列網址找到最新版 (也是更新最頻繁的版本)：http://www.FreeBSD.org/。 + 此外，可在下列網址找到最新版 (也是更新最頻繁的版本)：https://www.FreeBSD.org/。 @@ -2167,7 +2186,7 @@ 桌面電腦與筆記型電腦最常見的處理器類型，運用在近代的系統。Intel 稱該類型為 Intel64，其他製造商則稱該類型為 x86-64。 - 與 amd64 相容的處理器包含：AMD Athlon64, AMD Opteron, 多核心 Intel Xeon 以及 Intel Core 2 與之後的處理器。 + 與 amd64 相容的處理器範例包含：AMD Athlon64, AMD Opteron, 多核心 Intel Xeon 以及 Intel Core 2 與之後的處理器。 @@ -2287,9 +2306,9 @@ 檢查 FreeBSD 勘誤表 - 儘管 FreeBSD Project 努力確保每個 FreeBSD 發行版能夠儘可能地穩定，但錯誤偶爾還是會悄悄出現，並有極小的可能會發生影響安裝流程的錯誤，當這些問題被發現並修正後，會被紀錄在 FreeBSD 網站的 FreeBSD 勘誤表 (http://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.0R/errata.html)。 安裝前先檢查勘誤表，以確保沒有會影響到安裝的問題。 + 儘管 FreeBSD 計劃努力確保每個 FreeBSD 發行版能夠儘可能地穩定，但錯誤偶爾還是會悄悄出現，並有極小的可能會發生影響安裝流程的錯誤，當這些問題被發現並修正後，會被紀錄在 FreeBSD 網站的 FreeBSD 勘誤表 (https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.1R/errata.html)。 安裝前先檢查勘誤表，以確保沒有會影響到安裝的問題。 - 所有發行版的資訊和勘誤表可以在 FreeBSD 網站的發行資訊找到 (http://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html)。 + 所有發行版的資訊和勘誤表可以在 FreeBSD 網站的發行資訊找到 (https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html)。 @@ -3696,7 +3715,7 @@ 本節涵蓋基礎的安裝疑難排解，例如一些已有人回報的常見問題。 - 查看該 FreeBSD 版本的 Hardware Notes (http://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html) 文件來確認是否支援該硬體。若確定有支援該硬體但仍然卡住或發生其他問題，請依照 的指示編譯自訂核心來加入未在 GENERIC 核心的裝置。預設的核心會假設大部份的硬體裝置會使用原廠預設的 IRQs, I/O 位址，及 DMA 通道，若硬體已經被重新設定過，自訂的核心設定檔可以告訴 FreeBSD 到那找到這些裝置。 + 查看該 FreeBSD 版本的 Hardware Notes (https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html) 文件來確認是否支援該硬體。若確定有支援該硬體但仍然卡住或發生其他問題，請依照 的指示編譯自訂核心來加入未在 GENERIC 核心的裝置。預設的核心會假設大部份的硬體裝置會使用原廠預設的 IRQs, I/O 位址，及 DMA 通道，若硬體已經被重新設定過，自訂的核心設定檔可以告訴 FreeBSD 到那找到這些裝置。 部份安裝問題可以透過更各種硬體元件的韌體來避免或緩解，特別是主機板。主機板的韌體通常稱為 BIOS，大部份主機板與電腦製造商會有網站可以取得升級程式與升級資訊。 @@ -6102,7 +6121,7 @@ - FreeBSD 網站有維護一份可搜尋的最新應用程式清單，在 http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/。 可以依應用程式名稱或軟體分類來搜尋 Port。 + FreeBSD 網站有維護一份可搜尋的最新應用程式清單，在 https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/。 可以依應用程式名稱或軟體分類來搜尋 Port。 @@ -6918,18 +6937,18 @@ 雖然可以同時使用自訂的檔案庫與官方檔案庫，但有時關閉官方檔案庫會有幫助。這可以透過建立一個設定檔覆蓋並關閉官方的設定檔來完成。建立 /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf 包含以下內容： - FreeBSD: { + FreeBSD: { enabled: no -} +} 通常最簡單要提供 poudriere 檔案庫給客戶端的方式是透過 HTTP。安裝一個網頁伺服器來提供套件目錄，通常會像：/usr/local/poudriere/data/packages/10amd64，其中 10amd64 是編譯的名稱。 若要連往套件檔案庫的 URL 是：http://pkg.example.com/10amd64，則在 /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/custom.conf 的檔案庫設定檔為： - custom: { + custom: { url: "http://pkg.example.com/10amd64", enabled: yes, -} +} @@ -7931,7 +7950,7 @@ GNOME GNOME - GNOME 是一個擁有友善使用者介面的的桌面環境，它包括用於啟動應用程式和顯示狀態的面板、一系列工具與應用程序及一套可讓應用程式更容易進行合作、相互一致的協定。更多有關 FreeBSD GNOME 的訊息可在 http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome 取得，該網站包含了有關在 FreeBSD 安裝、設定和管理 GNOME 的額外文件。 + GNOME 是一個擁有友善使用者介面的的桌面環境，它包括用於啟動應用程式和顯示狀態的面板、一系列工具與應用程序及一套可讓應用程式更容易進行合作、相互一致的協定。更多有關 FreeBSD GNOME 的訊息可在 https://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome 取得，該網站包含了有關在 FreeBSD 安裝、設定和管理 GNOME 的額外文件。 這套桌面環境可以從套件安裝： @@ -8471,7 +8490,7 @@ web - 在 FreeBSD 中並未預先安裝好網頁瀏覽器。 但在 Port 套件集中的 www 分類中有許多瀏覽器可以採 Binary 套件安裝或自 Port 套件集編譯的方式安裝。 + 在 FreeBSD 中並未預先安裝好網頁瀏覽器。 但在 Port 套件集中的 www 分類中有許多瀏覽器可以採 Binary 套件安裝或自 Port 套件集編譯的方式安裝。 KDE 和 GNOME 桌面環境都有提供自有的 HTML 瀏覽器。請參考 來了解更多有關如何設定完整桌面環境的資訊。 @@ -8560,7 +8579,7 @@ 編譯 Port 時使用預設設定選項。 - 安裝完成時，啟動 firefox，在網址列輸入 about:plugins 並按 Enter 鍵。 會出現一個頁面列出已安裝的附加元件。 Java 附加元件應該會列在其中。 + 安裝完成後，啟動 firefox，在網址列輸入 about:plugins 並按 Enter 鍵，便會出現一個列出已安裝附加元件的頁面，清單中應該要有 Java 附加元件。 若瀏覽器無法找到附加元件，每位使用者則須執行以下指令並重新執行瀏覽器： @@ -8586,7 +8605,7 @@ - 自 Port 安裝 www/linux-c6-flashplugin11 ，受到授權條款的限制，該套件無 Binary 版本。 + 自 Port 安裝 www/linux-flashplayer ，受到授權條款的限制，該套件無 Binary 版本。 @@ -8667,7 +8686,7 @@ # pkg install kwebkitpart - 由 Port 套件集安裝： + 從 Port 套件集安裝： # cd /usr/ports/www/kwebkitpart # make install clean @@ -8841,7 +8860,7 @@ # cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp # make install clean - 在 Port 套件集的 graphics 分類 (freebsd.org/ports/graphics.html) 下也包含了許多 GIMP 相關的附加元件，說明檔及使用手冊。 + 在 Port 套件集的 graphics 分類 (freebsd.org/ports/graphics.html) 下也包含了許多 GIMP 相關的附加元件，說明檔及使用手冊。 @@ -8907,7 +8926,7 @@ # pkg install libreoffice - Port 套件集的編輯器分類 (freebsd.org/ports/editors.html) 中含有數個 LibreOffice 的語系。安裝在地化套件時，請替換 libreoffice 為在地化套件的名稱。 + Port 套件集的編輯器分類 (freebsd.org/ports/editors.html) 中含有數個 LibreOffice 的語系。安裝在地化套件時，請替換 libreoffice 為在地化套件的名稱。 套件安裝之後，輸入以下指令來執行 LibreOffice： @@ -8921,7 +8940,7 @@ # make install clean - 要編譯在地化版本，則需 cd 進入想要的語言 Port 目錄。支援的語言可在 Port 套件集的編輯器分類 (freebsd.org/ports/editors.html) 中找到。 + 要編譯在地化版本，則需 cd 進入想要的語言 Port 目錄。支援的語言可在 Port 套件集的編輯器分類 (freebsd.org/ports/editors.html) 中找到。 @@ -9307,7 +9326,7 @@ PCI sound cards - 開始設定之前，必須先知道你的音效卡型號、晶片為何。 FreeBSD 支援許多種音效卡，請檢查支援的音效硬體表 Hardware Notes，以確認你的音效卡是否支援以及如何在 FreeBSD 上驅動。 + 開始設定之前，必須先知道你的音效卡型號、晶片為何。 FreeBSD 支援許多種音效卡，請檢查支援的音效硬體表 Hardware Notes，以確認你的音效卡是否支援以及如何在 FreeBSD 上驅動。 kernel @@ -9673,7 +9692,7 @@ provides an alternative, command-line MP3 player. Once installed, specify the MP3 file to play on the command line. If the system has multiple - audio devices, the sound device can also be specifed: + audio devices, the sound device can also be specified: # mpg123 -a /dev/dsp1.0 Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3 High Performance MPEG 1.0/2.0/2.5 Audio Player for Layers 1, 2 and 3 @@ -10473,7 +10492,7 @@ # pkg install mythtv - 或由 Port 套件集安裝： + 或從 Port 套件集安裝： # cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mythtv # make install @@ -10908,11 +10927,10 @@ 在 man1 指令加上 旗標可提供有用的資訊，例如，這可列出有包含指定裝置品牌或名稱的手冊頁面清單： - # man -k Atheros + # man -k Atheros +ath(4) - Atheros IEEE 802.11 wireless network driver +ath_hal(4) - Atheros Hardware Access Layer (HAL) - ath(4) - Atheros IEEE 802.11 wireless network driver -ath_hal(4) - Atheros Hardware Access Layer (HAL) - 準備好硬體清單之後，參考該清單來確認已安裝的硬體驅動程式在編輯自訂核心設定時沒有被移除。 @@ -12951,9 +12969,7 @@ 在 FreeBSD 安裝基本的 Linux 程式庫和 Binary 最簡單的方式是安裝 emulators/linux_base-c6 套件或是 Port 。要安裝 Port： - # printf "compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.18\n" >> /etc/sysctl.conf -# sysctl compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.18 -# pkg install emulators/linux_base-c6 + # pkg install emulators/linux_base-c6 要在開機時開啟 Linux 相容性，可以加入這行到 /etc/rc.conf： @@ -12963,7 +12979,10 @@ 核心選項 COMPAT_LINUX - 想要靜態連結 Linux Binary 相容性到自訂核心的使用者應加入 options COMPAT_LINUX 到自訂核心設定檔。 編譯並安裝新核心的方法，如 所述。 + Since the Linux binary compatibility layer has gained support + for running both 32- and 64-bit Linux binaries (on 64-bit x86 hosts), + it is no longer possible to link the emulation functionality statically + into a custom kernel. 手動安裝其他程式庫 @@ -14211,7 +14230,7 @@ # /etc/crontab - root's crontab for FreeBSD # -# $FreeBSD$ +# $FreeBSD$ # SHELL=/bin/sh PATH=/etc:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin @@ -14809,7 +14828,7 @@ 此設定檔中一行代表一個動作，每一行的格式皆為一個選擇器欄位 (Selector field) 接著一個動作欄位 (Action field)。選擇器欄位的格式為 facility.level 可以用來比對來自 facility 於層級 level 或更高層的日誌訊息，也可以在層級前加入選擇性的比對旗標來更確切的指定記錄的內容。同樣一個動作可以使用多個選擇器欄位並使用分號 (;) 來分隔。用 * 可以比對任何東西。動作欄位可用來指定傳送日誌訊息的目標，如一個檔案或遠端日誌主機。範例為以下為 FreeBSD 預設的 syslog.conf： - # $FreeBSD$ + # $FreeBSD$ # # Spaces ARE valid field separators in this file. However, # other *nix-like systems still insist on using tabs as field @@ -14889,7 +14908,7 @@ newsyslog 會讀取其設定檔 /etc/newsyslog.conf 來決定其要採取的動作，每個要由 newsyslog 所管理的日誌檔案會在此設定檔中設定一行，每一行要說明檔案的擁有者、權限、何時要翻轉該檔案、選用的日誌翻轉旗標，如：壓縮，以及日誌翻轉時要通知的程式。以下為 FreeBSD 的預設設定： # configuration file for newsyslog -# $FreeBSD$ +# $FreeBSD$ # # Entries which do not specify the '/pid_file' field will cause the # syslogd process to be signalled when that log file is rotated. This @@ -15306,7 +15325,7 @@ /etc/hosts 是簡單的文字資料庫，會與 DNS 及 NIS 一併使用來提供主機名稱與 IP 位址的對應。可將透過 LAN 所連結的在地電腦項目加入到這個檔案做最簡單的命名，來替代設定一個 named8 伺服器。除此之外 /etc/hosts 可以用來提供本地的網際網路名稱記錄，來減少常用名稱向外部 DNS 伺服器查詢的需求。 - # $FreeBSD$ + # $FreeBSD$ # # # Host Database @@ -17505,7 +17524,7 @@ rootkit 指的是嘗試未經授權取得系統 root 存取權的軟體。一旦安裝之後，這個惡意軟體將可以光明正大的開啟給另一個給攻擊者進入的大門。現實上，一但系統已被 rootkit 滲透且執行了搜索動作之後，該系統就應該從頭重新安裝，因為即使非常謹真的資安或系統工程式也可能會遺漏攻擊者留下的動西。 - rootkit 所做過的事可提供管理者一個非常有用的資訊：一但偵測到，便代表某處已經被滲透，但這類的應用程式躲藏的非常好，本節將會示範一個可以用來偵測 rootkit 的工具，security/rkhunter。 + rootkit 對管理者而言唯一有幫助的是：一但偵測到，便代表某處已經被滲透，但這類型的應用程式躲藏的非常好，本節將會示範一個可以用來偵測 rootkit 的工具，security/rkhunter。 安裝此套件或 Port 之後，系統便可使用以下指令檢查。該指令提供許多資訊且會需要手動按下 ENTER 確認： @@ -18270,9 +18289,7 @@ GSSAPIAuthentication yes - After making this change, sshd8 must be restared - for the new configuration to take effect: - service sshd restart. + 做完了這個變更之後，必須重新啟動 sshd8 來使新的設定值生效：service sshd restart。 @@ -18941,9 +18958,7 @@ information on the IPsec subsystem in FreeBSD. - To add IPsec support to the kernel, add - the following options to the custom kernel configuration file - and rebuild the kernel using the instructions in : + 在 FreeBSD 11 與之後的版本預設會開啟 IPsec 功能，先前版本的 FreeBSD 可在自訂核心設定檔中加入以下選項然後依 的指示來重新編譯核心： 核心選項 IPSEC @@ -19072,10 +19087,10 @@ network. The following commands will achieve this goal: - # corp-net# route add 10.0.0.0 10.0.0.5 255.255.255.0 -# corp-net# route add net 10.0.0.0: gateway 10.0.0.5 -# priv-net# route add 10.246.38.0 10.246.38.1 255.255.255.0 -# priv-net# route add host 10.246.38.0: gateway 10.246.38.1 + corp-net# route add 10.0.0.0 10.0.0.5 255.255.255.0 +corp-net# route add net 10.0.0.0: gateway 10.0.0.5 +priv-net# route add 10.246.38.0 10.246.38.1 255.255.255.0 +priv-net# route add host 10.246.38.0: gateway 10.246.38.1 At this point, internal machines should be reachable from each gateway as well as from machines behind the gateways. @@ -19386,8 +19401,8 @@ 要在 Shell 使用 ssh-agent，使用 Shell 做為參數來啟動 ssh-agent。執行 ssh-add 來加入識別碼，然後輸入私鑰的密碼。使用者將可使用 ssh 連線到任何有安裝對應公鑰的主機，例如： - % ssh-agent csh -% ssh-add + % ssh-agent csh +% ssh-add Enter passphrase for key '/usr/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa': Identity added: /usr/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa (/usr/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa) % @@ -19777,7 +19792,7 @@ Affected package: cups-base-1.1.22.0_1 Type of problem: cups-base -- HPGL buffer overflow vulnerability. -Reference: <http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/portaudit/40a3bca2-6809-11d9-a9e7-0001020eed82.html> +Reference: <https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/portaudit/40a3bca2-6809-11d9-a9e7-0001020eed82.html> 1 problem(s) in your installed packages found. @@ -19917,7 +19932,7 @@ # patch < /path/to/patch Recompile the operating system using buildworld and installworld as -described in <URL:http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/makeworld.html>. +described in <URL:https://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/makeworld.html>. Restart the applicable daemons, or reboot the system. @@ -26311,7 +26326,7 @@ 在安全的地方保存這份列印結果與安裝媒體的複本，在緊急還原時可能會需要，接著開機進入安裝媒體並選擇 Live CD 以存取救援 Shell (Rescue shell)，這個救援模式可以用來檢視目前系統的狀態，若有需要，可重新格式化磁碟然後自備份還原資料。 - FreeBSD/i386 10.3-RELEASE 的安裝媒體未含救援 Shell，針對該版本，可改自 ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-i386-livefs.iso 下載 CD 映像檔並燒錄。 + FreeBSD/i386 10.4-RELEASE 的安裝媒體未含救援 Shell，針對該版本，可改自 ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/10.4/FreeBSD-10.4-RELEASE-i386-livefs.iso 下載 Livefs CD 映像檔並燒錄。 然後，測試救援 Shell 下的備份。記錄下整個程序，將這份記錄隨媒體、列印結果、備份檔一併保存，這份記錄可以避免在緊張壓力下做緊急還原時因不慎造成備份的毀壞。 @@ -26860,7 +26875,8 @@ UFS file system, set the sector_size to 2048: - # gbde init /dev/ad4s1c -i -L /etc/gbde/ad4s1c.lock# $FreeBSD$ + # gbde init /dev/ad4s1c -i -L /etc/gbde/ad4s1c.lock +# $FreeBSD$ # # Sector size is the smallest unit of data which can be read or written. # Making it too small decreases performance and decreases available space. @@ -27292,7 +27308,7 @@ - This example configures an encryped swap partition using + This example configures an encrypted swap partition using the Blowfish algorithm with a key length of 128 bits and a sectorsize of 4 kilobytes: @@ -30500,7 +30516,7 @@ 匯入與匯出儲存池 - 儲存池在移動到其他系統之前需要做匯出 (Export)，會卸載所有的資料集，然後標記每個裝置為已匯出，為了避免被其他磁碟子系統存取，因此仍會鎖定這些裝置。這個動作讓儲存池可以在支援 ZFS 的其他機器、其他作業系統做匯入 (Import)，甚至是不同的硬體架構 (有一些注意事項，請參考 zpool8)。當資料集有被開啟的檔案，可使用 zpool export -f 來強制匯出儲存池，使用這個指令需要小心，資料集是被強制卸載的，因此有可能造成在該資料集開啟檔案的應用程式發生無法預期的結果。 + 儲存池在移動到其他系統之前需要做匯出 (Export)，會卸載所有的資料集，然後標記每個裝置為已匯出，為了避免被其他磁碟子系統存取，因此仍會鎖定這些裝置。這個動作讓儲存池可以在支援 ZFS 的其他機器、其他作業系統做匯入 (Import)，甚至是不同的硬體架構 (有一些注意事項，請參考 zpool8)。當資料集有被開啟的檔案，可使用 zpool export -f 來強制匯出儲存池，使用這個指令需要小心，資料集是被強制卸載的，因此有可能造成在該資料集開啟檔案的應用程式發生無法預期的結果。 匯出未使用的儲存池： @@ -30888,6 +30904,37 @@ tank custom:costcenter - - # zfs get all tank | grep custom:costcenter # + + + 取得與設定共享屬性 + + Two commonly used and useful dataset properties are the + NFS and SMB share + options. Setting these define if and how + ZFS datasets may be shared on the network. + At present, only setting sharing via NFS is + supported on FreeBSD. To get the current status of + a share, enter: + + # zfs get sharenfs mypool/usr/home +NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE +mypool/usr/home sharenfs on local +# zfs get sharesmb mypool/usr/home +NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE +mypool/usr/home sharesmb off local + + To enable sharing of a dataset, enter: + + # zfs set sharenfs=on mypool/usr/home + + It is also possible to set additional options for sharing + datasets through NFS, such as + , and + . To set additional options to a + dataset shared through NFS, enter: + + # zfs set sharenfs="-alldirs,-maproot=root,-network=192.168.1.0/24" mypool/usr/home + @@ -31036,17 +31083,16 @@ mypool/var/tmp@my_recursive_snapshot 88K - 152K - mypool/var/tmp@after_cp 53.5K - 118K - mypool/var/tmp@diff_snapshot 0 - 120K - -% ls /var/tmp -passwd passwd.copy -% rm /var/tmp/passwd* -% ls /var/tmp -vi.recover -% +# ls /var/tmp +passwd passwd.copy vi.recover +# rm /var/tmp/passwd* +# ls /var/tmp +vi.recover 在此時，使用者發現到刪除了太多檔案並希望能夠還原。ZFS 提供了簡單的方可以取回檔案，便是使用還原 (Rollback)，但這只在有定期對重要的資料使用快照時可用。要拿回檔案並從最後一次快照重新開始，可執行以下指令： # zfs rollback mypool/var/tmp@diff_snapshot -% ls /var/tmp +# ls /var/tmp passwd passwd.copy vi.recover 還原操作會將資料集還原為最後一次快照的狀態。這也可以還原到更早之前，有其他在其之後建立的快照。要這麼做時，ZFS 會發出這個警告： @@ -31068,7 +31114,7 @@ # zfs list -rt snapshot mypool/var/tmp NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool/var/tmp@my_recursive_snapshot 8K - 152K - -% ls /var/tmp +# ls /var/tmp vi.recover 可從 zfs list -t snapshot 的結果來確認 zfs rollback -r 會移除的快照。 @@ -31082,16 +31128,16 @@ # zfs get snapdir mypool/var/tmp NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE mypool/var/tmp snapdir hidden default -% ls -a /var/tmp +# ls -a /var/tmp . .. passwd vi.recover # zfs set snapdir=visible mypool/var/tmp -% ls -a /var/tmp +# ls -a /var/tmp . .. .zfs passwd vi.recover 要還原個別檔案到先前的狀態非常簡單，只要從快照中複製檔案到父資料集。在 .zfs/snapshot 目錄結構下有一個與先前所做的快照名稱相同的目錄，可以很容易的找到。在下個範例中，我們會示範從隱藏的 .zfs 目錄還原一個檔案，透過從含有該檔案的最新版快照複製： # rm /var/tmp/passwd -% ls -a /var/tmp +# ls -a /var/tmp . .. .zfs vi.recover # ls /var/tmp/.zfs/snapshot after_cp my_recursive_snapshot @@ -31277,18 +31323,18 @@ 在傳送端系統上： - # zfs allow -u someuser send,snapshot mypool + # zfs allow -u someuser send,snapshot mypool 要掛載儲存池，無權限的使用者必須擁有該目錄且必須允許一般的使用者掛載檔案系統。在接收端系統上： - # sysctl vfs.usermount=1 + # sysctl vfs.usermount=1 vfs.usermount: 0 -> 1 -# echo vfs.usermount=1 >> /etc/sysctl.conf +# sysrc -f /etc/sysctl.conf vfs.usermount=1 # zfs create recvpool/backup # zfs allow -u someuser create,mount,receive recvpool/backup -# chown someuser /recvpool/backup +# chown someuser /recvpool/backup @@ -31406,7 +31452,7 @@ mypool/compressed_dataset compression lz4 local mypool/compressed_dataset logicalused 496G - - 資料集目前使用了 449 GB 的空間 (在 used 屬性)。在尚未壓縮前，該資料集應該會使用 496 GB 的空間 (於 logicallyused 屬性)，這個結果顯示目前的壓縮比為 1.11:1。 + 資料集目前使用了 449 GB 的空間 (在 used 屬性)。在尚未壓縮前，該資料集應該會使用 496 GB 的空間 (於 logicalused 屬性)，這個結果顯示目前的壓縮比為 1.11:1。 壓縮功能在與使用者配額 (User Quota) 一併使用時可能會產生無法預期的副作用。使用者配額會限制一個使用者在一個資料集上可以使用多少空間，但衡量的依據是以 壓縮後 所使用的空間，因此，若一個使用者有 10 GB 的配額，寫入了 10 GB 可壓縮的資料，使用者將還會有空間儲存額外的資料。若使用者在之後更新了一個檔案，例如一個資料庫，可能有更多或較少的可壓縮資料，那麼剩餘可用的空間量也會因此而改變，這可能會造成奇怪的現象便是，一個使用者雖然沒有增加實際的資料量 (於 logicalused 屬性)，但因為更改影響了壓縮率，導致使用者達到配額的上限。 @@ -31430,10 +31476,9 @@ DEDUP 欄位會顯示儲存池的實際去重複率，數值為 1.00x 代表資料尚未被去重複。在下一個例子會在前面所建立的去重複儲存池中複製三份 Port 樹到不同的目錄中。 - # zpool list -for d in dir1 dir2 dir3; do -for> mkdir $d && cp -R /usr/ports $d & -for> done + # for d in dir1 dir2 dir3; do +> mkdir $d && cp -R /usr/ports $d & +> done 已經偵測到重複的資料並做去重複： @@ -32277,7 +32322,7 @@ XXXTR: Though! The disks chapter, covers a bit of this and devfs under it's USB devices. It leaves a lot to be desired though, see: -http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/usb-disks.html +https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/usb-disks.html It may be better to flesh out that section a bit more. Add the word "camera" to it so that others can easily notice. @@ -32333,6 +32378,16 @@ bhyve section by + + + + + Benedict + Reuschling + + Xen section by + + @@ -32947,9 +33002,22 @@ <trademark>VirtualBox</trademark> USB 支援 - VirtualBox 擴充包目前不支援 FreeBSD 主端系統，沒有這個擴充包，FreeBSD 主端系統無法傳遞 USB 埠給客端作業系統。 - + VirtualBox can be configured + to pass USB devices through to the guest + operating system. The host controller of the OSE version is + limited to emulating USB 1.1 devices until + the extension pack supporting USB 2.0 and 3.0 + devices becomes available on FreeBSD. + For VirtualBox to be + aware of USB devices attached to the + machine, the user needs to be a member of the operator group. + + # pw groupmod operator -m yourusername + + 重新啟動登作階段與 VirtualBox 來讓這些變更生效，且建立必要的 USB 的過濾器。 + + <trademark>VirtualBox</trademark> Host <acronym>DVD</acronym>/<acronym>CD</acronym> 存取 @@ -33066,7 +33134,7 @@ machine, used to track the running machines. This example starts the virtual machine in installation mode: - # sh /usr/share/examples/bhyve/vmrun.sh -c 4 -m 1024M -t tap0 -d guest.img -i -I FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso guestname + # sh /usr/share/examples/bhyve/vmrun.sh -c 1 -m 1024M -t tap0 -d guest.img -i -I FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso guestname The virtual machine will boot and start the installer. After installing a system in the virtual machine, when the @@ -33320,7 +33388,7 @@ A specified virtual machine can be destroyed using bhyvectl: - # bhyvectl --destroy --vm=guestname + # bhyvectl --destroy --vm=guestname @@ -33355,18 +33423,332 @@ - + Xen can migrate VMs between different Xen servers. When + the two xen hosts share the same underlying storage, the + migration can be done without having to shut the VM down first. + Instead, the migration is performed live while the DomU is + running and there is no need to restart it or plan a downtime. + This is useful in maintenance scenarios or upgrade windows to + ensure that the services provided by the DomU are still + provided. Many more features of Xen are listed on the Xen + Wiki Overview page. Note that not all features are + supported on FreeBSD yet. + + + Hardware Requirements for <trademark>Xen</trademark> Dom0 + + To run the Xen hypervisor on a host, certain hardware + functionality is required. Hardware virtualized domains + require Extended Page Table (EPT) + and Input/Output Memory Management Unit (IOMMU) + support in the host processor. + + + + <trademark>Xen</trademark> Dom0 Control Domain Setup + + The emulators/xen package works with + FreeBSD 11 amd64 binary snapshots and equivalent systems + built from source. This example assumes VNC output for + unprivileged domains which is accessed from a another system + using a tool such as net/tightvnc. + + Install emulators/xen: + + # pkg install xen + + Configuration files must be edited to prepare the host + for the Dom0 integration. An entry to + /etc/sysctl.conf disables the limit on + how many pages of memory are allowed to be wired. Otherwise, + DomU VMs with higher memory requirements will not run. + + # sysrc -f /etc/sysctl.conf vm.max_wired=-1 + + Another memory-related setting involves changing + /etc/login.conf, setting the + memorylocked option to + unlimited. Otherwise, creating DomU + domains may fail with Cannot allocate + memory errors. After making the change to + /etc/login.conf, run + cap_mkdb to update the capability database. + See for + details. + + # sed -i '' -e 's/memorylocked=64K/memorylocked=unlimited/' /etc/login.conf +# cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf + + Add an entry for the Xen console to + /etc/ttys: + + # echo 'xc0 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" xterm on secure' >> /etc/ttys + + Selecting a Xen kernel in + /boot/loader.conf activates the Dom0. + Xen also requires resources like CPU and memory from the + host machine for itself and other DomU domains. How much CPU + and memory depends on the individual requirements and hardware + capabilities. In this example, 8 GB of memory and 4 + virtual CPUs are made available for the Dom0. The serial + console is also activated and logging options are + defined. + + # sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf hw.pci.mcfg=0 +# sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf xen_kernel="/boot/xen" +# sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf xen_cmdline="dom0_mem=8192M dom0_max_vcpus=4 dom0pvh=1 console=com1,vga com1=115200,8n1 guest_loglvl=all loglvl=all" + + Log files that Xen creates for the Dom0 and DomU VMs + are stored in /var/log/xen. This + directory does not exist by default and must be + created. + + # mkdir -p /var/log/xen +# chmod 644 /var/log/xen + + Xen provides a boot menu to activate and de-activate + the hypervisor on demand in + /boot/menu.rc.local: + + # echo "try-include /boot/xen.4th" >> /boot/menu.rc.local + + Activate the xencommons service during system + startup: + + # sysrc xencommons_enable=yes + + These settings are enough to start a Dom0-enabled + system. However, it lacks network functionality for the + DomU machines. To fix that, define a bridged interface with + the main NIC of the system which the DomU VMs can use to + connect to the network. Replace + igb0 with the host network + interface name. + + # sysrc autobridge_interfaces=bridge0 +# sysrc autobridge_bridge0=igb0 +# sysrc ifconfig_bridge0=SYNCDHCP + + Restart the host to load the Xen kernel and start the + Dom0. + + # reboot + + After successfully booting the Xen kernel and logging + into the system again, the Xen management tool + xl is used to show information about the + domains. + + # xl list +Name ID Mem VCPUs State Time(s) +Domain-0 0 8192 4 r----- 962.0 + + The output confirms that the Dom0 (called + Domain-0) has the ID 0 + and is running. It also has the memory and virtual CPUs + that were defined in /boot/loader.conf + earlier. More information can be found in the Xen + Documentation. DomU guest VMs can now be + created. + + + + <trademark>Xen</trademark> DomU 客端 VM 設置 + + Unprivileged domains consist of a configuration file and + virtual or physical hard disks. Virtual disk storage for + the DomU can be files created by truncate1 or ZFS + volumes as described in . + In this example, a 20 GB volume is used. A VM is + created with the ZFS volume, a FreeBSD ISO image, 1 GB of + RAM and two virtual CPUs. The ISO installation file is + retrieved with fetch1 and saved locally in a file + called freebsd.iso. + + # fetch ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso -o freebsd.iso + + A ZFS volume of 20 GB called + xendisk0 is created to serve as the disk + space for the VM. + + # zfs create -V20G -o volmode=dev zroot/xendisk0 + + The new DomU guest VM is defined in a file. Some specific + definitions like name, keymap, and VNC connection details are + also defined. The following freebsd.cfg + contains a minimum DomU configuration for this example: + + # cat freebsd.cfg +builder = "hvm" +name = "freebsd" +memory = 1024 +vcpus = 2 +vif = [ 'mac=00:16:3E:74:34:32,bridge=bridge0' ] +disk = [ +'/dev/zvol/tank/xendisk0,raw,hda,rw', +'/root/freebsd.iso,raw,hdc:cdrom,r' + ] +vnc = 1 +vnclisten = "0.0.0.0" +serial = "pty" +usbdevice = "tablet" + + These lines are explained in more detail: + + + + This defines what kind of virtualization to use. + hvm refers to hardware-assisted + virtualization or hardware virtual machine. Guest + operating systems can run unmodified on CPUs with + virtualization extensions, providing nearly the same + performance as running on physical hardware. + generic is the default value and + creates a PV domain. + + + + Name of this virtual machine to distinguish it from + others running on the same Dom0. Required. + + + + Quantity of RAM in megabytes to make available to the + VM. This amount is subtracted from the hypervisor's total + available memory, not the memory of the Dom0. + + + + Number of virtual CPUs available to the guest VM. For + best performance, do not create guests with more virtual + CPUs than the number of physical CPUs on the host. + + + + Virtual network adapter. This is the bridge connected + to the network interface of the host. The + mac parameter is the MAC address set on + the virtual network interface. This parameter is + optional, if no MAC is provided Xen will generate a + random one. + + + + Full path to the disk, file, or ZFS volume of the disk + storage for this VM. Options and multiple disk + definitions are separated by commas. + + + + Defines the Boot medium from which the initial + operating system is installed. In this example, it is the + ISO imaged downloaded earlier. Consult the Xen + documentation for other kinds of devices and options to + set. + + + + Options controlling VNC connectivity to the serial + console of the DomU. In order, these are: active VNC + support, define IP address on which to listen, device node + for the serial console, and the input method for precise + positioning of the mouse and other input methods. + keymap defines which keymap to use, and + is english by default. + + + + After the file has been created with all the necessary + options, the DomU is created by passing it to xl + create as a parameter. + + # xl create freebsd.cfg + + + Each time the Dom0 is restarted, the configuration file + must be passed to xl create again to + re-create the DomU. By default, only the Dom0 is created + after a reboot, not the individual VMs. The VMs can + continue where they left off as they stored the operating + system on the virtual disk. The virtual machine + configuration can change over time (for example, when adding + more memory). The virtual machine configuration files must + be properly backed up and kept available to be able to + re-create the guest VM when needed. + + + The output of xl list confirms that the + DomU has been created. + + # xl list +Name ID Mem VCPUs State Time(s) +Domain-0 0 8192 4 r----- 1653.4 +freebsd 1 1024 1 -b---- 663.9 + + To begin the installation of the base operating system, + start the VNC client, directing it to the main network address + of the host or to the IP address defined on the + vnclisten line of + freebsd.cfg. After the operating system + has been installed, shut down the DomU and disconnect the VNC + viewer. Edit freebsd.cfg, removing the + line with the cdrom definition or + commenting it out by inserting a # + character at the beginning of the line. To load this new + configuration, it is necessary to remove the old DomU with + xl destroy, passing either the name or the + id as the parameter. Afterwards, recreate it using the + modified freebsd.cfg. + + # xl destroy freebsd +# xl create freebsd.cfg + + The machine can then be accessed again using the VNC + viewer. This time, it will boot from the virtual disk where + the operating system has been installed and can be used as a + virtual machine. + @@ -34338,9 +34720,9 @@ 隨時套用安全性更新以及升級到新發佈的作業系統版本對管理一個持續運作的系統是非常重要的任務，FreeBSD 內含可以執行這兩項任務的工具程式，叫做 freebsd-update。 - 這個工具程式支援使用 Binary 對 FreeBSD 做安全性與和錯誤更新，不需要手動編譯和安裝修補 (Patch) 或新核心。目前由安全性團隊提供支援的 Binary 更新可用於所有的架構和發行版。支援的發行版清單及各自的支援期限列於 http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/。 + 這個工具程式支援使用 Binary 對 FreeBSD 做安全性與和錯誤更新，不需要手動編譯和安裝修補 (Patch) 或新核心。目前由安全性團隊提供支援的 Binary 更新可用於所有的架構和發行版。支援的發行版清單及各自的支援期限列於 https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/。 - 這個工具程式也支援升級作業系統到次要的發佈版以及升級到另一個發佈版分支。在升級到新的發佈版本前，需先查看該版本的發佈公告，因為發行公告中包含了該發行版本的相關重要資訊。發行公告可自 http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ 取得。 + 這個工具程式也支援升級作業系統到次要的發佈版以及升級到另一個發佈版分支。在升級到新的發佈版本前，需先查看該版本的發佈公告，因為發行公告中包含了該發行版本的相關重要資訊。發行公告可自 https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ 取得。 如果有使用 crontab 來執行 freebsd-update8，則必須在升級作業系統前先關閉。 @@ -34584,11 +34966,11 @@ Updating and Upgrading - 文件是 FreeBSD 作業系統不可或缺的一部份。在最新版本的 FreeBSD 文件可在 FreeBSD 網站 (http://www.freebsd.org/doc/) 取得的同時，也可很簡單的取得 FreeBSD 網站、使用手冊、FAQ 及文章的本地複本。 + 說明文件是 FreeBSD 作業系統不可或缺的一部份。最新版本的 FreeBSD 文件除了可在 FreeBSD 網站 (https://www.freebsd.org/doc/) 取得，也可很簡單的取得本地的 FreeBSD 網站、使用手冊、FAQ 及文章副本。 本節將說明如何使用原始碼與 FreeBSD Port 套件集來取得最新版本 FreeBSD 文件本地複本。 - 要取得編輯與提出修正文件相關的資訊請參考 FreeBSD 文件計畫入門書 (http://www.freebsd.org/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/)。 + 有關編輯與提出修正說明文件的資訊，請參考 FreeBSD 文件計畫入門書 (https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/)。 自原始碼更新說明文件 @@ -34726,7 +35108,7 @@ # cd /usr/ports/misc/freebsd-doc-en # make install clean - Port 提供設定選單來指定要編譯與安裝的格式，預設為分頁的 HTML　(類似 http://www.FreeBSD.org 使用的格式) 以及 PDF。 + Port 提供設定選單來指定要編譯與安裝的格式，預設會選擇分頁的 HTML (類似 http://www.FreeBSD.org 使用的格式) 以及 PDF。 此外，編譯文件 Port 時也可指定數個 make 選項，包括： @@ -34758,8 +35140,8 @@ 以下範例使用變數來安裝 PDF 的匈牙利語文件到特定目錄： - # cd /usr/ports/misc/freebsd-doc-hu -# make -DWITH_PDF DOCBASE=share/doc/freebsd/hu install clean + # cd /usr/ports/misc/freebsd-doc-hu +# make -DWITH_PDF DOCBASE=share/doc/freebsd/hu install clean 文件套件或 Port 可以依 的說明更新。例如以下指令會使用 ports-mgmt/portmaster 更新已安裝的匈牙利語文件： @@ -34835,8 +35217,8 @@ - - 從原始碼更新 FreeBSD + + 從原始碼更新 FreeBSD 從編譯原始碼來更新 FreeBSD 比起用 Binary 更新有幾項優點，在編譯程式碼時可以自訂選項來充分運用特定硬體，部份基礎系統可以使用非預設的設定值編譯，或是在不需要或不想要的時候跳過編譯。使用編譯的程序來更新系統比起安裝 Binary 來更新會耗時許多，但能夠完整自訂一個量身定做版本的 FreeBSD。 @@ -34866,7 +35248,7 @@ - 從原始碼編譯之前與之後任何需要手動操作步驟會在 /usr/src/UPDATING 中有說明。 + 檢查 /usr/src/UPDATING 看是否有任後在原始碼編譯之前或之後需要手動操作的步驟。 @@ -34878,11 +35260,11 @@ - 編譯並安裝核心，此動作等同於同時做 buildkernel installkernel。 + 編譯並安裝核心，此動作等同於 make buildkernel installkernel。 - Reboot the system to the new kernel. + 重新啟動系統以使用新的核心。 @@ -34947,11 +35329,11 @@ X.Y-RELEASE - base/releng/X.Y + base/releng/X.Y 發佈版本加上關鍵的安全性與錯誤修正，較建議大多數使用者使用這個分支。 - + X.Y-STABLE base/stable/X @@ -34975,11 +35357,7 @@ # uname -r 10.3-RELEASE - Based on - , the - source used to update 10.3-RELEASE has - a repository path of base/releng/10.3. - That path is used when checking out the source: + 根據 ，要更新 10.3-RELEASE 需使用的原始碼檔案庫路徑為 base/releng/10.3，在取出 (checkout) 原始碼時便要使用這個路徑： # mv /usr/src /usr/src.bak # svn checkout https://svn.freebsd.org/base/releng/10.3 /usr/src @@ -34999,7 +35377,7 @@ 從原始碼編譯 - 編譯世界 (world) 即編譯整個作業系統除了核心 (Kernel)，要先做這個動作以便提供最新的工具來編譯核心，接著便可編譯核心： + 編譯世界 (world) 即編譯整個作業系統除了核心 (Kernel)，要先做這個動作以便提供最新的工具來編譯核心，接著便可編譯核心： # cd /usr/src # make buildworld @@ -39639,7 +40017,7 @@ - 網域名稱系統 (Domain Name System, DNS) + 網域名稱系統 (DNS) The Domain Name System (DNS) and its daemon named play a large role in @@ -39754,7 +40132,7 @@ addresses can be found in the FreeBSD sample configuration, /etc/mail/access.sample: - # $FreeBSD$ + # $FreeBSD$ # # Mail relay access control list. Default is to reject mail unless the # destination is local, or listed in /etc/mail/local-host-names @@ -40089,7 +40467,7 @@ The default /etc/mail/mailer.conf looks like this: - # $FreeBSD$ + # $FreeBSD$ # # Execute the "real" sendmail program, named /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail # @@ -40127,10 +40505,10 @@ sendmail /usr/local/sbin/ssmtp send-mail /usr/local/sbin/ssmtp -mailq /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail -newaliases /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail -hoststat /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail -purgestat /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail +mailq /usr/local/sbin/ssmtp +newaliases /usr/local/sbin/ssmtp +hoststat /usr/bin/true +purgestat /usr/bin/true Once everything is configured, it is recommended to reboot the system. Rebooting provides the opportunity to ensure that @@ -43967,40 +44345,22 @@ --> - 網域名稱系統 (Domain Name System, <acronym>DNS</acronym>) + 網域名稱系統 (<acronym>DNS</acronym>) DNS - Domain Name System (DNS) is the protocol - through which domain names are mapped to IP - addresses, and vice versa. DNS is - coordinated across the Internet through a somewhat complex - system of authoritative root, Top Level Domain - (TLD), and other smaller-scale name servers, - which host and cache individual domain information. It is not - necessary to run a name server to perform - DNS lookups on a system. + 網域名稱系統 (Domain Name System, DNS) 是一種協定用來轉換網域名稱為 IP 位址，反之亦然。DNS 會協調網際網路上有權的根節點 (Authoritative root)、最上層網域 (Top Level Domain, TLD) 及其他小規模名稱伺服器來取得結果，而這些伺服器可管理與快取個自的網域資訊。要在系統上做 DNS 查詢並不需要架設一個名稱伺服器。 BIND - In FreeBSD 10, the Berkeley Internet Name Domain - (BIND) has been removed from the base system - and replaced with Unbound. Unbound as configured in the FreeBSD - Base is a local caching resolver. BIND is - still available from The Ports Collection as dns/bind99 or dns/bind98. In FreeBSD 9 and lower, - BIND is included in FreeBSD Base. The FreeBSD - version provides enhanced security features, a new file system - layout, and automated chroot8 configuration. - BIND is maintained by the Internet Systems - Consortium. + 在 FreeBSD 10，已自基礎系統移除了 Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND)，並替換為 Unbound。Unbound 被設置來做為 FreeBSD 的基礎中的本地快取解析程式。BIND 仍可以自 Port 套件集取得，名稱為 dns/bind99 或 dns/bind98。在 FreeBSD 9 與較先前的版本，FreeBSD 基礎系統中是內建 BIND，FreeBSD 的版本提供了增強的安全性功能、新檔案系統配置及自動化 chroot8 設置，而 BIND 是由 Internet Systems Consortium 所維護。 resolver reverse DNS root zone - The following table describes some of the terms associated - with DNS: + 以下表格會說明一些與 DNS 有關的術語： <acronym>DNS</acronym> 術語 @@ -44018,48 +44378,39 @@ - Forward DNS - Mapping of hostnames to IP - addresses. + 正向 DNS (Forward DNS) + 將主機名稱對應 IP 位址的動作。 - Origin - Refers to the domain covered in a particular zone - file. + 源頭 (Origin) + 代表某個轄區檔案中所涵蓋的網域。 named, BIND - Common names for the BIND name server package - within FreeBSD. + 在 FreeBSD 中對 BIND 名稱伺服器套件的通用稱呼。 - Resolver - A system process through which a machine queries - a name server for zone information. + 解析器 (Resolver) + 主機向名稱伺服器查詢轄區資訊的系統程序。 - Reverse DNS - Mapping of IP addresses to - hostnames. + 反向 DNS (Reverse DNS) + 將 IP 對應主機名稱的動作。 - Root zone + 根轄區 (Root zone) - The beginning of the Internet zone hierarchy. All - zones fall under the root zone, similar to how all files - in a file system fall under the root directory. + 網際網路轄區階層的最開始，所有的轄區會在根轄區之下，類似在檔案系統中所有的檔案會在根目錄底下。 - Zone - An individual domain, subdomain, or portion of the - DNS administered by the same - authority. + 轄區 (Zone) + 獨立的網域、子網域或或由相同授權 (Authority) 管理的部分 DNS。 @@ -44070,144 +44421,88 @@ examples - Examples of zones: + 轄區範例： - . is how the root zone is - usually referred to in documentation. + . 是一般在文件中表達根轄區的方式。 - org. is a Top Level Domain - (TLD) under the root zone. + org. 是一個在根轄區底下的最上層網域 (Top Level Domain , TLD)。 - example.org. is a zone - under the org. - TLD. + example.org. 是一個在 org. TLD 底下的轄區。 - 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa is a - zone referencing all IP addresses which - fall under the 192.168.1.* - IP address space. + 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa 是一個轄區用來代表所有在 192.168.1.* IP 位址空間底下的 IP 位址。 - As one can see, the more specific part of a hostname - appears to its left. For example, example.org. is more - specific than org., as - org. is more specific than the root - zone. The layout of each part of a hostname is much like a file - system: the /dev directory falls within the - root, and so on. + 如您所見，更詳細的主機名稱會加在左方，例如 example.org. 比 org. 更具體，如同 org. 比根轄區更具體，主機名稱每一部份的架構很像檔案系統：/dev 目錄在根目錄底下，以此類推。 - 要執行名稱伺服器的原因 + 要架設名稱伺服器的原因 - Name servers generally come in two forms: authoritative - name servers, and caching (also known as resolving) name - servers. + 名稱伺服器通常有兩種形式：有權的 (Authoritative) 名稱伺服器與快取 (或稱解析) 名稱伺服器。 - An authoritative name server is needed when: + 以下情況會需要一台有權的名稱伺服器： - One wants to serve DNS information - to the world, replying authoritatively to queries. + 想要提供 DNS 資訊給全世界，做為官方回覆查詢。 - A domain, such as example.org, is - registered and IP addresses need to be - assigned to hostnames under it. + 已經註冊了一個網域，例如 example.org，且要將 IP 位址分配到主機名稱下。 - An IP address block requires - reverse DNS entries - (IP to hostname). + 一段 IP 位址範圍需要反向 DNS 項目 (IP 轉主機名稱)。 - A backup or second name server, called a slave, will - reply to queries. + 要有一台備援或次要名稱伺服器用來回覆查詢。 - A caching name server is needed when: + 以下情況會需要一台快取名稱伺服器： - A local DNS server may cache and - respond more quickly than querying an outside name - server. + 比起查詢外部的名稱伺服器本地 DNS 伺服器可以快取並更快的回應。 - When one queries for www.FreeBSD.org, the - resolver usually queries the uplink ISP's - name server, and retrieves the reply. With a local, caching - DNS server, the query only has to be made - once to the outside world by the caching - DNS server. Additional queries will not - have to go outside the local network, since the information is - cached locally. + 當查詢 www.FreeBSD.org 時，解析程式通常會查詢上游 ISP 的名稱伺服器然後接收其回覆，使用本地、快取 DNS 伺服器，只需要由快取 DNS 伺服器對外部做一次查詢，其他的查詢則不需要再向區域網路之外查詢，因為這些資訊已經在本地被快取了。 <acronym>DNS</acronym> 伺服器設定於 FreeBSD 10.0 及之後版本 - In FreeBSD 10.0, BIND has been - replaced with Unbound. - Unbound is a validating caching - resolver only. If an authoritative server is needed, many are - available from the Ports Collection. + 於 FreeBSD 10.0，BIND 已被替換為 Unbound，Unbound 只會驗證快取解析程式，若需要有權的 (Authoritative) 伺服器，有很多可在 Port 套件集找到。 - Unbound is provided in the FreeBSD - base system. By default, it will provide - DNS resolution to the local machine only. - While the base system package can be configured to provide - resolution services beyond the local machine, it is - recommended that such requirements be addressed by installing - Unbound from the FreeBSD Ports - Collection. + Unbound 由 FreeBSD 基礎系統提供，預設只會提供本機的 DNS 解析，雖然基礎系統的套件可被設定提供本機以外的解析服務，但要解決這樣的需求仍建議安裝 FreeBSD Port 套件集中的 Unbound。 - To enable Unbound, add the - following to /etc/rc.conf: + 要開啟 Unbound 可加入下行到 /etc/rc.conf： local_unbound_enable="YES" - Any existing nameservers in - /etc/resolv.conf will be configured as - forwarders in the new Unbound - configuration. + 任何已存在於 /etc/resolv.conf 中的名稱伺服器會在新的 Unbound 設定中被設為追隨者 (Forwarder)。 - If any of the listed nameservers do not support - DNSSEC, local DNS - resolution will fail. Be sure to test each nameserver and - remove any that fail the test. The following command will - show the trust tree or a failure for a nameserver running on - 192.168.1.1: + 若任一個列在清單中的名稱伺服器不支援 DNSSEC，則本地的 DNS 解析便會失敗，請確認有測試每一台名稱伺服器並移除所有測試失敗的項目。以下指令會顯示出信認樹或在 192.168.1.1 上執行失敗的名稱伺服器： % drill -S FreeBSD.org @192.168.1.1 - Once each nameserver is confirmed to support - DNSSEC, start - Unbound: + 確認完每一台名稱伺服器都支援 DNSSEC 後啟動 Unbound： # service local_unbound onestart - This will take care of updating - /etc/resolv.conf so that queries for - DNSSEC secured domains will now work. For - example, run the following to validate the FreeBSD.org - DNSSEC trust tree: + 這將會更新 /etc/resolv.conf 來讓查詢已用 DNSSEC 確保安全的網域現在可以運作。 % drill -S FreeBSD.org ;; Number of trusted keys: 1 @@ -44233,8 +44528,7 @@ DNS 伺服器設定於 FreeBSD 9.<replaceable>X</replaceable> - In FreeBSD, the BIND daemon is called - named. + 在 FreeBSD 中，會稱 BIND daemon 為 named。 @@ -44248,37 +44542,28 @@ named8 - The BIND daemon. + BIND daemon 本身。 rndc8 - Name server control utility. + 名稱伺服器控制工具。 /etc/namedb - Directory where BIND zone information - resides. + 儲存 BIND 轄區 (Zone) 資訊的目錄。 /etc/namedb/named.conf - Configuration file of the daemon. + Daemon 的設定檔。 - Depending on how a given zone is configured on the server, - the files related to that zone can be found in the - master, - slave, or - dynamic subdirectories - of the /etc/namedb - directory. These files contain the DNS - information that will be given out by the name server in - response to queries. + 依指定轄區在伺服器上設定的方式，與該轄區相關的檔案會存放在 /etc/namedb 目錄中的 master, slave 或 dynamic 子目錄，這些檔案中會含有 DNS 資訊，會在名稱伺服器回覆查詢時使用到。 啟動 BIND @@ -44288,32 +44573,17 @@ starting - Since BIND is installed by default, configuring it is - relatively simple. + 由於 BIND 預設已經安裝，要設定它相對簡單。 - The default named - configuration is that of a basic resolving name server, - running in a chroot8 environment, and restricted to - listening on the local IPv4 loopback address (127.0.0.1). - To start the server one time with this configuration, use - the following command: + 預設的 named 設定成只做基本的名稱解析伺服器，運作於 chroot8 環境中，並限制只傾聽本地 IPv4 loopback 位址 (127.0.0.1)，若只要使用這個設定啟動伺服器一次可使用以下指令： # service named onestart - To ensure the named daemon is - started at boot each time, put the following line into the - /etc/rc.conf: + 要讓 named 在每次開機都會啟動，可加入下行到 /etc/rc.conf： named_enable="YES" - There are many configuration options for - /etc/namedb/named.conf that are beyond - the scope of this document. Other startup options for - named on FreeBSD can be found in the - named_* flags - in /etc/defaults/rc.conf and in - rc.conf5. The - section is also a good read. + 還有許多 /etc/namedb/named.conf 的設定選項以超出本文章的範圍，named 其他在 FreeBSD 上的啟動選項可在 /etc/defaults/rc.conf 與在 rc.conf5 中尋找 named_* 項目，也建議閱讀 一節。 @@ -44324,16 +44594,12 @@ configuration files - Configuration files for named - currently reside in /etc/namedb - directory and will need modification before use unless all - that is needed is a simple resolver. This is where most of - the configuration will be performed. + named 的設定檔目前儲存在 /etc/namedb 目錄中且使用前必須先做修改，除非您只需要它做簡單的解析，這也是需要做最多設定的地方。 <filename>/etc/namedb/named.conf</filename> - // $FreeBSD$ + // $FreeBSD$ // // Refer to the named.conf(5) and named(8) man pages, and the documentation // in /usr/share/doc/bind9 for more details. @@ -44389,22 +44655,10 @@ // named_auto_forward_only (the effect of which is described above). // include "/etc/namedb/auto_forward.conf"; - Just as the comment says, to benefit from an uplink's - cache, forwarders can be enabled here. - Under normal circumstances, a name server will recursively - query the Internet looking at certain name servers until - it finds the answer it is looking for. Having this - enabled will have it query the uplink's name server (or - name server provided) first, taking advantage of its - cache. If the uplink name server in question is a heavily - trafficked, fast name server, enabling this may be - worthwhile. + 如同註解所述，要利用上游的快取功能，可以在此啟動 forwarders，正常的情況下，名稱伺服器會在網際網路上做遞迴查詢來尋找特定名稱伺服器，直到找到要查詢的答案，開啟快取功能會讓名稱伺服器先查詢上游的名稱伺服器 (或自行設定的名稱伺服器) 來利用該伺服器的快取，若查詢的上游名稱伺服器是有規模營運且快速的名稱伺服器，則開啟此功能是相當值得的。 - 127.0.0.1 - will not work here. Change this - IP address to a name server at the - uplink. + 在此處使用 127.0.0.1 會沒有作用，請更改此 IP 位址為上游的名稱伺服器。 /* @@ -44646,53 +44900,36 @@ }; */ - In named.conf, these are examples - of slave entries for a forward and reverse zone. + 在 named.conf 中，這些為正向與反向轄區的備援 (Slave) 項目範例。 - For each new zone served, a new zone entry must be - added to named.conf. + 每一個要提供的新轄區 (Zone)，都必須在 named.conf 加入新轄區的項目。 - For example, the simplest zone entry for - example.org - can look like: + 以最簡單的轄區項目 example.org 來舉例： zone "example.org" { type master; file "master/example.org"; }; - The zone is a master, as indicated by the - statement, holding its zone - information in - /etc/namedb/master/example.org - indicated by the statement. + 該轄區的角色為主要 (Master)，使用 述敘句來指定，該轄區的資訊會儲存在 /etc/namedb/master/example.org，使用 述敘句來指定。 zone "example.org" { type slave; file "slave/example.org"; }; - In the slave case, the zone information is transferred - from the master name server for the particular zone, and - saved in the file specified. If and when the master - server dies or is unreachable, the slave name server will - have the transferred zone information and will be able to - serve it. + 若為次要轄區，則會由主要名稱伺服器接收特定轄區的轄區資訊，並儲存到指定的檔案，若主要伺服器故障或無法連線，次要名稱伺服器會有先前接收過的轄區資訊可用來繼續提供服務。 - Zone Files + 轄區檔案 BIND zone files - An example master zone file for - example.org - (existing within - /etc/namedb/master/example.org) is as - follows: + example.org 的主要轄區檔範例 (位於 /etc/namedb/master/example.org) 如下： $TTL 3600 ; 1 hour default TTL example.org. IN SOA ns1.example.org. admin.example.org. ( @@ -44723,13 +44960,9 @@ ; Aliases www IN CNAME example.org. - Note that every hostname ending in a . - is an exact hostname, whereas everything without a - trailing . is relative to the origin. For - example, ns1 is translated into - ns1.example.org. + 注意，每個有以 . 號結尾的主機是完整的主機名稱，也就是說，若沒有以 . 結尾則是該源頭 (Origin) 的相對主機名稱。例如 ns1 會被轉換成 ns1.example.org.。 - The format of a zone file follows: + 轄區檔案的格式如下： recordname IN recordtype value @@ -44738,15 +44971,14 @@ records - The most commonly used DNS - records: + 最常用到的 DNS 記錄有： SOA - start of zone authority + 開始轄區授權 (Authority) @@ -44754,7 +44986,7 @@ NS - an authoritative name server + 一台有權的名稱伺服器 @@ -44762,7 +44994,7 @@ A - a host address + 主機位址 @@ -44770,7 +45002,7 @@ CNAME - the canonical name for an alias + 別名的正規名稱 (Canonical name) @@ -44778,7 +45010,7 @@ MX - mail exchanger + 郵件交換器 (Mail exchanger) @@ -44786,8 +45018,7 @@ PTR - a domain name pointer (used in reverse - DNS) + 網域名稱指標 (用在反向 DNS) @@ -44804,8 +45035,7 @@ example.org. - the domain name, also the origin for this - zone file. + 網域名稱，也同樣是此轄區檔案的源頭 (Origin)。 @@ -44813,8 +45043,7 @@ ns1.example.org. - the primary/authoritative name server for this - zone. + 此轄區主要/有權的名稱伺服器。 @@ -44822,10 +45051,7 @@ admin.example.org. - the responsible person for this zone, - email address with @ - replaced. (admin@example.org becomes - admin.example.org) + 此轄區的負責人，將 @ 取代後的電子郵件位址。 (admin@example.org 會變成 admin.example.org) @@ -44833,25 +45059,14 @@ 2006051501 - the serial number of the file. This must be - incremented each time the zone file is modified. - Nowadays, many admins prefer a - yyyymmddrr format for the serial - number. 2006051501 would mean - last modified 05/15/2006, the latter - 01 being the first time the zone - file has been modified this day. The serial number - is important as it alerts slave name servers for a - zone when it is updated. + 該檔案的序號，每次修改轄區檔案之後應該增加此序號，目前許多管理者會偏好採用 yyyymmddrr 格式來編號，如 2006051501 代表最後一次修改於 2006 年 5 月 15 號，再後面的 01 代表這是在那一天做的第一次修改，序號的編號很重要，因為它會在更新轄區之後用來通知備援 (Slave) 的名稱伺服器。 IN NS ns1.example.org. - This is an NS entry. Every name server that is going - to reply authoritatively for the zone must have one of - these entries. + 這是一個 NS 項目，每個要有權力能做回覆的名稱伺服器必須具有至少設定一個項目。 localhost IN A 127.0.0.1 ns1 IN A 192.168.1.2 @@ -44859,27 +45074,15 @@ mx IN A 192.168.1.4 mail IN A 192.168.1.5 - The A record indicates machine names. As seen above, - ns1.example.org would - resolve to 192.168.1.2. + A 記錄代表主機名稱，以上述例子來說，ns1.example.org 會解析為 192.168.1.2。 IN A 192.168.1.1 - This line assigns IP address - 192.168.1.1 to - the current origin, in this case example.org. + 這行會分配 IP 位址 192.168.1.1 給目前的源頭 (Origin)，在這個例子為 example.org。 www IN CNAME @ - The canonical name record is usually used for giving - aliases to a machine. In the example, - www is aliased to the - master machine whose name happens to be the - same as the domain name - example.org - (192.168.1.1). - CNAMEs can never be used together with another kind of - record for the same hostname. + canonical name 記錄通常用來替主機設定別名，在這個例子中 www 是 master 主機的別名，其名稱會與網域名稱 example.org (192.168.1.1) 相同。CNAME 不能與其他類型的記錄同時用在一個主機上。 MX record @@ -44887,22 +45090,11 @@ IN MX 10 mail.example.org. - The MX record indicates which mail servers are - responsible for handling incoming mail for the zone. - mail.example.org is - the hostname of a mail server, and 10 is the priority of - that mail server. + MX 記錄用來指定該轄區要負責處理內寄郵件的郵件伺服器，mail.example.org 是郵件伺服器的主機名稱，而 10 是該郵件伺服器的優先順序。 - One can have several mail servers, with priorities of - 10, 20 and so on. A mail server attempting to deliver to - example.org - would first try the highest priority MX (the record with - the lowest priority number), then the second highest, etc, - until the mail can be properly delivered. + 一個轄區可以有很多台郵件伺服器，每一台使用不同的優先順序 10, 20 以此類推，一台郵件伺服器嘗試要寄件給 example.org 會先嘗試優先順序最高的 MX (優先順序數字最低的記錄)，然後第二高的，接著繼續，直到郵件被寄出。 - For in-addr.arpa zone files (reverse - DNS), the same format is used, except - with PTR entries instead of A or CNAME. + in-addr.arpa 轄區檔案 (反向 DNS) 也使用相同的格式，除了項目要改使用 PTR 而非 A 或 CNAME。 $TTL 3600 @@ -44922,13 +45114,9 @@ 4 IN PTR mx.example.org. 5 IN PTR mail.example.org. - This file gives the proper IP - address to hostname mappings for the above fictitious - domain. + 這個檔案會對上述虛擬網域給予 IP 位置到主機名稱的正確對應表。 - It is worth noting that all names on the right side - of a PTR record need to be fully qualified (i.e., end in - a .). + 值得注意的是，所有在 PTR 記錄右邊的名字必須要是完整的 (即以 . 結尾)。 @@ -44940,10 +45128,7 @@ caching name server - A caching name server is a name server whose primary - role is to resolve recursive queries. It simply asks - queries of its own, and remembers the answers for later - use. + 快取名稱伺服器是一種主要用來解析遞迴查詢的名稱伺服器，它只會詢問自己的查詢並記住結果供以後使用。 @@ -44955,67 +45140,19 @@ extensions - Domain Name System Security Extensions, or DNSSEC - for short, is a suite of specifications to protect resolving - name servers from forged DNS data, such - as spoofed DNS records. By using digital - signatures, a resolver can verify the integrity of the - record. Note that DNSSEC only provides integrity via - digitally signing the Resource Records (RRs). It provides - neither confidentiality nor protection against false - end-user assumptions. This means that it cannot protect - against people going to - example.net - instead of - example.com. - The only thing DNSSEC does is - authenticate that the data has not been compromised in - transit. The security of DNS is an - important step in securing the Internet in general. For - more in-depth details of how DNSSEC - works, the relevant RFCs are a good place - to start. See the list in - . + 網域名稱系統安全性擴充 (Domain Name System Security Extension)，或簡稱 DNSSEC，是一套規範，用來保護解析名稱伺服器收到偽造的 DNS 資料，如：假 DNS 記錄，利用數位簽章，解析器可以驗証記錄的正確性。注意，DNSSEC 只提供透過數位簽署資源記錄 (Resource Records, RR) 的方式來確認正確性，這代表它無法保護要前往 example.net 但卻跑去 example.com 的使用者，DNSSEC 所做的唯一一件事便是認証資料在傳輸時沒有被竄改。DNS 的安全性是保護網際網路重要的一步，要取得更進一步有關 DNSSEC 如何運作的資訊可從相關的 RFC 文件開始，請參考 清單。 - The following sections will demonstrate how to enable - DNSSEC for an authoritative - DNS server and a recursive (or caching) - DNS server running - BIND 9. While all versions of - BIND 9 support DNSSEC, - it is necessary to have at least version 9.6.2 in order to - be able to use the signed root zone when validating - DNS queries. This is because earlier - versions lack the required algorithms to enable validation - using the root zone key. It is strongly recommended to use - the latest version of BIND 9.7 or later - to take advantage of automatic key updating for the root - key, as well as other features to automatically keep zones - signed and signatures up to date. Where configurations - differ between 9.6.2 and 9.7 and later, differences will be - pointed out. + 接下來的章節會示範如何在一台運行 BIND 9 的有權的 DNS 伺服器與遞迴 (或快取) DNS 伺服器開啟 DNSSEC。雖然所有 BIND 9 的版本階支援 DNSSEC，但要能夠在驗証 DNS 查詢時使用已簽署的根轄區必須使用版本 9.6.2 以上，這是因為較先前的版本缺少必要的演算法來開啟使用根轄區金鑰驗證的功能，強烈建議使用 BIND 9.7 的最新版本或之後的版本以支援根金鑰的自動自動金鑰更新以及自動確保轄區已簽署與更新簽名為最新版的功能，9.6.2 與 9.7 之後版本的設定會有一些差異，差異點會再特別說明。 Recursive <acronym>DNS</acronym> Server Configuration - Enabling DNSSEC validation of - queries performed by a recursive DNS - server requires a few changes to - named.conf. Before making these - changes the root zone key, or trust anchor, must be - acquired. Currently the root zone key is not available in - a file format BIND understands, so it - has to be manually converted into the proper format. The - key itself can be obtained by querying the root zone for - it using dig. By - running + 需要對 named.conf 做一些修改才能開啟遞迴 DNS 伺服器執行查詢 DNSSEC 的驗証，在做這更改前，必須先取得根轄區金鑰或信任的錨點 (Anchor)，目前 BIND 可用的檔案格式不支援根轄區金鑰 (Root zone key)，因此必須手動轉換為需要的格式，金鑰本身可使用 dig 查詢根轄區來取得，透過執行 % dig +multi +noall +answer DNSKEY . > root.dnskey - the key will end up in - root.dnskey. The contents should - look something like this: + 金鑰會儲存到 root.dnskey，其內容應會如下： . 93910 IN DNSKEY 257 3 8 ( AwEAAagAIKlVZrpC6Ia7gEzahOR+9W29euxhJhVVLOyQ @@ -45034,56 +45171,22 @@ EGJ/1h6dNaiXuRHwR+7oWh7DnzkIJChcTqlFrXDW3tjt ) ; key id = 34525 - Do not be alarmed if the obtained keys differ from - this example. They might have changed since these - instructions were last updated. This output actually - contains two keys. The first key in the listing, with the - value 257 after the DNSKEY record type, is the one needed. - This value indicates that this is a Secure Entry Point - (SEP), - commonly known as a Key Signing Key - (KSK). The - second key, with value 256, is a subordinate key, commonly - called a Zone Signing Key - (ZSK). More on - the different key types later in - . + 若取得的金鑰與此範例不同不要感到訝異，可能在最後一次更新這些操作指示之後有更改過，這個輸出結果實際上包含了兩組金鑰，在清單中的第一組金鑰，即在 DNSKEY 記錄類型之後有數值 257 的這組，是我們需要的，這個數值代表該金鑰是一個 Secure Entry Point (SEP)、俗稱 Key Signing Key (KSK)。第二組金鑰，數值為 256，這是一個附屬金鑰，俗稱 Zone Signing Key (ZSK)。更多有關不同金鑰類型的資訊之後在 會說明。 - Now the key must be verified and formatted so that - BIND can use it. To verify the key, - generate a DS - RR set. Create - a file containing these - RRs with + 現在必須驗証這個金鑰並格式化才可供 BIND 使用。產生 DS RR 集來驗証這個金鑰，使用以下指令建立一個包含這些 RR 的檔案 % dnssec-dsfromkey -f root.dnskey . > root.ds - These records use SHA-1 and SHA-256 respectively, and - should look similar to the following example, where the - longer is using SHA-256. + 這些記錄分別使用 SHA-1 與 SHA-256，且如下範例所示，使用 SHA-256 的段落較長。 . IN DS 19036 8 1 B256BD09DC8DD59F0E0F0D8541B8328DD986DF6E . IN DS 19036 8 2 49AAC11D7B6F6446702E54A1607371607A1A41855200FD2CE1CDDE32F24E8FB5 - The SHA-256 RR can now be compared - to the digest in https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/root-anchors.xml. - To be absolutely sure that the key has not been tampered - with the data in the XML file should be - verified using a proper PGP signature. + SHA-256 RR 現在可以與在 https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/root-anchors.xml 中的 digest 比對。要完全確保該金鑰沒有被竄改，XML 檔案中的資料應使用正確的 PGP 簽名來驗證。 - Next, the key must be formatted properly. This - differs a little between BIND versions - 9.6.2 and 9.7 and later. In version 9.7 support was added - to automatically track changes to the key and update it as - necessary. This is done using - managed-keys as seen in the example - below. When using the older version, the key is added - using a trusted-keys statement and - updates must be done manually. For - BIND 9.6.2 the format should look - like: + 接著，金鑰必須正確的格式化，BIND 版本 9.6.2 與 9.7 及之後的版本有一些不同，在版本 9.7 開始支援自動追蹤對金鑰的變更並在需要的時候更新，這可使用 managed-keys 如下範例所示來達成。若使用較舊的版本，金鑰必須使用 trusted-keys 敘述加入且必須手動更新，供 BIND 9.6.2 的格式如下： trusted-keys { "." 257 3 8 @@ -45096,7 +45199,7 @@ QxA+Uk1ihz0="; }; - For 9.7 the format will instead be: + 供 9.7 的格式則為： managed-keys { "." initial-key 257 3 8 @@ -45109,13 +45212,7 @@ QxA+Uk1ihz0="; }; - The root key can now be added to - named.conf either directly or by - including a file containing the key. After these steps, - configure BIND to do - DNSSEC validation on queries by editing - named.conf and adding the following - to the options directive: + 現在可以直接或透過引用包含金鑰的檔案將根金鑰 (Root key) 加入到 named.conf，完成這些步驟後，編輯 named.conf 來設定 BIND 執行 DNSSEC 在查詢時驗證並加入以下項目到 options 指示項目中： dnssec-enable yes; dnssec-validation yes; @@ -45228,9 +45325,7 @@ located in example.com.db would look similar to - % dnssec-signzone -o - example.com -k Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.KSK example.com.db - Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.ZSK.key + % dnssec-signzone -o example.com -k Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.KSK example.com.db Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.ZSK.key The key supplied to the argument is the KSK and the other key file is @@ -45442,17 +45537,9 @@ setting up Apache - The open source - Apache HTTP Server is the most widely - used web server. FreeBSD does not install this web server by - default, but it can be installed from the - www/apache24 package or port. + 開放源碼的 Apache HTTP Server 是目前最廣泛被使用的網頁伺服器，FreeBSD 預設並不會安裝這個網頁伺服器，但可從 www/apache24 套件或 Port 安裝。 - This section summarizes how to configure and start version - 2.x of the Apache HTTP - Server on FreeBSD. For more detailed information - about Apache 2.X and its - configuration directives, refer to httpd.apache.org. + 本節將會摘要如何設定並啟動在 FreeBSD 上 2.x 版的 Apache HTTP Server，要取得有關 Apache 更詳細的資訊及其設定項目請參考 httpd.apache.org。 設定並啟動 Apache @@ -45460,25 +45547,14 @@ Apache configuration file - In FreeBSD, the main Apache HTTP - Server configuration file is installed as - /usr/local/etc/apache2x/httpd.conf, - where x represents the version - number. This ASCII text file begins - comment lines with a #. The most - frequently modified directives are: + 在 FreeBSD 中，主 Apache HTTP Server 設定檔會安裝於 /usr/local/etc/apache2x/httpd.conf，其中 x 代表版號，這份 ASCII 文字檔中以 # 做為行首的是註解，而最常需修改的項目有： ServerRoot "/usr/local" - Specifies the default directory hierarchy for the - Apache installation. - Binaries are stored in the bin and - sbin subdirectories of the server - root and configuration files are stored in the etc/apache2x - subdirectory. + 指定該 Apache 的預設安裝路徑，Binary 檔會儲存在伺服器根目錄 (Server root) 下的 bin 與 sbin 子目錄，而設定檔會儲存在 etc/apache2x 子目錄。 @@ -45486,9 +45562,7 @@ ServerAdmin you@example.com - Change this to the email address to receive problems - with the server. This address also appears on some - server-generated pages, such as error documents. + 更改此項目為您要接收問題回報的電子郵件位址，這個位址也會顯示在一些伺服器產生的頁面上，如：錯誤頁面。 @@ -45497,15 +45571,7 @@ www.example.com:80 - Allows an administrator to set a hostname which is - sent back to clients for the server. For example, - www can be used instead of the - actual hostname. If the system does not have a - registered DNS name, enter its - IP address instead. If the server - will listen on an alternate report, change - 80 to the alternate port - number. + 讓管理者可以設定伺服器要回傳給客戶端的主機名稱 (Hostname)，例如，www 可以更改為實際的主機名稱，若系統並未有註冊的 DNS 名稱，則可改輸入其 IP 位址，若伺服器需要傾聽其他埠號，可更改 80 為其他埠號。 @@ -45514,89 +45580,45 @@ "/usr/local/www/apache2x/data" - The directory where documents will be served from. - By default, all requests are taken from this directory, - but symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to - other locations. + 提供文件的目錄，預設所有的請求均會到此目錄，但可以使用符號連結與別名來指向其他地方。 - It is always a good idea to make a backup copy of the - default Apache configuration file - before making changes. When the configuration of - Apache is complete, save the file - and verify the configuration using - apachectl. Running apachectl - configtest should return Syntax - OK. + 在對 Apache 設定檔做變更之前，建議先做備份，在 Apache 設定完成之後，儲存讓檔案並使用 apachectl 檢驗設定，執行 apachectl configtest 的結果應回傳 Syntax OK。 Apache starting or stopping - To launch Apache at system - startup, add the following line to - /etc/rc.conf: + 要在系統啟動時執行 Apache，可加入下行到 /etc/rc.conf： apache24_enable="YES" - If Apache should be started - with non-default options, the following line may be added to - /etc/rc.conf to specify the needed - flags: + 若 Apache 要使用非預設的選項啟動，可加入下行到 /etc/rc.conf 來指定所需的旗標參數： apache24_flags="" - If apachectl does not report - configuration errors, start httpd - now: + 若 apachectl 未回報設定錯，則可啟動 httpd： # service apache24 start - The httpd service can be tested by - entering - http://localhost - in a web browser, replacing - localhost with the fully-qualified - domain name of the machine running httpd. - The default web page that is displayed is - /usr/local/www/apache24/data/index.html. + httpd 服務可以透過在網頁瀏覽器中輸入 http://localhost 來測試，將 localhost 更改為執行 httpd 那台主機的完整網域名稱 (Fully-qualified domain name)。預設會顯示的網頁為 /usr/local/www/apache24/data/index.html。 - The Apache configuration can be - tested for errors after making subsequent configuration - changes while httpd is running using the - following command: + 後續若有在 httpd 執行中時修改 Apache 設定檔可使用以下指令來測試是否有誤： # service apache24 configtest - It is important to note that - configtest is not an rc8 standard, - and should not be expected to work for all startup - scripts. + 注意，configtest 並非採用 rc8 標準，不應預期其可在所有的啟動 Script 中正常運作。 虛擬主機 - Virtual hosting allows multiple websites to run on one - Apache server. The virtual hosts - can be IP-based or - name-based. - IP-based virtual hosting uses a different - IP address for each website. Name-based - virtual hosting uses the clients HTTP/1.1 headers to figure - out the hostname, which allows the websites to share the same - IP address. + 虛擬主機允許在一個 Apache 伺服器執行多個網站，虛擬主機可以是以 IP 為主 (IP-based) 或以名稱為主 (name-based)。以 IP 為主的虛擬主機中的每一個網站要使用不同的 IP 位址。以名稱為主的虛擬主機會使用客戶端的 HTTP/1.1 標頭來判斷主機名稱，這可讓不同的網站共用相同的 IP 位址。 - To setup Apache to use - name-based virtual hosting, add a - VirtualHost block for each website. For - example, for the webserver named www.domain.tld with a - virtual domain of www.someotherdomain.tld, - add the following entries to - httpd.conf: + 要設定 Apache 使用以名稱為主的虛擬主機可在每一個網站加入 VirtualHost 區塊，例如，有一個名稱為 www.domain.tld 的主機擁有一個 www.someotherdomain.tld 的虛擬網域，可加入以下項目到 httpd.conf： <VirtualHost *> ServerName www.domain.tld @@ -45608,14 +45630,9 @@ DocumentRoot /www/someotherdomain.tld </VirtualHost> - For each virtual host, replace the values for - ServerName and - DocumentRoot with the values to be - used. + 每一個虛擬主機均需更改其 ServerName 與 DocumentRoot 的值為實際要使用的值。 - For more information about setting up virtual hosts, - consult the official Apache - documentation at: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/vhosts/. + 更多有關設定虛擬主機的資訊，可參考 Apache 官方說明文件於：http://httpd.apache.org/docs/vhosts/。 @@ -45624,20 +45641,9 @@ Apache modules - Apache uses modules to augment - the functionality provided by the basic server. Refer to http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/ - for a complete listing of and the configuration details for - the available modules. + Apache 使用模組 (Module) 來擴充伺服器所提供的功能。請參考 http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/ 來取得可用模組的完整清單與設定詳細資訊。 - In FreeBSD, some modules can be compiled with the - www/apache24 port. Type make - config within - /usr/ports/www/apache24 to see which - modules are available and which are enabled by default. If - the module is not compiled with the port, the FreeBSD Ports - Collection provides an easy way to install many modules. This - section describes three of the most commonly used - modules. + 在 FreeBSD 中有些模組可以隨著 www/apache24 Port 編譯，只要在 /usr/ports/www/apache24 輸入 make config 便可查看有那一些模組是預設開啟的，若模組未與 Port 一併編譯，FreeBSD Port 套件集也提供了一個簡單的方式可安裝各種模組，本節將介紹最常使用的三個模組。 <filename>mod_ssl</filename> @@ -45649,18 +45655,9 @@ SSL cryptography - The mod_ssl module uses the - OpenSSL library to provide strong - cryptography via the Secure Sockets Layer - (SSLv3) and Transport Layer Security - (TLSv1) protocols. This module provides - everything necessary to request a signed certificate from a - trusted certificate signing authority to run a secure web - server on FreeBSD. + mod_ssl 模組利用了 OpenSSL 透過 Secure Sockets Layer (SSLv3) 與 Transport Layer Security (TLSv1) 通訊協定來提供強大的加密，這個模組提供了向受信認的憑証簽署機構申請簽章憑証所需的任何東西，讓 FreeBSD 上能夠執行安全的網頁伺服器。 - In FreeBSD, mod_ssl module is enabled - by default in both the package and the port. The available - configuration directives are explained at http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_ssl.html. + 在 FreeBSD 中 mod_ssl 模組預設在套件與 Port 均是開啟的，可用的設定項目在 http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_ssl.html 會說明。 @@ -45671,17 +45668,9 @@ Perl - The - mod_perl module makes it possible to - write Apache modules in - Perl. In addition, the - persistent interpreter embedded in the server avoids the - overhead of starting an external interpreter and the penalty - of Perl start-up time. + mod_perl 模組讓您可以使用 Perl 撰寫 Apache 模組，除此之外，嵌入到伺服器的直譯器可避免啟動外部直譯器的額外開銷與 Perl 耗費的啟動時間。 - The mod_perl can be installed using - the www/mod_perl2 package or port. - Documentation for using this module can be found at http://perl.apache.org/docs/2.0/index.html. + mod_perl 可以使用 www/mod_perl2 套件或 Port 安裝，有關使用此模組的說明文件可在 http://perl.apache.org/docs/2.0/index.html 中找到。 @@ -45704,22 +45693,9 @@ PHP - PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor - (PHP) is a general-purpose scripting - language that is especially suited for web development. - Capable of being embedded into HTML, its - syntax draws upon C, Java, and - Perl with the intention of - allowing web developers to write dynamically generated - webpages quickly. + PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) 是一般用途的腳本 (Script) 語言，特別適用於網站開發，能夠嵌入在 HTML 當中，它的語法參考自 C, Java 及 Perl，目的在讓網頁開發人員能快速的寫出動態網頁。 - To gain support for PHP5 for the - Apache web server, install the - www/mod_php56 package or port. This will - install and configure the modules required to support - dynamic PHP applications. The - installation will automatically add this line to - /usr/local/etc/apache24/httpd.conf: + 要在 Apache 網頁伺服器上加入對 PHP5 的支援，可安裝 www/mod_php56 套件或 Port，這會安裝並設定支援動態 PHP 應用程式所需的模組。安裝過程會自動加入下行到 /usr/local/etc/apache24/httpd.conf： LoadModule php5_module libexec/apache24/libphp5.so @@ -45736,27 +45712,15 @@ --> - Then, perform a graceful restart to load the - PHP module: + 接著，執行 graceful 重新啟動來載入 PHP 模組： # apachectl graceful - The PHP support provided by - www/mod_php56 is limited. Additional - support can be installed using the - lang/php56-extensions port which provides - a menu driven interface to the available - PHP extensions. + 由 www/mod_php56 所提供的 PHP 支援是有限的，若需要額外的支援可以使用 lang/php56-extensions Port 來安裝，該 Port 提供了選單介面來選擇可用的 PHP 擴充套件。 - Alternatively, individual extensions can be installed - using the appropriate port. For instance, to add - PHP support for the - MySQL database server, install - databases/php56-mysql. + 或者，可以找到適當的 Port 來安裝各別的擴充套件，例如，要增加 PHP 對 MySQL 資料庫伺服器的支援可安裝 databases/php56-mysql。 - After installing an extension, the - Apache server must be reloaded to - pick up the new configuration changes: + 在安裝完擴充套件之後，必須重新載入 Apache 伺服器來使用新的設定值： # apachectl graceful @@ -45770,11 +45734,7 @@ dynamic - In addition to mod_perl and - mod_php, other languages are - available for creating dynamic web content. These include - Django and - Ruby on Rails. + 除了 mod_perl 與 mod_php 外，也有其他語言可用來建立動態網頁內容，這包含了 Django 與 Ruby on Rails。 Django @@ -45782,43 +45742,13 @@ Python Django - Django is a BSD-licensed - framework designed to allow developers to write high - performance, elegant web applications quickly. It provides - an object-relational mapper so that data types are developed - as Python objects. A rich - dynamic database-access API is provided - for those objects without the developer ever having to write - SQL. It also provides an extensible - template system so that the logic of the application is - separated from the HTML - presentation. + Django 是以 BSD 授權的框架 (Framework)，指在讓開發人員能快速的寫出高效、優雅的網頁應用程式。它提供了物件關聯對應器 (Object-relational mapper)，所以各種資料型態可當做 Python 的物件來開發，且提供了豐富的動態資料庫存取 API 給這些物件，讓開發人員不再需要寫 SQL。它也同時提供了可擴充的樣板系統，來讓應用程式的邏輯與 HTML 呈現能夠被拆開。 - Django depends on mod_python, and - an SQL database engine. In FreeBSD, the - www/py-django port automatically installs - mod_python and supports the - PostgreSQL, - MySQL, or - SQLite databases, with the - default being SQLite. To change - the database engine, type make config - within /usr/ports/www/py-django, then - install the port. + Django 需要 mod_python，以及一個 SQL 資料庫引擎才能運作。在 FreeBSD 中的 www/py-django Port 會自動安裝 mod_python 以及對 PostgreSQL, MySQL 或 SQLite 資料庫的支援，預設為 SQLite，要更改資料庫引擎可在 /usr/ports/www/py-django 輸入 make config 然後再安裝該 Port。 - Once Django is installed, the - application will need a project directory along with the - Apache configuration in order to - use the embedded Python - interpreter. This interpreter is used to call the - application for specific URLs on the - site. + Django 安裝完成之後，應用程式會需要一個專案目錄並搭配 Apache 設定才能使用內嵌的 Python 直譯器，此直譯器會用來呼叫網站上指定 URL 的應用程式。 - To configure Apache to pass - requests for certain URLs to the web - application, add the following to - httpd.conf, specifying the full path to - the project directory: + 要設定 Apache 傳遞某個 URL 請求到網站應用程式，可加入下行到 httpd.conf 來指定專案目錄的完整路徑： <Location "/"> SetHandler python-program @@ -45829,9 +45759,7 @@ PythonDebug On </Location> - Refer to https://docs.djangoproject.com - for more information on how to use - Django. + 請參考 https://docs.djangoproject.com 來取得如何使用 Django 的更多資訊。 @@ -45839,16 +45767,9 @@ Ruby on Rails - Ruby on Rails is another open - source web framework that provides a full development stack. - It is optimized to make web developers more productive and - capable of writing powerful applications quickly. On FreeBSD, - it can be installed using the - www/rubygem-rails package or port. + Ruby on Rails 是另外一套開放源碼的網站框架 (Framework)，提供了完整的開發堆疊，這使得網頁開發人員可以更有生產力且能夠快速的寫出強大的應用程式，在 FreeBSD 它可以使用 www/rubygem-rails 套件或 Port 安裝。 - Refer to http://guides.rubyonrails.org - for more information on how to use Ruby on - Rails. + 請參考 http://guides.rubyonrails.org 來取得更多有關如何使用 Ruby on Rails 的資訊。 @@ -45870,77 +45791,35 @@ FTP servers - The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) provides - users with a simple way to transfer files to and from an - FTP server. FreeBSD includes - FTP server software, - ftpd, in the base system. + 檔案傳輸協定 (File Transfer Protocol, FTP) 提供了使用一個簡單的方式能夠將檔案傳輸到與接收自 FTP 伺服器，FreeBSD 內建了 FTP 伺服器軟體 ftpd 在基礎系統 (Base system) 中。 - FreeBSD provides several configuration files for controlling - access to the FTP server. This section - summarizes these files. Refer to ftpd8 for more details - about the built-in FTP server. + FreeBSD 提供了多個設定檔來控制對 FTP 伺服器的存取，本節將摘要這些檔案的設定方式，請參考 ftpd8 來取得更多有關內建 FTP 伺服器的詳細資訊。 設定 - The most important configuration step is deciding which - accounts will be allowed access to the FTP - server. A FreeBSD system has a number of system accounts which - should not be allowed FTP access. The list - of users disallowed any FTP access can be - found in /etc/ftpusers. By default, it - includes system accounts. Additional users that should not be - allowed access to FTP can be added. + 最重要的一個設定步驟便是決定那些帳號能夠存取 FTP 伺服器，FreeBSD 系統有數個系統帳號，這些帳號不應該能夠擁有 FTP 存取權，不允許存取 FTP 的使用者清單可在 /etc/ftpusers 找到，預設該檔案內會有所有的系統帳號，其他不應允許存取 FTP 的使用者也可在此加入。 - In some cases it may be desirable to restrict the access - of some users without preventing them completely from using - FTP. This can be accomplished be creating - /etc/ftpchroot as described in - ftpchroot5. This file lists users and groups subject - to FTP access restrictions. + 在某些情況可能會布望限制某些使用者的存取，而不是完全避免這些使用者使用 FTP，這可以透過建立 /etc/ftpchroot 來完成，詳如 ftpchroot5 所述，這個檔案會列出受到 FTP 存取限制的使用者與群組。 FTP anonymous - To enable anonymous FTP access to the - server, create a user named ftp on the FreeBSD system. Users - will then be able to log on to the - FTP server with a username of - ftp or anonymous. When prompted for - the password, any input will be accepted, but by convention, - an email address should be used as the password. The - FTP server will call chroot2 when an - anonymous user logs in, to restrict access to only the home - directory of the ftp user. + 要在伺服器上開啟匿名 FTP 存取權，可在 FreeBSD 系統上建立一個名稱為 ftp 使用者，使用者將能夠使用 ftp 或 anonymous 使用者名稱來登入 FTP 伺服器，當提示輸入密碼時，輸入任何值都會被接受，但是慣例上應使用電子郵件位址來當做密碼。當匿名使用者登入時 FTP 伺服器會呼叫 chroot2 來限制使用者只能存取 ftp 使用者的家目錄。 - There are two text files that can be created to specify - welcome messages to be displayed to FTP - clients. The contents of - /etc/ftpwelcome will be displayed to - users before they reach the login prompt. After a successful - login, the contents of - /etc/ftpmotd will be displayed. Note - that the path to this file is relative to the login - environment, so the contents of - ~ftp/etc/ftpmotd would be displayed for - anonymous users. + 要設定顯示給 FTP 客戶端的歡迎訊息有兩個文字檔可以建立，/etc/ftpwelcome 的內容會在收到登入提示前顯示給使用者看，登入成功能後，則會顯示 /etc/ftpmotd 的內容。注意，這個檔案的路徑是相對於登入環境的，所以 ~ftp/etc/ftpmotd 的內容只會對匿名使用者顯示。 - Once the FTP server has been - configured, set the appropriate variable in - /etc/rc.conf to start the service during - boot: + 設定完 FTP 伺服器之後，在 /etc/rc.conf 設定適當的變數來在開機時啟動該服務： ftpd_enable="YES" - To start the service now: + 要立即啟動服務可： # service ftpd start - Test the connection to the FTP server - by typing: + 要測試到 FTP 伺服器的連線可輸入： % ftp localhost @@ -45948,13 +45827,7 @@ log files FTP - The ftpd daemon uses - syslog3 to log messages. By default, the system log - daemon will write messages related to FTP - in /var/log/xferlog. The location of - the FTP log can be modified by changing the - following line in - /etc/syslog.conf: + ftpd daemon 會使用 syslog3 來記錄訊息，預設，系統記錄 Daemon 會寫入有關 FTP 的訊息到 /var/log/xferlog，FTP 記錄的位置可以透過更改 /etc/syslog.conf 中下行來做修改： ftp.info /var/log/xferlog @@ -45964,15 +45837,7 @@ - Be aware of the potential problems involved with running - an anonymous FTP server. In particular, - think twice about allowing anonymous users to upload files. - It may turn out that the FTP site becomes - a forum for the trade of unlicensed commercial software or - worse. If anonymous FTP uploads are - required, then verify the permissions so that these files - cannot be read by other anonymous users until they have - been reviewed by an administrator. + 要注意啟動匿名 FTP 伺服器可能的潛藏問題，尤其是要讓匿名使用者上傳檔案時要再次確認，因為這可能讓該 FTP 站變成用來交換未授權商業軟體的交流平台或者更糟的狀況。若真的需要匿名 FTP 上傳，那麼請檢查權限設定，讓這些檔案在尚未被管理者審查前不能夠被其他匿名使用者讀取。 @@ -46002,46 +45867,18 @@ Windows clients - Samba is a popular open source - software package that provides file and print services using the - SMB/CIFS protocol. This protocol is built - into Microsoft Windows systems. It can be added to - non-Microsoft Windows systems by installing the - Samba client libraries. The protocol - allows clients to access shared data and printers. These shares - can be mapped as a local disk drive and shared printers can be - used as if they were local printers. + Samba 是熱門的開放源碼軟體套件，使用 SMB/CIFS 通訊協定提供檔案與列印服務，此通訊協定內建於 Microsoft Windows 系統，在非 Microsoft Windows 的系統可透過安裝 Samba 客戶端程式庫來支援此協定。此通訊協定讓客戶端可以存取共享的資料與印表機，這些共享的資源可掛載到一個本機的磁碟機，而共享的印表機則可以當做本機的印表機使用。 - On FreeBSD, the Samba client - libraries can be installed using the - net/samba-smbclient port or package. The - client provides the ability for a FreeBSD system to access - SMB/CIFS shares in a Microsoft Windows - network. + 在 FreeBSD 上，可以使用 net/samba-smbclient Port 或套件來安裝 Samba 客戶端程式庫，這個客戶端提供了讓 FreeBSD 系統能存取 SMB/CIFS 在 Microsoft Windows 網路中共享的資源。 - A FreeBSD system can also be configured to act as a - Samba server by installing the - net/samba43 port or package. This allows the - administrator to create SMB/CIFS - shares on - the FreeBSD system which can be accessed by clients running - Microsoft Windows or the Samba - client libraries. + FreeBSD 系統也可以透過安裝 net/samba46 Port 或套件來設定成 Samba 伺服器，這讓管理者可以在 FreeBSD 系統上建立 SMB/CIFS 的共享資源，讓執行 Microsoft Windows 或 Samba 客戶端程式庫的客戶端能夠存取。 伺服器設定 - Samba is configured in - /usr/local/etc/smb4.conf. This file must - be created before Samba - can be used. + Samba 的設定位於 /usr/local/etc/smb4.conf，必須先設定這個檔案才可使用 Samba。 - A simple smb4.conf to share - directories and printers with Windows clients in a - workgroup is shown here. For more complex setups - involving LDAP or Active Directory, it is easier to use - samba-tool8 to create the initial - smb4.conf. + 要共享目錄與印表機給在工作群組中的 Windows 客戶端的簡易 smb4.conf 範例如下。對於涉及 LDAP 或 Active Directory 的複雜安裝，可使用 samba-tool8 來建立初始的 smb4.conf。 [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP @@ -46066,15 +45903,14 @@ 全域設定 - Settings that describe the network are added in - /usr/local/etc/smb4.conf: + 在 /usr/local/etc/smb4.conf 中加入用來描述網路環境的設定有： workgroup - The name of the workgroup to be served. + 要提供的工作群組名稱。 @@ -46082,10 +45918,7 @@ netbios name - The NetBIOS name by which a - Samba server is known. By - default, it is the same as the first component of the - host's DNS name. + Samba 伺服器已知的 NetBIOS 名稱，預設為主機的 DNS 名稱第一節。 @@ -46093,10 +45926,7 @@ server string - The string that will be displayed in the output of - net view and some other - networking tools that seek to display descriptive text - about the server. + 會顯示於 net view 輸出結果以及其他會尋找伺服器描述文字並顯示的網路工具的文字。 @@ -46104,10 +45934,7 @@ wins support - Whether Samba will - act as a WINS server. Do not - enable support for WINS on more than - one server on the network. + 不論 Samba 是否要作為 WINS 伺服器，請不要在網路上開啟超過一台伺服器的 WINS 功能。 @@ -46116,30 +45943,16 @@ 安全性設定 - The most important settings in - /usr/local/etc/smb4.conf are the - security model and the backend password format. These - directives control the options: + 在 /usr/local/etc/smb4.conf 中最重要的設定便是安全性模式以及後端密碼格式，以下項目管控的選項有： security - The most common settings are - security = share and - security = user. If the clients - use usernames that are the same as their usernames on - the FreeBSD machine, user level security should be - used. This is the default security policy and it - requires clients to first log on before they can - access shared resources. + 最常見的設定為 security = share 以及 security = user，若客戶端使用的使用者名稱與在 FreeBSD 主機上使用的使用者名稱相同，則應該使用使用者 (user) 層級的安全性，這是預設的安全性原則且它會要求客戶端在存取共享資源前先登入。 - In share level security, clients do not need to - log onto the server with a valid username and password - before attempting to connect to a shared resource. - This was the default security model for older versions - of Samba. + 安全性為共享 (share) 層級時，客戶端存取共享資源不需要先使用有效的使用者名稱與密碼登入伺服器，在是在舊版 Samba 所採用的預設安全性模式。 @@ -46151,16 +45964,7 @@ LDAP SQL database - Samba has several - different backend authentication models. Clients may - be authenticated with LDAP, NIS+, an SQL database, - or a modified password file. The recommended - authentication method, tdbsam, - is ideal for simple networks and is covered here. - For larger or more complex networks, - ldapsam is recommended. - smbpasswd - was the former default and is now obsolete. + Samba 支援數種不同的後端認証模式，客戶端可以使用 LDAP, NIS+, SQL 資料庫或修改過的密碼檔來認証，建議的認証方式是 tdbsam，適用於簡易的網路環境且在此處說明，對於較大或更複雜的網路則較建議使用 ldapsam，而 smbpasswd 是舊版的預設值，現在已廢棄不使用。 @@ -46170,58 +45974,40 @@ <application>Samba</application> 使用者 - FreeBSD user accounts must be mapped to the - SambaSAMAccount database for - Windows clients to access the share. - Map existing FreeBSD user accounts using - pdbedit8: + FreeBSD 使用者帳號必須對應 SambaSAMAccount 資料庫， 才能讓 Windows 客戶端存取共享資源，要對應既有的 FreeBSD 使用者帳號可使用 pdbedit8： # pdbedit -a username - This section has only mentioned the most commonly used - settings. Refer to the Official - Samba HOWTO for additional information about the - available configuration options. + 本節只會提到一些最常用的設定，請參考 官方 Samba HOWTO 來取得有關可用設定選項的額外資訊。 啟動 <application>Samba</application> - To enable Samba at boot time, - add the following line to - /etc/rc.conf: + 要在開機時啟動 Samba，可加入下行到 /etc/rc.conf： samba_enable="YES" - To enable Samba4, use: + 要啟動 Samba4 可使用： samba_server_enable="YES" - To start Samba now: + 要立即啟動 Samba： # service samba start Starting SAMBA: removing stale tdbs : Starting nmbd. Starting smbd. - Samba consists of three - separate daemons. Both the nmbd - and smbd daemons are started by - samba_enable. If winbind name resolution - is also required, set: + Samba 由三個獨立的 Daemon 所組成，nmbd 與 smbd daemon 可透過 samba_enable 來啟動，若同時也需要 winbind 名稱解析服務則需額外設定： winbindd_enable="YES" - Samba can be stopped at any - time by typing: + Samba 可以隨時停止，要停止可輸入： # service samba stop - Samba is a complex software - suite with functionality that allows broad integration with - Microsoft Windows networks. For more information about - functionality beyond the basic configuration described here, - refer to http://www.samba.org. + Samba 是一套擁有能整合 Microsoft Windows 網路功能的複雜軟體套件，除了在此處說明的基礎設定，要取得更多的功能資訊，請參考 http://www.samba.org。 @@ -46243,34 +46029,13 @@ ntpd - Over time, a computer's clock is prone to drift. This is - problematic as many network services require the computers on a - network to share the same accurate time. Accurate time is also - needed to ensure that file timestamps stay consistent. The - Network Time Protocol (NTP) is one way to - provide clock accuracy in a network. + 隨著使用時間，電腦的時鐘會逐漸偏移，這對需要網路上電腦有相同準確度時間的許多網路服務來說是一個大問題。準確的時間同樣能確保檔案時間戳記的一致性。網路時間協定 (Network Time Protocol, NTP) 是一種在網路上可以確保時間準確的方式。 - FreeBSD includes ntpd8 which can be configured to query - other NTP servers in order to synchronize the - clock on that machine or to provide time services to other - computers in the network. The servers which are queried can be - local to the network or provided by an ISP. - In addition, an online - list of publicly accessible NTP - servers is available. When choosing a public - NTP server, select one that is geographically - close and review its usage policy. + FreeBSD 內建 ntpd8 可以設定來查詢其他 NTP 伺服器來同步在該主機的時間或者提供時間服務給其他在網路上的電腦，查詢的伺服器可以為在網路上的本地主機或者由 ISP 提供。除此之外也有 開放存取的 NTP 伺服器線上清單，當要使用開放的 NTP 伺服器，請選擇地理位置較近的並檢查該服務的使用方針。 - Choosing several NTP servers is - recommended in case one of the servers becomes unreachable or - its clock proves unreliable. As ntpd - receives responses, it favors reliable servers over the less - reliable ones. + 建議選擇多個 NTP 伺服器，以避免萬一某一台伺服器無法連線，或者該伺服器的時間變的不可靠，當 ntpd 收到回應，會自動先選擇可靠的伺服器。 - This section describes how to configure - ntpd on FreeBSD. Further documentation - can be found in /usr/share/doc/ntp/ in HTML - format. + 本節將會介紹如何設定 FreeBSD 上的 ntpd，更進一步的說明文件可於 /usr/share/doc/ntp/ 找到 HTML 格式的版本。 <acronym>NTP</acronym> 設定 @@ -46279,19 +46044,9 @@ ntp.conf - On FreeBSD, the built-in ntpd can - be used to synchronize a system's clock. To enable - ntpd at boot time, add - ntpd_enable="YES" to - /etc/rc.conf. Additional variables can - be specified in /etc/rc.conf. Refer to - rc.conf5 and ntpd8 for - details. + 在 FreeBSD，內建的 ntpd 可用來同步系統的時間，要在開機時開啟 ntpd，可加入 ntpd_enable="YES" 到 /etc/rc.conf，也可在 /etc/rc.conf 設定其他的變數，請參考 rc.conf5 與 ntpd8 來了解詳情。 - This application reads /etc/ntp.conf - to determine which NTP servers to query. - Here is a simple example of an - /etc/ntp.conf: + 該應用程式會讀取 /etc/ntp.conf 來得知要查詢那一個 NTP 伺服器，這裡有一個簡單的 /etc/ntp.conf 範例： <filename>/etc/ntp.conf</filename> 範例 @@ -46303,67 +46058,27 @@ driftfile /var/db/ntp.drift - The format of this file is described in ntp.conf5. - The server option specifies which servers - to query, with one server listed on each line. If a server - entry includes prefer, that server is - preferred over other servers. A response from a preferred - server will be discarded if it differs significantly from - other servers' responses; otherwise it will be used. The - prefer argument should only be used for - NTP servers that are known to be highly - accurate, such as those with special time monitoring - hardware. + 這個檔案的格式在 ntp.conf5 有說明，server 選項設定了要查詢那一些伺服器，每一行列一個伺服器。若伺服項目中含有 prefer，則會較偏好使用該伺服器。從偏好伺服器收到的回應若明顯與他伺服器的回應差異過大則會被放棄，否則都會以偏好的伺服器為主。prefer 參數只應用在已知高度準確的 NTP 伺服器上，例如那些有特別在監控時間的硬體。 - The driftfile entry specifies which - file is used to store the system clock's frequency offset. - ntpd uses this to automatically - compensate for the clock's natural drift, allowing it to - maintain a reasonably correct setting even if it is cut off - from all external time sources for a period of time. This - file also stores information about previous responses - from NTP servers. Since this file contains - internal information for NTP, it should not - be modified. + driftfile 項目用來指定要使用那一個檔案儲存系統時間的頻率偏移量，ntpd 會使用這個檔來自動補償時間的自然偏移，讓時間即始在切斷所有外部時間來源一段時間時仍能夠保持合理的設定值。這個檔案也會儲存有關前次由 NTP 伺服器收到的回應，由於這個檔案包含供 NTP 使用的內部資訊，所以不應手動修改。 - By default, an NTP server is accessible - to any network host. The restrict option - in /etc/ntp.conf can be used to control - which systems can access the server. For example, to deny all - machines from accessing the NTP server, add - the following line to - /etc/ntp.conf: + 預設，NTP 伺服器是開放給任何網路主機存取的，在 /etc/ntp.conf 中的 restrict 選項可以用來控制那些系統可以存取該伺服器。例如，要拒絕所有主機的存取，可加入下行到 /etc/ntp.conf： restrict default ignore - This will also prevent access from other - NTP servers. If there is a need to - synchronize with an external NTP server, - allow only that specific server. Refer to ntp.conf5 - for more information. + 這將會避免其他 NTP 伺服器的存取，若有需要與一個外部 NTP 伺服器同步，則可以只允許該伺服器。請參考 ntp.conf5 來取得更多資訊。 - To allow machines within the network to synchronize their - clocks with the server, but ensure they are not allowed to - configure the server or be used as peers to synchronize - against, instead use: + 要允許在網路內的主機與伺服器同步時間，但要確保這些主機不允許設定伺服器或者被這些主機當作同輩的主機相互同步，可改使用： restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap - where 192.168.1.0 is the local - network address and 255.255.255.0 is the network's - subnet mask. + 其中 192.168.1.0 是本地網路的位址，而 255.255.255.0 是網路的子遮罩。 - Multiple restrict entries are - supported. For more details, refer to the Access - Control Support subsection of - ntp.conf5. + 也支援多個 restrict 項目，要取得詳細的資料，請參考 ntp.conf5 的 Access Control Support 子章節。 - Once ntpd_enable="YES" has been added - to /etc/rc.conf, - ntpd can be started now without - rebooting the system by typing: + ntpd_enable="YES" 加入到 /etc/rc.conf 之後，ntpd 便可不需重新開機立即啟動，只要輸入： # service ntpd start @@ -46371,14 +46086,7 @@ 在 <acronym>PPP</acronym> 連線使用 <acronym>NTP</acronym> - ntpd does not need a permanent - connection to the Internet to function properly. However, if - a PPP connection is configured to dial out - on demand, NTP traffic should be prevented - from triggering a dial out or keeping the connection alive. - This can be configured with filter - directives in /etc/ppp/ppp.conf. For - example: + ntpd 並不需要永久的網際網路連線才能正常運作，若有一個 PPP 連線是設定成需要時撥號，那麼便需要避免 NTP 的流量觸發撥號或是保持連線不中斷，這可在 /etc/ppp/ppp.conf 使用 filter 項目設定，例如： set filter dial 0 deny udp src eq 123 # Prevent NTP traffic from initiating dial out @@ -46389,15 +46097,10 @@ # Prevent outgoing NTP traffic from keeping the connection open set filter alive 2 permit 0/0 0/0 - For more details, refer to the - PACKET FILTERING section in ppp8 and - the examples in - /usr/share/examples/ppp/. + 要取得更詳細的資訊，請參考於 ppp8 的 PACKET FILTERING 小節以及在 /usr/share/examples/ppp/ 中的範例。 - Some Internet access providers block low-numbered ports, - preventing NTP from functioning since replies never reach - the machine. + 部份網際網路存取提供商會封鎖較小編號的埠，這會讓 NTP 無法運作，因為回應永遠無到傳送到該主機。 @@ -46777,76 +46480,49 @@ 概述 - 防火牆能夠過濾透過系統進出的流量，防火牆可使用一組或多組 規則 (Rules) 來檢查網路連線中進出的網路封包(Network packets)，並且能允許或阻擋其通過。 而防火牆規則可以檢查封包中一個或數個特徵，例如通訊協定類型、來源或目的主機位址，以及來源及目地的連接埠 (Port)。 + 防火牆能夠過濾透過系統內送 (Incoming) 與外發 (Outgoing) 的流量，防火牆可使用一組或多組 規則 (Rules) 來檢查網路連線中進出的網路封包(Network packets)，並且能允許或阻擋其通過。 而防火牆規則可以檢查封包中一個或數個特徵，例如通訊協定類型、來源或目的主機位址，以及來源及目地的連接埠 (Port)。 防火牆可以加強主機或網路的安全性，它可以用來完成下列事情： - Protect and insulate the applications, services, and - machines of an internal network from unwanted traffic from - the public Internet. + 保護並隔離內部網路的應用程式、服務與主機，避免來自網際網路不必要的存取。 - Limit or disable access from hosts of the internal - network to services of the public Internet. + 限制或者禁止內部網路的主機存取網際網路服務。 - Support network address translation - (NAT), which allows an internal network - to use private IP addresses and share a - single connection to the public Internet using either a - single IP address or a shared pool of - automatically assigned public addresses. + 支援網路位址轉譯 (Network address translation, NAT)，可允許內部網路使用私有 IP 位址並共用一個連線使用一個 IP 位址連到網際網路或者自動分配一個共用池當中的公開位址。 - FreeBSD has three firewalls built into the base system: - PF, IPFW, - and IPFILTER, also known as - IPF. FreeBSD also provides two traffic - shapers for controlling bandwidth usage: altq4 and - dummynet4. ALTQ has - traditionally been closely tied with - PF and - dummynet with - IPFW. Each firewall uses rules to - control the access of packets to and from a FreeBSD system, - although they go about it in different ways and each has a - different rule syntax. + FreeBSD 有三種內建於基礎系統的防火牆：PF, IPFW 與 IPFILTER 即 IPF。FreeBSD 也提供了兩種流量限制程式 (Traffic shaper) 來控制頻寬的用量：altq4 與 dummynet4，ALTQ 一般配合 PF 使用，而 dummynet 會配合 IPFW。每一種防火牆都會使用規則來管制來自與送往 FreeBSD 的封包，儘管它們用不同的方式運作且有不同的規則語法。 - FreeBSD provides multiple firewalls in order to meet the - different requirements and preferences for a wide variety of - users. Each user should evaluate which firewall best meets - their needs. + FreeBSD 提供多個防火牆是為了滿足不同的需求與各種使用者的偏好，每位使用者應評估那一種防火牆最能滿足其需求。 讀完這章，您將了解︰ - How to define packet filtering rules. + 如何定義封包過濾規則。 - The differences between the firewalls built into - FreeBSD. + FreeBSD 內建防火牆之間的差異。 - How to use and configure the - PF firewall. + 如何使用與設定 PF 防火牆。 - How to use and configure the - IPFW firewall. + 如何使用與設定 IPFW 防火牆。 - How to use and configure the - IPFILTER firewall. + 如何使用與設定 IPFILTER 防火牆。 @@ -46859,14 +46535,7 @@ - Since all firewalls are based on inspecting the values of - selected packet control fields, the creator of the firewall - ruleset must have an understanding of how - TCP/IP works, what the different values in - the packet control fields are, and how these values are used - in a normal session conversation. For a good introduction, - refer to Daryl's - TCP/IP Primer. + 由於所有防火牆均是以監控所選封包的控制欄位值為基礎運作，所以防火牆規則集的建立者必須很明白 TCP/IP 是如何運作的，在封包的控制欄位中會有那些數值，這些數值會被如何用在一般的連線階段，要了解更多相關資訊，可參考 Daryl's TCP/IP Primer。 @@ -46879,98 +46548,35 @@ rulesets - A ruleset contains a group of rules which pass or block - packets based on the values contained in the packet. The - bi-directional exchange of packets between hosts comprises a - session conversation. The firewall ruleset processes both the - packets arriving from the public Internet, as well as the - packets produced by the system as a response to them. Each - TCP/IP service is predefined by its protocol - and listening port. Packets destined for a specific service - originate from the source address using an unprivileged port and - target the specific service port on the destination address. - All the above parameters can be used as selection criteria to - create rules which will pass or block services. + 一個規則集 (Ruleset) 中會有一群根據封包內的資料來判斷通過或封鎖的規則，主機間雙向的封包交換構成一個連線階段的對話，防火牆規則集會同時處理接收自網際網路的封包以及由系統所產生的回應封包，每一個 TCP/IP 服務都會預先定義其通訊協定以及要傾聽的埠，要送往指定服務的封包會誕生在來源位址，使用一個不需特殊權限的埠並傳送給目標位址上特定服務的埠，所有上述過程中的參數均可用來當做建立規則的篩選條件，來允許或封鎖服務。 - To lookup unknown port numbers, refer to - /etc/services. Alternatively, visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers - and do a port number lookup to find the purpose of a particular - port number. + 要查詢一個不清楚的埠號，可參考 /etc/services，或者至 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers 查詢埠號來找出特定埠號的用途。 - Check out this link for port numbers used by Trojans http://www.sans.org/security-resources/idfaq/oddports.php. + 查看這個連結來了解有那些埠號會被木馬程式使用 http://www.sans.org/security-resources/idfaq/oddports.php。 - FTP has two modes: active mode and passive mode. The - difference is in how the data channel is acquired. Passive - mode is more secure as the data channel is acquired by the - ordinal ftp session requester. For a good explanation of FTP - and the different modes, see http://www.slacksite.com/other/ftp.html. + FTP 有兩個模式：主動 (Active) 模式與被動 (Passive) 模式，兩者的差異在於取得資料通道的方式，被動模式會較安全，由於資料通道會取自 FTP 連線請求者。想要取得 FTP 與兩種模式更進一步的說明，詳見 http://www.slacksite.com/other/ftp.html。 - A firewall ruleset can be either - exclusive or inclusive. An - exclusive firewall allows all traffic through except for the - traffic matching the ruleset. An inclusive firewall does the - reverse as it only allows traffic matching the rules through and - blocks everything else. + 防火牆規則集可以為排除式 (exclusive) 或者內含式 (inclusive)，一個排除式的防火牆會允許所有的連線通過除了符合規則集的連線，內含式的防火牆則會反過來只允許符合規則集的連線並封鎖其他任何的連線。 - An inclusive firewall offers better control of the outgoing - traffic, making it a better choice for systems that offer - services to the public Internet. It also controls the type of - traffic originating from the public Internet that can gain - access to a private network. All traffic that does not match - the rules is blocked and logged. Inclusive firewalls are - generally safer than exclusive firewalls because they - significantly reduce the risk of allowing unwanted - traffic. + 內含式的防火牆對於外發的流量有較好的控制，使其成為提供網際網路服務的系統的最佳選擇，它同時可以控制可存取私有網路的網際網路連線，所有不符合該規則的連線會被封鎖並記錄。一般來說，內含式的防火牆會比排除式的防火牆安全，因為內含式的防火牆可以明顯的減少不必要連線所造成風險。 - Unless noted otherwise, all configuration and example - rulesets in this chapter create inclusive firewall - rulesets. + 除非另有說明，否則所有在此章節的範例規則集均為內含式防火牆規則集。 - Security can be tightened further using a stateful - firewall. This type of firewall keeps track of open - connections and only allows traffic which either matches an - existing connection or opens a new, allowed connection. + 使用具狀態防火牆 (Stateful firewall) 可以更進一步加強安全性，這種類型的防火牆可持續追蹤連線，只允許與現有連線相符的封包或符合允許條件的新連線通過。 - Stateful filtering treats traffic as a bi-directional - exchange of packets comprising a session. When state is - specified on a matching rule the firewall dynamically generates - internal rules for each anticipated packet being exchanged - during the session. It has sufficient matching capabilities to - determine if a packet is valid for a session. Any packets that - do not properly fit the session template are automatically - rejected. + 狀態過濾技術 (Stateful filtering) 將所有的流量當做是一個由雙向封包交換所組成的連線階段，當在符合的規則上指定狀態 (State) 時，防火牆會自動產生內部規則來處理該連線階段中每個預期會通過的封包，這種防火牆有足夠的比對能力可以辨別是否為同一個連線階段的封包，任何不符合連線階段樣板的封包都會被自動拒絕。 - When the session completes, it is removed from the dynamic - state table. + 當連線階段結束時，該規則將會動態狀態表 (Dynamic state table) 中移除。 - Stateful filtering allows one to focus on blocking/passing - new sessions. If the new session is passed, all its subsequent - packets are allowed automatically and any impostor packets are - automatically rejected. If a new session is blocked, none of - its subsequent packets are allowed. Stateful filtering provides - advanced matching abilities capable of defending against the - flood of different attack methods employed by attackers. + Stateful filtering 讓管理者可以專注於封鎖/傳遞新的連線階段，若新的連線階段通過，那麼該連線階段後續的封包將會自動允許通過，且任何假冒的封包會自動被拒絕。若新的連線階最被封鎖，將不允許其任何後續的封包。Stateful filtering 提供了進階的比對能力，能夠抵禦不同種類由攻擊者發動的 flood 攻擊。 - NAT stands for Network - Address Translation. NAT - function enables the private LAN behind the firewall to share a - single ISP-assigned IP address, even if that address is - dynamically assigned. NAT allows each computer in the LAN to - have Internet access, without having to pay the ISP for multiple - Internet accounts or IP addresses. + NAT 代表 Network Address Translation 即網路位址轉譯，NAT 功能讓在防火牆之後的私有 LAN 可以共用一個 ISP 分配的 IP 位址 (甚至是動態分配的)，NAT 每一台在該 LAN 中的電腦均可連線網際網路，而不需要支付 ISP 多個網路帳號或 IP 位址的額外費用。 - NAT will automatically translate the - private LAN IP address for each system on the LAN to the - single public IP address as packets exit the firewall bound for - the public Internet. It also performs the reverse translation - for returning packets. + NAT 在當封包要外送到防火牆之外的網際網路時，會自動轉譯每一台電腦在私有 LAN 的 IP 位址成為一個公有 IP 位址，它也同樣會對回傳的封包做反向轉譯。 - According to RFC 1918, the following IP address ranges are - reserved for private networks which will never be routed - directly to the public Internet, and therefore are available - for use with NAT: + 根據 RFC1918，會保留以下範圍的 IP 位址做為私有網路使用，永遠不會被傳送到網際網路，因此可供 NAT 使用： @@ -46987,12 +46593,7 @@ - When working with the firewall rules, be very - careful. Some configurations can - lock the administrator out of the server. To be - on the safe side, consider performing the initial firewall - configuration from the local console rather than doing it - remotely over ssh. + 在使用防火牆規則時要非常小心，有一些設定會將管理者鎖在伺服器之外，保險起見的方式是在本機的 Console 做初次的防火牆設定，不要直接由遠端透過 ssh 來設定防火牆。 @@ -47017,38 +46618,19 @@ PF - Since FreeBSD 5.3, a ported version of OpenBSD's - PF firewall has been included as an - integrated part of the base system. - PF is a complete, full-featured - firewall that has optional support for - ALTQ (Alternate Queuing), which - provides Quality of Service (QoS). + 自 FreeBSD 5.3 開始，基礎系統便有內建 OpenBSD's PF 防火牆的移植版本，PF 是一套完整、多功能的防火牆，並可選擇開啟 ALTQ (Alternate Queuing) 的支援來提供 Quality of Service (QoS) 機制。 - The OpenBSD Project maintains the definitive reference for - PF in the PF FAQ. - Peter Hansteen maintains a thorough - PF tutorial at http://home.nuug.no/~peter/pf/. + OpenBSD 計劃有維護一份官方參考文件於 PF FAQ ，Peter Hansteen 有維一份詳盡的 PF 教學於 http://home.nuug.no/~peter/pf/。 - When reading the PF FAQ, - keep in mind that FreeBSD uses the same version of - PF as OpenBSD 4.5. + 在閱讀 PF FAQ 時，要注意 FreeBSD 採用與 OpenBSD 4.5 相同版本的 PF。 - The FreeBSD packet filter mailing list is a good place to ask questions about - configuring and running the PF - firewall. Check the mailing list archives before asking a - question as it may have already been answered. + 要詢問有關設定與執行 PF 防火牆的問題可至 FreeBSD packet filter 郵遞論壇，在詢問問題之前請先查看該郵遞論壇的封存資料，因您的問題可能已有解答。 - More information about porting PF - to FreeBSD can be found at http://pf4freebsd.love2party.net/. + 更多有關移植 PF 到 FreeBSD 的資訊可至 http://pf4freebsd.love2party.net/ 取得。 - This section of the Handbook focuses on - PF as it pertains to FreeBSD. It - demonstrates how to enable PF and - ALTQ. It then provides several - examples for creating rulesets on a FreeBSD system. + 由於 FreeBSD 也支援 PF 因此操作手冊特別在此章節對此介紹，本節會示範如何開啟 PF 與 ALTQ，然後提供幾個在 FreeBSD 系統上建立規則集的例子。 開啟 <application>PF</application> @@ -48297,27 +47879,11 @@ IPFW - IPFW is a stateful firewall - written for FreeBSD which supports both IPv4 and - IPv6. It is comprised of several components: - the kernel firewall filter rule processor and its integrated - packet accounting facility, the logging facility, - NAT, the dummynet4 traffic shaper, a - forward facility, a bridge facility, and an ipstealth - facility. + IPFW 是一套專為 FreeBSD 所寫的具狀態防火牆 (Stateful firewall)，它同時支援 IPv4 與 IPv6，它由數個元件組成：核心防火牆過濾規則處理器與其整合的封包計帳設施、記錄設施、NAT、dummynet4 流量限制程式、轉送設施、橋接設施以及 ipstealth 設施。 - FreeBSD provides a sample ruleset in - /etc/rc.firewall which defines several - firewall types for common scenarios to assist novice users in - generating an appropriate ruleset. - IPFW provides a powerful syntax which - advanced users can use to craft customized rulesets that meet - the security requirements of a given environment. + FreeBSD 提供一個範本規則集於 /etc/rc.firewall，其定義了幾個常見情境會使用的防火牆類型來協助初學的使用者撰寫合適的規則集。IPFW 提供了強大的語法讓進階的使用者可以用來自訂符合環境安全性要求的規則集。 - This section describes how to enable - IPFW, provides an overview of its - rule syntax, and demonstrates several rulesets for common - configuration scenarios. + 本節將介紹如何開啟 IPFW、規則語法的概要以及示範幾種常見情境所使用的規則集： 開啟 <application>IPFW</application> @@ -49312,39 +48878,15 @@ IPFILTER - IPFILTER, also known as - IPF, is a cross-platform, open source - firewall which has been ported to several operating systems, - including FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and Solaris. + IPFILTER 即為 IPF，是一套跨平台、開放源碼的防火牆，已被移植到各種作業系統，包含 FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD 與 Solaris。 - IPFILTER is a kernel-side - firewall and NAT mechanism that can be - controlled and monitored by userland programs. Firewall rules - can be set or deleted using ipf, - NAT rules can be set or deleted using - ipnat, run-time statistics for the - kernel parts of IPFILTER can be - printed using ipfstat, and - ipmon can be used to log - IPFILTER actions to the system log - files. + IPFILTER 是核心端 (Kernel-side) 的防火牆且 NAT 機制可由 Userland 的程式控制與監控，防火牆規則可以使用 ipf 設定或刪除，NAT 規則可以使用 ipnat 設定或刪除，可使用 ipfstat 來列出 IPFILTER 在核心部份的執行期統計資訊，可使用 ipmon 來記錄 IPFILTER 動作到系統記錄檔。 - IPF was originally written using - a rule processing logic of the last matching rule - wins and only used stateless rules. Since then, - IPF has been enhanced to include the - quick and keep state - options. + IPF 原來是以 最後一個符合的條件優先 的規則處理邏輯所撰寫並只能使用無狀態 (Stateless) 的規則，之後 IPF 才被加強支援快速 (quick) 與保留狀態 (keep state) 的選項。 - The IPF FAQ is at http://www.phildev.net/ipf/index.html. - A searchable archive of the IPFilter mailing list is available - at http://marc.info/?l=ipfilter. + IPF FAQ 位於 http://www.phildev.net/ipf/index.html，可搜尋的 IPFilter 郵遞論壇封存資料可至 http://marc.info/?l=ipfilter 取得。 - This section of the Handbook focuses on - IPF as it pertains to FreeBSD. It - provides examples of rules that contain the - quick and keep state - options. + 由於 FreeBSD 也支援 IPF 因此操作手冊特別在此章節對此介紹，本節提供幾個有使用快速 (quick) 與保留狀態 (keep state) 選項的規則範例。 開啟 <application>IPF</application> @@ -49677,7 +49219,7 @@ TCP_FLAG|ICMP_TYPE - If tcp is specifed as the + If tcp is specified as the PROTO_TYPE, flags can be specified as letters, where each letter represents one of the possible TCP flags used to determine the state @@ -49691,7 +49233,7 @@ C (CWN), and E (ECN). - If icmp is specifed as the + If icmp is specified as the PROTO_TYPE, the ICMP type to match can be specified. Refer to ipf5 for the allowable types. @@ -51227,7 +50769,7 @@ changed according to the configuration. A list of available wireless drivers and supported adapters can be found in the FreeBSD Hardware Notes, available on - the Release + the Release Information page of the FreeBSD website. If a native FreeBSD driver for the wireless device does not exist, it may be possible to use the Windows driver @@ -54111,11 +53653,11 @@ /etc/rc.conf: ifconfig_bge0="up" -ifconfig_iwn0="ether 00:21:70:da:ae:37" wlans_iwn0="wlan0" ifconfig_wlan0="WPA" +create_args_wlan0="wlanaddr 00:21:70:da:ae:37" cloned_interfaces="lagg0" -ifconfig_lagg0="laggproto failover laggport bge0 laggport wlan0 DHCP" +ifconfig_lagg0="up laggproto failover laggport bge0 laggport wlan0 DHCP" @@ -54401,7 +53943,7 @@ DHCP is not part of the FreeBSD base system but can be installed using the - net/isc-dhcp42-server port or + net/isc-dhcp43-server port or package. Once installed, edit the configuration file, @@ -56454,79 +55996,10 @@ 這是可公開存取的鏡像站，使用了 GeoDNS 會自動選擇適合的後端伺服器。若要由瀏覽器檢視 Subversion 檔案庫可以使用 https://svnweb.FreeBSD.org/。 - - FreeBSD Subversion 鏡像站先前使用的自我簽署 SSL 憑証記錄於本章節中。自 2015 年 7 月開始，所有鏡像站開始使用官方的 SSL 憑証，若有安裝 security/ca_root_nss Port 則 Subversion 便有辦法辨識。舊的自我簽署憑証與伺服器名稱仍可以使用，但已不建議使用且不再支援。 - - - 對於未安裝 security/ca_root_nss Port 的系統，所需的 SHA1 與 SHA256 的指紋 (Fingerprint) 為： - - - - - - - - 編碼 (Hash) - 指紋 (Fingerprint) - - - - - - SHA1 - E9:37:73:80:B5:32:1B:93:92:94:98:17:59:F0:FA:A2:5F:1E:DE:B9 - - - - SHA256 - D5:27:1C:B6:55:E6:A8:7D:48:D5:0C:F0:DA:9D:51:60:D7:42:6A:F2:05:F1:8A:47:BE:78:A1:3A:72:06:92:60 - - - - - - 建議使用 HTTPS 通訊協定，這可提供避免其他電腦假裝為 FreeBSD 鏡像站 (即為一般所知的 中間人攻擊 (Man in the middle) 攻擊) 與其他嘗試傳送惡意內容給終端使用者的保護。 - - 若因防火牆或其他問題無法使用 https，那麼下一個選擇為使用 svn，這個通訊協定會有較快的傳輸速度。當兩者皆無法使用時才使用 http。 - - 對於那些仍使用已不建議使用伺服器名稱的電腦的 SHA1 及 SHA256 指紋可為下列其中之一： - - - - - - - - 編碼 (Hash) - 指紋 (Fingerprint) - - - - - - 舊-SHA1 - 1C:BD:85:95:11:9F:EB:75:A5:4B:C8:A3:FE:08:E4:02:73:06:1E:61 - - - - 舊-SHA1 - F6:44:AA:B9:03:89:0E:3E:8C:4D:4D:14:F0:27:E6:C7:C1:8B:17:C5 - - - - 舊-SHA256 - 47:35:A9:09:A3:AB:FA:20:33:36:43:C5:1A:D6:E6:FB:EB:C0:C0:83:37:D4:46:9C:A0:AB:89:7F:C2:9C:4C:A3 - - - - 舊-SHA256 - 48:3C:84:DB:7C:27:1B:FA:D5:0B:A0:D7:E0:4C:79:AA:A3:8E:A3:FA:84:E6:32:34:7D:EB:30:E6:11:01:CF:BE - - - - - - 從這些舊的憑証指紋中找到對應已不建已使用伺服器名稱所使用的項目。 + HTTPS is the preferred protocol, but the + security/ca_root_nss + package will need to be installed in order to automatically + validate certificates. @@ -56838,8 +56311,7 @@ Edinburgh - University has written an - Online + University has written an Online Guide for newcomers to the UNIX environment. @@ -57424,12 +56896,6 @@ - freebsd-aic7xxx - Developing drivers for the Adaptec - AIC 7xxx - - - freebsd-amd64 Porting FreeBSD to AMD64 systems (moderated) @@ -58088,6 +57554,13 @@ + svn-src-stable-11 + /usr/src + All changes to the stable/11 + branch of the src Subversion repository + + + svn-src-stable-other /usr/src All changes to the @@ -59190,6 +58663,17 @@ + freebsd-teaching + + + Teaching with FreeBSD + + Non technical mailing list discussing teaching + with FreeBSD. + + + + freebsd-testing @@ -59329,7 +58813,7 @@ An editorial digest of the messages to this list might be posted to the FreeBSD website every few months as part of the Status Reports - http://www.freebsd.org/news/status/. + https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/. Past reports are archived. @@ -59586,9 +59070,7 @@ 中央伺服器 - - http://www.FreeBSD.org/ - + https://www.FreeBSD.org/ @@ -59950,19 +59432,19 @@ --> - Security Officer Team <email>security-officer@FreeBSD.org</email> + Security Officer Team <email>security-officer@FreeBSD.org</email> - sub rsa4096/B64357A343D9CBAE 2013-09-24 [expires: 2018-01-01] ]]> - - Security Team Secretary <email>secteam-secretary@FreeBSD.org</email> + Security Team Secretary <email>secteam-secretary@FreeBSD.org</email> - sub 4096R/509B26612335EB65 2013-09-24 [expires: 2018-01-01] ]]> - - Core Team Secretary <email>core-secretary@FreeBSD.org</email> + Core Team Secretary <email>core-secretary@FreeBSD.org</email> - uid Core Secretary -sub rsa4096/7B5150C8D7CE5D02 2014-07-09 [E] [expires: 2017-07-08] +sub rsa4096/7B5150C8D7CE5D02 2014-07-09 [E] [expires: 2018-07-08] ]]> - - Ports Management Team Secretary <email>portmgr-secretary@FreeBSD.org</email> + Ports Management Team Secretary <email>portmgr-secretary@FreeBSD.org</email> - sub rsa2048/5CC117965F65CFE7 2012-07-24 [E] ]]> -\n" "Language-Team: \n" "Language: zh_TW\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" -"X-Generator: Poedit 2.0.2\n" +"X-Generator: Poedit 2.0.4\n" #. Put one translator per line, in the form NAME , YEAR1, YEAR2 msgctxt "_" @@ -18,25 +18,17 @@ msgstr "Chien Wei Lin " #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:618 +#: book.translate.xml:641 msgid "FreeBSD Handbook" msgstr "FreeBSD 使用手冊" #. (itstool) path: info/author -#: book.translate.xml:620 +#: book.translate.xml:643 msgid "The FreeBSD Documentation Project" msgstr "FreeBSD 文件計劃" -#. (itstool) path: info/pubdate -#. (itstool) path: info/releaseinfo -#: book.translate.xml:624 book.translate.xml:626 -msgid "" -"$FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.xml 50274 2017-05-23 " -"18:00:40Z gjb $" -msgstr "" - #. (itstool) path: info/copyright -#: book.translate.xml:628 +#: book.translate.xml:651 msgid "" "1995 1996 1997 1998 " "1999 2000 2001 2002 " @@ -48,12 +40,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/title -#: book.translate.xml:657 +#: book.translate.xml:680 msgid "Copyright" msgstr "版權" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:659 +#: book.translate.xml:682 msgid "" "Redistribution and use in source (XML DocBook) and 'compiled' forms (XML, " "HTML, PDF, PostScript, RTF and so forth) with or without modification, are " @@ -61,7 +53,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:666 +#: book.translate.xml:689 msgid "" "Redistributions of source code (XML DocBook) must retain the above copyright " "notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer as the first " @@ -69,7 +61,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:672 +#: book.translate.xml:695 msgid "" "Redistributions in compiled form (transformed to other DTDs, converted to " "PDF, PostScript, RTF and other formats) must reproduce the above copyright " @@ -78,7 +70,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:681 +#: book.translate.xml:704 msgid "" "THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT \"AS IS" "\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE " @@ -94,32 +86,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:698 +#: book.translate.xml:721 msgid "FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation." msgstr "FreeBSD 是 FreeBSD 基金會的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:700 +#: book.translate.xml:723 msgid "3Com and HomeConnect are registered trademarks of 3Com Corporation." msgstr "3Com 和 HomeConnect 是 3Com Corporation 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:702 +#: book.translate.xml:725 msgid "3ware is a registered trademark of 3ware Inc." msgstr "3ware 是 3ware Inc 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:704 +#: book.translate.xml:727 msgid "ARM is a registered trademark of ARM Limited." msgstr "ARM 是 ARM Limited. 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:706 +#: book.translate.xml:729 msgid "Adaptec is a registered trademark of Adaptec, Inc." msgstr "Adaptec 是 Adaptec, Inc. 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:708 +#: book.translate.xml:731 msgid "" "Adobe, Acrobat, Acrobat Reader, Flash and PostScript are either registered " "trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States " @@ -129,7 +121,7 @@ "Incorporated 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:712 +#: book.translate.xml:735 msgid "" "Apple, AirPort, FireWire, iMac, iPhone, iPad, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, " "Quicktime, and TrueType are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. " @@ -139,12 +131,12 @@ "Quicktime 以及 TrueType 是 Apple Inc. 在美國以及其他國家的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:717 +#: book.translate.xml:740 msgid "Android is a trademark of Google Inc." msgstr "Android 是 Google Inc 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:719 +#: book.translate.xml:742 msgid "" "Heidelberg, Helvetica, Palatino, and Times Roman are either registered " "trademarks or trademarks of Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG in the U.S. and " @@ -154,7 +146,7 @@ "Druckmaschinen AG 在美國以及其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:723 +#: book.translate.xml:746 msgid "" "IBM, AIX, OS/2, PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are trademarks of " "International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other " @@ -164,7 +156,7 @@ "Machines Corporation 在美國和其他國家的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:727 +#: book.translate.xml:750 msgid "" "IEEE, POSIX, and 802 are registered trademarks of Institute of Electrical " "and Electronics Engineers, Inc. in the United States." @@ -173,7 +165,7 @@ "Inc. 在美國的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:730 +#: book.translate.xml:753 msgid "" "Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, " "and Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its " @@ -183,7 +175,7 @@ "及 Xeon 是 Intel Corporation 及其分支機構在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:734 +#: book.translate.xml:757 msgid "" "Intuit and Quicken are registered trademarks and/or registered service marks " "of Intuit Inc., or one of its subsidiaries, in the United States and other " @@ -193,12 +185,12 @@ "標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:737 +#: book.translate.xml:760 msgid "Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds." msgstr "Linux 是 Linus Torvalds 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:739 +#: book.translate.xml:762 msgid "" "LSI Logic, AcceleRAID, eXtremeRAID, MegaRAID and Mylex are trademarks or " "registered trademarks of LSI Logic Corp." @@ -207,7 +199,7 @@ "商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:742 +#: book.translate.xml:765 msgid "" "Microsoft, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows Media and Windows " "NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation " @@ -217,7 +209,7 @@ "Windows NT 是 Microsoft Corporation 在美國和/或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:746 +#: book.translate.xml:769 msgid "" "Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The " "Open Group are trademarks of The Open Group in the United States and other " @@ -227,12 +219,12 @@ "DialTone 和 The Open Group 是其商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:750 +#: book.translate.xml:773 msgid "Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation." msgstr "Oracle 是 Oracle Corporation 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:752 +#: book.translate.xml:775 msgid "" "RealNetworks, RealPlayer, and RealAudio are the registered trademarks of " "RealNetworks, Inc." @@ -240,14 +232,14 @@ "RealNetworks, RealPlayer, 和 RealAudio 是 RealNetworks, Inc. 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:755 +#: book.translate.xml:778 msgid "" "Red Hat, RPM, are trademarks or registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in " "the United States and other countries." msgstr "Red Hat, RPM, 是 Red Hat, Inc. 在美國和其他國家的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:758 +#: book.translate.xml:781 msgid "" "Sun, Sun Microsystems, Java, Java Virtual Machine, JDK, JRE, JSP, JVM, " "Netra, OpenJDK, Solaris, StarOffice, SunOS and VirtualBox are trademarks or " @@ -259,37 +251,37 @@ "Microsystems, Inc. 在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:763 +#: book.translate.xml:786 msgid "MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc." msgstr "MATLAB 是 The MathWorks, Inc. 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:765 +#: book.translate.xml:788 msgid "SpeedTouch is a trademark of Thomson." msgstr "SpeedTouch 是 Thomson 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:767 +#: book.translate.xml:790 msgid "VMware is a trademark of VMware, Inc." msgstr "VMware 是 VMware, Inc. 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:769 +#: book.translate.xml:792 msgid "Mathematica is a registered trademark of Wolfram Research, Inc." msgstr "Mathematica 是 Wolfram Research, Inc 的註冊商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:771 +#: book.translate.xml:794 msgid "XFree86 is a trademark of The XFree86 Project, Inc." msgstr "XFree86 是 The XFree86 Project, Inc 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:773 +#: book.translate.xml:796 msgid "Ogg Vorbis and Xiph.Org are trademarks of Xiph.Org." msgstr "Ogg Vorbis 以及 Xiph.Org 是 Xiph.Org 的商標。" #. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para -#: book.translate.xml:775 +#: book.translate.xml:798 msgid "" "Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish " "their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in " @@ -302,42 +294,42 @@ "quote> 或 ® 符號來標示。" #. (itstool) path: abstract/para -#: book.translate.xml:784 +#: book.translate.xml:807 msgid "" "Welcome to FreeBSD! This handbook covers the installation and day to day use " -"of FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, FreeBSD 10.3-" -"RELEASE, and FreeBSD 9.3-RELEASE. This book " +"of FreeBSD 11.1-RELEASE, FreeBSD 11.0-" +"RELEASE, and FreeBSD 10.4-RELEASE. This book " "is the result of ongoing work by many individuals. Some sections might be " "outdated. Those interested in helping to update and expand this document " "should send email to the FreeBSD documentation project mailing list." msgstr "" -"歡迎使用 FreeBSD！ 本使用手冊涵蓋範圍包括了 FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE, FreeBSD 10.3-RELEASE 以及 FreeBSD " -"9.3-RELEASE 的安裝與平日操作的說明。 這份使用手冊是很多人的集體創" +"歡迎使用 FreeBSD！ 本使用手冊涵蓋範圍包括了 FreeBSD 11.1-RELEASE, FreeBSD 11.0-RELEASE 與 FreeBSD " +"10.4-RELEASE 的安裝與平日操作的說明。 這份使用手冊是很多人的集體創" "作，而且仍然『持續不斷』的進行中，因此部份章節可能尚未仍未完成，如果您有興趣" "協助本計畫的話，請寄電子郵件至 FreeBSD 文件專案郵遞論壇。" #. (itstool) path: abstract/para -#: book.translate.xml:793 +#: book.translate.xml:816 msgid "" "The latest version of this book is available from the FreeBSD web site. Previous versions can " "be obtained from https://" "docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/. The book can be downloaded in a variety of " -"formats and compression options from the FreeBSD FTP server or one of the " -"numerous mirror sites. Printed copies " -"can be purchased at the FreeBSD Mall. Searches can be performed on the handbook and other " -"documents on the search page." +"formats and compression options from the FreeBSD FTP server or one of the numerous " +"mirror sites. Printed copies can be " +"purchased at the FreeBSD " +"Mall. Searches can be performed on the handbook and other documents " +"on the search page." msgstr "" -"在 FreeBSD 網站 可以找到" -"本文件的最新版本，舊版文件可從 http://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/ 取得。本文件也提供各種格式與不同壓縮方" -"式的版本可自 FreeBSD 網站 可以找到" +"本文件的最新版本，舊版文件可從 https://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/ 取得。本文件也提供各種格式與不同壓" +"縮方式的版本可自 FreeBSD FTP 伺服器 或是其中一個 鏡像" "網站 下載。 列印出來的實體書面資料可在 FreeBSD 商城 購買。 此外，您可在 ." @@ -391,12 +383,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-changes-from3 -#: book.translate.xml:836 +#: book.translate.xml:859 msgid "Changes from the Third Edition" msgstr "自第三版後的主要修訂" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:839 +#: book.translate.xml:862 msgid "" "The current online version of the Handbook represents the cumulative effort " "of many hundreds of contributors over the past 10 years. The following are " @@ -407,7 +399,7 @@ "2014 年發佈的兩冊第三版後所做的主要修訂：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:846 +#: book.translate.xml:869 msgid "" " has been added with information about the " "powerful DTrace performance analysis tool." @@ -415,7 +407,7 @@ " 增加說明有關強大的 DTrace 效能分析工具的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:851 +#: book.translate.xml:874 msgid "" " has been added with information about non-" "native file systems in FreeBSD, such as ZFS from Sun." @@ -424,7 +416,7 @@ "自 Sun 的 ZSF。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:857 +#: book.translate.xml:880 msgid "" " has been added to cover the new auditing " "capabilities in FreeBSD and explain its use." @@ -432,7 +424,7 @@ " 增加的內容涵蓋 FreeBSD 的新稽查功能及其使用說明。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:862 +#: book.translate.xml:885 msgid "" " has been added with information about " "installing FreeBSD on virtualization software." @@ -440,7 +432,7 @@ " 增加有關在虛擬化軟體安裝 FreeBSD 的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:868 +#: book.translate.xml:891 msgid "" " has been added to cover installation of " "FreeBSD using the new installation utility, bsdinstall has been expanded with new information " "about the ACPI power and resource management, the cron " @@ -477,7 +469,7 @@ "cron 以及其他更多的核心調校選項說明內容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:892 +#: book.translate.xml:915 msgid "" " has been expanded with new information about " "virtual private networks (VPNs), file system access control lists (ACLs), " @@ -487,7 +479,7 @@ "(ACL)，以及安全報告。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:898 +#: book.translate.xml:921 msgid "" " is a new chapter with this edition. It explains what " "MAC is and how this mechanism can be used to secure a FreeBSD system." @@ -496,7 +488,7 @@ "何運用它來使您的 FreeBSD 系統更安全。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:904 +#: book.translate.xml:927 msgid "" " has been expanded with new information about USB " "storage devices, file system snapshots, file system quotas, file and network " @@ -507,13 +499,13 @@ "詳解。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:911 +#: book.translate.xml:934 msgid "" "A troubleshooting section has been added to ." msgstr " 增加了疑難排解的章節。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:915 +#: book.translate.xml:938 msgid "" " has been expanded with new information about using " "alternative transport agents, SMTP authentication, UUCP, " @@ -525,7 +517,7 @@ "application> 的運用以及其它進階主題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:923 +#: book.translate.xml:946 msgid "" " is all new with this edition. This " "chapter includes information about setting up the Apache HTTP " @@ -543,7 +535,7 @@ "\"advanced-networking\"/> 。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:933 +#: book.translate.xml:956 msgid "" " has been expanded with new " "information about using BluetoothGetting " "Started, System Administration, and " @@ -613,7 +605,7 @@ "及 附錄。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:984 +#: book.translate.xml:1007 msgid "" " has been expanded to contain additional " "information about processes, daemons, and signals." @@ -621,14 +613,14 @@ " 新增了程序、Daemon 以及信號 (Signal) 的介紹。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:990 +#: book.translate.xml:1013 msgid "" " has been expanded to contain additional " "information about binary package management." msgstr " 新增了介紹如何管理 Binary 套件的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:996 +#: book.translate.xml:1019 msgid "" " has been completely rewritten with an emphasis on " "using modern desktop technologies such as KDE and " @@ -639,12 +631,12 @@ "GNOME。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1003 +#: book.translate.xml:1026 msgid " has been expanded." msgstr " 更新相關內容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1007 +#: book.translate.xml:1030 msgid "" " has been written from what used to be two separate " "chapters on Disks and Backups. We feel that " @@ -656,7 +648,7 @@ "體、軟體 RAID) 的段落也新增上去了。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1016 +#: book.translate.xml:1039 msgid "" " has been completely reorganized and updated " "for FreeBSD 4.X/5.X." @@ -665,18 +657,18 @@ "容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1021 +#: book.translate.xml:1044 msgid " has been substantially updated." msgstr " 有相當程度的更新。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1026 +#: book.translate.xml:1049 msgid "" "Many new sections have been added to ." msgstr " 加入許多新內容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1030 +#: book.translate.xml:1053 msgid "" " has been expanded to include more information about " "configuring sendmail." @@ -685,7 +677,7 @@ "的介紹。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1036 +#: book.translate.xml:1059 msgid "" " has been expanded to include information about " "installing Oracle 的介紹。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1043 +#: book.translate.xml:1066 msgid "The following new topics are covered in this second edition:" msgstr "此外，第二版還新加章節，以介紹下列新主題：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1048 +#: book.translate.xml:1071 msgid "." msgstr "。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1052 +#: book.translate.xml:1075 msgid "." msgstr "。" #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-overview -#: book.translate.xml:1058 +#: book.translate.xml:1081 msgid "Organization of This Book" msgstr "本書架構" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1060 +#: book.translate.xml:1083 msgid "" "This book is split into five logically distinct sections. The first section, " "Getting Started, covers the installation and basic " @@ -744,14 +736,14 @@ "則包括網路和各式伺服器主題；而第五部分則為附錄包含各種有關 FreeBSD 的資源。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1085 +#: book.translate.xml:1108 msgid "" "Introduces FreeBSD to a new user. It describes the history of the FreeBSD " "Project, its goals and development model." msgstr "向新手介紹 FreeBSD。該篇說明了 FreeBSD 計劃的歷史、目標和開發模式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1095 +#: book.translate.xml:1118 msgid "" "Walks a user through the entire installation process of FreeBSD 9." "x and later using bsdinstallx 及之後版本的完整安裝流程。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1105 +#: book.translate.xml:1128 msgid "" "Covers the basic commands and functionality of the FreeBSD operating system. " "If you are familiar with Linux " @@ -772,7 +764,7 @@ "\">Linux 或其他類 UNIX® 系統，您則可跳過此章。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1116 +#: book.translate.xml:1139 msgid "" "Covers the installation of third-party software with both FreeBSD's " "innovative Ports Collection and standard binary packages." @@ -781,7 +773,7 @@ "第三方軟體。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1126 +#: book.translate.xml:1149 msgid "" "Describes the X Window System in general and using X11 on FreeBSD in " "particular. Also describes common desktop environments such as " @@ -791,7 +783,7 @@ "KDE 與 GNOME。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1139 +#: book.translate.xml:1162 msgid "" "Lists some common desktop applications, such as web browsers and " "productivity suites, and describes how to install them on FreeBSD." @@ -800,7 +792,7 @@ "程式到 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1148 +#: book.translate.xml:1171 msgid "" "Shows how to set up sound and video playback support for your system. Also " "describes some sample audio and video applications." @@ -809,14 +801,14 @@ "用程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1158 +#: book.translate.xml:1181 msgid "" "Explains why you might need to configure a new kernel and provides detailed " "instructions for configuring, building, and installing a custom kernel." msgstr "說明為何需要設定新的核心並會提供設定、編譯與安裝的詳細操作說明。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1168 +#: book.translate.xml:1191 msgid "" "Describes managing printers on FreeBSD, including information about banner " "pages, printer accounting, and initial setup." @@ -824,7 +816,7 @@ "介紹如何在 FreeBSD 管理印表機，包含橫幅頁面、列印帳務以及初始設定等資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1178 +#: book.translate.xml:1201 msgid "" "Describes the Linux " "compatibility features of FreeBSD. Also provides detailed installation " @@ -840,7 +832,7 @@ "\"registered\">Mathematica。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1192 +#: book.translate.xml:1215 msgid "" "Describes the parameters available for system administrators to tune a " "FreeBSD system for optimum performance. Also describes the various " @@ -850,14 +842,14 @@ "FreeBSD 用到的各種設定檔以及到何處尋找這些設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1203 +#: book.translate.xml:1226 msgid "" "Describes the FreeBSD boot process and explains how to control this process " "with configuration options." msgstr "介紹 FreeBSD 開機流程並說明如何使用設定選項控制開機流程。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1212 +#: book.translate.xml:1235 msgid "" "Describes many different tools available to help keep your FreeBSD system " "secure, including Kerberos, IPsec and OpenSSH." @@ -866,7 +858,7 @@ "OpenSSH。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1222 +#: book.translate.xml:1245 msgid "" "Describes the jails framework, and the improvements of jails over the " "traditional chroot support of FreeBSD." @@ -874,7 +866,7 @@ "介紹 Jail Framework，以及 Jail 改進那些 FreeBSD 傳統 chroot 不足的地方。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1231 +#: book.translate.xml:1254 msgid "" "Explains what Mandatory Access Control (MAC) is and how this mechanism can " "be used to secure a FreeBSD system." @@ -883,7 +875,7 @@ "保 FreeBSD 系統的安全。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1241 +#: book.translate.xml:1264 msgid "" "Describes what FreeBSD Event Auditing is, how it can be installed, " "configured, and how audit trails can be inspected or monitored." @@ -891,7 +883,7 @@ "介紹什麼事 FreeBSD 事件稽查，如何安裝與設定，以及如何檢查與監控稽查線索。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1251 +#: book.translate.xml:1274 msgid "" "Describes how to manage storage media and filesystems with FreeBSD. This " "includes physical disks, RAID arrays, optical and tape media, memory-backed " @@ -901,7 +893,7 @@ "與磁帶媒體、記憶體為基礎的磁碟以及網路檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1262 +#: book.translate.xml:1285 msgid "" "Describes what the GEOM framework in FreeBSD is and how to configure various " "supported RAID levels." @@ -909,7 +901,7 @@ "介紹在 FreeBSD 中的 GEOM Framework 是什麼，以及如何設定各種支援的 RAID 階層。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1271 +#: book.translate.xml:1294 msgid "" "Examines support of non-native file systems in FreeBSD, like the Z File " "System from Sun." @@ -918,21 +910,21 @@ "案系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1280 +#: book.translate.xml:1303 msgid "" "Describes what virtualization systems offer, and how they can be used with " "FreeBSD." msgstr "介紹虛擬化系統提供了那些功能，以及如何在 FreeBSD 上使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1289 +#: book.translate.xml:1312 msgid "" "Describes how to use FreeBSD in languages other than English. Covers both " "system and application level localization." msgstr "介紹如何在 FreeBSD 使用非英文的語言，這涵蓋了系統及應用層的在地化。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1299 +#: book.translate.xml:1322 msgid "" "Explains the differences between FreeBSD-STABLE, FreeBSD-CURRENT, and " "FreeBSD releases. Describes which users would benefit from tracking a " @@ -944,7 +936,7 @@ "佈版本的方法。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1312 +#: book.translate.xml:1335 msgid "" "Describes how to configure and use the DTrace tool from Sun in FreeBSD. Dynamic tracing can help locate performance issues, " @@ -954,19 +946,19 @@ "追蹤可以透過執行真實時間系統分析來協助定位效能問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1325 +#: book.translate.xml:1348 msgid "" "Explains how to connect terminals and modems to your FreeBSD system for both " "dial in and dial out connections." msgstr "介紹如何使用撥入及撥出連線到您的 FreeBSD 系統的終端機與數據機。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1335 +#: book.translate.xml:1358 msgid "Describes how to use PPP to connect to remote systems with FreeBSD." msgstr "介紹如何在 FreeBSD 使用 PPP 來連線遠端的系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1344 +#: book.translate.xml:1367 msgid "" "Explains the different components of an email server and dives into simple " "configuration topics for the most popular mail server software: " @@ -976,7 +968,7 @@ "sendmail。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1355 +#: book.translate.xml:1378 msgid "" "Provides detailed instructions and example configuration files to set up " "your FreeBSD machine as a network filesystem server, domain name server, " @@ -986,7 +978,7 @@ "網域名稱伺服器、網路資訊系統伺服器或時間同步伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1366 +#: book.translate.xml:1389 msgid "" "Explains the philosophy behind software-based firewalls and provides " "detailed information about the configuration of the different firewalls " @@ -996,7 +988,7 @@ "細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1376 +#: book.translate.xml:1399 msgid "" "Describes many networking topics, including sharing an Internet connection " "with other computers on your LAN, advanced routing topics, wireless " @@ -1008,7 +1000,7 @@ "ATM、IPv6 以及更多相關主題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1389 +#: book.translate.xml:1412 msgid "" "Lists different sources for obtaining FreeBSD media on CDROM or DVD as well " "as different sites on the Internet that allow you to download and install " @@ -1018,7 +1010,7 @@ "您可以下載並安裝 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1399 +#: book.translate.xml:1422 msgid "" "This book touches on many different subjects that may leave you hungry for a " "more detailed explanation. The bibliography lists many excellent books that " @@ -1028,7 +1020,7 @@ "多優秀書籍。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1410 +#: book.translate.xml:1433 msgid "" "Describes the many forums available for FreeBSD users to post questions and " "engage in technical conversations about FreeBSD." @@ -1036,18 +1028,18 @@ "介紹了可讓 FreeBSD 使用者提出問題以及參與有關 FreeBSD 技術會談的許多論壇。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1420 +#: book.translate.xml:1443 msgid "Lists the PGP fingerprints of several FreeBSD Developers." msgstr "列出了數個 FreeBSD 開發人員的 PGP 指紋。" #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-conv -#: book.translate.xml:1426 +#: book.translate.xml:1449 msgid "Conventions used in this book" msgstr "本書的編排體裁" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1429 +#: book.translate.xml:1452 msgid "" "To provide a consistent and easy to read text, several conventions are " "followed throughout the book." @@ -1055,17 +1047,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-conv-typographic -#: book.translate.xml:1432 +#: book.translate.xml:1455 msgid "Typographic Conventions" msgstr "文字編排體裁" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:1436 +#: book.translate.xml:1459 msgid "Italic" msgstr "斜體字" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1439 +#: book.translate.xml:1462 msgid "" "An italic font is used for filenames, URLs, emphasized " "text, and the first usage of technical terms." @@ -1074,12 +1066,12 @@ "次提及的技術詞彙。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:1446 +#: book.translate.xml:1469 msgid "Monospace" msgstr "等寬字" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1449 +#: book.translate.xml:1472 msgid "" "A monospaced font is used for error messages, commands, " "environment variables, names of ports, hostnames, user names, group names, " @@ -1089,24 +1081,24 @@ "稱、帳號、群組、裝置名稱、變數、程式碼等。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:1457 +#: book.translate.xml:1480 msgid "Bold" msgstr "粗體字" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1460 +#: book.translate.xml:1483 msgid "" "A bold font is used for applications, commands, and keys." msgstr "以粗體字表示：應用程式、指令、按鍵。" #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-conv-commands -#: book.translate.xml:1467 +#: book.translate.xml:1490 msgid "User Input" msgstr "使用者輸入" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1470 +#: book.translate.xml:1493 msgid "" "Keys are shown in bold to stand out from other text. Key " "combinations that are meant to be typed simultaneously are shown with " @@ -1116,14 +1108,14 @@ "按下一些按鍵，我們以 `+' 來表示連接，像是：" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1475 +#: book.translate.xml:1498 msgid "" " Ctrl Alt " "Del" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1481 +#: book.translate.xml:1504 msgid "" "Meaning the user should type the Ctrl, Alt, and Del keys at the same time." @@ -1132,14 +1124,14 @@ "keycap> 鍵。" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1485 +#: book.translate.xml:1508 msgid "" "Keys that are meant to be typed in sequence will be separated with commas, " "for example:" msgstr "若要逐一按鍵，那麼會以逗號 (,) 來表示，像是：" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1488 +#: book.translate.xml:1511 msgid "" " Ctrl X , Ctrl SCtrl and " "X keys simultaneously and then to type the CtrlC:\\> indicate a MS-DOS command. Unless otherwise noted, " @@ -1178,13 +1170,13 @@ "Prompt) 視窗內執行。" #. (itstool) path: preface/screen -#: book.translate.xml:1511 +#: book.translate.xml:1534 #, no-wrap msgid "E:\\> tools\\fdimage floppies\\kern.flp A:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1513 +#: book.translate.xml:1536 msgid "" "Examples starting with # indicate a command that must be " "invoked as the superuser in FreeBSD. You can login as 1 來取得超級使用者權限。" #. (itstool) path: preface/screen -#: book.translate.xml:1519 +#: book.translate.xml:1542 #, no-wrap msgid "# dd if=kern.flp of=/dev/fd0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1521 +#: book.translate.xml:1544 msgid "" "Examples starting with % indicate a command that should be " "invoked from a normal user account. Unless otherwise noted, C-shell syntax " @@ -1215,19 +1207,19 @@ "其他指令的意思。" #. (itstool) path: preface/screen -#: book.translate.xml:1526 +#: book.translate.xml:1549 #, no-wrap msgid "% top" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: preface/bridgehead #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#preface-acknowledgements -#: book.translate.xml:1528 +#: book.translate.xml:1551 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "銘謝" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1530 +#: book.translate.xml:1553 msgid "" "The book you are holding represents the efforts of many hundreds of people " "around the world. Whether they sent in fixes for typos, or submitted " @@ -1237,7 +1229,7 @@ "糾正一些錯誤或提交完整的章節，所有的點滴貢獻都是非常寶貴有用的。" #. (itstool) path: preface/para -#: book.translate.xml:1535 +#: book.translate.xml:1558 msgid "" "Several companies have supported the development of this document by paying " "authors to work on it full-time, paying for publication, etc. In particular, " @@ -1263,43 +1255,43 @@ "手冊以使第三版印刷版本能夠出版的志工。" #. (itstool) path: part/title -#: book.translate.xml:1554 +#: book.translate.xml:1577 msgid "Getting Started" msgstr "入門" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:1557 +#: book.translate.xml:1580 msgid "" "This part of the handbook is for users and administrators who are new to " "FreeBSD. These chapters:" msgstr "這部份是提供給初次使用 FreeBSD 的使用者和系統管理者。 這些章節包括：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1562 +#: book.translate.xml:1585 msgid "Introduce FreeBSD." msgstr "介紹 FreeBSD 給您。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1566 +#: book.translate.xml:1589 msgid "Guide readers through the installation process." msgstr "在安裝過程給您指引。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1570 +#: book.translate.xml:1593 msgid "" "Teach UNIX basics and " "fundamentals." msgstr "教您 UNIX 的基礎及原理。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1574 +#: book.translate.xml:1597 msgid "" "Show how to install the wealth of third party applications available for " "FreeBSD." msgstr "展示給您看如何安裝豐富的 FreeBSD 的應用軟體。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1579 +#: book.translate.xml:1602 msgid "" "Introduce X, the UNIX windowing " "system, and detail how to configure a desktop environment that makes users " @@ -1309,7 +1301,7 @@ "細的桌面環境設定，讓您更有生產力。" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:1585 +#: book.translate.xml:1608 msgid "" "The number of forward references in the text have been kept to a minimum so " "that this section can be read from front to back with minimal page flipping." @@ -1320,12 +1312,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: info/title #. (itstool) path: sect1/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:1599 book.translate.xml:23833 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:1622 book.translate.xml:23852 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Introduction" msgstr "簡介" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:1602 book.translate.xml:2867 +#: book.translate.xml:1625 book.translate.xml:2890 msgid "" " Jim Mock Restructured, reorganized, and parts rewritten by FreeBSD comes from." msgstr "當然囉，還有 FreeBSD 這名字的由來。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:1649 +#: book.translate.xml:1672 msgid "Welcome to FreeBSD!" msgstr "歡迎使用 FreeBSD！" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1651 book.translate.xml:1820 +#: book.translate.xml:1674 book.translate.xml:1843 msgid "4.4BSD-Lite" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:1653 +#: book.translate.xml:1676 msgid "" "FreeBSD is a 4.4BSD-Lite based operating system for Intel (x86 and " -"Itanium), AMD64, Sun UltraSPARC computers. Ports to other " -"architectures are also under way. You can also read about the history of FreeBSD, or the current release. If you are interested " -"in contributing something to the Project (code, hardware, funding), see the " -"Contributing to FreeBSD article." +"Itanium), AMD64, ARM, and Sun UltraSPARC computers. Ports to other architectures are also " +"under way. You can also read about the history of " +"FreeBSD, or the current release. If you are interested in contributing something " +"to the Project (code, hardware, funding), see the Contributing to FreeBSD article." msgstr "" "FreeBSD 是一個從 4.4BSD-Lite 衍生出而能在以 Intel (x86 與 Itanium), AMD64, Sun UltraSPARC 為基礎的電腦上執行的作業系統。同時，移植到其他平台" -"的工作也在進行中。 對於本計劃歷史的介紹，請看 FreeBSD 歷史， 對於 FreeBSD 的最新版本介紹，請看 Itanium), AMD64, ARM, Sun UltraSPARC 為基礎的電腦上執行的作業系統。同時，移植到其他平台的工作也在進行" +"中。 對於本計劃歷史的介紹，請看 FreeBSD 歷史， 對於 FreeBSD 的最新版本介紹，請看 最新的發行版。 若打算對於 FreeBSD 計劃" "有所貢獻的話 (程式碼、硬體、經費)， 請看 如何" "對 FreeBSD 貢獻。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:1663 +#: book.translate.xml:1686 msgid "What Can FreeBSD Do?" msgstr "FreeBSD 能做什麼？" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1665 +#: book.translate.xml:1688 msgid "FreeBSD has many noteworthy features. Some of these are:" msgstr "FreeBSD 提供給你許多先進功能。這些功能包括：" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1671 +#: book.translate.xml:1694 msgid "preemptive multitasking" msgstr "先佔式多工" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1670 +#: book.translate.xml:1693 msgid "" "Preemptive multitasking <_:indexterm-1/> with dynamic " "priority adjustment to ensure smooth and fair sharing of the computer " @@ -1453,12 +1447,12 @@ "即使在系統負擔很重的情況下，程式執行平順並且應用程式與使用者公平地共享資源。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1680 +#: book.translate.xml:1703 msgid "multi-user facilities" msgstr "多人共用" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1680 +#: book.translate.xml:1703 msgid "" "Multi-user facilities<_:indexterm-1/> which allow many " "people to use a FreeBSD system simultaneously for a variety of things. This " @@ -1473,12 +1467,12 @@ "保護系統不致被過度使用。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1693 +#: book.translate.xml:1716 msgid "TCP/IP networking" msgstr "TCP/IP 網路" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1692 +#: book.translate.xml:1715 msgid "" "Strong TCP/IP networking<_:indexterm-1/> with support " "for industry standards such as SCTP, DHCP, NFS, NIS, PPP, SLIP, IPsec, and " @@ -1495,12 +1489,12 @@ "供 WWW、FTP、路由及防火牆 (安全性) 等必備服務。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1706 +#: book.translate.xml:1729 msgid "memory protection" msgstr "記憶體保護" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1706 +#: book.translate.xml:1729 msgid "" "Memory protection<_:indexterm-1/> ensures that " "applications (or users) cannot interfere with each other. One application " @@ -1510,12 +1504,12 @@ "程式有不正常的運作，都不會影響其他程式的執行。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1715 book.translate.xml:1958 +#: book.translate.xml:1738 book.translate.xml:1981 msgid "X Window System" msgstr "X Window 系統" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1714 +#: book.translate.xml:1737 msgid "" "The industry standard X Window System<_:indexterm-1/> " "(X11R7) can provide a graphical user interface (GUI) on any machine and " @@ -1527,32 +1521,32 @@ #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1724 book.translate.xml:18084 +#: book.translate.xml:1747 book.translate.xml:18106 msgid "binary compatibility Linux" msgstr "Binary 相容性 Linux" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1728 +#: book.translate.xml:1751 msgid "binary compatibility SCO" msgstr "Binary 相容性 SCO" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1732 +#: book.translate.xml:1755 msgid "binary compatibility SVR4" msgstr "Binary 相容性 SVR4" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1736 +#: book.translate.xml:1759 msgid "binary compatibility BSD/OS" msgstr "Binary 相容性 BSD/OS" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1740 +#: book.translate.xml:1763 msgid "binary compatibility NetBSD" msgstr "Binary 相容性 NetBSD" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1723 +#: book.translate.xml:1746 msgid "" "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> <_:indexterm-3/> <_:indexterm-4/> <_:" "indexterm-5/> Binary compatibility with many programs " @@ -1563,7 +1557,7 @@ "(如： Linux、SCO、SVR4、BSDI 和 NetBSD) 的可執行檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1750 +#: book.translate.xml:1773 msgid "" "Thousands of ready-to-run applications are available " "from the FreeBSD ports and packageseasy-to-port applications " "are available on the Internet. FreeBSD is source code compatible with most " @@ -1587,12 +1581,12 @@ "行。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1767 +#: book.translate.xml:1790 msgid "virtual memory" msgstr "虛擬記憶體" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1766 +#: book.translate.xml:1789 msgid "" "Demand paged virtual memory<_:indexterm-1/> and " "merged VM/buffer cache design efficiently satisfies " @@ -1604,12 +1598,12 @@ "維持與其他使用者的互動。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1776 +#: book.translate.xml:1799 msgid "Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP)" msgstr "對稱多工處理 (SMP)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1776 +#: book.translate.xml:1799 msgid "" "SMP<_:indexterm-1/> support for machines with multiple " "CPUs." @@ -1618,17 +1612,17 @@ "多 CPU 的電腦系統。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1785 +#: book.translate.xml:1808 msgid "compilers C" msgstr "編譯器 C" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1789 +#: book.translate.xml:1812 msgid "compilers C++" msgstr "編譯器 C++" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1784 +#: book.translate.xml:1807 msgid "" "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> A full complement of C and C++ development tools. Many additional " @@ -1640,12 +1634,12 @@ "進階研發的程式語言也收集在 Port 和套件集。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1802 +#: book.translate.xml:1825 msgid "source code" msgstr "原始碼" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1802 +#: book.translate.xml:1825 msgid "" "Source code<_:indexterm-1/> for the entire system means " "you have the greatest degree of control over your environment. Why be locked " @@ -1657,22 +1651,22 @@ "廠商擺佈呢？" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1811 +#: book.translate.xml:1834 msgid "Extensive online documentation." msgstr "廣泛且豐富的 線上文件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1816 +#: book.translate.xml:1839 msgid "And many more!" msgstr "當然囉，還不止如此！" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1823 +#: book.translate.xml:1846 msgid "Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG)" msgstr "電腦系統研究組 (CSRG)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1820 +#: book.translate.xml:1843 msgid "" "FreeBSD is based on the 4.4BSD-Lite<_:indexterm-1/> release from Computer " "Systems Research Group (CSRG)<_:indexterm-2/> at the University of " @@ -1691,7 +1685,7 @@ "時，FreeBSD 已經具備這樣的特質，並具有其他地方沒有的尖端功能。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1834 +#: book.translate.xml:1857 msgid "" "The applications to which FreeBSD can be put are truly limited only by your " "own imagination. From software development to factory automation, inventory " @@ -1711,7 +1705,7 @@ "軟體，而且出現的數目是與日俱增。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1846 +#: book.translate.xml:1869 msgid "" "Because the source code for FreeBSD itself is generally available, the " "system can also be customized to an almost unheard of degree for special " @@ -1724,7 +1718,7 @@ "地被修改。 以下提供一些人們使用 FreeBSD 的例子：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1856 +#: book.translate.xml:1879 msgid "" "Internet Services: The robust TCP/IP networking built " "into FreeBSD makes it an ideal platform for a variety of Internet services " @@ -1734,34 +1728,34 @@ "務 (如下例) 的理想平台：" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1863 +#: book.translate.xml:1886 msgid "web servers" msgstr "網頁伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1863 +#: book.translate.xml:1886 msgid "World Wide Web servers<_:indexterm-1/> (standard or secure [SSL])" msgstr "全球資訊網伺服器<_:indexterm-1/> (標準的或更安全的 [SSL])" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1870 +#: book.translate.xml:1893 msgid "IPv4 and IPv6 routing" msgstr "IPv4 及 IPv6 路由" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: chapter/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1874 book.translate.xml:57722 +#: book.translate.xml:1897 book.translate.xml:58105 msgid "firewall" msgstr "防火牆" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1877 book.translate.xml:60888 +#: book.translate.xml:1900 book.translate.xml:61271 msgid "NAT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1874 +#: book.translate.xml:1897 msgid "" "Firewalls<_:indexterm-1/> and NAT<_:indexterm-2/> (IP masquerading) gateways" @@ -1770,38 +1764,38 @@ "閘。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1884 +#: book.translate.xml:1907 msgid "FTP servers" msgstr "FTP 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1884 +#: book.translate.xml:1907 msgid "FTP servers<_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "檔案傳輸協定伺服器<_:indexterm-1/>" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1891 +#: book.translate.xml:1914 msgid "electronic mail email" msgstr "電子郵件 email" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1895 book.translate.xml:50090 +#: book.translate.xml:1918 book.translate.xml:50475 msgid "email" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1890 +#: book.translate.xml:1913 msgid "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> Electronic Mail servers" msgstr "<_:indexterm-1/><_:indexterm-2/> 電子郵件伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1902 +#: book.translate.xml:1925 msgid "And more..." msgstr "還有更多..." #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1908 +#: book.translate.xml:1931 msgid "" "Education: Are you a student of computer science or a " "related engineering field? There is no better way of learning about " @@ -1817,7 +1811,7 @@ "等可以免費地取得使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1920 +#: book.translate.xml:1943 msgid "" "Research: With source code for the entire system " "available, FreeBSD is an excellent platform for research in operating " @@ -1832,17 +1826,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1932 book.translate.xml:61771 +#: book.translate.xml:1955 book.translate.xml:62154 msgid "router" msgstr "路由器" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1934 +#: book.translate.xml:1957 msgid "DNS Server" msgstr "DNS 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1931 +#: book.translate.xml:1954 msgid "" "Networking: Need a new router?<_:indexterm-1/> A name " "server (DNS)?<_:indexterm-2/> A firewall to keep people out of your internal " @@ -1854,12 +1848,12 @@ "或 486 PC 變身成為絕佳的伺服器，甚至具有過濾封包的功能。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1945 +#: book.translate.xml:1968 msgid "embedded" msgstr "嵌入式" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1943 +#: book.translate.xml:1966 msgid "" "Embedded: FreeBSD makes an excellent platform to build " "embedded systems upon. <_:indexterm-1/> With support for the GNOME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1964 book.translate.xml:12133 +#: book.translate.xml:1987 book.translate.xml:12156 msgid "KDE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1957 +#: book.translate.xml:1980 msgid "" "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> <_:indexterm-3/> Desktop: FreeBSD makes a fine choice for an inexpensive desktop solution " @@ -1910,12 +1904,12 @@ "於管理。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:1983 +#: book.translate.xml:2006 msgid "Compiler" msgstr "編譯器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:1980 +#: book.translate.xml:2003 msgid "" "Software Development: The basic FreeBSD system comes " "with a full complement of development tools including a full C/C++<_:" @@ -1927,7 +1921,7 @@ "援需多其他語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:1992 +#: book.translate.xml:2015 msgid "" "FreeBSD is available to download free of charge, or can be obtained on " "either CD-ROM or DVD. Please see for more " @@ -1937,19 +1931,19 @@ "linkend=\"mirrors\"/> 取得 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:1999 +#: book.translate.xml:2022 msgid "Who Uses FreeBSD?" msgstr "誰在用 FreeBSD？" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2001 +#: book.translate.xml:2024 msgid "" "users large sites running FreeBSD" msgstr "" "使用者 執行 FreeBSD 的大型站台" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2006 +#: book.translate.xml:2029 msgid "" "FreeBSD's advanced features, proven security, predictable release cycle, and " "permissive license have led to its use as a platform for building many " @@ -1962,12 +1956,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2016 book.translate.xml:56391 +#: book.translate.xml:2039 book.translate.xml:56774 msgid "Apache" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2015 +#: book.translate.xml:2038 msgid "" "Apache <_:indexterm-1/> - " "The Apache Software Foundation runs most of its public facing " @@ -1979,12 +1973,12 @@ "庫 (擁有超過 140 萬次提交) 都是在 FreeBSD 上運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2026 +#: book.translate.xml:2049 msgid "Apple" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2025 +#: book.translate.xml:2048 msgid "" "Apple <_:indexterm-1/> - " "OS X borrows heavily from FreeBSD for the network stack, virtual file " @@ -1996,12 +1990,12 @@ "Apple iOS 中含有從 FreeBSD 借鑒來的元素。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2036 +#: book.translate.xml:2059 msgid "Cisco" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2035 +#: book.translate.xml:2058 msgid "" "Cisco <_:indexterm-1/> - " "IronPort network security and anti-spam appliances run a modified FreeBSD " @@ -2011,12 +2005,12 @@ "IronPort 網路安全及反垃圾郵件設備是採用改良後 FreeBSD 核心來運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2044 +#: book.translate.xml:2067 msgid "Citrix" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2043 +#: book.translate.xml:2066 msgid "" "Citrix <_:indexterm-1/> - " "The NetScaler line of security appliances provide layer 4-7 load balancing, " @@ -2028,12 +2022,12 @@ "牆、安全的 VPN 以及行動雲端網路存取，皆運用了 FreeBSD Shell 強大的功能。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2055 +#: book.translate.xml:2078 msgid "Dell KACE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2053 +#: book.translate.xml:2076 msgid "" "Dell KACE <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The KACE system management appliances run FreeBSD because of " @@ -2045,12 +2039,12 @@ "擴展性以及支持其持續發展的社群。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2065 +#: book.translate.xml:2088 msgid "Experts Exchange" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2063 +#: book.translate.xml:2086 msgid "" "Experts Exchange <_:indexterm-1/> - All public facing web servers are powered by " @@ -2062,12 +2056,12 @@ "量使用 Jail 來隔離開發與測試環境，減少了虛擬化的額外開銷。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2075 +#: book.translate.xml:2098 msgid "Isilon" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2074 +#: book.translate.xml:2097 msgid "" "Isilon <_:indexterm-1/> - " "Isilon's enterprise storage appliances are based on FreeBSD. The extremely " @@ -2080,12 +2074,12 @@ "整合了它們的智慧財產到整個核心，並專注打造自己的產品，而不是一個作業系統。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2087 +#: book.translate.xml:2110 msgid "iXsystems" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2086 +#: book.translate.xml:2109 msgid "" "iXsystems <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The TrueNAS line of unified storage appliances is based on " @@ -2098,12 +2092,12 @@ "開源計劃的開發。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2097 +#: book.translate.xml:2120 msgid "Juniper" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2096 +#: book.translate.xml:2119 msgid "" "Juniper <_:indexterm-1/> " "- The JunOS operating system that powers all Juniper networking gear " @@ -2121,12 +2115,12 @@ "功能從 FreeBSD 整合回 JunOS 的複雜性。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2112 +#: book.translate.xml:2135 msgid "McAfee" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2111 +#: book.translate.xml:2134 msgid "" "McAfee <_:indexterm-1/> - " "SecurOS, the basis of McAfee enterprise firewall products including " @@ -2137,12 +2131,12 @@ "FreeBSD 為基礎。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2121 +#: book.translate.xml:2144 msgid "NetApp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2120 +#: book.translate.xml:2143 msgid "" "NetApp <_:indexterm-1/> - " "The Data ONTAP GX line of storage appliances are based on FreeBSD. In " @@ -2154,12 +2148,12 @@ "了回 FreeBSD 許多功能，包括新 BSD 條款授權的 hypervisor, bhyve。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2131 book.translate.xml:2405 +#: book.translate.xml:2154 book.translate.xml:2428 msgid "Netflix" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2130 +#: book.translate.xml:2153 msgid "" "Netflix <_:indexterm-1/> " "- The OpenConnect appliance that Netflix uses to stream movies to its " @@ -2174,13 +2168,12 @@ "Netflix 的 OpenConnect 設備負責了北美所有的網路流量 32％ 以上。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2144 +#: book.translate.xml:2167 msgid "Sandvine" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2143 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:2166 msgid "" "Sandvine <_:indexterm-1/" "> - Sandvine uses FreeBSD as the basis of their high performance real-time " @@ -2188,16 +2181,16 @@ "control products." msgstr "" "Sandvine <_:indexterm-1/" -"> - Sandvine 使用 FreeBSD 作為它們的高性能即時網路處理平台，來建立它們的智慧" -"網路策略控制產品。" +"> - Sandvine 使用 FreeBSD 作為它的高性能即時網路處理平台的基礎來建立它們的智" +"慧網路策略控制產品。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2154 +#: book.translate.xml:2177 msgid "Sony" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2153 +#: book.translate.xml:2176 msgid "" "Sony <_:indexterm-1/> - The " "PlayStation 4 gaming console runs a modified version of FreeBSD." @@ -2206,12 +2199,12 @@ "PlayStation 4 遊戲主機使用了修改過的 FreeBSD 版本來運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2162 +#: book.translate.xml:2185 msgid "Sophos" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2161 +#: book.translate.xml:2184 msgid "" "Sophos <_:indexterm-1/> - " "The Sophos Email Appliance product is based on a hardened FreeBSD and scans " @@ -2223,12 +2216,12 @@ "郵件中的垃圾郵件和病毒，同時也可監控出站郵件中的惡意軟體及敏感資訊。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2174 +#: book.translate.xml:2197 msgid "Spectra Logic" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2172 +#: book.translate.xml:2195 msgid "" "Spectra Logic <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The nTier line of archive grade storage appliances run " @@ -2238,12 +2231,12 @@ "indexterm-1/> - 儲藏級儲存設備的 nTier 產品線以 FreeBSD 和 OpenZFS 來運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2182 +#: book.translate.xml:2205 msgid "Stormshield" msgstr "Stormshield" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2181 +#: book.translate.xml:2204 msgid "" "Stormshield <_:" "indexterm-1/> - Stormshield Network Security appliances are based on a " @@ -2256,12 +2249,12 @@ "BSD 授權條款讓他們可將其智慧財產與系統整合並同時回饋大量有趣的發展給社群。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2195 +#: book.translate.xml:2218 msgid "The Weather Channel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2193 +#: book.translate.xml:2216 msgid "" "The Weather Channel <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The IntelliStar appliance that is installed at each local " @@ -2273,12 +2266,12 @@ "視網路節目的 IntelliStar 設備便是使用 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2206 +#: book.translate.xml:2229 msgid "Verisign" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2205 +#: book.translate.xml:2228 msgid "" "Verisign <_:indexterm-1/" "> - Verisign is responsible for operating the .com and .net root domain " @@ -2292,12 +2285,12 @@ "點故障的問題。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2219 +#: book.translate.xml:2242 msgid "Voxer" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2218 +#: book.translate.xml:2241 msgid "" "Voxer <_:indexterm-1/> - " "Voxer powers their mobile voice messaging platform with ZFS on FreeBSD. " @@ -2313,12 +2306,12 @@ "的 ZFS 也支援了 TRIM。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2233 +#: book.translate.xml:2256 msgid "WhatsApp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2232 +#: book.translate.xml:2255 msgid "" "WhatsApp <_:indexterm-1/" "> - When WhatsApp needed a platform that would be able to handle more than 1 " @@ -2330,12 +2323,12 @@ "台時，它們選擇了 FreeBSD。它們接著擴大規模到每台伺服器處理超過 250 萬的連線。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2245 +#: book.translate.xml:2268 msgid "Wheel Systems" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2243 +#: book.translate.xml:2266 msgid "" "Wheel Systems <_:" "indexterm-1/> - The FUDO security appliance allows enterprises to monitor, " @@ -2349,17 +2342,17 @@ "GELI, Capsicum, HAST 及 auditdistd。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2257 +#: book.translate.xml:2280 msgid "FreeBSD has also spawned a number of related open source projects:" msgstr "FreeBSD 也催生了數個相關的開源計劃：" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2264 +#: book.translate.xml:2287 msgid "BSD Router" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2262 +#: book.translate.xml:2285 msgid "" "BSD Router <_:indexterm-1/> - " "A FreeBSD based replacement for large enterprise routers designed to run on " @@ -2369,12 +2362,12 @@ "以 FreeBSD 為基礎的大型企業路由器替代方案，專門設計為可在標準 PC 硬體上運作。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2273 +#: book.translate.xml:2296 msgid "FreeNAS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2272 +#: book.translate.xml:2295 msgid "" "FreeNAS <_:indexterm-1/> " "- A customized FreeBSD designed to be used as a network file server " @@ -2389,12 +2382,12 @@ "iSCSI，還有以 FreeBSD Jail 為基礎的套件系統。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2285 +#: book.translate.xml:2308 msgid "GhostBSD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2284 +#: book.translate.xml:2307 msgid "" "GhostBSD <_:indexterm-1/" "> - A desktop oriented distribution of FreeBSD bundled with the Gnome " @@ -2404,12 +2397,12 @@ "> - 採用 Gnome 桌面環境的 FreeBSD 發行版。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2293 +#: book.translate.xml:2316 msgid "mfsBSD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2292 +#: book.translate.xml:2315 msgid "" "mfsBSD <_:indexterm-1/> - A " "toolkit for building a FreeBSD system image that runs entirely from memory." @@ -2418,12 +2411,12 @@ "來建置可完全從記憶體執行 FreeBSD 系統映像檔工具。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2301 +#: book.translate.xml:2324 msgid "NAS4Free" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2300 +#: book.translate.xml:2323 msgid "" "NAS4Free <_:indexterm-1/" "> - A file server distribution based on FreeBSD with a PHP powered web " @@ -2433,12 +2426,12 @@ "> - 以 FreeBSD 及 PHP 驅動網頁介面為基礎的檔案伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2309 +#: book.translate.xml:2332 msgid "OPNsense" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2308 +#: book.translate.xml:2331 msgid "" "OPNSense <_:indexterm-1/" "> - OPNsense is an open source, easy-to-use and easy-to-build FreeBSD based " @@ -2453,29 +2446,29 @@ "功能集，同時擁有開放和安全的來源。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2321 +#: book.translate.xml:2344 msgid "TrueOS" msgstr "TrueOS" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2320 +#: book.translate.xml:2343 msgid "" "TrueOS <_:indexterm-1/> - " "A customized version of FreeBSD geared towards desktop users with graphical " "utilities to exposing the power of FreeBSD to all users. Designed to ease " "the transition of Windows and OS X users." msgstr "" -"TrueOS <_:indexterm-1/> - " +"TrueOS <_:indexterm-1/> - " "訂製版本的 FreeBSD，裝備了給桌面使用者使用的圖型化工具來展示 FreeBSD 強大的功" "能給所有使用者，專門設計來緩解使用者在 Windows 與 OS X 間的過渡。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2331 +#: book.translate.xml:2354 msgid "pfSense" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2330 +#: book.translate.xml:2353 msgid "" "pfSense <_:indexterm-1/> " "- A firewall distribution based on FreeBSD with a huge array of features and " @@ -2485,12 +2478,12 @@ "- 以 FreeBSD 為基礎的防火牆發行版，支援巨型陣列及大規模 IPv6。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2340 +#: book.translate.xml:2363 msgid "ZRouter" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2339 +#: book.translate.xml:2362 msgid "" "ZRouter <_:indexterm-1/> - " "An open source alternative firmware for embedded devices based on FreeBSD. " @@ -2501,135 +2494,135 @@ "用韌體。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2348 +#: book.translate.xml:2371 msgid "" "FreeBSD is also used to power some of the biggest sites on the Internet, " "including:" msgstr "FreeBSD 也同時被用來驅動一些網際網路上的大型網站，包括：" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2354 +#: book.translate.xml:2377 msgid "Yahoo!" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2353 +#: book.translate.xml:2376 msgid "" "Yahoo! <_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2361 +#: book.translate.xml:2384 msgid "Yandex" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2360 +#: book.translate.xml:2383 msgid "" "Yandex <_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2368 +#: book.translate.xml:2391 msgid "Rambler" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2367 +#: book.translate.xml:2390 msgid "" "Rambler <_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2375 +#: book.translate.xml:2398 msgid "Sina" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2374 +#: book.translate.xml:2397 msgid "Sina <_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2383 +#: book.translate.xml:2406 msgid "Pair Networks" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2381 +#: book.translate.xml:2404 msgid "" "Pair Networks <_:" "indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2391 +#: book.translate.xml:2414 msgid "Sony Japan" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2389 +#: book.translate.xml:2412 msgid "" "Sony Japan <_:indexterm-1/" ">" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2398 +#: book.translate.xml:2421 msgid "Netcraft" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2397 +#: book.translate.xml:2420 msgid "" "Netcraft <_:indexterm-1/" ">" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2404 +#: book.translate.xml:2427 msgid "" "Netflix " "<_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2412 +#: book.translate.xml:2435 msgid "NetEase" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2411 +#: book.translate.xml:2434 msgid "" "NetEase <_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2419 +#: book.translate.xml:2442 msgid "Weathernews" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2418 +#: book.translate.xml:2441 msgid "" "Weathernews <_:" "indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2427 +#: book.translate.xml:2450 msgid "TELEHOUSE America" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2425 +#: book.translate.xml:2448 msgid "" "TELEHOUSE America <_:" "indexterm-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2434 +#: book.translate.xml:2457 msgid "" "and many more. Wikipedia also maintains a list of products " @@ -2639,12 +2632,12 @@ "org/wiki/List_of_products_based_on_FreeBSD\">以 FreeBSD 為基礎的產品。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:2440 +#: book.translate.xml:2463 msgid "About the FreeBSD Project" msgstr "關於 FreeBSD 計劃" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2442 +#: book.translate.xml:2465 msgid "" "The following section provides some background information on the project, " "including a brief history, project goals, and the development model of the " @@ -2652,37 +2645,37 @@ msgstr "接下來講的是 FreeBSD 計劃的背景，包含歷史、計劃目標以及開發模式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:2447 +#: book.translate.xml:2470 msgid "A Brief History of FreeBSD" msgstr "FreeBSD 歷史簡介" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2449 +#: book.translate.xml:2472 msgid "386BSD Patchkit" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2450 +#: book.translate.xml:2473 msgid "Hubbard, Jordan" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2451 +#: book.translate.xml:2474 msgid "Williams, Nate" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2452 +#: book.translate.xml:2475 msgid "Grimes, Rod" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2453 +#: book.translate.xml:2476 msgid "FreeBSD Project history" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2458 +#: book.translate.xml:2481 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Project had its genesis in the early part of 1993, partially as " "an outgrowth of the Unofficial 386BSDPatchkit by the patchkit's last 3 " @@ -2692,12 +2685,12 @@ "劃的最後三個協調人 Nate Williams，Rod Grimes 和 Jordan Hubbard。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2463 book.translate.xml:2503 +#: book.translate.xml:2486 book.translate.xml:2526 msgid "386BSD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2464 +#: book.translate.xml:2487 msgid "" "The original goal was to produce an intermediate snapshot of 386BSD in order " "to fix a number of problems with it that the patchkit mechanism just was not " @@ -2709,12 +2702,12 @@ "386BSD Interim 便是這個原因。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2470 +#: book.translate.xml:2493 msgid "Jolitz, Bill" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2471 +#: book.translate.xml:2494 msgid "" "386BSD was Bill Jolitz's operating system, which had been up to that point " "suffering rather severely from almost a year's worth of neglect. As the " @@ -2730,17 +2723,17 @@ "出未來的打算，所以該計劃便突然面臨中止。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2481 +#: book.translate.xml:2504 msgid "Greenman, David" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2482 +#: book.translate.xml:2505 msgid "Walnut Creek CDROM" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2484 +#: book.translate.xml:2507 msgid "" "The trio thought that the goal remained worthwhile, even without Bill's " "support, and so they adopted the name \"FreeBSD\" coined by David Greenman. " @@ -2765,27 +2758,27 @@ "模。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2500 +#: book.translate.xml:2523 msgid "4.3BSD-Lite" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2501 book.translate.xml:2516 +#: book.translate.xml:2524 book.translate.xml:2539 msgid "Net/2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2502 book.translate.xml:2515 +#: book.translate.xml:2525 book.translate.xml:2538 msgid "U.C. Berkeley" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2504 book.translate.xml:8890 +#: book.translate.xml:2527 book.translate.xml:8913 msgid "Free Software Foundation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2506 +#: book.translate.xml:2529 msgid "" "The first CD-ROM (and general net-wide) distribution was FreeBSD 1.0, " "released in December of 1993. This was based on the 4.3BSD-Lite " @@ -2800,17 +2793,17 @@ "還算成功，我們又接著於 1994 年 5 月發行了相當成功的 FreeBSD 1.1。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2514 +#: book.translate.xml:2537 msgid "Novell" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2517 +#: book.translate.xml:2540 msgid "AT&T" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2518 +#: book.translate.xml:2541 msgid "" "Around this time, some rather unexpected storm clouds formed on the horizon " "as Novell and U.C. Berkeley settled their long-running lawsuit over the " @@ -2835,7 +2828,7 @@ "最後一次發行，也就是 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2535 +#: book.translate.xml:2558 msgid "" "FreeBSD then set about the arduous task of literally re-inventing itself " "from a completely new and rather incomplete set of 4.4BSD-Lite bits. The " @@ -2857,7 +2850,7 @@ "之於 1995 年 6 月又發行了更容易安裝，更好的 FreeBSD 2.0.5。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2549 +#: book.translate.xml:2572 msgid "" "Since that time, FreeBSD has made a series of releases each time improving " "the stability, speed, and feature set of the previous version." @@ -2866,7 +2859,7 @@ "的發佈版本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2553 +#: book.translate.xml:2576 msgid "" "For now, long-term development projects continue to take place in the 10.X-" "CURRENT (trunk) branch, and snapshot releases of 10.X are continually made " @@ -2878,24 +2871,24 @@ "snapshots/\">快照伺服器 取得。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:2561 +#: book.translate.xml:2584 msgid "FreeBSD Project Goals" msgstr "FreeBSD 計劃目標" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2564 +#: book.translate.xml:2587 msgid "" " Jordan Hubbard Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2574 +#: book.translate.xml:2597 msgid "FreeBSD Project goals" msgstr "FreeBSD 計劃 目標" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2578 +#: book.translate.xml:2601 msgid "" "The goals of the FreeBSD Project are to provide software that may be used " "for any purpose and without strings attached. Many of us have a significant " @@ -2915,22 +2908,22 @@ "是我們所倡導的一個目標。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2590 +#: book.translate.xml:2613 msgid "GNU General Public License (GPL)" msgstr "GNU 通用公共授權條款 (GPL)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2593 +#: book.translate.xml:2616 msgid "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)" msgstr "GNU 較寬鬆通用公共授權條款 (LGPL)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2596 +#: book.translate.xml:2619 msgid "BSD Copyright" msgstr "BSD 版權" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2597 +#: book.translate.xml:2620 msgid "" "That code in our source tree which falls under the GNU General Public " "License (GPL) or Library General Public License (LGPL) comes with slightly " @@ -2946,25 +2939,25 @@ "果可以選擇的話， 我們會比較喜歡使用限制相對更寬鬆的 BSD 版權來發佈軟體。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:2609 +#: book.translate.xml:2632 msgid "The FreeBSD Development Model" msgstr "FreeBSD 開發模式" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2612 +#: book.translate.xml:2635 msgid "" " Satoshi Asami Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2622 +#: book.translate.xml:2645 msgid "" "FreeBSD Project development model" msgstr "FreeBSD 專案 開發模式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2627 +#: book.translate.xml:2650 msgid "" "The development of FreeBSD is a very open and flexible process, being " "literally built from the contributions of thousands of people around the " @@ -2991,7 +2984,7 @@ "link> 對那些希望了解我們進度的人也是相當有用的。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2640 +#: book.translate.xml:2663 msgid "" "Useful things to know about the FreeBSD Project and its development process, " "whether working independently or in close cooperation:" @@ -3000,43 +2993,43 @@ "錯的︰" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2646 +#: book.translate.xml:2669 msgid "The SVN repositories" msgstr "SVN 檔案庫" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2650 +#: book.translate.xml:2673 msgid "CVS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2654 +#: book.translate.xml:2677 msgid "CVS Repository" msgstr "CVS 檔案庫" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2658 +#: book.translate.xml:2681 msgid "Concurrent Versions System CVS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2663 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:2686 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Subversion" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2667 +#: book.translate.xml:2690 msgid "Subversion Repository" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2671 +#: book.translate.xml:2694 msgid "SVN Subversion" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2649 +#: book.translate.xml:2672 msgid "" "<_:indexterm-1/> <_:indexterm-2/> <_:indexterm-3/> <_:indexterm-4/> <_:" "indexterm-5/> <_:indexterm-6/> For several years, the central source tree " @@ -3069,17 +3062,17 @@ "\"ports-using\">使用 Port 套件集 了解如何取得 FreeBSD Port 套件集。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2698 +#: book.translate.xml:2721 msgid "The committers list" msgstr "提交者名單" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2702 +#: book.translate.xml:2725 msgid "committers" msgstr "提交者" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2701 +#: book.translate.xml:2724 msgid "" "The committers <_:indexterm-1/> are the people who " "have write access to the Subversion tree, and are " @@ -3100,17 +3093,17 @@ "誤 (Bug)。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2718 +#: book.translate.xml:2741 msgid "The FreeBSD core team" msgstr "FreeBSD 核心團隊" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2722 +#: book.translate.xml:2745 msgid "core team" msgstr "核心團隊" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2721 +#: book.translate.xml:2744 msgid "" "The FreeBSD core team <_:indexterm-1/> would be " "equivalent to the board of directors if the FreeBSD Project were a company. " @@ -3128,7 +3121,7 @@ "2014 年 7 月從提交者候選人之中選出來的，這個選舉每兩年會舉辦一次。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:2737 +#: book.translate.xml:2760 msgid "" "Like most developers, most members of the core team are also volunteers when " "it comes to FreeBSD development and do not benefit from the project " @@ -3145,12 +3138,12 @@ "而選擇投入 FreeBSD 開發的熱血有為者才對！" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:2752 +#: book.translate.xml:2775 msgid "Outside contributors" msgstr "非官方貢獻者" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2755 +#: book.translate.xml:2778 msgid "" "Last, but definitely not least, the largest group of developers are the " "users themselves who provide feedback and bug fixes to us on an almost " @@ -3168,12 +3161,12 @@ "linkend=\"eresources\"/> 以瞭解各式不同的 FreeBSD 郵遞論壇。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2766 +#: book.translate.xml:2789 msgid "contributors" msgstr "貢獻者" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2764 +#: book.translate.xml:2787 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Contributors List " @@ -3186,7 +3179,7 @@ "貢獻 FreeBSD 一些回饋呢？" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2771 +#: book.translate.xml:2794 msgid "" "Providing code is not the only way of contributing to the project; for a " "more complete list of things that need doing, please refer to the FreeBSD 計畫網站。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2779 +#: book.translate.xml:2802 msgid "" "In summary, our development model is organized as a loose set of concentric " "circles. The centralized model is designed for the convenience of the " @@ -3213,7 +3206,7 @@ "用 — 而這個開發模式對我們要完成這個目標來說運作的非常好。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2789 +#: book.translate.xml:2812 msgid "" "All we ask of those who would join us as FreeBSD developers is some of the " "same dedication its current people have to its continued success!" @@ -3222,12 +3215,12 @@ "保繼續成功！" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:2795 +#: book.translate.xml:2818 msgid "Third Party Programs" msgstr "第三方程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2797 +#: book.translate.xml:2820 msgid "" "In addition to the base distributions, FreeBSD offers a ported software " "collection with thousands of commonly sought-after programs. At the time of " @@ -3255,12 +3248,12 @@ "更多有關套件與 Port 的資訊可於 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:2818 +#: book.translate.xml:2841 msgid "Additional Documentation" msgstr "其他文件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:2820 +#: book.translate.xml:2843 msgid "" "All recent FreeBSD versions provide an option in the installer (either " "sysinstall8/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/handbook/index.html/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/faq/index.htmlhttp://www.FreeBSD.org/." +"xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/\">https://www.FreeBSD.org/." msgstr "" "此外，可在下列網址找到最新版 (也是更新最頻繁的版本)：http://www.FreeBSD.org/。" +"\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/\">https://www.FreeBSD.org/。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:2864 +#: book.translate.xml:2887 msgid "Installing FreeBSD" msgstr "安裝 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2892 +#: book.translate.xml:2915 msgid "" " Gavin Atkinson Updated for bsdinstall by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2901 +#: book.translate.xml:2924 msgid "" " Warren Block " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:2910 +#: book.translate.xml:2933 msgid "" " Allan Jude Updated for root-on-ZFS by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:2924 +#: book.translate.xml:2947 msgid "installation" msgstr "安裝" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2926 +#: book.translate.xml:2949 msgid "" "Beginning with FreeBSD 9.0-RELEASE, FreeBSD provides an easy to use, text-" "based installation program named bsdinstall. This " @@ -3360,7 +3353,7 @@ "bsdinstall 來安裝 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2932 +#: book.translate.xml:2955 msgid "" "In general, the installation instructions in this chapter are written for " "the i386 and AMD64 architectures. " @@ -3375,7 +3368,7 @@ "著來做。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:2941 +#: book.translate.xml:2964 msgid "" "Users who prefer to install FreeBSD using a graphical installer may be " "interested in pc-sysinstall, the installer used " @@ -3391,22 +3384,22 @@ "\">https://www.trueos.org/handbook/trueos.html)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2953 +#: book.translate.xml:2976 msgid "The minimum hardware requirements and FreeBSD supported architectures." msgstr "最低的硬體需求和 FreeBSD 支援的架構。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2958 +#: book.translate.xml:2981 msgid "How to create the FreeBSD installation media." msgstr "如何建立 FreeBSD 的安裝媒體。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2962 +#: book.translate.xml:2985 msgid "How to start bsdinstall." msgstr "如何開始執行 bsdinstall。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2967 +#: book.translate.xml:2990 msgid "" "The questions bsdinstall will ask, what they " "mean, and how to answer them." @@ -3415,29 +3408,29 @@ "回答。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2972 +#: book.translate.xml:2995 msgid "How to troubleshoot a failed installation." msgstr "安裝失敗時如何做故障排除。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2976 +#: book.translate.xml:2999 msgid "" "How to access a live version of FreeBSD before committing to an installation." msgstr "如何在正式安裝前使用 live 版本的 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2981 book.translate.xml:10706 book.translate.xml:14038 -#: book.translate.xml:18129 book.translate.xml:19394 book.translate.xml:23818 -#: book.translate.xml:29517 book.translate.xml:31264 book.translate.xml:32016 -#: book.translate.xml:35787 book.translate.xml:41718 book.translate.xml:41913 -#: book.translate.xml:43291 book.translate.xml:44314 book.translate.xml:45887 -#: book.translate.xml:46246 book.translate.xml:48457 book.translate.xml:50163 -#: book.translate.xml:57814 book.translate.xml:61465 +#: book.translate.xml:3004 book.translate.xml:10729 book.translate.xml:14061 +#: book.translate.xml:18151 book.translate.xml:19413 book.translate.xml:23837 +#: book.translate.xml:29536 book.translate.xml:31283 book.translate.xml:32035 +#: book.translate.xml:35807 book.translate.xml:41767 book.translate.xml:41972 +#: book.translate.xml:43677 book.translate.xml:44700 book.translate.xml:46272 +#: book.translate.xml:46631 book.translate.xml:48842 book.translate.xml:50548 +#: book.translate.xml:58197 book.translate.xml:61848 msgid "Before reading this chapter, you should:" msgstr "在開始閱讀這章之前，您需要︰" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:2985 +#: book.translate.xml:3008 msgid "" "Read the supported hardware list that shipped with the version of FreeBSD to " "be installed and verify that the system's hardware is supported." @@ -3445,12 +3438,12 @@ "閱讀即將安裝的 FreeBSD 版本所附帶的硬體支援清單，並核對系統的硬體是否有支援。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:2993 +#: book.translate.xml:3016 msgid "Minimum Hardware Requirements" msgstr "最低硬體需求" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:2995 +#: book.translate.xml:3018 msgid "" "The hardware requirements to install FreeBSD vary by architecture. Hardware " "architectures and devices supported by a FreeBSD release are listed on the " @@ -3466,7 +3459,7 @@ "也有建議如何正確的選擇在不同架構使用的映像檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3002 +#: book.translate.xml:3025 msgid "" "A FreeBSD installation requires a minimum of 96 MB of RAM " "and 1.5 GB of free hard drive space. However, such small amounts of memory " @@ -3479,17 +3472,17 @@ "途的桌面系統會需要更多的資源，2-4 GB RAM 與至少 8 GB 的硬碟空間是不錯的起點。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3010 +#: book.translate.xml:3033 msgid "These are the processor requirements for each architecture:" msgstr "每一種架構的處理器需求概述如下：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:3015 +#: book.translate.xml:3038 msgid "amd64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3017 +#: book.translate.xml:3040 msgid "" "This is the most common desktop and laptop processor type, used in most " "modern systems. Intel calls it " @@ -3501,32 +3494,32 @@ "製造商則稱該類型為 x86-64。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3022 +#: book.translate.xml:3045 msgid "" -"Examples of amd64 compatible processsors include: AMD AthlonAMD Athlon64, AMD Opteron, multi-core Intel Xeon, and " "Intel Core 2 and later processors." msgstr "" -"與 amd64 相容的處理器包含：AMD Athlon64, " +"與 amd64 相容的處理器範例包含：AMD Athlon64, " "AMD Opteron, 多核心 Intel Xeon 以及 Intel Core 2 與之後的處理" "器。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:3030 +#: book.translate.xml:3053 msgid "i386" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3032 +#: book.translate.xml:3055 msgid "Older desktops and laptops often use this 32-bit, x86 architecture." msgstr "舊型的桌面電腦與筆記型電腦常使用此 32-bit, x86 架構。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3035 +#: book.translate.xml:3058 msgid "" "Almost all i386-compatible processors with a floating point unit are " "supported. All Intel processors " @@ -3536,7 +3529,7 @@ "\"registered\">Intel 486 或是更高階的處理器也有支援。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3039 +#: book.translate.xml:3062 msgid "" "FreeBSD will take advantage of Physical Address Extensions (PAE) support on CPUs with this feature. A kernel " @@ -3554,12 +3547,12 @@ "refentrytitle>4。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:3051 +#: book.translate.xml:3074 msgid "ia64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3053 +#: book.translate.xml:3076 msgid "" "Currently supported processors are the Itanium and the ItaniumSMP) 的設定都有支援。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:3063 +#: book.translate.xml:3086 msgid "pc98" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3065 +#: book.translate.xml:3088 msgid "" "NEC PC-9801/9821 series with almost all i386-compatible processors, " "including 80486, Pentium, " @@ -3600,7 +3593,7 @@ "FC-9801/9821 及 NEC SV-98 系列也有支援。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3074 +#: book.translate.xml:3097 msgid "" "High-resolution mode is not supported. NEC PC-98XA/XL/RL/XL^2, and NEC PC-" "H98 series are supported in normal (PC-9801 compatible) mode only. The " @@ -3614,12 +3607,12 @@ "流排不支援。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:3085 +#: book.translate.xml:3108 msgid "powerpc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3087 +#: book.translate.xml:3110 msgid "" "All New World ROM Apple Mac systems with " @@ -3632,17 +3625,17 @@ "CPU 的機器都有支援。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3092 +#: book.translate.xml:3115 msgid "A 32-bit kernel can only use the first 2 GB of RAM." msgstr "32 位元的核心只能使用前 2 GB 的 RAM。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:3098 +#: book.translate.xml:3121 msgid "sparc64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3100 +#: book.translate.xml:3123 msgid "" "Systems supported by FreeBSD/sparc64 are listed at the FreeBSD/sparc64 Project." @@ -3651,7 +3644,7 @@ "platforms/sparc.html\">FreeBSD/sparc64 計劃。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3104 +#: book.translate.xml:3127 msgid "" "SMP is supported on all systems with more than 1 " "processor. A dedicated disk is required as it is not possible to share a " @@ -3661,12 +3654,12 @@ "因為此時無法和其他作業系統共用磁碟。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:3114 +#: book.translate.xml:3137 msgid "Pre-Installation Tasks" msgstr "安裝前準備工作" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3116 +#: book.translate.xml:3139 msgid "" "Once it has been determined that the system meets the minimum hardware " "requirements for installing FreeBSD, the installation file should be " @@ -3678,12 +3671,12 @@ "體。 做這些之前，先檢查以下核對清單的項目是否準備好了：" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3125 +#: book.translate.xml:3148 msgid "Back Up Important Data" msgstr "備份重要資料" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3127 +#: book.translate.xml:3150 msgid "" "Before installing any operating system, always backup " "all important data first. Do not store the backup on the system being " @@ -3700,12 +3693,12 @@ "面的資料都會遺失。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3139 +#: book.translate.xml:3162 msgid "Decide Where to Install FreeBSD" msgstr "決定 FreeBSD 安裝在哪裡" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3141 +#: book.translate.xml:3164 msgid "" "If FreeBSD will be the only operating system installed, this step can be " "skipped. But if FreeBSD will share the disk with another operating system, " @@ -3716,7 +3709,7 @@ "是哪個分割區 (Partition)。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3146 +#: book.translate.xml:3169 msgid "" "In the i386 and amd64 architectures, disks can be divided into multiple " "partitions using one of two partitioning schemes. A traditional " @@ -3742,7 +3735,7 @@ "個分割區，不再需要使用邏輯分割區。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3164 +#: book.translate.xml:3187 msgid "" "Some older operating systems, like Windows XP, are not compatible with the GPT partition " @@ -3754,7 +3747,7 @@ "這類作業系統共用一個磁碟，則需要用 MBR 分割表格式。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3171 +#: book.translate.xml:3194 msgid "" "The FreeBSD boot loader requires either a primary or GPT " "partition. If all of the primary or GPT partitions are " @@ -3768,7 +3761,7 @@ "工具來縮小現有的分割區，並使用釋放出來的空間建立新分割區。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3179 +#: book.translate.xml:3202 msgid "" "A variety of free and commercial partition resizing tools are listed at " "CD 發行版所收錄。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3189 +#: book.translate.xml:3212 msgid "" "When used properly, disk shrinking utilities can safely create space for " "creating a new partition. Since the possibility of selecting the wrong " @@ -3801,7 +3794,7 @@ "料，並確認備份的完整性。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3196 +#: book.translate.xml:3219 msgid "" "Disk partitions containing different operating systems make it possible to " "install multiple operating systems on one computer. An alternative is to use " @@ -3814,12 +3807,12 @@ "執行而不需要改變任何磁碟分割區。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3205 +#: book.translate.xml:3228 msgid "Collect Network Information" msgstr "收集網路資訊" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3207 +#: book.translate.xml:3230 msgid "" "Some FreeBSD installation methods require a network connection in order to " "download the installation files. After any installation, the installer will " @@ -3829,7 +3822,7 @@ "入設定系統網路的介面。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3212 +#: book.translate.xml:3235 msgid "" "If the network has a DHCP server, it can be used to " "provide automatic network configuration. If DHCP is not " @@ -3841,81 +3834,81 @@ "商 (Internet Service Provider, ISP) 取得以的網路資訊供系統使用：" #. (itstool) path: orderedlist/title -#: book.translate.xml:3220 +#: book.translate.xml:3243 msgid "Required Network Information" msgstr "需要的網路資訊" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:3223 book.translate.xml:53217 +#: book.translate.xml:3246 book.translate.xml:53602 msgid "IP address" msgstr "IP 位址" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3227 +#: book.translate.xml:3250 msgid "Subnet mask" msgstr "子網路遮罩" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3231 +#: book.translate.xml:3254 msgid "IP address of default gateway" msgstr "預設通訊閘 IP 位址" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3236 +#: book.translate.xml:3259 msgid "Domain name of the network" msgstr "網路的網域名稱" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3240 +#: book.translate.xml:3263 msgid "" "IP addresses of the network's DNS " "servers" msgstr "網路 DNS 伺服器 IP 位址" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3247 +#: book.translate.xml:3270 msgid "Check for FreeBSD Errata" msgstr "檢查 FreeBSD 勘誤表" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3249 +#: book.translate.xml:3272 msgid "" "Although the FreeBSD Project strives to ensure that each release of FreeBSD " "is as stable as possible, bugs occasionally creep into the process. On very " "rare occasions those bugs affect the installation process. As these problems " "are discovered and fixed, they are noted in the FreeBSD Errata (http://www.freebsd.org/" -"releases/11.0R/errata.html) on the FreeBSD web site. Check the errata " -"before installing to make sure that there are no problems that might affect " -"the installation." +"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/releases/11.1R/errata.html\">https://www.freebsd." +"org/releases/11.1R/errata.html) on the FreeBSD web site. Check the " +"errata before installing to make sure that there are no problems that might " +"affect the installation." msgstr "" -"儘管 FreeBSD Project 努力確保每個 FreeBSD 發行版能夠儘可能地穩定，但錯誤偶爾" -"還是會悄悄出現，並有極小的可能會發生影響安裝流程的錯誤，當這些問題被發現並修" -"正後，會被紀錄在 FreeBSD 網站的 FreeBSD 勘誤表 (http://www.freebsd.org/" -"releases/11.0R/errata.html)。 安裝前先檢查勘誤表，以確保沒有會影響到安" +"儘管 FreeBSD 計劃努力確保每個 FreeBSD 發行版能夠儘可能地穩定，但錯誤偶爾還是" +"會悄悄出現，並有極小的可能會發生影響安裝流程的錯誤，當這些問題被發現並修正" +"後，會被紀錄在 FreeBSD 網站的 FreeBSD 勘誤表 (https://www.freebsd.org/" +"releases/11.1R/errata.html)。 安裝前先檢查勘誤表，以確保沒有會影響到安" "裝的問題。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3259 +#: book.translate.xml:3282 msgid "" "Information and errata for all the releases can be found on the release " "information section of the FreeBSD web site (http://www.freebsd.org/releases/" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/releases/index.html\">https://www.freebsd.org/releases/" "index.html)." msgstr "" "所有發行版的資訊和勘誤表可以在 FreeBSD 網站的發行資訊找到 (http://www.freebsd.org/releases/" +"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/releases/index.html\">https://www.freebsd.org/releases/" "index.html)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3266 +#: book.translate.xml:3289 msgid "Prepare the Installation Media" msgstr "準備安裝的媒體" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3268 +#: book.translate.xml:3291 msgid "" "The FreeBSD installer is not an application that can be run from within " "another operating system. Instead, download a FreeBSD installation file, " @@ -3929,7 +3922,7 @@ "媒體來安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3275 +#: book.translate.xml:3298 msgid "" "FreeBSD installation files are available at www.freebsd.org/where." @@ -3948,7 +3941,7 @@ "DVD 來開機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3284 +#: book.translate.xml:3307 msgid "" "Installation files are available in several formats. The formats vary " "depending on computer architecture and media type." @@ -3956,7 +3949,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#bsdinstall-installation-media-uefi -#: book.translate.xml:3288 +#: book.translate.xml:3311 msgid "" "Additional installation files are included for computers that boot with " "UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface). The names " @@ -3967,12 +3960,12 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3294 +#: book.translate.xml:3317 msgid "File types:" msgstr "檔案類型：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3298 +#: book.translate.xml:3321 msgid "" "-bootonly.iso: This is the smallest installation file as " "it only contains the installer. A working Internet connection is required " @@ -3985,7 +3978,7 @@ "CD 燒錄應用程式燒錄到 CD 使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3308 +#: book.translate.xml:3331 msgid "" "-disc1.iso: This file contains all of the files needed to " "install FreeBSD, its source, and the Ports Collection. It should be burned " @@ -3996,7 +3989,7 @@ "到 CD 使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3316 +#: book.translate.xml:3339 msgid "" "-dvd1.iso: This file contains all of the files needed to " "install FreeBSD, its source, and the Ports Collection. It also contains a " @@ -4011,7 +4004,7 @@ "DVD 燒錄應用程式燒錄到 DVD 使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3327 +#: book.translate.xml:3350 msgid "" "-memstick.img: This file contains all of the files needed " "to install FreeBSD, its source, and the Ports Collection. It should be " @@ -4022,7 +4015,7 @@ "acronym> 隨身碟使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3335 +#: book.translate.xml:3358 msgid "" "-mini-memstick.img: Like -bootonly.iso, does not include installation files, but downloads them as needed. " @@ -4036,7 +4029,7 @@ "碟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3344 +#: book.translate.xml:3367 msgid "" "After downloading the image file, download CHECKSUM.SHA256 from the same directory. Calculate a checksumCHECKSUM." "SHA256. The checksums must match exactly. If the checksums do not " @@ -4063,12 +4056,12 @@ "應該要完全相符，若校驗碼不相符，則代表該映像檔是損壞的，必須再下載一次。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:3358 +#: book.translate.xml:3381 msgid "Writing an Image File to USB" msgstr "寫入映象檔到 USB" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:3360 +#: book.translate.xml:3383 msgid "" "The *.img file is an image of the " "complete contents of a memory stick. It cannot be " @@ -4082,7 +4075,7 @@ "隨身碟，本節會介紹其中兩種。" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:3369 +#: book.translate.xml:3392 msgid "" "Before proceeding, back up any important data on the USB " "stick. This procedure will erase the existing data on the stick." @@ -4091,12 +4084,12 @@ "身碟上既有的資料。" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3375 +#: book.translate.xml:3398 msgid "Using dd to Write the Image" msgstr "使用 dd 來寫入映像檔" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3379 +#: book.translate.xml:3402 msgid "" "This example uses /dev/da0 as the target device where " "the image will be written. Be very careful that the " @@ -4108,7 +4101,7 @@ "毀所有在指定目標裝置上已存在的資料。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3387 +#: book.translate.xml:3410 msgid "" "The dd1 command-line utility is available on BSD, USB 裝置。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3398 +#: book.translate.xml:3421 #, no-wrap msgid "# dd if=FreeBSD-10.2-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img of=/dev/da0 bs=1M conv=sync" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3400 +#: book.translate.xml:3423 msgid "" "If this command fails, verify that the USB stick is not " "mounted and that the device name is for the disk, not a partition. Some " @@ -4155,13 +4148,13 @@ "citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3411 +#: book.translate.xml:3434 msgid "" "Using Windows to Write the Image" msgstr "使用 Windows 來寫入映象檔" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3414 +#: book.translate.xml:3437 msgid "" "Be sure to give the correct drive letter as the existing data on the " "specified drive will be overwritten and destroyed." @@ -4169,7 +4162,7 @@ "務必確認指定的磁碟機代號正確，因在指定磁碟機上的既有資料將會被覆蓋與摧毀。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3420 +#: book.translate.xml:3443 msgid "" "Obtaining Image Writer for Windows" @@ -4178,7 +4171,7 @@ "trademark> 版" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3423 +#: book.translate.xml:3446 msgid "" "Image Writer for Windows is a free application that can correctly write an " @@ -4193,12 +4186,12 @@ "個資料夾。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:3431 +#: book.translate.xml:3454 msgid "Writing the Image with Image Writer" msgstr "用 Image Writer 寫入映象檔" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:3433 +#: book.translate.xml:3456 msgid "" "Double-click the Win32DiskImager icon to start " "the program. Verify that the drive letter shown under " @@ -4217,24 +4210,24 @@ "入隨身碟。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:3448 +#: book.translate.xml:3471 msgid "You are now ready to start installing FreeBSD." msgstr "您現在可以開始安裝 FreeBSD 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:3454 +#: book.translate.xml:3477 msgid "Starting the Installation" msgstr "開始安裝" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:3457 +#: book.translate.xml:3480 msgid "" "By default, the installation will not make any changes to the disk(s) before " "the following message:" msgstr "預設安裝程序在下列訊息顯示之前不會對磁碟做任何更動：" #. (itstool) path: important/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:3460 +#: book.translate.xml:3483 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Your changes will now be written to disk. If you\n" @@ -4244,7 +4237,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:3465 +#: book.translate.xml:3488 msgid "" "The install can be exited at any time prior to this warning. If there is a " "concern that something is incorrectly configured, just turn the computer off " @@ -4254,7 +4247,7 @@ "腦，將不會對系統磁碟做任何更改。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3472 +#: book.translate.xml:3495 msgid "" "This section describes how to boot the system from the installation media " "which was prepared using the instructions in i386 and amd64" msgstr "在 i386 及 amd64 開機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3485 +#: book.translate.xml:3508 msgid "" "These architectures provide a BIOS menu for selecting the " "boot device. Depending upon the installation media being used, select the " @@ -4294,14 +4287,14 @@ "Escape 其中之一。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3496 +#: book.translate.xml:3519 msgid "" "If the computer loads the existing operating system instead of the FreeBSD " "installer, then either:" msgstr "若電腦仍載入了現有的作業系統，而不是 FreeBSD 安裝程式，原因可能為：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3501 +#: book.translate.xml:3524 msgid "" "The installation media was not inserted early enough in the boot process. " "Leave the media inserted and try restarting the computer." @@ -4310,7 +4303,7 @@ "電腦。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3507 +#: book.translate.xml:3530 msgid "" "The BIOS changes were incorrect or not saved. Double-" "check that the right boot device is selected as the first boot device." @@ -4319,7 +4312,7 @@ "確的裝置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3513 +#: book.translate.xml:3536 msgid "" "This system is too old to support booting from the chosen media. In this " "case, the Plop Boot Manager () 來從選擇的開機媒體開機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3523 +#: book.translate.xml:3546 msgid "Booting on PowerPC" msgstr "在 PowerPC 開機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3525 +#: book.translate.xml:3548 msgid "" "On most machines, holding C on the keyboard during boot " "will boot from the CD. Otherwise, hold 提示時，輸入" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3541 +#: book.translate.xml:3564 #, no-wrap msgid "boot cd:,\\ppc\\loader cd:0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3545 +#: book.translate.xml:3568 msgid "Booting on SPARC64" msgstr "在 SPARC64 開機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3547 +#: book.translate.xml:3570 msgid "" "Most SPARC64 systems are set up " "to boot automatically from disk. To install FreeBSD from a CD。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3551 +#: book.translate.xml:3574 msgid "" "To do this, reboot the system and wait until the boot message appears. The " "message depends on the model, but should look something like this:" @@ -4386,7 +4379,7 @@ "機型而有所不同，但大致結果會如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:3555 +#: book.translate.xml:3578 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present\n" @@ -4396,7 +4389,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3560 +#: book.translate.xml:3583 msgid "" "If the system proceeds to boot from disk at this point, press L1A or " @@ -4419,7 +4412,7 @@ "prompt>，其中的數字代表啟動的 CPU 數。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3572 +#: book.translate.xml:3595 msgid "" "At this point, place the CD into the drive and type " "boot cdrom from the PROM prompt." @@ -4428,19 +4421,19 @@ "畫面輸入 boot cdrom。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3578 +#: book.translate.xml:3601 msgid "FreeBSD Boot Menu" msgstr "FreeBSD 開機選單" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3580 +#: book.translate.xml:3603 msgid "" "Once the system boots from the installation media, a menu similar to the " "following will be displayed:" msgstr "從安裝媒體開機之後，會顯示如下的選單：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3584 +#: book.translate.xml:3607 msgid "FreeBSD Boot Loader Menu" msgstr "FreeBSD 開機載入程式選單" @@ -4449,14 +4442,14 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3588 +#: book.translate.xml:3611 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-newboot-loader-menu' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3593 +#: book.translate.xml:3616 msgid "" "By default, the menu will wait ten seconds for user input before booting " "into the FreeBSD installer or, if FreeBSD is already installed, before " @@ -4470,7 +4463,7 @@ "以下選項可選。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3603 +#: book.translate.xml:3626 msgid "" "Boot Multi User: This will continue the FreeBSD boot " "process. If the boot timer has been paused, press 1, upper- " @@ -4481,7 +4474,7 @@ "B 或 Enter 鍵。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3611 +#: book.translate.xml:3634 msgid "" "Boot Single User: This mode can be used to fix an " "existing FreeBSD installation as described in 、大寫或小寫 S 進入這個模式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3619 +#: book.translate.xml:3642 msgid "" "Escape to loader prompt: This will boot the system into a " "repair prompt that contains a limited number of low-level commands. This " @@ -4506,12 +4499,12 @@ "入這個提示。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3628 +#: book.translate.xml:3651 msgid "Reboot: Reboots the system." msgstr "重新開機 (Reboot)：重新開啟系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3632 +#: book.translate.xml:3655 msgid "" "Configure Boot Options: Opens the menu shown in, and " "described under, ." @@ -4520,7 +4513,7 @@ "說明於 。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3638 +#: book.translate.xml:3661 msgid "FreeBSD Boot Options Menu" msgstr "FreeBSD 開機選項選單" @@ -4529,13 +4522,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3642 +#: book.translate.xml:3665 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-boot-options-menu' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3647 +#: book.translate.xml:3670 msgid "" "The boot options menu is divided into two sections. The first section can be " "used to either return to the main boot menu or to reset any toggled options " @@ -4545,7 +4538,7 @@ "回預設值。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3652 +#: book.translate.xml:3675 msgid "" "The next section is used to toggle the available options to On or Off by pressing the option's highlighted " @@ -4558,7 +4551,7 @@ "到選項被修改。有數個選項可以在這個選單做切換：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3661 +#: book.translate.xml:3684 msgid "" "ACPI Support: If the system hangs during boot, try " "toggling this option to Off." @@ -4567,7 +4560,7 @@ "個選項為關 (Off)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3667 +#: book.translate.xml:3690 msgid "" "Safe Mode: If the system still hangs during boot even " "with ACPI Support set to Off, try " @@ -4578,7 +4571,7 @@ "將此選項設為開 (On)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3674 +#: book.translate.xml:3697 msgid "" "Single User: Toggle this option to On " "to fix an existing FreeBSD installation as described in Off)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3682 +#: book.translate.xml:3705 msgid "" "Verbose: Toggle this option to On to " "see more detailed messages during the boot process. This can be useful when " @@ -4600,7 +4593,7 @@ "literal>) 來查看開機程序中更詳細的訊息，這在診斷硬體問題時非常有用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3689 +#: book.translate.xml:3712 msgid "" "After making the needed selections, press 1 or " "Backspace to return to the main boot menu, then press " @@ -4615,7 +4608,7 @@ "選單如 。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3698 +#: book.translate.xml:3721 msgid "Welcome Menu" msgstr "歡迎選單" @@ -4624,13 +4617,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3702 +#: book.translate.xml:3725 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-choose-mode' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3707 +#: book.translate.xml:3730 msgid "" "Press Enter to select the default of " "[ Install ] to enter the installer. The rest of this " @@ -4650,7 +4643,7 @@ "本的詳細說明於 。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:3720 +#: book.translate.xml:3743 msgid "" "To review the boot messages, including the hardware device probe, press the " "upper- or lower-case S and then Enter to " @@ -4664,12 +4657,12 @@ "exit 返回歡迎選單。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:3733 +#: book.translate.xml:3756 msgid "Using bsdinstall" msgstr "使用 bsdinstall" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3735 +#: book.translate.xml:3758 msgid "" "This section shows the order of the bsdinstall " "menus and the type of information that will be asked before the system is " @@ -4684,12 +4677,12 @@ "選項然後進入下一個畫面。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3744 +#: book.translate.xml:3767 msgid "Selecting the Keymap Menu" msgstr "選擇鍵盤對應表選單" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3746 +#: book.translate.xml:3769 msgid "" "Depending on the system console being used, bsdinstall may initially display the menu shown in 。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3751 +#: book.translate.xml:3774 msgid "Keymap Selection" msgstr "鍵盤對應表選擇" @@ -4708,14 +4701,14 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3755 +#: book.translate.xml:3778 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-keymap-select-default' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3760 +#: book.translate.xml:3783 msgid "" "To configure the keyboard layout, press Enter with " "[ YES ] selected, which will display the menu shown " @@ -4729,7 +4722,7 @@ "Enter 跳過這個選單畫面。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3769 +#: book.translate.xml:3792 msgid "Selecting Keyboard Menu" msgstr "選擇鍵盤選單" @@ -4738,13 +4731,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3773 +#: book.translate.xml:3796 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-keymap' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3778 +#: book.translate.xml:3801 msgid "" "When configuring the keyboard layout, use the up and down arrows to select " "the keymap that most closely represents the mapping of the keyboard attached " @@ -4754,7 +4747,7 @@ "(Keymap)，然後按下 Enter 儲存選項。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:3784 +#: book.translate.xml:3807 msgid "" "Pressing Esc will exit this menu and use the default " "keymap. If the choice of keymap is not clear, United States of " @@ -4765,7 +4758,7 @@ "guimenuitem> 是也是保險的選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3790 +#: book.translate.xml:3813 msgid "" "In FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE and later, this menu has been enhanced. The full " "selection of keymaps is shown, with the default preselected. In addition, " @@ -4777,7 +4770,7 @@ "對話框讓使用者測試鍵盤對應表來確認。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3797 +#: book.translate.xml:3820 msgid "Enhanced Keymap Menu" msgstr "改進後的鍵盤對應表選單" @@ -4786,19 +4779,19 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3801 +#: book.translate.xml:3824 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-keymap-10' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3809 book.translate.xml:3816 +#: book.translate.xml:3832 book.translate.xml:3839 msgid "Setting the Hostname" msgstr "設定主機名稱" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3811 +#: book.translate.xml:3834 msgid "" "The next bsdinstall menu is used to set the " "hostname for the newly installed system." @@ -4811,13 +4804,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3820 +#: book.translate.xml:3843 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-hostname' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3825 +#: book.translate.xml:3848 msgid "" "Type in a hostname that is unique for the network. It should be a fully-" "qualified hostname, such as machine3." @@ -4828,12 +4821,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3830 book.translate.xml:3836 +#: book.translate.xml:3853 book.translate.xml:3859 msgid "Selecting Components to Install" msgstr "選擇要安裝的元件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3832 +#: book.translate.xml:3855 msgid "" "Next, bsdinstall will prompt to select optional " "components to install." @@ -4845,13 +4838,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3840 +#: book.translate.xml:3863 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-components' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3845 +#: book.translate.xml:3868 msgid "" "Deciding which components to install will depend largely on the intended use " "of the system and the amount of disk space available. The FreeBSD kernel and " @@ -4864,7 +4857,7 @@ "必須安裝的部份。依據系統的架構，部份元件可能不會顯示：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3854 +#: book.translate.xml:3877 msgid "" "doc - Additional documentation, mostly of historical " "interest, to install into /usr/share/doc. The " @@ -4878,7 +4871,7 @@ "操作。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3862 +#: book.translate.xml:3885 msgid "" "games - Several traditional BSD games, " "including fortune, rot13lib32 - Compatibility libraries for running 32-bit " "applications on a 64-bit version of FreeBSD." @@ -4898,7 +4891,7 @@ "用的相容性程式庫。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3875 +#: book.translate.xml:3898 msgid "" "ports - The FreeBSD Ports Collection is a collection of " "files which automates the downloading, compiling and installation of third-" @@ -4909,7 +4902,7 @@ "方軟體套件的集合， 中會討論到如何使用 Port 套件集。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:3882 +#: book.translate.xml:3905 msgid "" "The installation program does not check for adequate disk space. Select this " "option only if sufficient hard disk space is available. The FreeBSD Ports " @@ -4919,7 +4912,7 @@ "磁碟空間，只有在有足夠的磁碟空間時才選擇這個選項。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:3891 +#: book.translate.xml:3914 msgid "" "src - The complete FreeBSD source code for both the " "kernel and the userland. Although not required for the majority of " @@ -4936,12 +4929,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3904 book.translate.xml:3915 +#: book.translate.xml:3927 book.translate.xml:3938 msgid "Installing from the Network" msgstr "從網路安裝" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3906 +#: book.translate.xml:3929 msgid "" "The menu shown in only " "appears when installing from a -bootonly.iso " @@ -4960,13 +4953,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3919 +#: book.translate.xml:3942 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-netinstall-files' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3924 +#: book.translate.xml:3947 msgid "" "To configure the network connection, press Enter and follow " "the instructions in . Once " @@ -4981,7 +4974,7 @@ "載的速度會比較快，這會減少安裝的時間。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3933 +#: book.translate.xml:3956 msgid "Choosing a Mirror" msgstr "選擇鏡像站" @@ -4990,26 +4983,26 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3937 +#: book.translate.xml:3960 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-netinstall-mirrorselect' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:3942 +#: book.translate.xml:3965 msgid "" "Installation will then continue as if the installation files were located on " "the local installation media." msgstr "若在本機的安裝媒體中找到安裝檔案，安裝程序便會繼續。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:3948 +#: book.translate.xml:3971 msgid "Allocating Disk Space" msgstr "配置磁碟空間" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3950 +#: book.translate.xml:3973 msgid "" "The next menu is used to determine the method for allocating disk space. The " "options available in the menu depend upon the version of FreeBSD being " @@ -5019,7 +5012,7 @@ "本而有所不同。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3955 +#: book.translate.xml:3978 msgid "Partitioning Choices on FreeBSD 9.x" msgstr "FreeBSD 9.x 的磁碟分割選項" @@ -5028,14 +5021,14 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3959 +#: book.translate.xml:3982 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-guided-manual' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:3965 +#: book.translate.xml:3988 msgid "Partitioning Choices on FreeBSD 10.x and Higher" msgstr "FreeBSD 10.x 或更新版本的磁碟分割選項" @@ -5044,13 +5037,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:3969 +#: book.translate.xml:3992 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-partmenu' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3974 +#: book.translate.xml:3997 msgid "" "Guided partitioning automatically sets up the disk " "partitions, Manual partitioning allows advanced users to " @@ -5078,7 +5071,7 @@ "firstterm>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:3985 +#: book.translate.xml:4008 msgid "" "This section describes what to consider when laying out the disk partitions. " "It then demonstrates how to use the different partitioning methods." @@ -5086,32 +5079,32 @@ "本節會介紹在配置磁碟分割時需要考量那些事情，並且會示範各種磁碟分割的方式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:3990 +#: book.translate.xml:4013 msgid "Designing the Partition Layout" msgstr "規劃分割區配置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:3992 +#: book.translate.xml:4015 msgid "partition layout" msgstr "分割區配置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:3993 +#: book.translate.xml:4016 msgid "/etc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:3996 +#: book.translate.xml:4019 msgid "/var" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:3999 +#: book.translate.xml:4022 msgid "/usr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4003 +#: book.translate.xml:4026 msgid "" "When laying out file systems, remember that hard drives transfer data faster " "from the outer tracks to the inner. Thus, smaller and heavier-accessed file " @@ -5127,7 +5120,7 @@ "/var 然後 /usr。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4013 +#: book.translate.xml:4036 msgid "" "The size of the /var partition reflects the intended " "machine's usage. This partition is used to hold mailboxes, log files, and " @@ -5142,7 +5135,7 @@ "/var 需要超過 1 GB 的可用磁碟空間。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:4023 +#: book.translate.xml:4046 msgid "" "Sometimes, a lot of disk space is required in /var/tmp. " "When new software is installed, the packaging tools extract a temporary copy " @@ -5159,7 +5152,7 @@ "application> 或 LibreOffice 會很困難。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4034 +#: book.translate.xml:4057 msgid "" "The /usr partition holds many of the files which " "support the system, including the FreeBSD Ports Collection and system source " @@ -5169,7 +5162,7 @@ "Port 套件集以及系統原始碼，這個分割區建議至少要有 2 GB 的空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4039 +#: book.translate.xml:4062 msgid "" "When selecting partition sizes, keep the space requirements in mind. Running " "out of space in one partition while barely using another can be a hassle." @@ -5178,17 +5171,17 @@ "區時會很麻煩。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:4043 +#: book.translate.xml:4066 msgid "swap sizing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:4046 +#: book.translate.xml:4069 msgid "swap partition" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4050 +#: book.translate.xml:4073 msgid "" "As a rule of thumb, the swap partition should be about double the size of " "physical memory (RAM). Systems with minimal RAMSCSI disks or multiple " "IDE disks operating on different controllers, it is " @@ -5222,7 +5215,7 @@ "換空間，這也會讓要從失控的程式恢復運作更容易，而不需強制重新啟動系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4071 +#: book.translate.xml:4094 msgid "" "By properly partitioning a system, fragmentation introduced in the smaller " "write heavy partitions will not bleed over into the mostly read partitions. " @@ -5240,12 +5233,12 @@ "顯著。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4084 +#: book.translate.xml:4107 msgid "Guided Partitioning" msgstr "引導式磁碟分割" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4086 +#: book.translate.xml:4109 msgid "" "When this method is selected, a menu will display the available disk(s). If " "multiple disks are connected, choose the one where FreeBSD is to be " @@ -5255,7 +5248,7 @@ "個來安裝 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4091 +#: book.translate.xml:4114 msgid "Selecting from Multiple Disks" msgstr "自多個磁碟選擇" @@ -5264,13 +5257,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4095 +#: book.translate.xml:4118 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-guided-disk' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4100 +#: book.translate.xml:4123 msgid "" "Once the disk is selected, the next menu prompts to install to either the " "entire disk or to create a partition using free space. If " @@ -5285,7 +5278,7 @@ "未使用的空間來建立分割區配置。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4110 +#: book.translate.xml:4133 msgid "Selecting Entire Disk or Partition" msgstr "選擇完整磁碟或分割區" @@ -5294,13 +5287,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4114 +#: book.translate.xml:4137 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-entire-part' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4119 +#: book.translate.xml:4142 msgid "" "After the partition layout has been created, review it to ensure it meets " "the needs of the installation. Selecting [ Revert ] " @@ -5317,7 +5310,7 @@ "[ Finish ] 繼續安裝。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4130 +#: book.translate.xml:4153 msgid "Review Created Partitions" msgstr "確認已建立的分割區" @@ -5326,23 +5319,23 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4134 +#: book.translate.xml:4157 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-review' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4141 +#: book.translate.xml:4164 msgid "Manual Partitioning" msgstr "手動磁碟分割" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4143 +#: book.translate.xml:4166 msgid "Selecting this method opens the partition editor:" msgstr "選擇這個方法會開啟分割區編輯程式：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4146 book.translate.xml:4161 book.translate.xml:4232 +#: book.translate.xml:4169 book.translate.xml:4184 book.translate.xml:4255 msgid "Manually Create Partitions" msgstr "手動建立分割區" @@ -5351,14 +5344,14 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4150 +#: book.translate.xml:4173 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-manual-create' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4155 +#: book.translate.xml:4178 msgid "" "Highlight the installation drive (ada0 in this example) " "and select [ Create ] to display a menu of available " @@ -5373,14 +5366,14 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4165 +#: book.translate.xml:4188 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-manual-partscheme' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4170 +#: book.translate.xml:4193 msgid "" "GPT is usually the most appropriate choice for amd64 " "computers. Older computers that are not compatible with GPTPowerPC." @@ -5430,12 +5423,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm #. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym -#: book.translate.xml:4194 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:4217 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "BSD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4195 +#: book.translate.xml:4218 msgid "" "BSD label without an MBR, sometimes " "called dangerously dedicated mode as non-" @@ -5446,12 +5439,12 @@ "(Dangerously dedicated mode)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4203 +#: book.translate.xml:4226 msgid "GPT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4204 +#: book.translate.xml:4227 msgid "" "GUID Partition Table (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4208 +#: book.translate.xml:4231 msgid "MBR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4209 +#: book.translate.xml:4232 msgid "" "Master Boot Record (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record)." @@ -5477,12 +5470,12 @@ "link>)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4213 +#: book.translate.xml:4236 msgid "PC98" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4214 +#: book.translate.xml:4237 msgid "" "MBR variant used by NEC PC-98 computers (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pc9801)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4219 +#: book.translate.xml:4242 msgid "VTOC8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4220 +#: book.translate.xml:4243 msgid "Volume Table Of Contents used by Sun SPARC64 and UltraSPARC computers." msgstr "Volume Table Of Contents，用於 Sun SPARC64 及 UltraSPARC 電腦。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4227 +#: book.translate.xml:4250 msgid "" "After the partitioning scheme has been selected and created, select " "[ Create ] again to create the partitions." @@ -5516,26 +5509,26 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4236 +#: book.translate.xml:4259 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-part-manual-addpart' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4241 +#: book.translate.xml:4264 msgid "" "A standard FreeBSD GPT installation uses at least three " "partitions:" msgstr "標準的 FreeBSD GPT 安裝會使用至少三種分割區：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4246 +#: book.translate.xml:4269 msgid "freebsd-boot - Holds the FreeBSD boot code." msgstr "freebsd-boot - 儲存 FreeBSD 開機程式 (Boot code)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4251 +#: book.translate.xml:4274 msgid "" "freebsd-ufs - A FreeBSD UFS file " "system." @@ -5543,12 +5536,12 @@ "freebsd-ufs - FreeBSD 的 UFS 檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4256 +#: book.translate.xml:4279 msgid "freebsd-swap - FreeBSD swap space." msgstr "freebsd-swap - FreeBSD 交換空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4261 +#: book.translate.xml:4284 msgid "" "Another partition type worth noting is freebsd-zfs, used " "for partitions that will contain a FreeBSD ZFS file " @@ -5563,7 +5556,7 @@ "citerefentry> 取得可用的 GPT 分割區類型說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4267 +#: book.translate.xml:4290 msgid "" "Multiple file system partitions can be created and some people prefer a " "traditional layout with separate partitions for /, " @@ -5577,7 +5570,7 @@ "\"bsdinstall-part-manual-splitfs\"/> 的範例。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4274 +#: book.translate.xml:4297 msgid "" "The Size may be entered with common abbreviations: " "K for kilobytes, M for megabytes, " @@ -5588,7 +5581,7 @@ "表 GB。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:4280 +#: book.translate.xml:4303 msgid "" "Proper sector alignment provides the best performance, and making partition " "sizes even multiples of 4K bytes helps to ensure alignment on drives with " @@ -5605,7 +5598,7 @@ "(Boot code) 的限制，不可大於 512K。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4291 +#: book.translate.xml:4314 msgid "" "A Mountpoint is needed if the partition will contain a " "file system. If only a single UFS partition will be " @@ -5616,7 +5609,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4296 +#: book.translate.xml:4319 msgid "" "The Label is a name by which the partition will be known. " "Drive names or numbers can change if the drive is connected to a different " @@ -5636,7 +5629,7 @@ "且標籤會在 /dev/ 中有各自的目錄。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:4309 +#: book.translate.xml:4332 msgid "" "Use a unique label on every partition to avoid conflicts from identical " "labels. A few letters from the computer's name, use, or location can be " @@ -5650,12 +5643,12 @@ "UFS 根目錄分割區。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:4319 +#: book.translate.xml:4342 msgid "Creating Traditional Split File System Partitions" msgstr "建立傳統分割的檔案系統分割區" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:4322 +#: book.translate.xml:4345 msgid "" "For a traditional partition layout where the /, " "/var, /tmp, and /usrgptboot expects the first " "UFS partition to be the / partition." @@ -5685,113 +5678,113 @@ "acronym> 分割區為 / 分割區。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4343 +#: book.translate.xml:4366 msgid "Partition Type" msgstr "分割區類型" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4344 +#: book.translate.xml:4367 msgid "Size" msgstr "大小" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4345 +#: book.translate.xml:4368 msgid "Mountpoint" msgstr "掛載點" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4346 +#: book.translate.xml:4369 msgid "Label" msgstr "標籤" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4352 +#: book.translate.xml:4375 msgid "freebsd-boot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4353 +#: book.translate.xml:4376 msgid "512K" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4357 book.translate.xml:4371 book.translate.xml:4378 -#: book.translate.xml:4385 +#: book.translate.xml:4380 book.translate.xml:4394 book.translate.xml:4401 +#: book.translate.xml:4408 msgid "freebsd-ufs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4358 book.translate.xml:4372 +#: book.translate.xml:4381 book.translate.xml:4395 msgid "2G" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4359 book.translate.xml:7146 +#: book.translate.xml:4382 book.translate.xml:7169 msgid "/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4360 +#: book.translate.xml:4383 msgid "exrootfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4364 +#: book.translate.xml:4387 msgid "freebsd-swap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4365 +#: book.translate.xml:4388 msgid "4G" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4367 +#: book.translate.xml:4390 msgid "exswap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4373 +#: book.translate.xml:4396 msgid "/var" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4374 +#: book.translate.xml:4397 msgid "exvarfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4379 +#: book.translate.xml:4402 msgid "1G" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4380 +#: book.translate.xml:4403 msgid "/tmp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4381 +#: book.translate.xml:4404 msgid "extmpfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4386 +#: book.translate.xml:4409 msgid "accept the default (remainder of the disk)" msgstr "接受預設值 (依磁碟提示)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4388 +#: book.translate.xml:4411 msgid "/usr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:4389 +#: book.translate.xml:4412 msgid "exusrfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4396 +#: book.translate.xml:4419 msgid "" "After the custom partitions have been created, select [ Finish ] to continue with the installation." @@ -5799,12 +5792,12 @@ "自訂的分割區建立完後，選擇 [ Finish ] 繼續安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4402 +#: book.translate.xml:4425 msgid "Root-on-ZFS Automatic Partitioning" msgstr "Root-on-ZFS 自動磁碟分割" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4404 +#: book.translate.xml:4427 msgid "" "Support for automatic creation of root-on-ZFS installations was added in " "FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE. This partitioning mode only works with whole disks and " @@ -5833,7 +5826,7 @@ "存池使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4423 +#: book.translate.xml:4446 msgid "" "The main ZFS configuration menu offers a number of " "options to control the creation of the pool." @@ -5841,7 +5834,7 @@ "主要 ZFS 設定選單提供了數個設定選項來控制儲存池的建立。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4428 +#: book.translate.xml:4451 msgid "ZFS Partitioning Menu" msgstr "ZFS 磁碟分割選單" @@ -5850,13 +5843,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4432 +#: book.translate.xml:4455 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-menu' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4437 +#: book.translate.xml:4460 msgid "" "Select T to configure the Pool Type and " "the disk(s) that will constitute the pool. The automatic ZFSZFS Pool Type" msgstr "ZFS 儲存池類型" @@ -5890,13 +5883,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4458 +#: book.translate.xml:4481 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-vdev_type' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4463 +#: book.translate.xml:4486 msgid "" "Once a Pool Type has been selected, a list of available " "disks is displayed, and the user is prompted to select one or more disks to " @@ -5911,7 +5904,7 @@ "返回磁碟清單或取消 (<Cancel>) 來更改儲存池類型。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4473 +#: book.translate.xml:4496 msgid "Disk Selection" msgstr "磁碟選擇" @@ -5920,13 +5913,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4477 +#: book.translate.xml:4500 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-disk_select' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4483 +#: book.translate.xml:4506 msgid "Invalid Selection" msgstr "無效的選擇" @@ -5935,13 +5928,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4487 +#: book.translate.xml:4510 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-vdev_invalid' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4492 +#: book.translate.xml:4515 msgid "" "If one or more disks are missing from the list, or if disks were attached " "after the installer was started, select - Rescan DevicesZFS configuration menu also allows the user to " "enter a pool name, disable forcing 4k sectors, enable or disable encryption, " @@ -5986,7 +5979,7 @@ "單上方的安裝 (>>> Install) 選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4522 +#: book.translate.xml:4545 msgid "" "If GELI disk encryption was enabled, the installer will " "prompt twice for the passphrase to be used to encrypt the disks." @@ -5995,7 +5988,7 @@ "的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4527 +#: book.translate.xml:4550 msgid "Disk Encryption Password" msgstr "磁碟加密密碼" @@ -6004,13 +5997,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4531 +#: book.translate.xml:4554 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-geli_password' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4536 +#: book.translate.xml:4559 msgid "" "The installer then offers a last chance to cancel before the contents of the " "selected drives are destroyed to create the ZFS pool." @@ -6019,7 +6012,7 @@ "ZFS 儲存池的磁碟機。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4541 +#: book.translate.xml:4564 msgid "Last Chance" msgstr "最後修改" @@ -6028,23 +6021,23 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4545 +#: book.translate.xml:4568 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-zfs-warning' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4550 +#: book.translate.xml:4573 msgid "The installation then proceeds normally." msgstr "然後安裝程序會正常繼續。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4555 +#: book.translate.xml:4578 msgid "Shell Mode Partitioning" msgstr "Shell 模式磁碟分割" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4557 +#: book.translate.xml:4580 msgid "" "When creating advanced installations, the bsdinstall partitioning menus may not provide the level of flexibility " @@ -6063,12 +6056,12 @@ "bsdinstall 繼續安裝程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:4572 +#: book.translate.xml:4595 msgid "Committing to the Installation" msgstr "確認安裝" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4574 +#: book.translate.xml:4597 msgid "" "Once the disks are configured, the next menu provides the last chance to " "make changes before the selected hard drive(s) are formatted. If changes " @@ -6082,7 +6075,7 @@ "何變更。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4584 +#: book.translate.xml:4607 msgid "Final Confirmation" msgstr "最後確認" @@ -6091,14 +6084,14 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4588 +#: book.translate.xml:4611 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-final-confirmation' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4593 +#: book.translate.xml:4616 msgid "" "To instead start the actual installation, select [ Commit ] and press Enter." @@ -6107,7 +6100,7 @@ "Enter。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4597 +#: book.translate.xml:4620 msgid "" "Installation time will vary depending on the distributions chosen, " "installation media, and speed of the computer. A series of messages will " @@ -6117,7 +6110,7 @@ "訊息會告知目前的進度。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4601 +#: book.translate.xml:4624 msgid "" "First, the installer formats the selected disk(s) and initializes the " "partitions. Next, in the case of a bootonly media, it downloads the selected " @@ -6127,7 +6120,7 @@ "(Boot only) 的媒體則會開始下載選擇的元件：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4606 +#: book.translate.xml:4629 msgid "Fetching Distribution Files" msgstr "取得發行版檔案" @@ -6136,13 +6129,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4610 +#: book.translate.xml:4633 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-distfile-fetching' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4615 +#: book.translate.xml:4638 msgid "" "Next, the integrity of the distribution files is verified to ensure they " "have not been corrupted during download or misread from the installation " @@ -6152,7 +6145,7 @@ "取錯誤造成的損壞：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4620 +#: book.translate.xml:4643 msgid "Verifying Distribution Files" msgstr "檢驗發行版檔案" @@ -6161,19 +6154,19 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4624 +#: book.translate.xml:4647 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-distfile-verifying' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4629 +#: book.translate.xml:4652 msgid "Finally, the verified distribution files are extracted to the disk:" msgstr "最後，檢驗過的發行版檔案會被取出儲存至磁碟：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4633 +#: book.translate.xml:4656 msgid "Extracting Distribution Files" msgstr "解開發行版檔案" @@ -6182,14 +6175,14 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4637 +#: book.translate.xml:4660 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-distfile-extracting' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4642 +#: book.translate.xml:4665 msgid "" "Once all requested distribution files have been extracted, " "bsdinstall displays the first post-installation " @@ -6200,12 +6193,12 @@ "次安裝後設定畫面，可用的安裝後設定選項會在下一節說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:4650 +#: book.translate.xml:4673 msgid "Post-Installation" msgstr "安裝後注意事項" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:4652 +#: book.translate.xml:4675 msgid "" "Once FreeBSD is installed, bsdinstall will prompt " "to configure several options before booting into the newly installed system. " @@ -6215,7 +6208,7 @@ "的系統之前提示設定數個選項，本節將介紹這些設定選項。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:4658 +#: book.translate.xml:4681 msgid "" "Once the system has booted, bsdconfig provides a menu-" "driven method for configuring the system using these and additional options." @@ -6225,12 +6218,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4665 book.translate.xml:4676 +#: book.translate.xml:4688 book.translate.xml:4699 msgid "Setting the root Password" msgstr "設定 root 密碼" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4669 +#: book.translate.xml:4692 msgid "" "First, the root password must be " "set. While entering the password, the characters being typed are not " @@ -6246,25 +6239,25 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4680 +#: book.translate.xml:4703 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-post-root-passwd' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4687 +#: book.translate.xml:4710 msgid "Configuring Network Interfaces" msgstr "設定網路介面卡" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4689 +#: book.translate.xml:4712 msgid "" "Next, a list of the network interfaces found on the computer is shown. " "Select the interface to configure." msgstr "接著，會顯示在電腦上找到的網路介面卡清單。請選擇要設定的介面卡。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:4693 +#: book.translate.xml:4716 msgid "" "The network configuration menus will be skipped if the network was " "previously configured as part of a bootonly " @@ -6274,7 +6267,7 @@ "網路設定選單。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4699 +#: book.translate.xml:4722 msgid "Choose a Network Interface" msgstr "選擇網路介面卡" @@ -6283,7 +6276,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4703 +#: book.translate.xml:4726 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface' " @@ -6291,7 +6284,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4708 +#: book.translate.xml:4731 msgid "" "If an Ethernet interface is selected, the installer will skip ahead to the " "menu shown in . If a " @@ -6303,7 +6296,7 @@ "描無線存取點 (Wireless Access Point)：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4714 +#: book.translate.xml:4737 msgid "Scanning for Wireless Access Points" msgstr "掃描無線網路存取點" @@ -6312,14 +6305,14 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4718 +#: book.translate.xml:4741 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-wireless-scan' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4723 +#: book.translate.xml:4746 msgid "" "Wireless networks are identified by a Service Set Identifier (SSID), a short, unique name given to each network. SSIDsWPA2 encryption is strongly recommended " @@ -6370,7 +6363,7 @@ "(PSK)。考量安全性，輸入到輸入框的字元會以星號顯示。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4754 +#: book.translate.xml:4777 msgid "WPA2 Setup" msgstr "WPA2 設定" @@ -6379,7 +6372,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4758 +#: book.translate.xml:4781 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-wireless-wpa2setup' " @@ -6387,7 +6380,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4763 +#: book.translate.xml:4786 msgid "" "Next, choose whether or not an IPv4 address should be " "configured on the Ethernet or wireless interface:" @@ -6396,7 +6389,7 @@ "址：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4768 +#: book.translate.xml:4791 msgid "Choose IPv4 Networking" msgstr "選擇 IPv4 網路" @@ -6405,7 +6398,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4772 +#: book.translate.xml:4795 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv4' " @@ -6413,7 +6406,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4777 +#: book.translate.xml:4800 msgid "" "There are two methods of IPv4 configuration. " "DHCP will automatically configure the network interface " @@ -6426,7 +6419,7 @@ "手動輸入位址的資訊來做靜態設定。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:4785 +#: book.translate.xml:4808 msgid "" "Do not enter random network information as it will not work. If a " "DHCP server is not available, obtain the information " @@ -6438,7 +6431,7 @@ "列於 的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4792 +#: book.translate.xml:4815 msgid "" "If a DHCP server is available, select [ Yes ] in the next menu to automatically configure the network " @@ -6451,7 +6444,7 @@ "acronym> 伺服器並且取得系統的位址資訊時，安裝程式會出現一分鐘左右的停頓。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4800 +#: book.translate.xml:4823 msgid "Choose IPv4 DHCP Configuration" msgstr "選擇 IPv4 DHCP 設定" @@ -6460,7 +6453,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4805 +#: book.translate.xml:4828 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv4-dhcp' " @@ -6468,7 +6461,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4810 +#: book.translate.xml:4833 msgid "" "If a DHCP server is not available, select " "[ No ] and input the following addressing information " @@ -6478,7 +6471,7 @@ "guibutton> 然後在這個選單中輸入以下位址資訊：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4815 +#: book.translate.xml:4838 msgid "IPv4 Static Configuration" msgstr "IPv4 靜態位置設定" @@ -6487,7 +6480,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4819 +#: book.translate.xml:4842 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv4-static' " @@ -6495,7 +6488,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4826 +#: book.translate.xml:4849 msgid "" "IP Address - The IPv4 address assigned " "to this computer. The address must be unique and not already in use by " @@ -6505,12 +6498,12 @@ "acronym> 位址。位址必須獨一無二且不可已被其他在區域網路上的設備使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4833 +#: book.translate.xml:4856 msgid "Subnet Mask - The subnet mask for the network." msgstr "子網路遮罩 (Subnet Mask) - 網路的子網路遮罩。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4838 +#: book.translate.xml:4861 msgid "" "Default Router - The IP address of the " "network's default gateway." @@ -6519,7 +6512,7 @@ "在網段的預設通訊閘。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4844 +#: book.translate.xml:4867 msgid "" "The next screen will ask if the interface should be configured for " "IPv6. If IPv6 is available and " @@ -6529,7 +6522,7 @@ "要使用 IPv6，請選擇 [ Yes ]。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4850 +#: book.translate.xml:4873 msgid "Choose IPv6 Networking" msgstr "選擇 IPv6 網路" @@ -6538,7 +6531,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4854 +#: book.translate.xml:4877 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv6' " @@ -6546,7 +6539,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4859 +#: book.translate.xml:4882 msgid "" "IPv6 also has two methods of configuration. StateLess " "Address AutoConfiguration (SLAAC) will automatically " @@ -6562,7 +6555,7 @@ "則需要手動輸入網路資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4867 +#: book.translate.xml:4890 msgid "" "If an IPv6 router is available, select " "[ Yes ] in the next menu to automatically configure " @@ -6574,7 +6567,7 @@ "的位址資訊時，安裝程式會出現一分鐘左右的停頓。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4874 +#: book.translate.xml:4897 msgid "Choose IPv6 SLAAC Configuration" msgstr "選擇 IPv6 SLAAC 設定" @@ -6583,7 +6576,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4878 +#: book.translate.xml:4901 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-slaac' " @@ -6591,7 +6584,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4883 +#: book.translate.xml:4906 msgid "" "If an IPv6 router is not available, select " "[ No ] and input the following addressing information " @@ -6601,7 +6594,7 @@ "guibutton> 然後在這個選單中輸入以下位址資訊：" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4888 +#: book.translate.xml:4911 msgid "IPv6 Static Configuration" msgstr "IPv6 靜態位置設定" @@ -6610,7 +6603,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4892 +#: book.translate.xml:4915 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-interface-ipv6-static' " @@ -6618,7 +6611,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4899 +#: book.translate.xml:4922 msgid "" "IPv6 Address - The IPv6 address " "assigned to this computer. The address must be unique and not already in use " @@ -6629,7 +6622,7 @@ "備使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:4906 +#: book.translate.xml:4929 msgid "" "Default Router - The IPv6 address of " "the network's default gateway." @@ -6638,7 +6631,7 @@ "所在網段的預設通訊閘。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4912 +#: book.translate.xml:4935 msgid "" "The last network configuration menu is used to configure the Domain Name " "System (DNS) resolver, which converts hostnames to and " @@ -6661,7 +6654,7 @@ "DNS 伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4926 +#: book.translate.xml:4949 msgid "DNS Configuration" msgstr "DNS 設定" @@ -6670,7 +6663,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4930 +#: book.translate.xml:4953 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-configure-network-ipv4-dns' " @@ -6678,12 +6671,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:4937 +#: book.translate.xml:4960 msgid "Setting the Time Zone" msgstr "設定時區" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4939 +#: book.translate.xml:4962 msgid "" "The next menu asks if the system clock uses UTC or local " "time. When in doubt, select [ No ] to choose the more " @@ -6693,7 +6686,7 @@ "問時可選擇 [ No ]使用更常用的當地時間。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4945 +#: book.translate.xml:4968 msgid "Select Local or UTC Clock" msgstr "選擇本地或 UTC 時鐘" @@ -6702,14 +6695,14 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4949 +#: book.translate.xml:4972 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-set-clock-local-utc' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4954 +#: book.translate.xml:4977 msgid "" "The next series of menus are used to determine the correct local time by " "selecting the geographic region, country, and time zone. Setting the time " @@ -6722,7 +6715,7 @@ "能。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4961 +#: book.translate.xml:4984 msgid "" "The example shown here is for a machine located in the Eastern time zone of " "the United States. The selections will vary according to the geographical " @@ -6730,7 +6723,7 @@ msgstr "此處以位於美國東部時區的機器為例，選擇會依據地理位置不同改變。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4966 +#: book.translate.xml:4989 msgid "Select a Region" msgstr "選擇區域" @@ -6739,20 +6732,20 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4970 +#: book.translate.xml:4993 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-region' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4975 +#: book.translate.xml:4998 msgid "" "The appropriate region is selected using the arrow keys and then pressing " "Enter." msgstr "使用方向鍵選擇適當的區域然後按下 Enter。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4979 +#: book.translate.xml:5002 msgid "Select a Country" msgstr "選擇城市" @@ -6761,20 +6754,20 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4983 +#: book.translate.xml:5006 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-country' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:4988 +#: book.translate.xml:5011 msgid "" "Select the appropriate country using the arrow keys and press Enter." msgstr "使用方向鍵選擇適當的城市然後按下 Enter。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:4992 +#: book.translate.xml:5015 msgid "Select a Time Zone" msgstr "選擇時區" @@ -6783,20 +6776,20 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:4996 +#: book.translate.xml:5019 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-zone' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5001 +#: book.translate.xml:5024 msgid "" "The appropriate time zone is selected using the arrow keys and pressing " "Enter." msgstr "使用方向鍵選擇適當的時區然後按下 Enter。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5005 +#: book.translate.xml:5028 msgid "Confirm Time Zone" msgstr "確認時區" @@ -6805,13 +6798,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5009 +#: book.translate.xml:5032 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-timezone-confirm' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5014 +#: book.translate.xml:5037 msgid "" "Confirm the abbreviation for the time zone is correct. If it is, press " "Enter to continue with the post-installation configuration." @@ -6819,12 +6812,12 @@ "確認時區的縮寫是否正確，若正確，按下 Enter 繼續安裝後設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5020 +#: book.translate.xml:5043 msgid "Enabling Services" msgstr "開啟服務" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5022 +#: book.translate.xml:5045 msgid "" "The next menu is used to configure which system services will be started " "whenever the system boots. All of these services are optional. Only start " @@ -6834,7 +6827,7 @@ "開啟系統運作真正需要的服務。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5028 +#: book.translate.xml:5051 msgid "Selecting Additional Services to Enable" msgstr "選擇要開啟的其他服務" @@ -6843,18 +6836,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5032 +#: book.translate.xml:5055 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-services' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5037 +#: book.translate.xml:5060 msgid "Here is a summary of the services which can be enabled in this menu:" msgstr "這是可以在這個選單開啟的服務摘要：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5042 +#: book.translate.xml:5065 msgid "" "sshd - The Secure Shell (SSH) daemon " "is used to remotely access a system over an encrypted connection. Only " @@ -6864,7 +6857,7 @@ "端透過加密的連線存取系統，只有在系統允許遠端登入時開啟這個服務。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5050 +#: book.translate.xml:5073 msgid "" "moused - Enable this service if the mouse will be used " "from the command-line system console." @@ -6873,7 +6866,7 @@ "務。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5056 +#: book.translate.xml:5079 msgid "" "ntpd - The Network Time Protocol (NTP) " "daemon for automatic clock synchronization. Enable this service if there is " @@ -6886,7 +6879,7 @@ "acronym> 伺服器時，可開啟此服務。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5064 +#: book.translate.xml:5087 msgid "" "powerd - System power control utility for power control " "and energy saving." @@ -6894,12 +6887,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5071 book.translate.xml:5079 +#: book.translate.xml:5094 book.translate.xml:5102 msgid "Enabling Crash Dumps" msgstr "開啟當機資訊 (Crash Dump)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5073 +#: book.translate.xml:5096 msgid "" "The next menu is used to configure whether or not crash dumps should be " "enabled. Enabling crash dumps can be useful in debugging issues with the " @@ -6913,18 +6906,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5083 +#: book.translate.xml:5106 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-config-crashdump' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5090 +#: book.translate.xml:5113 msgid "Add Users" msgstr "新增使用者" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5092 +#: book.translate.xml:5115 msgid "" "The next menu prompts to create at least one user account. It is recommended " "to login to the system using a user account rather than as [ Yes ] to add new users." msgstr "選擇 [ Yes ] 來新增新使用者。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5103 +#: book.translate.xml:5126 msgid "Add User Accounts" msgstr "新增使用者帳號" @@ -6953,13 +6946,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5107 +#: book.translate.xml:5130 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-adduser1' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5112 +#: book.translate.xml:5135 msgid "" "Follow the prompts and input the requested information for the user account. " "The example shown in creates the " @@ -6970,7 +6963,7 @@ "號。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5116 +#: book.translate.xml:5139 msgid "Enter User Information" msgstr "輸入使用者資訊" @@ -6979,18 +6972,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5120 +#: book.translate.xml:5143 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-adduser2' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5125 +#: book.translate.xml:5148 msgid "Here is a summary of the information to input:" msgstr "這裡是要輸入的資訊摘要：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5129 +#: book.translate.xml:5152 msgid "" "Username - The name the user will enter to log in. A " "common convention is to use the first letter of the first name combined with " @@ -7002,7 +6995,7 @@ "區分大小寫且不應含有任何空白字元。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5138 +#: book.translate.xml:5161 msgid "" "Full name - The user's full name. This can contain spaces " "and is used as a description for the user account." @@ -7011,7 +7004,7 @@ "用來描述該使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5144 +#: book.translate.xml:5167 msgid "" "Uid - User ID. Typically, this is left " "blank so the system will assign a value." @@ -7020,7 +7013,7 @@ "統會自動分配一個值。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5150 +#: book.translate.xml:5173 msgid "" "Login group - The user's group. Typically this is left " "blank to accept the default." @@ -7029,7 +7022,7 @@ "來使用預設值。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5155 +#: book.translate.xml:5178 msgid "" "Invite user into other groups? " "- Additional groups to which the user will be added as a member. If the user " @@ -7040,12 +7033,12 @@ "需要管理權限，則在此輸入 wheel。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5163 +#: book.translate.xml:5186 msgid "Login class - Typically left blank for the default." msgstr "登入類別 (Login class) - 通常會留空來使用預設值。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5168 +#: book.translate.xml:5191 msgid "" "Shell - Type in one of the listed values to set the " "interactive shell for the user. Refer to for more " @@ -7055,7 +7048,7 @@ "參考 取得更多有關 Shell 的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5175 +#: book.translate.xml:5198 msgid "" "Home directory - The user's home directory. The default " "is usually correct." @@ -7064,7 +7057,7 @@ "問題的。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5180 +#: book.translate.xml:5203 msgid "" "Home directory permissions - Permissions on the user's " "home directory. The default is usually correct." @@ -7073,7 +7066,7 @@ "限，預設值通常是沒有問題的。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5186 +#: book.translate.xml:5209 msgid "" "Use password-based authentication? - Typically " "yes so that the user is prompted to input their password " @@ -7083,7 +7076,7 @@ "literal>) - 通常為是 (yes)，使用者才可於登入時輸入密碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5192 +#: book.translate.xml:5215 msgid "" "Use an empty password? - Typically no " "as it is insecure to have a blank password." @@ -7092,7 +7085,7 @@ "(no)，因為使用空白密碼並不安全。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5198 +#: book.translate.xml:5221 msgid "" "Use a random password? - Typically no " "so that the user can set their own password in the next prompt." @@ -7101,7 +7094,7 @@ "(no)，這樣使用者接下來才可設定自己的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5204 +#: book.translate.xml:5227 msgid "" "Enter password - The password for this user. Characters " "typed will not show on the screen." @@ -7110,7 +7103,7 @@ "會顯示在畫面上。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5210 +#: book.translate.xml:5233 msgid "" "Enter password again - The password must be typed again " "for verification." @@ -7119,7 +7112,7 @@ "認無誤。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5215 +#: book.translate.xml:5238 msgid "" "Lock out the account after creation? - Typically " "no so that the user can login." @@ -7128,7 +7121,7 @@ "literal>) - 通常為否 (no)，這樣使用者才可以登入。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5221 +#: book.translate.xml:5244 msgid "" "After entering everything, a summary is shown for review. If a mistake was " "made, enter no and try again. If everything is correct, " @@ -7139,7 +7132,7 @@ "literal>) 以後便會建立新使用者。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5227 +#: book.translate.xml:5250 msgid "Exit User and Group Management" msgstr "離開使用者與群組管理" @@ -7148,13 +7141,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5231 +#: book.translate.xml:5254 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-adduser3' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5236 +#: book.translate.xml:5259 msgid "" "If there are more users to add, answer the Add another user? question with yes. Enter no " @@ -7165,7 +7158,7 @@ "literal>) 來完成加入使用者然後繼續安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5241 +#: book.translate.xml:5264 msgid "" "For more information on adding users and user management, see ." @@ -7175,12 +7168,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5246 book.translate.xml:5252 +#: book.translate.xml:5269 book.translate.xml:5275 msgid "Final Configuration" msgstr "最後設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5248 +#: book.translate.xml:5271 msgid "" "After everything has been installed and configured, a final chance is " "provided to modify settings." @@ -7191,21 +7184,21 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5256 +#: book.translate.xml:5279 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-finalconfiguration' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5261 +#: book.translate.xml:5284 msgid "" "Use this menu to make any changes or do any additional configuration before " "completing the installation." msgstr "使用這個選單在完成安裝前做任何更改或做任何額外的設定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5266 +#: book.translate.xml:5289 msgid "" "Add User - Described in ." @@ -7214,7 +7207,7 @@ "addusers\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5270 +#: book.translate.xml:5293 msgid "" "Root Password - Described in ." @@ -7223,7 +7216,7 @@ "\"bsdinstall-post-root\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5274 +#: book.translate.xml:5297 msgid "" "Hostname - Described in ." @@ -7232,7 +7225,7 @@ "hostname\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5278 +#: book.translate.xml:5301 msgid "" "Network - Described in ." @@ -7241,7 +7234,7 @@ "network-dev\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5282 +#: book.translate.xml:5305 msgid "" "Services - Described in ." @@ -7250,7 +7243,7 @@ "sysconf\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5286 +#: book.translate.xml:5309 msgid "" "Time Zone - Described in ." @@ -7259,13 +7252,13 @@ "timezone\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5290 +#: book.translate.xml:5313 msgid "" "Handbook - Download and install the FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "使用手冊 (Handbook) - 下載並安裝 FreeBSD 使用手冊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5295 +#: book.translate.xml:5318 msgid "" "After any final configuration is complete, select Exit." @@ -7273,7 +7266,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: figure/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5299 book.translate.xml:11498 +#: book.translate.xml:5322 book.translate.xml:11521 msgid "Manual Configuration" msgstr "手動設定" @@ -7282,7 +7275,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5303 +#: book.translate.xml:5326 msgctxt "_" msgid "" "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-final-modification-shell' " @@ -7290,7 +7283,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5308 +#: book.translate.xml:5331 msgid "" "bsdinstall will prompt if there are any " "additional configuration that needs to be done before rebooting into the new " @@ -7303,7 +7296,7 @@ "的 Shell 或 [ No ] 繼續最後的安裝步驟。" #. (itstool) path: figure/title -#: book.translate.xml:5317 +#: book.translate.xml:5340 msgid "Complete the Installation" msgstr "完成安裝" @@ -7312,13 +7305,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:5321 +#: book.translate.xml:5344 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='bsdinstall/bsdinstall-mainexit' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5326 +#: book.translate.xml:5349 msgid "" "If further configuration or special setup is needed, select " "[ Live CD ] to boot the install media into Live " @@ -7328,7 +7321,7 @@ "進入安裝媒體的 Live CD 模式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5331 +#: book.translate.xml:5354 msgid "" "If the installation is complete, select [ Reboot ] to " "reboot the computer and start the new FreeBSD system. Do not forget to " @@ -7339,7 +7332,7 @@ "式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5337 +#: book.translate.xml:5360 msgid "" "As FreeBSD boots, informational messages are displayed. After the system " "finishes booting, a login prompt is displayed. At the login: 來取得當需要管理權限時如何成為超級使用者的說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5346 +#: book.translate.xml:5369 msgid "" "The messages that appeared during boot can be reviewed by pressing " "Scroll-Lock to turn on the scroll-back buffer. The " @@ -7373,7 +7366,7 @@ "列。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5358 +#: book.translate.xml:5381 msgid "" "If sshd was enabled in , the first boot may be a bit slower as the system will " @@ -7387,7 +7380,7 @@ "(Fingerprint)，如這個範例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5364 +#: book.translate.xml:5387 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Generating public/private rsa1 key pair.\n" @@ -7428,7 +7421,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5400 +#: book.translate.xml:5423 msgid "" "Refer to for more information about fingerprints " "and SSH." @@ -7437,7 +7430,7 @@ "acronym> 的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5403 +#: book.translate.xml:5426 msgid "" "FreeBSD does not install a graphical environment by default. Refer to for more information about installing and configuring a " @@ -7447,7 +7440,7 @@ "與設定圖型化視窗管理程式的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5407 +#: book.translate.xml:5430 msgid "" "Proper shutdown of a FreeBSD computer helps protect data and hardware from " "damage. Do not turn off the power before the system has been " @@ -7468,31 +7461,31 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:5420 book.translate.xml:12450 book.translate.xml:15213 -#: book.translate.xml:20388 book.translate.xml:35671 book.translate.xml:36441 -#: book.translate.xml:47568 book.translate.xml:50814 book.translate.xml:61911 -#: book.translate.xml:63571 book.translate.xml:64294 +#: book.translate.xml:5443 book.translate.xml:12473 book.translate.xml:15236 +#: book.translate.xml:20407 book.translate.xml:35691 book.translate.xml:36461 +#: book.translate.xml:47953 book.translate.xml:51199 book.translate.xml:62294 +#: book.translate.xml:63954 book.translate.xml:64677 msgid "Troubleshooting" msgstr "疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5422 +#: book.translate.xml:5445 msgid "installation troubleshooting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5426 +#: book.translate.xml:5449 msgid "" "This section covers basic installation troubleshooting, such as common " "problems people have reported." msgstr "本節涵蓋基礎的安裝疑難排解，例如一些已有人回報的常見問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5430 +#: book.translate.xml:5453 msgid "" "Check the Hardware Notes (http://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html) document for " -"the version of FreeBSD to make sure the hardware is supported. If the " +"index.html\">https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html) document " +"for the version of FreeBSD to make sure the hardware is supported. If the " "hardware is supported and lock-ups or other problems occur, build a custom " "kernel using the instructions in to add " "support for devices which are not present in the GENERIChttp://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html) 文件" -"來確認是否支援該硬體。若確定有支援該硬體但仍然卡住或發生其他問題，請依照 " +"releases/index.html\">https://www.freebsd.org/releases/index.html) 文" +"件來確認是否支援該硬體。若確定有支援該硬體但仍然卡住或發生其他問題，請依照 " " 的指示編譯自訂核心來加入未在 " "GENERIC 核心的裝置。預設的核心會假設大部份的硬體裝置會使" "用原廠預設的 IRQs, I/O 位址，及 " @@ -7512,7 +7505,7 @@ "訴 FreeBSD 到那找到這些裝置。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:5444 +#: book.translate.xml:5467 msgid "" "Some installation problems can be avoided or alleviated by updating the " "firmware on various hardware components, most notably the motherboard. " @@ -7525,7 +7518,7 @@ "得升級程式與升級資訊。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:5451 +#: book.translate.xml:5474 msgid "" "Manufacturers generally advise against upgrading the motherboard " "BIOS unless there is a good reason for doing so, like a " @@ -7535,7 +7528,7 @@ "製造商通常會建議若沒有特殊原因盡量避免升級主機板 BIOS" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5459 +#: book.translate.xml:5482 msgid "" "If the system hangs while probing hardware during boot, or it behaves " "strangely during install, ACPI may be the culprit. " @@ -7555,13 +7548,13 @@ "disabled Hint 來關閉 ACPI：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5471 +#: book.translate.xml:5494 #, no-wrap msgid "set hint.acpi.0.disabled=\"1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5473 +#: book.translate.xml:5496 msgid "" "This is reset each time the system is booted, so it is necessary to add " "hint.acpi.0.disabled=\"1\" to the file /boot/" @@ -7573,12 +7566,12 @@ "機載入程式的資訊可於 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:5480 +#: book.translate.xml:5503 msgid "Using the Live CD" msgstr "使用 Live CD" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5482 +#: book.translate.xml:5505 msgid "" "The welcome menu of bsdinstall, shown in , provides a [ Live CD ][ Live CD ]:" msgstr "在使用 [ Live CD ] 之前必須注意以下幾點事項：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5494 +#: book.translate.xml:5517 msgid "" "To gain access to the system, authentication is required. The username is " "root and the password is blank." @@ -7608,25 +7601,25 @@ "\">root 而密碼則是空白。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5500 +#: book.translate.xml:5523 msgid "" "As the system runs directly from the installation media, performance will be " "significantly slower than that of a system installed on a hard disk." msgstr "系統是直接從安裝媒體上執行，比起安裝到硬碟的系統，效能可能較差。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5506 +#: book.translate.xml:5529 msgid "" "This option only provides a command prompt and not a graphical interface." msgstr "這個選項只提供指令提示，不會有圖型化介面。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:5531 +#: book.translate.xml:5554 msgid "FreeBSD Basics" msgstr "FreeBSD 基礎" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5536 +#: book.translate.xml:5559 msgid "" "This chapter covers the basic commands and functionality of the FreeBSD " "operating system. Much of this material is relevant for any UNIX file permissions and " "FreeBSD file flags work." @@ -7658,68 +7651,68 @@ "記的運作方式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5559 +#: book.translate.xml:5582 msgid "The default FreeBSD file system layout." msgstr "預設的 FreeBSD 檔案系統配置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5563 +#: book.translate.xml:5586 msgid "The FreeBSD disk organization." msgstr "FreeBSD 的磁碟組織。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5567 +#: book.translate.xml:5590 msgid "How to mount and unmount file systems." msgstr "如何掛載 (Mount)、卸載 (Umount) 檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5571 +#: book.translate.xml:5594 msgid "What processes, daemons, and signals are." msgstr "什麼是程序、Daemon 以及信號 (Signal)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5575 +#: book.translate.xml:5598 msgid "What a shell is, and how to change the default login environment." msgstr "什麼是 Shell，以及如何變更您預設的登入環境。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5580 +#: book.translate.xml:5603 msgid "How to use basic text editors." msgstr "如何使用基本的文字編輯器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5584 +#: book.translate.xml:5607 msgid "What devices and device nodes are." msgstr "什麼是裝置 (Device) 和裝置節點 (Device node)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5588 +#: book.translate.xml:5611 msgid "How to read manual pages for more information." msgstr "如何閱讀操作手冊以獲得更多的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:5594 +#: book.translate.xml:5617 msgid "Virtual Consoles and Terminals" msgstr "虛擬 Console 與終端機" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5596 +#: book.translate.xml:5619 msgid "virtual consoles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5599 book.translate.xml:46850 +#: book.translate.xml:5622 book.translate.xml:47235 msgid "terminals" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5602 book.translate.xml:23370 +#: book.translate.xml:5625 book.translate.xml:23389 msgid "console" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5606 +#: book.translate.xml:5629 msgid "" "Unless FreeBSD has been configured to automatically start a graphical " "environment during startup, the system will boot into a command line login " @@ -7729,7 +7722,7 @@ "是這樣的東西：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5611 +#: book.translate.xml:5634 #, no-wrap msgid "" "FreeBSD/amd64 (pc3.example.org) (ttyv0)\n" @@ -7738,7 +7731,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5615 +#: book.translate.xml:5638 msgid "" "The first line contains some information about the system. The " "amd64 indicates that the system in this example is " @@ -7752,7 +7745,7 @@ "quote>。第二行則是登人的提示訊息。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5623 +#: book.translate.xml:5646 msgid "" "Since FreeBSD is a multiuser system, it needs some way to distinguish " "between different users. This is accomplished by requiring every user to log " @@ -7766,7 +7759,7 @@ "(password)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5630 +#: book.translate.xml:5653 msgid "" "To log into the system console, type the username that was configured during " "system installation, as described in 在畫面上。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5638 +#: book.translate.xml:5661 msgid "" "Once the correct password is input, the message of the day (MOTD) will be displayed followed by a command prompt. Depending upon the " @@ -7796,12 +7789,12 @@ "Console 且已經準備好可以下指令。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5648 +#: book.translate.xml:5671 msgid "Virtual Consoles" msgstr "虛擬 Console" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5650 +#: book.translate.xml:5673 msgid "" "While the system console can be used to interact with the system, a user " "working from the command line at the keyboard of a FreeBSD system will " @@ -7815,7 +7808,7 @@ "這些訊些會在使用者作業的過程中不斷出現，讓使用者難以專心作業。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5659 +#: book.translate.xml:5682 msgid "" "By default, FreeBSD is configured to provide several virtual consoles for " "inputting commands. Each virtual console has its own login prompt and shell " @@ -7828,7 +7821,7 @@ "於圖型化環境中可以同時開啟多個視窗的功能。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5666 +#: book.translate.xml:5689 msgid "" "The key combinations AltF1 through AltF8ttyv2)，以此類推。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5682 +#: book.translate.xml:5705 msgid "" "When switching from one console to the next, FreeBSD manages the screen " "output. The result is an illusion of having multiple virtual screens and " @@ -7863,7 +7856,7 @@ "Console 上執行的程式並不會因為使用者切到別的 Console 而停止執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5689 +#: book.translate.xml:5712 msgid "" "Refer to kbdcontrol1, " @@ -7885,7 +7878,7 @@ "citerefentry> 來取得更多有關 FreeBSD Console 及鍵盤驅動程式的技術說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5694 +#: book.translate.xml:5717 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, the number of available virtual consoles is configured in this " "section of /etc/ttys:" @@ -7894,7 +7887,7 @@ "列章節：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5698 +#: book.translate.xml:5721 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# name getty type status comments\n" @@ -7912,7 +7905,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5712 +#: book.translate.xml:5735 msgid "" "To disable a virtual console, put a comment symbol (#) at " "the beginning of the line representing that virtual console. For example, to " @@ -7934,7 +7927,7 @@ "個虛擬 Console (ttyv8)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5726 +#: book.translate.xml:5749 msgid "" "For a detailed description of every column in this file and the available " "options for the virtual consoles, refer to " @@ -7945,12 +7938,12 @@ "refentrytitle>5 說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5732 +#: book.translate.xml:5755 msgid "Single User Mode" msgstr "單使用者模式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5734 +#: book.translate.xml:5757 msgid "" "The FreeBSD boot menu provides an option labelled as Boot Single " "User. If this option is selected, the system will boot into a " @@ -7975,7 +7968,7 @@ "鍵盤的人員。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5750 +#: book.translate.xml:5773 msgid "" "The settings which control single user mode are found in this section of " "/etc/ttys:" @@ -7984,7 +7977,7 @@ "到：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5753 +#: book.translate.xml:5776 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# name getty type status comments\n" @@ -7995,7 +7988,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5759 +#: book.translate.xml:5782 msgid "" "By default, the status is set to secure. This assumes " "that who has physical access to the keyboard is either not important or it " @@ -8014,7 +8007,7 @@ "碼。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:5771 +#: book.translate.xml:5794 msgid "" "Be careful when changing this setting to insecure! If the root " @@ -8027,12 +8020,12 @@ "有其他辦法可以登入單使用者模式，只是對不熟 FreeBSD 開機程序的人可就麻煩了。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5781 +#: book.translate.xml:5804 msgid "Changing Console Video Modes" msgstr "更改 Console 影像模式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5783 +#: book.translate.xml:5806 msgid "" "The FreeBSD console default video mode may be adjusted to 1024x768, " "1280x1024, or any other size supported by the graphics chip and monitor. To " @@ -8043,13 +8036,13 @@ "組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5788 +#: book.translate.xml:5811 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload vesa" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5790 +#: book.translate.xml:5813 msgid "" "To determine which video modes are supported by the hardware, use " "vidcontrol1# vidcontrol -i mode" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5796 +#: book.translate.xml:5819 msgid "" "The output of this command lists the video modes that are supported by the " "hardware. To select a new video mode, specify the mode using " @@ -8081,13 +8074,13 @@ "manvolnum> 指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:5801 +#: book.translate.xml:5824 #, no-wrap msgid "# vidcontrol MODE_279" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5803 +#: book.translate.xml:5826 msgid "" "If the new video mode is acceptable, it can be permanently set on boot by " "adding it to /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -8096,18 +8089,18 @@ "次重開機後會自動生效：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:5807 +#: book.translate.xml:5830 #, no-wrap msgid "allscreens_flags=\"MODE_279\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:5824 +#: book.translate.xml:5847 msgid "Users and Basic Account Management" msgstr "使用者與基礎帳號管理" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5826 +#: book.translate.xml:5849 msgid "" "FreeBSD allows multiple users to use the computer at the same time. While " "only one user can sit in front of the screen and use the keyboard at any one " @@ -8119,39 +8112,39 @@ "用者應有自己的帳號。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:5832 +#: book.translate.xml:5855 msgid "This chapter describes:" msgstr "本章介紹︰" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5836 +#: book.translate.xml:5859 msgid "The different types of user accounts on a FreeBSD system." msgstr "FreeBSD 系統中各種類型的使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5841 +#: book.translate.xml:5864 msgid "How to add, remove, and modify user accounts." msgstr "如何加入、移除與修改使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5845 +#: book.translate.xml:5868 msgid "" "How to set limits to control the resources that users and groups are allowed " "to access." msgstr "如何設定用來控制使用者與群組允許存取的資源的限制。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5851 +#: book.translate.xml:5874 msgid "How to create groups and add users as members of a group." msgstr "如何建立群組與加入使用者作為群組成員。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:5857 +#: book.translate.xml:5880 msgid "Account Types" msgstr "帳號類型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5859 +#: book.translate.xml:5882 msgid "" "Since all access to the FreeBSD system is achieved using accounts and all " "processes are run by users, user and account management is important." @@ -8160,24 +8153,24 @@ "者來執行，因此使用者帳號管理非常重要。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:5863 +#: book.translate.xml:5886 msgid "" "There are three main types of accounts: system accounts, user accounts, and " "the superuser account." msgstr "有三種主要類型的帳號：系統帳號、使用者帳號以及超級使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:5867 +#: book.translate.xml:5890 msgid "System Accounts" msgstr "系統帳號" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5869 +#: book.translate.xml:5892 msgid "accounts system" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5874 +#: book.translate.xml:5897 msgid "" "System accounts are used to run services such as DNS, mail, and web servers. " "The reason for this is security; if all services ran as the superuser, they " @@ -8187,21 +8180,21 @@ "若所有的服務均以超級使用者來執行，那麼這些服務的運作將不會受到限制。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5879 +#: book.translate.xml:5902 msgid "" "accounts daemon" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5883 +#: book.translate.xml:5906 msgid "" "accounts operator" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5888 +#: book.translate.xml:5911 msgid "" "Examples of system accounts are daemon, operator, " @@ -8215,14 +8208,14 @@ "systemitem>, and www。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:5895 +#: book.translate.xml:5918 msgid "" "accounts nobody" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5900 +#: book.translate.xml:5923 msgid "" "nobody is the generic " "unprivileged system account. However, the more services that use accounts user" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5916 +#: book.translate.xml:5939 msgid "" "User accounts are assigned to real people and are used to log in and use the " "system. Every person accessing the system should have a unique user account. " @@ -8258,7 +8251,7 @@ "的設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5922 +#: book.translate.xml:5945 msgid "" "Each user can set up their own environment to accommodate their use of the " "system, by configuring their default shell, editor, key bindings, and " @@ -8268,19 +8261,19 @@ "編輯器、組合鍵 (Key Binding) 及語言設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:5927 +#: book.translate.xml:5950 msgid "" "Every user account on a FreeBSD system has certain information associated " "with it:" msgstr "每個在 FreeBSD 系統的使用者帳號都會有一些相關的資訊：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5932 +#: book.translate.xml:5955 msgid "User name" msgstr "使用者名稱 (User name)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5935 +#: book.translate.xml:5958 msgid "" "The user name is typed at the login: prompt. Each user must " "have a unique user name. There are a number of rules for creating valid user " @@ -8296,22 +8289,22 @@ "元以向下相容應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5947 +#: book.translate.xml:5970 msgid "Password" msgstr "密碼 (Password)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5950 +#: book.translate.xml:5973 msgid "Each account has an associated password." msgstr "每個帳號都會有密碼。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5955 +#: book.translate.xml:5978 msgid "User ID (UID)" msgstr "使用者 ID (UID)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5958 +#: book.translate.xml:5981 msgid "" "The User ID (UID) is a number used to uniquely identify " "the user to the FreeBSD system. Commands that allow a user name to be " @@ -8325,12 +8318,12 @@ "體的相容性問題。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5969 +#: book.translate.xml:5992 msgid "Group ID (GID)" msgstr "群組 ID (GID)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5972 +#: book.translate.xml:5995 msgid "" "The Group ID (GID) is a number used to uniquely identify " "the primary group that the user belongs to. Groups are a mechanism for " @@ -8347,12 +8340,12 @@ "的 GID 可能會讓部份軟體無法運作。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5986 +#: book.translate.xml:6009 msgid "Login class" msgstr "登入類別 (Login class)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:5989 +#: book.translate.xml:6012 msgid "" "Login classes are an extension to the group mechanism that provide " "additional flexibility when tailoring the system to different users. Login " @@ -8362,12 +8355,12 @@ "的彈性。在 有對登入類別更進一步的討論。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:5998 +#: book.translate.xml:6021 msgid "Password change time" msgstr "密碼更改時間 (Password change time)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:6001 +#: book.translate.xml:6024 msgid "" "By default, passwords do not expire. However, password expiration can be " "enabled on a per-user basis, forcing some or all users to change their " @@ -8377,12 +8370,12 @@ "或所有使用者在某段期間過後更改他們的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:6010 +#: book.translate.xml:6033 msgid "Account expiration time" msgstr "帳號到期時間 (Account expiration time)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:6013 +#: book.translate.xml:6036 msgid "" "By default, FreeBSD does not expire accounts. When creating accounts that " "need a limited lifespan, such as student accounts in a school, specify the " @@ -8397,12 +8390,12 @@ "期日期過後，便無法使用該帳號登入到系統，儘管該帳號的目錄及檔案仍存在。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:6024 +#: book.translate.xml:6047 msgid "User's full name" msgstr "使用者的全名 (User's full name)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:6027 +#: book.translate.xml:6050 msgid "" "The user name uniquely identifies the account to FreeBSD, but does not " "necessarily reflect the user's real name. Similar to a comment, this " @@ -8413,12 +8406,12 @@ "名。類似註解，這個資訊可以含有空白、大寫字元並可超過 8 個字母的長度。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:6036 +#: book.translate.xml:6059 msgid "Home directory" msgstr "家目錄 (Home directory)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:6039 +#: book.translate.xml:6062 msgid "" "The home directory is the full path to a directory on the system. This is " "the user's starting directory when the user logs in. A common convention is " @@ -8433,12 +8426,12 @@ "filename>。每位使用者可以儲存他們的個人檔案及子目錄於他們自己的家目錄。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:6050 +#: book.translate.xml:6073 msgid "User shell" msgstr "使用者 Shell (User shell)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:6053 +#: book.translate.xml:6076 msgid "" "The shell provides the user's default environment for interacting with the " "system. There are many different kinds of shells and experienced users will " @@ -8448,17 +8441,17 @@ "用者會有自己偏好的選擇，可儲存在自己的帳號設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6064 +#: book.translate.xml:6087 msgid "The Superuser Account" msgstr "超級使用者帳號" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6066 +#: book.translate.xml:6089 msgid "accounts superuser (root)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6071 +#: book.translate.xml:6094 msgid "" "The superuser account, usually called root, is used to manage the system with no limitations on privileges. " @@ -8470,7 +8463,7 @@ "如：寄信與收信、系統的一般探索或程式設計。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6078 +#: book.translate.xml:6101 msgid "" "The superuser, unlike other user accounts, can operate without limits, and " "misuse of the superuser account may result in spectacular disasters. User " @@ -8483,7 +8476,7 @@ "登入一般使用者帳號，只有在指令需要額外權限時切換為超級使用者。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6086 +#: book.translate.xml:6109 msgid "" "Always double and triple-check any commands issued as the superuser, since " "an extra space or missing character can mean irreparable data loss." @@ -8492,7 +8485,7 @@ "著無法挽回的資料遺失。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6090 +#: book.translate.xml:6113 msgid "" "There are several ways to gain superuser privilege. While one can log in as " "root, this is highly discouraged." @@ -8501,7 +8494,7 @@ "\"username\">root，但強烈不建議這樣做。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6095 +#: book.translate.xml:6118 msgid "" "Instead, use su1 to become the superuser. If - " @@ -8519,7 +8512,7 @@ "的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6105 +#: book.translate.xml:6128 msgid "" "In this example, the user only becomes superuser in order to run " "make install as this step requires superuser privilege. " @@ -8531,12 +8524,12 @@ "exit 離開超級使用者帳號並返回他的使用者帳號權限。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6113 +#: book.translate.xml:6136 msgid "Install a Program As the Superuser" msgstr "以超級使用者的身份安裝程式" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6115 +#: book.translate.xml:6138 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% configure\n" @@ -8549,7 +8542,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6124 +#: book.translate.xml:6147 msgid "" "The built-in su1 framework works well for single systems or small " @@ -8564,17 +8557,17 @@ "體提供了活動記錄且允許管理者設定那個使用者可以用超級使用者執行那個指令。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:6135 +#: book.translate.xml:6158 msgid "Managing Accounts" msgstr "管理帳號" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6137 +#: book.translate.xml:6160 msgid "accounts modifying" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6142 +#: book.translate.xml:6165 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides a variety of different commands to manage user accounts. " "The most common commands are summarized in adduser8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6164 +#: book.translate.xml:6187 msgid "The recommended command-line application for adding new users." msgstr "建議用來新增新使用者的指令列應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6169 +#: book.translate.xml:6192 msgid "" "rmuser8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6170 +#: book.translate.xml:6193 msgid "The recommended command-line application for removing users." msgstr "建議用來移除使用者的指令列應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6175 +#: book.translate.xml:6198 msgid "" "chpass1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6176 +#: book.translate.xml:6199 msgid "A flexible tool for changing user database information." msgstr "用來更改使用者資料庫資訊的工具。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6181 +#: book.translate.xml:6204 msgid "" "passwd1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6182 +#: book.translate.xml:6205 msgid "The command-line tool to change user passwords." msgstr "用來更改使用者密碼的指令列工具。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6187 +#: book.translate.xml:6210 msgid "" "pw8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6188 +#: book.translate.xml:6211 msgid "" "A powerful and flexible tool for modifying all aspects of user accounts." msgstr "用來修改使用者帳號各方面資訊強大且靈活的工具。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6196 +#: book.translate.xml:6219 msgid "adduser" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6198 +#: book.translate.xml:6221 msgid "accounts adding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6202 book.translate.xml:43511 +#: book.translate.xml:6225 book.translate.xml:43897 msgid "adduser" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6205 +#: book.translate.xml:6228 msgid "/usr/share/skel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6208 +#: book.translate.xml:6231 msgid "skeleton directory" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6212 +#: book.translate.xml:6235 msgid "" "The recommended program for adding new users is " "adduser8adduser8 utility is interactive and walks through the steps " @@ -8731,12 +8724,12 @@ "離開。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6234 +#: book.translate.xml:6257 msgid "Adding a User on FreeBSD" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 新增使用者" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6236 +#: book.translate.xml:6259 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# adduser\n" @@ -8772,29 +8765,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:6269 +#: book.translate.xml:6292 msgid "" "Since the password is not echoed when typed, be careful to not mistype the " "password when creating the user account." msgstr "由於密碼在輸入時並不會顯示，在建立使用者帳號時要小心密碼不要輸入錯誤。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6276 +#: book.translate.xml:6299 msgid "rmuser" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6278 +#: book.translate.xml:6301 msgid "rmuser" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6281 +#: book.translate.xml:6304 msgid "accounts removing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6286 +#: book.translate.xml:6309 msgid "" "To completely remove a user from the system, run " "rmuser8。這個指令會執行以下步驟：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6292 +#: book.translate.xml:6315 msgid "" "Removes the user's crontab1 entry, if one exists." @@ -8814,7 +8807,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1 項目，若項目存在。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6297 +#: book.translate.xml:6320 msgid "" "Removes any at1 jobs belonging to the user." @@ -8823,30 +8816,30 @@ "refentrytitle>1 工作。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6302 +#: book.translate.xml:6325 msgid "Kills all processes owned by the user." msgstr "中止所有該使用者擁有的程序。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6306 +#: book.translate.xml:6329 msgid "Removes the user from the system's local password file." msgstr "自系統本地密碼檔移除該使用者。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6311 +#: book.translate.xml:6334 msgid "" "Optionally removes the user's home directory, if it is owned by the user." msgstr "選擇性移除該使用者的家目錄，若使用者擁有該目錄。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6316 +#: book.translate.xml:6339 msgid "" "Removes the incoming mail files belonging to the user from /var/" "mail." msgstr "自 /var/mail 移除屬於該使用者的收件郵件檔。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6321 +#: book.translate.xml:6344 msgid "" "Removes all files owned by the user from temporary file storage areas such " "as /tmp." @@ -8854,7 +8847,7 @@ "自暫存檔儲存區域 (如 /tmp) 移除所有使用者擁有的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:6327 +#: book.translate.xml:6350 msgid "" "Finally, removes the username from all groups to which it belongs in " "/etc/group. If a group becomes empty and the group name " @@ -8868,7 +8861,7 @@ "manvolnum> 替每位使用者建立獨一無二的群組。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6336 +#: book.translate.xml:6359 msgid "" "rmuser8 cannot be used to remove superuser accounts since that is " @@ -8878,18 +8871,18 @@ "citerefentry> 無法用來移除超級使用者帳號，因為這幾乎代表著大規模破壞。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6340 +#: book.translate.xml:6363 msgid "" "By default, an interactive mode is used, as shown in the following example." msgstr "預設會使用互動式模式，如下範例所示。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6344 +#: book.translate.xml:6367 msgid "rmuser Interactive Account Removal" msgstr "rmuser 互動式帳號移除" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6347 +#: book.translate.xml:6370 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# rmuser jru\n" @@ -8902,17 +8895,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6358 +#: book.translate.xml:6381 msgid "chpass" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6360 +#: book.translate.xml:6383 msgid "chpass" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6364 +#: book.translate.xml:6387 msgid "" "Any user can use chpass1 to change their " @@ -8926,7 +8919,7 @@ "者的其他帳號資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6369 +#: book.translate.xml:6392 msgid "" "When passed no options, aside from an optional username, " "chpass1, the superuser has typed " "chpass jru and is now viewing the fields that can be " @@ -8962,12 +8955,12 @@ "個欄位供編輯，如 所示。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6389 +#: book.translate.xml:6412 msgid "Using chpass as Superuser" msgstr "以超級使用者的身份使用 chpass" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6392 +#: book.translate.xml:6415 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#Changing user database information for jru.\n" @@ -8988,12 +8981,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6410 +#: book.translate.xml:6433 msgid "Using chpass as Regular User" msgstr "以一般使用者的身份使用 chpass" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6413 +#: book.translate.xml:6436 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#Changing user database information for jru.\n" @@ -9006,7 +8999,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:6423 +#: book.translate.xml:6446 msgid "" "The commands chfn1 and chsh 中有說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6433 +#: book.translate.xml:6456 msgid "passwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6435 +#: book.translate.xml:6458 msgid "passwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6438 +#: book.translate.xml:6461 msgid "accounts changing password" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6443 +#: book.translate.xml:6466 msgid "" "Any user can easily change their password using " "passwd1% passwd\n" @@ -9080,7 +9073,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6460 +#: book.translate.xml:6483 msgid "" "The superuser can change any user's password by specifying the username when " "running passwd1# passwd jru\n" @@ -9111,7 +9104,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:6480 +#: book.translate.xml:6503 msgid "" "As with chpass1, yppasswd，因此 NIS 在兩個指令上皆可運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:6487 +#: book.translate.xml:6510 msgid "pw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6489 book.translate.xml:43534 +#: book.translate.xml:6512 book.translate.xml:43920 msgid "pw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:6493 +#: book.translate.xml:6516 msgid "" "The pw8 utility can create, remove, modify, and display users and " @@ -9155,27 +9148,27 @@ "本節的指令要複雜許多。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:6504 +#: book.translate.xml:6527 msgid "Managing Groups" msgstr "管理群組" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6506 +#: book.translate.xml:6529 msgid "groups" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6509 +#: book.translate.xml:6532 msgid "/etc/groups" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6512 +#: book.translate.xml:6535 msgid "accounts groups" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6517 +#: book.translate.xml:6540 msgid "" "A group is a list of users. A group is identified by its group name and " "GID. In FreeBSD, the kernel uses the UIDGID mapping is listed in /etc/" "group. This is a plain text file with four colon-delimited " @@ -9207,7 +9200,7 @@ "citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6532 +#: book.translate.xml:6555 msgid "" "The superuser can modify /etc/group using a text " "editor. Alternatively, pwteamtwo 的群組然後確認該群組已新增：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6539 +#: book.translate.xml:6562 msgid "" "Adding a Group Using pw8" @@ -9230,7 +9223,7 @@ "manvolnum> 新增群組" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6541 +#: book.translate.xml:6564 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pw groupadd teamtwo\n" @@ -9239,7 +9232,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6546 +#: book.translate.xml:6569 msgid "" "In this example, 1100 is the GID of " "teamtwo. Right now, teamtwo 的成員。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6555 +#: book.translate.xml:6578 msgid "" "Adding User Accounts to a New Group Using pw8" @@ -9263,7 +9256,7 @@ "manvolnum> 加入使用者帳號到新的群組" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6558 +#: book.translate.xml:6581 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pw groupmod teamtwo -M jru\n" @@ -9272,7 +9265,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6563 +#: book.translate.xml:6586 msgid "" "The argument to is a comma-delimited list of users to be " "added to a new (empty) group or to replace the members of an existing group. " @@ -9299,7 +9292,7 @@ "filename> 且不會嘗試自 /etc/passwd 讀取其他的資料。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6577 +#: book.translate.xml:6600 msgid "" "Adding a New Member to a Group Using pw8" @@ -9308,7 +9301,7 @@ "manvolnum> 加入新成員到群組" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6579 +#: book.translate.xml:6602 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pw groupmod teamtwo -m db\n" @@ -9317,7 +9310,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6584 +#: book.translate.xml:6607 msgid "" "In this example, the argument to is a comma-delimited " "list of users who are to be added to the group. Unlike the previous example, " @@ -9329,7 +9322,7 @@ "者。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:6591 +#: book.translate.xml:6614 msgid "" "Using id1 to Determine Group Membership" @@ -9338,7 +9331,7 @@ "manvolnum> 來查看所屬群組" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6593 +#: book.translate.xml:6616 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% id jru\n" @@ -9346,7 +9339,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6597 +#: book.translate.xml:6620 msgid "" "In this example, jru is a member " "of the groups jru and " @@ -9357,7 +9350,7 @@ "\">teamtwo 的成員。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6602 +#: book.translate.xml:6625 msgid "" "For more information about this command and the format of /etc/" "group, refer to pw5。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:6609 +#: book.translate.xml:6632 msgid "Permissions" msgstr "權限" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6611 +#: book.translate.xml:6634 msgid "UNIX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6615 +#: book.translate.xml:6638 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, every file and directory has an associated set of permissions " "and several utilities are available for viewing and modifying these " @@ -9395,7 +9388,7 @@ "無法不正確的存取供作業系統或其他使用者擁有的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6623 +#: book.translate.xml:6646 msgid "" "This section discusses the traditional UNIX permissions used in FreeBSD. For finer grained file system access " @@ -9406,7 +9399,7 @@ ">。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6627 +#: book.translate.xml:6650 msgid "" "In UNIX, basic permissions are " "assigned using three types of access: read, write, and execute. These access " @@ -9430,7 +9423,7 @@ "literal> 以及 x 開啟的值為 1。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6642 +#: book.translate.xml:6665 msgid "" "Table 4.1 summarizes the possible numeric and alphabetic possibilities. When " "reading the Directory Listing column, a - " @@ -9440,183 +9433,183 @@ "位時，- 用來代表該權限設為關閉。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6647 +#: book.translate.xml:6670 msgid "permissions" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6650 +#: book.translate.xml:6673 msgid "file permissions" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:6655 +#: book.translate.xml:6678 msgid "UNIX Permissions" msgstr "UNIX 權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6660 +#: book.translate.xml:6683 msgid "Value" msgstr "數值" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6661 +#: book.translate.xml:6684 msgid "Permission" msgstr "權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6662 +#: book.translate.xml:6685 msgid "Directory Listing" msgstr "目錄清單標示" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6668 +#: book.translate.xml:6691 msgid "0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6669 +#: book.translate.xml:6692 msgid "No read, no write, no execute" msgstr "不可讀取, 不可寫入, 不可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6670 +#: book.translate.xml:6693 msgid "---" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6674 book.translate.xml:46548 book.translate.xml:46570 -#: book.translate.xml:46660 +#: book.translate.xml:6697 book.translate.xml:46933 book.translate.xml:46955 +#: book.translate.xml:47045 msgid "1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6675 +#: book.translate.xml:6698 msgid "No read, no write, execute" msgstr "不可讀取, 不可寫入, 可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6676 +#: book.translate.xml:6699 msgid "--x" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6680 book.translate.xml:46440 book.translate.xml:46450 -#: book.translate.xml:46522 book.translate.xml:46532 book.translate.xml:46612 -#: book.translate.xml:46614 +#: book.translate.xml:6703 book.translate.xml:46825 book.translate.xml:46835 +#: book.translate.xml:46907 book.translate.xml:46917 book.translate.xml:46997 +#: book.translate.xml:46999 msgid "2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6681 +#: book.translate.xml:6704 msgid "No read, write, no execute" msgstr "不可讀取, 可寫入, 不可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6682 +#: book.translate.xml:6705 msgid "-w-" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6686 book.translate.xml:46442 book.translate.xml:46448 -#: book.translate.xml:46524 book.translate.xml:46530 book.translate.xml:46620 -#: book.translate.xml:46622 +#: book.translate.xml:6709 book.translate.xml:46827 book.translate.xml:46833 +#: book.translate.xml:46909 book.translate.xml:46915 book.translate.xml:47005 +#: book.translate.xml:47007 msgid "3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6687 +#: book.translate.xml:6710 msgid "No read, write, execute" msgstr "不可讀取, 可寫入, 可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6688 +#: book.translate.xml:6711 msgid "-wx" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6692 book.translate.xml:46456 book.translate.xml:46466 -#: book.translate.xml:46538 book.translate.xml:46546 book.translate.xml:46564 -#: book.translate.xml:46572 book.translate.xml:46628 book.translate.xml:46636 -#: book.translate.xml:46678 +#: book.translate.xml:6715 book.translate.xml:46841 book.translate.xml:46851 +#: book.translate.xml:46923 book.translate.xml:46931 book.translate.xml:46949 +#: book.translate.xml:46957 book.translate.xml:47013 book.translate.xml:47021 +#: book.translate.xml:47063 msgid "4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6693 +#: book.translate.xml:6716 msgid "Read, no write, no execute" msgstr "可讀取, 不可寫入, 不可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6694 +#: book.translate.xml:6717 msgid "r--" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6698 book.translate.xml:46458 book.translate.xml:46464 -#: book.translate.xml:46554 book.translate.xml:46556 book.translate.xml:46644 -#: book.translate.xml:46670 +#: book.translate.xml:6721 book.translate.xml:46843 book.translate.xml:46849 +#: book.translate.xml:46939 book.translate.xml:46941 book.translate.xml:47029 +#: book.translate.xml:47055 msgid "5" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6699 +#: book.translate.xml:6722 msgid "Read, no write, execute" msgstr "可讀取, 不可寫入, 可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6700 +#: book.translate.xml:6723 msgid "r-x" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6704 book.translate.xml:46474 book.translate.xml:46488 -#: book.translate.xml:46540 book.translate.xml:46562 book.translate.xml:46630 -#: book.translate.xml:46652 +#: book.translate.xml:6727 book.translate.xml:46859 book.translate.xml:46873 +#: book.translate.xml:46925 book.translate.xml:46947 book.translate.xml:47015 +#: book.translate.xml:47037 msgid "6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6705 +#: book.translate.xml:6728 msgid "Read, write, no execute" msgstr "可讀取, 可寫入, 不可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6706 +#: book.translate.xml:6729 msgid "rw-" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6710 book.translate.xml:46432 book.translate.xml:46434 -#: book.translate.xml:46578 book.translate.xml:46588 book.translate.xml:46646 -#: book.translate.xml:46668 +#: book.translate.xml:6733 book.translate.xml:46817 book.translate.xml:46819 +#: book.translate.xml:46963 book.translate.xml:46973 book.translate.xml:47031 +#: book.translate.xml:47053 msgid "7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6711 +#: book.translate.xml:6734 msgid "Read, write, execute" msgstr "可讀取, 可寫入, 可執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6712 +#: book.translate.xml:6735 msgid "rwx" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6718 +#: book.translate.xml:6741 msgid "" "ls1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6721 +#: book.translate.xml:6744 msgid "directories" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6725 +#: book.translate.xml:6748 msgid "" "Use the argument to ls1 to view a long " @@ -9630,7 +9623,7 @@ "一個目錄底下執行 ls -l，會顯示如下的結果：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6731 +#: book.translate.xml:6754 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ls -l\n" @@ -9641,7 +9634,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6737 +#: book.translate.xml:6760 msgid "" "The first (leftmost) character in the first column indicates whether this " "file is a regular file, a directory, a special character device, a socket, " @@ -9668,7 +9661,7 @@ "案的三種權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6754 +#: book.translate.xml:6777 msgid "" "How does the system control permissions on devices? FreeBSD treats most " "hardware devices as a file that programs can open, read, and write data to. " @@ -9679,7 +9672,7 @@ " 目錄中。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6759 +#: book.translate.xml:6782 msgid "" "Directories are also treated as files. They have read, write, and execute " "permissions. The executable bit for a directory has a slightly different " @@ -9695,7 +9688,7 @@ "代表能夠存取在此目錄之中的已知檔名的檔案，但仍會受限於檔案本身所設定的權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6768 +#: book.translate.xml:6791 msgid "" "In order to perform a directory listing, the read permission must be set on " "the directory. In order to delete a file that one knows the name of, it is " @@ -9706,7 +9699,7 @@ "案所在目錄的寫入 以及 執行的權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:6774 +#: book.translate.xml:6797 msgid "" "There are more permission bits, but they are primarily used in special " "circumstances such as setuid binaries and sticky directories. For more " @@ -9720,27 +9713,27 @@ "citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:6781 +#: book.translate.xml:6804 msgid "Symbolic Permissions" msgstr "權限符號" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:6784 book.translate.xml:6919 book.translate.xml:6970 -#: book.translate.xml:19414 book.translate.xml:19521 book.translate.xml:19699 -#: book.translate.xml:20818 book.translate.xml:21344 book.translate.xml:23593 -#: book.translate.xml:34155 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:6807 book.translate.xml:6942 book.translate.xml:6993 +#: book.translate.xml:19433 book.translate.xml:19540 book.translate.xml:19718 +#: book.translate.xml:20837 book.translate.xml:21363 book.translate.xml:23612 +#: book.translate.xml:34174 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:6794 +#: book.translate.xml:6817 msgid "permissions symbolic" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6799 +#: book.translate.xml:6822 msgid "" "Symbolic permissions use characters instead of octal values to assign " "permissions to files or directories. Symbolic permissions use the syntax of " @@ -9750,159 +9743,159 @@ "符號表示的格式依序為 (某人)(動作)(權限)，可使用的符號如下：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6809 book.translate.xml:23319 +#: book.translate.xml:6832 book.translate.xml:23338 msgid "Option" msgstr "項目" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6810 +#: book.translate.xml:6833 msgid "Letter" msgstr "字母" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6811 +#: book.translate.xml:6834 msgid "Represents" msgstr "代表意義" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6817 book.translate.xml:6823 book.translate.xml:6829 -#: book.translate.xml:6835 +#: book.translate.xml:6840 book.translate.xml:6846 book.translate.xml:6852 +#: book.translate.xml:6858 msgid "(who)" msgstr "(某人)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6818 +#: book.translate.xml:6841 msgid "u" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6819 +#: book.translate.xml:6842 msgid "User" msgstr "使用者" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6824 +#: book.translate.xml:6847 msgid "g" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6825 +#: book.translate.xml:6848 msgid "Group owner" msgstr "群組所有者" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6830 +#: book.translate.xml:6853 msgid "o" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6831 +#: book.translate.xml:6854 msgid "Other" msgstr "其他" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6836 +#: book.translate.xml:6859 msgid "a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6837 +#: book.translate.xml:6860 msgid "All (world)" msgstr "全部 (world)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6841 book.translate.xml:6847 book.translate.xml:6853 +#: book.translate.xml:6864 book.translate.xml:6870 book.translate.xml:6876 msgid "(action)" msgstr "(動作)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6842 book.translate.xml:31589 book.translate.xml:39448 +#: book.translate.xml:6865 book.translate.xml:31608 book.translate.xml:39499 msgid "+" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6843 +#: book.translate.xml:6866 msgid "Adding permissions" msgstr "\t增加權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6848 book.translate.xml:31594 book.translate.xml:39453 +#: book.translate.xml:6871 book.translate.xml:31613 book.translate.xml:39504 msgid "-" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6849 +#: book.translate.xml:6872 msgid "Removing permissions" msgstr "移除權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6854 +#: book.translate.xml:6877 msgid "=" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6855 +#: book.translate.xml:6878 msgid "Explicitly set permissions" msgstr "指定權限" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6859 book.translate.xml:6865 book.translate.xml:6871 -#: book.translate.xml:6877 book.translate.xml:6883 +#: book.translate.xml:6882 book.translate.xml:6888 book.translate.xml:6894 +#: book.translate.xml:6900 book.translate.xml:6906 msgid "(permissions)" msgstr "(權限)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6860 +#: book.translate.xml:6883 msgid "r" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6861 +#: book.translate.xml:6884 msgid "Read" msgstr "讀取" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6866 +#: book.translate.xml:6889 msgid "w" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6867 +#: book.translate.xml:6890 msgid "Write" msgstr "寫入" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6872 +#: book.translate.xml:6895 msgid "x" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6873 +#: book.translate.xml:6896 msgid "Execute" msgstr "執行" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6878 +#: book.translate.xml:6901 msgid "t" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6879 +#: book.translate.xml:6902 msgid "Sticky bit" msgstr "Sticky 位元" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6884 +#: book.translate.xml:6907 msgid "s" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:6885 +#: book.translate.xml:6908 msgid "Set UID or GID" msgstr "設定 UID 或 GID" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6891 +#: book.translate.xml:6914 msgid "" "These values are used with chmod1, but with letters " @@ -9915,13 +9908,13 @@ "FILE：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6896 +#: book.translate.xml:6919 #, no-wrap msgid "% chmod go= FILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6898 +#: book.translate.xml:6921 msgid "" "A comma separated list can be provided when more than one set of changes to " "a file must be made. For example, the following command removes the group " @@ -9933,18 +9926,18 @@ "(world) 對該檔有執行權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6905 +#: book.translate.xml:6928 #, no-wrap msgid "% chmod go-w,a+x FILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:6916 +#: book.translate.xml:6939 msgid "FreeBSD File Flags" msgstr "FreeBSD 檔案旗標" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6929 +#: book.translate.xml:6952 msgid "" "In addition to file permissions, FreeBSD supports the use of file " "flags. These flags add an additional level of security and control " @@ -9957,7 +9950,7 @@ "root 不會意外將檔案修改或移除。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6936 +#: book.translate.xml:6959 msgid "" "File flags are modified using chflags1. For example, to " @@ -9970,13 +9963,13 @@ "file1，使用下列指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6941 +#: book.translate.xml:6964 #, no-wrap msgid "# chflags sunlink file1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6943 +#: book.translate.xml:6966 msgid "" "To disable the system undeletable flag, put a no in front of " "the :" @@ -9985,13 +9978,13 @@ "no，例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6947 +#: book.translate.xml:6970 #, no-wrap msgid "# chflags nosunlink file1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6949 +#: book.translate.xml:6972 msgid "" "To view the flags of a file, use with " "ls1 及參數 可檢視檔案目前的旗標：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:6952 +#: book.translate.xml:6975 #, no-wrap msgid "# ls -lo file1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:6954 +#: book.translate.xml:6977 #, no-wrap msgid "-rw-r--r-- 1 trhodes trhodes sunlnk 0 Mar 1 05:54 file1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6956 +#: book.translate.xml:6979 msgid "" "Several file flags may only be added or removed by the root user. In other cases, the file owner may set " @@ -10029,7 +10022,7 @@ "refentrytitle>2 說明以瞭解相關細節。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:6965 +#: book.translate.xml:6988 msgid "" "The setuid, setgid, and " "sticky Permissions" @@ -10038,7 +10031,7 @@ "literal> 權限" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6980 +#: book.translate.xml:7003 msgid "" "Other than the permissions already discussed, there are three other specific " "settings that all administrators should know about. They are the " @@ -10050,7 +10043,7 @@ "sticky 權限。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6986 +#: book.translate.xml:7009 msgid "" "These settings are important for some UNIX operations as they provide functionality not normally granted to " @@ -10062,7 +10055,7 @@ "說明真實使用者 ID (Real user ID) 與有效使用者 ID (Effective user ID) 的差異。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:6991 +#: book.translate.xml:7014 msgid "" "The real user ID is the UID who owns or starts the " "process. The effective UID is the user ID the process " @@ -10082,20 +10075,20 @@ "(Permission Denied) 的錯誤。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7001 +#: book.translate.xml:7024 msgid "" "The setuid permission may be set by prefixing a permission set with the " "number four (4) as shown in the following example:" msgstr "setuid 權限可以透過在權限集前加上數字 (4) 來設定，如下範例所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7005 +#: book.translate.xml:7028 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 4755 suidexample.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7007 +#: book.translate.xml:7030 msgid "" "The permissions on suidexample.sh now look like the following:" @@ -10104,13 +10097,13 @@ "如下所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:7011 +#: book.translate.xml:7034 #, no-wrap msgid "-rwsr-xr-x 1 trhodes trhodes 63 Aug 29 06:36 suidexample.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7013 +#: book.translate.xml:7036 msgid "" "Note that a s is now part of the permission set " "designated for the file owner, replacing the executable bit. This allows " @@ -10123,7 +10116,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1 可正常使用。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:7019 +#: book.translate.xml:7042 msgid "" "The nosuid mount8 option will cause such " @@ -10137,7 +10130,7 @@ "該選項並非完全可靠。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7026 +#: book.translate.xml:7049 msgid "" "To view this in real time, open two terminals. On one, type passwd as a normal user. While it waits for a new password, check the " @@ -10151,12 +10144,12 @@ "citerefentry> 程序的使用者資訊：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7032 +#: book.translate.xml:7055 msgid "In terminal A:" msgstr "於終端機 A：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7034 +#: book.translate.xml:7057 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Changing local password for trhodes\n" @@ -10164,18 +10157,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7037 +#: book.translate.xml:7060 msgid "In terminal B:" msgstr "於終端機 B：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7039 +#: book.translate.xml:7062 #, no-wrap msgid "# ps aux | grep passwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7041 +#: book.translate.xml:7064 #, no-wrap msgid "" "trhodes 5232 0.0 0.2 3420 1608 0 R+ 2:10AM 0:00.00 grep passwd\n" @@ -10183,7 +10176,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7044 +#: book.translate.xml:7067 msgid "" "Although passwd1 is run as a normal user, it is using the effective " @@ -10195,7 +10188,7 @@ "acronym>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7048 +#: book.translate.xml:7071 msgid "" "The setgid permission performs the same function as the " "setuid permission; except that it alters the group " @@ -10208,7 +10201,7 @@ "使用者。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7055 +#: book.translate.xml:7078 msgid "" "To set the setgid permission on a file, provide " "chmod1 的參數前加上 (2)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7058 +#: book.translate.xml:7081 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 2755 sgidexample.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7060 +#: book.translate.xml:7083 msgid "" "In the following listing, notice that the s is now in the " "field designated for the group permission settings:" msgstr "注意以下清單中，s 現在位於指定群組權限設定的欄位：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7064 +#: book.translate.xml:7087 #, no-wrap msgid "-rwxr-sr-x 1 trhodes trhodes 44 Aug 31 01:49 sgidexample.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:7067 +#: book.translate.xml:7090 msgid "" "In these examples, even though the shell script in question is an executable " "file, it will not run with a different EUID or effective " @@ -10252,7 +10245,7 @@ "manvolnum> 系統呼叫 (System call)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7074 +#: book.translate.xml:7097 msgid "" "The setuid and setgid permission bits " "may lower system security, by allowing for elevated permissions. The third " @@ -10264,7 +10257,7 @@ "literal>，可以加強系統的安全性。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7080 +#: book.translate.xml:7103 msgid "" "When the sticky bit is set on a directory, it allows file " "deletion only by the file owner. This is useful to prevent file deletion in " @@ -10277,13 +10270,13 @@ "非常有用。要使用這個權限，可在權限集前加上 (1)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7087 +#: book.translate.xml:7110 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 1777 /tmp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7089 +#: book.translate.xml:7112 msgid "" "The sticky bit permission will display as a t at the very end of the permission set:" @@ -10292,29 +10285,29 @@ "後：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7093 +#: book.translate.xml:7116 #, no-wrap msgid "# ls -al / | grep tmp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:7095 +#: book.translate.xml:7118 #, no-wrap msgid "drwxrwxrwt 10 root wheel 512 Aug 31 01:49 tmp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:7101 +#: book.translate.xml:7124 msgid "Directory Structure" msgstr "目錄結構" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7103 +#: book.translate.xml:7126 msgid "directory hierarchy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7107 +#: book.translate.xml:7130 msgid "" "The FreeBSD directory hierarchy is fundamental to obtaining an overall " "understanding of the system. The most important directory is root or, " @@ -10329,7 +10322,7 @@ "會有開機所會用到必備檔案。 此外，根目錄還有紀錄其他檔案系統的掛載點相關設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7116 +#: book.translate.xml:7139 msgid "" "A mount point is a directory where additional file systems can be grafted " "onto a parent file system (usually the root file system). This is further " @@ -10356,7 +10349,7 @@ "option> 選項。 其中細節說明可參閱 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7131 +#: book.translate.xml:7154 msgid "" "A complete description of the file system hierarchy is available in " "hier7/bin/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7152 +#: book.translate.xml:7175 msgid "" "User utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments." msgstr "" "單使用者 (Single-user)、多使用者 (Multi-user) 兩種模式皆可使用的基本工具 。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7157 +#: book.translate.xml:7180 msgid "/boot/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7158 +#: book.translate.xml:7181 msgid "" "Programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap." msgstr "作業系統開機過程會用到的程式、設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7163 +#: book.translate.xml:7186 msgid "/boot/defaults/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7164 +#: book.translate.xml:7187 msgid "" "Default boot configuration files. Refer to " "loader.conf55。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7169 +#: book.translate.xml:7192 msgid "/dev/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7170 +#: book.translate.xml:7193 msgid "" "Device nodes. Refer to intro4 for details." @@ -10431,22 +10424,22 @@ "refentrytitle>4。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7175 +#: book.translate.xml:7198 msgid "/etc/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7176 +#: book.translate.xml:7199 msgid "System configuration files and scripts." msgstr "系統設定檔及一些 Script 檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7180 +#: book.translate.xml:7203 msgid "/etc/defaults/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7181 +#: book.translate.xml:7204 msgid "" "Default system configuration files. Refer to " "rc88。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7186 +#: book.translate.xml:7209 msgid "/etc/mail/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7187 +#: book.translate.xml:7210 msgid "" "Configuration files for mail transport agents such as " "sendmail88 的相關設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7192 +#: book.translate.xml:7215 msgid "/etc/namedb/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7193 +#: book.translate.xml:7216 msgid "" "named8 configuration files." @@ -10485,12 +10478,12 @@ "citerefentry> 設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7197 +#: book.translate.xml:7220 msgid "/etc/periodic/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7198 +#: book.translate.xml:7221 msgid "" "Scripts that run daily, weekly, and monthly, via " "cron88。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7204 +#: book.translate.xml:7227 msgid "/etc/ppp/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7205 +#: book.translate.xml:7228 msgid "" "ppp8 configuration files." @@ -10517,24 +10510,24 @@ "citerefentry> 設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7209 +#: book.translate.xml:7232 msgid "/mnt/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7210 +#: book.translate.xml:7233 msgid "" "Empty directory commonly used by system administrators as a temporary mount " "point." msgstr "系統管理者慣用充當臨時掛載點的空目錄。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7215 +#: book.translate.xml:7238 msgid "/proc/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7216 +#: book.translate.xml:7239 msgid "" "Process file system. Refer to procfs5, " @@ -10547,12 +10540,12 @@ "manvolnum>。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7221 +#: book.translate.xml:7244 msgid "/rescue/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7222 +#: book.translate.xml:7245 msgid "" "Statically linked programs for emergency recovery as described in " "rescue8。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7227 +#: book.translate.xml:7250 msgid "/root/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7228 +#: book.translate.xml:7251 msgid "" "Home directory for the root " "account." msgstr "root 帳號的家目錄。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7234 +#: book.translate.xml:7257 msgid "/sbin/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7235 +#: book.translate.xml:7258 msgid "" "System programs and administration utilities fundamental to both single-user " "and multi-user environments." @@ -10589,12 +10582,12 @@ "具 。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7241 +#: book.translate.xml:7264 msgid "/tmp/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7242 +#: book.translate.xml:7265 msgid "" "Temporary files which are usually not preserved across " "a system reboot. A memory-based file system is often mounted at /" @@ -10613,72 +10606,72 @@ "refentrytitle>8)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7252 +#: book.translate.xml:7275 msgid "/usr/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7253 +#: book.translate.xml:7276 msgid "The majority of user utilities and applications." msgstr "主要是使用者所安裝的工具程式、應用程式存放處。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7258 +#: book.translate.xml:7281 msgid "/usr/bin/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7259 +#: book.translate.xml:7282 msgid "Common utilities, programming tools, and applications." msgstr "常用工具、開發工具、應用軟體。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7264 +#: book.translate.xml:7287 msgid "/usr/include/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7265 +#: book.translate.xml:7288 msgid "Standard C include files." msgstr "標準 C include 檔案。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7269 +#: book.translate.xml:7292 msgid "/usr/lib/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7270 +#: book.translate.xml:7293 msgid "Archive libraries." msgstr "程式庫存放處。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7275 +#: book.translate.xml:7298 msgid "/usr/libdata/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7276 +#: book.translate.xml:7299 msgid "Miscellaneous utility data files." msgstr "其他各式工具的資料檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7280 +#: book.translate.xml:7303 msgid "/usr/libexec/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7281 +#: book.translate.xml:7304 msgid "System daemons and system utilities executed by other programs." msgstr "系統 Daemon 及系統工具程式 (透過其他程式來執行)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7286 +#: book.translate.xml:7309 msgid "/usr/local/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7287 +#: book.translate.xml:7310 msgid "" "Local executables and libraries. Also used as the default destination for " "the FreeBSD ports framework. Within /usr/local, the " @@ -10698,64 +10691,64 @@ "port。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7300 +#: book.translate.xml:7323 msgid "/usr/obj/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7301 +#: book.translate.xml:7324 msgid "" "Architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/" "src tree." msgstr "在編譯 /usr/src 目錄時所產生的相關架構目地檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7307 +#: book.translate.xml:7330 msgid "/usr/ports/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7308 +#: book.translate.xml:7331 msgid "The FreeBSD Ports Collection (optional)." msgstr "FreeBSD Port 套件集 (選用)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7312 +#: book.translate.xml:7335 msgid "/usr/sbin/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7313 +#: book.translate.xml:7336 msgid "System daemons and system utilities executed by users." msgstr "由使用者執行的系統 Daemon 及系統工具。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7318 +#: book.translate.xml:7341 msgid "/usr/share/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7319 +#: book.translate.xml:7342 msgid "Architecture-independent files." msgstr "各架構皆共通的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7323 +#: book.translate.xml:7346 msgid "/usr/src/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7324 +#: book.translate.xml:7347 msgid "BSD and/or local source files." msgstr "BSD 原始碼 (或自行新增的)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7328 +#: book.translate.xml:7351 msgid "/var/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7329 +#: book.translate.xml:7352 msgid "" "Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files. A memory-based " "file system is sometimes mounted at /var. This can be " @@ -10774,42 +10767,42 @@ "citerefentry>)。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7340 +#: book.translate.xml:7363 msgid "/var/log/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7341 +#: book.translate.xml:7364 msgid "Miscellaneous system log files." msgstr "各項系統記錄的日誌 (Log) 檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7345 +#: book.translate.xml:7368 msgid "/var/mail/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7346 +#: book.translate.xml:7369 msgid "User mailbox files." msgstr "各使用者的郵件 (Mailbox) 檔案。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7350 +#: book.translate.xml:7373 msgid "/var/spool/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7351 +#: book.translate.xml:7374 msgid "Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories." msgstr "各種印表機、郵件系統的緩衝 (Spool) 目錄。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7356 +#: book.translate.xml:7379 msgid "/var/tmp/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7357 +#: book.translate.xml:7380 msgid "" "Temporary files which are usually preserved across a system reboot, unless " "/var is a memory-based file system." @@ -10818,22 +10811,22 @@ "屬於以記憶體為基礎 (Memory-based) 的檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7364 +#: book.translate.xml:7387 msgid "/var/yp/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7365 +#: book.translate.xml:7388 msgid "NIS maps." msgstr "NIS 對應表。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:7373 +#: book.translate.xml:7396 msgid "Disk Organization" msgstr "磁碟組織" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7375 +#: book.translate.xml:7398 msgid "" "The smallest unit of organization that FreeBSD uses to find files is the " "filename. Filenames are case-sensitive, which means that readme." @@ -10847,7 +10840,7 @@ "他類型的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7382 +#: book.translate.xml:7405 msgid "" "Files are stored in directories. A directory may contain no files, or it may " "contain many hundreds of files. A directory can also contain other " @@ -10858,7 +10851,7 @@ "中也可以包含其他的目錄； 您可以建立階層式的目錄以便資料的管理。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7388 +#: book.translate.xml:7411 msgid "" "Files and directories are referenced by giving the file or directory name, " "followed by a forward slash, /, followed by any other " @@ -10883,7 +10876,7 @@ "c:\\foo\\bar\\readme.txt 這種路徑。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7403 +#: book.translate.xml:7426 msgid "" "Directories and files are stored in a file system. Each file system contains " "exactly one directory at the very top level, called the root " @@ -10902,7 +10895,7 @@ "個磁碟，所有目錄都會成為該磁碟的一部份。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7414 +#: book.translate.xml:7437 msgid "" "Consider three file systems, called A, B, and C. Each file system has one root directory, " @@ -10916,7 +10909,7 @@ "B2 及 C1, C2)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7421 +#: book.translate.xml:7444 msgid "" "Call A the root file system. If " "ls1B on to the directory A1B1 or B2 " "directories can be reached with the path /A1/B1 or " @@ -11004,7 +10997,7 @@ "literal> 被卸載 (Unmount) 後才會再顯現出來。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7475 +#: book.translate.xml:7498 msgid "" "If B had been mounted on A2 then the " "diagram would look like this:" @@ -11016,13 +11009,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:7481 +#: book.translate.xml:7504 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='basics/example-dir3' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout -#: book.translate.xml:7485 +#: book.translate.xml:7508 #, no-wrap msgid "" " /\n" @@ -11037,7 +11030,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7497 +#: book.translate.xml:7520 msgid "" "and the paths would be /A2/B1 and /A2/B2 respectively." @@ -11045,7 +11038,7 @@ "上面的路徑分別為 /A2/B1 及 /A2/B2。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7502 +#: book.translate.xml:7525 msgid "" "File systems can be mounted on top of one another. Continuing the last " "example, the C file system could be mounted on top of the " @@ -11061,13 +11054,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:7510 +#: book.translate.xml:7533 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='basics/example-dir4' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout -#: book.translate.xml:7514 +#: book.translate.xml:7537 #, no-wrap msgid "" " /\n" @@ -11086,7 +11079,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7530 +#: book.translate.xml:7553 msgid "" "Or C could be mounted directly on to the A file system, under the A1 directory:" @@ -11099,13 +11092,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:7536 +#: book.translate.xml:7559 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='basics/example-dir5' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout -#: book.translate.xml:7540 +#: book.translate.xml:7563 #, no-wrap msgid "" " /\n" @@ -11124,7 +11117,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7556 +#: book.translate.xml:7579 msgid "" "It is entirely possible to have one large root file system, and not need to " "create any others. There are some drawbacks to this approach, and one " @@ -11134,12 +11127,12 @@ "處。" #. (itstool) path: itemizedlist/title -#: book.translate.xml:7561 +#: book.translate.xml:7584 msgid "Benefits of Multiple File Systems" msgstr "使用多個檔案系統的好處" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7564 +#: book.translate.xml:7587 msgid "" "Different file systems can have different mount options. For example, the root file system can be mounted read-only, " @@ -11158,7 +11151,7 @@ "guid 位元失效，可讓系統更安全。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7578 +#: book.translate.xml:7601 msgid "" "FreeBSD automatically optimizes the layout of files on a file system, " "depending on how the file system is being used. So a file system that " @@ -11171,7 +11164,7 @@ "如果您只有單一個大的檔案系統，這部分就沒用了。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7587 +#: book.translate.xml:7610 msgid "" "FreeBSD's file systems are robust if power is lost. However, a power loss at " "a critical point could still damage the structure of the file system. By " @@ -11183,12 +11176,12 @@ "以便您在需要的時候將備份資料回存回來。" #. (itstool) path: itemizedlist/title -#: book.translate.xml:7597 +#: book.translate.xml:7620 msgid "Benefit of a Single File System" msgstr "使用單一檔案系統的好處" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7600 +#: book.translate.xml:7623 msgid "" "File systems are a fixed size. If you create a file system when you install " "FreeBSD and give it a specific size, you may later discover that you need to " @@ -11201,7 +11194,7 @@ "的大小，然後將備份回存回來。" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:7608 +#: book.translate.xml:7631 msgid "" "FreeBSD features the growfs8 command, which makes " @@ -11212,7 +11205,7 @@ "manvolnum> 指令可以突破此限制直接變更檔案系統的大小。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7615 +#: book.translate.xml:7638 msgid "" "File systems are contained in partitions. This does not have the same " "meaning as the common usage of the term partition (for example, swap space to " "provide virtual memory. This allows your computer to " @@ -11246,47 +11239,47 @@ "移到交換空間，然後在用到的時候移回去 (同時移出部份沒用到的)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7634 +#: book.translate.xml:7657 msgid "Some partitions have certain conventions associated with them." msgstr "部份分區有使用的慣例如下：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7644 +#: book.translate.xml:7667 msgid "Partition" msgstr "分區" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7645 +#: book.translate.xml:7668 msgid "Convention" msgstr "慣例" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7651 +#: book.translate.xml:7674 msgid "a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7652 +#: book.translate.xml:7675 msgid "Normally contains the root file system." msgstr "通常內含根檔案系統" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7656 +#: book.translate.xml:7679 msgid "b" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7657 +#: book.translate.xml:7680 msgid "Normally contains swap space." msgstr "通常內含交換空間" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7661 +#: book.translate.xml:7684 msgid "c" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7662 +#: book.translate.xml:7685 msgid "" "Normally the same size as the enclosing slice. This allows utilities that " "need to work on the entire slice, such as a bad block scanner, to work on " @@ -11298,12 +11291,12 @@ "執行。一般來說不會把檔案系統建立在這個分區。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7670 +#: book.translate.xml:7693 msgid "d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7671 +#: book.translate.xml:7694 msgid "" "Partition d used to have a special meaning associated " "with it, although that is now gone and d may work as any " @@ -11313,7 +11306,7 @@ "d 和一般的分區相同。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7680 +#: book.translate.xml:7703 msgid "" "Disks in FreeBSD are divided into slices, referred to in Windows as partitions, which are numbered from 1 " @@ -11325,22 +11318,22 @@ "再分成數個分區，每個分區內含檔案系統，且會使用字母來標示。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7685 +#: book.translate.xml:7708 msgid "slices" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7688 book.translate.xml:32059 book.translate.xml:32155 +#: book.translate.xml:7711 book.translate.xml:32078 book.translate.xml:32174 msgid "partitions" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7691 +#: book.translate.xml:7714 msgid "dangerously dedicated" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7695 +#: book.translate.xml:7718 msgid "" "Slice numbers follow the device name, prefixed with an s, " "starting at 1. So da0s1 is the first " @@ -11359,7 +11352,7 @@ "檔案系統使用的裝置 (Device) 上均會各別佔據一個切割區。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7705 +#: book.translate.xml:7728 msgid "" "Slices, dangerously dedicated physical drives, and other " "drives contain partitions, which are represented as " @@ -11379,7 +11372,7 @@ "三個切割區的第五個分區。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7718 +#: book.translate.xml:7741 msgid "" "Finally, each disk on the system is identified. A disk name starts with a " "code that indicates the type of disk, and then a number, indicating which " @@ -11391,7 +11384,7 @@ "始。常見的代碼可以參考 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7724 +#: book.translate.xml:7747 msgid "" "When referring to a partition, include the disk name, s, " "the slice number, and then the partition letter. Examples are shown in 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7729 +#: book.translate.xml:7752 msgid "" " shows a conceptual model of a " "disk layout." @@ -11410,7 +11403,7 @@ "對您有些幫助。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7732 +#: book.translate.xml:7755 msgid "" "When installing FreeBSD, configure the disk slices, create partitions within " "the slice to be used for FreeBSD, create a file system or swap space in each " @@ -11421,44 +11414,44 @@ "哪裡。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:7738 +#: book.translate.xml:7761 msgid "Disk Device Names" msgstr "磁碟裝置名稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7746 +#: book.translate.xml:7769 msgid "Drive Type" msgstr "磁碟機類型" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7747 +#: book.translate.xml:7770 msgid "Drive Device Name" msgstr "磁碟機裝置稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7753 +#: book.translate.xml:7776 msgid "SATA and IDE hard drives" msgstr "SATA 及 IDE 硬碟" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7755 +#: book.translate.xml:7778 msgid "ada or ad" msgstr "ada 或 ad" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7760 +#: book.translate.xml:7783 msgid "" "SCSI hard drives and USB storage " "devices" msgstr "SCSI 硬碟與 USB 儲存裝置" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7762 +#: book.translate.xml:7785 msgid "da" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7766 +#: book.translate.xml:7789 msgid "" "SATA and IDE CD-ROM " "drives" @@ -11467,37 +11460,37 @@ "光碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7768 +#: book.translate.xml:7791 msgid "cd or acd" msgstr "cd 或 acd" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7773 +#: book.translate.xml:7796 msgid "SCSI CD-ROM drives" msgstr "SCSI CD-ROM 光碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7775 +#: book.translate.xml:7798 msgid "cd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7779 +#: book.translate.xml:7802 msgid "Floppy drives" msgstr "軟碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7780 +#: book.translate.xml:7803 msgid "fd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7784 +#: book.translate.xml:7807 msgid "Assorted non-standard CD-ROM drives" msgstr "各種非標準 CD-ROM 光碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7786 +#: book.translate.xml:7809 msgid "" "mcd for Mitsumi CD-ROM and " "scd for Sony CD-ROM devices" @@ -11506,32 +11499,32 @@ "scd 代表 Sony CD-ROM 光碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7792 +#: book.translate.xml:7815 msgid "SCSI tape drives" msgstr "SCSI 磁帶機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7793 +#: book.translate.xml:7816 msgid "sa" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7797 +#: book.translate.xml:7820 msgid "IDE tape drives" msgstr "IDE 磁帶機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7798 +#: book.translate.xml:7821 msgid "ast" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7802 +#: book.translate.xml:7825 msgid "RAID drives" msgstr "RAID 磁碟機" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7803 +#: book.translate.xml:7826 msgid "" "Examples include aacd for Adaptec AdvancedRAID, mlxd and " @@ -11550,27 +11543,27 @@ "trademark> RAID." #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:7815 +#: book.translate.xml:7838 msgid "Sample Disk, Slice, and Partition Names" msgstr "磁碟、切割區及分區命名範例" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7824 +#: book.translate.xml:7847 msgid "Name" msgstr "名稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7825 book.translate.xml:62339 +#: book.translate.xml:7848 book.translate.xml:62722 msgid "Meaning" msgstr "意義" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7831 +#: book.translate.xml:7854 msgid "ada0s1a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7832 +#: book.translate.xml:7855 msgid "" "The first partition (a) on the first slice (s1) on the first SATA disk (ada0)的第一個分區(a) 。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7839 +#: book.translate.xml:7862 msgid "da1s2e" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:7840 +#: book.translate.xml:7863 msgid "" "The fifth partition (e) on the second slice (s2) on the second SCSI disk (da1)." @@ -11594,12 +11587,12 @@ "literal>) 的第五個分區 (e) 。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:7850 +#: book.translate.xml:7873 msgid "Conceptual Model of a Disk" msgstr "磁碟的概念模型" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:7852 +#: book.translate.xml:7875 msgid "" "This diagram shows FreeBSD's view of the first SATA disk " "attached to the system. Assume that the disk is 250 GB in size, and contains " @@ -11618,7 +11611,7 @@ "裝了 FreeBSD。 本範例中安裝的 FreeBSD 有四個資料分區及一個交換分區。" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:7862 +#: book.translate.xml:7885 msgid "" "The four partitions each hold a file system. Partition a " "is used for the root file system, d for /var//. /dev, /usr/usr/local 等。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7890 +#: book.translate.xml:7913 msgid "root file system" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7894 +#: book.translate.xml:7917 msgid "" "There are various reasons to house some of these directories on separate " "file systems. /var contains the directories " @@ -11683,7 +11676,7 @@ "filename> 中拉出來。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:7905 +#: book.translate.xml:7928 msgid "" "Another common reason to contain certain directory trees on other file " "systems is if they are to be housed on separate physical disks, or are " @@ -11695,18 +11688,18 @@ "\"network-nfs\"/> 或是光碟機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:7912 +#: book.translate.xml:7935 msgid "The fstab File" msgstr "fstab 檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:7914 +#: book.translate.xml:7937 msgid "" "file systems mounted with fstab" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:7919 +#: book.translate.xml:7942 msgid "" "During the boot process (), file systems listed in " "/etc/fstab are automatically mounted except for the " @@ -11718,39 +11711,39 @@ " 參數)。檔案內容的格式如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:7925 +#: book.translate.xml:7948 #, no-wrap msgid "device /mount-point fstype options dumpfreq passno" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:7929 +#: book.translate.xml:7952 msgid "device" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7931 +#: book.translate.xml:7954 msgid "" "An existing device name as explained in ." msgstr "已存在的裝置名稱，詳情請參閱 。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:7937 +#: book.translate.xml:7960 msgid "mount-point" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7940 +#: book.translate.xml:7963 msgid "An existing directory on which to mount the file system." msgstr "檔案系統要掛載到的目錄 (該目錄必須存在)。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:7946 +#: book.translate.xml:7969 msgid "fstype" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7949 +#: book.translate.xml:7972 msgid "" "The file system type to pass to mount8. The default FreeBSD " @@ -11761,12 +11754,12 @@ "檔案系統是 ufs。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:7956 +#: book.translate.xml:7979 msgid "options" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:7959 +#: book.translate.xml:7982 msgid "" "Either for read-write file systems, or 來先升級指定應用程式所有相依的 Port：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10239 +#: book.translate.xml:10262 #, no-wrap msgid "# portupgrade -R firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10241 +#: book.translate.xml:10264 msgid "" "If is included, Portupgrade " "searches for available packages in the local directories listed in " @@ -15826,13 +15819,13 @@ "可用時放棄安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10254 +#: book.translate.xml:10277 #, no-wrap msgid "# portupgrade -PP gnome3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10256 +#: book.translate.xml:10279 msgid "" "To just fetch the port distfiles, or packages, if is " "specified, without building or installing anything, use . " @@ -15844,7 +15837,7 @@ "command> 的操作手冊來取得所有可用選項的更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:10262 +#: book.translate.xml:10285 msgid "" "More information about ports-mgmt/portupgrade may be " "found in its pkg-descr." @@ -15853,17 +15846,17 @@ "pkg-descr 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10269 +#: book.translate.xml:10292 msgid "Ports and Disk Space" msgstr "Port 與磁碟空間" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:10271 +#: book.translate.xml:10294 msgid "ports disk-space" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10276 +#: book.translate.xml:10299 msgid "" "Using the Ports Collection will use up disk space over time. After building " "and installing a port, running make clean within the " @@ -15882,13 +15875,13 @@ "地複本中找到的 work 目錄：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10287 +#: book.translate.xml:10310 #, no-wrap msgid "# portsclean -C" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10289 +#: book.translate.xml:10312 msgid "" "In addition, outdated source distribution files accumulate in /usr/" "ports/distfiles over time. To use Portupgrade# portsclean -D" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10297 +#: book.translate.xml:10320 msgid "" "Portupgrade can remove all distfiles not " "referenced by any port currently installed on the system:" @@ -15915,31 +15908,31 @@ "Port 所引用的 distfiles：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10301 +#: book.translate.xml:10324 #, no-wrap msgid "# portsclean -DD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10303 +#: book.translate.xml:10326 msgid "If Portmaster is installed, use:" msgstr "若有安裝 Portmaster，則可使用：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10306 +#: book.translate.xml:10329 #, no-wrap msgid "# portmaster --clean-distfiles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10308 +#: book.translate.xml:10331 msgid "" "By default, this command is interactive and prompts the user to confirm if a " "distfile should be deleted." msgstr "預設，若 distfile 應要被刪除，這個指令會以互動的方式向使用者確認。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10311 +#: book.translate.xml:10334 msgid "" "In addition to these commands, ports-mgmt/pkg_cutleaves " "automates the task of removing installed ports that are no longer needed." @@ -15948,12 +15941,12 @@ "要使用的 Port。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10319 +#: book.translate.xml:10342 msgid "Building Packages with Poudriere" msgstr "使用 Poudriere 編譯套件" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10322 +#: book.translate.xml:10345 msgid "" "Poudriere is a BSD-licensed " "utility for creating and testing FreeBSD packages. It uses FreeBSD jails to " @@ -15974,7 +15967,7 @@ "用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10333 +#: book.translate.xml:10356 msgid "" "Poudriere is installed using the ports-mgmt/poudriere package or port. The installation " @@ -15989,7 +15982,7 @@ "的設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10341 +#: book.translate.xml:10364 msgid "" "While ZFS is not required on the system running " "poudriere, it is beneficial. When ZFSpoudriere so that " "it installs a jail with the required FreeBSD tree and a ports tree. Specify " @@ -16049,7 +16042,7 @@ "構。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10374 +#: book.translate.xml:10397 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# poudriere jail -c -j 10amd64 -v 10.0-RELEASE\n" @@ -16071,7 +16064,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10391 +#: book.translate.xml:10414 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# poudriere ports -c -p local\n" @@ -16106,7 +16099,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10421 +#: book.translate.xml:10444 msgid "" "On a single computer, poudriere can build ports " "with multiple configurations, in multiple jails, and from different port " @@ -16124,7 +16117,7 @@ "citerefentry> 中的 CUSTOMIZATION 章節來取得詳細的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10430 +#: book.translate.xml:10453 msgid "" "The basic configuration shown here puts a single jail-, port-, and set-" "specific make.conf in /usr/local/etc/" @@ -16142,7 +16135,7 @@ "併為編譯 Jail 要使用的 make.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10440 +#: book.translate.xml:10463 msgid "" "Packages to be built are entered in 10amd64-local-" "workstation-pkglist:" @@ -16151,7 +16144,7 @@ "replaceable>-pkglist：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:10443 +#: book.translate.xml:10466 #, no-wrap msgid "" "editors/emacs\n" @@ -16161,29 +16154,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10448 +#: book.translate.xml:10471 msgid "Options and dependencies for the specified ports are configured:" msgstr "可使用以下方式設定選項及相依：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10451 +#: book.translate.xml:10474 #, no-wrap msgid "# poudriere options -j 10amd64 -p local -z workstation -f 10amd64-local-workstation-pkglist" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10453 +#: book.translate.xml:10476 msgid "Finally, packages are built and a package repository is created:" msgstr "最後，編譯套件並建立套件檔案庫：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10456 +#: book.translate.xml:10479 #, no-wrap msgid "# poudriere bulk -j 10amd64 -p local -z workstation -f 10amd64-local-workstation-pkglist" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10458 +#: book.translate.xml:10481 msgid "" "While running, pressing Ctrlt displays the current state of the " @@ -16198,7 +16191,7 @@ "示編譯資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10465 +#: book.translate.xml:10488 msgid "" "After completion, the new packages are now available for installation from " "the poudriere repository." @@ -16207,7 +16200,7 @@ "裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10469 +#: book.translate.xml:10492 msgid "" "For more information on using poudriere, see " "poudriere。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10474 +#: book.translate.xml:10497 msgid "Configuring pkg Clients to Use a Poudriere Repository" msgstr "設定 pkg 客戶端使用 Poudriere 檔案庫" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10477 +#: book.translate.xml:10500 msgid "" "While it is possible to use both a custom repository along side of the " "official repository, sometimes it is useful to disable the official " @@ -16237,8 +16230,8 @@ "以透過建立一個設定檔覆蓋並關閉官方的設定檔來完成。建立 /usr/local/" "etc/pkg/repos/FreeBSD.conf 包含以下內容：" -#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10485 +#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting +#: book.translate.xml:10508 #, no-wrap msgid "" "FreeBSD: {\n" @@ -16247,7 +16240,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10489 +#: book.translate.xml:10512 msgid "" "Usually it is easiest to serve a poudriere repository to the client machines " "via HTTP. Set up a webserver to serve up the package directory, for " @@ -16261,7 +16254,7 @@ "filename> 是編譯的名稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10496 +#: book.translate.xml:10519 msgid "" "If the URL to the package repository is: http://pkg.example." "com/10amd64, then the repository configuration file in /" @@ -16271,8 +16264,8 @@ "literal>，則在 /usr/local/etc/pkg/repos/custom.conf 的檔" "案庫設定檔為：" -#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10502 +#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting +#: book.translate.xml:10525 #, no-wrap msgid "" "custom: {\n" @@ -16282,12 +16275,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10510 +#: book.translate.xml:10533 msgid "Post-Installation Considerations" msgstr "安裝後的注意事項" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10512 +#: book.translate.xml:10535 msgid "" "Regardless of whether the software was installed from a binary package or " "port, most third-party applications require some level of configuration " @@ -16298,7 +16291,7 @@ "設定，下列指令與位置可以用來協助找到應用程式安裝了什麼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10520 +#: book.translate.xml:10543 msgid "" "Most applications install at least one default configuration file in " "/usr/local/etc. In cases where an application has a " @@ -16315,7 +16308,7 @@ "除 .sample 副檔名。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10533 +#: book.translate.xml:10556 msgid "" "Applications which provide documentation will install it into /usr/" "local/share/doc and many applications also install manual pages. " @@ -16325,7 +16318,7 @@ "應用程式也同時會安裝操作手冊，在繼續使用應用程式前應先查看這些文件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10540 +#: book.translate.xml:10563 msgid "" "Some applications run services which must be added to /etc/rc." "conf before starting the application. These applications usually " @@ -16339,7 +16332,7 @@ "services\">啟動服務 來取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:10548 +#: book.translate.xml:10571 msgid "" "By design, applications do not run their startup script upon installation, " "nor do they run their stop script upon deinstallation or upgrade. This " @@ -16349,7 +16342,7 @@ "中止 Script，這留給各系統的管理者去做決定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10557 +#: book.translate.xml:10580 msgid "" "Users of csh1 should run rehash to rebuild " @@ -16360,7 +16353,7 @@ "單到 Shell 的 PATH。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10563 +#: book.translate.xml:10586 msgid "" "Use pkg info to determine which files, man pages, and " "binaries were installed with the application." @@ -16369,17 +16362,17 @@ "Binary。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10571 +#: book.translate.xml:10594 msgid "Dealing with Broken Ports" msgstr "處理損壞的 Port" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10573 +#: book.translate.xml:10596 msgid "When a port does not build or install, try the following:" msgstr "當發現某個 Port 無法順利編譯或安裝，可以嘗試以下幾種方法解決：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10578 +#: book.translate.xml:10601 msgid "" "Search to see if there is a fix pending for the port in the Problem Report database. If so, " @@ -16389,7 +16382,7 @@ "link> 看該 Port 有沒有待審核的修正，若有的話可以使用該修正來修正問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10585 +#: book.translate.xml:10608 msgid "" "Ask the maintainer of the port for help. Type make maintainer in the ports skeleton or read the port's Makefile 中的 $FreeBSD: 一整行及輸出的錯誤訊息。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:10595 +#: book.translate.xml:10618 msgid "" "Some ports are not maintained by an individual but instead by a group " "maintainer represented by a 都是，寄信時記得代入實際的論壇名稱。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:10601 +#: book.translate.xml:10624 msgid "" "In particular, ports maintained by ports@FreeBSD.org are not maintained by a specific individual. Instead, any fixes and " @@ -16431,7 +16424,7 @@ "提供，我們隨時歡迎志工參與!" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10609 +#: book.translate.xml:10632 msgid "" "If there is no response to the email, use Bugzilla to submit a bug report " "using the instructions in 的說明使用 Bugzilla 提出問題回報。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10616 +#: book.translate.xml:10639 msgid "" "Fix it! The Porter's Handbook includes detailed " @@ -16455,7 +16448,7 @@ "詳細資訊，可提供資訊讓您可修正偶然損壞的 Port 或甚至您可以提交之自己的 Port。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10623 +#: book.translate.xml:10646 msgid "" "Install the package instead of the port using the instructions in ." @@ -16464,12 +16457,12 @@ "安裝。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:10653 +#: book.translate.xml:10676 msgid "The X Window System" msgstr "X Window 系統" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10658 +#: book.translate.xml:10681 msgid "" "An installation of FreeBSD using bsdinstall does " "not automatically install a graphical user interface. This chapter describes " @@ -16484,7 +16477,7 @@ "面環境或視窗管理程式。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:10667 +#: book.translate.xml:10690 msgid "" "Users who prefer an installation method that automatically configures the " "Xorg and offers a choice of window managers " @@ -16495,7 +16488,7 @@ "理程式選項的使用者請參考 網站。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10674 +#: book.translate.xml:10697 msgid "" "For more information on the video hardware that Xorg supports, refer to the x." @@ -16505,25 +16498,25 @@ "xlink:href=\"http://www.x.org/\">x.org 網站。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10681 +#: book.translate.xml:10704 msgid "" "The various components of the X Window System, and how they interoperate." msgstr "組成 X Window 系統的各種元件以及它們是如何相互運作。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10686 +#: book.translate.xml:10709 msgid "How to install and configure Xorg." msgstr "如何安裝並設定 Xorg。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10691 +#: book.translate.xml:10714 msgid "" "How to install and configure several window managers and desktop " "environments." msgstr "如何安裝並設定各種視窗管理程式與桌面環境。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10696 +#: book.translate.xml:10719 msgid "" "How to use TrueType fonts in " "Xorg." @@ -16532,26 +16525,26 @@ "\">TrueType 字型。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10701 +#: book.translate.xml:10724 msgid "" "How to set up your system for graphical logins (XDM)." msgstr "如何設定系統以使用圖形化登入 (XDM)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10710 +#: book.translate.xml:10733 msgid "" "Know how to install additional third-party software as described in ." msgstr "了解如何依照 說明安裝其他第三方軟體。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10717 +#: book.translate.xml:10740 msgid "Terminology" msgstr "術語" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10719 +#: book.translate.xml:10742 msgid "" "While it is not necessary to understand all of the details of the various " "components in the X Window System and how they interact, some basic " @@ -16561,12 +16554,12 @@ "會更容易上手。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10726 +#: book.translate.xml:10749 msgid "X server" msgstr "X 伺服器 (X Server)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10729 +#: book.translate.xml:10752 msgid "" "X was designed from the beginning to be network-centric, and adopts a " "client-server model. In this model, the X serverX 客戶端 才是在桌機上面執行，實際上卻是相反。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10746 +#: book.translate.xml:10769 msgid "X client" msgstr "X 客戶端 (X Client)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10749 +#: book.translate.xml:10772 msgid "" "Each X application, such as XTerm or " "Firefox, is a client. A client " @@ -16606,7 +16599,7 @@ "者剛點選了確定按鈕。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10758 +#: book.translate.xml:10781 msgid "" "In a home or small office environment, the X server and the X clients " "commonly run on the same computer. It is also possible to run the X server " @@ -16619,12 +16612,12 @@ "式。 在這種情景，X 客戶端與伺服器之間的溝通就需透過網路來進行。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10768 +#: book.translate.xml:10791 msgid "window manager" msgstr "視窗管理程式 (Window Manager)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10771 +#: book.translate.xml:10794 msgid "" "X does not dictate what windows should look like on-screen, how to move them " "around with the mouse, which keystrokes should be used to move between " @@ -16648,7 +16641,7 @@ "套件集的 x11-wm 分類找到。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10787 +#: book.translate.xml:10810 msgid "" "Each window manager uses a different configuration mechanism. Some expect " "configuration file written by hand while others provide graphical tools for " @@ -16658,12 +16651,12 @@ "過圖型化工具來完成大部分的設定工作。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10795 +#: book.translate.xml:10818 msgid "desktop environment" msgstr "桌面環境 (Desktop Environment)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10798 +#: book.translate.xml:10821 msgid "" "KDE and GNOME are " "considered to be desktop environments as they include an entire suite of " @@ -16675,12 +16668,12 @@ "網頁瀏覽器及遊戲。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10807 +#: book.translate.xml:10830 msgid "focus policy" msgstr "聚焦政策 (Focus Policy)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10810 +#: book.translate.xml:10833 msgid "" "The window manager is responsible for the mouse focus policy. This policy " "provides some means for choosing which window is actively receiving " @@ -16691,7 +16684,7 @@ "入的視窗。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10816 +#: book.translate.xml:10839 msgid "" "One focus policy is called click-to-focus. In this model, a " "window becomes active upon receiving a mouse click. In the focus-" @@ -16717,7 +16710,7 @@ "收。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10834 +#: book.translate.xml:10857 msgid "" "Different window managers support different focus models. All of them " "support click-to-focus, and the majority of them also support other " @@ -16728,12 +16721,12 @@ "支援其他模式，請查看視窗管理程式的說明文件來了解可用的聚焦模式。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:10843 +#: book.translate.xml:10866 msgid "widgets" msgstr "視窗元件 (Widget)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:10846 +#: book.translate.xml:10869 msgid "" "Widget is a term for all of the items in the user interface that can be " "clicked or manipulated in some way. This includes buttons, check boxes, " @@ -16752,37 +16745,37 @@ "觀。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10863 +#: book.translate.xml:10886 msgid "Installing Xorg" msgstr "安裝 Xorg" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10865 +#: book.translate.xml:10888 msgid "" "On FreeBSD, Xorg can be installed as a package or " "port." msgstr "在 FreeBSD，Xorg 可透過套件或 Port 來安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10868 +#: book.translate.xml:10891 msgid "" "The binary package can be installed quickly but with fewer options for " "customization:" msgstr "使用 Binary 套件的安裝速度較快，但可用的自訂選項較少：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10871 +#: book.translate.xml:10894 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install xorg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10873 +#: book.translate.xml:10896 msgid "To build and install from the Ports Collection:" msgstr "要從 Port 套件集編譯與安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10875 +#: book.translate.xml:10898 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg\n" @@ -16790,7 +16783,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10878 +#: book.translate.xml:10901 msgid "" "Either of these installations results in the complete Xorg system being installed. Binary packages are the best option for " @@ -16800,7 +16793,7 @@ "較建議使用 Binary 套件安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:10882 +#: book.translate.xml:10905 msgid "" "A smaller version of the X system suitable for experienced users is " "available in x11/xorg-minimal. Most of the documents, " @@ -16812,36 +16805,36 @@ "程式會需要這些額外的元件才能運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10890 +#: book.translate.xml:10913 msgid "Xorg Configuration" msgstr "Xorg 設定" #. (itstool) path: info/author -#: book.translate.xml:10893 +#: book.translate.xml:10916 msgid "" " Warren Block Originally contributed by" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:10902 +#: book.translate.xml:10925 msgid "Xorg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:10903 +#: book.translate.xml:10926 msgid "Xorg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:10906 book.translate.xml:16933 book.translate.xml:45286 -#: book.translate.xml:62119 +#: book.translate.xml:10929 book.translate.xml:16955 book.translate.xml:45672 +#: book.translate.xml:62502 msgid "Quick Start" msgstr "快速開始" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10908 +#: book.translate.xml:10931 msgid "" "Xorg supports most common video cards, keyboards, " "and pointing devices." @@ -16849,7 +16842,7 @@ "Xorg 支援大多數常見的顯示卡、鍵盤以及指標裝置。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:10912 +#: book.translate.xml:10935 msgid "" "Video cards, monitors, and input devices are automatically detected and do " "not require any manual configuration. Do not create xorg.confXorg has been used on this computer before, " "move or remove any existing configuration files:" @@ -16870,7 +16863,7 @@ "名或移除：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10925 +#: book.translate.xml:10948 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf ~/xorg.conf.etc\n" @@ -16878,7 +16871,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:10930 +#: book.translate.xml:10953 msgid "" "Add the user who will run Xorg to the " "video or wheel group to enable 3D " @@ -16890,13 +16883,13 @@ "使用者 jru 到任一個可用的群組：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10938 +#: book.translate.xml:10961 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod video -m jru || pw groupmod wheel -m jru" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:10942 +#: book.translate.xml:10965 msgid "" "The TWM window manager is included by default. It is " "started when Xorg starts:" @@ -16905,13 +16898,13 @@ "application> 時便會啟動該視窗管理程式：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10946 +#: book.translate.xml:10969 #, no-wrap msgid "% startx" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:10950 +#: book.translate.xml:10973 msgid "" "On some older versions of FreeBSD, the system console must be set to " "vt4 才可正常運作，請參考 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10959 +#: book.translate.xml:10982 msgid "User Group for Accelerated Video" msgstr "可加速影像處理的使用者群組" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10961 +#: book.translate.xml:10984 msgid "" "Access to /dev/dri is needed to allow 3D acceleration " "on video cards. It is usually simplest to add the user who will be running X " @@ -16946,18 +16939,18 @@ "video 則會加入 wheel 群組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:10971 +#: book.translate.xml:10994 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod video -m slurms || pw groupmod wheel -m slurms" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:10975 +#: book.translate.xml:10998 msgid "Kernel Mode Setting (KMS)" msgstr "核心模式設定 (Kernel Mode Setting, KMS)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10977 +#: book.translate.xml:11000 msgid "" "When the computer switches from displaying the console to a higher screen " "resolution for X, it must set the video output mode. " @@ -16980,7 +16973,7 @@ "citerefentry> Console 可避免這個問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10988 +#: book.translate.xml:11011 msgid "" "Add this line to /boot/loader.conf to enable " "vt4：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:10991 +#: book.translate.xml:11014 #, no-wrap msgid "kern.vty=vt" msgstr "" @@ -16999,20 +16992,20 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: sect1/title #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:10995 book.translate.xml:21068 book.translate.xml:31629 -#: book.translate.xml:55268 +#: book.translate.xml:11018 book.translate.xml:21087 book.translate.xml:31648 +#: book.translate.xml:55653 msgid "Configuration Files" msgstr "設定檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:10997 +#: book.translate.xml:11020 msgid "" "Manual configuration is usually not necessary. Please do not manually create " "configuration files unless autoconfiguration does not work." msgstr "通常不需要做手動設置，除非自動設置無法運作，否則請不要手動建立設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:11004 +#: book.translate.xml:11027 msgid "" "Xorg looks in several directories for " "configuration files. /usr/local/etc/X11/ is the " @@ -17024,7 +17017,7 @@ "可以幫助將應用程式檔案與作業系統檔案分離。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:11011 +#: book.translate.xml:11034 msgid "" "Storing configuration files in the legacy /etc/X11/ " "still works. However, this mixes application files with the base FreeBSD " @@ -17034,12 +17027,12 @@ "程式檔案與基礎 FreeBSD 檔案混合在一起存放。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:11018 +#: book.translate.xml:11041 msgid "Single or Multiple Files" msgstr "單檔或多檔" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:11020 +#: book.translate.xml:11043 msgid "" "It is easier to use multiple files that each configure a specific setting " "than the traditional single xorg.conf. These files are " @@ -17053,12 +17046,12 @@ "d/。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:11028 +#: book.translate.xml:11051 msgid "Examples of these files are shown later in this section." msgstr "於本節稍後會有這些檔案的範例。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:11031 +#: book.translate.xml:11054 msgid "" "The traditional single xorg.conf still works, but is " "neither as clear nor as flexible as multiple files in the xorg." @@ -17068,17 +17061,17 @@ "xorg.conf.d/ 子目錄中的多檔設定方式較不明瞭且沒有彈性。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11039 +#: book.translate.xml:11062 msgid "Video Cards" msgstr "顯示卡" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11043 +#: book.translate.xml:11066 msgid "Intel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11046 +#: book.translate.xml:11069 msgid "" "3D acceleration is supported on most Intel graphics up to Ivy Bridge (HD Graphics 2500, 4000, and P4000), " @@ -17089,12 +17082,12 @@ "(HD Graphics) 與 Sandy Bridge (HD Graphics 2000)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11051 +#: book.translate.xml:11074 msgid "Driver name: intel" msgstr "驅動程式名稱：intel" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11053 +#: book.translate.xml:11076 msgid "" "For reference, see ." @@ -17103,24 +17096,24 @@ "List_of_Intel_graphics_processing_units\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11058 +#: book.translate.xml:11081 msgid "AMD Radeon" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11061 +#: book.translate.xml:11084 msgid "" "2D and 3D acceleration is supported on Radeon cards up to and including the " "HD6000 series." msgstr "Radeon 顯示卡支援 2D 及 3D 加速，最新到 HD6000 系列。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11064 +#: book.translate.xml:11087 msgid "Driver name: radeon" msgstr "驅動程式名稱：radeon" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11066 +#: book.translate.xml:11089 msgid "" "For reference, see ." @@ -17129,12 +17122,12 @@ "List_of_AMD_graphics_processing_units\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11071 +#: book.translate.xml:11094 msgid "NVIDIA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11074 +#: book.translate.xml:11097 msgid "" "Several NVIDIA drivers are available in the x11 " "category of the Ports Collection. Install the driver that matches the video " @@ -17144,7 +17137,7 @@ "得，請安裝其中與顯示卡相符的驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11079 +#: book.translate.xml:11102 msgid "" "For reference, see ." @@ -17153,12 +17146,12 @@ "List_of_Nvidia_graphics_processing_units\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11084 +#: book.translate.xml:11107 msgid "Hybrid Combination Graphics" msgstr "混合組合繪圖晶片" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11087 +#: book.translate.xml:11110 msgid "" "Some notebook computers add additional graphics processing units to those " "built into the chipset or processor. Optimus combines " @@ -17178,7 +17171,7 @@ "acronym>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11096 +#: book.translate.xml:11119 msgid "" "Implementations of these hybrid graphics systems vary, and " "Xorg on FreeBSD is not able to drive all versions " @@ -17188,7 +17181,7 @@ "尚無法驅動所有的混合繪圖系統版本。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11100 +#: book.translate.xml:11123 msgid "" "Some computers provide a BIOS option to disable one of " "the graphics adapters or select a discrete mode which " @@ -17205,7 +17198,7 @@ "class=\"registered\">Intel 驅動程式驅動。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11109 +#: book.translate.xml:11132 msgid "" "BIOS settings depend on the model of computer. In some " "situations, both GPUs can be left enabled, but creating a " @@ -17217,12 +17210,12 @@ "literal> 節只使用主要的 GPU 便能讓系統運作。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11120 +#: book.translate.xml:11143 msgid "Other Video Cards" msgstr "其他顯示卡" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11123 +#: book.translate.xml:11146 msgid "" "Drivers for some less-common video cards can be found in the x11-" "drivers directory of the Ports Collection." @@ -17231,7 +17224,7 @@ "目錄找到。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11127 +#: book.translate.xml:11150 msgid "" "Cards that are not supported by a specific driver might still be usable with " "the x11-drivers/xf86-video-vesa driver. This driver is " @@ -17247,7 +17240,7 @@ "式來驅動顯示卡。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11137 +#: book.translate.xml:11160 msgid "" "x11-drivers/xf86-video-scfb is a similar nonspecialized " "video driver that works on many UEFI and 的電腦上運作。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11144 +#: book.translate.xml:11167 msgid "Setting the Video Driver in a File" msgstr "在檔案中設定影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11147 +#: book.translate.xml:11170 msgid "" "To set the Intel driver in a " "configuration file:" @@ -17272,7 +17265,7 @@ "式：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11151 +#: book.translate.xml:11174 msgid "" "Select Intel Video Driver in a " "File" @@ -17280,12 +17273,12 @@ "在單檔中選擇 Intel 影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11153 +#: book.translate.xml:11176 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-intel.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11155 +#: book.translate.xml:11178 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -17296,7 +17289,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11161 +#: book.translate.xml:11184 msgid "" "If more than one video card is present, the BusID " "identifier can be uncommented and set to select the desired card. A list of " @@ -17308,22 +17301,22 @@ "lv | grep -B3 display 取得。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11169 +#: book.translate.xml:11192 msgid "To set the Radeon driver in a configuration file:" msgstr "要在設定檔設定使用 Radeon 驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11173 +#: book.translate.xml:11196 msgid "Select Radeon Video Driver in a File" msgstr "在單檔中選擇 Radeon 影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11175 +#: book.translate.xml:11198 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-radeon.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11177 +#: book.translate.xml:11200 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -17333,22 +17326,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11183 +#: book.translate.xml:11206 msgid "To set the VESA driver in a configuration file:" msgstr "要在設定檔設定使用 VESA 驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11187 +#: book.translate.xml:11210 msgid "Select VESA Video Driver in a File" msgstr "在單檔中選擇 VESA 影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11190 +#: book.translate.xml:11213 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-vesa.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11192 +#: book.translate.xml:11215 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -17358,7 +17351,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11198 +#: book.translate.xml:11221 msgid "" "To set the scfb driver for use with a UEFI or ARM computer:" @@ -17367,17 +17360,17 @@ "trademark> 電腦使用 scfb 驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11202 +#: book.translate.xml:11225 msgid "Select scfb Video Driver in a File" msgstr "在單檔中選擇 scfb 影像驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11205 +#: book.translate.xml:11228 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-scfb.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11207 +#: book.translate.xml:11230 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -17387,12 +17380,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11218 +#: book.translate.xml:11241 msgid "Monitors" msgstr "顯示器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11220 +#: book.translate.xml:11243 msgid "" "Almost all monitors support the Extended Display Identification Data " "standard (EDID). Xorg uses " @@ -17406,7 +17399,7 @@ "適合的設定組合使用該顯示器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11228 +#: book.translate.xml:11251 msgid "" "Other resolutions supported by the monitor can be chosen by setting the " "desired resolution in configuration files, or after the X server has been " @@ -17418,7 +17411,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11235 +#: book.translate.xml:11258 msgid "" "Using xrandr1" @@ -17427,7 +17420,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11238 +#: book.translate.xml:11261 msgid "" "Run xrandr1 without any parameters " @@ -17438,7 +17431,7 @@ "輸出及已偵測到的顯示器模式清單：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11241 +#: book.translate.xml:11264 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% xrandr\n" @@ -17459,7 +17452,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11257 +#: book.translate.xml:11280 msgid "" "This shows that the DVI-0 output is being used to display " "a screen resolution of 1920x1200 pixels at a refresh rate of about 60 Hz. " @@ -17471,7 +17464,7 @@ "與 HDMI-0 接頭。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11264 +#: book.translate.xml:11287 msgid "" "Any of the other display modes can be selected with xrandr1% xrandr --mode 1280x1024 --rate 60" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11270 +#: book.translate.xml:11293 msgid "" "A common task is using the external video output on a notebook computer for " "a video projector." msgstr "在筆記型電腦使用外部顯示輸出到投影機是常見的作業。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11273 +#: book.translate.xml:11296 msgid "" "The type and quantity of output connectors varies between devices, and the " "name given to each output varies from driver to driver. What one driver " @@ -17511,7 +17504,7 @@ "citerefentry> 列出所有可用的輸出：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11281 +#: book.translate.xml:11304 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% xrandr\n" @@ -17535,7 +17528,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11300 +#: book.translate.xml:11323 msgid "" "Four outputs were found: the built-in panel LVDS1, and " "external VGA1, HDMI1, and " @@ -17545,7 +17538,7 @@ "literal>, HDMI1 以及 DP1 接頭。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11305 +#: book.translate.xml:11328 msgid "" "The projector has been connected to the VGA1 output. " "xrandr% xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --right-of LVDS1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11313 +#: book.translate.xml:11336 msgid "" "--auto chooses the resolution and refresh rate detected " "by EDID. If the resolution is not correctly detected, a " @@ -17580,7 +17573,7 @@ "可設定 --mode 1024x768。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11322 +#: book.translate.xml:11345 msgid "" "xrandr1 is often run from " @@ -17591,28 +17584,28 @@ "xinitrc 執行以在 X 啟動時設定適合的模式。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11329 +#: book.translate.xml:11352 msgid "Setting Monitor Resolution in a File" msgstr "在檔案中設定螢幕解析度" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11332 +#: book.translate.xml:11355 msgid "To set a screen resolution of 1024x768 in a configuration file:" msgstr "在設定檔設定螢幕解析度為 1024x768：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11336 +#: book.translate.xml:11359 msgid "Set Screen Resolution in a File" msgstr "在單檔中設定螢幕解析度" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11338 +#: book.translate.xml:11361 msgid "" "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/screen-resolution.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11340 +#: book.translate.xml:11363 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Screen\"\n" @@ -17625,7 +17618,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11349 +#: book.translate.xml:11372 msgid "" "The few monitors that do not have EDID can be configured " "by setting HorizSync and VertRefresh " @@ -17635,17 +17628,17 @@ "及 VertRefresh 為顯示器支援的頻率範圍。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11356 +#: book.translate.xml:11379 msgid "Manually Setting Monitor Frequencies" msgstr "手動設定顯示器頻率" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11358 +#: book.translate.xml:11381 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/monitor0-freq.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11360 +#: book.translate.xml:11383 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Monitor\"\n" @@ -17656,22 +17649,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11372 +#: book.translate.xml:11395 msgid "Input Devices" msgstr "輸入裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:11375 +#: book.translate.xml:11398 msgid "Keyboards" msgstr "鍵盤" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11379 +#: book.translate.xml:11402 msgid "Keyboard Layout" msgstr "鍵盤配置" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11382 +#: book.translate.xml:11405 msgid "" "The standardized location of keys on a keyboard is called a " "layout. Layouts and other adjustable parameters are " @@ -17683,7 +17676,7 @@ "refentrytitle>7。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11387 +#: book.translate.xml:11410 msgid "" "A United States layout is the default. To select an alternate layout, set " "the XkbLayout and XkbVariant options " @@ -17695,25 +17688,25 @@ "選項。這會套用所有符合該類別的輸入裝置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11394 +#: book.translate.xml:11417 msgid "" "This example selects a French keyboard layout with the oss variant." msgstr "這個例子選擇 French 鍵盤配置使用 oss 變體。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11398 +#: book.translate.xml:11421 msgid "Setting a Keyboard Layout" msgstr "設定鍵盤配置" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11400 +#: book.translate.xml:11423 msgid "" "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/keyboard-fr-oss.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11402 +#: book.translate.xml:11425 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section\t\"InputClass\"\n" @@ -17726,12 +17719,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11412 +#: book.translate.xml:11435 msgid "Setting Multiple Keyboard Layouts" msgstr "設定多個鍵盤配置" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11414 +#: book.translate.xml:11437 msgid "" "Set United States, Spanish, and Ukrainian keyboard layouts. Cycle through " "these layouts by pressing Alt " @@ -17745,13 +17738,13 @@ "強配置切換控制與目前配置的指示。" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11425 +#: book.translate.xml:11448 msgid "" "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/kbd-layout-multi.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11427 +#: book.translate.xml:11450 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section\t\"InputClass\"\n" @@ -17762,12 +17755,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11437 +#: book.translate.xml:11460 msgid "Closing Xorg From the Keyboard" msgstr "從鍵盤關閉 Xorg" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11441 +#: book.translate.xml:11464 msgid "" "X can be closed with a combination of keys. By default, that key combination " "is not set because it conflicts with keyboard commands for some " @@ -17778,17 +17771,17 @@ "指令衝突。要開啟這個選項需要更改鍵盤 InputDevice 節：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11449 +#: book.translate.xml:11472 msgid "Enabling Keyboard Exit from X" msgstr "開啟鍵盤離開 X 功能" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11451 +#: book.translate.xml:11474 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/keyboard-zap.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11453 +#: book.translate.xml:11476 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section\t\"InputClass\"\n" @@ -17800,12 +17793,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:11466 +#: book.translate.xml:11489 msgid "Mice and Pointing Devices" msgstr "滑鼠與指標裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:11468 +#: book.translate.xml:11491 msgid "" "Many mouse parameters can be adjusted with configuration options. See " "mousedrv 來取得完整清單。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:11473 +#: book.translate.xml:11496 msgid "Mouse Buttons" msgstr "滑鼠按鍵" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:11476 +#: book.translate.xml:11499 msgid "" "The number of buttons on a mouse can be set in the mouse " "InputDevice section of xorg.conf. To " @@ -17831,17 +17824,17 @@ "literal> 節設定，例如要設定按鍵數為 7：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:11482 +#: book.translate.xml:11505 msgid "Setting the Number of Mouse Buttons" msgstr "設定滑鼠按鍵數" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:11484 +#: book.translate.xml:11507 msgid "/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/mouse0-buttons.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11486 +#: book.translate.xml:11509 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"InputDevice\"\n" @@ -17851,7 +17844,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11500 +#: book.translate.xml:11523 msgid "" "In some cases, Xorg autoconfiguration does not " "work with particular hardware, or a different configuration is desired. For " @@ -17861,14 +17854,14 @@ "需要使用不同的設定。針對這些情況會建立自訂的設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:11506 +#: book.translate.xml:11529 msgid "" "Do not create manual configuration files unless required. Unnecessary manual " "configuration can prevent proper operation." msgstr "非必要請勿手動建立設定檔，非必要的手動設置會造成運作不正常。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11511 +#: book.translate.xml:11534 msgid "" "A configuration file can be generated by Xorg " "based on the detected hardware. This file is often a useful starting point " @@ -17878,18 +17871,18 @@ "開始自訂設定很有幫助。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11516 +#: book.translate.xml:11539 msgid "Generating an xorg.conf:" msgstr "產生 xorg.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11518 +#: book.translate.xml:11541 #, no-wrap msgid "# Xorg -configure" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11520 +#: book.translate.xml:11543 msgid "" "The configuration file is saved to /root/xorg.conf.new. " "Make any changes desired, then test that file with:" @@ -17898,13 +17891,13 @@ "後使用以下指令測試該檔案：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11524 +#: book.translate.xml:11547 #, no-wrap msgid "# Xorg -config /root/xorg.conf.new" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11526 +#: book.translate.xml:11549 msgid "" "After the new configuration has been adjusted and tested, it can be split " "into smaller files in the normal location, /usr/local/etc/X11/xorg." @@ -17914,17 +17907,17 @@ "usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:11544 +#: book.translate.xml:11567 msgid "Using Fonts in Xorg" msgstr "在 Xorg 使用字型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11547 +#: book.translate.xml:11570 msgid "Type1 Fonts" msgstr "Type1 字型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11549 +#: book.translate.xml:11572 msgid "" "The default fonts that ship with Xorg are less " "than ideal for typical desktop publishing applications. Large presentation " @@ -17962,27 +17955,27 @@ "linkend=\"truetype\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11568 +#: book.translate.xml:11591 msgid "" "To install the above Type1 font collections from binary packages, run the " "following commands:" msgstr "要由 Binary 套件安裝上述的 Type1 字型集可執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11571 +#: book.translate.xml:11594 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install urwfonts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11573 +#: book.translate.xml:11596 msgid "" "Alternatively, to build from the Ports Collection, run the following " "commands:" msgstr "或由 Port 套件集編譯，可執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11576 +#: book.translate.xml:11599 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/urwfonts\n" @@ -17990,7 +17983,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11579 +#: book.translate.xml:11602 msgid "" "And likewise with the freefont or other collections. To have the X server " "detect these fonts, add an appropriate line to the X server configuration " @@ -18001,18 +17994,18 @@ "filename>)，內容為：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11584 +#: book.translate.xml:11607 #, no-wrap msgid "FontPath \"/usr/local/share/fonts/urwfonts/\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11586 +#: book.translate.xml:11609 msgid "Alternatively, at the command line in the X session run:" msgstr "或者在 X session 的指令列執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11589 +#: book.translate.xml:11612 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% xset fp+ /usr/local/share/fonts/urwfonts\n" @@ -18020,7 +18013,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11592 +#: book.translate.xml:11615 msgid "" "This will work but will be lost when the X session is closed, unless it is " "added to the startup file (~/.xinitrc for a normal " @@ -18037,22 +18030,22 @@ "範。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11604 +#: book.translate.xml:11627 msgid "TrueType Fonts" msgstr "TrueType 字型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11606 +#: book.translate.xml:11629 msgid "TrueType Fonts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11609 +#: book.translate.xml:11632 msgid "fonts TrueType" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11614 +#: book.translate.xml:11637 msgid "" "Xorg has built in support for rendering " "TrueType fonts. There are two " @@ -18069,13 +18062,13 @@ "\" section。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11622 +#: book.translate.xml:11645 #, no-wrap msgid "Load \"freetype\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11624 +#: book.translate.xml:11647 msgid "" "Now make a directory for the TrueType fonts (for example, /usr/local/share/fonts/TrueTypemkfontdir 可用套件的方式安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11638 +#: book.translate.xml:11661 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install mkfontdir" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11640 +#: book.translate.xml:11663 msgid "Then create an index of X font files in a directory:" msgstr "然後在目錄中建立 X 字型檔的索引：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11643 +#: book.translate.xml:11666 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/local/share/fonts/TrueType\n" @@ -18124,7 +18117,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11646 +#: book.translate.xml:11669 msgid "" "Now add the TrueType directory " "to the font path. This is just the same as described in 中所介紹的方式相同：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11649 +#: book.translate.xml:11672 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% xset fp+ /usr/local/share/fonts/TrueType\n" @@ -18142,7 +18135,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11652 +#: book.translate.xml:11675 msgid "" "or add a FontPath line to xorg.conf." msgstr "" @@ -18150,7 +18143,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11655 +#: book.translate.xml:11678 msgid "" "Now Gimp, Apache OpenOffice, and all of the other X applications should now recognize the " @@ -18166,22 +18159,22 @@ "application> 中) 現在會看起來比較像樣了。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11676 +#: book.translate.xml:11699 msgid "Anti-Aliased Fonts" msgstr "反鋸齒字型" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11678 +#: book.translate.xml:11701 msgid "anti-aliased fonts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11681 +#: book.translate.xml:11704 msgid "fonts anti-aliased" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11686 +#: book.translate.xml:11709 msgid "" "All fonts in Xorg that are found in /" "usr/local/share/fonts/ and ~/.fonts/ are " @@ -18197,7 +18190,7 @@ "Firefox。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11695 +#: book.translate.xml:11718 msgid "" "To control which fonts are anti-aliased, or to configure anti-aliasing " "properties, create (or edit, if it already exists) the file /usr/" @@ -18214,12 +18207,12 @@ "refentrytitle>5。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11704 +#: book.translate.xml:11727 msgid "XML" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11706 +#: book.translate.xml:11729 msgid "" "This file must be in XML format. Pay careful attention to case, and make " "sure all tags are properly closed. The file begins with the usual XML header " @@ -18231,7 +18224,7 @@ "fontconfig> 標籤：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11712 +#: book.translate.xml:11735 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n" @@ -18240,7 +18233,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11716 +#: book.translate.xml:11739 msgid "" "As previously stated, all fonts in /usr/local/share/fonts/ as well as ~/.fonts/ are already made " @@ -18254,26 +18247,26 @@ "local/etc/fonts/local.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11724 +#: book.translate.xml:11747 #, no-wrap msgid "<dir>/path/to/my/fonts</dir>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11726 +#: book.translate.xml:11749 msgid "" "After adding new fonts, and especially new font directories, rebuild the " "font caches:" msgstr "加入新字型及額外的新字型目錄之後，需重新建立字型快取：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11730 +#: book.translate.xml:11753 #, no-wrap msgid "# fc-cache -f" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11732 +#: book.translate.xml:11755 msgid "" "Anti-aliasing makes borders slightly fuzzy, which makes very small text more " "readable and removes staircases from large text, but can " @@ -18285,7 +18278,7 @@ "的字型大小使用反鋸齒效果，可加入這些行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11739 +#: book.translate.xml:11762 #, no-wrap msgid "" " <match target=\"font\">\n" @@ -18307,12 +18300,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11756 +#: book.translate.xml:11779 msgid "fonts spacing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11761 +#: book.translate.xml:11784 msgid "" "Spacing for some monospaced fonts might also be inappropriate with anti-" "aliasing. This seems to be an issue with KDE, in " @@ -18324,7 +18317,7 @@ "入以下行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11767 +#: book.translate.xml:11790 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\t<match target=\"pattern\" name=\"family\">\n" @@ -18346,7 +18339,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11784 +#: book.translate.xml:11807 msgid "" "(this aliases the other common names for fixed fonts as \"mono\"), and then add:" @@ -18354,7 +18347,7 @@ "(這會設定等寬字型的其他常用名稱為 \"mono\")，然後加入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11787 +#: book.translate.xml:11810 #, no-wrap msgid "" " <match target=\"pattern\" name=\"family\">\n" @@ -18368,7 +18361,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11796 +#: book.translate.xml:11819 msgid "" "Certain fonts, such as Helvetica, may have a problem when anti-aliased. " "Usually this manifests itself as a font that seems cut in half vertically. " @@ -18380,7 +18373,7 @@ "local.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11802 +#: book.translate.xml:11825 #, no-wrap msgid "" " <match target=\"pattern\" name=\"family\">\n" @@ -18394,7 +18387,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11811 +#: book.translate.xml:11834 msgid "" "After editing local.conf, make certain to end the file " "with the </fontconfig> tag. Not doing this will " @@ -18404,7 +18397,7 @@ "fontconfig> 標籤結尾，若沒有使用會讓所做的更改被忽略。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11816 +#: book.translate.xml:11839 msgid "" "Users can add personalized settings by creating their own ~/." "config/fontconfig/fonts.conf. This file uses the same " @@ -18414,17 +18407,17 @@ "來加入個人化的設定，此檔案使用與上述說明相同的 XML 格式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11821 +#: book.translate.xml:11844 msgid "LCD screen" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11822 +#: book.translate.xml:11845 msgid "Fonts LCD screen" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11825 +#: book.translate.xml:11848 msgid "" "One last point: with an LCD screen, sub-pixel sampling may be desired. This " "basically treats the (horizontally separated) red, green and blue components " @@ -18438,7 +18431,7 @@ "處：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:11832 +#: book.translate.xml:11855 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\t <match target=\"font\">\n" @@ -18452,7 +18445,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:11842 +#: book.translate.xml:11865 msgid "" "Depending on the sort of display, rgb may need to be " "changed to bgr, vrgb or vbgr Seth Kingsley Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:11866 +#: book.translate.xml:11889 msgid "X Display Manager" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:11867 +#: book.translate.xml:11890 msgid "" "Xorg provides an X Display Manager, " "XDM, which can be used for login session " @@ -18494,7 +18487,7 @@ "(登入與密碼)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:11874 +#: book.translate.xml:11897 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to configure the X Display Manager on FreeBSD. " "Some desktop environments provide their own graphical login manager. Refer " @@ -18508,12 +18501,12 @@ "> 取得如何設定 KDE 顯示管理程式 (KDE Display Manager) 的操作方式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11881 +#: book.translate.xml:11904 msgid "Configuring XDM" msgstr "設定 XDM" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11883 +#: book.translate.xml:11906 msgid "" "To install XDM, use the x11/xdm package or port. Once installed, XDM can " @@ -18525,13 +18518,13 @@ "需編輯 /etc/ttys 中的此項目：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:11889 +#: book.translate.xml:11912 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyv8 \"/usr/local/bin/xdm -nodaemon\" xterm off secure" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11891 +#: book.translate.xml:11914 msgid "" "Change the off to on and save the " "edit. The ttyv8 in this entry indicates that " @@ -18542,7 +18535,7 @@ "第 9 個虛擬終端機執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11896 +#: book.translate.xml:11919 msgid "" "The XDM configuration directory is located in " "/usr/local/lib/X11/xdm. This directory contains several " @@ -18563,22 +18556,22 @@ "citerefentry> 有說明。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:11906 +#: book.translate.xml:11929 msgid "XDM Configuration Files" msgstr "XDM 設定檔" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11911 book.translate.xml:55191 +#: book.translate.xml:11934 book.translate.xml:55576 msgid "File" msgstr "檔案" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11918 +#: book.translate.xml:11941 msgid "Xaccess" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11919 +#: book.translate.xml:11942 msgid "" "The protocol for connecting to XDM is called the " "X Display Manager Connection Protocol (XDMCP) This file " @@ -18592,12 +18585,12 @@ "預設此檔案並不允許任何遠端的客戶端連線。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11929 +#: book.translate.xml:11952 msgid "Xresources" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11930 +#: book.translate.xml:11953 msgid "" "This file controls the look and feel of the XDM " "display chooser and login screens. The default configuration is a simple " @@ -18612,24 +18605,24 @@ "Xorg 說明文件中說明的 app-defaults 檔相同。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11943 +#: book.translate.xml:11966 msgid "Xservers" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11944 +#: book.translate.xml:11967 msgid "" "The list of local and remote displays the chooser should provide as login " "choices." msgstr "登入選擇時在選擇器上要提供的本地及遠端顯示清單。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11949 +#: book.translate.xml:11972 msgid "Xsession" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11950 +#: book.translate.xml:11973 msgid "" "Default session script for logins which is run by XDM after a user has logged in. Normally each user will have a " @@ -18641,12 +18634,12 @@ "來覆蓋此 Script 的設定。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11958 +#: book.translate.xml:11981 msgid "Xsetup_*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11959 +#: book.translate.xml:11982 msgid "" "Script to automatically launch applications before displaying the chooser or " "login interfaces. There is a script for each display being used, named " @@ -18660,22 +18653,22 @@ "xconsole。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11970 +#: book.translate.xml:11993 msgid "xdm-config" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11971 +#: book.translate.xml:11994 msgid "Global configuration for all displays running on this machine." msgstr "用來設定所有在此機器上執行的顯示的全域設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11976 +#: book.translate.xml:11999 msgid "xdm-errors" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11977 +#: book.translate.xml:12000 msgid "" "Contains errors generated by the server program. If a display that " "XDM is trying to start hangs, look at this file " @@ -18687,23 +18680,23 @@ "寫入至使用者的 ~/.xsession-errors。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11986 +#: book.translate.xml:12009 msgid "xdm-pid" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:11987 +#: book.translate.xml:12010 msgid "" "The running process ID of XDM." msgstr "XDM 的執行程序 ID。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:11996 +#: book.translate.xml:12019 msgid "Configuring Remote Access" msgstr "設定遠端存取" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:11998 +#: book.translate.xml:12021 msgid "" "By default, only users on the same system can login using XDM. To enable users on other systems to connect to the display " @@ -18713,7 +18706,7 @@ "其他系統的使用者可連線到顯示伺服器，需編輯存取控制規則及開啟連線傾聽程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12003 +#: book.translate.xml:12026 msgid "" "To configure XDM to listen for any remote " "connection, comment out the DisplayManager.requestPort " @@ -18725,7 +18718,7 @@ "requestPort 行前加上 ! 來註解該行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12009 +#: book.translate.xml:12032 #, no-wrap msgid "" "! SECURITY: do not listen for XDMCP or Chooser requests\n" @@ -18734,7 +18727,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12013 +#: book.translate.xml:12036 msgid "" "Save the edits and restart XDM. To restrict " "remote access, look at the example entries in /usr/local/lib/X11/" @@ -18748,19 +18741,19 @@ "refentrytitle>1 取得進一步資訊。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:12022 +#: book.translate.xml:12045 msgid "Desktop Environments" msgstr "桌面環境" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:12025 +#: book.translate.xml:12048 msgid "" " Valentino Vaschetto Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12036 +#: book.translate.xml:12059 msgid "" "This section describes how to install three popular desktop environments on " "a FreeBSD system. A desktop environment can range from a simple window " @@ -18773,19 +18766,19 @@ "x11-wm 分類取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12044 +#: book.translate.xml:12067 msgid "GNOME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12047 +#: book.translate.xml:12070 msgid "" "GNOME is a user-friendly desktop environment. It " "includes a panel for starting applications and displaying status, a desktop, " "a set of tools and applications, and a set of conventions that make it easy " "for applications to cooperate and be consistent with each other. More " "information regarding GNOME on FreeBSD can be " -"found at http://www." +"found at https://www." "FreeBSD.org/gnome. That web site contains additional documentation " "about installing, configuring, and managing GNOME " "on FreeBSD." @@ -18793,23 +18786,23 @@ "GNOME 是一個擁有友善使用者介面的的桌面環境，它包括" "用於啟動應用程式和顯示狀態的面板、一系列工具與應用程序及一套可讓應用程式更容" "易進行合作、相互一致的協定。更多有關 FreeBSD GNOME 的訊息可在 http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome 取得，該網站包含了有關在 FreeBSD 安" +"application> 的訊息可在 https://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome 取得，該網站包含了有關在 FreeBSD 安" "裝、設定和管理 GNOME 的額外文件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12058 +#: book.translate.xml:12081 msgid "This desktop environment can be installed from a package:" msgstr "這套桌面環境可以從套件安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12061 +#: book.translate.xml:12084 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gnome3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12063 +#: book.translate.xml:12086 msgid "" "To instead build GNOME from ports, use the " "following command. GNOME is a large application " @@ -18820,7 +18813,7 @@ "上，也會需要花費一些時間編譯。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12069 +#: book.translate.xml:12092 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/x11/gnome3\n" @@ -18828,7 +18821,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12072 +#: book.translate.xml:12095 msgid "" "GNOME requires /proc to be " "mounted. Add this line to /etc/fstab to mount this file " @@ -18838,13 +18831,13 @@ "行到 /etc/fstab 讓系統啟動時會自動掛載這個檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12077 book.translate.xml:12168 +#: book.translate.xml:12100 book.translate.xml:12191 #, no-wrap msgid "proc /proc procfs rw 0 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12079 +#: book.translate.xml:12102 msgid "" "GNOME uses D-Bus and " "HAL for a message bus and hardware abstraction. " @@ -18858,7 +18851,7 @@ "要在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟，這樣在系統開機時才會啟動：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12087 book.translate.xml:12178 +#: book.translate.xml:12110 book.translate.xml:12201 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dbus_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -18866,7 +18859,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12090 +#: book.translate.xml:12113 msgid "" "After installation, configure Xorg to start " "GNOME. The easiest way to do this is to enable " @@ -18881,13 +18874,13 @@ "conf 來開啟：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12099 +#: book.translate.xml:12122 #, no-wrap msgid "gdm_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12101 +#: book.translate.xml:12124 msgid "" "It is often desirable to also start all GNOME " "services. To achieve this, add a second line to /etc/rc.conf/etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12105 +#: book.translate.xml:12128 #, no-wrap msgid "gnome_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12107 +#: book.translate.xml:12130 msgid "" "GDM will start automatically when the system " "boots." msgstr "GDM 則會在系統開機時自動啟動。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12110 +#: book.translate.xml:12133 msgid "" "A second method for starting GNOME is to type " "startx from the command-line after configuring " @@ -18925,13 +18918,13 @@ "gnome-session。若檔案不存在，則使用以下指令建立一個：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12119 +#: book.translate.xml:12142 #, no-wrap msgid "% echo \"exec /usr/local/bin/gnome-session\" > ~/.xinitrc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12121 +#: book.translate.xml:12144 msgid "" "A third method is to use XDM as the display " "manager. In this case, create an executable ~/.xsession:" @@ -18940,7 +18933,7 @@ "需要建立一個可執行的 ~/.xsession：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12125 +#: book.translate.xml:12148 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% echo \"#!/bin/sh\" > ~/.xsession\n" @@ -18949,12 +18942,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12131 +#: book.translate.xml:12154 msgid "KDE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12135 +#: book.translate.xml:12158 msgid "" "KDE is another easy-to-use desktop environment. " "This desktop provides a suite of applications with a consistent look and " @@ -18973,18 +18966,18 @@ "freebsd.kde.org。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12144 +#: book.translate.xml:12167 msgid "To install the KDE package, type:" msgstr "要安裝 KDE 套件，請輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12147 +#: book.translate.xml:12170 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install x11/kde4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12149 +#: book.translate.xml:12172 msgid "" "To instead build the KDE port, use the following " "command. Installing the port will provide a menu for selecting which " @@ -18996,7 +18989,7 @@ "一個大型的應用程式，即使在較快的電腦上仍需要花費一段時間來編譯。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12155 +#: book.translate.xml:12178 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/x11/kde4\n" @@ -19004,12 +18997,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12158 +#: book.translate.xml:12181 msgid "KDE display manager" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12163 +#: book.translate.xml:12186 msgid "" "KDE requires /proc to be " "mounted. Add this line to /etc/fstab to mount this file " @@ -19019,7 +19012,7 @@ "到 /etc/fstab 讓系統啟動時會自動掛載這個檔案系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12170 +#: book.translate.xml:12193 msgid "" "KDE uses D-Bus and " "HAL for a message bus and hardware abstraction. " @@ -19033,7 +19026,7 @@ "/etc/rc.conf 開啟，這樣在系統開機時才會啟動：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12181 +#: book.translate.xml:12204 msgid "" "The installation of KDE includes the KDE Display " "Manager, KDM. To enable this display manager, add " @@ -19044,13 +19037,13 @@ "/etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12187 +#: book.translate.xml:12210 #, no-wrap msgid "kdm4_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12189 +#: book.translate.xml:12212 msgid "" "A second method for launching KDE is to type " "startx from the command line. For this to work, the " @@ -19061,13 +19054,13 @@ "xinitrc：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12195 +#: book.translate.xml:12218 #, no-wrap msgid "exec /usr/local/bin/startkde" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12197 +#: book.translate.xml:12220 msgid "" "A third method for starting KDE is through " "XDM. To do so, create an executable ~/." @@ -19078,7 +19071,7 @@ "filename> 如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12202 +#: book.translate.xml:12225 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% echo \"#!/bin/sh\" > ~/.xsession\n" @@ -19087,7 +19080,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12206 +#: book.translate.xml:12229 msgid "" "Once KDE is started, refer to its built-in help " "system for more information on how to use its various menus and applications." @@ -19096,12 +19089,12 @@ "如何使用各種選單及應用程式的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12212 +#: book.translate.xml:12235 msgid "Xfce" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12214 +#: book.translate.xml:12237 msgid "" "Xfce is a desktop environment based on the GTK+ " "toolkit used by GNOME. However, it is more " @@ -19122,23 +19115,23 @@ "xfce.org 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12225 +#: book.translate.xml:12248 msgid "To install the Xfce package:" msgstr "要安裝 Xfce 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12228 +#: book.translate.xml:12251 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install xfce" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12230 +#: book.translate.xml:12253 msgid "Alternatively, to build the port:" msgstr "或者使用 Port 編譯：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12232 +#: book.translate.xml:12255 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/x11-wm/xfce4\n" @@ -19146,7 +19139,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12235 +#: book.translate.xml:12258 msgid "" "Unlike GNOME or KDE, " "Xfce does not provide its own login manager. In " @@ -19160,13 +19153,13 @@ "先加入其項目到 ~/.xinitrc：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12242 +#: book.translate.xml:12265 #, no-wrap msgid "% echo \"exec /usr/local/bin/startxfce4 --with-ck-launch\" > ~/.xinitrc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12244 +#: book.translate.xml:12267 msgid "" "An alternate method is to use XDM. To configure " "this method, create an executable ~/.xsession:" @@ -19175,7 +19168,7 @@ "行的 ~/.xsession：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12248 +#: book.translate.xml:12271 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% echo \"#!/bin/sh\" > ~/.xsession\n" @@ -19184,19 +19177,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:12255 +#: book.translate.xml:12278 msgid "Installing Compiz Fusion" msgstr "安裝 Compiz Fusion" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12257 +#: book.translate.xml:12280 msgid "" "One way to make using a desktop computer more pleasant is with nice 3D " "effects." msgstr "要令使用桌面電腦更令人愉快的方法是用炫麗的 3D 效果。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12260 +#: book.translate.xml:12283 msgid "" "Installing the Compiz Fusion package is easy, but " "configuring it requires a few steps that are not described in the port's " @@ -19206,12 +19199,12 @@ "一些未在 Port 說明文件中說明的步驟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12265 +#: book.translate.xml:12288 msgid "Setting up the FreeBSD nVidia Driver" msgstr "設定 FreeBSD nVidia 驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12267 +#: book.translate.xml:12290 msgid "" "Desktop effects can cause quite a load on the graphics card. For an nVidia-" "based graphics card, the proprietary driver is required for good " @@ -19223,7 +19216,7 @@ "xorg.conf 設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12273 +#: book.translate.xml:12296 msgid "" "To determine which nVidia driver is needed see the FAQ " @@ -19234,7 +19227,7 @@ "與此主題相關的問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12276 +#: book.translate.xml:12299 msgid "" "Having determined the correct driver to use for your card, installation is " "as simple as installing any other package." @@ -19243,18 +19236,18 @@ "件一樣簡單。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12280 +#: book.translate.xml:12303 msgid "For example, to install the latest driver:" msgstr "例如，要安裝最新的驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12282 +#: book.translate.xml:12305 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install x11/nvidia-driver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12284 +#: book.translate.xml:12307 msgid "" "The driver will create a kernel module, which needs to be loaded at system " "startup. Add the following line to /boot/loader.conf:" @@ -19263,13 +19256,13 @@ "loader.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12288 +#: book.translate.xml:12311 #, no-wrap msgid "nvidia_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12291 +#: book.translate.xml:12314 msgid "" "To immediately load the kernel module into the running kernel by issuing a " "command like kldload nvidia, however it has been noted " @@ -19283,7 +19276,7 @@ "要重新開機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12300 +#: book.translate.xml:12323 msgid "" "With the kernel module loaded, you normally only need to change a single " "line in xorg.conf to enable the proprietary driver:" @@ -19292,29 +19285,29 @@ "啟專用的驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12304 +#: book.translate.xml:12327 msgid "Find the following line in /etc/X11/xorg.conf:" msgstr "找到 /etc/X11/xorg.conf 中的下行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12307 +#: book.translate.xml:12330 #, no-wrap msgid "Driver \"nv\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12309 +#: book.translate.xml:12332 msgid "and change it to:" msgstr "然後更改該行為：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12311 +#: book.translate.xml:12334 #, no-wrap msgid "Driver \"nvidia\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12313 +#: book.translate.xml:12336 msgid "" "Start the GUI as usual, and you should be greeted by the nVidia splash. " "Everything should work as usual." @@ -19322,12 +19315,12 @@ "如往常般啟動 GUI，您應該會看到 nVidia 的啟動畫面，其他東西應如往常般運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12318 +#: book.translate.xml:12341 msgid "Configuring xorg.conf for Desktop Effects" msgstr "設定 xorg.conf 來啟動桌面特效" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12320 +#: book.translate.xml:12343 msgid "" "To enable Compiz Fusion, /etc/X11/xorg." "conf needs to be modified:" @@ -19336,12 +19329,12 @@ "xorg.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12324 +#: book.translate.xml:12347 msgid "Add the following section to enable composite effects:" msgstr "加入以下 Section 來開啟合成特效：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12327 +#: book.translate.xml:12350 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Extensions\"\n" @@ -19350,14 +19343,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12331 +#: book.translate.xml:12354 msgid "" "Locate the Screen section which should look similar to the " "one below:" msgstr "找到 Screen section，長的應該如下所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12334 +#: book.translate.xml:12357 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Screen\"\n" @@ -19368,12 +19361,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12340 +#: book.translate.xml:12363 msgid "and add the following two lines (after Monitor will do):" msgstr "然後加入以下兩行 (在Monitor 之後)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12343 +#: book.translate.xml:12366 #, no-wrap msgid "" "DefaultDepth 24\n" @@ -19381,7 +19374,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12346 +#: book.translate.xml:12369 msgid "" "Locate the Subsection that refers to the screen resolution " "that you wish to use. For example, if you wish to use 1280x1024, locate the " @@ -19393,7 +19386,7 @@ "中，您可以手動加入對應的項目：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12352 +#: book.translate.xml:12375 #, no-wrap msgid "" "SubSection \"Display\"\n" @@ -19403,14 +19396,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12357 +#: book.translate.xml:12380 msgid "" "A color depth of 24 bits is needed for desktop composition, change the above " "subsection to:" msgstr "桌面合成需要 24 bit 的色彩深度，更改上述 Subsection 為：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12360 +#: book.translate.xml:12383 #, no-wrap msgid "" "SubSection \"Display\"\n" @@ -19421,7 +19414,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12366 +#: book.translate.xml:12389 msgid "" "Finally, confirm that the glx and extmod " "modules are loaded in the Module section:" @@ -19430,7 +19423,7 @@ "extmod 模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12370 +#: book.translate.xml:12393 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Module\"\n" @@ -19440,7 +19433,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12375 +#: book.translate.xml:12398 msgid "" "The preceding can be done automatically with x11/nvidia-xconfig by running (as root):" @@ -19449,7 +19442,7 @@ "用 root)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12379 +#: book.translate.xml:12402 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# nvidia-xconfig --add-argb-glx-visuals\n" @@ -19458,12 +19451,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12385 +#: book.translate.xml:12408 msgid "Installing and Configuring Compiz Fusion" msgstr "安裝與設定 Compiz Fusion" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12387 +#: book.translate.xml:12410 msgid "" "Installing Compiz Fusion is as simple as any " "other package:" @@ -19471,13 +19464,13 @@ "安裝 Compiz Fusion 如同安裝其他套件一樣簡單：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12390 +#: book.translate.xml:12413 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install x11-wm/compiz-fusion" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12392 +#: book.translate.xml:12415 msgid "" "When the installation is finished, start your graphic desktop and at a " "terminal, enter the following commands (as a normal user):" @@ -19486,7 +19479,7 @@ "用者)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12396 +#: book.translate.xml:12419 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% compiz --replace --sm-disable --ignore-desktop-hints ccp &\n" @@ -19494,7 +19487,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12399 +#: book.translate.xml:12422 msgid "" "Your screen will flicker for a few seconds, as your window manager (e.g. " "Metacity if you are using GNOMESessions in a " @@ -19518,7 +19511,7 @@ "GNOME 桌面的 Sessions 中)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12412 +#: book.translate.xml:12435 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#! /bin/sh\n" @@ -19527,7 +19520,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12416 +#: book.translate.xml:12439 msgid "" "Save this in your home directory as, for example, start-compiz and make it executable:" @@ -19536,13 +19529,13 @@ "filename>，然後讓該檔案可以執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12420 +#: book.translate.xml:12443 #, no-wrap msgid "% chmod +x ~/start-compiz" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12422 +#: book.translate.xml:12445 msgid "" "Then use the GUI to add it to Startup Programs " "(located in System, Preferences, 工作階段 Sessions)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12429 +#: book.translate.xml:12452 msgid "" "To actually select all the desired effects and their settings, execute " "(again as a normal user) the Compiz Config Settings ManagerCompiz Config Settings Manager：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12433 +#: book.translate.xml:12456 #, no-wrap msgid "% ccsm" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12436 +#: book.translate.xml:12459 msgid "" "In GNOME, this can also be found in the " "System, Preferences " @@ -19581,7 +19574,7 @@ "guimenuitem>, 偏好設定 Preferences 選單中找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12441 +#: book.translate.xml:12464 msgid "" "If you have selected gconf support during the build, you will " "also be able to view these settings using gconf-editor " @@ -19591,7 +19584,7 @@ "editor 在 apps/compiz 下查看設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12452 +#: book.translate.xml:12475 msgid "" "If the mouse does not work, you will need to first configure it before " "proceeding. In recent Xorg versions, the " @@ -19607,13 +19600,13 @@ "section：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12461 +#: book.translate.xml:12484 #, no-wrap msgid "Option \"AutoAddDevices\" \"false\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12463 +#: book.translate.xml:12486 msgid "" "Input devices may then be configured as in previous versions, along with any " "other options needed (e.g., keyboard layout switching)." @@ -19621,7 +19614,7 @@ "輸入裝置便可如先前版本一樣設定，連同其他所需的選項 (如：切換鍵盤配置)。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12468 +#: book.translate.xml:12491 msgid "" "As previously explained the hald daemon will, by " "default, automatically detect your keyboard. There are chances that your " @@ -19642,7 +19635,7 @@ "協助來直接設定鍵盤屬性。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12480 +#: book.translate.xml:12503 msgid "" "For example if, one wants to use a PC 102 keys keyboard coming with a french " "layout, we have to create a keyboard configuration file for " @@ -19656,7 +19649,7 @@ "fdi/policy 目錄。這個檔案中應要有以下幾行：" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12488 +#: book.translate.xml:12511 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"iso-8859-1\"?>\n" @@ -19671,14 +19664,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12498 +#: book.translate.xml:12521 msgid "" "If this file already exists, just copy and add to your file the lines " "regarding the keyboard configuration." msgstr "若這個檔案已經存在，只需要複製並貼上您的檔案中有關鍵盤設定的那幾行。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12501 +#: book.translate.xml:12524 msgid "" "You will have to reboot your machine to force hald to read this file." @@ -19686,20 +19679,20 @@ "您會需要重新啟動您的機器來讓 hald 讀取這個檔案。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12504 +#: book.translate.xml:12527 msgid "" "It is possible to do the same configuration from an X terminal or a script " "with this command line:" msgstr "也是可以從 X 終端機或 Script 下指令來做同樣的設定：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12507 +#: book.translate.xml:12530 #, no-wrap msgid "% setxkbmap -model pc102 -layout fr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12509 +#: book.translate.xml:12532 msgid "" "/usr/local/share/X11/xkb/rules/base.lst lists the " "various keyboard, layouts and options available." @@ -19708,12 +19701,12 @@ "的鍵盤、配置與設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12514 +#: book.translate.xml:12537 msgid "Xorg tuning" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12517 +#: book.translate.xml:12540 msgid "" "The xorg.conf.new configuration file may now be tuned " "to taste. Open the file in a text editor such as 的 \"Monitor\" section：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12525 +#: book.translate.xml:12548 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Monitor\"\n" @@ -19746,7 +19739,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12533 +#: book.translate.xml:12556 msgid "" "Most monitors support sync frequency autodetection, making manual entry of " "these values unnecessary. For the few monitors that do not support " @@ -19757,7 +19750,7 @@ "動偵測的顯示器，請輸入由製造商提供的數值來避免損壞顯示器。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12539 +#: book.translate.xml:12562 msgid "" "X allows DPMS (Energy Star) features to be used with capable monitors. The " "xsetxorg.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12551 +#: book.translate.xml:12574 msgid "" "While the xorg.conf.new configuration file is still " "open in an editor, select the default resolution and color depth desired. " @@ -19795,7 +19788,7 @@ "義：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12556 +#: book.translate.xml:12579 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Screen\"\n" @@ -19812,7 +19805,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12568 +#: book.translate.xml:12591 msgid "" "The DefaultDepth keyword describes the color depth to run " "at by default. This can be overridden with the " @@ -19833,14 +19826,14 @@ "像素。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12579 +#: book.translate.xml:12602 msgid "" "Finally, write the configuration file and test it using the test mode given " "above." msgstr "最後，儲存設定檔並使用測試模式來測試上述的設定。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12583 +#: book.translate.xml:12606 msgid "" "One of the tools available to assist you during troubleshooting process are " "the Xorg log files, which contain information on " @@ -19857,7 +19850,7 @@ "Xorg.8.log 以此類推。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12595 +#: book.translate.xml:12618 msgid "" "If all is well, the configuration file needs to be installed in a common " "location where Xorg 或 /usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12600 +#: book.translate.xml:12623 #, no-wrap msgid "# cp xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12602 +#: book.translate.xml:12625 msgid "" "The Xorg configuration process is now complete. " "Xorg may be now started with the 1 來啟動。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12609 +#: book.translate.xml:12632 msgid "" "Configuration with Intel " "i810 Graphics Chipsets" @@ -19904,12 +19897,12 @@ "literal> 繪圖晶片組" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12612 +#: book.translate.xml:12635 msgid "Intel i810 graphic chipset" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12616 +#: book.translate.xml:12639 msgid "" "Configuration with Intel i810 " "integrated chipsets requires the agpgart AGP " @@ -19924,7 +19917,7 @@ "更多詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12622 +#: book.translate.xml:12645 msgid "" "This will allow configuration of the hardware as any other graphics board. " "Note on systems without the agp 來載入。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12631 +#: book.translate.xml:12654 msgid "Adding a Widescreen Flatpanel to the Mix" msgstr "加入寬螢幕平板顯示器到設定檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12633 +#: book.translate.xml:12656 msgid "widescreen flatpanel configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12637 +#: book.translate.xml:12660 msgid "" "This section assumes a bit of advanced configuration knowledge. If attempts " "to use the standard configuration tools above have not resulted in a working " @@ -19964,7 +19957,7 @@ "輯器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12644 +#: book.translate.xml:12667 msgid "" "Current widescreen (WSXGA, WSXGA+, WUXGA, WXGA, WXGA+, et.al.) formats " "support 16:10 and 10:9 formats or aspect ratios that can be problematic. " @@ -19974,32 +19967,32 @@ "及 10:9 格式或其他的寬高比可會有問題。例如一些 16:10 寬高比常見的螢幕解析度：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12651 +#: book.translate.xml:12674 msgid "2560x1600" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12655 +#: book.translate.xml:12678 msgid "1920x1200" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12659 +#: book.translate.xml:12682 msgid "1680x1050" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12663 +#: book.translate.xml:12686 msgid "1440x900" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12667 +#: book.translate.xml:12690 msgid "1280x800" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12671 +#: book.translate.xml:12694 msgid "" "At some point, it will be as easy as adding one of these resolutions as a " "possible Mode in the Section \"Screen\"Xorg is smart enough to pull the resolution " "information from the widescreen via I2C/DDC information so it knows what the " @@ -20036,7 +20029,7 @@ "DDC)，因此能夠知道螢幕能處理的頻率及解析度。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12692 +#: book.translate.xml:12715 msgid "" "If those ModeLines do not exist in the drivers, one might " "need to give Xorg a little hint. Using /" @@ -20050,7 +20043,7 @@ "literal>。只需要在日誌檔中找到類似以下的訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12700 +#: book.translate.xml:12723 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(II) MGA(0): Supported additional Video Mode:\n" @@ -20061,7 +20054,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12706 +#: book.translate.xml:12729 msgid "" "This information is called EDID information. Creating a ModeLine from this is just a matter of putting the numbers in the correct " @@ -20071,13 +20064,13 @@ "將數據使用正確的順序放入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12710 +#: book.translate.xml:12733 #, no-wrap msgid "ModeLine <name> <clock> <4 horiz. timings> <4 vert. timings>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12712 +#: book.translate.xml:12735 msgid "" "So that the ModeLine in Section \"Monitor\" for this example would look like this:" @@ -20086,7 +20079,7 @@ "ModeLine 會看起來像這樣：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:12716 +#: book.translate.xml:12739 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Monitor\"\n" @@ -20099,19 +20092,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12724 +#: book.translate.xml:12747 msgid "" "Now having completed these simple editing steps, X should start on your new " "widescreen monitor." msgstr "便完成編輯的步驟，接著需要在您的寬螢幕顯示器啟動 X。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12729 +#: book.translate.xml:12752 msgid "Troubleshooting Compiz Fusion" msgstr "Compiz Fusion 疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:12734 +#: book.translate.xml:12757 msgid "" "I have installed Compiz Fusion, and after running " "the commands you mention, my windows are left without title bars and " @@ -20121,7 +20114,7 @@ "令後，我的視窗的標題列與按鈕便消失了。是那裡有問題?" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:12742 +#: book.translate.xml:12765 msgid "" "You are probably missing a setting in /etc/X11/xorg.conf. Review this file carefully and check especially the " @@ -20133,7 +20126,7 @@ "literal> 指令項。" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:12753 +#: book.translate.xml:12776 msgid "" "When I run the command to start Compiz Fusion, " "the X server crashes and I am back at the console. What is wrong?" @@ -20142,7 +20135,7 @@ "了，然後我又返回 Console。是那裡有問題?" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:12760 +#: book.translate.xml:12783 msgid "" "If you check /var/log/Xorg.0.log, you will probably " "find error messages during the X startup. The most common would be:" @@ -20151,7 +20144,7 @@ "所發生的錯誤訊息。最常發生的錯誤會是：" #. (itstool) path: answer/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12765 +#: book.translate.xml:12788 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(EE) NVIDIA(0): Failed to initialize the GLX module; please check in your X\n" @@ -20162,7 +20155,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:12771 +#: book.translate.xml:12794 msgid "" "This is usually the case when you upgrade Xorg. " "You will need to reinstall the x11/nvidia-driver package " @@ -20172,12 +20165,12 @@ "安裝 x11/nvidia-driver 套件來重新編譯 glx。" #. (itstool) path: part/title -#: book.translate.xml:12785 +#: book.translate.xml:12808 msgid "Common Tasks" msgstr "一般作業" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:12788 +#: book.translate.xml:12811 msgid "" "Now that the basics have been covered, this part of the book discusses some " "frequently used features of FreeBSD. These chapters:" @@ -20186,50 +20179,50 @@ "色，這些章節包括：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12794 +#: book.translate.xml:12817 msgid "" "Introduce popular and useful desktop applications: browsers, productivity " "tools, document viewers, and more." msgstr "介紹給您常見且實用的桌面應用軟體：瀏覽器、辦工工具、文件閱覽程式等。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12800 +#: book.translate.xml:12823 msgid "Introduce a number of multimedia tools available for FreeBSD." msgstr "介紹給您眾多 FreeBSD 上可用的多媒體工具。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12805 +#: book.translate.xml:12828 msgid "" "Explain the process of building a customized FreeBSD kernel to enable extra " "functionality." msgstr "解釋如何編譯量身訂做的 FreeBSD 核心以增加額外系統功能的流程。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12810 +#: book.translate.xml:12833 msgid "" "Describe the print system in detail, both for desktop and network-connected " "printer setups." msgstr "詳細描述列印系統，包含桌上型印表機及網路印表機的設定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12815 +#: book.translate.xml:12838 msgid "Show how to run Linux applications on the FreeBSD system." msgstr "展示給您看如何在您的 FreeBSD 系統中執行 Linux 應用軟體。" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:12820 +#: book.translate.xml:12843 msgid "" "Some of these chapters recommend prior reading, and this is noted in the " "synopsis at the beginning of each chapter." msgstr "這些章節中有些需要您預先閱讀些相關文件，在各章節開頭的概要內會提及。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:12843 +#: book.translate.xml:12866 msgid "Desktop Applications" msgstr "桌面應用程式" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12848 +#: book.translate.xml:12871 msgid "" "While FreeBSD is popular as a server for its performance and stability, it " "is also suited for day-to-day use as a desktop. With over 24,000 " @@ -20245,7 +20238,7 @@ "含網頁瀏覽器、辦工軟體、文件閱覽程式以及財務軟體。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:12858 +#: book.translate.xml:12881 msgid "" "Users who prefer to install a pre-built desktop version of FreeBSD rather " "than configuring one from scratch should refer to the trueos.org 網站。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12865 +#: book.translate.xml:12888 msgid "Readers of this chapter should know how to:" msgstr "在閱讀這章之前，你必須了解如何：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12869 +#: book.translate.xml:12892 msgid "" "Install additional software using packages or ports as described in ." msgstr "使用套件或 Port 安裝其他軟體如 所敘述。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:12874 +#: book.translate.xml:12897 msgid "Install X and a window manager as described in ." msgstr "安狀 X 與視窗管理程式如 所敘述。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12879 +#: book.translate.xml:12902 msgid "" "For information on how to configure a multimedia environment, refer to ." @@ -20280,29 +20273,29 @@ "要取得有關如何設定多媒體環境的資訊，請參考 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:12884 +#: book.translate.xml:12907 msgid "Browsers" msgstr "瀏覽器" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12886 +#: book.translate.xml:12909 msgid "browsers web" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12891 +#: book.translate.xml:12914 msgid "" "FreeBSD does not come with a pre-installed web browser. Instead, the www category of " +"xlink:href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/www.html\">www category of " "the Ports Collection contains many browsers which can be installed as a " "package or compiled from the Ports Collection." msgstr "" "在 FreeBSD 中並未預先安裝好網頁瀏覽器。 但在 Port 套件集中的 www 分類中有許多瀏覽器" +"href=\"https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/www.html\">www 分類中有許多瀏覽器" "可以採 Binary 套件安裝或自 Port 套件集編譯的方式安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12897 +#: book.translate.xml:12920 msgid "" "The KDE and GNOME " "desktop environments include their own HTML browser. Refer to www/dillo2, " "www/links, and www/w3m." @@ -20322,7 +20315,7 @@ "links 以及 www/w3m。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:12907 +#: book.translate.xml:12930 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to install the following popular web browsers " "and indicates if the application is resource-heavy, takes time to compile " @@ -20332,48 +20325,48 @@ "源、花費大量時間自 Port 編譯或何主要的相依套件。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12916 book.translate.xml:13282 book.translate.xml:13592 -#: book.translate.xml:13816 +#: book.translate.xml:12939 book.translate.xml:13305 book.translate.xml:13615 +#: book.translate.xml:13839 msgid "Application Name" msgstr "應用程式名稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12917 book.translate.xml:13283 book.translate.xml:13593 -#: book.translate.xml:13817 +#: book.translate.xml:12940 book.translate.xml:13306 book.translate.xml:13616 +#: book.translate.xml:13840 msgid "Resources Needed" msgstr "所需資源" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12918 book.translate.xml:13284 book.translate.xml:13594 -#: book.translate.xml:13818 +#: book.translate.xml:12941 book.translate.xml:13307 book.translate.xml:13617 +#: book.translate.xml:13841 msgid "Installation from Ports" msgstr "自 Port 安裝時間" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12919 book.translate.xml:17245 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:12942 book.translate.xml:17267 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Notes" msgstr "說明" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12925 +#: book.translate.xml:12948 msgid "Firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12926 book.translate.xml:12941 book.translate.xml:12949 +#: book.translate.xml:12949 book.translate.xml:12964 book.translate.xml:12972 msgid "medium" msgstr "中" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12927 book.translate.xml:12942 book.translate.xml:12950 -#: book.translate.xml:13293 book.translate.xml:13308 book.translate.xml:13315 -#: book.translate.xml:13632 book.translate.xml:13827 book.translate.xml:13834 -#: book.translate.xml:13841 +#: book.translate.xml:12950 book.translate.xml:12965 book.translate.xml:12973 +#: book.translate.xml:13316 book.translate.xml:13331 book.translate.xml:13338 +#: book.translate.xml:13655 book.translate.xml:13850 book.translate.xml:13857 +#: book.translate.xml:13864 msgid "heavy" msgstr "多" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12928 +#: book.translate.xml:12951 msgid "" "FreeBSD, Linux, and localized " "versions are available" @@ -20381,59 +20374,59 @@ "有 FreeBSD 、 Linux 及在地化版本" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12933 +#: book.translate.xml:12956 msgid "Opera" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12934 book.translate.xml:12935 book.translate.xml:13292 -#: book.translate.xml:13299 book.translate.xml:13300 book.translate.xml:13307 -#: book.translate.xml:13602 book.translate.xml:13603 book.translate.xml:13609 -#: book.translate.xml:13610 book.translate.xml:13616 book.translate.xml:13617 -#: book.translate.xml:13624 book.translate.xml:13625 book.translate.xml:13631 -#: book.translate.xml:13826 book.translate.xml:13833 book.translate.xml:13840 +#: book.translate.xml:12957 book.translate.xml:12958 book.translate.xml:13315 +#: book.translate.xml:13322 book.translate.xml:13323 book.translate.xml:13330 +#: book.translate.xml:13625 book.translate.xml:13626 book.translate.xml:13632 +#: book.translate.xml:13633 book.translate.xml:13639 book.translate.xml:13640 +#: book.translate.xml:13647 book.translate.xml:13648 book.translate.xml:13654 +#: book.translate.xml:13849 book.translate.xml:13856 book.translate.xml:13863 msgid "light" msgstr "少" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12936 +#: book.translate.xml:12959 msgid "" "FreeBSD and Linux versions are " "available" msgstr "有 FreeBSD 、 Linux 版本" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12940 +#: book.translate.xml:12963 msgid "Konqueror" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12943 +#: book.translate.xml:12966 msgid "Requires KDE libraries" msgstr "需要 KDE 程式庫" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12948 +#: book.translate.xml:12971 msgid "Chromium" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:12951 +#: book.translate.xml:12974 msgid "Requires Gtk+" msgstr "需要 Gtk+ 程式庫" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:12958 +#: book.translate.xml:12981 msgid "Firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:12960 +#: book.translate.xml:12983 msgid "Firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12964 +#: book.translate.xml:12987 msgid "" "Firefox is an open source browser that is fully " "ported to FreeBSD. It features a standards-compliant HTML display engine, " @@ -20447,20 +20440,20 @@ "Mozilla 的程式庫。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12971 +#: book.translate.xml:12994 msgid "" "To install the package of the latest release version of " "Firefox, type:" msgstr "要安裝最新釋出版本的 Firefox 套件可輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12974 +#: book.translate.xml:12997 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install firefox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12976 +#: book.translate.xml:12999 msgid "" "To instead install Firefox Extended Support " "Release (ESR) version, use:" @@ -20469,13 +20462,13 @@ "Firefox，可使用：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12979 +#: book.translate.xml:13002 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install firefox-esr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12981 +#: book.translate.xml:13004 msgid "" "Localized versions are available in www/firefox-i18n and " "www/firefox-esr-i18n." @@ -20484,7 +20477,7 @@ "esr-i18n 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:12985 +#: book.translate.xml:13008 msgid "" "The Ports Collection can instead be used to compile the desired version of " "Firefox from source code. This example builds " @@ -20496,7 +20489,7 @@ "firefox 可替換為 ESR 或在地化版本來安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:12992 +#: book.translate.xml:13015 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/firefox\n" @@ -20504,12 +20497,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:12996 +#: book.translate.xml:13019 msgid "Firefox and Java Plugin" msgstr "Firefox 與 Java 附加元件" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:12998 +#: book.translate.xml:13021 msgid "" "The installation of Firefox does not include " "Java support. However, java/icedtea-web# pkg install icedtea-web" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:13006 +#: book.translate.xml:13029 msgid "Alternatively, to compile from the Ports Collection:" msgstr "或由 Port 套件集編譯：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13008 +#: book.translate.xml:13031 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/java/icedtea-web\n" @@ -20540,33 +20533,33 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:13011 +#: book.translate.xml:13034 msgid "Keep the default configuration options when compiling the port." msgstr "編譯 Port 時使用預設設定選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:13014 +#: book.translate.xml:13037 msgid "" -"Once installed, start firefox, enter " +"Once installed, start Firefox, enter " "about:plugins in the location bar and press " "Enter. A page listing the installed plugins will be " "displayed. The Java plugin " "should be listed." msgstr "" -"安裝完成時，啟動 firefox，在網址列輸入 " -"about:plugins 並按 Enter 鍵。 會出現一個" -"頁面列出已安裝的附加元件。 Java 附加元件應該會列在其中。" +"安裝完成後，啟動 firefox，在網址列輸入 " +"about:plugins 並按 Enter 鍵，便會出現一個" +"列出已安裝附加元件的頁面，清單中應該要有 Java 附加元件。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:13021 +#: book.translate.xml:13044 msgid "" "If the browser is unable to find the plugin, each user will have to run the " "following command and relaunch the browser:" msgstr "若瀏覽器無法找到附加元件，每位使用者則須執行以下指令並重新執行瀏覽器：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13025 +#: book.translate.xml:13048 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ln -s /usr/local/lib/IcedTeaPlugin.so \\\n" @@ -20574,7 +20567,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:13031 +#: book.translate.xml:13054 msgid "" "Firefox and Adobe Flash Plugin" @@ -20583,12 +20576,12 @@ "class=\"registered\">Flash 附加元件" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13033 +#: book.translate.xml:13056 msgid "Flash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:13037 +#: book.translate.xml:13060 msgid "" "A native Adobe Flash plugin is not available for FreeBSD. " @@ -20604,12 +20597,12 @@ "\"registered\">RealPlayer。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:13042 +#: book.translate.xml:13065 msgid "To install and enable this plugin, perform these steps:" msgstr "要安裝並開啟此附加元件，可執行以下步驟：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:13047 +#: book.translate.xml:13070 msgid "" "Install www/nspluginwrapper from the port. " "Due to licensing restrictions, a package is not available. This port " @@ -20620,39 +20613,39 @@ "linux_base-c6。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:13054 +#: book.translate.xml:13077 msgid "" -"Install www/linux-c6-flashplugin11 from the " +"Install www/linux-flashplayer from the " "port. Due to licensing restrictions, a package is not available." msgstr "" -"自 Port 安裝 www/linux-c6-flashplugin11 ，受" -"到授權條款的限制，該套件無 Binary 版本。" +"自 Port 安裝 www/linux-flashplayer ，受到授" +"權條款的限制，該套件無 Binary 版本。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:13060 +#: book.translate.xml:13083 msgid "Before the plugin is first used, each user must run:" msgstr "第一次使用附加元件前，每位使用者需要先執行：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13063 +#: book.translate.xml:13086 #, no-wrap msgid "% nspluginwrapper -v -a -i" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:13065 +#: book.translate.xml:13088 msgid "" "When the plugin port has been updated and reinstalled, each user must run:" msgstr "當附加元件 Port 完成更新並且重新安裝後，每位使用者需要執行：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13068 +#: book.translate.xml:13091 #, no-wrap msgid "% nspluginwrapper -v -a -u" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:13070 +#: book.translate.xml:13093 msgid "" "Start the browser, enter about:plugins in the location " "bar and press Enter. A list of all the currently available " @@ -20662,14 +20655,14 @@ "Enter 鍵，目前可用的附加元件清單中應會顯示該附加元件。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:13080 +#: book.translate.xml:13103 msgid "" "Firefox and Swfdec Flash Plugin" msgstr "" "Firefox 與 Swfdec Flash 附加元件" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:13082 +#: book.translate.xml:13105 msgid "" "Swfdec is a decoder and renderer for Flash animations. Swfdec-" @@ -20683,25 +20676,25 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect3/para #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13088 book.translate.xml:13413 +#: book.translate.xml:13111 book.translate.xml:13436 msgid "To install the package:" msgstr "要安裝套件可：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13090 +#: book.translate.xml:13113 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install swfdec-plugin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:13092 +#: book.translate.xml:13115 msgid "" "If the package is not available, compile and install it from the Ports " "Collection:" msgstr "若無套件可用，可自 Port 套件集編譯並安裝該附加元件：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13095 +#: book.translate.xml:13118 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/swfdec-plugin\n" @@ -20709,22 +20702,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:13098 +#: book.translate.xml:13121 msgid "Restart the browser to activate this plugin." msgstr "重新啟動瀏覽器來啟動此附加元件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13103 +#: book.translate.xml:13126 msgid "Opera" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13105 +#: book.translate.xml:13128 msgid "Opera" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13109 +#: book.translate.xml:13132 msgid "" "Opera is a full-featured and standards-compliant " "browser which is still lightweight and fast. It comes with a built-in mail " @@ -20738,7 +20731,7 @@ "\">Linux 模擬模式下執行的版本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13116 +#: book.translate.xml:13139 msgid "" "This command installs the package of the FreeBSD version of " "Opera. Replace opera with " @@ -20750,20 +20743,20 @@ "\"registered\">Linux 版本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13121 +#: book.translate.xml:13144 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install opera" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13123 +#: book.translate.xml:13146 msgid "" "Alternately, install either version through the Ports Collection. This " "example compiles the native version:" msgstr "或者，可安裝 Port 套件集中的版本，以下範例會編譯原生的版本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13126 +#: book.translate.xml:13149 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/opera\n" @@ -20771,7 +20764,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13129 +#: book.translate.xml:13152 msgid "" "To install the Linux version, " "substitute linux-opera in place of operaopera 為 linux-opera。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13133 +#: book.translate.xml:13156 msgid "" "To install Adobe Flash plugin support, first compile the " @@ -20797,7 +20790,7 @@ "package>。以下範例示範編譯 Port 中的這兩個應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13139 +#: book.translate.xml:13162 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/linux-c6-flashplugin11\n" @@ -20807,7 +20800,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13144 +#: book.translate.xml:13167 msgid "" "Once installed, check the presence of the plugin by starting the browser, " "entering opera:plugins in the location bar and pressing " @@ -20819,7 +20812,7 @@ "附加元件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13150 +#: book.translate.xml:13173 msgid "" "To add the Java plugin, " "follow the instructions in ." @@ -20828,17 +20821,17 @@ "照 中的指示。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13155 +#: book.translate.xml:13178 msgid "Konqueror" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13157 +#: book.translate.xml:13180 msgid "Konqueror" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13161 +#: book.translate.xml:13184 msgid "" "Konqueror is more than a web browser as it is " "also a file manager and a multimedia viewer. It is included in the " @@ -20849,7 +20842,7 @@ "中。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13166 +#: book.translate.xml:13189 msgid "" "Konqueror supports WebKit as well as its own " "KHTML. WebKit is a rendering engine used by many modern browsers including " @@ -20863,18 +20856,18 @@ "kwebkitpart 套件或 Port。此範例示範使用 Binary 套件安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13173 +#: book.translate.xml:13196 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install kwebkitpart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13175 -msgid "To install from the Ports Colloction:" -msgstr "由 Port 套件集安裝：" +#: book.translate.xml:13198 +msgid "To install from the Ports Collection:" +msgstr "從 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13177 +#: book.translate.xml:13200 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/kwebkitpart\n" @@ -20882,7 +20875,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13180 +#: book.translate.xml:13203 msgid "" "To enable WebKit within Konqueror, click " "Settings, Configure Konqueror. In the " @@ -20896,7 +20889,7 @@ "quote> 旁的下拉示選單並變更 KHTML 為 WebKit。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13188 +#: book.translate.xml:13211 msgid "" "Konqueror also supports Flash. A How To。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13195 +#: book.translate.xml:13218 msgid "Chromium" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13197 +#: book.translate.xml:13220 msgid "Chromium" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13201 +#: book.translate.xml:13224 msgid "" "Chromium is an open source browser project that " "aims to build a safer, faster, and more stable web browsing experience. " @@ -20936,26 +20929,26 @@ "application> 的功能有頁籤式瀏覽、彈出視窗封鎖、擴充套件等等。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13209 +#: book.translate.xml:13232 msgid "" "Chromium can be installed as a package by typing:" msgstr "Chromium 可以使用套件來安裝，只要輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13212 +#: book.translate.xml:13235 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install chromium" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13214 +#: book.translate.xml:13237 msgid "" "Alternatively, Chromium can be compiled from " "source using the Ports Collection:" msgstr "或者可從 Port 套件集的原始碼編譯 Chromium：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13217 +#: book.translate.xml:13240 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/chromium\n" @@ -20963,7 +20956,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:13221 +#: book.translate.xml:13244 msgid "" "The executable for Chromium is /usr/" "local/bin/chrome, not /usr/local/bin/chromium，並非 /usr/local/bin/chromium。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:13227 +#: book.translate.xml:13250 msgid "Chromium and Java Plugin" msgstr "Chromium 與 Java 附加元件" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:13229 +#: book.translate.xml:13252 msgid "" "The installation of Chromium does not include " "Java support. To install Java " @@ -20990,7 +20983,7 @@ " 的指示操作。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:13234 +#: book.translate.xml:13257 msgid "" "Once Java support is installed, start " "Chromium and enter about:pluginsChromium does not display the IcedTea-Web " "plugin, run the following commands and restart the web browser:" @@ -21011,7 +21004,7 @@ "以下指令然後重新啟動網頁瀏覽器：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13244 +#: book.translate.xml:13267 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir -p /usr/local/share/chromium/plugins\n" @@ -21020,7 +21013,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:13250 +#: book.translate.xml:13273 msgid "" "Chromium and Adobe Flash Plugin" @@ -21029,7 +21022,7 @@ "class=\"registered\">Flash 附加元件" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:13252 +#: book.translate.xml:13275 msgid "" "Configuring Chromium and Adobe FlashChromium 能夠使用部份來自其他瀏覽器的附加元件。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:13263 +#: book.translate.xml:13286 msgid "Productivity" msgstr "辦工工具" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13265 +#: book.translate.xml:13288 msgid "" "When it comes to productivity, new users often look for an office suite or " "an easy-to-use word processor. While some desktop " @@ -21065,7 +21058,7 @@ "型化文件處理程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13273 +#: book.translate.xml:13296 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to install the following popular productivity " "software and indicates if the application is resource-heavy, takes time to " @@ -21075,52 +21068,52 @@ "譯的時間或者是否有其他主要相依套件。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13285 book.translate.xml:13595 book.translate.xml:13819 +#: book.translate.xml:13308 book.translate.xml:13618 book.translate.xml:13842 msgid "Major Dependencies" msgstr "主要相依套件" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13291 +#: book.translate.xml:13314 msgid "Calligra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13294 book.translate.xml:13633 book.translate.xml:13842 +#: book.translate.xml:13317 book.translate.xml:13656 book.translate.xml:13865 msgid "KDE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13298 +#: book.translate.xml:13321 msgid "AbiWord" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13301 book.translate.xml:13618 +#: book.translate.xml:13324 book.translate.xml:13641 msgid "Gtk+ or GNOME" msgstr "Gtk+ 或 GNOME" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13306 +#: book.translate.xml:13329 msgid "The Gimp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13309 book.translate.xml:13626 +#: book.translate.xml:13332 book.translate.xml:13649 msgid "Gtk+" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13313 +#: book.translate.xml:13336 msgid "Apache OpenOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13316 book.translate.xml:13324 +#: book.translate.xml:13339 book.translate.xml:13347 msgid "huge" msgstr "非常多" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13317 +#: book.translate.xml:13340 msgid "" "JDK and " "Mozilla" @@ -21129,17 +21122,17 @@ "Mozilla" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13322 +#: book.translate.xml:13345 msgid "LibreOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13323 +#: book.translate.xml:13346 msgid "somewhat heavy" msgstr "有點多" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13325 +#: book.translate.xml:13348 msgid "" "Gtk+, or KDE/ " "GNOME, or JDK" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13335 +#: book.translate.xml:13358 msgid "Calligra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13337 +#: book.translate.xml:13360 msgid "Calligra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13340 +#: book.translate.xml:13363 msgid "" "office suite Calligra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13345 +#: book.translate.xml:13368 msgid "" "The KDE desktop environment includes an office suite which can be installed " "separately from KDE. CalligraKarbon 用來繪製圖型文件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13356 +#: book.translate.xml:13379 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, editors/calligra can be installed as a " "package or a port. To install the package:" @@ -21193,18 +21186,18 @@ "安裝，要使用套件安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13360 +#: book.translate.xml:13383 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install calligra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13362 +#: book.translate.xml:13385 msgid "If the package is not available, use the Ports Collection instead:" msgstr "若沒有可用的套件，可改使用 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13365 +#: book.translate.xml:13388 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/editors/calligra\n" @@ -21212,17 +21205,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13370 +#: book.translate.xml:13393 msgid "AbiWord" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13372 +#: book.translate.xml:13395 msgid "AbiWord" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13376 +#: book.translate.xml:13399 msgid "" "AbiWord is a free word processing program similar " "in look and feel to Microsoft。 它非常快速，包含了許多功能而且非常容易上手。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13381 +#: book.translate.xml:13404 msgid "" "AbiWord can import or export many file formats, " "including some proprietary ones like .rtf 格式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13385 +#: book.translate.xml:13408 msgid "To install the AbiWord package:" msgstr "" "要安裝 AbiWord Binary 套件，可使用下列指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13388 +#: book.translate.xml:13411 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install abiword" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13390 +#: book.translate.xml:13413 msgid "" "If the package is not available, it can be compiled from the Ports " "Collection:" msgstr "若沒有 Binary 套件版本，也可以從 Port 套件集中編譯安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13393 +#: book.translate.xml:13416 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/editors/abiword\n" @@ -21272,17 +21265,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13398 +#: book.translate.xml:13421 msgid "The GIMP" msgstr "The GIMP" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13400 +#: book.translate.xml:13423 msgid "The GIMP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13404 +#: book.translate.xml:13427 msgid "" "For image authoring or picture retouching, The GIMP provides a sophisticated image manipulation program. It can be " @@ -21297,18 +21290,18 @@ "可以讀寫許多檔案格式。 它也支援掃描器和手寫板。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13415 +#: book.translate.xml:13438 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gimp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13417 +#: book.translate.xml:13440 msgid "Alternately, use the Ports Collection:" msgstr "或使用 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13419 +#: book.translate.xml:13442 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp\n" @@ -21316,36 +21309,36 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13422 +#: book.translate.xml:13445 msgid "" -"The graphics category (freebsd.org/ports/graphics.html) of the Ports " "Collection contains several GIMP-related plugins, " "help files, and user manuals." msgstr "" -" 在 Port 套件集的 graphics 分類 (freebsd.org/ports/graphics.html) 下也包含了許多 " "GIMP 相關的附加元件，說明檔及使用手冊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13430 +#: book.translate.xml:13453 msgid "Apache OpenOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13432 +#: book.translate.xml:13455 msgid " Apache OpenOffice " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13437 +#: book.translate.xml:13460 msgid "" "office suite Apache OpenOffice " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13444 +#: book.translate.xml:13467 msgid "" "Apache OpenOffice is an open source office suite " "which is developed under the wing of the Apache Software Foundation's " @@ -21363,7 +21356,7 @@ "同語言的使用者介面、拼字檢查和字典。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13455 +#: book.translate.xml:13478 msgid "" "The word processor of Apache OpenOffice uses a " "native XML file format for increased portability and flexibility. The " @@ -21391,18 +21384,18 @@ "freebsd/。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13466 +#: book.translate.xml:13489 msgid "To install the Apache OpenOffice package:" msgstr "要安裝 Apache OpenOffice 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13469 +#: book.translate.xml:13492 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install apache-openoffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13471 +#: book.translate.xml:13494 msgid "" "Once the package is installed, type the following command to launch " "Apache OpenOffice:" @@ -21411,13 +21404,13 @@ "OpenOffice：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13474 +#: book.translate.xml:13497 #, no-wrap msgid "% openoffice-X.Y.Z" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13476 +#: book.translate.xml:13499 msgid "" "where X.Y.Z is the version number of the " "installed version of Apache OpenOffice. The first " @@ -21431,7 +21424,7 @@ ".openoffice.org 資料夾。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13484 +#: book.translate.xml:13507 msgid "" "If the desired Apache OpenOffice package is not " "available, compiling the port is still an option. However, this requires a " @@ -21441,7 +21434,7 @@ "從 Port 編譯。 不過必須注意：編譯的過程會需要大量的磁碟空間與時間：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13489 +#: book.translate.xml:13512 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/editors/openoffice-4\n" @@ -21449,18 +21442,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:13493 +#: book.translate.xml:13516 msgid "To build a localized version, replace the previous command with:" msgstr "如果想要編譯在地化的版本，將前面的指令替換成為：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13496 +#: book.translate.xml:13519 #, no-wrap msgid "# make LOCALIZED_LANG=your_language install clean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:13498 +#: book.translate.xml:13521 msgid "" "Replace your_language with the correct language " "ISO-code. A list of supported language codes is available in files/" @@ -21471,24 +21464,24 @@ "錄。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13508 +#: book.translate.xml:13531 msgid "LibreOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13510 +#: book.translate.xml:13533 msgid "LibreOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13513 +#: book.translate.xml:13536 msgid "" "office suite LibreOffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13518 +#: book.translate.xml:13541 msgid "" "LibreOffice is a free software office suite " "developed by LibreOffice uses a native " "XML file format for increased portability and flexibility. The spreadsheet " @@ -21532,34 +21525,34 @@ "到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13541 +#: book.translate.xml:13564 msgid "" "To install the English version of the LibreOffice " "package:" msgstr "要安裝英文版本的 LibreOffice 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13544 +#: book.translate.xml:13567 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install libreoffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13546 +#: book.translate.xml:13569 msgid "" -"The editors category (freebsd.org/ports/editors.html) of the Ports " "Collection contains several localizations for LibreOffice. When installing a localized package, replace " "libreoffice with the name of the localized package." msgstr "" -"Port 套件集的編輯器分類 (freebsd.org/ports/editors.html) 中含有數個 " "LibreOffice 的語系。安裝在地化套件時，請替換 " "libreoffice 為在地化套件的名稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13552 +#: book.translate.xml:13575 msgid "" "Once the package is installed, type the following command to run " "LibreOffice:" @@ -21567,13 +21560,13 @@ "套件安裝之後，輸入以下指令來執行 LibreOffice：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13555 +#: book.translate.xml:13578 #, no-wrap msgid "% libreoffice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13557 +#: book.translate.xml:13580 msgid "" "During the first launch, some questions will be asked and a ." "libreoffice folder will be created in the user's home directory." @@ -21582,7 +21575,7 @@ "libreoffice 資料夾。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13561 +#: book.translate.xml:13584 msgid "" "If the desired LibreOffice package is not " "available, compiling the port is still an option. However, this requires a " @@ -21593,7 +21586,7 @@ "譯，但這會要大量的磁碟空間及漫長的時間編譯。以下例子示範編譯英文版本：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13567 +#: book.translate.xml:13590 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/editors/libreoffice\n" @@ -21601,24 +21594,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:13571 +#: book.translate.xml:13594 msgid "" "To build a localized version, cd into the port directory " "of the desired language. Supported languages can be found in the editors " -"category (freebsd.org/ports/editors.html) of the Ports Collection." msgstr "" "要編譯在地化版本，則需 cd 進入想要的語言 Port 目錄。支援的" -"語言可在 Port 套件集的編輯器分類 (freebsd.org/ports/editors.html) 中找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:13581 +#: book.translate.xml:13604 msgid "Document Viewers" msgstr "文件閱覽程式" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13583 +#: book.translate.xml:13606 msgid "" "Some new document formats have gained popularity since the advent of " "UNIX and the viewers they " @@ -21630,58 +21623,58 @@ "以下文件檢視程式：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13601 +#: book.translate.xml:13624 msgid "Xpdf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13604 +#: book.translate.xml:13627 msgid "FreeType" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13608 book.translate.xml:13673 +#: book.translate.xml:13631 book.translate.xml:13696 msgid "gv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13611 +#: book.translate.xml:13634 msgid "Xaw3d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13615 +#: book.translate.xml:13638 msgid "Geeqie" msgstr "Geeqie" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13623 +#: book.translate.xml:13646 msgid "ePDFView" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13630 +#: book.translate.xml:13653 msgid "Okular" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13640 +#: book.translate.xml:13663 msgid "Xpdf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13642 +#: book.translate.xml:13665 msgid "Xpdf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13645 book.translate.xml:13678 book.translate.xml:13744 +#: book.translate.xml:13668 book.translate.xml:13701 book.translate.xml:13767 msgid "PDF viewing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13650 +#: book.translate.xml:13673 msgid "" "For users that prefer a small FreeBSD PDF viewer, Xpdf provides a light-weight and efficient viewer which requires few " @@ -21693,24 +21686,24 @@ "準的 X 字型且不需要額外的工具包(Toolkit)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13656 +#: book.translate.xml:13679 msgid "To install the Xpdf package:" msgstr "安裝 Xpdf 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13659 +#: book.translate.xml:13682 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install xpdf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13661 book.translate.xml:13731 book.translate.xml:13876 -#: book.translate.xml:13910 book.translate.xml:13943 +#: book.translate.xml:13684 book.translate.xml:13754 book.translate.xml:13899 +#: book.translate.xml:13933 book.translate.xml:13966 msgid "If the package is not available, use the Ports Collection:" msgstr "若沒有可用的套件版本，可使用 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13664 +#: book.translate.xml:13687 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/xpdf\n" @@ -21718,24 +21711,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13667 +#: book.translate.xml:13690 msgid "" "Once the installation is complete, launch xpdf and use " "the right mouse button to activate the menu." msgstr "完成安裝後，執行 xpdf 並使用滑鼠右鍵開啟選單。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13675 +#: book.translate.xml:13698 msgid "gv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13682 +#: book.translate.xml:13705 msgid "PostScript viewing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13687 +#: book.translate.xml:13710 msgid "" "gv is a PostScript and PDF viewer. It is based on " @@ -21753,23 +21746,23 @@ "可以從鍵盤或滑鼠來完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13696 +#: book.translate.xml:13719 msgid "To install gv as a package:" msgstr "安裝 gv 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13699 +#: book.translate.xml:13722 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13701 book.translate.xml:13763 book.translate.xml:13793 +#: book.translate.xml:13724 book.translate.xml:13786 book.translate.xml:13816 msgid "If a package is unavailable, use the Ports Collection:" msgstr "若沒有可用的套件版本，可使用 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13704 +#: book.translate.xml:13727 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/print/gv\n" @@ -21777,17 +21770,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13709 +#: book.translate.xml:13732 msgid "Geeqie" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13711 +#: book.translate.xml:13734 msgid "Geeqie" msgstr "Geeqie" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13715 +#: book.translate.xml:13738 msgid "" "Geeqie is a fork from the unmaintained " "GQView project, in an effort to move development " @@ -21806,18 +21799,18 @@ "用全螢幕閱覽以及國際化。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13726 +#: book.translate.xml:13749 msgid "To install the Geeqie package:" msgstr "安裝 Geeqie 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13729 +#: book.translate.xml:13752 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install geeqie" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13734 +#: book.translate.xml:13757 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/geeqie\n" @@ -21825,17 +21818,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13739 +#: book.translate.xml:13762 msgid "ePDFView" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13741 +#: book.translate.xml:13764 msgid "ePDFView" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13749 +#: book.translate.xml:13772 msgid "" "ePDFView is a lightweight PDF " "document viewer that only uses the Gtk+ and " @@ -21851,18 +21844,18 @@ "application> 來列印。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13758 +#: book.translate.xml:13781 msgid "To install ePDFView as a package:" msgstr "要以套件安裝 ePDFView：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13761 +#: book.translate.xml:13784 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install epdfview" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13766 +#: book.translate.xml:13789 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/epdfview\n" @@ -21870,23 +21863,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13771 +#: book.translate.xml:13794 msgid "Okular" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13773 +#: book.translate.xml:13796 msgid "Okular" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13776 +#: book.translate.xml:13799 msgid "" "PDF viewing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13781 +#: book.translate.xml:13804 msgid "" "Okular is a universal document viewer based on " "KPDF for KDE. It can " @@ -21901,18 +21894,18 @@ "XPS 以及 ePub。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13788 +#: book.translate.xml:13811 msgid "To install Okular as a package:" msgstr "要以套件安裝 Okular：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13791 +#: book.translate.xml:13814 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install okular" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13796 +#: book.translate.xml:13819 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/okular\n" @@ -21920,12 +21913,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:13802 +#: book.translate.xml:13825 msgid "Finance" msgstr "財務" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13804 +#: book.translate.xml:13827 msgid "" "For managing personal finances on a FreeBSD desktop, some powerful and easy-" "to-use applications can be installed. Some are compatible with widespread " @@ -21937,42 +21930,42 @@ "Quicken 或 Excel 文件。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13810 +#: book.translate.xml:13833 msgid "This section covers these programs:" msgstr "這節涵蓋了下面這些軟體：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13825 +#: book.translate.xml:13848 msgid "GnuCash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13828 book.translate.xml:13835 +#: book.translate.xml:13851 book.translate.xml:13858 msgid "GNOME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13832 +#: book.translate.xml:13855 msgid "Gnumeric" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:13839 +#: book.translate.xml:13862 msgid "KMyMoney" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13849 +#: book.translate.xml:13872 msgid "GnuCash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13851 +#: book.translate.xml:13874 msgid "GnuCash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13855 +#: book.translate.xml:13878 msgid "" "GnuCash is part of the GNOME effort to provide user-friendly, yet powerful, applications to " @@ -21986,7 +21979,7 @@ "蹤收入與花費、銀行帳戶以及股票證券等。 它的特性是介面直覺但功能仍非常專業。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13863 +#: book.translate.xml:13886 msgid "" "GnuCash provides a smart register, a hierarchical " "system of accounts, and many keyboard accelerators and auto-completion " @@ -22001,18 +21994,18 @@ "application> QIF 檔案。 它也能處理大部分國際的日期及通用貨幣之格式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13871 +#: book.translate.xml:13894 msgid "To install the GnuCash package:" msgstr "安裝 GnuCash 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13874 +#: book.translate.xml:13897 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gnucash" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13879 +#: book.translate.xml:13902 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/finance/gnucash\n" @@ -22020,17 +22013,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13884 +#: book.translate.xml:13907 msgid "Gnumeric" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13886 +#: book.translate.xml:13909 msgid "Gnumeric" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13889 +#: book.translate.xml:13912 msgid "" "spreadsheet Gnumeric" @@ -22039,7 +22032,7 @@ "secondary>" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13894 +#: book.translate.xml:13917 msgid "" "Gnumeric is a spreadsheet program developed by " "the GNOME community. It features convenient " @@ -22058,18 +22051,18 @@ "儲存格格式，像是：數字、貨幣、日期、時間及其他格式等。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13905 +#: book.translate.xml:13928 msgid "To install Gnumeric as a package:" msgstr "安裝 Gnumeric 套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13908 +#: book.translate.xml:13931 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install gnumeric" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13913 +#: book.translate.xml:13936 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/math/gnumeric\n" @@ -22077,17 +22070,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:13918 +#: book.translate.xml:13941 msgid "KMyMoney" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13920 +#: book.translate.xml:13943 msgid "KMyMoney" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:13922 +#: book.translate.xml:13945 msgid "" "spreadsheet KMyMoney" @@ -22096,7 +22089,7 @@ "secondary>" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13927 +#: book.translate.xml:13950 msgid "" "KMyMoney is a personal finance application " "created by the KDE community. " @@ -22115,18 +22108,18 @@ "多種貨幣並提供財務報表。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:13938 +#: book.translate.xml:13961 msgid "To install KMyMoney as a package:" msgstr "要以套件安裝 KMyMoney：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13941 +#: book.translate.xml:13964 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install kmymoney-kde4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:13946 +#: book.translate.xml:13969 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/finance/kmymoney-kde4\n" @@ -22134,19 +22127,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:13961 +#: book.translate.xml:13984 msgid "Multimedia" msgstr "多媒體" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:13964 +#: book.translate.xml:13987 msgid "" " Ross Lippert Edited by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13977 +#: book.translate.xml:14000 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports a wide variety of sound cards, allowing users to enjoy high " "fidelity output from a FreeBSD system. This includes the ability to record " @@ -22162,7 +22155,7 @@ "制 MIDI 配備的應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13986 +#: book.translate.xml:14009 msgid "" "FreeBSD also supports the playback of video files and DVDs. The FreeBSD Ports Collection contains applications to encode, " @@ -22172,7 +22165,7 @@ "中含有可編碼、轉換以及播放格種影像媒體的應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13991 +#: book.translate.xml:14014 msgid "" "This chapter describes how to configure sound cards, video playback, TV " "tuner cards, and scanners on FreeBSD. It also describes some of the " @@ -22182,32 +22175,32 @@ "有那些應用程式可以使用這些裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:13996 +#: book.translate.xml:14019 msgid "After reading this chapter, you will know how to:" msgstr "讀完這章，您將了解：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14000 +#: book.translate.xml:14023 msgid "Configure a sound card on FreeBSD." msgstr "設定 FreeBSD 上的音效卡。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14004 +#: book.translate.xml:14027 msgid "Troubleshoot the sound setup." msgstr "音效設定疑難排解。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14008 +#: book.translate.xml:14031 msgid "Playback and encode MP3s and other audio." msgstr "播放、錄製 MP3 及其他聲音檔案格式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14012 +#: book.translate.xml:14035 msgid "Prepare a FreeBSD system for video playback." msgstr "FreeBSD 系統播放影像的準備工具。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14016 +#: book.translate.xml:14039 msgid "" "Play DVDs, .mpg, and .avi files." @@ -22216,83 +22209,83 @@ "filename> 檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14021 +#: book.translate.xml:14044 msgid "" "Rip CD and DVD content into files." msgstr "" "擷取(Rip) CD 和 DVD的內容至檔案。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14026 +#: book.translate.xml:14049 msgid "Configure a TV card." msgstr "設定電視卡。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14030 +#: book.translate.xml:14053 msgid "Install and setup MythTV on FreeBSD" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 安裝 MythTV 。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14034 +#: book.translate.xml:14057 msgid "Configure an image scanner." msgstr "設定影像掃描機。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14041 +#: book.translate.xml:14064 msgid "" "Know how to install applications as described in ." msgstr "知道如何安裝應用程式如 所敘述。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:14048 +#: book.translate.xml:14071 msgid "Setting Up the Sound Card" msgstr "設定音效卡" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:14051 +#: book.translate.xml:14074 msgid "" " Moses Moore Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:14061 +#: book.translate.xml:14084 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille Enhanced by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14071 +#: book.translate.xml:14094 msgid "PCI" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14072 +#: book.translate.xml:14095 msgid "sound cards" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14073 +#: book.translate.xml:14096 msgid "" "Before beginning the configuration, determine the model of the sound card " "and the chip it uses. FreeBSD supports a wide variety of sound cards. Check " -"the supported audio devices list of the Hardware Notes to see if " +"the supported audio devices list of the Hardware Notes to see if " "the card is supported and which FreeBSD driver it uses." msgstr "" "開始設定之前，必須先知道你的音效卡型號、晶片為何。 FreeBSD 支援許多種音效卡，" -"請檢查支援的音效硬體表 Hardware Notes，以確認你的音效卡是否支" +"請檢查支援的音效硬體表 Hardware Notes，以確認你的音效卡是否支" "援以及如何在 FreeBSD 上驅動。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14080 +#: book.translate.xml:14103 msgid "kernel configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14085 +#: book.translate.xml:14108 msgid "" "In order to use the sound device, its device driver must be loaded. The " "easiest way is to load a kernel module for the sound card with " @@ -22306,13 +22299,13 @@ "效晶片驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14091 +#: book.translate.xml:14114 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload snd_hda" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14093 +#: book.translate.xml:14116 msgid "" "To automate the loading of this driver at boot time, add the driver to " "/boot/loader.conf. The line for this driver is:" @@ -22321,13 +22314,13 @@ "filename> 檔，以此驅動程式為例：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14097 +#: book.translate.xml:14120 #, no-wrap msgid "snd_hda_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14099 +#: book.translate.xml:14122 msgid "" "Other available sound modules are listed in /boot/defaults/loader." "conf. When unsure which driver to use, load the " @@ -22338,13 +22331,13 @@ "filename> 模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14104 +#: book.translate.xml:14127 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload snd_driver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14106 +#: book.translate.xml:14129 msgid "" "This is a metadriver which loads all of the most common sound drivers and " "can be used to speed up the search for the correct driver. It is also " @@ -22356,7 +22349,7 @@ "所有音效驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14112 +#: book.translate.xml:14135 msgid "" "To determine which driver was selected for the sound card after loading the " "snd_driver metadriver, type cat /dev/sndstatcat /dev/sndstat。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14117 +#: book.translate.xml:14140 msgid "Configuring a Custom Kernel with Sound Support" msgstr "設定自訂核心支援音效" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14119 +#: book.translate.xml:14142 msgid "" "This section is for users who prefer to statically compile in support for " "the sound card in a custom kernel. For more information about recompiling a " @@ -22379,20 +22372,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14123 +#: book.translate.xml:14146 msgid "" "When using a custom kernel to provide sound support, make sure that the " "audio framework driver exists in the custom kernel configuration file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14127 +#: book.translate.xml:14150 #, no-wrap msgid "device sound" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14129 +#: book.translate.xml:14152 msgid "" "Next, add support for the sound card. To continue the example of the built-" "in audio chipset based on the Intel specification from the previous section, " @@ -22400,20 +22393,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14134 +#: book.translate.xml:14157 #, no-wrap msgid "device snd_hda" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14136 +#: book.translate.xml:14159 msgid "" "Be sure to read the manual page of the driver for the device name to use for " "the driver." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14139 +#: book.translate.xml:14162 msgid "" "Non-PnP ISA sound cards may require the IRQ and I/O port settings of the " "card to be added to /boot/device.hints. During the boot " @@ -22428,7 +22421,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14149 +#: book.translate.xml:14172 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device snd_sbc\n" @@ -22436,7 +22429,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14152 +#: book.translate.xml:14175 msgid "" "If the card uses the 0x220 I/O port and IRQ 5, these lines must also be added to /boot/device.hints/boot/device.hints is described in " "sound4dmesg | grep pcm# cat /dev/sndstat\n" @@ -22512,7 +22505,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14194 +#: book.translate.xml:14217 msgid "" "The output will vary depending upon the sound card. If no pcm devices are listed, double-check that the correct device driver " @@ -22521,7 +22514,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14200 +#: book.translate.xml:14223 msgid "" "If all goes well, the sound card should now work in FreeBSD. If the " "CD or DVD drive is properly connected " @@ -22531,13 +22524,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14206 +#: book.translate.xml:14229 #, no-wrap msgid "% cdcontrol -f /dev/acd0 play 1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:14209 +#: book.translate.xml:14232 msgid "" "Audio CDs have specialized encodings which means that " "they should not be mounted using mountaudio/workman, provide a " "friendlier interface. The audio/mpg123 port can be " @@ -22553,20 +22546,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14219 +#: book.translate.xml:14242 msgid "" "Another quick way to test the card is to send data to /dev/dsp:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14222 +#: book.translate.xml:14245 #, no-wrap msgid "% cat filename > /dev/dsp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14224 +#: book.translate.xml:14247 msgid "" "where filename can be any " "type of file. This command should produce some noise, confirming that the " @@ -22574,7 +22567,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:14230 +#: book.translate.xml:14253 msgid "" "The /dev/dsp* device nodes will be created " "automatically as needed. When not in use, they do not exist and will not " @@ -22583,91 +22576,91 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14238 +#: book.translate.xml:14261 msgid "Troubleshooting Sound" msgstr "疑難排解音效" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14240 +#: book.translate.xml:14263 msgid "device nodes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14241 +#: book.translate.xml:14264 msgid "I/O port" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14242 +#: book.translate.xml:14265 msgid "IRQ" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14243 +#: book.translate.xml:14266 msgid "DSP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14245 +#: book.translate.xml:14268 msgid "" " lists some common " "error messages and their solutions:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:14249 +#: book.translate.xml:14272 msgid "Common Error Messages" msgstr "常見錯誤訊息" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14254 +#: book.translate.xml:14277 msgid "Error" msgstr "錯誤" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14255 +#: book.translate.xml:14278 msgid "Solution" msgstr "解決方式" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14261 +#: book.translate.xml:14284 msgid "sb_dspwr(XX) timed out" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:14263 +#: book.translate.xml:14286 msgid "The I/O port is not set correctly." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14268 +#: book.translate.xml:14291 msgid "bad irq XX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:14269 +#: book.translate.xml:14292 msgid "" "The IRQ is set incorrectly. Make sure that the set IRQ and the sound IRQ are " "the same." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14275 +#: book.translate.xml:14298 msgid "xxx: gus pcm not attached, out of memory" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:14277 +#: book.translate.xml:14300 msgid "There is not enough available memory to use the device." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:14282 +#: book.translate.xml:14305 msgid "xxx: can't open /dev/dsp!" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:14284 +#: book.translate.xml:14307 msgid "" "Type fstat | grep dsp to check if another application is " "holding the device open. Noteworthy troublemakers are esoundHDMI. This sound device is sometimes enumerated before " @@ -22686,7 +22679,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14304 +#: book.translate.xml:14327 #, no-wrap msgid "" "...\n" @@ -22709,7 +22702,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14322 +#: book.translate.xml:14345 msgid "" "In this example, the graphics card (NVidia) has been " "enumerated before the sound card (Realtek ALC889). To use " @@ -22718,13 +22711,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14329 +#: book.translate.xml:14352 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl hw.snd.default_unit=n" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14331 +#: book.translate.xml:14354 msgid "" "where n is the number of the sound device to use. In this " "example, it should be 4. Make this change permanent by " @@ -22732,25 +22725,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14337 +#: book.translate.xml:14360 #, no-wrap msgid "hw.snd.default_unit=4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:14342 +#: book.translate.xml:14365 msgid "Utilizing Multiple Sound Sources" msgstr "使用多個音效來源" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:14345 +#: book.translate.xml:14368 msgid "" " Munish Chopra Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14355 +#: book.translate.xml:14378 msgid "" "It is often desirable to have multiple sources of sound that are able to " "play simultaneously. FreeBSD uses Virtual Sound Channels to " @@ -22758,7 +22751,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14360 +#: book.translate.xml:14383 msgid "" "Three sysctl8 knobs are available for configuring virtual " @@ -22766,7 +22759,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14363 +#: book.translate.xml:14386 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4\n" @@ -22775,7 +22768,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14367 +#: book.translate.xml:14390 msgid "" "This example allocates four virtual channels, which is a practical number " "for everyday use. Both dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4 and " @@ -22790,7 +22783,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:14380 +#: book.translate.xml:14403 msgid "" "The number of virtual channels for a device cannot be changed while it is in " "use. First, close any programs using the device, such as music players or " @@ -22798,26 +22791,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14385 +#: book.translate.xml:14408 msgid "" "The correct pcm device will automatically be allocated " "transparently to a program that requests /dev/dsp0." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:14392 +#: book.translate.xml:14415 msgid "Setting Default Values for Mixer Channels" msgstr "設定混音器頻道的預設值" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:14395 +#: book.translate.xml:14418 msgid "" " Josef El-Rayes Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14405 +#: book.translate.xml:14428 msgid "" "The default values for the different mixer channels are hardcoded in the " "source code of the pcm50 " "when the pcm4 Chern Lee Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14437 +#: book.translate.xml:14460 msgid "" "This section describes some MP3 players available for " "FreeBSD, how to rip audio CD tracks, and how to encode " @@ -22864,12 +22857,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14443 +#: book.translate.xml:14466 msgid "MP3 Players" msgstr "MP3 播放器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14445 +#: book.translate.xml:14468 msgid "" "A popular graphical MP3 player is XMMS. It supports Winamp skins and " @@ -22881,16 +22874,16 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14455 +#: book.translate.xml:14478 msgid "" "The audio/mpg123 package or port provides an alternative, " "command-line MP3 player. Once installed, specify the " "MP3 file to play on the command line. If the system has " -"multiple audio devices, the sound device can also be specifed:" +"multiple audio devices, the sound device can also be specified:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14461 +#: book.translate.xml:14484 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mpg123 -a /dev/dsp1.0 Foobar-GreatestHits.mp3\n" @@ -22903,19 +22896,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14469 +#: book.translate.xml:14492 msgid "" "Additional MP3 players are available in the FreeBSD Ports " "Collection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14474 +#: book.translate.xml:14497 msgid "Ripping CD Audio Tracks" msgstr "擷取 CD 音軌" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14476 +#: book.translate.xml:14499 msgid "" "Before encoding a CD or CD track to " "MP3, the audio data on the CD must be " @@ -22925,7 +22918,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14483 +#: book.translate.xml:14506 msgid "" "The cdda2wav tool, which is installed with the " "sysutils/cdrtools suite, can be used to rip audio " @@ -22933,7 +22926,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14488 +#: book.translate.xml:14511 msgid "" "With the audio CD in the drive, the following command can " "be issued as root to rip an " @@ -22942,13 +22935,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14494 +#: book.translate.xml:14517 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -B" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14496 +#: book.translate.xml:14519 msgid "" "In this example, the " "indicates the SCSI device 0,1,0 " @@ -22957,29 +22950,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14503 +#: book.translate.xml:14526 msgid "To rip individual tracks, use to specify the track:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14506 +#: book.translate.xml:14529 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14508 +#: book.translate.xml:14531 msgid "To rip a range of tracks, such as track one to seven, specify a range:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14511 +#: book.translate.xml:14534 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdda2wav -D 0,1,0 -t 1+7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14513 +#: book.translate.xml:14536 msgid "" "To rip from an ATAPI (IDE) " "CDROM drive, specify the device name in place of the " @@ -22988,13 +22981,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14519 +#: book.translate.xml:14542 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdda2wav -D /dev/acd0 -t 7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14521 +#: book.translate.xml:14544 msgid "" "Alternately, dd can be used to extract audio tracks on " "ATAPI drives, as described in Lame is a popular MP3 encoder " "which can be installed from the audio/lame port. Due to " @@ -23015,7 +23008,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14534 +#: book.translate.xml:14557 msgid "" "The following command will convert the ripped WAV file " "audio01.wav to " @@ -23023,7 +23016,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14539 +#: book.translate.xml:14562 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lame -h -b 128 --tt \"Foo Song Title\" --ta \"FooBar Artist\" --tl \"FooBar Album\" \\\n" @@ -23031,7 +23024,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14542 +#: book.translate.xml:14565 msgid "" "The specified 128 kbits is a standard MP3 bitrate while " "the 160 and 192 bitrates provide higher quality. The higher the bitrate, the " @@ -23044,7 +23037,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14555 +#: book.translate.xml:14578 msgid "" "In order to burn an audio CD from MP3s, they must first be converted to a non-compressed file format. " @@ -23055,72 +23048,72 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14563 +#: book.translate.xml:14586 msgid "" "To convert audio01.mp3 using mpg123, specify the name of the PCM file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14567 +#: book.translate.xml:14590 #, no-wrap msgid "# mpg123 -s audio01.mp3 > audio01.pcm" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14569 +#: book.translate.xml:14592 msgid "" "To use XMMS to convert a MP3 " "to WAV format, use these steps:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:14574 +#: book.translate.xml:14597 msgid "" "Converting to WAV Format in XMMS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14578 +#: book.translate.xml:14601 msgid "Launch XMMS." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14582 +#: book.translate.xml:14605 msgid "" "Right-click the window to bring up the XMMS menu." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14587 +#: book.translate.xml:14610 msgid "Select Preferences under Options." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14592 +#: book.translate.xml:14615 msgid "Change the Output Plugin to Disk Writer Plugin." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14597 +#: book.translate.xml:14620 msgid "Press Configure." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14601 +#: book.translate.xml:14624 msgid "Enter or browse to a directory to write the uncompressed files to." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14606 +#: book.translate.xml:14629 msgid "" "Load the MP3 file into XMMS as " "usual, with volume at 100% and EQ settings turned off." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14612 +#: book.translate.xml:14635 msgid "" "Press Play. The XMMS will " "appear as if it is playing the MP3, but no music will be " @@ -23128,14 +23121,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:14620 +#: book.translate.xml:14643 msgid "" "When finished, be sure to set the default Output Plugin back to what it was " "before in order to listen to MP3s again." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14626 +#: book.translate.xml:14649 msgid "" "Both the WAV and PCM formats can be " "used with cdrecord. When using WAV% sox -t wav -r 44100 -s -w -c 2 track.wav track.raw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14636 +#: book.translate.xml:14659 msgid "" "Refer to for more information on using a " "CD burner in FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:14644 +#: book.translate.xml:14667 msgid "Video Playback" msgstr "影片播放" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:14647 +#: book.translate.xml:14670 msgid "" " Ross Lippert Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14657 +#: book.translate.xml:14680 msgid "" "Before configuring video playback, determine the model and chipset of the " "video card. While Xorg supports a wide variety of " @@ -23182,7 +23175,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14666 +#: book.translate.xml:14689 msgid "" "It is a good idea to have a short MPEG test file for evaluating various " "players and options. Since some DVD applications look for " @@ -23192,13 +23185,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14673 +#: book.translate.xml:14696 #, no-wrap msgid "# ln -sf /dev/cd0 /dev/dvd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14675 +#: book.translate.xml:14698 msgid "" "Due to the nature of devfs5, manually created " @@ -23208,20 +23201,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14680 +#: book.translate.xml:14703 #, no-wrap msgid "link cd0 dvd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14682 +#: book.translate.xml:14705 msgid "" "DVD decryption invokes certain functions that require " "write permission to the DVD device." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:14686 +#: book.translate.xml:14709 msgid "" "To enhance the shared memory Xorg interface, it " "is recommended to increase the values of these " @@ -23230,7 +23223,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14691 +#: book.translate.xml:14714 #, no-wrap msgid "" "kern.ipc.shmmax=67108864\n" @@ -23238,27 +23231,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14695 +#: book.translate.xml:14718 msgid "Determining Video Capabilities" msgstr "偵測影像處理能力" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14697 +#: book.translate.xml:14720 msgid "XVideo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14698 +#: book.translate.xml:14721 msgid "SDL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14699 +#: book.translate.xml:14722 msgid "DGA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14701 +#: book.translate.xml:14724 msgid "" "There are several possible ways to display video under Xorg and what works is largely hardware dependent. Each method " @@ -23266,17 +23259,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14706 +#: book.translate.xml:14729 msgid "Common video interfaces include:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14710 +#: book.translate.xml:14733 msgid "Xorg: normal output using shared memory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14715 +#: book.translate.xml:14738 msgid "" "XVideo: an extension to the Xorg interface which " "allows video to be directly displayed in drawable objects through a special " @@ -23286,7 +23279,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14725 +#: book.translate.xml:14748 msgid "" "SDL: the Simple Directmedia Layer is a porting layer for " "many operating systems, allowing cross-platform applications to be developed " @@ -23298,7 +23291,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14737 +#: book.translate.xml:14760 msgid "" "DGA: the Direct Graphics Access is an Xorg extension which allows a program to bypass the " @@ -23312,34 +23305,34 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:14752 +#: book.translate.xml:14775 msgid "SVGAlib: a low level console graphics layer." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:14757 +#: book.translate.xml:14780 msgid "XVideo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14759 +#: book.translate.xml:14782 msgid "" "To check whether this extension is running, use xvinfo:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14762 +#: book.translate.xml:14785 #, no-wrap msgid "% xvinfo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14764 +#: book.translate.xml:14787 msgid "XVideo is supported for the card if the result is similar to:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14767 +#: book.translate.xml:14790 #, no-wrap msgid "" "X-Video Extension version 2.2\n" @@ -23413,19 +23406,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14836 +#: book.translate.xml:14859 msgid "" "The formats listed, such as YUV2 and YUV12, are not present with every " "implementation of XVideo and their absence may hinder some players." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14840 +#: book.translate.xml:14863 msgid "If the result instead looks like:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14842 +#: book.translate.xml:14865 #, no-wrap msgid "" "X-Video Extension version 2.2\n" @@ -23434,7 +23427,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14846 +#: book.translate.xml:14869 msgid "" "XVideo is probably not supported for the card. This means that it will be " "more difficult for the display to meet the computational demands of " @@ -23442,36 +23435,36 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:14854 +#: book.translate.xml:14877 msgid "Ports and Packages Dealing with Video" msgstr "可處理影像的 Port 與套件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14856 +#: book.translate.xml:14879 msgid "video ports" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14857 +#: book.translate.xml:14880 msgid "video packages" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:14859 +#: book.translate.xml:14882 msgid "" "This section introduces some of the software available from the FreeBSD " "Ports Collection which can be used for video playback." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:14864 +#: book.translate.xml:14887 msgid "" "MPlayer and MEncoder" msgstr "" "MPlayer 與 MEncoder" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14867 +#: book.translate.xml:14890 msgid "" "MPlayer is a command-line video player with an " "optional graphical interface which aims to provide speed and flexibility. " @@ -23480,12 +23473,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:14873 +#: book.translate.xml:14896 msgid "MPlayer" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14875 +#: book.translate.xml:14898 msgid "" "MPlayer can be installed using the " "multimedia/mplayer package or port. Several compile " @@ -23495,7 +23488,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14882 +#: book.translate.xml:14905 msgid "" "When compiling the port, the menu options should be reviewed to determine " "the type of support to compile into the port. If an option is not selected, " @@ -23506,7 +23499,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14891 +#: book.translate.xml:14914 msgid "" "By default, the package or port will build the mplayer " "command line utility and the gmplayer graphical utility. " @@ -23516,7 +23509,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14898 +#: book.translate.xml:14921 msgid "" "The first time MPlayer is run, it will create " "~/.mplayer in the user's home directory. This " @@ -23525,14 +23518,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14903 +#: book.translate.xml:14926 msgid "" "This section describes only a few common uses. Refer to mplayer(1) for a " "complete description of its numerous options." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14907 +#: book.translate.xml:14930 msgid "" "To play the file testfile.avi, specify the video interfaces with , as seen " @@ -23540,44 +23533,44 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14912 +#: book.translate.xml:14935 #, no-wrap msgid "% mplayer -vo xv testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14914 +#: book.translate.xml:14937 #, no-wrap msgid "% mplayer -vo sdl testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14916 +#: book.translate.xml:14939 #, no-wrap msgid "% mplayer -vo x11 testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14918 +#: book.translate.xml:14941 #, no-wrap msgid "# mplayer -vo dga testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14920 +#: book.translate.xml:14943 #, no-wrap msgid "# mplayer -vo 'sdl:dga' testfile.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14922 +#: book.translate.xml:14945 msgid "" "It is worth trying all of these options, as their relative performance " "depends on many factors and will vary significantly with hardware." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14926 +#: book.translate.xml:14949 msgid "" "To play a DVD, replace testfile." "avi with , which " "engages fullscreen mode, and , which helps " @@ -23619,14 +23612,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14956 +#: book.translate.xml:14979 msgid "" "Each user can add commonly used options to their ~/.mplayer/" "config like so:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:14959 +#: book.translate.xml:14982 #, no-wrap msgid "" "vo=xv\n" @@ -23635,7 +23628,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14963 +#: book.translate.xml:14986 msgid "" "mplayer can be used to rip a DVD title " "to a .vob. To dump the second title from a " @@ -23643,20 +23636,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:14968 +#: book.translate.xml:14991 #, no-wrap msgid "# mplayer -dumpstream -dumpfile out.vob dvd://2 -dvd-device /dev/dvd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14970 +#: book.translate.xml:14993 msgid "" "The output file, out.vob, will be in MPEG format." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14973 +#: book.translate.xml:14996 msgid "" "Anyone wishing to obtain a high level of expertise with UNIX video should consult mencoder" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14983 +#: book.translate.xml:15006 msgid "" "Before using mencoder, it is a good idea to become " "familiar with the options described at % mencoder input.avi -oac copy -ovc copy -o output.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14996 +#: book.translate.xml:15019 msgid "" "To rip to a file, use with mplayer." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:14999 +#: book.translate.xml:15022 msgid "" "To convert input.avi to the " "MPEG4 codec with MPEG3 audio encoding, first install the audio/" @@ -23711,7 +23704,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15006 +#: book.translate.xml:15029 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% mencoder input.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts br=192 \\\n" @@ -23719,14 +23712,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:15009 +#: book.translate.xml:15032 msgid "" "This will produce output playable by applications such as mplayer and xine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:15013 +#: book.translate.xml:15036 msgid "" "input.avi can be replaced " "with and run as xine Video Player" msgstr "xine 影像播放器" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:15026 +#: book.translate.xml:15049 msgid "" "xine is a video player with a reusable base " "library and a modular executable which can be extended with plugins. It can " @@ -23749,7 +23742,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:15031 +#: book.translate.xml:15054 msgid "" "In practice, xine requires either a fast CPU with " "a fast video card, or support for the XVideo extension. The " @@ -23758,39 +23751,39 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:15036 +#: book.translate.xml:15059 msgid "" "By default, the xine player starts a graphical " "user interface. The menus can then be used to open a specific file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:15040 +#: book.translate.xml:15063 msgid "" "Alternatively, xine may be invoked from the " "command line by specifying the name of the file to play:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15044 +#: book.translate.xml:15067 #, no-wrap msgid "% xine -g -p mymovie.avi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:15046 +#: book.translate.xml:15069 msgid "" "Refer to xine-project." "org/faq for more information and troubleshooting tips." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:15052 +#: book.translate.xml:15075 msgid "The Transcode Utilities" msgstr "Transcode 工具" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:15055 +#: book.translate.xml:15078 msgid "" "Transcode provides a suite of tools for re-" "encoding video and audio files. Transcode can be " @@ -23799,7 +23792,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:15061 +#: book.translate.xml:15084 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, Transcode can be installed using the " "multimedia/transcode package or port. Many users prefer " @@ -23812,14 +23805,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:15072 +#: book.translate.xml:15095 msgid "" "This example demonstrates how to convert a DivX file into a PAL MPEG-1 file " "(PAL VCD):" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15075 +#: book.translate.xml:15098 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% transcode -i input.avi -V --export_prof vcd-pal -o output_vcd\n" @@ -23827,7 +23820,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:15078 +#: book.translate.xml:15101 msgid "" "The resulting MPEG file, " "output_vcd.mpg, is ready to " @@ -23838,7 +23831,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:15087 +#: book.translate.xml:15110 msgid "" "In addition to the manual page for transcode, refer to " " Josef El-Rayes Original contribution by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:15109 +#: book.translate.xml:15132 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille Enhanced and adapted by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15119 +#: book.translate.xml:15142 msgid "TV cards" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15123 +#: book.translate.xml:15146 msgid "" "TV cards can be used to watch broadcast or cable TV on a computer. Most " "cards accept composite video via an RCA or S-video input " @@ -23882,7 +23875,7 @@ "FM 廣播的功能。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15128 +#: book.translate.xml:15151 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides support for PCI-based TV cards using a Brooktree " "Bt848/849/878/879 video capture chip with the " @@ -23900,12 +23893,12 @@ "manvolnum> 說明，以查看所支援的硬體清單。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15135 +#: book.translate.xml:15158 msgid "Loading the Driver" msgstr "載入驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15137 +#: book.translate.xml:15160 msgid "" "In order to use the card, the bktr4 driver must be loaded. " @@ -23917,13 +23910,13 @@ "在 /boot/loader.conf 檔加上下面這一行就可以了：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15141 +#: book.translate.xml:15164 #, no-wrap msgid "bktr_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15143 +#: book.translate.xml:15166 msgid "" "Alternatively, one can statically compile support for the TV card into a " "custom kernel. In that case, add the following lines to the custom kernel " @@ -23933,7 +23926,7 @@ "加入以下行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15148 +#: book.translate.xml:15171 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device\t bktr\n" @@ -23943,7 +23936,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15153 +#: book.translate.xml:15176 msgid "" "These additional devices are necessary as the card components are " "interconnected via an I2C bus. Then, build and install a new kernel." @@ -23952,7 +23945,7 @@ "連接的。接下來，請編譯、安裝新的核心 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15157 +#: book.translate.xml:15180 msgid "" "To test that the tuner is correctly detected, reboot the system. The TV card " "should appear in the boot messages, as seen in this example:" @@ -23961,7 +23954,7 @@ "機訊息檔中，如同此範例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15161 +#: book.translate.xml:15184 #, no-wrap msgid "" "bktr0: <BrookTree 848A> mem 0xd7000000-0xd7000fff irq 10 at device 10.0 on pci0\n" @@ -23973,7 +23966,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15168 +#: book.translate.xml:15191 msgid "" "The messages will differ according to the hardware. If necessary, it is " "possible to override some of the detected parameters using " @@ -23988,13 +23981,13 @@ "SECAM 調諧器則可加入下列行至自訂核心設定檔：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15175 +#: book.translate.xml:15198 #, no-wrap msgid "options OVERRIDE_TUNER=6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15177 +#: book.translate.xml:15200 msgid "" "or, use sysctl8:" @@ -24003,13 +23996,13 @@ "manvolnum>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15179 +#: book.translate.xml:15202 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl hw.bt848.tuner=6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15181 +#: book.translate.xml:15204 msgid "" "Refer to bktr4 for a description of the available " @@ -24022,43 +24015,43 @@ "項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15186 +#: book.translate.xml:15209 msgid "Useful Applications" msgstr "好用的應用程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15188 +#: book.translate.xml:15211 msgid "To use the TV card, install one of the following applications:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15193 +#: book.translate.xml:15216 msgid "" "multimedia/fxtv provides TV-in-a-window and image/audio/" "video capture capabilities." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15198 +#: book.translate.xml:15221 msgid "" "multimedia/xawtv is another TV application with similar " "features." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15202 +#: book.translate.xml:15225 msgid "" "audio/xmradio provides an application for using the FM " "radio tuner of a TV card." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15208 +#: book.translate.xml:15231 msgid "More applications are available in the FreeBSD Ports Collection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15215 +#: book.translate.xml:15238 msgid "" "If any problems are encountered with the TV card, check that the video " "capture chip and the tuner are supported by " @@ -24070,12 +24063,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:15224 +#: book.translate.xml:15247 msgid "MythTV" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15226 +#: book.translate.xml:15249 msgid "" "MythTV is a popular, open source Personal Video Recorder (PVR) application. This section demonstrates how to install and setup " @@ -24084,14 +24077,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15231 +#: book.translate.xml:15254 msgid "" "MythTV requires a frontend and a backend. These components can either be " "installed on the same system or on different machines." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15235 +#: book.translate.xml:15258 msgid "" "The frontend can be installed on FreeBSD using the multimedia/" "mythtv-frontend package or port. Xorg " @@ -24102,7 +24095,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15244 +#: book.translate.xml:15267 msgid "" "To install both the backend and the frontend on FreeBSD, use the " "multimedia/mythtv package or port. A MySQLV4L) to access video input " "devices such as encoders and tuners. In FreeBSD, MythTV works best with " @@ -24136,35 +24129,35 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15272 +#: book.translate.xml:15295 msgid "" "The wiki.freebsd.org/HTPC page contains a list of all available DVB drivers." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15278 +#: book.translate.xml:15301 msgid "Setting up the MythTV Backend" msgstr "設定 MythTV 後端" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15280 +#: book.translate.xml:15303 msgid "To install MythTV using binary packages:" msgstr "要使用 Binary 套件安裝 MythTV 可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15282 +#: book.translate.xml:15305 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install mythtv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15284 -msgid "Alternatively, to install from the Ports Collecton:" -msgstr "或由 Port 套件集安裝：" +#: book.translate.xml:15307 +msgid "Alternatively, to install from the Ports Collection:" +msgstr "或從 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15286 +#: book.translate.xml:15309 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mythtv\n" @@ -24172,34 +24165,34 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15289 +#: book.translate.xml:15312 msgid "Once installed, set up the MythTV database:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15291 +#: book.translate.xml:15314 #, no-wrap msgid "# mysql -uroot -p < /usr/local/share/mythtv/database/mc.sql" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15293 +#: book.translate.xml:15316 msgid "Then, configure the backend:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15295 +#: book.translate.xml:15318 #, no-wrap msgid "# mythtv-setup" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15297 +#: book.translate.xml:15320 msgid "Finally, start the backend:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15299 +#: book.translate.xml:15322 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# echo 'mythbackend_enable=\"YES\"' >> /etc/rc.conf\n" @@ -24207,24 +24200,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:15306 +#: book.translate.xml:15329 msgid "Image Scanners" msgstr "影像掃描器" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:15309 +#: book.translate.xml:15332 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15319 +#: book.translate.xml:15342 msgid "image scanners" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15323 +#: book.translate.xml:15346 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, access to image scanners is provided by SANE (Scanner Access Now Easy), which is available in the FreeBSD " @@ -24233,7 +24226,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15329 +#: book.translate.xml:15352 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports both SCSI and USB " "scanners. Depending upon the scanner interface, different device drivers are " @@ -24245,7 +24238,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15337 +#: book.translate.xml:15360 msgid "" "This chapter describes how to determine if the scanner has been detected by " "FreeBSD. It then provides an overview of how to configure and use " @@ -24253,12 +24246,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15343 +#: book.translate.xml:15366 msgid "Checking the Scanner" msgstr "檢查掃描器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15345 +#: book.translate.xml:15368 msgid "" "The GENERIC kernel includes the device drivers needed " "to support USB scanners. Users with a custom kernel " @@ -24267,7 +24260,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15351 +#: book.translate.xml:15374 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device usb\n" @@ -24277,7 +24270,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15356 +#: book.translate.xml:15379 msgid "" "To determine if the USB scanner is detected, plug it in " "and use dmesg to determine whether the scanner appears in " @@ -24286,13 +24279,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15362 +#: book.translate.xml:15385 #, no-wrap msgid "ugen0.2: <EPSON> at usbus0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15364 +#: book.translate.xml:15387 msgid "" "In this example, an EPSON Perfection 1650 USB scanner was detected on /" @@ -24300,7 +24293,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15369 +#: book.translate.xml:15392 msgid "" "If the scanner uses a SCSI interface, it is important to " "know which SCSI controller board it will use. Depending " @@ -24314,7 +24307,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15381 +#: book.translate.xml:15404 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device scbus\n" @@ -24322,12 +24315,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15384 +#: book.translate.xml:15407 msgid "Verify that the device is displayed in the system message buffer:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15387 +#: book.translate.xml:15410 #, no-wrap msgid "" "pass2 at aic0 bus 0 target 2 lun 0\n" @@ -24336,7 +24329,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15391 +#: book.translate.xml:15414 msgid "" "If the scanner was not powered-on at system boot, it is still possible to " "manually force detection by performing a SCSI bus scan " @@ -24344,7 +24337,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15396 +#: book.translate.xml:15419 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# camcontrol rescan all\n" @@ -24355,13 +24348,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15402 +#: book.translate.xml:15425 msgid "" "The scanner should now appear in the SCSI devices list:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15405 +#: book.translate.xml:15428 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# camcontrol devlist\n" @@ -24372,7 +24365,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15411 +#: book.translate.xml:15434 msgid "" "Refer to scsi4 and camcontrolSANE Configuration" msgstr "SANE 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15418 +#: book.translate.xml:15441 msgid "" "The SANE system is split in two parts: the " "backends (graphics/sane-backends) and the frontends " @@ -24401,23 +24394,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15431 +#: book.translate.xml:15454 msgid "To install the two parts from binary packages:" msgstr "要由 Binary 套件安裝這兩個部份可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15433 +#: book.translate.xml:15456 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install xsane sane-frontends" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15435 +#: book.translate.xml:15458 msgid "Alternatively, to install from the Ports Collection" msgstr "或由 Port 套件集安裝：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15437 +#: book.translate.xml:15460 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/graphics/sane-frontends\n" @@ -24427,7 +24420,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15442 +#: book.translate.xml:15465 msgid "" "After installing the graphics/sane-backends port or " "package, use sane-find-scanner to check the scanner " @@ -24435,7 +24428,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15448 +#: book.translate.xml:15471 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sane-find-scanner -q\n" @@ -24443,7 +24436,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15451 +#: book.translate.xml:15474 msgid "" "The output should show the interface type of the scanner and the device node " "used to attach the scanner to the system. The vendor and the product model " @@ -24451,14 +24444,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:15456 +#: book.translate.xml:15479 msgid "" "Some USB scanners require firmware to be loaded. Refer to " "sane-find-scanner(1) and sane(7) for details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15461 +#: book.translate.xml:15484 msgid "" "Next, check if the scanner will be identified by a scanning frontend. The " "SANE backends include scanimage# scanimage -L\n" @@ -24479,7 +24472,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15474 +#: book.translate.xml:15497 msgid "" "In this second example, 'epson2:libusb:/dev/usb:/dev/ugen0.2' is the backend name (epson2) and /dev/" @@ -24487,14 +24480,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15480 +#: book.translate.xml:15503 msgid "" "If scanimage is unable to identify the scanner, this " "message will appear:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15483 +#: book.translate.xml:15506 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# scanimage -L\n" @@ -24506,7 +24499,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15490 +#: book.translate.xml:15513 msgid "" "If this happens, edit the backend configuration file in /usr/local/" "etc/sane.d/ and define the scanner device used. For example, if " @@ -24518,20 +24511,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15500 +#: book.translate.xml:15523 #, no-wrap msgid "usb /dev/ugen0.2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15502 +#: book.translate.xml:15525 msgid "" "Save the edits and verify that the scanner is identified with the right " "backend name and the device node:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15505 +#: book.translate.xml:15528 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# scanimage -L\n" @@ -24539,14 +24532,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15508 +#: book.translate.xml:15531 msgid "" "Once scanimage -L sees the scanner, the configuration is " "complete and the scanner is now ready to use." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15512 +#: book.translate.xml:15535 msgid "" "While scanimage can be used to perform an image " "acquisition from the command line, it is often preferable to use a graphical " @@ -24556,7 +24549,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15519 +#: book.translate.xml:15542 msgid "" "Alternately, xsane, which is installed with the " "graphics/xsane package or port, is another popular " @@ -24566,12 +24559,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15528 +#: book.translate.xml:15551 msgid "Scanner Permissions" msgstr "掃描器權限" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15530 +#: book.translate.xml:15553 msgid "" "In order to have access to the scanner, a user needs read and write " "permissions to the device node used by the scanner. In the previous example, " @@ -24587,20 +24580,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15543 +#: book.translate.xml:15566 msgid "" "This example creates a group called usb:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15545 +#: book.translate.xml:15568 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupadd usb" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15547 +#: book.translate.xml:15570 msgid "" "Then, make the /dev/ugen0.2 symlink and the /" "dev/usb/0.2.0 device node accessible to the usb in order to allow access to the scanner:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15561 +#: book.translate.xml:15584 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod usb -m joe" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:15563 +#: book.translate.xml:15586 msgid "" "For more details refer to pw8." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:15593 +#: book.translate.xml:15616 msgid "Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel" msgstr "設定 FreeBSD 核心" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15598 +#: book.translate.xml:15621 msgid "" "kernel building a custom kernel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15603 +#: book.translate.xml:15626 msgid "" "The kernel is the core of the FreeBSD operating system. It is responsible " "for managing memory, enforcing security controls, networking, disk access, " @@ -24662,38 +24655,38 @@ "定並編譯自訂的核心。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15613 +#: book.translate.xml:15636 msgid "When to build a custom kernel." msgstr "何時需要編譯自訂核心。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15617 +#: book.translate.xml:15640 msgid "How to take a hardware inventory." msgstr "如何取得硬體資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15621 +#: book.translate.xml:15644 msgid "How to customize a kernel configuration file." msgstr "如何量身訂做核心設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15625 +#: book.translate.xml:15648 msgid "" "How to use the kernel configuration file to create and build a new kernel." msgstr "如何使用核心設定檔來建立並編譯新的核心。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15630 +#: book.translate.xml:15653 msgid "How to install the new kernel." msgstr "如何安裝新的核心。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15634 +#: book.translate.xml:15657 msgid "How to troubleshoot if things go wrong." msgstr "發生錯誤時如何排除問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15638 +#: book.translate.xml:15661 msgid "" "All of the commands listed in the examples in this chapter should be " "executed as root." @@ -24702,12 +24695,12 @@ "systemitem> 來執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:15643 +#: book.translate.xml:15666 msgid "Why Build a Custom Kernel?" msgstr "為何要編譯自訂的核心?" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15645 +#: book.translate.xml:15668 msgid "" "Traditionally, FreeBSD used a monolithic kernel. The kernel was one large " "program, supported a fixed list of devices, and in order to change the " @@ -24718,7 +24711,7 @@ "重新開機，才能使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15650 +#: book.translate.xml:15673 msgid "" "Today, most of the functionality in the FreeBSD kernel is contained in " "modules which can be dynamically loaded and unloaded from the kernel as " @@ -24731,7 +24724,7 @@ "功能，這就是所謂模組化核心 (Modular Kernel)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15657 +#: book.translate.xml:15680 msgid "" "Occasionally, it is still necessary to perform static kernel configuration. " "Sometimes the needed functionality is so tied to the kernel that it can not " @@ -24744,7 +24737,7 @@ "載核心模組，且只要將需要的功能靜態的編譯到核心當中。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15664 +#: book.translate.xml:15687 msgid "" "Building a custom kernel is often a rite of passage for advanced BSD users. " "This process, while time consuming, can provide benefits to the FreeBSD " @@ -24758,7 +24751,7 @@ "『自己硬體』的部分就好。 自訂核心有許多項優點，如︰" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15674 +#: book.translate.xml:15697 msgid "" "Faster boot time. Since the kernel will only probe the hardware on the " "system, the time it takes the system to boot can decrease." @@ -24767,7 +24760,7 @@ "流暢快速。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15680 +#: book.translate.xml:15703 msgid "" "Lower memory usage. A custom kernel often uses less memory than the " "GENERIC kernel by omitting unused features and device " @@ -24781,7 +24774,7 @@ "使用。因此，自訂核心對於記憶體較小的系統來說，發揮很大的作用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:15691 +#: book.translate.xml:15714 msgid "" "Additional hardware support. A custom kernel can add support for devices " "which are not present in the GENERIC kernel." @@ -24790,7 +24783,7 @@ "提供的硬體支援。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15697 +#: book.translate.xml:15720 msgid "" "Before building a custom kernel, consider the reason for doing so. If there " "is a need for specific hardware support, it may already exist as a module." @@ -24799,7 +24792,7 @@ "已有既有的模組可以使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15701 +#: book.translate.xml:15724 msgid "" "Kernel modules exist in /boot/kernel and may be " "dynamically loaded into the running kernel using " @@ -24817,7 +24810,7 @@ "其操作手冊有以下資訊：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15707 +#: book.translate.xml:15730 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place the\n" @@ -24827,7 +24820,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15712 +#: book.translate.xml:15735 msgid "" "Adding if_ath_load=\"YES\" to /boot/loader." "conf will load this module dynamically at boot time." @@ -24836,7 +24829,7 @@ "filename> 會於開機期間自動載入這個模組。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15716 +#: book.translate.xml:15739 msgid "" "In some cases, there is no associated module in /boot/kernel. This is mostly true for certain subsystems." @@ -24845,12 +24838,12 @@ "統大多是真的。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:15733 +#: book.translate.xml:15756 msgid "Finding the System Hardware" msgstr "偵測系統硬體" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15735 +#: book.translate.xml:15758 msgid "" "Before editing the kernel configuration file, it is recommended to perform " "an inventory of the machine's hardware. On a dual-boot system, the inventory " @@ -24864,7 +24857,7 @@ "application> (Device Manager) 內會有目前已安裝的硬體資訊。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:15743 +#: book.translate.xml:15766 msgid "" "Some versions of Microsoft Windows have a " @@ -24876,7 +24869,7 @@ "(System) 圖示可用來進入 裝置管理員。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15748 +#: book.translate.xml:15771 msgid "" "If FreeBSD is the only installed operating system, use " "dmesg8 驅動程式偵測到了一隻滑鼠：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15755 +#: book.translate.xml:15778 #, no-wrap msgid "" "psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0\n" @@ -24904,14 +24897,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15760 +#: book.translate.xml:15783 msgid "" "Since this hardware exists, this driver should not be removed from a custom " "kernel configuration file." msgstr "因為該硬體存在，此驅動程式便不應該從自訂核心設定檔中移除。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15763 +#: book.translate.xml:15786 msgid "" "If the output of dmesg does not display the results of " "the boot probe output, instead read the contents of /var/run/dmesg." @@ -24921,7 +24914,7 @@ "/var/run/dmesg.boot 檔案的內容。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15767 +#: book.translate.xml:15790 msgid "" "Another tool for finding hardware is pciconf8, which provides more " @@ -24932,7 +24925,7 @@ "訊，該工具會列出更詳細的硬體資訊如：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15770 +#: book.translate.xml:15793 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% pciconf -lv\n" @@ -24944,7 +24937,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15777 +#: book.translate.xml:15800 msgid "" "This output shows that the ath driver located a " "wireless Ethernet device." @@ -24953,7 +24946,7 @@ "置。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15780 +#: book.translate.xml:15803 msgid "" "The flag of man1 can be used to provide " @@ -24965,21 +24958,16 @@ "出有包含指定裝置品牌或名稱的手冊頁面清單：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15785 +#: book.translate.xml:15808 #, no-wrap -msgid "# man -k Atheros" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15787 -#, no-wrap msgid "" +"# man -k Atheros\n" "ath(4) - Atheros IEEE 802.11 wireless network driver\n" "ath_hal(4) - Atheros Hardware Access Layer (HAL)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15790 +#: book.translate.xml:15812 msgid "" "Once the hardware inventory list is created, refer to it to ensure that " "drivers for installed hardware are not removed as the custom kernel " @@ -24990,12 +24978,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:15807 book.translate.xml:44401 +#: book.translate.xml:15829 book.translate.xml:44787 msgid "The Configuration File" msgstr "設定檔" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15809 +#: book.translate.xml:15831 msgid "" "In order to create a custom kernel configuration file and build a custom " "kernel, the full FreeBSD source tree must first be installed." @@ -25003,7 +24991,7 @@ "為了要建立自訂核心設定檔並編譯自訂核心，必須先安裝完整的 FreeBSD 原始碼樹。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15813 +#: book.translate.xml:15835 msgid "" "If /usr/src/ does not exist or it is empty, source has " "not been installed. Source can be installed using Subversion 中的操作說明來安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15818 +#: book.translate.xml:15840 msgid "" "Once source is installed, review the contents of /usr/src/sys. This directory contains a number of subdirectories, including " @@ -25037,7 +25025,7 @@ "filename> 核心設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15832 +#: book.translate.xml:15854 msgid "" "Do not make edits to GENERIC. Instead, copy the file to " "a different name and make edits to the copy. The convention is to use a name " @@ -25054,7 +25042,7 @@ "filename> 設定檔建立了一個複本名稱為 MYKERNEL：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15841 +#: book.translate.xml:15863 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf\n" @@ -25062,7 +25050,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15844 +#: book.translate.xml:15866 msgid "" "MYKERNEL can now be " "customized with any ASCII text editor. The default editor " @@ -25075,22 +25063,22 @@ "做 ee。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15851 +#: book.translate.xml:15873 msgid "kernel NOTES" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15855 +#: book.translate.xml:15877 msgid "NOTES" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:15856 +#: book.translate.xml:15878 msgid "kernel configuration file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15861 +#: book.translate.xml:15883 msgid "" "The format of the kernel configuration file is simple. Each line contains a " "keyword that represents a device or subsystem, an argument, and a brief " @@ -25107,7 +25095,7 @@ "除 # 符號。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:15872 +#: book.translate.xml:15894 msgid "" "It is easy to remove support for a device or option and end up with a broken " "kernel. For example, if the ataNOTES, which can be found " @@ -25135,7 +25123,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:15887 +#: book.translate.xml:15909 msgid "" "When finished customizing the kernel configuration file, save a backup copy " "to a location outside of /usr/src." @@ -25143,7 +25131,7 @@ "當完成自訂的核心設定檔，請備份到 /usr/src 位置之外。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:15891 +#: book.translate.xml:15913 msgid "" "Alternately, keep the kernel configuration file elsewhere and create a " "symbolic link to the file:" @@ -25152,7 +25140,7 @@ "案：" #. (itstool) path: tip/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15894 +#: book.translate.xml:15916 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf\n" @@ -25162,7 +25150,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15900 +#: book.translate.xml:15922 msgid "" "An include directive is available for use in " "configuration files. This allows another configuration file to be included " @@ -25177,7 +25165,7 @@ "並設定額外增加的選項，如範例所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:15908 +#: book.translate.xml:15930 #, no-wrap msgid "" "include GENERIC\n" @@ -25190,7 +25178,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:15916 +#: book.translate.xml:15938 msgid "" "Using this method, the local configuration file expresses local differences " "from a GENERIC kernel. As upgrades are performed, new " @@ -25208,7 +25196,7 @@ "refentrytitle>5 找到。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:15926 +#: book.translate.xml:15948 msgid "" "To build a file which contains all available options, run the following " "command as root:" @@ -25217,59 +25205,59 @@ "systemitem> 執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:15929 +#: book.translate.xml:15951 #, no-wrap msgid "# cd /usr/src/sys/arch/conf && make LINT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:16745 +#: book.translate.xml:16767 msgid "Building and Installing a Custom Kernel" msgstr "編譯與安裝自訂核心" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16747 +#: book.translate.xml:16769 msgid "" "Once the edits to the custom configuration file have been saved, the source " "code for the kernel can be compiled using the following steps:" msgstr "完成自訂設定檔的編輯並儲存之後，便可依據以下步驟編譯核心的原始碼：" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:16752 +#: book.translate.xml:16774 msgid "Building a Kernel" msgstr "編譯核心" #. (itstool) path: procedure/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:16754 +#: book.translate.xml:16776 msgid "kernel building / installing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16760 +#: book.translate.xml:16782 msgid "Change to this directory:" msgstr "切換至此目錄：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16762 +#: book.translate.xml:16784 #, no-wrap msgid "# cd /usr/src" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16766 +#: book.translate.xml:16788 msgid "" "Compile the new kernel by specifying the name of the custom kernel " "configuration file:" msgstr "指定自訂核心設定檔的名稱來編譯新的核心：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16769 +#: book.translate.xml:16791 #, no-wrap msgid "# make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16773 +#: book.translate.xml:16795 msgid "" "Install the new kernel associated with the specified kernel configuration " "file. This command will copy the new kernel to /boot/kernel/" @@ -25281,13 +25269,13 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16779 +#: book.translate.xml:16801 #, no-wrap msgid "# make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16783 +#: book.translate.xml:16805 msgid "" "Shutdown the system and reboot into the new kernel. If something goes wrong, " "refer to ." @@ -25296,7 +25284,7 @@ "noboot\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16788 +#: book.translate.xml:16810 msgid "" "By default, when a custom kernel is compiled, all kernel modules are " "rebuilt. To update a kernel faster or to build only custom modules, edit " @@ -25306,33 +25294,33 @@ "自訂的模組，需在開始編譯之前先編輯 /etc/make.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16793 +#: book.translate.xml:16815 msgid "" "For example, this variable specifies the list of modules to build instead of " "using the default of building all modules:" msgstr "例如，使用以下變數可指定要編譯的模組清單來替代預設編譯所有模組的設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16797 +#: book.translate.xml:16819 #, no-wrap msgid "MODULES_OVERRIDE = linux acpi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16799 +#: book.translate.xml:16821 msgid "" "Alternately, this variable lists which modules to exclude from the build " "process:" msgstr "或者，可使用以下變數來從編譯程序中排除要編譯的模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16802 +#: book.translate.xml:16824 #, no-wrap msgid "WITHOUT_MODULES = linux acpi sound" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16804 +#: book.translate.xml:16826 msgid "" "Additional variables are available. Refer to " "make.conf55 取得詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:16807 +#: book.translate.xml:16829 msgid "/boot/kernel.old" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:16813 +#: book.translate.xml:16835 msgid "If Something Goes Wrong" msgstr "如果發生錯誤" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16815 +#: book.translate.xml:16837 msgid "" "There are four categories of trouble that can occur when building a custom " "kernel:" msgstr "當編譯自訂核心時可能發生以下四種類型的問題：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16820 +#: book.translate.xml:16842 msgid "config fails" msgstr "config 失敗" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16823 +#: book.translate.xml:16845 msgid "" "If config fails, it will print the line number that is " "incorrect. As an example, for the following message, make sure that line 17 " @@ -25376,18 +25364,18 @@ "17 行輸入的內容正確：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16829 +#: book.translate.xml:16851 #, no-wrap msgid "config: line 17: syntax error" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16834 +#: book.translate.xml:16856 msgid "make fails" msgstr "make 失敗" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16837 +#: book.translate.xml:16859 msgid "" "If make fails, it is usually due to an error in the " "kernel configuration file which is not severe enough for config 或替換為任何其他已經知道可以正常開機的核心名稱。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16862 +#: book.translate.xml:16884 msgid "" "After booting with a good kernel, check over the configuration file and try " "to build it again. One helpful resource is /var/log/messages 也會印出自本次開機後的核心訊息。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:16870 +#: book.translate.xml:16892 msgid "" "When troubleshooting a kernel, make sure to keep a copy of " "GENERIC, or some other kernel that is known to work, as " @@ -25457,7 +25445,7 @@ "核心目錄。" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16880 +#: book.translate.xml:16902 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mv /boot/kernel /boot/kernel.bad\n" @@ -25465,7 +25453,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:16887 +#: book.translate.xml:16909 msgid "" "The kernel works, but ps1 does not" @@ -25474,7 +25462,7 @@ "manvolnum> 無法運作" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:16890 +#: book.translate.xml:16912 msgid "" "If the kernel version differs from the one that the system utilities have " "been built with, for example, a kernel built from -CURRENT sources is " @@ -25497,19 +25485,19 @@ "是個好主意。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:16915 +#: book.translate.xml:16937 msgid "Printing" msgstr "列印" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:16918 book.translate.xml:28777 +#: book.translate.xml:16940 book.translate.xml:28796 msgid "" " Warren Block Originally contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/para -#: book.translate.xml:16927 +#: book.translate.xml:16949 msgid "" "Putting information on paper is a vital function, despite many attempts to " "eliminate it. Printing has two basic components. The data must be delivered " @@ -25519,7 +25507,7 @@ "本元件組成，包含了資料傳送到印表機的方式以及印表機可以理解的資料形式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:16935 +#: book.translate.xml:16957 msgid "" "Basic printing can be set up quickly. The printer must be capable of " "printing plain ASCII text. For printing to other types of " @@ -25530,13 +25518,13 @@ "filters\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16942 +#: book.translate.xml:16964 msgid "Create a directory to store files while they are being printed:" msgstr "建立一個目錄來儲存要被列印的檔案：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16945 book.translate.xml:17354 +#: book.translate.xml:16967 book.translate.xml:17376 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir -p /var/spool/lpd/lp\n" @@ -25545,7 +25533,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16951 +#: book.translate.xml:16973 msgid "" "As root, create /etc/" "printcap with these contents:" @@ -25554,7 +25542,7 @@ "printcap 內容如下：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16955 +#: book.translate.xml:16977 #, no-wrap msgid "" "lp:\\\n" @@ -25566,37 +25554,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:16964 +#: book.translate.xml:16986 msgid "This line is for a printer connected to a USB port." msgstr "此行是針對連接到 USB 埠的印表機：" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:16967 +#: book.translate.xml:16989 msgid "" "For a printer connected to a parallel or printer port, use:" msgstr "連接到並列或 印表器 (Printer) 埠的印表機要使用：" #. (itstool) path: callout/programlisting #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16970 book.translate.xml:17411 +#: book.translate.xml:16992 book.translate.xml:17433 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=/dev/lpt0:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:16972 +#: book.translate.xml:16994 msgid "For a printer connected directly to a network, use:" msgstr "直接連接到網路的印表機要使用：" #. (itstool) path: callout/programlisting #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16975 book.translate.xml:17420 +#: book.translate.xml:16997 book.translate.xml:17442 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=:rm=network-printer-name:rp=raw:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:16977 +#: book.translate.xml:16999 msgid "" "Replace network-printer-name with the " "DNS host name of the network printer." @@ -25605,7 +25593,7 @@ "DNS 主機名稱。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16986 +#: book.translate.xml:17008 msgid "" "Enable lpd by editing /etc/rc.conf, " "adding this line:" @@ -25615,19 +25603,19 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:16989 book.translate.xml:17477 +#: book.translate.xml:17011 book.translate.xml:17499 #, no-wrap msgid "lpd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:16991 book.translate.xml:17479 +#: book.translate.xml:17013 book.translate.xml:17501 msgid "Start the service:" msgstr "啟動服務：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:16993 +#: book.translate.xml:17015 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service lpd start\n" @@ -25635,18 +25623,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:16998 +#: book.translate.xml:17020 msgid "Print a test:" msgstr "測試列印：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17000 +#: book.translate.xml:17022 #, no-wrap msgid "# printf \"1. This printer can print.\\n2. This is the second line.\\n\" | lpr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:17003 +#: book.translate.xml:17025 msgid "" "If both lines do not start at the left border, but stairstep " "instead, see ." @@ -25655,7 +25643,7 @@ "考 。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:17008 +#: book.translate.xml:17030 msgid "" "Text files can now be printed with lpr. Give the filename " "on the command line, or pipe output directly into lpr." @@ -25664,7 +25652,7 @@ "或者將輸出使用管線符號 (Pipe) 傳送給 lpr。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17013 +#: book.translate.xml:17035 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% lpr textfile.txt\n" @@ -25672,12 +25660,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:17020 +#: book.translate.xml:17042 msgid "Printer Connections" msgstr "印表機連線" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17022 +#: book.translate.xml:17044 msgid "" "Printers are connected to computer systems in a variety of ways. Small " "desktop printers are usually connected directly to a computer's " @@ -25692,18 +25680,18 @@ "電腦共享使用，還有少部分印表機則是連接到較罕見的序列 (Serial) 埠。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17030 +#: book.translate.xml:17052 msgid "FreeBSD can communicate with all of these types of printers." msgstr "FreeBSD 可以與這些類型的印表機溝通。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17035 book.translate.xml:17397 +#: book.translate.xml:17057 book.translate.xml:17419 msgid "USB" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17038 +#: book.translate.xml:17060 msgid "" "USB printers can be connected to any available " "USB port on the computer." @@ -25712,7 +25700,7 @@ "acronym> 埠。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17042 +#: book.translate.xml:17064 msgid "" "When FreeBSD detects a USB printer, two device entries " "are created: /dev/ulpt0 and /dev/unlpt0unlpt0 不會重設 USB 埠。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:17057 +#: book.translate.xml:17079 msgid "Parallel (IEEE-1284)" msgstr "並列 (IEEE-1284)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17060 +#: book.translate.xml:17082 msgid "" "The parallel port device is /dev/lpt0. This device " "appears whether a printer is attached or not, it is not autodetected." @@ -25744,7 +25732,7 @@ "存在，它並不會自動偵測。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17065 +#: book.translate.xml:17087 msgid "" "Vendors have largely moved away from these legacy ports, and " "many computers no longer have them. Adapters can be used to connect a " @@ -25760,12 +25748,12 @@ "網路。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:17077 +#: book.translate.xml:17099 msgid "Serial (RS-232)" msgstr "序列 (RS-232)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17080 +#: book.translate.xml:17102 msgid "" "Serial ports are another legacy port, rarely used for printers except in " "certain niche applications. Cables, connectors, and required wiring vary " @@ -25775,7 +25763,7 @@ "接頭與需要的佈線方式依需求變化性很大。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17084 +#: book.translate.xml:17106 msgid "" "For serial ports built into a motherboard, the serial device name is " "/dev/cuau0 or /dev/cuau1. Serial " @@ -25788,7 +25776,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17091 +#: book.translate.xml:17113 msgid "" "Several communication parameters must be known to communicate with a serial " "printer. The most important are baud rate or " @@ -25803,17 +25791,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17101 book.translate.xml:17415 +#: book.translate.xml:17123 book.translate.xml:17437 msgid "Network" msgstr "網路" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17104 +#: book.translate.xml:17126 msgid "Network printers are connected directly to the local computer network." msgstr "網路印表機可直接連接到區域網路。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17107 +#: book.translate.xml:17129 msgid "" "The DNS hostname of the printer must be known. If the " "printer is assigned a dynamic address by DHCP, " @@ -25827,7 +25815,7 @@ "IP 位址可避免這個問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17115 +#: book.translate.xml:17137 msgid "" "Most network printers understand print jobs sent with the LPD protocol. A print queue name can also be specified. Some printers " @@ -25841,12 +25829,12 @@ "text 佇列則會在純文字上增加換行符號 (Carriage return)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17123 +#: book.translate.xml:17145 msgid "Many network printers can also print data sent directly to port 9100." msgstr "大部份網路印表機也可列印直接傳送到埠號 9100 的資料。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17132 +#: book.translate.xml:17154 msgid "" "Wired network connections are usually the easiest to set up and give the " "fastest printing. For direct connection to the computer, USBPDL。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:17153 +#: book.translate.xml:17175 msgid "ASCII" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17156 +#: book.translate.xml:17178 msgid "" "Plain ASCII text is the simplest way to send data to a " "printer. Characters correspond one to one with what will be printed: an " @@ -25900,7 +25888,7 @@ "至不需要編碼或轉譯，列印的結果可直接對應傳送的內容。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17167 +#: book.translate.xml:17189 msgid "" "Some inexpensive printers cannot print plain ASCII text. " "This makes them more difficult to set up, but it is usually still possible." @@ -25909,12 +25897,12 @@ "定。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:17175 +#: book.translate.xml:17197 msgid "PostScript" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17178 +#: book.translate.xml:17200 msgid "" "PostScript is almost the " "opposite of ASCII. Rather than simple text, a PostScript compatibility as a cost-saving measure." @@ -25940,12 +25928,12 @@ "trademark> 的相容性來節省成本。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:17193 +#: book.translate.xml:17215 msgid "PCL (Printer Command Language)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17196 +#: book.translate.xml:17218 msgid "" "PCL is an extension of ASCII, adding " "escape sequences for formatting, font selection, and printing graphics. Many " @@ -25960,12 +25948,12 @@ "(Superset)，並可以提供更快的列印速度。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:17208 +#: book.translate.xml:17230 msgid "Host-Based" msgstr "以主機為基礎 (Host-Based)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17211 +#: book.translate.xml:17233 msgid "" "Manufacturers can reduce the cost of a printer by giving it a simple " "processor and very little memory. These printers are not capable of printing " @@ -25978,7 +25966,7 @@ "稱為以主機為基礎 (Host-based) 的印表機。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:17219 +#: book.translate.xml:17241 msgid "" "Communication between the driver and a host-based printer is often through " "proprietary or undocumented protocols, making them functional only on the " @@ -25988,7 +25976,7 @@ "印表機只能在最常用的作業系統上運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17228 +#: book.translate.xml:17250 msgid "" "Converting PostScript to Other " "PDLs" @@ -25997,7 +25985,7 @@ "PDL" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17231 +#: book.translate.xml:17253 msgid "" "Many applications from the Ports Collection and FreeBSD utilities produce " "PostScript output. This table " @@ -26010,32 +25998,32 @@ "acronym> 的工具：" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:17237 +#: book.translate.xml:17259 msgid "Output PDLs" msgstr "輸出 PDL 格式" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17242 +#: book.translate.xml:17264 msgid "Output PDL" msgstr "輸出 PDL" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17244 +#: book.translate.xml:17266 msgid "Generated By" msgstr "產生由" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17251 +#: book.translate.xml:17273 msgid "PCL or PCL5" msgstr "PCL 或 PCL5" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17253 book.translate.xml:17261 book.translate.xml:17269 +#: book.translate.xml:17275 book.translate.xml:17283 book.translate.xml:17291 msgid "print/ghostscript9" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17254 +#: book.translate.xml:17276 msgid "" "-sDEVICE=ljet4 for monochrome, -sDEVICE=cljet5 for color" @@ -26044,12 +26032,12 @@ "sDEVICE=cljet5" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17259 +#: book.translate.xml:17281 msgid "PCLXL or PCL6" msgstr "PCLXL 或 PCL6" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17262 +#: book.translate.xml:17284 msgid "" "-sDEVICE=pxlmono for monochrome, -" "sDEVICE=pxlcolor for color" @@ -26058,27 +26046,27 @@ "sDEVICE=pxlcolor" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17268 +#: book.translate.xml:17290 msgid "ESC/P2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17270 +#: book.translate.xml:17292 msgid "-sDEVICE=uniprint" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17274 +#: book.translate.xml:17296 msgid "XQX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17275 +#: book.translate.xml:17297 msgid "print/foo2zjs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17286 +#: book.translate.xml:17308 msgid "" "For the easiest printing, choose a printer that supports PostScript. Printers that support PCLPostScript or PCL. They " @@ -26116,7 +26104,7 @@ "料並列印。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17305 +#: book.translate.xml:17327 msgid "" "Host-based printers are often more difficult to set up. Some cannot be used " "at all because of proprietary PDLs. Avoid these printers " @@ -26126,7 +26114,7 @@ "acronym> 而無法使用，盡可能避免使用這類的印表機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17310 +#: book.translate.xml:17332 msgid "" "Descriptions of many PDLs can be found at . The " @@ -26139,12 +26127,12 @@ "org/printers\"/> 查詢。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:17318 +#: book.translate.xml:17340 msgid "Direct Printing" msgstr "直接列印" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17320 +#: book.translate.xml:17342 msgid "" "For occasional printing, files can be sent directly to a printer device " "without any setup. For example, a file called sample.txt# cp sample.txt /dev/unlpt0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17327 +#: book.translate.xml:17349 msgid "" "Direct printing to network printers depends on the abilities of the printer, " "but most accept print jobs on port 9100, and " @@ -26176,18 +26164,18 @@ "netlaser 的印表機列印與上述相同的檔案可：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17333 +#: book.translate.xml:17355 #, no-wrap msgid "# nc netlaser 9100 < sample.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:17337 +#: book.translate.xml:17359 msgid "LPD (Line Printer Daemon)" msgstr "LPD (行列式印表機 Daemon)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17339 +#: book.translate.xml:17361 msgid "" "Printing a file in the background is called spooling. A " "spooler allows the user to continue with other programs on the computer " @@ -26197,7 +26185,7 @@ "用者能夠繼續執行電腦的其他程式而不需要等候印表機緩慢的完成列印工作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:17344 +#: book.translate.xml:17366 msgid "" "FreeBSD includes a spooler called lpd8. Print jobs are " @@ -26210,12 +26198,12 @@ "citerefentry> 來提交。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17348 book.translate.xml:28866 +#: book.translate.xml:17370 book.translate.xml:28885 msgid "Initial Setup" msgstr "初始設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17350 +#: book.translate.xml:17372 msgid "" "A directory for storing print jobs is created, ownership is set, and the " "permissions are set to prevent other users from viewing the contents of " @@ -26225,7 +26213,7 @@ "些檔案的內容：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17358 +#: book.translate.xml:17380 msgid "" "Printers are defined in /etc/printcap. An entry for " "each printer includes details like a name, the port where it is attached, " @@ -26237,7 +26225,7 @@ "filename> 使用以下內容：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17364 +#: book.translate.xml:17386 #, no-wrap msgid "" "lp:\\\t\t\t\t\n" @@ -26249,7 +26237,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17373 +#: book.translate.xml:17395 msgid "" "The name of this printer. lpr1 sends print jobs to " @@ -26263,30 +26251,30 @@ "lp。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17381 +#: book.translate.xml:17403 msgid "" "The device where the printer is connected. Replace this line with the " "appropriate one for the connection type shown here." msgstr "印表機所連接到裝置。替換此行為正確的連線類型，如此處所示。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17389 +#: book.translate.xml:17411 msgid "Connection Type" msgstr "連線類型" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17390 +#: book.translate.xml:17412 msgid "Device Entry in /etc/printcap" msgstr "在 /etc/printcap 的裝置項目" #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17398 +#: book.translate.xml:17420 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=/dev/unlpt0:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17400 +#: book.translate.xml:17422 msgid "" "This is the non-resetting USB " "printer device. If problems are experienced, use ulpt0 " @@ -26297,28 +26285,28 @@ "USB 埠。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17410 +#: book.translate.xml:17432 msgid "Parallel" msgstr "並列" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17417 +#: book.translate.xml:17439 msgid "For a printer supporting the LPD protocol:" msgstr "針對支援 LPD 通訊協定的印表機：" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17422 +#: book.translate.xml:17444 msgid "For printers supporting port 9100 printing:" msgstr "針對支援使用埠號 9100 列印的印表機：" #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17425 +#: book.translate.xml:17447 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=9100@network-printer-name:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17427 +#: book.translate.xml:17449 msgid "" "For both types, replace network-printer-name with " "the DNS host name of the network printer." @@ -26327,18 +26315,18 @@ "replaceable> 為網路印表機的 DNS 主機名稱。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:17434 +#: book.translate.xml:17456 msgid "Serial" msgstr "序列" #. (itstool) path: entry/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17435 +#: book.translate.xml:17457 #, no-wrap msgid ":lp=/dev/cuau0:br=9600:pa=none:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:17437 +#: book.translate.xml:17459 msgid "" "These values are for a typical serial printer connected to a motherboard " "serial port. The baud rate is 9600, and no parity is used." @@ -26347,17 +26335,17 @@ "9600 且無同位檢查 (No Parity)。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17448 +#: book.translate.xml:17470 msgid "Suppress the printing of a header page at the start of a print job." msgstr "在列印工作開始時不列印首頁。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17453 +#: book.translate.xml:17475 msgid "Do not limit the maximum size of a print job." msgstr "不限制列印工作的最大尺寸。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17457 +#: book.translate.xml:17479 msgid "" "The path to the spooling directory for this printer. Each printer uses its " "own spooling directory." @@ -26366,12 +26354,12 @@ "(Spooling) 目錄。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17462 +#: book.translate.xml:17484 msgid "The log file where errors on this printer will be reported." msgstr "回報此印表機的錯誤的日誌檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17467 +#: book.translate.xml:17489 msgid "" "After creating /etc/printcap, use " "chkprintcap8 測試印表機是否有錯誤：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17470 +#: book.translate.xml:17492 #, no-wrap msgid "# chkprintcap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17472 +#: book.translate.xml:17494 msgid "Fix any reported problems before continuing." msgstr "在繼續之前修正任何回報的問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17474 +#: book.translate.xml:17496 msgid "" "Enable lpd8 in /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -26403,13 +26391,13 @@ "citerefentry>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17481 +#: book.translate.xml:17503 #, no-wrap msgid "# service lpd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17485 +#: book.translate.xml:17507 msgid "" "Printing with lpr1" @@ -26418,7 +26406,7 @@ "manvolnum> 列印" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17487 +#: book.translate.xml:17509 msgid "" "Documents are sent to the printer with lpr. A file to be " "printed can be named on the command line or piped into lpr% lpr doc.txt\n" @@ -26435,25 +26423,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17496 +#: book.translate.xml:17518 msgid "" "Printers can be selected with . To print to a printer " "called laser:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17500 +#: book.translate.xml:17522 #, no-wrap msgid "% lpr -Plaser doc.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17504 +#: book.translate.xml:17526 msgid "Filters" msgstr "過濾器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17506 +#: book.translate.xml:17528 msgid "" "The examples shown so far have sent the contents of a text file directly to " "the printer. As long as the printer understands the content of those files, " @@ -26461,14 +26449,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17511 +#: book.translate.xml:17533 msgid "" "Some printers are not capable of printing plain text, and the input file " "might not even be plain text." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17514 +#: book.translate.xml:17536 msgid "" "Filters allow files to be translated or processed. The " "typical use is to translate one type of input, like plain text, into a form " @@ -26479,7 +26467,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17522 +#: book.translate.xml:17544 msgid "" "The filters discussed here are input filters or " "text filters. These filters convert the incoming file " @@ -26489,7 +26477,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17529 +#: book.translate.xml:17551 msgid "" "Filters are specified in /etc/printcap with the " "if= identifier. To use /usr/local/libexec/" @@ -26498,7 +26486,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17535 +#: book.translate.xml:17557 #, no-wrap msgid "" "lp:\\\n" @@ -26511,14 +26499,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:17545 +#: book.translate.xml:17567 msgid "" "if= identifies the input filter that " "will be used on incoming text." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:17552 +#: book.translate.xml:17574 msgid "" "The backslash line continuation characters at the end " "of the lines in printcap entries reveal that an entry " @@ -26528,18 +26516,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17559 +#: book.translate.xml:17581 #, no-wrap msgid "lp:lp=/dev/unlpt0:sh:mx#0:sd=/var/spool/lpd/lp:if=/usr/local/libexec/lf2crlf:lf=/var/log/lpd-errs:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17563 +#: book.translate.xml:17585 msgid "Preventing Stairstepping on Plain Text Printers" msgstr "避免在純文字印表機階梯狀列印" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17565 +#: book.translate.xml:17587 msgid "" "Typical FreeBSD text files contain only a single line feed character at the " "end of each line. These lines will stairstep on a standard " @@ -26547,7 +26535,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17569 +#: book.translate.xml:17591 #, no-wrap msgid "" "A printed file looks\n" @@ -26556,7 +26544,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17573 +#: book.translate.xml:17595 msgid "" "A filter can convert the newline characters into carriage returns and " "newlines. The carriage returns make the printer return to the left after " @@ -26565,7 +26553,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17579 +#: book.translate.xml:17601 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -26574,37 +26562,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17583 book.translate.xml:17618 book.translate.xml:17650 -#: book.translate.xml:17704 +#: book.translate.xml:17605 book.translate.xml:17640 book.translate.xml:17672 +#: book.translate.xml:17726 msgid "Set the permissions and make it executable:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17585 +#: book.translate.xml:17607 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/lf2crlf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17587 book.translate.xml:17622 +#: book.translate.xml:17609 book.translate.xml:17644 msgid "Modify /etc/printcap to use the new filter:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17590 +#: book.translate.xml:17612 #, no-wrap msgid ":if=/usr/local/libexec/lf2crlf:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17592 +#: book.translate.xml:17614 msgid "" "Test the filter by printing the same plain text file. The carriage returns " "will cause each line to start at the left side of the page." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17598 +#: book.translate.xml:17620 msgid "" "Fancy Plain Text on PostScript " "Printers with print/enscript" @@ -26613,7 +26601,7 @@ "\">PostScript 印表機美化純文字內容" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17601 +#: book.translate.xml:17623 msgid "" "GNU Enscript converts plain " "text files into nicely-formatted PostScript/usr/local/libexec/enscript with these contents:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17615 +#: book.translate.xml:17637 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -26640,24 +26628,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17620 +#: book.translate.xml:17642 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/enscript" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17625 +#: book.translate.xml:17647 #, no-wrap msgid ":if=/usr/local/libexec/enscript:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17627 +#: book.translate.xml:17649 msgid "Test the filter by printing a plain text file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17631 +#: book.translate.xml:17653 msgid "" "Printing PostScript to " "PCL Printers" @@ -26666,7 +26654,7 @@ "acronym> 印表機" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17634 +#: book.translate.xml:17656 msgid "" "Many programs produce PostScript " "documents. However, inexpensive printers often only understand plain text or " @@ -26676,7 +26664,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17640 +#: book.translate.xml:17662 msgid "" "Install the Ghostscript PostScript interpreter, print/ghostscript9, " @@ -26684,13 +26672,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17644 +#: book.translate.xml:17666 msgid "" "Create /usr/local/libexec/ps2pcl with these contents:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17647 +#: book.translate.xml:17669 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -26698,13 +26686,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17652 +#: book.translate.xml:17674 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/ps2pcl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17654 +#: book.translate.xml:17676 msgid "" "PostScript input sent to this " "script will be rendered and converted to PCL before being " @@ -26712,25 +26700,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17658 book.translate.xml:17708 +#: book.translate.xml:17680 book.translate.xml:17730 msgid "Modify /etc/printcap to use this new input filter:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17661 +#: book.translate.xml:17683 #, no-wrap msgid ":if=/usr/local/libexec/ps2pcl:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17663 +#: book.translate.xml:17685 msgid "" "Test the filter by sending a small PostScript program to it:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17666 +#: book.translate.xml:17688 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% printf \"%%\\!PS \\n /Helvetica findfont 18 scalefont setfont \\\n" @@ -26738,12 +26726,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17671 +#: book.translate.xml:17693 msgid "Smart Filters" msgstr "智慧過濾器" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17673 +#: book.translate.xml:17695 msgid "" "A filter that detects the type of input and automatically converts it to the " "correct format for the printer can be very convenient. The first two " @@ -26758,7 +26746,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17684 +#: book.translate.xml:17706 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -26783,31 +26771,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17706 +#: book.translate.xml:17728 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 555 /usr/local/libexec/psif" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17711 +#: book.translate.xml:17733 #, no-wrap msgid ":if=/usr/local/libexec/psif:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17713 +#: book.translate.xml:17735 msgid "" "Test the filter by printing PostScript and plain text files." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17718 +#: book.translate.xml:17740 msgid "Other Smart Filters" msgstr "其他智慧過濾器" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17720 +#: book.translate.xml:17742 msgid "" "Writing a filter that detects many different types of input and formats them " "correctly is challenging. print/apsfilter " @@ -26818,12 +26806,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17732 +#: book.translate.xml:17754 msgid "Multiple Queues" msgstr "多序列" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17734 +#: book.translate.xml:17756 msgid "" "The entries in /etc/printcap are really definitions of " "queues. There can be more than one queue for a single " @@ -26832,7 +26820,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17740 +#: book.translate.xml:17762 msgid "" "As an example, consider a networked PostScript laser printer in an office. Most users want to " @@ -26843,7 +26831,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17746 +#: book.translate.xml:17768 #, no-wrap msgid "" "textprinter:\\\n" @@ -26863,7 +26851,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17761 +#: book.translate.xml:17783 msgid "" "Documents sent to textprinter will be formatted by the " "/usr/local/libexec/enscript filter shown in an earlier " @@ -26873,7 +26861,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17768 +#: book.translate.xml:17790 msgid "" "This multiple queue technique can be used to provide direct access to all " "kinds of printer features. A printer with a duplexer could use two queues, " @@ -26883,26 +26871,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17777 +#: book.translate.xml:17799 msgid "Monitoring and Controlling Printing" msgstr "監視與控制列印" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17779 +#: book.translate.xml:17801 msgid "" "Several utilities are available to monitor print jobs and check and control " "printer operation." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17783 +#: book.translate.xml:17805 msgid "" "lpq1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17785 +#: book.translate.xml:17807 msgid "" "lpq1 shows the status of a user's print jobs. Print jobs from other " @@ -26910,12 +26898,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17788 +#: book.translate.xml:17810 msgid "Show the current user's pending jobs on a single printer:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17791 +#: book.translate.xml:17813 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% lpq -Plp\n" @@ -26924,12 +26912,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17795 +#: book.translate.xml:17817 msgid "Show the current user's pending jobs on all printers:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17798 +#: book.translate.xml:17820 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% lpq -a\n" @@ -26943,14 +26931,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17809 +#: book.translate.xml:17831 msgid "" "lprm1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17811 +#: book.translate.xml:17833 msgid "" "lprm1 is used to remove print jobs. Normal users are only allowed to " @@ -26959,12 +26947,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17816 +#: book.translate.xml:17838 msgid "Remove all pending jobs from a printer:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17818 +#: book.translate.xml:17840 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lprm -Plp -\n" @@ -26977,7 +26965,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17826 +#: book.translate.xml:17848 msgid "" "Remove a single job from a printer. lpq1 is used to find the " @@ -26985,7 +26973,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17829 +#: book.translate.xml:17851 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% lpq\n" @@ -26997,14 +26985,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17838 +#: book.translate.xml:17860 msgid "" "lpc8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17840 +#: book.translate.xml:17862 msgid "" "lpc8 is used to check and modify printer status. lpc% lpc status all\n" @@ -27039,14 +27027,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17863 +#: book.translate.xml:17885 msgid "" "Prevent a printer from accepting new jobs, then begin accepting new jobs " "again:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17866 +#: book.translate.xml:17888 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc disable lp\n" @@ -27058,13 +27046,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17873 +#: book.translate.xml:17895 msgid "" "Stop printing, but continue to accept new jobs. Then begin printing again:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17876 +#: book.translate.xml:17898 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc stop lp\n" @@ -27077,12 +27065,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17884 +#: book.translate.xml:17906 msgid "Restart a printer after some error condition:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17886 +#: book.translate.xml:17908 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc restart lp\n" @@ -27093,14 +27081,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17892 +#: book.translate.xml:17914 msgid "" "Turn the print queue off and disable printing, with a message to explain the " "problem to users:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17895 +#: book.translate.xml:17917 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc down lp Repair parts will arrive on Monday\n" @@ -27110,12 +27098,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17900 +#: book.translate.xml:17922 msgid "Re-enable a printer that is down:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17902 +#: book.translate.xml:17924 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# lpc up lp\n" @@ -27125,31 +27113,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17907 +#: book.translate.xml:17929 msgid "" "See lpc8 for more commands and options." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17912 +#: book.translate.xml:17934 msgid "Shared Printers" msgstr "分享印表機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17914 +#: book.translate.xml:17936 msgid "" "Printers are often shared by multiple users in businesses and schools. " "Additional features are provided to make sharing printers more convenient." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17919 +#: book.translate.xml:17941 msgid "Aliases" msgstr "別名" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17921 +#: book.translate.xml:17943 msgid "" "The printer name is set in the first line of the entry in /etc/" "printcap. Additional names, or aliases, can " @@ -27158,39 +27146,39 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:17927 +#: book.translate.xml:17949 #, no-wrap msgid "lp|repairsprinter|salesprinter:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17929 +#: book.translate.xml:17951 msgid "" "Aliases can be used in place of the printer name. For example, users in the " "Sales department print to their printer with" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17933 +#: book.translate.xml:17955 #, no-wrap msgid "% lpr -Psalesprinter sales-report.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17935 +#: book.translate.xml:17957 msgid "" "Users in the Repairs department print to their printer " "with" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:17938 +#: book.translate.xml:17960 #, no-wrap msgid "% lpr -Prepairsprinter repairs-report.txt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17940 +#: book.translate.xml:17962 msgid "" "All of the documents print on that single printer. When the Sales department " "grows enough to need their own printer, the alias can be removed from the " @@ -27200,12 +27188,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:17949 +#: book.translate.xml:17971 msgid "Header Pages" msgstr "頁首" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17951 +#: book.translate.xml:17973 msgid "" "It can be difficult for users to locate their documents in the stack of " "pages produced by a busy shared printer. Header pages " @@ -27216,7 +27204,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17959 +#: book.translate.xml:17981 msgid "" "Enabling header pages differs depending on whether the printer is connected " "directly to the computer with a USB, parallel, or serial " @@ -27224,7 +27212,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17964 +#: book.translate.xml:17986 msgid "" "Header pages on directly-connected printers are enabled by removing the " ":sh:\\ (Suppress Header) line from the entry in " @@ -27236,7 +27224,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:17974 +#: book.translate.xml:17996 msgid "" "Header pages for network printers must be configured on the printer itself. " "Header page entries in /etc/printcap are ignored. " @@ -27245,26 +27233,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:17985 book.translate.xml:22796 +#: book.translate.xml:18007 book.translate.xml:22815 msgid "References" msgstr "參考文獻" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17987 +#: book.translate.xml:18009 msgid "" "Example files: /usr/share/examples/printing/." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17989 +#: book.translate.xml:18011 msgid "" "The 4.3BSD Line Printer Spooler Manual, /usr/" "share/doc/smm/07.lpd/paper.ascii.gz." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:17993 +#: book.translate.xml:18015 msgid "" "Manual pages: printcap5, " @@ -27278,12 +27266,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:17999 +#: book.translate.xml:18021 msgid "Other Printing Systems" msgstr "其他列印系統" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18001 +#: book.translate.xml:18023 msgid "" "Several other printing systems are available in addition to the built-in " "lpd8CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18009 +#: book.translate.xml:18031 msgid "" "CUPS is a popular printing system available on many " "operating systems. Using CUPS on FreeBSD is documented in " @@ -27308,12 +27296,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:18016 +#: book.translate.xml:18038 msgid "HPLIP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18018 +#: book.translate.xml:18040 msgid "" "Hewlett Packard provides a printing system that supports many of their " "inkjet and laser printers. The port is print/hplipLPRng was developed as an enhanced alternative to " "lpd8Linux Binary Compatibility" msgstr "Linux Binary 相容性" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:18050 +#: book.translate.xml:18072 msgid "" " Jim Mock Restructured and parts updated by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:18061 +#: book.translate.xml:18083 msgid "" " Brian N. Handy Originally contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:18069 +#: book.translate.xml:18091 msgid "" " Rich Murphey " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18081 +#: book.translate.xml:18103 msgid "Linux binary compatibility" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18089 +#: book.translate.xml:18111 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides binary compatibility with Linux, allowing users to install and run most Linux 好。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18095 +#: book.translate.xml:18117 msgid "" "However, some Linux-specific " "operating system features are not supported under FreeBSD. For example, " @@ -27401,7 +27389,7 @@ "擬 8086 模式，會無法在 FreeBSD 執行。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:18101 +#: book.translate.xml:18123 msgid "" "Support for 64-bit binary compatibility with Linux was added in FreeBSD 10.3." @@ -27410,7 +27398,7 @@ "trademark> Binary 相容性。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:18109 +#: book.translate.xml:18131 msgid "" "How to enable Linux binary " "compatibility on a FreeBSD system." @@ -27419,7 +27407,7 @@ "Binary 相容模式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:18114 +#: book.translate.xml:18136 msgid "" "How to install additional Linux " "shared libraries." @@ -27427,7 +27415,7 @@ "如何安裝其他的 Linux 共用程式庫。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:18119 +#: book.translate.xml:18141 msgid "" "How to install Linux " "applications on a FreeBSD system." @@ -27436,7 +27424,7 @@ "用程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:18124 +#: book.translate.xml:18146 msgid "" "The implementation details of Linux compatibility in FreeBSD." @@ -27445,26 +27433,26 @@ "細節。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:18133 +#: book.translate.xml:18155 msgid "" "Know how to install additional third-party software." msgstr "知道如何安裝 其他的第三方軟體。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:18141 +#: book.translate.xml:18163 msgid "" "Configuring Linux Binary " "Compatibility" msgstr "設定 Linux Binary 相容性" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18143 +#: book.translate.xml:18165 msgid "Ports Collection" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18145 +#: book.translate.xml:18167 msgid "" "By default, Linux libraries are " "not installed and Linux binary " @@ -27478,7 +27466,7 @@ "FreeBSD Port 套件集安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18150 +#: book.translate.xml:18172 msgid "" "Before attempting to build the port, load the Linux kernel module, otherwise the build will fail:" @@ -27487,29 +27475,29 @@ "核心模組，否則編譯會失敗：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18153 +#: book.translate.xml:18175 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload linux" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18155 +#: book.translate.xml:18177 msgid "For 64-bit compatibility:" msgstr "對 64-位元的相容性：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18157 +#: book.translate.xml:18179 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload linux64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18159 +#: book.translate.xml:18181 msgid "To verify that the module is loaded:" msgstr "確認模組已載入：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18161 +#: book.translate.xml:18183 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% kldstat\n" @@ -27519,7 +27507,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18166 +#: book.translate.xml:18188 msgid "" "The emulators/linux_base-c6 package or port is the " "easiest way to install a base set of Linux# printf \"compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.18\\n\" >> /etc/sysctl.conf\n" -"# sysctl compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.18\n" -"# pkg install emulators/linux_base-c6" +msgid "# pkg install emulators/linux_base-c6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18175 +#: book.translate.xml:18195 msgid "" "For Linux compatibility to be " "enabled at boot time, add this line to /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -27548,13 +27533,13 @@ "加入這行到 /etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:18178 +#: book.translate.xml:18198 #, no-wrap msgid "linux_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18180 +#: book.translate.xml:18200 msgid "" "On 64-bit machines, /etc/rc.d/abi will automatically " "load the module for 64-bit emulation." @@ -27563,35 +27548,30 @@ "元模擬的模組。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18183 +#: book.translate.xml:18203 msgid "kernel options COMPAT_LINUX" msgstr "核心選項 COMPAT_LINUX" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:18188 +#: book.translate.xml:18208 msgid "" -"Users who prefer to statically link Linux binary compatibility into a custom kernel should add " -"options COMPAT_LINUX to their custom kernel configuration " -"file. Compile and install the new kernel as described in ." +"Since the Linux binary compatibility layer has gained support for running " +"both 32- and 64-bit Linux binaries (on 64-bit x86 hosts), it is no longer " +"possible to link the emulation functionality statically into a custom kernel." msgstr "" -"想要靜態連結 Linux Binary 相容性" -"到自訂核心的使用者應加入 options COMPAT_LINUX 到自訂核心設" -"定檔。 編譯並安裝新核心的方法，如 所述。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:18195 +#: book.translate.xml:18214 msgid "Installing Additional Libraries Manually" msgstr "手動安裝其他程式庫" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18197 +#: book.translate.xml:18216 msgid "shared libraries" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18201 +#: book.translate.xml:18220 msgid "" "If a Linux application complains " "about missing shared libraries after configuring Linux system, " "ldd can be used to determine which shared libraries the " @@ -27621,7 +27601,7 @@ "個指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18213 +#: book.translate.xml:18232 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ldd linuxdoom\n" @@ -27631,12 +27611,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18218 +#: book.translate.xml:18237 msgid "symbolic links" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18222 +#: book.translate.xml:18241 msgid "" "Then, copy all the files in the last column of the output from the " "Linux system into /" @@ -27650,7 +27630,7 @@ "FreeBSD 系統產生以下檔案：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18229 +#: book.translate.xml:18248 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0\n" @@ -27662,7 +27642,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18236 +#: book.translate.xml:18255 msgid "" "If a Linux shared library " "already exists with a matching major revision number to the first column of " @@ -27677,12 +27657,12 @@ "只要符號連結指向新版的程式庫，舊版便可移除。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18244 +#: book.translate.xml:18263 msgid "For example, these libraries already exist on the FreeBSD system:" msgstr "例如，以下程式庫已存在 FreeBSD 系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18247 +#: book.translate.xml:18266 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.27\n" @@ -27690,19 +27670,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18250 +#: book.translate.xml:18269 msgid "" "and ldd indicates that a binary requires a later version:" msgstr "且 ldd 顯示 Binary 需要使用較新的版本：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18253 +#: book.translate.xml:18272 #, no-wrap msgid "libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) -> libc.so.4.6.29" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18255 +#: book.translate.xml:18274 msgid "" "Since the existing library is only one or two versions out of date in the " "last digit, the program should still work with the slightly older version. " @@ -27714,7 +27694,7 @@ "本：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18261 +#: book.translate.xml:18280 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29\n" @@ -27722,7 +27702,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18264 +#: book.translate.xml:18283 msgid "" "Generally, one will need to look for the shared libraries that Linux binaries depend on only the first few " @@ -27739,7 +27719,7 @@ "\"registered\">Linux Binary，便不再需要額外的動作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:18273 +#: book.translate.xml:18292 msgid "" "Installing Linux ELF Binaries" @@ -27748,12 +27728,12 @@ "acronym> Binary" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18276 +#: book.translate.xml:18295 msgid "Linux ELF binaries" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18281 +#: book.translate.xml:18300 msgid "" "ELF binaries sometimes require an extra step. When an " "unbranded ELF binary is executed, it will generate an " @@ -27763,7 +27743,7 @@ "的 ELF Binary，會產生錯誤訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18285 +#: book.translate.xml:18304 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ./my-linux-elf-binary\n" @@ -27772,7 +27752,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18289 +#: book.translate.xml:18308 msgid "" "To help the FreeBSD kernel distinguish between a FreeBSD ELF binary and a Linux " @@ -27785,18 +27765,18 @@ "manvolnum>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18293 +#: book.translate.xml:18312 #, no-wrap msgid "% brandelf -t Linux my-linux-elf-binary" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:18295 +#: book.translate.xml:18314 msgid "GNU toolchain" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18299 +#: book.translate.xml:18318 msgid "" "Since the GNU toolchain places the appropriate branding information into " "ELF binaries automatically, this step is usually not " @@ -27806,7 +27786,7 @@ "不需要這個步驟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:18305 +#: book.translate.xml:18324 msgid "" "Installing a Linux RPM Based Application" @@ -27815,7 +27795,7 @@ "acronym> 為基礎的應用程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18308 +#: book.translate.xml:18327 msgid "" "To install a Linux RPM-based application, first install the archivers/rpm4.rpm：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18315 +#: book.translate.xml:18334 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /compat/linux\n" @@ -27837,7 +27817,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18318 +#: book.translate.xml:18337 msgid "" "If necessary, brandelf the installed ELF binaries. Note that this will prevent a clean uninstall." @@ -27846,17 +27826,17 @@ "Binary。注意，這將會無法乾淨地解除安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:18324 +#: book.translate.xml:18343 msgid "Configuring the Hostname Resolver" msgstr "設定主機名稱解析器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18326 +#: book.translate.xml:18345 msgid "If DNS does not work or this error appears:" msgstr "如果 DNS 無法運作或出現這個錯誤：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:18329 +#: book.translate.xml:18348 #, no-wrap msgid "" "resolv+: \"bind\" is an invalid keyword resolv+:\n" @@ -27864,12 +27844,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18332 +#: book.translate.xml:18351 msgid "configure /compat/linux/etc/host.conf as follows:" msgstr "將 /compat/linux/etc/host.conf 設定如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:18335 +#: book.translate.xml:18354 #, no-wrap msgid "" "order hosts, bind\n" @@ -27877,7 +27857,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:18338 +#: book.translate.xml:18357 msgid "" "This specifies that /etc/hosts is searched first and " "DNS is searched second. When /compat/linux/etc/" @@ -27894,12 +27874,12 @@ "literal>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:19173 book.translate.xml:40432 book.translate.xml:50958 +#: book.translate.xml:19192 book.translate.xml:40481 book.translate.xml:51343 msgid "Advanced Topics" msgstr "進階主題" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19175 +#: book.translate.xml:19194 msgid "" "This section describes how Linux " "binary compatibility works and is based on an email written to execution class loader" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19182 +#: book.translate.xml:19201 msgid "" "FreeBSD has an abstraction called an execution class loader. " "This is a wedge into the execveUNIX loader " "examined the magic number (generally the first 4 or 8 bytes of the file) to " @@ -27932,7 +27912,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19191 +#: book.translate.xml:19210 msgid "" "If it was not the binary type for the system, the " "execve2sh1 to examine the first " @@ -27952,7 +27932,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19201 +#: book.translate.xml:19220 msgid "" "FreeBSD has a list of loaders, instead of a single loader, with a fallback " "to the #! loader for running shell interpreters or shell " @@ -27960,17 +27940,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19205 +#: book.translate.xml:19224 msgid "ELF" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19209 book.translate.xml:53008 +#: book.translate.xml:19228 book.translate.xml:53393 msgid "Solaris" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19213 +#: book.translate.xml:19232 msgid "" "For the Linux ABI support, FreeBSD sees the magic number as an ELF binary. The ELF " @@ -27980,7 +27960,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19219 +#: book.translate.xml:19238 msgid "" "For Linux binaries to function, " "they must be branded as type Linux " @@ -27989,18 +27969,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19223 +#: book.translate.xml:19242 #, no-wrap msgid "# brandelf -t Linux file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19225 +#: book.translate.xml:19244 msgid "ELF branding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19230 +#: book.translate.xml:19249 msgid "" "When the ELF loader sees the Linux brand, the loader " "replaces a pointer in the proc structure. All system " @@ -28011,7 +27991,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19238 +#: book.translate.xml:19257 msgid "" "The Linux system call vector " "contains, among other things, a list of sysent[] entries " @@ -28019,7 +27999,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19242 +#: book.translate.xml:19261 msgid "" "When a system call is called by the Linux binary, the trap code dereferences the system call function " @@ -28029,7 +28009,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19247 +#: book.translate.xml:19266 msgid "" "Linux mode dynamically " "reroots lookups. This is, in effect, equivalent to the " @@ -28051,7 +28031,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19264 +#: book.translate.xml:19283 msgid "" "In effect, there is a Linux " "kernel in the FreeBSD kernel. The various underlying functions that " @@ -28069,7 +28049,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19277 +#: book.translate.xml:19296 msgid "" "Technically, this is not really emulation, it is an ABI " "implementation. It is sometimes called Chern Lee Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:19326 +#: book.translate.xml:19345 msgid "" " Mike Smith Based on a tutorial written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:19336 +#: book.translate.xml:19355 msgid "" " Matt Dillon Also based on tuning(7) written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19349 +#: book.translate.xml:19368 msgid "system configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19352 +#: book.translate.xml:19371 msgid "system optimization" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19356 +#: book.translate.xml:19375 msgid "" "One of the important aspects of FreeBSD is proper system configuration. This " "chapter explains much of the FreeBSD configuration process, including some " @@ -28153,7 +28133,7 @@ "紹 FreeBSD 的設定流程，包括一些可以調整 FreeBSD 效能的參數設定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19365 +#: book.translate.xml:19384 msgid "" "The basics of rc.conf configuration and /usr/" "local/etc/rc.d startup scripts." @@ -28162,23 +28142,23 @@ "filename> 啟動 Script。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19371 +#: book.translate.xml:19390 msgid "How to configure and test a network card." msgstr "如何設定並測試網路卡。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19375 +#: book.translate.xml:19394 msgid "How to configure virtual hosts on network devices." msgstr "如何在網路裝置上設定虛擬主機。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19380 +#: book.translate.xml:19399 msgid "" "How to use the various configuration files in /etc." msgstr "如何使用在 /etc 中的各種設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19385 +#: book.translate.xml:19404 msgid "" "How to tune FreeBSD using sysctl8 variables." @@ -28187,13 +28167,13 @@ "manvolnum> 變數調校 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19389 +#: book.translate.xml:19408 msgid "How to tune disk performance and modify kernel limitations." msgstr "如何調校磁碟效能及修改核心限制。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19398 book.translate.xml:29521 book.translate.xml:31268 -#: book.translate.xml:35216 book.translate.xml:45891 +#: book.translate.xml:19417 book.translate.xml:29540 book.translate.xml:31287 +#: book.translate.xml:35236 book.translate.xml:46276 msgid "" "Understand UNIX and FreeBSD " "basics ()." @@ -28202,24 +28182,24 @@ "linkend=\"basics\"/>)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19403 +#: book.translate.xml:19422 msgid "" "Be familiar with the basics of kernel configuration and compilation ()." msgstr "熟悉核心設定與編譯的基礎 ()。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:19411 +#: book.translate.xml:19430 msgid "Starting Services" msgstr "啟動服務" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19424 +#: book.translate.xml:19443 msgid "services" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19428 +#: book.translate.xml:19447 msgid "" "Many users install third party software on FreeBSD from the Ports Collection " "and require the installed services to be started upon system initialization. " @@ -28234,7 +28214,7 @@ "將說明可用來啟動第三方軟體的程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19437 +#: book.translate.xml:19456 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, most included services, such as " "cron8rc.d, configuration of " "application startup is easier and provides more features. Using the key " @@ -28266,7 +28246,7 @@ "Script 可能會如下例所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19452 +#: book.translate.xml:19471 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -28295,7 +28275,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19476 +#: book.translate.xml:19495 msgid "" "This script will ensure that the provided utility will be " "started after the DAEMON pseudo-service. It also provides " @@ -28306,20 +28286,20 @@ "PID) 的方法。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19482 +#: book.translate.xml:19501 msgid "" "This application could then have the following line placed in /etc/" "rc.conf:" msgstr "接著此應用程式便可將下行放到 /etc/rc.conf 中：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19485 +#: book.translate.xml:19504 #, no-wrap msgid "utility_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19487 +#: book.translate.xml:19506 msgid "" "This method allows for easier manipulation of command line arguments, " "inclusion of the default functions provided in /etc/rc.subrrc.conf 簡單的設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19495 +#: book.translate.xml:19514 msgid "Using Services to Start Services" msgstr "使用服務來啟動其他服務" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19497 +#: book.translate.xml:19516 msgid "" "Other services can be started using inetd8. Working with " @@ -28352,7 +28332,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8 以及其設定的深入說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19502 +#: book.translate.xml:19521 msgid "" "In some cases, it may make more sense to use " "cron8@reboot feature of cron8, may be used in place " @@ -28385,7 +28365,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8 後執行。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:19518 +#: book.translate.xml:19537 msgid "" "Configuring cron8" @@ -28394,12 +28374,12 @@ "manvolnum>" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19531 +#: book.translate.xml:19550 msgid "cron configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19536 +#: book.translate.xml:19555 msgid "" "One of the most useful utilities in FreeBSD is cron. This utility runs in the background and regularly checks " @@ -28417,7 +28397,7 @@ "firstterm>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19546 +#: book.translate.xml:19565 msgid "" "Two different types of configuration files are used: the system crontab, " "which should not be modified, and user crontabs, which can be created and " @@ -28438,7 +28418,7 @@ "行指令，而在使用者 crontab，會以建立 crontab 的使用者來執行指令。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19557 +#: book.translate.xml:19576 msgid "" "User crontabs allow individual users to schedule their own tasks. The " "root user can also have a user " @@ -28450,19 +28430,19 @@ "安排不在系統 crontab 中的工作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19563 +#: book.translate.xml:19582 msgid "" "Here is a sample entry from the system crontab, /etc/crontab:" msgstr "以下為系統 crontab /etc/crontab 的範例項目：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19566 +#: book.translate.xml:19585 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# /etc/crontab - root's crontab for FreeBSD\n" "#\n" -"# $FreeBSD$\n" +"# <_:phrase-1/>\n" "# \n" "SHELL=/bin/sh\n" "PATH=/etc:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin \n" @@ -28473,7 +28453,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19579 +#: book.translate.xml:19598 msgid "" "Lines that begin with the # character are comments. A " "comment can be placed in the file as a reminder of what and why a desired " @@ -28486,7 +28466,7 @@ "新的一行，空白行則會被忽略掉。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19588 +#: book.translate.xml:19607 msgid "" "The equals (=) character is used to define any " "environment settings. In this example, it is used to define the " @@ -28501,7 +28481,7 @@ "若 PATH 被省略，則必須指定指令或 Script 的完整路徑才能執行。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19599 +#: book.translate.xml:19618 msgid "" "This line defines the seven fields used in a system crontab: " "minute, hour, mday, " @@ -28528,7 +28508,7 @@ "一個使用者來執行指令。最後一個欄位則是要執行的指令。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19618 +#: book.translate.xml:19637 msgid "" "This entry defines the values for this cron job. The */5, " "followed by several more * characters, specifies that " @@ -28542,7 +28522,7 @@ "libexec/atrun。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:19626 +#: book.translate.xml:19645 msgid "" "Commands can include any number of switches. However, commands which extend " "to multiple lines need to be broken with the backslash \\ " @@ -28552,25 +28532,25 @@ "字元換行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19634 +#: book.translate.xml:19653 msgid "Creating a User Crontab" msgstr "建立使用者的 Crontab" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19636 +#: book.translate.xml:19655 msgid "" "To create a user crontab, invoke crontab in editor mode:" msgstr "" "要建立一個使用者 crontab 可使用編輯模式執行 crontab：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19639 +#: book.translate.xml:19658 #, no-wrap msgid "% crontab -e" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19641 +#: book.translate.xml:19660 msgid "" "This will open the user's crontab using the default text editor. The first " "time a user runs this command, it will open an empty file. Once a user " @@ -28581,7 +28561,7 @@ "編輯。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19646 +#: book.translate.xml:19665 msgid "" "It is useful to add these lines to the top of the crontab file in order to " "set the environment variables and to remember the meanings of the fields in " @@ -28591,7 +28571,7 @@ "非常有用：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19650 +#: book.translate.xml:19669 #, no-wrap msgid "" "SHELL=/bin/sh\n" @@ -28601,7 +28581,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19655 +#: book.translate.xml:19674 msgid "" "Then add a line for each command or script to run, specifying the time to " "run the command. This example runs the specified custom Bourne shell script " @@ -28613,13 +28593,13 @@ "literal> 指定 Script 的路徑，所以必須給予完整的 Script 路徑：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19662 +#: book.translate.xml:19681 #, no-wrap msgid "0\t14\t*\t*\t*\t/usr/home/dru/bin/mycustomscript.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:19665 +#: book.translate.xml:19684 msgid "" "Before using a custom script, make sure it is executable and test it with " "the limited set of environment variables set by cron. To replicate the " @@ -28629,13 +28609,13 @@ "境變數下測試。要複製一個用來執行上述 cron 項目的環境可以使用：" #. (itstool) path: tip/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19670 +#: book.translate.xml:19689 #, no-wrap msgid "env -i SHELL=/bin/sh PATH=/etc:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin HOME=/home/dru LOGNAME=dru /usr/home/dru/bin/mycustomscript.sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:19672 +#: book.translate.xml:19691 msgid "" "The environment set by cron is discussed in " "crontab5cron will read the crontab and run " @@ -28661,7 +28641,7 @@ "job。要列出 crontab 中有那一些 cron job 可以使用此指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19684 +#: book.translate.xml:19703 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% crontab -l\n" @@ -28669,12 +28649,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19687 +#: book.translate.xml:19706 msgid "To remove all of the cron jobs in a user crontab:" msgstr "要移除使用在使用者 crontab 中的 cron job 可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19689 +#: book.translate.xml:19708 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% crontab -r\n" @@ -28682,12 +28662,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:19696 +#: book.translate.xml:19715 msgid "Managing Services in FreeBSD" msgstr "管理 FreeBSD 中的服務" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19709 +#: book.translate.xml:19728 msgid "" "FreeBSD uses the rc8 system of startup " @@ -28709,13 +28689,13 @@ "citerefentry>：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19717 +#: book.translate.xml:19736 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19719 +#: book.translate.xml:19738 msgid "" "This procedure can be used to start services on a running system. Services " "will be started automatically at boot time as specified in " @@ -28732,13 +28712,13 @@ "manvolnum>，可入下行到 /etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19725 +#: book.translate.xml:19744 #, no-wrap msgid "natd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19727 +#: book.translate.xml:19746 msgid "" "If a line is already present, change the " "NO to YES. The " @@ -28752,7 +28732,7 @@ "相依的服務，詳細如下所述。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19733 +#: book.translate.xml:19752 msgid "" "Since the rc8 system is primarily intended to start and stop " @@ -28782,13 +28762,13 @@ "manvolnum> 可執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19749 +#: book.translate.xml:19768 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd onerestart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19751 +#: book.translate.xml:19770 msgid "" "To check if a service is enabled in /etc/rc.conf, run " "the appropriate rc8 是否在 /etc/rc.conf 已經開啟：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19757 +#: book.translate.xml:19776 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service sshd rcvar\n" @@ -28815,7 +28795,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:19764 +#: book.translate.xml:19783 msgid "" "The # sshd line is output from the above command, not a " "root console." @@ -28824,7 +28804,7 @@ "\"username\">root console。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19769 +#: book.translate.xml:19788 msgid "" "To determine whether or not a service is running, use 啟動 Script：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19811 +#: book.translate.xml:19830 msgid "PROVIDE: Specifies the services this file provides." msgstr "PROVIDE: 設定此檔案所提供的服務。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19816 +#: book.translate.xml:19835 msgid "" "The following key words may be included at the top of each startup script. " "They are not strictly necessary, but are useful as hints to " @@ -28934,7 +28914,7 @@ "manvolnum> 是非常有用的提示：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19822 +#: book.translate.xml:19841 msgid "" "REQUIRE: Lists services which are required for this " "service. The script containing this key word will run after之後 才執行。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19829 +#: book.translate.xml:19848 msgid "" "BEFORE: Lists services which depend on this service. The " "script containing this key word will run before the " @@ -28954,7 +28934,7 @@ "指定的服務啟動 之前 執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19836 +#: book.translate.xml:19855 msgid "" "By carefully setting these keywords for each startup script, an " "administrator has a fine-grained level of control of the startup order of " @@ -28966,7 +28946,7 @@ "業系統所使用的 runlevels。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19842 +#: book.translate.xml:19861 msgid "" "Additional information can be found in rc8 and " @@ -28984,19 +28964,19 @@ "refentrytitle>8 Script 的操作說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19848 +#: book.translate.xml:19867 msgid "Managing System-Specific Configuration" msgstr "管理系統特定的設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19850 +#: book.translate.xml:19869 msgid "" "rc files rc.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19855 +#: book.translate.xml:19874 msgid "" "The principal location for system configuration information is /" "etc/rc.conf. This file contains a wide range of configuration " @@ -29009,7 +28989,7 @@ "filename> 檔案使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19862 +#: book.translate.xml:19881 msgid "" "The entries in /etc/rc.conf override the default " "settings in /etc/defaults/rc.conf. The file containing " @@ -29021,7 +29001,7 @@ "系統特定的設定應到 /etc/rc.conf 所修改。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19869 +#: book.translate.xml:19888 msgid "" "A number of strategies may be applied in clustered applications to separate " "site-wide configuration from system-specific configuration in order to " @@ -29036,7 +29016,7 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19878 +#: book.translate.xml:19897 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sshd_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -29045,14 +29025,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19882 +#: book.translate.xml:19901 msgid "" "Whereas these entries in /etc/rc.conf.local apply to " "this system only:" msgstr "而只套用到此系統的設定放在 /etc/rc.conf.local：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:19886 +#: book.translate.xml:19905 #, no-wrap msgid "" "hostname=\"node1.example.org\"\n" @@ -29060,7 +29040,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19889 +#: book.translate.xml:19908 msgid "" "Distribute /etc/rc.conf to every system using an " "application such as rsync or puppet/etc/rc.conf.local。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19896 +#: book.translate.xml:19915 msgid "" "Upgrading the system will not overwrite /etc/rc.conf, " "so system configuration information will not be lost." @@ -29080,7 +29060,7 @@ "此遺失。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:19901 +#: book.translate.xml:19920 msgid "" "Both /etc/rc.conf and /etc/rc.conf.local are parsed by sh Marc Fonvieille Contributed by " @@ -29111,12 +29091,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19926 book.translate.xml:20139 +#: book.translate.xml:19945 book.translate.xml:20158 msgid "network cards configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:19931 +#: book.translate.xml:19950 msgid "" "Adding and configuring a network interface card (NIC) is " "a common task for any FreeBSD administrator." @@ -29125,17 +29105,17 @@ "NIC) 會是一件常見的工作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:19936 +#: book.translate.xml:19955 msgid "Locating the Correct Driver" msgstr "找到正確的驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:19938 +#: book.translate.xml:19957 msgid "network cards driver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19943 +#: book.translate.xml:19962 msgid "" "First, determine the model of the NIC and the chip it " "uses. FreeBSD supports a wide variety of NICs. Check the " @@ -29147,7 +29127,7 @@ "支援該 NIC。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19949 +#: book.translate.xml:19968 msgid "" "If the NIC is supported, determine the name of the " "FreeBSD driver for the NIC. Refer to /usr/src/" @@ -29165,7 +29145,7 @@ "驅動程式已知問題的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19959 +#: book.translate.xml:19978 msgid "" "The drivers for common NICs are already present in the " "GENERIC kernel, meaning the NIC " @@ -29184,7 +29164,7 @@ "citerefentry> 驅動程式：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:19968 +#: book.translate.xml:19987 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dc0: <82c169 PNIC 10/100BaseTX> port 0xa000-0xa0ff mem 0xd3800000-0xd38\n" @@ -29204,7 +29184,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:19983 +#: book.translate.xml:20002 msgid "" "If the driver for the NIC is not present in " "GENERIC, but a driver is available, the driver will " @@ -29216,7 +29196,7 @@ "驅動程式，有兩種方式可以完成這件事：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:19991 +#: book.translate.xml:20010 msgid "" "The easiest way is to load a kernel module for the NIC " "using kldload8NIC " "into a custom kernel. Refer to /usr/src/sys/conf/NOTES, " @@ -29249,7 +29229,7 @@ "編譯核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20014 +#: book.translate.xml:20033 msgid "" "Using Windows NDIS Drivers" @@ -29258,24 +29238,24 @@ "acronym> 驅動程式" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20016 +#: book.translate.xml:20035 msgid "NDIS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20019 +#: book.translate.xml:20038 msgid "NDISulator" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20022 +#: book.translate.xml:20041 msgid "" "Windows drivers" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20025 +#: book.translate.xml:20044 msgid "" "Microsoft Windows device " @@ -29283,12 +29263,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20029 +#: book.translate.xml:20048 msgid "KLD (kernel loadable object)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20037 +#: book.translate.xml:20056 msgid "" "Unfortunately, there are still many vendors that do not provide schematics " "for their drivers to the open source community because they regard such " @@ -29305,7 +29285,7 @@ "\">Windows 平台用的驅動程式 Binary。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20046 +#: book.translate.xml:20065 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides native support for the Network Driver " "Interface Specification (NDIS). It includes " @@ -29331,7 +29311,7 @@ "USB 裝置也都有支援。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20056 +#: book.translate.xml:20075 msgid "" "To use ndisgen8, three things are needed:" @@ -29340,12 +29320,12 @@ "manvolnum> 需要三樣東西：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20060 +#: book.translate.xml:20079 msgid "FreeBSD kernel sources." msgstr "FreeBSD 核心原始碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20064 +#: book.translate.xml:20083 msgid "" "A Windows XP driver binary with " "a .SYS extension." @@ -29354,7 +29334,7 @@ "\">Windows XP 驅動程式 Binary。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20069 +#: book.translate.xml:20088 msgid "" "A Windows XP driver " "configuration file with a .INF extension." @@ -29363,7 +29343,7 @@ "\">Windows XP 驅動程式設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20074 +#: book.translate.xml:20093 msgid "" "Download the .SYS and .INF files " "for the specific NIC. Generally, these can be found on " @@ -29376,7 +29356,7 @@ "W32DRIVER.INF。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20081 +#: book.translate.xml:20100 msgid "" "The driver bit width must match the version of FreeBSD. For FreeBSD/i386, " "use a Windows 32-bit driver. For " @@ -29389,7 +29369,7 @@ "64-bit 驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20085 +#: book.translate.xml:20104 msgid "" "The next step is to compile the driver binary into a loadable kernel module. " "As root, use " @@ -29402,13 +29382,13 @@ "manvolnum>：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20090 +#: book.translate.xml:20109 #, no-wrap msgid "# ndisgen /path/to/W32DRIVER.INF /path/to/W32DRIVER.SYS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20092 +#: book.translate.xml:20111 msgid "" "This command is interactive and prompts for any extra information it " "requires. A new kernel module will be generated in the current directory. " @@ -29420,13 +29400,13 @@ "refentrytitle>8 來載入新的模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20097 +#: book.translate.xml:20116 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload ./W32DRIVER_SYS.ko" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20099 +#: book.translate.xml:20118 msgid "" "In addition to the generated kernel module, the ndis.ko " "and if_ndis.ko modules must be loaded. This should " @@ -29441,7 +29421,7 @@ "載入。若沒有自動載入，則需使用以下指令手動載入：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20106 +#: book.translate.xml:20125 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kldload ndis\n" @@ -29449,7 +29429,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20109 +#: book.translate.xml:20128 msgid "" "The first command loads the ndis4 miniport driver " @@ -29460,7 +29440,7 @@ "式，而第二個指令會載入產生的 NIC 驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20113 +#: book.translate.xml:20132 msgid "" "Check dmesg8 to see if there were any load errors. If all went " @@ -29471,7 +29451,7 @@ "下所示：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20117 +#: book.translate.xml:20136 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ndis0: <Wireless-G PCI Adapter> mem 0xf4100000-0xf4101fff irq 3 at device 8.0 on pci1\n" @@ -29482,7 +29462,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20123 +#: book.translate.xml:20142 msgid "" "From here, ndis0 can be configured like any other " "NIC." @@ -29491,7 +29471,7 @@ "定使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20126 +#: book.translate.xml:20145 msgid "" "To configure the system to load the ndis4 modules at boot time, " @@ -29505,18 +29485,18 @@ "然後加入下行到 /boot/loader.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20132 +#: book.translate.xml:20151 #, no-wrap msgid "W32DRIVER_SYS_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20137 +#: book.translate.xml:20156 msgid "Configuring the Network Card" msgstr "設定網路卡" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20144 +#: book.translate.xml:20163 msgid "" "Once the right driver is loaded for the NIC, the card " "needs to be configured. It may have been configured at installation time by " @@ -29528,14 +29508,14 @@ "refentrytitle>8 設定過了。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20149 +#: book.translate.xml:20168 msgid "" "To display the NIC configuration, enter the following " "command:" msgstr "要查看 NIC 設定可輸入以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20152 +#: book.translate.xml:20171 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ifconfig\n" @@ -29560,27 +29540,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20172 +#: book.translate.xml:20191 msgid "In this example, the following devices were displayed:" msgstr "在這個例子中列出了以下裝置：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20177 +#: book.translate.xml:20196 msgid "dc0: The first Ethernet interface." msgstr "dc0: 第一個乙太網路介面。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20182 +#: book.translate.xml:20201 msgid "dc1: The second Ethernet interface." msgstr "dc1: 第二個乙太網路介面。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20187 +#: book.translate.xml:20206 msgid "lo0: The loopback device." msgstr "lo0: Loopback 裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20192 +#: book.translate.xml:20211 msgid "" "FreeBSD uses the driver name followed by the order in which the card is " "detected at boot to name the NIC. For example, " @@ -29594,19 +29574,19 @@ "citerefentry> 驅動程式的第三個 NIC。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20199 +#: book.translate.xml:20218 msgid "" "In this example, dc0 is up and running. The key " "indicators are:" msgstr "在此例中，dc0 已經上線並且執行中。主要的依據有：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20204 +#: book.translate.xml:20223 msgid "UP means that the card is configured and ready." msgstr "UP 代表介面卡已設定好並且準備就緒。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20209 +#: book.translate.xml:20228 msgid "" "The card has an Internet (inet) address, 192.168.1.3." @@ -29615,7 +29595,7 @@ "\"ipaddress\">192.168.1.3。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20214 +#: book.translate.xml:20233 msgid "" "It has a valid subnet mask (netmask), where 0xffffff00 is the same as 255.255.255.0。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20221 +#: book.translate.xml:20240 msgid "" "It has a valid broadcast address, 192.168.1.255." @@ -29635,7 +29615,7 @@ "systemitem>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20225 +#: book.translate.xml:20244 msgid "" "The MAC address of the card (ether) is " "00:a0:cc:da:da:da." @@ -29644,7 +29624,7 @@ "00:a0:cc:da:da:da。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20230 +#: book.translate.xml:20249 msgid "" "The physical media selection is on autoselection mode (media: " "Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)). In this " @@ -29658,7 +29638,7 @@ "請參考操作手冊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20240 +#: book.translate.xml:20259 msgid "" "The status of the link (status) is active, indicating that the carrier signal is detected. For dc1status: no carrier 是正常的。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20249 +#: book.translate.xml:20268 msgid "" "If the ifconfig8 output had shown something similar to:" @@ -29679,7 +29659,7 @@ "manvolnum> 的輸出結果如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20252 +#: book.translate.xml:20271 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dc0: flags=8843<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n" @@ -29690,12 +29670,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20258 +#: book.translate.xml:20277 msgid "it would indicate the card has not been configured." msgstr "則代表尚未設定介面卡。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20260 +#: book.translate.xml:20279 msgid "" "The card must be configured as root. The NIC configuration can be performed from " @@ -29713,19 +29693,19 @@ "器，則只需加入此行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20269 +#: book.translate.xml:20288 #, no-wrap msgid "ifconfig_dc0=\"DHCP\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20271 +#: book.translate.xml:20290 msgid "" "Replace dc0 with the correct value for the system." msgstr "替換 dc0 為該系統的正確值。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20274 +#: book.translate.xml:20293 msgid "" "The line added, then, follow the instructions given in ." @@ -29733,7 +29713,7 @@ "加入這行之後，接著依據 指示操作。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:20278 +#: book.translate.xml:20297 msgid "" "If the network was configured during installation, some entries for the " "NIC(s) may be already present. Double check /" @@ -29743,7 +29723,7 @@ "任何設定前請再次檢查 /etc/rc.conf。 " #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20284 +#: book.translate.xml:20303 msgid "" "In the case, there is no DHCP server, the NIC(s) have to be configured manually. Add a line for each " @@ -29753,7 +29733,7 @@ "acronym>。提每一個在系統上的 NIC 加入一行設定，如此例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20289 +#: book.translate.xml:20308 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ifconfig_dc0=\"inet 192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n" @@ -29761,7 +29741,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20292 +#: book.translate.xml:20311 msgid "" "Replace dc0 and dc1 and the " "IP address information with the correct values for the " @@ -29779,7 +29759,7 @@ "及 /etc/rc.conf 的語法。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20299 +#: book.translate.xml:20318 msgid "" "If the network is not using DNS, edit /etc/" "hosts to add the names and IP addresses of the " @@ -29795,7 +29775,7 @@ "share/examples/etc/hosts。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:20307 +#: book.translate.xml:20326 msgid "" "If there is no DHCP server and access to the Internet is " "needed, manually configure the default gateway and the nameserver:" @@ -29804,7 +29784,7 @@ "閘道及名稱伺服器：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20311 +#: book.translate.xml:20330 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# echo 'defaultrouter=\"your_default_router\"' >> /etc/rc.conf\n" @@ -29812,12 +29792,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20317 +#: book.translate.xml:20336 msgid "Testing and Troubleshooting" msgstr "測試與疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20319 +#: book.translate.xml:20338 msgid "" "Once the necessary changes to /etc/rc.conf are saved, a " "reboot can be used to test the network configuration and to verify that the " @@ -29830,13 +29810,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20326 book.translate.xml:62184 +#: book.translate.xml:20345 book.translate.xml:62567 #, no-wrap msgid "# service netif restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:20329 +#: book.translate.xml:20348 msgid "" "If a default gateway has been set in /etc/rc.conf, also " "issue this command:" @@ -29844,30 +29824,30 @@ "若預設的通訊閘已設定於 /etc/rc.conf 也同樣要下這個指令：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20333 +#: book.translate.xml:20352 #, no-wrap msgid "# service routing restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20336 +#: book.translate.xml:20355 msgid "" "Once the networking system has been relaunched, test the NICs." msgstr "網路系統重新啟動後，便可接著測試 NIC。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20340 +#: book.translate.xml:20359 msgid "Testing the Ethernet Card" msgstr "測試乙太網路卡" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20342 +#: book.translate.xml:20361 msgid "network cards testing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20347 +#: book.translate.xml:20366 msgid "" "To verify that an Ethernet card is configured correctly, " "ping8 其他於 LAN 上的主機：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20351 +#: book.translate.xml:20370 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ping -c5 192.168.1.3\n" @@ -29898,7 +29878,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20363 +#: book.translate.xml:20382 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ping -c5 192.168.1.2\n" @@ -29915,7 +29895,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20375 +#: book.translate.xml:20394 msgid "" "To test network resolution, use the host name instead of the IP address. If there is no DNS server on the " @@ -29935,12 +29915,12 @@ "citerefentry> 及 /usr/share/examples/etc/hosts。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20390 +#: book.translate.xml:20409 msgid "network cards troubleshooting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20395 +#: book.translate.xml:20414 msgid "" "When troubleshooting hardware and software configurations, check the simple " "things first. Is the network cable plugged in? Are the network services " @@ -29955,7 +29935,7 @@ "STABLE 版本、檢查郵遞論壇封存記錄以及上網查詢。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20404 +#: book.translate.xml:20423 msgid "" "If the card works, yet performance is poor, read through " "tuning7device timeout " "messages, which is normal for some cards. If they continue, or are " @@ -29979,7 +29959,7 @@ "次檢查網路線，或考慮使用其他介面卡。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20416 +#: book.translate.xml:20435 msgid "" "To resolve watchdog timeout errors, first check the " "network cable. Many cards require a PCI slot which " @@ -29993,7 +29973,7 @@ "NIC 以及主機板說明文件來確定是否為此問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20425 +#: book.translate.xml:20444 msgid "" "No route to host messages occur if the system is " "unable to route a packet to the destination host. This can happen if no " @@ -30007,7 +29987,7 @@ "有，請閱讀 。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20433 +#: book.translate.xml:20452 msgid "" "ping: sendto: Permission denied error messages are " "often caused by a misconfigured firewall. If a firewall is enabled on " @@ -30023,7 +30003,7 @@ "\"firewalls\"/> 取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20440 +#: book.translate.xml:20459 msgid "" "Sometimes performance of the card is poor or below average. In these cases, " "try setting the media selection mode from autoselect to " @@ -30039,22 +30019,22 @@ "citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:20452 +#: book.translate.xml:20471 msgid "Virtual Hosts" msgstr "虛擬主機" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20454 +#: book.translate.xml:20473 msgid "virtual hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20455 +#: book.translate.xml:20474 msgid "IP aliases" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20458 +#: book.translate.xml:20477 msgid "" "A common use of FreeBSD is virtual site hosting, where one server appears to " "the network as many servers. This is achieved by assigning multiple network " @@ -30064,7 +30044,7 @@ "器，這可以透過指定多個網路位置到一個網路介面來做到。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20463 +#: book.translate.xml:20482 msgid "" "A given network interface has one real address, and may have " "any number of alias addresses. These aliases are normally " @@ -30076,13 +30056,13 @@ "名項目來增加別名，如下例：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20469 +#: book.translate.xml:20488 #, no-wrap msgid "ifconfig_fxp0_alias0=\"inet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20471 +#: book.translate.xml:20490 msgid "" "Alias entries must start with alias0 using a sequential number such as alias0, " @@ -30094,7 +30074,7 @@ "推，設定程序會在第一個遇到缺號的地方中止。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20478 +#: book.translate.xml:20497 msgid "" "The calculation of alias netmasks is important. For a given interface, there " "must be one address which correctly represents the network's netmask. Any " @@ -30109,7 +30089,7 @@ "0xffffffff 來表示。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20486 +#: book.translate.xml:20505 msgid "" "For example, consider the case where the fxp0 interface " "is connected to two networks: 10.1.1.0/etc/rc.conf entries configure the " "adapter correctly for this scenario:" @@ -30153,7 +30133,7 @@ "目：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20511 +#: book.translate.xml:20530 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ifconfig_fxp0=\"inet 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n" @@ -30168,7 +30148,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20521 +#: book.translate.xml:20540 msgid "" "A simpler way to express this is with a space-separated list of IP address ranges. The first address will be given the indicated " @@ -30180,43 +30160,43 @@ "255.255.255.255 的子網路遮罩。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20527 +#: book.translate.xml:20546 #, no-wrap msgid "ifconfig_fxp0_aliases=\"inet 10.1.1.1-5/24 inet 202.0.75.17-20/28\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:20532 +#: book.translate.xml:20551 msgid "Configuring System Logging" msgstr "設定系統日誌" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:20535 +#: book.translate.xml:20554 msgid "" " Niclas Zeising Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20545 +#: book.translate.xml:20564 msgid "system logging" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20548 book.translate.xml:56895 +#: book.translate.xml:20567 book.translate.xml:57278 msgid "syslog" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20551 +#: book.translate.xml:20570 msgid "" "syslogd8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20555 +#: book.translate.xml:20574 msgid "" "Generating and reading system logs is an important aspect of system " "administration. The information in system logs can be used to detect " @@ -30231,7 +30211,7 @@ "生日誌項目。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20563 +#: book.translate.xml:20582 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides a system logger, syslogd, to " "manage logging. By default, syslogd is started " @@ -30251,7 +30231,7 @@ "manvolnum> 來取得更多可用參數的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:20574 +#: book.translate.xml:20593 msgid "" "This section describes how to configure the FreeBSD system logger for both " "local and remote logging and how to perform log rotation and log management." @@ -30260,17 +30240,17 @@ "誌翻轉 (Log rotation) 與日誌管理。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20579 +#: book.translate.xml:20598 msgid "Configuring Local Logging" msgstr "設定本地日誌" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20581 +#: book.translate.xml:20600 msgid "syslog.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20583 +#: book.translate.xml:20602 msgid "" "The configuration file, /etc/syslog.conf, controls what " "syslogd does with log entries as they are " @@ -30291,7 +30271,7 @@ "名稱來決定後續處置的動作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20598 +#: book.translate.xml:20617 msgid "" "This configuration file contains one line per action, where the syntax for " "each line is a selector field followed by an action field. The syntax of the " @@ -30315,10 +30295,10 @@ "以下為 FreeBSD 預設的 syslog.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20613 +#: book.translate.xml:20632 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"# $FreeBSD$\n" +"# <_:phrase-1/>\n" "#\n" "# Spaces ARE valid field separators in this file. However,\n" "# other *nix-like systems still insist on using tabs as field\n" @@ -30356,12 +30336,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20649 +#: book.translate.xml:20668 msgid "In this example:" msgstr "在這個範例中：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20653 +#: book.translate.xml:20672 msgid "" "Line 8 matches all messages with a level of err or " "higher, as well as kern.warning, auth.notice/dev/console)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20663 +#: book.translate.xml:20682 msgid "" "Line 12 matches all messages from the mail facility at " "level info or above and logs the messages to /" @@ -30385,7 +30365,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20670 +#: book.translate.xml:20689 msgid "" "Line 17 uses a comparison flag (=) to only match messages " "at level debug and logs them to /var/log/debug." @@ -30395,7 +30375,7 @@ "literal> 層級的訊息，並將訊息記錄至 /var/log/debug.log。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20677 +#: book.translate.xml:20696 msgid "" "Line 33 is an example usage of a program specification. This makes the rules " "following it only valid for the specified program. In this case, only the " @@ -30407,7 +30387,7 @@ "/var/log/ppp.log。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20685 +#: book.translate.xml:20704 msgid "" "The available levels, in order from most to least critical are " "emerg, alert, crit, " @@ -30420,7 +30400,7 @@ "literal> 以及 debug。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20692 +#: book.translate.xml:20711 msgid "" "The facilities, in no particular order, are auth, " "authpriv, console, cronnotice and higher to " "/var/log/daemon.log, add the following entry:" @@ -30450,13 +30430,13 @@ "log/daemon.log 可加入以下項目：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20708 +#: book.translate.xml:20727 #, no-wrap msgid "daemon.notice /var/log/daemon.log" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20710 +#: book.translate.xml:20729 msgid "" "For more information about the different levels and facilities, refer to " "syslog3。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:20718 +#: book.translate.xml:20737 msgid "Log Management and Rotation" msgstr "日誌管理與翻轉" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20720 +#: book.translate.xml:20739 msgid "newsyslog" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20721 +#: book.translate.xml:20740 msgid "newsyslog.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20722 +#: book.translate.xml:20741 msgid "log rotation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:20723 +#: book.translate.xml:20742 msgid "log management" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20725 +#: book.translate.xml:20744 msgid "" "Log files can grow quickly, taking up disk space and making it more " "difficult to locate useful information. Log management attempts to mitigate " @@ -30525,7 +30505,7 @@ "次。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20738 +#: book.translate.xml:20757 msgid "" "To know which actions to take, newsyslog reads " "its configuration file, /etc/newsyslog.conf. This file " @@ -30542,11 +30522,11 @@ "知的程式。以下為 FreeBSD 的預設設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20748 +#: book.translate.xml:20767 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# configuration file for newsyslog\n" -"# $FreeBSD$\n" +"# <_:phrase-1/>\n" "#\n" "# Entries which do not specify the '/pid_file' field will cause the\n" "# syslogd process to be signalled when that log file is rotated. This\n" @@ -30587,7 +30567,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20788 +#: book.translate.xml:20807 msgid "" "Each line starts with the name of the log to be rotated, optionally followed " "by an owner and group for both rotated and newly created files. The " @@ -30616,7 +30596,7 @@ "信號 (Signal) 編號。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:20806 +#: book.translate.xml:20825 msgid "" "For more information on all fields, valid flags, and how to specify the " "rotation time, refer to newsyslog.confsyslogd and " @@ -30662,12 +30642,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20845 +#: book.translate.xml:20864 msgid "Log Server Configuration" msgstr "日誌伺服器設定" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20847 +#: book.translate.xml:20866 msgid "" "A log server is a system that has been configured to accept logging " "information from other hosts. Before configuring a log server, check the " @@ -30675,7 +30655,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20853 +#: book.translate.xml:20872 msgid "" "If there is a firewall between the logging server and any logging clients, " "ensure that the firewall ruleset allows UDP port 514 for " @@ -30683,7 +30663,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:20860 +#: book.translate.xml:20879 msgid "" "The logging server and all client machines must have forward and reverse " "entries in the local DNS. If the network does not have a " @@ -30693,7 +30673,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20870 +#: book.translate.xml:20889 msgid "" "On the log server, edit /etc/syslog.conf to specify the " "name of the client to receive log entries from, the logging facility to be " @@ -30703,12 +30683,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:20880 +#: book.translate.xml:20899 msgid "Sample Log Server Configuration" msgstr "日誌伺服器設定範例" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20882 +#: book.translate.xml:20901 #, no-wrap msgid "" "+logclient.example.com\n" @@ -30716,7 +30696,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20886 +#: book.translate.xml:20905 msgid "" "When adding multiple log clients, add a similar two-line entry for each " "client. More information about the available facilities may be found in " @@ -30725,12 +30705,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20890 +#: book.translate.xml:20909 msgid "Next, configure /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20893 +#: book.translate.xml:20912 #, no-wrap msgid "" "syslogd_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -30738,7 +30718,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20896 +#: book.translate.xml:20915 msgid "" "The first entry starts syslogd at system boot. " "The second entry allows log entries from the specified client. The options may be specified to allow logging from " "multiple clients. IP addresses and whole netblocks may " @@ -30758,25 +30738,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20910 +#: book.translate.xml:20929 msgid "Finally, create the log file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20912 +#: book.translate.xml:20931 #, no-wrap msgid "# touch /var/log/logclient.log" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20914 +#: book.translate.xml:20933 msgid "" "At this point, syslogd should be restarted and " "verified:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20917 +#: book.translate.xml:20936 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service syslogd restart\n" @@ -30784,7 +30764,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20920 +#: book.translate.xml:20939 msgid "" "If a PID is returned, the server restarted successfully, " "and client configuration can begin. If the server did not restart, consult " @@ -30792,26 +30772,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20927 +#: book.translate.xml:20946 msgid "Log Client Configuration" msgstr "日誌客戶端設定" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20929 +#: book.translate.xml:20948 msgid "" "A logging client sends log entries to a logging server on the network. The " "client also keeps a local copy of its own logs." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20933 +#: book.translate.xml:20952 msgid "" "Once a logging server has been configured, edit /etc/rc.conf on the logging client:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20937 +#: book.translate.xml:20956 #, no-wrap msgid "" "syslogd_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -30819,7 +30799,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20940 +#: book.translate.xml:20959 msgid "" "The first entry enables syslogd on boot up. The " "second entry prevents logs from being accepted by this client from other " @@ -30827,7 +30807,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20946 +#: book.translate.xml:20965 msgid "" "Next, define the logging server in the client's /etc/syslog.conf. In this example, all logged facilities are sent to a remote " @@ -30836,26 +30816,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:20952 +#: book.translate.xml:20971 #, no-wrap msgid "*.*\t\t@logserv.example.com" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20954 +#: book.translate.xml:20973 msgid "" "After saving the edit, restart syslogd for the " "changes to take effect:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:20958 book.translate.xml:21002 +#: book.translate.xml:20977 book.translate.xml:21021 #, no-wrap msgid "# service syslogd restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20960 +#: book.translate.xml:20979 msgid "" "To test that log messages are being sent across the network, use " "logger1# logger \"Test message from logclient\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20966 +#: book.translate.xml:20985 msgid "" "This message should now exist both in /var/log/messages " "on the client and /var/log/logclient.log on the log " @@ -30878,12 +30858,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:20973 +#: book.translate.xml:20992 msgid "Debugging Log Servers" msgstr "日誌伺服器除錯" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20975 +#: book.translate.xml:20994 msgid "" "If no messages are being received on the log server, the cause is most " "likely a network connectivity issue, a hostname resolution issue, or a typo " @@ -30897,7 +30877,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:20989 +#: book.translate.xml:21008 msgid "" "If the ping succeeds on both hosts but log messages are " "still not being received, temporarily increase logging verbosity to narrow " @@ -30909,20 +30889,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21000 +#: book.translate.xml:21019 #, no-wrap msgid "syslogd_flags=\"-d -a logclient.example.com -v -v\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21004 +#: book.translate.xml:21023 msgid "" "Debugging data similar to the following will flash on the console " "immediately after the restart:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21007 +#: book.translate.xml:21026 #, no-wrap msgid "" "logmsg: pri 56, flags 4, from logserv.example.com, msg syslogd: restart\n" @@ -30936,7 +30916,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21016 +#: book.translate.xml:21035 msgid "" "In this example, the log messages are being rejected due to a typo which " "results in a hostname mismatch. The client's hostname should be " @@ -30945,7 +30925,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21022 +#: book.translate.xml:21041 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service syslogd restart\n" @@ -30964,7 +30944,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21036 +#: book.translate.xml:21055 msgid "" "At this point, the messages are being properly received and placed in the " "correct file." @@ -30972,12 +30952,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect3/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21041 book.translate.xml:52432 +#: book.translate.xml:21060 book.translate.xml:52817 msgid "Security Considerations" msgstr "安全注意事項" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21043 +#: book.translate.xml:21062 msgid "" "As with any network service, security requirements should be considered " "before implementing a logging server. Log files may contain sensitive data " @@ -30989,7 +30969,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21053 +#: book.translate.xml:21072 msgid "" "Local security is also an issue. Log files are not encrypted during use or " "after log rotation. Local users may access log files to gain additional " @@ -31003,44 +30983,44 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21071 +#: book.translate.xml:21090 msgid "/etc Layout" msgstr "/etc 配置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21074 +#: book.translate.xml:21093 msgid "" "There are a number of directories in which configuration information is " "kept. These include:" msgstr "有數個目錄中儲存著設定資訊，這些目錄有：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21084 +#: book.translate.xml:21103 msgid "/etc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21085 +#: book.translate.xml:21104 msgid "Generic system-specific configuration information." msgstr "通用系統特定的設定資訊。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21090 +#: book.translate.xml:21109 msgid "/etc/defaults" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21091 +#: book.translate.xml:21110 msgid "Default versions of system configuration files." msgstr "系統設定檔的預設版本。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21096 +#: book.translate.xml:21115 msgid "/etc/mail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21097 +#: book.translate.xml:21116 msgid "" "Extra sendmail8 configuration and other MTA " @@ -31050,22 +31030,22 @@ "manvolnum> 額外的設定以及其他 MTA 設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21102 +#: book.translate.xml:21121 msgid "/etc/ppp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21103 +#: book.translate.xml:21122 msgid "Configuration for both user- and kernel-ppp programs." msgstr "user- 及 kernel-ppp 程式的設定。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21108 book.translate.xml:55208 +#: book.translate.xml:21127 book.translate.xml:55593 msgid "/etc/namedb" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21109 +#: book.translate.xml:21128 msgid "" "Default location for named8 data. Normally " @@ -31076,24 +31056,24 @@ "檔案正常會儲存在此處。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21115 +#: book.translate.xml:21134 msgid "/usr/local/etc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21116 +#: book.translate.xml:21135 msgid "" "Configuration files for installed applications. May contain per-application " "subdirectories." msgstr "已安裝應用程式的設定檔，可能會有以應用程式區分的子目錄。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21121 +#: book.translate.xml:21140 msgid "/usr/local/etc/rc.d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21122 +#: book.translate.xml:21141 msgid "" "rc8 scripts for installed applications." @@ -31102,12 +31082,12 @@ "refentrytitle>8 Script。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21127 +#: book.translate.xml:21146 msgid "/var/db" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21128 +#: book.translate.xml:21147 msgid "" "Automatically generated system-specific database files, such as the package " "database and the locate 資料庫。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21138 +#: book.translate.xml:21157 msgid "Hostnames" msgstr "主機名稱" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21140 +#: book.translate.xml:21159 msgid "hostname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21141 book.translate.xml:49085 book.translate.xml:50187 -#: book.translate.xml:51073 book.translate.xml:54918 +#: book.translate.xml:21160 book.translate.xml:49470 book.translate.xml:50572 +#: book.translate.xml:51458 book.translate.xml:55303 msgid "DNS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21144 +#: book.translate.xml:21163 msgid "/etc/resolv.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21146 +#: book.translate.xml:21165 msgid "resolv.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21150 +#: book.translate.xml:21169 msgid "" "How a FreeBSD system accesses the Internet Domain Name System (DNS) is controlled by resolv.conf5 來控制。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21154 +#: book.translate.xml:21173 msgid "The most common entries to /etc/resolv.conf are:" msgstr "/etc/resolv.conf 中最常用的項目為：" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21164 +#: book.translate.xml:21183 msgid "nameserver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21165 +#: book.translate.xml:21184 msgid "" "The IP address of a name server the resolver should " "query. The servers are queried in the order listed with a maximum of three." @@ -31175,34 +31155,34 @@ "會依所列的順序來查詢，最多可以有三個。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21172 +#: book.translate.xml:21191 msgid "search" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21173 +#: book.translate.xml:21192 msgid "" "Search list for hostname lookup. This is normally determined by the domain " "of the local hostname." msgstr "主機名稱查詢使用的搜尋清單。這通常會使用本機主機名稱所在的網域。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21179 +#: book.translate.xml:21198 msgid "domain" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:21180 +#: book.translate.xml:21199 msgid "The local domain name." msgstr "本地網域名稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21186 +#: book.translate.xml:21205 msgid "A typical /etc/resolv.conf looks like this:" msgstr "典型的 /etc/resolv.conf 會如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21189 +#: book.translate.xml:21208 #, no-wrap msgid "" "search example.com\n" @@ -31211,7 +31191,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:21194 +#: book.translate.xml:21213 msgid "" "Only one of the search and domain " "options should be used." @@ -31219,7 +31199,7 @@ "search 與 domain 選項應擇一使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21198 +#: book.translate.xml:21217 msgid "" "When using DHCP, dhclient8 usually rewrites " @@ -31232,17 +31212,17 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21205 +#: book.translate.xml:21224 msgid "/etc/hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21207 +#: book.translate.xml:21226 msgid "hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21209 +#: book.translate.xml:21228 msgid "" "/etc/hosts is a simple text database which works in " "conjunction with DNS and NIS to " @@ -31263,10 +31243,10 @@ "用名稱向外部 DNS 伺服器查詢的需求。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21222 +#: book.translate.xml:21241 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"# $FreeBSD$\n" +"# <_:phrase-1/>\n" "#\n" "#\n" "# Host Database\n" @@ -31301,29 +31281,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21255 +#: book.translate.xml:21274 msgid "The format of /etc/hosts is as follows:" msgstr "/etc/hosts 的格式如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21258 +#: book.translate.xml:21277 #, no-wrap msgid "[Internet address] [official hostname] [alias1] [alias2] ..." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21260 +#: book.translate.xml:21279 msgid "For example:" msgstr "例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21262 +#: book.translate.xml:21281 #, no-wrap msgid "10.0.0.1 myRealHostname.example.com myRealHostname foobar1 foobar2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21264 +#: book.translate.xml:21283 msgid "" "Consult hosts5 for more information." @@ -31332,7 +31312,7 @@ "manvolnum> 取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:21270 +#: book.translate.xml:21289 msgid "" "Tuning with sysctl8" @@ -31342,17 +31322,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21272 book.translate.xml:21317 +#: book.translate.xml:21291 book.translate.xml:21336 msgid "sysctl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21273 +#: book.translate.xml:21292 msgid "tuning with sysctl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21278 +#: book.translate.xml:21297 msgid "" "sysctl8 is used to make changes to a running FreeBSD system. This " @@ -31369,7 +31349,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8 來讀取與設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21285 +#: book.translate.xml:21304 msgid "" "At its core, sysctl8 serves two functions: " @@ -31379,23 +31359,23 @@ "citerefentry> 主要提供兩個功能：讀取與修改系統設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21288 +#: book.translate.xml:21307 msgid "To view all readable variables:" msgstr "檢視所有可讀取的變數：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21290 +#: book.translate.xml:21309 #, no-wrap msgid "% sysctl -a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21292 +#: book.translate.xml:21311 msgid "To read a particular variable, specify its name:" msgstr "要讀取特定變數只要指定其名稱：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21294 +#: book.translate.xml:21313 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% sysctl kern.maxproc\n" @@ -31403,7 +31383,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21297 +#: book.translate.xml:21316 msgid "" "To set a particular variable, use the variable=value syntax:" @@ -31412,7 +31392,7 @@ "replaceable> 語法：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21301 +#: book.translate.xml:21320 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000\n" @@ -31420,7 +31400,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21304 +#: book.translate.xml:21323 msgid "" "Settings of sysctl variables are usually either strings, numbers, or " "booleans, where a boolean is 1 for yes or 00 代表否。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21308 +#: book.translate.xml:21327 msgid "" "To automatically set some variables each time the machine boots, add them to " "/etc/sysctl.conf. For more information, refer to " @@ -31443,17 +31423,17 @@ "\"configtuning-sysctlconf\"/>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21314 +#: book.translate.xml:21333 msgid "sysctl.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21316 +#: book.translate.xml:21335 msgid "sysctl.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21319 +#: book.translate.xml:21338 msgid "" "The configuration file for sysctl8, /etc/sysctl." @@ -31469,7 +31449,7 @@ "此模式設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21326 +#: book.translate.xml:21345 msgid "" "For example, to turn off logging of fatal signal exits and prevent users " "from seeing processes started by other users, the following tunables can be " @@ -31479,7 +31459,7 @@ "行的程序，可加入以下設定到 /etc/sysctl.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:21331 +#: book.translate.xml:21350 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Do not log fatal signal exits (e.g., sig 11)\n" @@ -31491,7 +31471,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:21341 +#: book.translate.xml:21360 msgid "" "sysctl8 Read-only" @@ -31500,7 +31480,7 @@ "manvolnum>" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21354 +#: book.translate.xml:21373 msgid "" "In some cases it may be desirable to modify read-only " "sysctl8cardbus4sysctl84 應可正常運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:21374 +#: book.translate.xml:21393 msgid "Tuning Disks" msgstr "調校磁碟" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:21376 +#: book.translate.xml:21395 msgid "" "The following section will discuss various tuning mechanisms and options " "which may be applied to disk devices. In many cases, disks with mechanical " @@ -31575,22 +31555,22 @@ "IO 相關的有用資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21390 +#: book.translate.xml:21409 msgid "Sysctl Variables" msgstr "Sysctl 變數" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21393 +#: book.translate.xml:21412 msgid "vfs.vmiodirenable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21395 +#: book.translate.xml:21414 msgid "vfs.vmiodirenable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21399 +#: book.translate.xml:21418 msgid "" "The vfs.vmiodirenable " "sysctl8vfs.write_behind" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21427 +#: book.translate.xml:21446 msgid "vfs.write_behind" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21431 +#: book.translate.xml:21450 msgid "" "The vfs.write_behind sysctl8 variable defaults to " @@ -31636,17 +31616,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21443 +#: book.translate.xml:21462 msgid "vfs.hirunningspace" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21445 +#: book.translate.xml:21464 msgid "vfs.hirunningspace" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21449 +#: book.translate.xml:21468 msgid "" "The vfs.hirunningspace " "sysctl8VM page cache " "related sysctl8vm.swap_idle_enabled" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21470 +#: book.translate.xml:21489 msgid "vm.swap_idle_enabled" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21474 +#: book.translate.xml:21493 msgid "" "The vm.swap_idle_enabled " "sysctl8hw.ata.wc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21497 +#: book.translate.xml:21516 msgid "hw.ata.wc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21501 +#: book.translate.xml:21520 msgid "" "Turning off IDE write caching reduces write bandwidth to " "IDE disks, but may sometimes be necessary due to data " @@ -31728,24 +31708,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21519 +#: book.translate.xml:21538 msgid "" "For more information, refer to ata4." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21523 +#: book.translate.xml:21542 msgid "SCSI_DELAY (kern.cam.scsi_delay)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21526 +#: book.translate.xml:21545 msgid "kern.cam.scsi_delay" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21530 +#: book.translate.xml:21549 msgid "" "kernel options SCSI DELAY" @@ -31754,7 +31734,7 @@ "secondary>" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21535 +#: book.translate.xml:21554 msgid "" "The SCSI_DELAY kernel configuration option may be used to " "reduce system boot times. The defaults are fairly high and can be " @@ -31767,24 +31747,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21551 +#: book.translate.xml:21570 msgid "Soft Updates" msgstr "軟更新" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21553 +#: book.translate.xml:21572 msgid "Soft Updates" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21554 +#: book.translate.xml:21573 msgid "" "tunefs8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21556 +#: book.translate.xml:21575 msgid "" "To fine-tune a file system, use tunefs8. This program has many " @@ -31792,7 +31772,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:21560 +#: book.translate.xml:21579 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# tunefs -n enable /filesystem\n" @@ -31800,7 +31780,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21563 +#: book.translate.xml:21582 msgid "" "A file system cannot be modified with tunefs8 while it is mounted. A " @@ -31809,7 +31789,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21567 +#: book.translate.xml:21586 msgid "" "Soft Updates is recommended for UFS file systems as it " "drastically improves meta-data performance, mainly file creation and " @@ -31824,17 +31804,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21581 +#: book.translate.xml:21600 msgid "More Details About Soft Updates" msgstr "有關軟更新的更多詳細資訊" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21583 +#: book.translate.xml:21602 msgid "Soft Updates details" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21588 +#: book.translate.xml:21607 msgid "" "Meta-data updates are updates to non-content data like inodes or " "directories. There are two traditional approaches to writing a file system's " @@ -31842,7 +31822,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21592 +#: book.translate.xml:21611 msgid "" "Historically, the default behavior was to write out meta-data updates " "synchronously. If a directory changed, the system waited until the change " @@ -31865,7 +31845,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21615 +#: book.translate.xml:21634 msgid "" "The second approach is to use asynchronous meta-data updates. This is the " "default for a UFS file system mounted with mount " @@ -31891,7 +31871,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21642 +#: book.translate.xml:21661 msgid "" "The usual solution for this problem is to implement dirty region " "logging, which is also referred to as journalingFFS, solved this " "problem with Soft Updates. All pending meta-data updates are kept in memory " @@ -31950,7 +31930,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21699 +#: book.translate.xml:21718 msgid "" "The advantage is that meta-data operations are nearly as fast as " "asynchronous updates and are faster than logging, which " @@ -31970,32 +31950,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:21721 +#: book.translate.xml:21740 msgid "Tuning Kernel Limits" msgstr "調校核心限制" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21723 +#: book.translate.xml:21742 msgid "tuning kernel limits" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21729 +#: book.translate.xml:21748 msgid "File/Process Limits" msgstr "檔案/程序限制" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21732 +#: book.translate.xml:21751 msgid "kern.maxfiles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21734 +#: book.translate.xml:21753 msgid "kern.maxfiles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21738 +#: book.translate.xml:21757 msgid "" "The kern.maxfiles sysctl8 variable can be raised " @@ -32008,7 +31988,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21746 +#: book.translate.xml:21765 msgid "" "Each open file, socket, or fifo uses one file descriptor. A large-scale " "production server may easily require many thousands of file descriptors, " @@ -32016,7 +31996,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21751 +#: book.translate.xml:21770 msgid "" "In older FreeBSD releases, the default value of kern.maxfiles is derived from in the kernel " @@ -32029,7 +32009,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21763 +#: book.translate.xml:21782 msgid "" "The read-only sysctl8 variable kern." @@ -32048,7 +32028,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: footnote/para -#: book.translate.xml:21785 +#: book.translate.xml:21804 msgid "" "The auto-tuning algorithm sets maxusers equal to the " "amount of memory in the system, with a minimum of 32, and " @@ -32056,7 +32036,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21782 +#: book.translate.xml:21801 msgid "" "In older releases, the system will auto-tune maxusers if " "it is set to 0. <_:footnote-1/>. When setting this " @@ -32079,7 +32059,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:21814 +#: book.translate.xml:21833 msgid "" "maxusers does not limit the number " "of users which can log into the machine. It instead sets various table sizes " @@ -32088,17 +32068,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21824 +#: book.translate.xml:21843 msgid "kern.ipc.soacceptqueue" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21826 +#: book.translate.xml:21845 msgid "kern.ipc.soacceptqueue" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21830 +#: book.translate.xml:21849 msgid "" "The kern.ipc.soacceptqueue " "sysctl8NMBCLUSTERS kernel configuration option dictates the " "amount of network Mbufs available to the system. A heavily-trafficked server " @@ -32142,7 +32122,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21873 +#: book.translate.xml:21892 msgid "" "The kern.ipc.nmbclusters loader tunable should be used to " "tune this at boot time. Only older versions of FreeBSD will require the use " @@ -32152,7 +32132,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:21879 +#: book.translate.xml:21898 msgid "" "For busy servers that make extensive use of the " "sendfile2sendfile2net.inet.ip.portrange.*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21903 +#: book.translate.xml:21922 msgid "net.inet.ip.portrange.*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21907 +#: book.translate.xml:21926 msgid "" "The net.inet.ip.portrange.* " "sysctl8TCP Bandwidth Delay Product" msgstr "TCP 頻寬延遲乘積" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:21940 +#: book.translate.xml:21959 msgid "" "TCP Bandwidth Delay Product Limiting " "net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21946 +#: book.translate.xml:21965 msgid "" "TCP bandwidth delay product limiting can be enabled by " "setting the net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable " @@ -32243,7 +32223,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21955 +#: book.translate.xml:21974 msgid "" "This feature is useful when serving data over modems, Gigabit Ethernet, high " "speed WAN links, or any other link with a high bandwidth " @@ -32263,7 +32243,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21975 +#: book.translate.xml:21994 msgid "" "Adjusting net.inet.tcp.inflight.stab is not recommended. This parameter defaults to 20, " @@ -32280,17 +32260,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:21994 +#: book.translate.xml:22013 msgid "Virtual Memory" msgstr "虛擬記憶體" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:21997 +#: book.translate.xml:22016 msgid "kern.maxvnodes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:21999 +#: book.translate.xml:22018 msgid "" "A vnode is the internal representation of a file or directory. Increasing " "the number of vnodes available to the operating system reduces disk I/O. " @@ -32301,12 +32281,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22009 +#: book.translate.xml:22028 msgid "To see the current number of vnodes in use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22011 +#: book.translate.xml:22030 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl vfs.numvnodes\n" @@ -32314,12 +32294,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22014 +#: book.translate.xml:22033 msgid "To see the maximum vnodes:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22016 +#: book.translate.xml:22035 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl kern.maxvnodes\n" @@ -32327,7 +32307,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22019 +#: book.translate.xml:22038 msgid "" "If the current vnode usage is near the maximum, try increasing kern." "maxvnodes by a value of 1000. Keep an eye on " @@ -32339,12 +32319,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:22032 +#: book.translate.xml:22051 msgid "Adding Swap Space" msgstr "增加交換空間" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22034 +#: book.translate.xml:22053 msgid "" "Sometimes a system requires more swap space. This section describes two " "methods to increase swap space: adding swap to an existing partition or new " @@ -32355,7 +32335,7 @@ "交換檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22039 +#: book.translate.xml:22058 msgid "" "For information on how to encrypt swap space, which options exist, and why " "it should be done, refer to ." @@ -32364,12 +32344,12 @@ "考 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22043 +#: book.translate.xml:22062 msgid "Swap on a New Hard Drive or Existing Partition" msgstr "使用新硬碟或既有分割區增加交換空間" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22045 +#: book.translate.xml:22064 msgid "" "Adding a new hard drive for swap gives better performance than using a " "partition on an existing drive. Setting up partitions and hard drives is " @@ -32382,20 +32362,20 @@ "\"configtuning-initial\"/> 會討論到分割區的配置與交換分割區大小需考量的事項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22050 +#: book.translate.xml:22069 msgid "" "Use swapon to add a swap partition to the system. For " "example:" msgstr "使用 swapon 來增加交換分割區到系統，例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22053 +#: book.translate.xml:22072 #, no-wrap msgid "# swapon /dev/ada1s1b" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:22056 +#: book.translate.xml:22075 msgid "" "It is possible to use any partition not currently mounted, even if it " "already contains data. Using swapon on a partition that " @@ -32408,7 +32388,7 @@ "在執行 swapon 之前確認真的要使用該分割區增加交換空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22064 +#: book.translate.xml:22083 msgid "" "To automatically add this swap partition on boot, add an entry to /" "etc/fstab:" @@ -32417,13 +32397,13 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:22067 +#: book.translate.xml:22086 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/ada1s1b\tnone\tswap\tsw\t0\t0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22069 +#: book.translate.xml:22088 msgid "" "See fstab5 for an explanation of the entries in /" @@ -32438,12 +32418,12 @@ "citerefentry> 找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22076 +#: book.translate.xml:22095 msgid "Creating a Swap File" msgstr "建立交換檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22078 +#: book.translate.xml:22097 msgid "" "These examples create a 64M swap file called /usr/swap0 " "instead of using a partition." @@ -32452,7 +32432,7 @@ "分割區建立交換空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22082 +#: book.translate.xml:22101 msgid "" "Using swap files requires that the module needed by " "md4X and Later" msgstr "建立交換檔於 FreeBSD 10.X 及以後版本" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:22094 +#: book.translate.xml:22113 msgid "Create the swap file:" msgstr "建立交換檔：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22096 book.translate.xml:22134 +#: book.translate.xml:22115 book.translate.xml:22153 #, no-wrap msgid "# dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/swap0 bs=1m count=64" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:22100 +#: book.translate.xml:22119 msgid "Set the proper permissions on the new file:" msgstr "在新檔案設定適當的權限：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22102 book.translate.xml:22141 +#: book.translate.xml:22121 book.translate.xml:22160 #, no-wrap msgid "# chmod 0600 /usr/swap0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:22106 +#: book.translate.xml:22125 msgid "" "Inform the system about the swap file by adding a line to /etc/" "fstab:" msgstr "加入行到 /etc/fstab 以讓系統知道交換檔的資訊：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:22109 +#: book.translate.xml:22128 #, no-wrap msgid "md99\tnone\tswap\tsw,file=/usr/swap0,late\t0\t0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:22111 +#: book.translate.xml:22130 msgid "" "The md4 device md99 is used, leaving lower device " @@ -32518,7 +32498,7 @@ "號供互動操作時使用。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:22117 +#: book.translate.xml:22136 msgid "" "Swap space will be added on system startup. To add swap space immediately, " "use swapon8：" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22120 +#: book.translate.xml:22139 #, no-wrap msgid "# swapon -aL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:22126 +#: book.translate.xml:22145 msgid "" "Creating a Swap File on FreeBSD 9.X and Earlier" msgstr "建立交換檔於 FreeBSD 9.X 及先前版本" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:22131 +#: book.translate.xml:22150 msgid "Create the swap file, /usr/swap0:" msgstr "建立交換檔 /usr/swap0：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:22138 +#: book.translate.xml:22157 msgid "Set the proper permissions on /usr/swap0:" msgstr "設定適當的權限於 /usr/swap0：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:22145 +#: book.translate.xml:22164 msgid "Enable the swap file in /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟交換檔：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:22148 +#: book.translate.xml:22167 #, no-wrap msgid "swapfile=\"/usr/swap0\" # Set to name of swap file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:22152 +#: book.translate.xml:22171 msgid "" "Swap space will be added on system startup. To enable the swap file " "immediately, specify a free memory device. Refer to 取得更多有關記憶體裝置的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22157 +#: book.translate.xml:22176 #, no-wrap msgid "# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /usr/swap0 -u 0 && swapon /dev/md0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:22166 +#: book.translate.xml:22185 msgid "Power and Resource Management" msgstr "電源與資源管理" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:22169 +#: book.translate.xml:22188 msgid "" " Hiten Pandya Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:22177 book.translate.xml:22657 +#: book.translate.xml:22196 book.translate.xml:22676 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22186 +#: book.translate.xml:22205 msgid "" "It is important to utilize hardware resources in an efficient manner. Power " "and resource management allows the operating system to monitor system limits " @@ -32625,7 +32605,7 @@ "取 APM 軟體介面才能夠管理電源等級。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22205 +#: book.translate.xml:22224 msgid "" "There are four major problems in APM. First, power " "management is done by the vendor-specific BIOS, separate " @@ -32659,7 +32639,7 @@ "源管理政策或可良好適應主機用途的程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22227 +#: book.translate.xml:22246 msgid "" "The Plug and Play BIOS (PNPBIOS) was " "unreliable in many situations. PNPBIOS is 16-bit " @@ -32678,17 +32658,17 @@ "refentrytitle>4。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22237 +#: book.translate.xml:22256 msgid "ACPI" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22241 +#: book.translate.xml:22260 msgid "APM" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22245 +#: book.translate.xml:22264 msgid "" "The successor to APM is the Advanced Configuration and " "Power Interface (ACPI). ACPI is a " @@ -32705,7 +32685,7 @@ "Management) 關鍵的要素，提供了作業系統更多的控制方式與彈性。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22254 +#: book.translate.xml:22273 msgid "" "This chapter demonstrates how to configure ACPI on " "FreeBSD. It then offers some tips on how to debug ACPI " @@ -32717,12 +32697,12 @@ "人員能夠診斷並修正 ACPI 的問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22261 +#: book.translate.xml:22280 msgid "Configuring ACPI" msgstr "設定 ACPI" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22263 +#: book.translate.xml:22282 msgid "" "In FreeBSD the acpi4 driver is loaded by " @@ -32743,7 +32723,7 @@ "如 中的說明。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:22275 +#: book.translate.xml:22294 msgid "" "ACPI and APM cannot coexist and should " "be used separately. The last one to load will terminate if the driver " @@ -32753,7 +32733,7 @@ "若有偵測到有另一個正在執行，要載入的後者將會中斷。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22281 +#: book.translate.xml:22300 msgid "" "ACPI can be used to put the system into a sleep mode with " "acpiconf, the flag, and a number from " @@ -32771,7 +32751,7 @@ "halt -p 一樣。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22291 +#: book.translate.xml:22310 msgid "" "Other options are available using sysctl. Refer to " "acpi48 以取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22297 +#: book.translate.xml:22316 msgid "Common Problems" msgstr "常見問題" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22299 +#: book.translate.xml:22318 msgid "ACPI" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22303 +#: book.translate.xml:22322 msgid "" "ACPI is present in all modern computers that conform to " "the ia32 (x86), ia64 (Itanium), and amd64 (AMD) " @@ -32808,7 +32788,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22315 +#: book.translate.xml:22334 msgid "" "An ACPI-compliant system has various components. The " "BIOS and chipset vendors provide various fixed tables, " @@ -32820,7 +32800,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22325 +#: book.translate.xml:22344 msgid "" "The ACPI driver must parse the fixed tables, implement an " "interpreter for the bytecode, and modify device drivers and the kernel to " @@ -32836,12 +32816,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22338 book.translate.xml:22666 book.translate.xml:22721 +#: book.translate.xml:22357 book.translate.xml:22685 book.translate.xml:22740 msgid "ACPI problems" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22343 +#: book.translate.xml:22362 msgid "" "For ACPI to work correctly, all the parts have to work " "correctly. Here are some common problems, in order of frequency of " @@ -32851,12 +32831,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22351 +#: book.translate.xml:22370 msgid "Mouse Issues" msgstr "滑鼠問題" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22353 +#: book.translate.xml:22372 msgid "" "In some cases, resuming from a suspend operation will cause the mouse to " "fail. A known work around is to add hint.psm.0.flags=\"0x3000\"ACPI has three suspend to RAM " "(STR) states, S1-S3sysctl hw.acpi to check for the suspend-related " "items. These example results are from a Thinkpad:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22379 +#: book.translate.xml:22398 #, no-wrap msgid "" "hw.acpi.supported_sleep_state: S3 S4 S5\n" @@ -32898,7 +32878,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22382 +#: book.translate.xml:22401 msgid "" "Use acpiconf -s to test S3, " "S4, and S5. An " @@ -32907,7 +32887,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22389 +#: book.translate.xml:22408 msgid "" "When testing suspend/resume, start with S1, if supported. " "This state is most likely to work since it does not require much driver " @@ -32918,7 +32898,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22398 +#: book.translate.xml:22417 msgid "" "A common problem with suspend/resume is that many device drivers do not " "save, restore, or reinitialize their firmware, registers, or device memory " @@ -32926,7 +32906,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22403 +#: book.translate.xml:22422 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl debug.bootverbose=1\n" @@ -32935,7 +32915,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22407 +#: book.translate.xml:22426 msgid "" "This test emulates the suspend/resume cycle of all device drivers without " "actually going into S3 state. In some cases, problems " @@ -32947,7 +32927,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22417 +#: book.translate.xml:22436 msgid "" "Harder cases require additional hardware, such as a serial port and cable " "for debugging through a serial console, a Firewire port and cable for using " @@ -32956,7 +32936,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22422 +#: book.translate.xml:22441 msgid "" "To help isolate the problem, unload as many drivers as possible. If it " "works, narrow down which driver is the problem by loading drivers until it " @@ -32971,7 +32951,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22438 +#: book.translate.xml:22457 msgid "" "Try loading a recent Linux " "distribution to see if suspend/resume works on the same hardware. If it " @@ -32988,7 +32968,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22450 +#: book.translate.xml:22469 msgid "" "Finally, try disabling ACPI and enabling APM instead. If suspend/resume works with APM, stick " @@ -32999,12 +32979,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22461 +#: book.translate.xml:22480 msgid "System Hangs" msgstr "系統無回應" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22463 +#: book.translate.xml:22482 msgid "" "Most system hangs are a result of lost interrupts or an interrupt storm. " "Chipsets may have problems based on boot, how the BIOS " @@ -33014,12 +32994,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22470 +#: book.translate.xml:22489 msgid "interrupt storms" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22474 +#: book.translate.xml:22493 msgid "" "Interrupt storms can be distinguished from lost interrupts by checking the " "output of vmstat -i and looking at the line that has " @@ -33031,12 +33011,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22487 +#: book.translate.xml:22506 msgid "APIC disabling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22492 +#: book.translate.xml:22511 msgid "" "When dealing with interrupt problems, try disabling APIC " "support with hint.apic.0.disabled=\"1\" in /" @@ -33044,12 +33024,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22499 +#: book.translate.xml:22518 msgid "Panics" msgstr "當機" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22501 +#: book.translate.xml:22520 msgid "" "Panics are relatively rare for ACPI and are the top " "priority to be fixed. The first step is to isolate the steps to reproduce " @@ -33062,7 +33042,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22512 +#: book.translate.xml:22531 msgid "" "Then, try to isolate the problem by booting with ACPI " "disabled. If that works, isolate the ACPI subsystem by " @@ -33072,12 +33052,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22520 +#: book.translate.xml:22539 msgid "System Powers Up After Suspend or Shutdown" msgstr "系統在待機或關機後仍開機" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22522 +#: book.translate.xml:22541 msgid "" "First, try setting hw.acpi.disable_on_poweroff=\"0\" in " "/boot/loader.conf. This keeps ACPI " @@ -33088,27 +33068,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:22533 +#: book.translate.xml:22552 msgid "BIOS Contains Buggy Bytecode" msgstr "BIOS 含有有問題的 Bytecode" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22535 book.translate.xml:22566 +#: book.translate.xml:22554 book.translate.xml:22585 msgid "" "ACPI ASL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22540 +#: book.translate.xml:22559 msgid "" "Some BIOS vendors provide incorrect or buggy bytecode. " "This is usually manifested by kernel console messages like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22544 +#: book.translate.xml:22563 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ACPI-1287: *** Error: Method execution failed [\\\\_SB_.PCI0.LPC0.FIGD._STA] \\\\\n" @@ -33116,7 +33096,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:22547 +#: book.translate.xml:22566 msgid "" "Often, these problems may be resolved by updating the BIOS to the latest revision. Most console messages are harmless, but if " @@ -33125,12 +33105,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22557 +#: book.translate.xml:22576 msgid "Overriding the Default AML" msgstr "覆蓋預設的 AML" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22559 +#: book.translate.xml:22578 msgid "" "The BIOS bytecode, known as ACPI " "Machine Language (AML), is compiled from a source " @@ -33140,7 +33120,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22571 +#: book.translate.xml:22590 msgid "" "The goal of FreeBSD is for everyone to have working ACPI " "without any user intervention. Workarounds are still being developed for " @@ -33157,7 +33137,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22586 +#: book.translate.xml:22605 msgid "" "To help identify buggy behavior and possibly fix it manually, a copy can be " "made of the system's ASL. To copy the system's " @@ -33167,13 +33147,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22594 +#: book.translate.xml:22613 #, no-wrap msgid "# acpidump -td > my.asl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22596 +#: book.translate.xml:22615 msgid "" "Some AML versions assume the user is running Windows. To override this, set hw." @@ -33184,7 +33164,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22603 +#: book.translate.xml:22622 msgid "" "Other workarounds may require my.asl to be customized. " "If this file is edited, compile the new ASL using the " @@ -33193,13 +33173,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22609 +#: book.translate.xml:22628 #, no-wrap msgid "# iasl -f my.asl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22611 +#: book.translate.xml:22630 msgid "" "Including forces creation of the AML, " "even if there are errors during compilation. Some errors, such as missing " @@ -33208,7 +33188,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22617 +#: book.translate.xml:22636 msgid "" "The default output filename for iasl is DSDT." "aml. Load this file instead of the BIOS's " @@ -33217,7 +33197,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:22623 +#: book.translate.xml:22642 #, no-wrap msgid "" "acpi_dsdt_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -33225,7 +33205,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22626 +#: book.translate.xml:22645 msgid "" "Be sure to copy DSDT.aml to /boot, " "then reboot the system. If this fixes the problem, send a " @@ -33237,31 +33217,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:22636 +#: book.translate.xml:22655 msgid "Getting and Submitting Debugging Info" msgstr "取得與回報除錯資訊" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:22639 +#: book.translate.xml:22658 msgid "" " Nate Lawson Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:22649 +#: book.translate.xml:22668 msgid "" " Peter Schultz With contributions from " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22671 +#: book.translate.xml:22690 msgid "ACPI debugging" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22676 +#: book.translate.xml:22695 msgid "" "The ACPI driver has a flexible debugging facility. A set " "of subsystems and the level of verbosity can be specified. The subsystems to " @@ -33279,7 +33259,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22692 +#: book.translate.xml:22711 msgid "" "Debugging output is not enabled by default. To enable it, add " "options ACPI_DEBUG to the custom kernel configuration " @@ -33290,13 +33270,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22700 +#: book.translate.xml:22719 #, no-wrap msgid "# cd /sys/modules/acpi/acpi && make clean && make ACPI_DEBUG=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22702 +#: book.translate.xml:22721 msgid "" "Copy the compiled acpi.ko to /boot/kernel and add the desired level and layer to /boot/loader." @@ -33306,7 +33286,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:22709 +#: book.translate.xml:22728 #, no-wrap msgid "" "debug.acpi.layer=\"ACPI_ALL_COMPONENTS ACPI_ALL_DRIVERS\"\n" @@ -33314,7 +33294,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22712 +#: book.translate.xml:22731 msgid "" "If the required information is triggered by a specific event, such as a " "suspend and then resume, do not modify /boot/loader.conffreebsd-" @@ -33335,7 +33315,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:22732 +#: book.translate.xml:22751 msgid "" "Before submitting debugging information to this mailing list, ensure the " "latest BIOS version is installed and, if available, the " @@ -33343,12 +33323,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22738 +#: book.translate.xml:22757 msgid "When submitting a problem report, include the following information:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22743 +#: book.translate.xml:22762 msgid "" "Description of the buggy behavior, including system type, model, and " "anything that causes the bug to appear. Note as accurately as possible when " @@ -33356,14 +33336,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22750 +#: book.translate.xml:22769 msgid "" "The output of dmesg after running boot -v, including any error messages generated by the bug." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22756 +#: book.translate.xml:22775 msgid "" "The dmesg output from boot -v with " "ACPI disabled, if disabling ACPI helps " @@ -33371,14 +33351,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22763 +#: book.translate.xml:22782 msgid "" "Output from sysctl hw.acpi. This lists which features the " "system offers." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22768 +#: book.translate.xml:22787 msgid "" "The URL to a pasted version of the system's ASL. Do not send the ASL " @@ -33387,13 +33367,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:22775 +#: book.translate.xml:22794 #, no-wrap msgid "# acpidump -dt > name-system.asl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22777 +#: book.translate.xml:22796 msgid "" "Substitute the login name for name and " "manufacturer/model for system. For example, use " @@ -33401,7 +33381,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22784 +#: book.translate.xml:22803 msgid "" "Most FreeBSD developers watch the FreeBSD-CURRENT mailing list, " @@ -33419,14 +33399,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22798 +#: book.translate.xml:22817 msgid "" "More information about ACPI may be found in the following " "locations:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22803 +#: book.translate.xml:22822 msgid "" "The FreeBSD ACPI Mailing List Archives (http://lists.freebsd." @@ -33434,14 +33414,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22808 +#: book.translate.xml:22827 msgid "" "The ACPI 2.0 Specification (http://acpi.info/spec.htm)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22812 +#: book.translate.xml:22831 msgid "" "acpi4, acpi_thermalbooting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22835 +#: book.translate.xml:22854 msgid "bootstrap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22837 +#: book.translate.xml:22856 msgid "" "The process of starting a computer and loading the operating system is " "referred to as the bootstrap process, or booting。這些事會發生在開機訊息的文字顏色會從亮白變成灰色之間。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22853 +#: book.translate.xml:22872 msgid "After reading this chapter, you will recognize:" msgstr "在閱讀本章之後，您會了解：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22857 +#: book.translate.xml:22876 msgid "The components of the FreeBSD bootstrap system and how they interact." msgstr "FreeBSD 開機系統的元件以及它們如何互動。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22862 +#: book.translate.xml:22881 msgid "" "The options that can be passed to the components in the FreeBSD bootstrap in " "order to control the boot process." msgstr "FreeBSD 開機程式中各元件可使用的選項，用來控制開機程序。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22867 +#: book.translate.xml:22886 msgid "How to configure a customized boot splash screen." msgstr "如何設定自訂的開機啟動畫面 (Splash screen)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22871 +#: book.translate.xml:22890 msgid "The basics of setting device hints." msgstr "設定 Device Hints 的基礎。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:22875 +#: book.translate.xml:22894 msgid "" "How to boot into single- and multi-user mode and how to properly shut down a " "FreeBSD system." msgstr "如何開機進入單人及多人模式以及如何正確關閉 FreeBSD 系統。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:22881 +#: book.translate.xml:22900 msgid "" "This chapter only describes the boot process for FreeBSD running on x86 and " "amd64 systems." msgstr "本章僅說明 FreeBSD 在 x86 及 amd64 系統上執行的開機流程。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:22887 +#: book.translate.xml:22906 msgid "FreeBSD Boot Process" msgstr "FreeBSD 開機程序" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22889 +#: book.translate.xml:22908 msgid "" "Turning on a computer and starting the operating system poses an interesting " "dilemma. By definition, the computer does not know how to do anything until " @@ -33561,7 +33541,7 @@ "統要如何啟動呢?" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22897 +#: book.translate.xml:22916 msgid "" "This problem parallels one in the book The Adventures of Baron " "Munchausen. A character had fallen part way down a manhole, and " @@ -33576,19 +33556,19 @@ "制，後來被縮短為 booting。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22905 +#: book.translate.xml:22924 msgid "BIOS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22907 +#: book.translate.xml:22926 msgid "" "Basic Input/Output SystemBIOS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22910 +#: book.translate.xml:22929 msgid "" "On x86 hardware, the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) is " "responsible for loading the operating system. The BIOS " @@ -33607,7 +33587,7 @@ "助下可以完成接下來載入作業系統的工作。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:22922 +#: book.translate.xml:22941 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides for booting from both the older MBR " "standard, and the newer GUID Partition Table (GPT). " @@ -33630,23 +33610,23 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22933 book.translate.xml:22989 +#: book.translate.xml:22952 book.translate.xml:23008 msgid "Master Boot Record (MBR)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22936 book.translate.xml:22987 +#: book.translate.xml:22955 book.translate.xml:23006 msgid "Boot Manager" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22938 +#: book.translate.xml:22957 msgid "Boot Loader" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22940 +#: book.translate.xml:22959 msgid "" "The code within the MBR is typically referred to as a " "boot manager, especially when it interacts with the " @@ -33665,7 +33645,7 @@ "class=\"registered\">Linux 發行版。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22950 +#: book.translate.xml:22969 msgid "" "If only one operating system is installed, the MBR " "searches for the first bootable (active) slice on the disk, and then runs " @@ -33680,7 +33660,7 @@ "擇要啟動的作業系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22958 +#: book.translate.xml:22977 msgid "" "The remainder of the FreeBSD bootstrap system is divided into three stages. " "The first stage knows just enough to get the computer into a specific state " @@ -33698,20 +33678,20 @@ "更有彈性的載入程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22969 +#: book.translate.xml:22988 msgid "kernel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:22970 book.translate.xml:23296 +#: book.translate.xml:22989 book.translate.xml:23315 msgid "" "init8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22972 +#: book.translate.xml:22991 msgid "" "The kernel is then started and begins to probe for devices and initialize " "them for use. Once the kernel boot process is finished, the kernel passes " @@ -33729,19 +33709,19 @@ "線網路、啟動那些被設定在開機時要啟動的程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:22981 +#: book.translate.xml:23000 msgid "" "This section describes these stages in more detail and demonstrates how to " "interact with the FreeBSD boot process." msgstr "本章節將更詳細介紹這些階段並示範如何與 FreeBSD 開機程序互動。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:22985 +#: book.translate.xml:23004 msgid "The Boot Manager" msgstr "開機管理程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22992 +#: book.translate.xml:23011 msgid "" "The boot manager code in the MBR is sometimes referred to " "as stage zero of the boot process. By default, FreeBSD " @@ -33752,7 +33732,7 @@ "application> 開機管理程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:22997 +#: book.translate.xml:23016 msgid "" "The MBR installed by the FreeBSD installer is based on " "/boot/boot0. The size and capability of " @@ -33769,12 +33749,12 @@ "application> ，則會在開機時顯示如下範例的訊息：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:23007 +#: book.translate.xml:23026 msgid "boot0 Screenshot" msgstr "boot0 螢幕截圖" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23009 +#: book.translate.xml:23028 #, no-wrap msgid "" "F1 Win\n" @@ -33784,7 +33764,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23015 +#: book.translate.xml:23034 msgid "" "Other operating systems will overwrite an existing MBR if " "they are installed after FreeBSD. If this happens, or to replace the " @@ -33796,13 +33776,13 @@ "MBR 可使用以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23021 +#: book.translate.xml:23040 #, no-wrap msgid "# fdisk -B -b /boot/boot0 device" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23023 +#: book.translate.xml:23042 msgid "" "where device is the boot disk, such as " "ad0 for the first IDE disk, " @@ -33820,12 +33800,12 @@ "refentrytitle>8。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23034 +#: book.translate.xml:23053 msgid "Stage One and Stage Two" msgstr "階段一與階段二" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23036 +#: book.translate.xml:23055 msgid "" "Conceptually, the first and second stages are part of the same program on " "the same area of the disk. Because of space constraints, they have been " @@ -33838,7 +33818,7 @@ "bsdlabel 從 /boot/boot 複製而來。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23043 +#: book.translate.xml:23062 msgid "" "These two stages are located outside file systems, in the first track of the " "boot slice, starting with the first sector. This is where " @@ -33850,7 +33830,7 @@ "式所會儲存的地方，並會尋找可以執行的程式以繼續開機程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23049 +#: book.translate.xml:23068 msgid "" "The first stage, boot1, is very simple, since it can " "only be 512 bytes in size. It knows just enough about the FreeBSD " @@ -33862,7 +33842,7 @@ "尋找並執行 boot2。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23055 +#: book.translate.xml:23074 msgid "" "Stage two, boot2, is slightly more sophisticated, and " "understands the FreeBSD file system enough to find files. It can provide a " @@ -33877,13 +33857,13 @@ "在階段二中斷，則會顯示以下的互動畫面：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:23065 +#: book.translate.xml:23084 msgid "boot2 Screenshot" msgstr "boot2 螢幕截圖" #. (itstool) path: example/screen #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23067 book.translate.xml:48264 +#: book.translate.xml:23086 book.translate.xml:48649 #, no-wrap msgid "" ">> FreeBSD/i386 BOOT\n" @@ -33892,7 +33872,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23072 +#: book.translate.xml:23091 msgid "" "To replace the installed boot1 and boot2, use bsdlabel, where disksliceIDE 磁碟的第一個切割區：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23078 +#: book.translate.xml:23097 #, no-wrap msgid "# bsdlabel -B diskslice" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:23081 +#: book.translate.xml:23100 msgid "" "If just the disk name is used, such as ad0, " "bsdlabel will create the disk in dangerously " @@ -33925,17 +33905,17 @@ "diskslice。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23092 +#: book.translate.xml:23111 msgid "Stage Three" msgstr "階段三" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23094 +#: book.translate.xml:23113 msgid "boot-loader" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23096 +#: book.translate.xml:23115 msgid "" "The loader is the final stage of the three-stage " "bootstrap process. It is located on the file system, usually as /" @@ -33945,7 +33925,7 @@ "於檔案系統之中，通常在 /boot/loader。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23101 +#: book.translate.xml:23120 msgid "" "The loader is intended as an interactive method " "for configuration, using a built-in command set, backed up by a more " @@ -33955,7 +33935,7 @@ "做為基礎的內建指令集提供一個互動的方式來做設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23106 +#: book.translate.xml:23125 msgid "" "During initialization, loader will probe for a " "console and for disks, and figure out which disk it is booting from. It will " @@ -33967,17 +33947,17 @@ "數並啟動直譯器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23112 +#: book.translate.xml:23131 msgid "loader" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23113 +#: book.translate.xml:23132 msgid "loader configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23115 +#: book.translate.xml:23134 msgid "" "The loader will then read /boot/loader." "rc, which by default reads in /boot/defaults/loader." @@ -33993,7 +33973,7 @@ "些變數來運作，讀取選擇模組與核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23124 +#: book.translate.xml:23143 msgid "" "Finally, by default, loader issues a 10 second " "wait for key presses, and boots the kernel if it is not interrupted. If " @@ -34014,17 +33994,17 @@ "citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:23135 +#: book.translate.xml:23154 msgid "Loader Built-In Commands" msgstr "載入程式內建指令" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23147 +#: book.translate.xml:23166 msgid "autoboot seconds" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23149 +#: book.translate.xml:23168 msgid "" "Proceeds to boot the kernel if not interrupted within the time span given, " "in seconds. It displays a countdown, and the default time span is 10 seconds." @@ -34033,14 +34013,14 @@ "10 秒鐘。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23156 +#: book.translate.xml:23175 msgid "" "boot -options " "kernelname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23159 +#: book.translate.xml:23178 msgid "" "Immediately proceeds to boot the kernel, with any specified options or " "kernel name. Providing a kernel name on the command-line is only applicable " @@ -34055,12 +34035,12 @@ "kernel 及 /boot/modules 底下。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23171 +#: book.translate.xml:23190 msgid "boot-conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23172 +#: book.translate.xml:23191 msgid "" "Goes through the same automatic configuration of modules based on specified " "variables, most commonly kernel. This only makes sense if " @@ -34070,12 +34050,12 @@ "只有在執行 unload 之後，尚未變更變數之前方可使用。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23180 +#: book.translate.xml:23199 msgid "help topic" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23182 +#: book.translate.xml:23201 msgid "" "Shows help messages read from /boot/loader.help. If the " "topic given is index, the list of available topics is " @@ -34085,12 +34065,12 @@ "index 則會顯示所有可用的主題。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23189 +#: book.translate.xml:23208 msgid "include filename …" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23191 +#: book.translate.xml:23210 msgid "" "Reads the specified file and interprets it line by line. An error " "immediately stops the include." @@ -34098,14 +34078,14 @@ "讀取指定的檔案並直譯每一行。若有錯誤則會立即中止 include。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23197 +#: book.translate.xml:23216 msgid "" "load -t type " "filename" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23200 +#: book.translate.xml:23219 msgid "" "Loads the kernel, kernel module, or file of the type given, with the " "specified filename. Any arguments after filename " @@ -34119,14 +34099,14 @@ "emphasis> 及 /boot/modules 底下。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23211 +#: book.translate.xml:23230 msgid "" "ls -l path" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23213 +#: book.translate.xml:23232 msgid "" "Displays a listing of files in the given path, or the root directory, if the " "path is not specified. If is specified, file sizes will " @@ -34136,12 +34116,12 @@ "l，則會連檔案大小一同顯示。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23220 +#: book.translate.xml:23239 msgid "lsdev -v" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23221 +#: book.translate.xml:23240 msgid "" "Lists all of the devices from which it may be possible to load modules. If " " is specified, more details are printed." @@ -34150,69 +34130,69 @@ "會顯示更詳細的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23227 +#: book.translate.xml:23246 msgid "lsmod -v" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23228 +#: book.translate.xml:23247 msgid "" "Displays loaded modules. If is specified, more details " "are shown." msgstr "顯示已載入的模組。若有指定 則會顯示更詳細的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23233 +#: book.translate.xml:23252 msgid "more filename" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23234 +#: book.translate.xml:23253 msgid "" "Displays the files specified, with a pause at each LINES " "displayed." msgstr "顯示指定的檔案，並於每 LINES 行顯示後會暫停。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23239 +#: book.translate.xml:23258 msgid "reboot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23240 +#: book.translate.xml:23259 msgid "Immediately reboots the system." msgstr "立即重新啟動系統。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23244 +#: book.translate.xml:23263 msgid "" "set variable, set variable=value" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23246 +#: book.translate.xml:23265 msgid "Sets the specified environment variables." msgstr "設定指定的環境變數。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23250 +#: book.translate.xml:23269 msgid "unload" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23251 +#: book.translate.xml:23270 msgid "Removes all loaded modules." msgstr "移除所有已載入的模組。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23259 book.translate.xml:23369 +#: book.translate.xml:23278 book.translate.xml:23388 msgid "single-user mode" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23257 +#: book.translate.xml:23276 msgid "" "Here are some practical examples of loader usage. To boot the usual kernel " "in single-user mode <_:indexterm-1/>:" @@ -34221,20 +34201,20 @@ "(Single-user mode<_:indexterm-1/>) 可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23262 +#: book.translate.xml:23281 #, no-wrap msgid "boot -s" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23264 +#: book.translate.xml:23283 msgid "" "To unload the usual kernel and modules and then load the previous or " "another, specified kernel:" msgstr "要卸載一般的核心與模組，然後載入先前或另一個指定的核心可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23267 +#: book.translate.xml:23286 #, no-wrap msgid "" "unload\n" @@ -34242,7 +34222,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23270 +#: book.translate.xml:23289 msgid "" "Use kernel.GENERIC to refer to the default kernel that " "comes with an installation, or kernel.old, to refer to " @@ -34254,12 +34234,12 @@ "心。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23276 +#: book.translate.xml:23295 msgid "Use the following to load the usual modules with another kernel:" msgstr "使用以下指令來使用另一個核心載入一般的模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23279 +#: book.translate.xml:23298 #, no-wrap msgid "" "unload\n" @@ -34268,28 +34248,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23283 +#: book.translate.xml:23302 msgid "To load an automated kernel configuration script:" msgstr "要載入一個已自動化的核心設置 Script 可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23285 +#: book.translate.xml:23304 #, no-wrap msgid "load -t userconfig_script /boot/kernel.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23287 +#: book.translate.xml:23306 msgid "kernel boot interaction" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23294 +#: book.translate.xml:23313 msgid "Last Stage" msgstr "最終階段" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23300 +#: book.translate.xml:23319 msgid "" "Once the kernel is loaded by either loader or by " "boot2, which bypasses loaderkernel bootflags" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:23314 +#: book.translate.xml:23333 msgid "Kernel Interaction During Boot" msgstr "開機時核心互動參數" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23327 +#: book.translate.xml:23346 msgid "" "During kernel initialization, ask for the device to mount as the root file " "system." msgstr "核心初始化時，會詢問要掛載為根檔案系統的裝置。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23332 +#: book.translate.xml:23351 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23333 +#: book.translate.xml:23352 msgid "Boot the root file system from a CDROM." msgstr "由 CDROM 做為根檔案系統開機。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23338 +#: book.translate.xml:23357 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23339 +#: book.translate.xml:23358 msgid "Boot into single-user mode." msgstr "開機進入單使用者模式。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:23344 +#: book.translate.xml:23363 msgid "Be more verbose during kernel startup." msgstr "核心啟動時提供更多詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23350 +#: book.translate.xml:23369 msgid "" "Once the kernel has finished booting, it passes control to the user process " "init8UFS file system is not, and " @@ -34379,12 +34359,12 @@ "直接解決問題，否則系統會開機進入多使用者模式。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:23367 +#: book.translate.xml:23386 msgid "Single-User Mode" msgstr "單使用者模式" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23372 +#: book.translate.xml:23391 msgid "" "A user can specify this mode by booting with or by " "setting the boot_single variable in loaderEnter, the system will enter the " "default Bourne shell. To specify a different shell, input the full path to " @@ -34413,7 +34393,7 @@ "使用其他的 Shell 則輸入該 Shell 的完整路徑。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23385 +#: book.translate.xml:23404 msgid "" "Single-user mode is usually used to repair a system that will not boot due " "to an inconsistent file system or an error in a boot configuration file. It " @@ -34428,7 +34408,7 @@ "網路功能。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23394 +#: book.translate.xml:23413 msgid "" "While single-user mode is useful for repairing a system, it poses a security " "risk unless the system is in a physically secure location. By default, any " @@ -34440,7 +34420,7 @@ "整控制權。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23400 +#: book.translate.xml:23419 msgid "" "If the system console is changed to insecure in /etc/ttys, the system will first prompt for " @@ -34456,12 +34436,12 @@ "重設密碼。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:23410 +#: book.translate.xml:23429 msgid "Configuring an Insecure Console in /etc/ttys" msgstr "在 /etc/ttys 設定不安全的 Console" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23413 +#: book.translate.xml:23432 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# name getty type status comments\n" @@ -34472,7 +34452,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23420 +#: book.translate.xml:23439 msgid "" "An insecure console means that physical security to the " "console is considered to be insecure, so only someone who knows the " @@ -34484,17 +34464,17 @@ "systemitem> 密碼的人可以使用單使用者模式。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:23427 +#: book.translate.xml:23446 msgid "Multi-User Mode" msgstr "多使用者模式" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23429 +#: book.translate.xml:23448 msgid "multi-user mode" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23431 +#: book.translate.xml:23450 msgid "" "If init finds the file systems to be in order, or " "once the user has finished their commands in single-user mode and has typed " @@ -34506,12 +34486,12 @@ "模式，在這個模式便會開始系統的資源設置。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23438 +#: book.translate.xml:23457 msgid "rc files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23440 +#: book.translate.xml:23459 msgid "" "The resource configuration system reads in configuration defaults from " "/etc/defaults/rc.conf and system-specific details from " @@ -34527,7 +34507,7 @@ "Script。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:23449 +#: book.translate.xml:23468 msgid "" "To learn more about the resource configuration system, refer to " "rc8/etc/rc.d 的 Script。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:23464 +#: book.translate.xml:23483 msgid "Configuring Boot Time Splash Screens" msgstr "設定開機啟動畫面" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:23467 book.translate.xml:57702 +#: book.translate.xml:23486 book.translate.xml:58085 msgid "" " Joseph J. Barbish Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23477 +#: book.translate.xml:23496 msgid "" "Typically when a FreeBSD system boots, it displays its progress as a series " "of messages at the console. A boot splash screen creates an alternate boot " @@ -34568,7 +34548,7 @@ "示中的啟動畫面。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23487 +#: book.translate.xml:23506 msgid "" "There are two basic environments available in FreeBSD. The first is the " "default legacy virtual console command line environment. After the system " @@ -34583,7 +34563,7 @@ "程式與圖型化登入管理程式的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23495 +#: book.translate.xml:23514 msgid "" "Once the system has booted, the splash screen defaults to being a screen " "saver. After a time period of non-use, the splash screen will display and " @@ -34605,7 +34585,7 @@ "Console，對圖型化顯示管理程式並不會有任何影響。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23506 +#: book.translate.xml:23525 msgid "" "Sample splash screen files can be downloaded from the gallery at http://artwork.freebsdgr.org." "bmp), ZSoft PCX (.pcx), " @@ -34643,7 +34623,7 @@ "替換 splash.bmp 為實際要使用的點陣圖檔：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23527 +#: book.translate.xml:23546 #, no-wrap msgid "" "splash_bmp_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -34652,12 +34632,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23531 +#: book.translate.xml:23550 msgid "To use a PCX file instead of a bitmap file:" msgstr "要使用 PCX 檔則可替換點陣圖檔：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23534 +#: book.translate.xml:23553 #, no-wrap msgid "" "splash_pcx_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -34666,7 +34646,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23538 +#: book.translate.xml:23557 msgid "" "To instead use ASCII art in the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheDraw format:" @@ -34675,7 +34655,7 @@ "\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheDraw 格式的 ASCII 圖可：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23541 +#: book.translate.xml:23560 #, no-wrap msgid "" "splash_txt=\"YES\"\n" @@ -34684,7 +34664,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23545 +#: book.translate.xml:23564 msgid "" "To use larger images that fill the whole display screen, up to the maximum " "resolution of 1024 by 768 pixels, the VESA module must " @@ -34701,23 +34681,23 @@ "filename> 上述例子中提到的三行之前加入下行：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:23555 +#: book.translate.xml:23574 #, no-wrap msgid "vesa_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23557 +#: book.translate.xml:23576 msgid "Other interesting loader.conf options include:" msgstr "其他有用的 loader.conf 選項還有：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:23561 +#: book.translate.xml:23580 msgid "beastie_disable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23564 +#: book.translate.xml:23583 msgid "" "This will stop the boot options menu from being displayed, but the timed " "wait count down prompt will still be present. Even with the display of the " @@ -34728,12 +34708,12 @@ "在倒數計時提示時輸入選擇的選項還是會啟動對應的開機選項。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:23573 +#: book.translate.xml:23592 msgid "loader_logo=\"beastie\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23576 +#: book.translate.xml:23595 msgid "" "This will replace the default words FreeBSD, which are " "displayed to the right of the boot options menu, with the colored beastie " @@ -34743,7 +34723,7 @@ "FreeBSD 文字，" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23584 +#: book.translate.xml:23603 msgid "" "For more information, refer to splash4, " @@ -34758,17 +34738,17 @@ "refentrytitle>4。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:23590 +#: book.translate.xml:23609 msgid "Device Hints" msgstr "裝置提示" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23603 +#: book.translate.xml:23622 msgid "device.hints" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23607 +#: book.translate.xml:23626 msgid "" "During initial system startup, the boot loader8 reads 會傳送給裝置驅動程式做裝置的設置使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23613 +#: book.translate.xml:23632 msgid "" "Device hints may also be specified at the Stage 3 boot loader prompt, as " "demonstrated in . Variables can be added " @@ -34802,7 +34782,7 @@ "置提示並不是永久有效的，在下一次重新開機久後便會失效。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23622 +#: book.translate.xml:23641 msgid "" "Once the system is booted, kenv1 can be used to dump " @@ -34812,7 +34792,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1 來列出所有的變數。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23625 +#: book.translate.xml:23644 msgid "" "The syntax for /boot/device.hints is one variable per " "line, using the hash # as comment markers. Lines are " @@ -34822,24 +34802,24 @@ "# 做為註解符號，每一行的結構如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23630 +#: book.translate.xml:23649 #, no-wrap msgid "hint.driver.unit.keyword=\"value\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23632 +#: book.translate.xml:23651 msgid "The syntax for the Stage 3 boot loader is:" msgstr "在階段 3 開機載入程式的語法則為：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23634 +#: book.translate.xml:23653 #, no-wrap msgid "set hint.driver.unit.keyword=value" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23636 +#: book.translate.xml:23655 msgid "" "where driver is the device driver name, unit is the device driver unit number, and keyword is " @@ -34850,13 +34830,13 @@ "選項所組成：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23643 +#: book.translate.xml:23662 msgid "" "at: specifies the bus which the device is attached to." msgstr "at: 指定裝置所連結的匯流排 (Bus)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23648 +#: book.translate.xml:23667 msgid "" "port: specifies the start address of the I/O to be used." @@ -34864,30 +34844,30 @@ "port: 指定要使用的 I/O 開始位置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23653 +#: book.translate.xml:23672 msgid "" "irq: specifies the interrupt request number to be used." msgstr "irq: 指定要使用的中斷請求編號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23658 +#: book.translate.xml:23677 msgid "drq: specifies the DMA channel number." msgstr "drq: 指定 DMA 頻道編號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23663 +#: book.translate.xml:23682 msgid "" "maddr: specifies the physical memory address occupied by " "the device." msgstr "maddr: 指定裝置所使用的實體記憶體位置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23668 +#: book.translate.xml:23687 msgid "flags: sets various flag bits for the device." msgstr "flags: 設定提供給裝置的各種旗標位元。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23673 +#: book.translate.xml:23692 msgid "" "disabled: if set to 1 the device is " "disabled." @@ -34895,7 +34875,7 @@ "disabled: 若設為 1 則可關閉該裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23678 +#: book.translate.xml:23697 msgid "" "Since device drivers may accept or require more hints not listed here, " "viewing a driver's manual page is recommended. For more information, refer " @@ -34917,19 +34897,19 @@ "refentrytitle>8。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:23685 +#: book.translate.xml:23704 msgid "Shutdown Sequence" msgstr "關機程序" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23687 +#: book.translate.xml:23706 msgid "" "shutdown8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23691 +#: book.translate.xml:23710 msgid "" "Upon controlled shutdown using shutdown8, " @@ -34946,7 +34926,7 @@ "的程序，然後傳送 KILL 信號給未在時間內中止的程序。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23698 +#: book.translate.xml:23717 msgid "" "To power down a FreeBSD machine on architectures and systems that support " "power management, use shutdown -p now to turn the power " @@ -34974,13 +34954,13 @@ "manvolnum> 的操作手冊來取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23710 +#: book.translate.xml:23729 msgid "" "Modify group membership by referring to ." msgstr "要修改群組成員可參考 。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:23714 +#: book.translate.xml:23733 msgid "" "Power management requires acpi4 to be loaded as a " @@ -34992,24 +34972,24 @@ #. (itstool) path: info/title #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:23729 book.translate.xml:56266 +#: book.translate.xml:23748 book.translate.xml:56649 msgid "Security" msgstr "安全性" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:23732 +#: book.translate.xml:23751 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes Rewritten by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:23742 +#: book.translate.xml:23761 msgid "security" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23747 +#: book.translate.xml:23766 msgid "" "Security, whether physical or virtual, is a topic so broad that an entire " "industry has evolved around it. Hundreds of standard practices have been " @@ -35020,7 +35000,7 @@ "來搛寫如何確保系統與網路的安全性。身為 FreeBSD 必須了解如何避免攻擊與入侵。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23753 +#: book.translate.xml:23772 msgid "" "In this chapter, several fundamentals and techniques will be discussed. The " "FreeBSD system comes with multiple layers of security, and many more third " @@ -35030,22 +35010,22 @@ "方工具可以用來增加安全性。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23762 +#: book.translate.xml:23781 msgid "Basic FreeBSD system security concepts." msgstr "基礎 FreeBSD 系統安全概念。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23766 +#: book.translate.xml:23785 msgid "The various crypt mechanisms available in FreeBSD." msgstr "FreeBSD 中的幾種加密 (Crypt) 機制。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23770 +#: book.translate.xml:23789 msgid "How to set up one-time password authentication." msgstr "如何設定一次性密碼認證。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23774 +#: book.translate.xml:23793 msgid "" "How to configure TCP Wrapper for use with " "inetd8 中的 TCP Wrapper。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23779 +#: book.translate.xml:23798 msgid "How to set up Kerberos on FreeBSD." msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 設定 Kerberos。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23784 +#: book.translate.xml:23803 msgid "" "How to configure IPsec and create a VPN." msgstr "如何設定 IPsec 並且建立 VPN。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23789 +#: book.translate.xml:23808 msgid "How to configure and use OpenSSH on FreeBSD." msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 設定並使用 OpenSSH" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23794 +#: book.translate.xml:23813 msgid "How to use file system ACLs." msgstr "如何使用檔案系統 ACL。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23798 +#: book.translate.xml:23817 msgid "" "How to use pkg to audit third party software " "packages installed from the Ports Collection." @@ -35086,29 +35066,29 @@ "套件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23804 +#: book.translate.xml:23823 msgid "How to utilize FreeBSD security advisories." msgstr "如何利用 FreeBSD 安全報告。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23808 +#: book.translate.xml:23827 msgid "What Process Accounting is and how to enable it on FreeBSD." msgstr "什麼是程序追蹤 (Process Accounting) 以及如何在 FreeBSD 開啟。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23813 +#: book.translate.xml:23832 msgid "" "How to control user resources using login classes or the resource limits " "database." msgstr "如何使用登入類別或資源限制資料庫控制使用者資源。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:23822 book.translate.xml:57818 +#: book.translate.xml:23841 book.translate.xml:58201 msgid "Understand basic FreeBSD and Internet concepts." msgstr "了解 FreeBSD 基礎及網路概念。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23826 +#: book.translate.xml:23845 msgid "" "Additional security topics are covered elsewhere in this Handbook. For " "example, Mandatory Access Control is discussed in " @@ -35119,7 +35099,7 @@ "linkend=\"firewalls\"/> 討論。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23835 +#: book.translate.xml:23854 msgid "" "Security is everyone's responsibility. A weak entry point in any system " "could allow intruders to gain access to critical information and cause havoc " @@ -35133,7 +35113,7 @@ "(Availability)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23843 +#: book.translate.xml:23862 msgid "" "The CIA triad is a bedrock concept of computer security " "as customers and users expect their data to be protected. For example, a " @@ -35148,7 +35128,7 @@ "訊 (可用性)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23851 +#: book.translate.xml:23870 msgid "" "To provide CIA, security professionals apply a defense in " "depth strategy. The idea of defense in depth is to add several layers of " @@ -35166,7 +35146,7 @@ "脅。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23862 +#: book.translate.xml:23881 msgid "" "What is a threat as it pertains to computer security? Threats are not " "limited to remote attackers who attempt to access a system without " @@ -35179,7 +35159,7 @@ "公司競爭對手。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23869 +#: book.translate.xml:23888 msgid "" "Systems and networks can be accessed without permission, sometimes by " "accident, or by remote attackers, and in some cases, via corporate espionage " @@ -35194,7 +35174,7 @@ "備在發生時能夠減緩威脅。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23877 +#: book.translate.xml:23896 msgid "" "When applying security to systems, it is recommended to start by securing " "the basic accounts and system configuration, and then to secure the network " @@ -35213,7 +35193,7 @@ "有疑慮時，請向安全團隊諮詢。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:23889 +#: book.translate.xml:23908 msgid "" "The rest of this introduction describes how some of these basic security " "configurations are performed on a FreeBSD system. The rest of this chapter " @@ -35224,12 +35204,12 @@ "的部份將介紹在 FreeBSD 系統執行安全性政策時會用到的特定工具。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23896 +#: book.translate.xml:23915 msgid "Preventing Logins" msgstr "防止登入" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23898 +#: book.translate.xml:23917 msgid "" "In securing a system, a good starting point is an audit of accounts. Ensure " "that root has a strong password " @@ -35241,7 +35221,7 @@ "方使用過，然後關閉任何無須登入存取權的帳號。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23903 +#: book.translate.xml:23922 msgid "" "To deny login access to accounts, two methods exist. The first is to lock " "the account. This example locks the toortoor 帳號：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23907 +#: book.translate.xml:23926 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw lock toor" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23909 +#: book.translate.xml:23928 msgid "" "The second method is to prevent login access by changing the shell to " "/sbin/nologin. Only the superuser can change the shell " @@ -35267,13 +35247,13 @@ "filename>，只有超級使用者可以更改其他使用者的 Shell：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23913 +#: book.translate.xml:23932 #, no-wrap msgid "# chsh -s /usr/sbin/nologin toor" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23915 +#: book.translate.xml:23934 msgid "" "The /usr/sbin/nologin shell prevents the system from " "assigning a shell to the user when they attempt to login." @@ -35282,12 +35262,12 @@ "入的使用者。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23921 +#: book.translate.xml:23940 msgid "Permitted Account Escalation" msgstr "帳號升級授權" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23923 +#: book.translate.xml:23942 msgid "" "In some cases, system administration needs to be shared with other users. " "FreeBSD has two methods to handle this. The first one, which is not " @@ -35311,7 +35291,7 @@ "項目的最後，使用者必須以逗號字元分隔並不可有空白。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23937 +#: book.translate.xml:23956 msgid "" "The second, and recommended, method to permit privilege escalation is to " "install the security/sudo package or port. This software " @@ -35323,7 +35303,7 @@ "定使用者只能執行特定需權限的指令。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23944 +#: book.translate.xml:23963 msgid "" "After installation, use visudo to edit /usr/" "local/etc/sudoers. This example creates a new apache24 的存取權：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:23951 +#: book.translate.xml:23970 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# pw groupadd webadmin -M trhodes -g 6000\n" @@ -35347,12 +35327,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:23957 +#: book.translate.xml:23976 msgid "Password Hashes" msgstr "密碼編碼方式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23959 +#: book.translate.xml:23978 msgid "" "Passwords are a necessary evil of technology. When they must be used, they " "should be complex and a powerful hash mechanism should be used to encrypt " @@ -35371,7 +35351,7 @@ "Blowfish 演算法。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:23971 +#: book.translate.xml:23990 msgid "" "Blowfish is not part of AES and is not considered " "compliant with any Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS# grep dru /etc/master.passwd\n" @@ -35415,7 +35395,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:23996 +#: book.translate.xml:24015 msgid "" "The hash mechanism is set in the user's login class. For this example, the " "user is in the default login class and the hash algorithm " @@ -35426,25 +35406,25 @@ "etc/login.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24001 +#: book.translate.xml:24020 #, no-wrap msgid " :passwd_format=sha512:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24003 +#: book.translate.xml:24022 msgid "" "To change the algorithm to Blowfish, modify that line to look like this:" msgstr "要更改演算法為 Blowfish，可修改該行如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24006 +#: book.translate.xml:24025 #, no-wrap msgid " :passwd_format=blf:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24008 +#: book.translate.xml:24027 msgid "" "Then run cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf as described in . Note that this change will not affect any " @@ -35458,7 +35438,7 @@ "密碼才有辦法重新加密所有密碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24015 +#: book.translate.xml:24034 msgid "" "For remote logins, two-factor authentication should be used. An example of " "two-factor authentication is something you have, such as a " @@ -35479,12 +35459,12 @@ " 中會有說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24029 +#: book.translate.xml:24048 msgid "Password Policy Enforcement" msgstr "強制密碼政策" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24031 +#: book.translate.xml:24050 msgid "" "Enforcing a strong password policy for local accounts is a fundamental " "aspect of system security. In FreeBSD, password length, password strength, " @@ -35496,7 +35476,7 @@ "Modules, PAM) 來執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24037 +#: book.translate.xml:24056 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to configure the minimum and maximum password " "length and the enforcement of mixed characters using the " @@ -35507,7 +35487,7 @@ "filename> 來強制使用混合字元的密碼，此模組可在使用者更改其密碼時強制要求。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24043 +#: book.translate.xml:24062 msgid "" "To configure this module, become the superuser and uncomment the line " "containing pam_passwdqc.so in /etc/pam.d/" @@ -35518,13 +35498,13 @@ "行來配合密碼政策：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24049 +#: book.translate.xml:24068 #, no-wrap msgid "password requisite pam_passwdqc.so min=disabled,disabled,disabled,12,10 similar=deny retry=3 enforce=users" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24051 +#: book.translate.xml:24070 msgid "" "This example sets several requirements for new passwords. The min setting controls the minimum password length. It has five values " @@ -35551,7 +35531,7 @@ "literal> 設定密碼政策接受滿足四種字元類型複雜度且至少 10 個字元的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24068 +#: book.translate.xml:24087 msgid "" "The similar setting denies passwords that are similar to " "the user's previous password. The retry setting provides " @@ -35561,14 +35541,14 @@ "retry 設定會提供使用者三次輸入新密碼的機會。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24073 +#: book.translate.xml:24092 msgid "" "Once this file is saved, a user changing their password will see a message " "similar to the following:" msgstr "一這個檔案儲存之後，更改密碼的使用者將會看到如下的訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24076 +#: book.translate.xml:24095 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% passwd\n" @@ -35588,7 +35568,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24091 +#: book.translate.xml:24110 msgid "" "If a password that does not match the policy is entered, it will be rejected " "with a warning and the user will have an opportunity to try again, up to the " @@ -35598,7 +35578,7 @@ "重試，直到超過設定的允許重試次數。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24096 +#: book.translate.xml:24115 msgid "" "Most password policies require passwords to expire after so many days. To " "set a password age time in FreeBSD, set for " @@ -35611,13 +35591,13 @@ "範例：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24103 +#: book.translate.xml:24122 #, no-wrap msgid "# :passwordtime=90d:\\" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24105 +#: book.translate.xml:24124 msgid "" "So, to set an expiry of 90 days for this login class, remove the comment " "symbol (#), save the edit, and run cap_mkdb /etc/" @@ -35628,7 +35608,7 @@ "command>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24110 +#: book.translate.xml:24129 msgid "" "To set the expiration on individual users, pass an expiration date or the " "number of days to expiry and a username to pw:" @@ -35637,13 +35617,13 @@ "pw：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24114 +#: book.translate.xml:24133 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw usermod -p 30-apr-2015 -n trhodes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24116 +#: book.translate.xml:24135 msgid "" "As seen here, an expiration date is set in the form of day, month, and year. " "For more information, see pw。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24122 +#: book.translate.xml:24141 msgid "Detecting Rootkits" msgstr "偵測 Root 工具 (Rootkit)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24124 +#: book.translate.xml:24143 msgid "" "A rootkit is any unauthorized software that attempts " "to gain root access to a system. " @@ -35677,19 +35657,19 @@ "程式也可能會遺漏攻擊者留下的動西。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24134 +#: book.translate.xml:24153 msgid "" -"A rootkit does do one thing usefulfor administrators: once detected, it is a " -"sign that a compromise happened at some point. But, these types of " +"A rootkit does do one thing useful for administrators: once detected, it is " +"a sign that a compromise happened at some point. But, these types of " "applications tend to be very well hidden. This section demonstrates a tool " "that can be used to detect rootkits, security/rkhunter." msgstr "" -"rootkit 所做過的事可提供管理者一個非常有用的資訊：一但偵測到，便代表某處已經" -"被滲透，但這類的應用程式躲藏的非常好，本節將會示範一個可以用來偵測 rootkit 的" -"工具，security/rkhunter。" +"rootkit 對管理者而言唯一有幫助的是：一但偵測到，便代表某處已經被滲透，但這類" +"型的應用程式躲藏的非常好，本節將會示範一個可以用來偵測 rootkit 的工具，" +"security/rkhunter。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24140 +#: book.translate.xml:24159 msgid "" "After installation of this package or port, the system may be checked using " "the following command. It will produce a lot of information and will require " @@ -35699,13 +35679,13 @@ "手動按下 ENTER 確認：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24145 +#: book.translate.xml:24164 #, no-wrap msgid "# rkhunter -c" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24147 +#: book.translate.xml:24166 msgid "" "After the process completes, a status message will be printed to the screen. " "This message will include the amount of files checked, suspect files, " @@ -35722,7 +35702,7 @@ "理。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24157 +#: book.translate.xml:24176 msgid "" "Every administrator should know what is running on the systems they are " "responsible for. Third-party tools like rkhunter " @@ -35739,12 +35719,12 @@ "雖然理想要避免滲透，但也必須偵測是否已被滲透了。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24169 +#: book.translate.xml:24188 msgid "Binary Verification" msgstr "Binary 檢驗" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24171 +#: book.translate.xml:24190 msgid "" "Verification of system files and binaries is important because it provides " "the system administration and security teams information about system " @@ -35756,7 +35736,7 @@ "Detection System, IDS)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24177 +#: book.translate.xml:24196 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides native support for a basic IDS system. " "While the nightly security emails will notify an administrator of changes, " @@ -35774,7 +35754,7 @@ "acronym> 磁碟或遠端 rsync 伺服器更好。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24188 +#: book.translate.xml:24207 msgid "" "The built-in mtree utility can be used to generate a " "specification of the contents of a directory. A seed, or a numeric constant, " @@ -35798,7 +35778,7 @@ "bin_chksum_mtree：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24201 +#: book.translate.xml:24220 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mtree -s 3483151339707503 -c -K cksum,sha256digest -p /bin > /root/.bin_chksum_mtree\n" @@ -35806,7 +35786,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24204 +#: book.translate.xml:24223 msgid "" "The 3483151339707503 represents the seed. This " "value should be remembered, but not shared." @@ -35815,7 +35795,7 @@ "不可給其它人看。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24208 +#: book.translate.xml:24227 msgid "" "Viewing /root/.bin_cksum_mtree should yield output " "similar to the following:" @@ -35823,7 +35803,7 @@ "檢視 /root/.bin_cksum_mtree 應會產生類似以下的輸出結果：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24211 +#: book.translate.xml:24230 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# user: root\n" @@ -35849,7 +35829,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24232 +#: book.translate.xml:24251 msgid "" "The machine's hostname, the date and time the specification was created, and " "the name of the user who created the specification are included in this " @@ -35861,7 +35841,7 @@ "SHA256 編碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24238 +#: book.translate.xml:24257 msgid "" "To verify that the binary signatures have not changed, compare the current " "contents of the directory to the previously generated specification, and " @@ -35872,7 +35852,7 @@ "然後儲存結果到檔案。這個指令需要當初產生原規格檔所使用的種子碼：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24244 +#: book.translate.xml:24263 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mtree -s 3483151339707503 -p /bin < /root/.bin_chksum_mtree >> /root/.bin_chksum_output\n" @@ -35880,7 +35860,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24247 +#: book.translate.xml:24266 msgid "" "This should produce the same checksum for /bin that was " "produced when the specification was created. If no changes have occurred to " @@ -35896,7 +35876,7 @@ "的日期然後再執行檢驗指令一次：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24256 +#: book.translate.xml:24275 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# touch /bin/cat\n" @@ -35907,7 +35887,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24262 +#: book.translate.xml:24281 msgid "" "It is recommended to create specifications for the directories which contain " "binaries and configuration files, as well as any directories containing " @@ -35923,7 +35903,7 @@ "建立規格檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24272 +#: book.translate.xml:24291 msgid "" "More advanced IDS systems exist, such as " "security/aide. In most cases, mtree " @@ -35940,12 +35920,12 @@ "refentrytitle>8 找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24282 +#: book.translate.xml:24301 msgid "System Tuning for Security" msgstr "系統安全性調校" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24284 +#: book.translate.xml:24303 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, many system features can be tuned using sysctl. A few of the security features which can be tuned to prevent " @@ -35961,7 +35941,7 @@ "到。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:24294 +#: book.translate.xml:24313 msgid "" "Any time a setting is changed with sysctl, the chance to " "cause undesired harm is increased, affecting the availability of the system. " @@ -35973,7 +35953,7 @@ "能的話，先在測試系統上實驗，再到上線的系統上使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24302 +#: book.translate.xml:24321 msgid "" "By default, the FreeBSD kernel boots with a security level of -1. This is called insecure mode because immutable file " @@ -36002,7 +35982,7 @@ "可用的安全性層級相關的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:24318 +#: book.translate.xml:24337 msgid "" "Increasing the securelevel can break Xorg and cause other issues. Be prepared to do some debugging." @@ -36011,7 +35991,7 @@ "法執行以及造成其他問題，請做好除錯的準備。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24323 +#: book.translate.xml:24342 msgid "" "The net.inet.tcp.blackhole and net.inet.udp." "blackhole settings can be used to drop incoming SYN 以取得更多有關這些設定的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24337 +#: book.translate.xml:24356 msgid "" "The net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect and net.inet.ip." "redirect settings help prevent against redirect " @@ -36055,7 +36035,7 @@ "封包。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24348 +#: book.translate.xml:24367 msgid "" "Source routing is a method for detecting and accessing non-routable " "addresses on the internal network. This should be disabled as non-routable " @@ -36069,7 +36049,7 @@ "accept_sourceroute 為 0。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24356 +#: book.translate.xml:24375 msgid "" "When a machine on the network needs to send messages to all hosts on a " "subnet, an ICMP echo request message is sent to the " @@ -36083,7 +36063,7 @@ "bmcastecho 為 0。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24364 +#: book.translate.xml:24383 msgid "" "Some additional settings are documented in " "security77 有說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:24370 +#: book.translate.xml:24389 msgid "One-time Passwords" msgstr "一次性密碼" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24372 +#: book.translate.xml:24391 msgid "one-time passwords" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24373 +#: book.translate.xml:24392 msgid "security one-time passwords" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24378 +#: book.translate.xml:24397 msgid "" "By default, FreeBSD includes support for One-time Passwords In Everything " "(OPIE). OPIE is designed to prevent " @@ -36128,7 +36108,7 @@ "上預設採用 MD5 加密。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24389 +#: book.translate.xml:24408 msgid "" "OPIE uses three different types of passwords. The first " "is the usual UNIX or Kerberos " @@ -36145,7 +36125,7 @@ "\"registered\">UNIX 密碼無關且不應相同。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24397 +#: book.translate.xml:24416 msgid "" "There are two other pieces of data that are important to OPIE. One is the seed or key, consisting " @@ -36175,7 +36155,7 @@ "literal> 時，OPIE 便要重新初始化。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24416 +#: book.translate.xml:24435 msgid "" "There are a few programs involved in this process. A one-time password, or a " "consecutive list of one-time passwords, is generated by passing an iteration " @@ -36201,7 +36181,7 @@ "manvolnum>。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24426 +#: book.translate.xml:24445 msgid "" "This section describes four different sorts of operations. The first is how " "to set up one-time-passwords for the first time over a secure connection. " @@ -36216,19 +36196,19 @@ "所使的金鑰。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24435 +#: book.translate.xml:24454 msgid "Initializing OPIE" msgstr "初始化 OPIE" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24437 +#: book.translate.xml:24456 msgid "" "To initialize OPIE for the first time, run this command " "from a secure location:" msgstr "第一次要初始化 OPIE，要在安全的場所執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24440 +#: book.translate.xml:24459 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% opiepasswd -c\n" @@ -36245,7 +36225,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24452 +#: book.translate.xml:24471 msgid "" "The sets console mode which assumes that the command is " "being run from a secure location, such as a computer under the user's " @@ -36257,7 +36237,7 @@ "電腦。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24458 +#: book.translate.xml:24477 msgid "" "When prompted, enter the secret password which will be used to generate the " "one-time login keys. This password should be difficult to guess and should " @@ -36270,7 +36250,7 @@ "之間，然後請記住這個密碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24465 +#: book.translate.xml:24484 msgid "" "The ID line lists the login name (unfurl), default iteration count (499), and default " @@ -36287,12 +36267,12 @@ "一次登入時便要使用這個一次性密碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24477 +#: book.translate.xml:24496 msgid "Insecure Connection Initialization" msgstr "在不安全連線下做初始化" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24479 +#: book.translate.xml:24498 msgid "" "To initialize or change the secret password on an insecure system, a secure " "connection is needed to some place where opiekey can be " @@ -36309,7 +36289,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24488 +#: book.translate.xml:24507 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% opiepasswd\n" @@ -36328,7 +36308,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24502 +#: book.translate.xml:24521 msgid "" "To accept the default seed, press Return. Before entering " "an access password, move over to the secure connection and give it the same " @@ -36338,7 +36318,7 @@ "應之前移到安全的連線然後給予相同的加密參數產生密碼：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24506 book.translate.xml:24554 +#: book.translate.xml:24525 book.translate.xml:24573 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% opiekey 498 to4268\n" @@ -36349,26 +36329,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24512 +#: book.translate.xml:24531 msgid "" "Switch back over to the insecure connection, and copy the generated one-time " "password over to the relevant program." msgstr "切換回不安全的連線，然後複製產生的一次性密碼貼上。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24518 +#: book.translate.xml:24537 msgid "Generating a Single One-time Password" msgstr "產生單組一次性密碼" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24520 +#: book.translate.xml:24539 msgid "" "After initializing OPIE and logging in, a prompt like " "this will be displayed:" msgstr "在初始化 OPIE 之後進行登入會顯示如下的提示訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24523 +#: book.translate.xml:24542 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% telnet example.com\n" @@ -36384,7 +36364,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24534 +#: book.translate.xml:24553 msgid "" "The OPIE prompts provides a useful feature. If " "Return is pressed at the password prompt, the prompt will " @@ -36396,22 +36376,22 @@ "輸入列印出來的密碼時很有用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24540 +#: book.translate.xml:24559 msgid "MS-DOS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24541 +#: book.translate.xml:24560 msgid "Windows" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24542 +#: book.translate.xml:24561 msgid "MacOS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24544 +#: book.translate.xml:24563 msgid "" "At this point, generate the one-time password to answer this login prompt. " "This must be done on a trusted system where it is safe to run " @@ -36430,22 +36410,22 @@ "下在要登入主機在登入時所提示的訊息。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24552 +#: book.translate.xml:24571 msgid "On the trusted system:" msgstr "在信任的系統上執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24560 +#: book.translate.xml:24579 msgid "Once the one-time password is generated, continue to log in." msgstr "在產生一次性密碼後，回到登入畫面繼續登入。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24565 +#: book.translate.xml:24584 msgid "Generating Multiple One-time Passwords" msgstr "產生多組一次性密碼" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24567 +#: book.translate.xml:24586 msgid "" "Sometimes there is no access to a trusted machine or secure connection. In " "this case, it is possible to use opiekey 來預先產生多個一次性密碼，例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24572 +#: book.translate.xml:24591 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% opiekey -n 5 30 zz99999\n" @@ -36472,7 +36452,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24582 +#: book.translate.xml:24601 msgid "" "The requests five keys in sequence, and , where daemon is the daemon which " @@ -36638,7 +36618,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24683 +#: book.translate.xml:24702 msgid "" "For example, to allow POP3 connections via the " "mail/qpopper daemon, the following lines should be " @@ -36646,7 +36626,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24688 +#: book.translate.xml:24707 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# This line is required for POP3 connections:\n" @@ -36654,23 +36634,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24691 +#: book.translate.xml:24710 msgid "Whenever this file is edited, restart inetd:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24694 book.translate.xml:34485 +#: book.translate.xml:24713 book.translate.xml:34504 #, no-wrap msgid "# service inetd restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24698 book.translate.xml:49083 +#: book.translate.xml:24717 book.translate.xml:49468 msgid "Advanced Configuration" msgstr "進階設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24700 +#: book.translate.xml:24719 msgid "" "TCP Wrapper provides advanced options to allow " "more control over the way connections are handled. In some cases, it may be " @@ -36683,7 +36663,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24710 +#: book.translate.xml:24729 msgid "" "Suppose that a situation occurs where a connection should be denied yet a " "reason should be sent to the host who attempted to establish that " @@ -36693,7 +36673,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24718 +#: book.translate.xml:24737 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# The rest of the daemons are protected.\n" @@ -36703,7 +36683,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24723 +#: book.translate.xml:24742 msgid "" "In this example, the message You are not allowed to use " "daemon name from hostnamespawn. Like implicitly denies the connection and may be " @@ -36733,7 +36713,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24747 +#: book.translate.xml:24766 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# We do not allow connections from example.com:\n" @@ -36744,7 +36724,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24753 +#: book.translate.xml:24772 msgid "" "This will deny all connection attempts from *.example.com and log the hostname, IP " @@ -36756,7 +36736,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24761 +#: book.translate.xml:24780 msgid "" "To match every instance of a daemon, domain, or IP " "address, use ALL. Another wildcard is PARANOIDPARANOID wildcard will result in denied " "connections if the client or server has a broken DNS " @@ -36784,7 +36764,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24780 +#: book.translate.xml:24799 msgid "" "To learn more about wildcards and their associated functionality, refer to " "hosts_access5hosts.allow." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:24793 +#: book.translate.xml:24812 msgid "Kerberos" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:24796 +#: book.translate.xml:24815 msgid "" " Tillman Hodgson Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:24806 +#: book.translate.xml:24825 msgid "" " Mark Murray Based on a contribution by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24816 +#: book.translate.xml:24835 msgid "" "Kerberos is a network authentication protocol " "which was originally created by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology " @@ -36833,7 +36813,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24830 +#: book.translate.xml:24849 msgid "" "The only function of Kerberos is to provide the " "secure authentication of users and servers on the network. It does not " @@ -36843,7 +36823,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24837 +#: book.translate.xml:24856 msgid "" "The current version of the protocol is version 5, described in RFC 4120. Several free implementations of this protocol are available, " @@ -36862,7 +36842,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24856 +#: book.translate.xml:24875 msgid "" "In Kerberos users and services are identified as " "principals which are contained within an administrative " @@ -36872,35 +36852,35 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24864 +#: book.translate.xml:24883 msgid "" "This section provides a guide on how to set up Kerberos using the Heimdal distribution included in FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:24868 +#: book.translate.xml:24887 msgid "" "For purposes of demonstrating a Kerberos " "installation, the name spaces will be as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:24874 +#: book.translate.xml:24893 msgid "" "The DNS domain (zone) will be example.org." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:24879 +#: book.translate.xml:24898 msgid "" "The Kerberos realm will be EXAMPLE.ORG." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:24885 +#: book.translate.xml:24904 msgid "" "Use real domain names when setting up Kerberos, " "even if it will run internally. This avoids DNS problems " @@ -36909,18 +36889,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:24893 +#: book.translate.xml:24912 msgid "Setting up a Heimdal KDC" msgstr "設定 Heimdal KDC" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:24895 +#: book.translate.xml:24914 msgid "" "Kerberos5 Key Distribution Center" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24900 +#: book.translate.xml:24919 msgid "" "The Key Distribution Center (KDC) is the centralized " "authentication service that Kerberos provides, " @@ -36933,7 +36913,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24912 +#: book.translate.xml:24931 msgid "" "While running a KDC requires few computing resources, a " "dedicated machine acting only as a KDC is recommended for " @@ -36941,14 +36921,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24917 +#: book.translate.xml:24936 msgid "" "To begin setting up a KDC, add these lines to /" "etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24920 +#: book.translate.xml:24939 #, no-wrap msgid "" "kdc_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -36956,12 +36936,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24923 +#: book.translate.xml:24942 msgid "Next, edit /etc/krb5.conf as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24926 +#: book.translate.xml:24945 #, no-wrap msgid "" "[libdefaults]\n" @@ -36976,7 +36956,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24936 +#: book.translate.xml:24955 msgid "" "In this example, the KDC will use the fully-qualified " "hostname kerberos.example.orgKerberos can also use the DNS " "to locate KDCs, instead of a [realms] section in " @@ -36994,7 +36974,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24948 +#: book.translate.xml:24967 #, no-wrap msgid "" "[libdefaults]\n" @@ -37004,14 +36984,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24953 +#: book.translate.xml:24972 msgid "" "With the following lines being included in the example.org zone file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:24957 +#: book.translate.xml:24976 #, no-wrap msgid "" "_kerberos._udp IN SRV 01 00 88 kerberos.example.org.\n" @@ -37022,7 +37002,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:24964 +#: book.translate.xml:24983 msgid "" "In order for clients to be able to find the Kerberos services, they must have either a fully " @@ -37032,7 +37012,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24973 +#: book.translate.xml:24992 msgid "" "Next, create the Kerberos database which contains " "the keys of all principals (users and hosts) encrypted with a master " @@ -37043,7 +37023,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24982 +#: book.translate.xml:25001 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kstash\n" @@ -37052,7 +37032,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:24986 +#: book.translate.xml:25005 msgid "" "Once the master key has been created, the database should be initialized. " "The Kerberos administrative tool " @@ -37067,7 +37047,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:24997 +#: book.translate.xml:25016 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kadmin -l\n" @@ -37076,7 +37056,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25001 +#: book.translate.xml:25020 msgid "" "Lastly, while still in kadmin, create the first principal " "using add. Stick to the default options for the principal " @@ -37085,7 +37065,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25008 +#: book.translate.xml:25027 #, no-wrap msgid "" "kadmin> add tillman\n" @@ -37097,7 +37077,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25015 +#: book.translate.xml:25034 msgid "" "Next, start the KDC services by running service " "kdc start and service kadmind start. While " @@ -37107,7 +37087,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25023 +#: book.translate.xml:25042 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% kinit tillman\n" @@ -37115,14 +37095,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25026 +#: book.translate.xml:25045 msgid "" "Confirm that a ticket was successfully obtained using klist:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25029 +#: book.translate.xml:25048 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% klist\n" @@ -37134,28 +37114,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25036 +#: book.translate.xml:25055 msgid "The temporary ticket can be destroyed when the test is finished:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25039 +#: book.translate.xml:25058 #, no-wrap msgid "% kdestroy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25043 +#: book.translate.xml:25062 msgid "Configuring a Server to Use Kerberos" msgstr "設定伺服器使用 Kerberos" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25046 +#: book.translate.xml:25065 msgid "Kerberos5 enabling services" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25051 +#: book.translate.xml:25070 msgid "" "The first step in configuring a server to use Kerberos authentication is to ensure that it has the correct " @@ -37165,7 +37145,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25058 +#: book.translate.xml:25077 msgid "" "Next, create /etc/krb5.keytab on the server. This is " "the main part of Kerberizing a service — it corresponds to " @@ -37188,7 +37168,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25081 +#: book.translate.xml:25100 msgid "" "Of course, kadmin is a kerberized service; a " "Kerberos ticket is needed to authenticate to the " @@ -37208,7 +37188,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25098 +#: book.translate.xml:25117 msgid "" "After installing /etc/krb5.conf, use add --" "random-key in kadmin. This adds the server's " @@ -37218,7 +37198,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25106 +#: book.translate.xml:25125 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kadmin\n" @@ -37233,7 +37213,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25116 +#: book.translate.xml:25135 msgid "" "Note that ext_keytab stores the extracted key in " "/etc/krb5.keytab by default. This is good when being " @@ -37243,7 +37223,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25124 +#: book.translate.xml:25143 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kadmin\n" @@ -37252,7 +37232,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25128 +#: book.translate.xml:25147 msgid "" "The keytab can then be securely copied to the server using " "scp1KDC using its shared key, stored in krb5.keytab. " @@ -37274,32 +37254,35 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25144 +#: book.translate.xml:25163 #, no-wrap msgid "GSSAPIAuthentication yes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25146 +#: book.translate.xml:25165 msgid "" "After making this change, sshd8 must be restared for " +"refentrytitle>8 must be restarted for " "the new configuration to take effect: service sshd restart." msgstr "" +"做完了這個變更之後，必須重新啟動 sshd8 來使新的設定值生效：" +"service sshd restart。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25152 +#: book.translate.xml:25171 msgid "Configuring a Client to Use Kerberos" msgstr "設定客戶端使用 Kerberos" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25155 +#: book.translate.xml:25174 msgid "Kerberos5 configure clients" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25160 +#: book.translate.xml:25179 msgid "" "As it was for the server, the client requires configuration in /" "etc/krb5.conf. Copy the file in place (securely) or re-enter it " @@ -37307,7 +37290,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25164 +#: book.translate.xml:25183 msgid "" "Test the client by using kinit, klist, " "and kdestroy from the client to obtain, show, and then " @@ -37323,7 +37306,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25178 +#: book.translate.xml:25197 msgid "" "When testing a Kerberized application, try using a packet sniffer such as " "tcpdump to confirm that no sensitive information is sent " @@ -37331,7 +37314,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25182 +#: book.translate.xml:25201 msgid "" "Various Kerberos client applications are " "available. With the advent of a bridge so that applications using " @@ -37342,17 +37325,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25190 +#: book.translate.xml:25209 msgid ".k5login" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25194 +#: book.translate.xml:25213 msgid ".k5users" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25198 +#: book.translate.xml:25217 msgid "" "Users within a realm typically have their Kerberos principal mapped to a local user account. Occasionally, one " @@ -37365,7 +37348,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25207 +#: book.translate.xml:25226 msgid "" "The .k5login and .k5users files, " "placed in a user's home directory, can be used to solve this problem. For " @@ -37376,7 +37359,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25215 +#: book.translate.xml:25234 #, no-wrap msgid "" "tillman@example.org\n" @@ -37384,7 +37367,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25218 +#: book.translate.xml:25237 msgid "" "Refer to ksu1 for more information about .k5usersMIT Differences" msgstr "與 MIT 的差異" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25225 +#: book.translate.xml:25244 msgid "" "The major difference between the MIT and Heimdal " "implementations is that kadmin has a different, but " @@ -37408,7 +37391,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25233 +#: book.translate.xml:25252 msgid "" "Client applications may also use slightly different command line options to " "accomplish the same tasks. Following the instructions at KDC on FreeBSD, the " "following edits should also be made to rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25247 +#: book.translate.xml:25266 #, no-wrap msgid "" "kerberos5_server=\"/usr/local/sbin/krb5kdc\"\n" @@ -37438,19 +37421,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25255 +#: book.translate.xml:25274 msgid "Kerberos Tips, Tricks, and Troubleshooting" msgstr "Kerberos 提示、技巧與疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25258 +#: book.translate.xml:25277 msgid "" "When configuring and troubleshooting Kerberos, " "keep the following points in mind:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25264 +#: book.translate.xml:25283 msgid "" "When using either Heimdal or MIT Kerberos from ports, ensure that the PATH lists the " @@ -37458,7 +37441,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25271 +#: book.translate.xml:25290 msgid "" "If all the computers in the realm do not have synchronized time settings, " "authentication may fail. describes how to " @@ -37466,7 +37449,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25278 +#: book.translate.xml:25297 msgid "" "If the hostname is changed, the host/ principal must be changed and the keytab updated. This also " @@ -37476,7 +37459,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25285 +#: book.translate.xml:25304 msgid "" "All hosts in the realm must be both forward and reverse resolvable in " "DNS or, at a minimum, exist in /etc/hostsKDC do " "not set the permissions for ksu to be setuid MIT Kerberos, to allow a " "principal to have a ticket life longer than the default lifetime of ten " @@ -37510,7 +37493,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25319 +#: book.translate.xml:25338 msgid "" "When running a packet sniffer on the KDC to aid in " "troubleshooting while running kinit from a workstation, " @@ -37532,7 +37515,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25346 +#: book.translate.xml:25365 msgid "" "Host principals can have a longer ticket lifetime. If the user principal has " "a lifetime of a week but the host being connected to has a lifetime of nine " @@ -37541,7 +37524,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25354 +#: book.translate.xml:25373 msgid "" "When setting up krb5.dict to prevent specific bad " "passwords from being used as described in " @@ -37553,19 +37536,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25368 +#: book.translate.xml:25387 msgid "Mitigating Kerberos Limitations" msgstr "減輕 Kerberos 的限制" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25371 +#: book.translate.xml:25390 msgid "" "Kerberos5 limitations and shortcomings" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25376 +#: book.translate.xml:25395 msgid "" "Since Kerberos is an all or nothing approach, " "every service enabled on the network must either be modified to work with " @@ -37577,7 +37560,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25386 +#: book.translate.xml:25405 msgid "" "The KDC is a single point of failure. By design, the " "KDC must be as secure as its master password database. " @@ -37588,7 +37571,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25395 +#: book.translate.xml:25414 msgid "" "A compromised master key is not quite as bad as one might fear. The master " "key is only used to encrypt the Kerberos database " @@ -37598,7 +37581,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25402 +#: book.translate.xml:25421 msgid "" "If the KDC is unavailable, network services are unusable " "as authentication cannot be performed. This can be alleviated with a single " @@ -37608,7 +37591,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25409 +#: book.translate.xml:25428 msgid "" "Kerberos allows users, hosts and services to " "authenticate between themselves. It does not have a mechanism to " @@ -37619,31 +37602,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25420 +#: book.translate.xml:25439 msgid "Resources and Further Information" msgstr "相關資源與延伸資訊" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25422 +#: book.translate.xml:25441 msgid "Kerberos5 external resources" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25429 +#: book.translate.xml:25448 msgid "" " The Kerberos FAQ" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25435 +#: book.translate.xml:25454 msgid "" "Designing " "an Authentication System: a Dialog in Four Scenes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25441 +#: book.translate.xml:25460 msgid "" "RFC " "4120, The Kerberos Network Authentication Service " @@ -37651,31 +37634,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25447 +#: book.translate.xml:25466 msgid "" "MIT " "Kerberos home page" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25453 +#: book.translate.xml:25472 msgid "" "Heimdal " "Kerberos home page" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:25463 +#: book.translate.xml:25482 msgid "OpenSSL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25471 +#: book.translate.xml:25490 msgid "security OpenSSL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25476 +#: book.translate.xml:25495 msgid "" "OpenSSL is an open source implementation of the " "SSL and TLS protocols. It provides an " @@ -37684,7 +37667,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25483 +#: book.translate.xml:25502 msgid "" "The version of OpenSSL included in FreeBSD " "supports the Secure Sockets Layer v2/v3 (SSLv2/SSLv3) and Transport Layer " @@ -37693,7 +37676,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25489 +#: book.translate.xml:25508 msgid "" "OpenSSL is often used to encrypt authentication " "of mail clients and to secure web based transactions such as credit card " @@ -37703,7 +37686,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25497 +#: book.translate.xml:25516 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides two versions of OpenSSL: one in " "the base system and one in the Ports Collection. Users can choose which " @@ -37711,7 +37694,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25504 +#: book.translate.xml:25523 msgid "" "WITH_OPENSSL_PORT: when set, the port will use OpenSSL from the security/openssl port, even if the " @@ -37719,14 +37702,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25511 +#: book.translate.xml:25530 msgid "" "WITH_OPENSSL_BASE: when set, the port will compile against " "OpenSSL provided by the base system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25517 +#: book.translate.xml:25536 msgid "" "Another common use of OpenSSL is to provide " "certificates for use with software applications. Certificates can be used to " @@ -37741,7 +37724,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25530 +#: book.translate.xml:25549 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to create and use certificates on a FreeBSD " "system. Refer to for an example of how to " @@ -37749,7 +37732,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25535 +#: book.translate.xml:25554 msgid "" "For more information about SSL, read the free OpenSSL " @@ -37757,18 +37740,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25540 +#: book.translate.xml:25559 msgid "Generating Certificates" msgstr "產生憑証" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25542 +#: book.translate.xml:25561 msgid "" "OpenSSL certificate generation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25547 +#: book.translate.xml:25566 msgid "" "To generate a certificate that will be signed by an external CA, issue the following command and input the information requested at " @@ -37781,7 +37764,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25557 +#: book.translate.xml:25576 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# openssl req -new -nodes -out req.pem -keyout cert.key -sha256 -newkey rsa:2048\n" @@ -37812,7 +37795,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25583 +#: book.translate.xml:25602 msgid "" "Other options, such as the expire time and alternate encryption algorithms, " "are available when creating a certificate. A complete list of options is " @@ -37821,7 +37804,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25588 +#: book.translate.xml:25607 msgid "" "This command will create two files in the current directory. The certificate " "request, req.pem, can be sent to a CACA is not required, a " "self-signed certificate can be created. First, generate the RSA# openssl genrsa -rand -genkey -out cert.key 2048\n" @@ -37853,14 +37836,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25610 +#: book.translate.xml:25629 msgid "" "Use this key to create a self-signed certificate. Follow the usual prompts " "for creating a certificate:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25613 +#: book.translate.xml:25632 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -key cert.key -out cert.crt -sha256\n" @@ -37881,7 +37864,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25629 +#: book.translate.xml:25648 msgid "" "This will create two new files in the current directory: a private key file " "cert.key, and the certificate itself, cert." @@ -37892,12 +37875,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:25640 +#: book.translate.xml:25659 msgid "Using Certificates" msgstr "使用憑證" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25642 +#: book.translate.xml:25661 msgid "" "One use for a certificate is to encrypt connections to the " "Sendmail mail server in order to prevent the use " @@ -37905,7 +37888,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:25647 +#: book.translate.xml:25666 msgid "" "Some mail clients will display an error if the user has not installed a " "local copy of the certificate. Refer to the documentation included with the " @@ -37913,7 +37896,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25653 +#: book.translate.xml:25672 msgid "" "In FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE and above, it is possible to create a self-signed " "certificate for Sendmail automatically. To enable " @@ -37921,7 +37904,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25659 +#: book.translate.xml:25678 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sendmail_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -37930,7 +37913,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25663 +#: book.translate.xml:25682 msgid "" "This will automatically create a self-signed certificate, /etc/" "mail/certs/host.cert, a signing key, /etc/mail/certs/" @@ -37941,13 +37924,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25672 +#: book.translate.xml:25691 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sendmail restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25674 +#: book.translate.xml:25693 msgid "" "If all went well, there will be no error messages in /var/log/" "maillog. For a simple test, connect to the mail server's " @@ -37955,7 +37938,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25679 +#: book.translate.xml:25698 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# telnet example.com 25\n" @@ -37981,19 +37964,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25700 +#: book.translate.xml:25719 msgid "" "If the STARTTLS line appears in the output, everything is " "working correctly." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:25707 +#: book.translate.xml:25726 msgid "VPN over IPsec" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: affiliation/address -#: book.translate.xml:25717 +#: book.translate.xml:25736 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -38002,7 +37985,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:25711 +#: book.translate.xml:25730 msgid "" " Nik Clayton <_:address-1/> Written by " @@ -38010,7 +37993,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: affiliation/address -#: book.translate.xml:25732 +#: book.translate.xml:25751 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -38019,7 +38002,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:25726 +#: book.translate.xml:25745 msgid "" " Hiten M. Pandya <_:address-1/> Written by " @@ -38027,12 +38010,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25741 +#: book.translate.xml:25760 msgid "IPsec" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25745 +#: book.translate.xml:25764 msgid "" "Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a set of protocols " "which sit on top of the Internet Protocol (IP) layer. It " @@ -38045,22 +38028,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25755 +#: book.translate.xml:25774 msgid "IPsec ESP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25760 +#: book.translate.xml:25779 msgid "IPsec AH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25765 +#: book.translate.xml:25784 msgid "IPsec is comprised of the following sub-protocols:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25770 +#: book.translate.xml:25789 msgid "" "Encapsulated Security Payload (ESP): " "this protocol protects the IP packet data from third " @@ -38069,7 +38052,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25779 +#: book.translate.xml:25798 msgid "" "Authentication Header (AH): this " "protocol protects the IP packet header from third party " @@ -38080,7 +38063,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25791 +#: book.translate.xml:25810 msgid "" "IP Payload Compression Protocol (IPComp): this protocol tries to increase communication performance by " @@ -38089,24 +38072,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25799 +#: book.translate.xml:25818 msgid "" "These protocols can either be used together or separately, depending on the " "environment." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25802 +#: book.translate.xml:25821 msgid "VPN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25806 +#: book.translate.xml:25825 msgid "virtual private network VPN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25811 +#: book.translate.xml:25830 msgid "" "IPsec supports two modes of operation. The first mode, " "Transport Mode, protects communications between two " @@ -38118,20 +38101,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25820 +#: book.translate.xml:25839 msgid "" -"To add IPsec support to the kernel, add the following " -"options to the custom kernel configuration file and rebuild the kernel using " -"the instructions in :" +"IPsec support is enabled by default on FreeBSD 11 and " +"later. For previous versions of FreeBSD, add these options to a custom " +"kernel configuration file and rebuild the kernel using the instructions in " +":" msgstr "" +"在 FreeBSD 11 與之後的版本預設會開啟 IPsec 功能，先前版本" +"的 FreeBSD 可在自訂核心設定檔中加入以下選項然後依 的指示來重新編譯核心：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25824 +#: book.translate.xml:25843 msgid "kernel options IPSEC" msgstr "核心選項 IPSEC" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25829 +#: book.translate.xml:25848 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options IPSEC #IP security\n" @@ -38139,25 +38126,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:25832 +#: book.translate.xml:25851 msgid "kernel options IPSEC_DEBUG" msgstr "核心選項 IPSEC_DEBUG" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25837 +#: book.translate.xml:25856 msgid "" "If IPsec debugging support is desired, the following " "kernel option should also be added:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25840 +#: book.translate.xml:25859 #, no-wrap msgid "options IPSEC_DEBUG #debug for IP security" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:25842 +#: book.translate.xml:25861 msgid "" "This rest of this chapter demonstrates the process of setting up an " "IPsec VPN between a home network and a " @@ -38165,14 +38152,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25849 +#: book.translate.xml:25868 msgid "" "Both sites are connected to the Internet through a gateway that is running " "FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25854 +#: book.translate.xml:25873 msgid "" "The gateway on each network has at least one external IP " "address. In this example, the corporate LAN's external " @@ -38183,7 +38170,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:25863 +#: book.translate.xml:25882 msgid "" "The internal addresses of the two networks can be either public or private " "IP addresses. However, the address space must not " @@ -38196,12 +38183,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:25876 +#: book.translate.xml:25895 msgid "Configuring a VPN on FreeBSD" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 上設定 VPN" #. (itstool) path: affiliation/address -#: book.translate.xml:25885 +#: book.translate.xml:25904 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -38210,7 +38197,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:25879 +#: book.translate.xml:25898 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes <_:address-1/> Written by " @@ -38218,7 +38205,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25894 +#: book.translate.xml:25913 msgid "" "To begin, security/ipsec-tools must be installed from the " "Ports Collection. This software provides a number of applications which " @@ -38226,7 +38213,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25898 +#: book.translate.xml:25917 msgid "" "The next requirement is to create two gif4 pseudo-devices which " @@ -38238,7 +38225,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25906 +#: book.translate.xml:25925 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig gif0 create\n" @@ -38247,14 +38234,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25910 +#: book.translate.xml:25929 msgid "" "Verify the setup on each gateway, using ifconfig. Here is " "the output from Gateway 1:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25914 +#: book.translate.xml:25933 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gif0: flags=8051 mtu 1280\n" @@ -38264,12 +38251,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25919 +#: book.translate.xml:25938 msgid "Here is the output from Gateway 2:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25921 +#: book.translate.xml:25940 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gif0: flags=8051 mtu 1280\n" @@ -38279,7 +38266,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25926 +#: book.translate.xml:25945 msgid "" "Once complete, both internal IP addresses should be " "reachable using pingICMP packets from the privately configured addresses. Next, both " @@ -38322,17 +38309,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:25957 +#: book.translate.xml:25976 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"# corp-net# route add 10.0.0.0 10.0.0.5 255.255.255.0\n" -"# corp-net# route add net 10.0.0.0: gateway 10.0.0.5\n" -"# priv-net# route add 10.246.38.0 10.246.38.1 255.255.255.0\n" -"# priv-net# route add host 10.246.38.0: gateway 10.246.38.1" +"corp-net# route add 10.0.0.0 10.0.0.5 255.255.255.0\n" +"corp-net# route add net 10.0.0.0: gateway 10.0.0.5\n" +"priv-net# route add 10.246.38.0 10.246.38.1 255.255.255.0\n" +"priv-net# route add host 10.246.38.0: gateway 10.246.38.1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25962 +#: book.translate.xml:25981 msgid "" "At this point, internal machines should be reachable from each gateway as " "well as from machines behind the gateways. Again, use " @@ -38341,7 +38328,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:25966 +#: book.translate.xml:25985 #, no-wrap msgid "" "corp-net# ping 10.0.0.8\n" @@ -38368,7 +38355,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:25988 +#: book.translate.xml:26007 msgid "" "Setting up the tunnels is the easy part. Configuring a secure link is a more " "in depth process. The following configuration uses pre-shared (PSKracoon.conf." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26057 +#: book.translate.xml:26076 msgid "" "The Security Policy Database (SPD) needs to be configured " "so that FreeBSD and racoon are able to encrypt " @@ -38456,7 +38443,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26062 +#: book.translate.xml:26081 msgid "" "This can be achieved with a shell script, similar to the following, on the " "corporate gateway. This file will be used during system initialization and " @@ -38464,7 +38451,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26067 +#: book.translate.xml:26086 #, no-wrap msgid "" "flush;\n" @@ -38475,25 +38462,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26073 +#: book.translate.xml:26092 msgid "" "Once in place, racoon may be started on both " "gateways using the following command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26076 +#: book.translate.xml:26095 #, no-wrap msgid "# /usr/local/sbin/racoon -F -f /usr/local/etc/racoon/racoon.conf -l /var/log/racoon.log" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26078 +#: book.translate.xml:26097 msgid "The output should be similar to the following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26080 +#: book.translate.xml:26099 #, no-wrap msgid "" "corp-net# /usr/local/sbin/racoon -F -f /usr/local/etc/racoon/racoon.conf\n" @@ -38511,7 +38498,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26093 +#: book.translate.xml:26112 msgid "" "To ensure the tunnel is working properly, switch to another console and use " "tcpdump1# tcpdump -i em0 host 172.16.5.4 and dst 192.168.1.12" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26101 +#: book.translate.xml:26120 msgid "" "Data similar to the following should appear on the console. If not, there is " "an issue and debugging the returned data will be required." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26105 +#: book.translate.xml:26124 #, no-wrap msgid "" "01:47:32.021683 IP corporatenetwork.com > 192.168.1.12.privatenetwork.com: ESP(spi=0x02acbf9f,seq=0xa)\n" @@ -38543,7 +38530,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26109 +#: book.translate.xml:26128 msgid "" "At this point, both networks should be available and seem to be part of the " "same network. Most likely both networks are protected by a firewall. To " @@ -38554,7 +38541,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26116 +#: book.translate.xml:26135 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ipfw add 00201 allow log esp from any to any\n" @@ -38564,14 +38551,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:26122 +#: book.translate.xml:26141 msgid "" "The rule numbers may need to be altered depending on the current host " "configuration." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26126 +#: book.translate.xml:26145 msgid "" "For users of pf4 or ipfVPN during system initialization, add the following lines to /" @@ -38604,7 +38591,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26144 +#: book.translate.xml:26163 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ipsec_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -38614,29 +38601,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:26153 +#: book.translate.xml:26172 msgid "OpenSSH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:26156 +#: book.translate.xml:26175 msgid "" "ChernLeeContributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26162 +#: book.translate.xml:26181 msgid "OpenSSH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26163 +#: book.translate.xml:26182 msgid "security OpenSSH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26168 +#: book.translate.xml:26187 msgid "" "OpenSSH is a set of network connectivity tools " "used to provide secure access to remote machines. Additionally, TCP/" @@ -38652,7 +38639,7 @@ "線劫持 (Connection hijacking) 與其他網路層的攻擊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26177 +#: book.translate.xml:26196 msgid "" "OpenSSH is maintained by the OpenBSD project and " "is installed by default in FreeBSD. It is compatible with both SSHSSH 版本 1 與 2 通訊協定。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26182 +#: book.translate.xml:26201 msgid "" "When data is sent over the network in an unencrypted form, network sniffers " "anywhere in between the client and server can steal user/password " @@ -38679,7 +38666,7 @@ "\"http://www.openssh.com/\">http://www.openssh.com/ 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26190 +#: book.translate.xml:26209 msgid "" "This section provides an overview of the built-in client utilities to " "securely access other systems and securely transfer files from a FreeBSD " @@ -38692,17 +38679,17 @@ "服器。更多的資訊可於本章節所提及的操作手冊 (Man page) 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:26198 +#: book.translate.xml:26217 msgid "Using the SSH Client Utilities" msgstr "使用 SSH 客戶端工具" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26200 +#: book.translate.xml:26219 msgid "OpenSSH client" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26205 +#: book.translate.xml:26224 msgid "" "To log into a SSH server, use ssh and " "specify a username that exists on that server and the IP " @@ -38715,7 +38702,7 @@ "稱。若這是第一次連線到指定的伺服器，會提示該使用者伺服器的指紋做第一次檢驗：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26212 +#: book.translate.xml:26231 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ssh user@example.com\n" @@ -38727,7 +38714,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26219 +#: book.translate.xml:26238 msgid "" "SSH utilizes a key fingerprint system to verify the " "authenticity of the server when the client connects. When the user accepts " @@ -38747,7 +38734,7 @@ "前檢查金鑰變動的原因。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26231 +#: book.translate.xml:26250 msgid "" "By default, recent versions of OpenSSH only " "accept SSHv2 connections. By default, the client will use " @@ -38765,19 +38752,19 @@ "manvolnum> 中有說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26240 +#: book.translate.xml:26259 msgid "OpenSSH secure copy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26244 +#: book.translate.xml:26263 msgid "" "scp1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26248 +#: book.translate.xml:26267 msgid "" "Use scp1 to securely copy a file to or from a remote " @@ -38790,7 +38777,7 @@ "端主機的 COPYRIGHT 到本地主機的目前目錄：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26254 +#: book.translate.xml:26273 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# scp user@example.com:/COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHT\n" @@ -38801,7 +38788,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26260 +#: book.translate.xml:26279 msgid "" "Since the fingerprint was already verified for this host, the server's key " "is automatically checked before prompting for the user's password." @@ -38809,7 +38796,7 @@ "由於這個主機的指紋已驗證過，在提示用者輸入密碼之前伺服器的金鑰已自動檢查。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26264 +#: book.translate.xml:26283 msgid "" "The arguments passed to scp are similar to cp. The file or files to copy is the first argument and the " @@ -38826,7 +38813,7 @@ "cp 使用 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26274 +#: book.translate.xml:26293 msgid "" "To open an interactive session for copying files, use sftp. Refer to sftp 來取得在 sftp 連線時可用的指令清單。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:26280 +#: book.translate.xml:26299 msgid "Key-based Authentication" msgstr "以金鑰為基礎的認證" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26282 +#: book.translate.xml:26301 msgid "" "Instead of using passwords, a client can be configured to connect to the " "remote machine using keys. To generate RSA authentication " @@ -38857,7 +38844,7 @@ "碼來保護這個金鑰。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26291 +#: book.translate.xml:26310 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh-keygen -t rsa\n" @@ -38884,17 +38871,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:26315 +#: book.translate.xml:26334 msgid "Type a passphrase here. It can contain spaces and symbols." msgstr "在此輸入密碼，密碼不可含有空白或符號。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:26320 +#: book.translate.xml:26339 msgid "Retype the passphrase to verify it." msgstr "再輸入一次密碼驗證。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26325 +#: book.translate.xml:26344 msgid "" "The private key is stored in ~/.ssh/id_rsa and the " "public key is stored in ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The " @@ -38907,7 +38894,7 @@ "~/.ssh/authorized_keys 來讓以金鑰為基礎的認証可以運作。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:26336 +#: book.translate.xml:26355 msgid "" "Many users believe that keys are secure by design and will use a key without " "a passphrase. This is dangerous behavior. An " @@ -38928,7 +38915,7 @@ "入。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26352 +#: book.translate.xml:26371 msgid "" "The options and files vary with different versions of OpenSSH. To avoid problems, consult ssh-" @@ -38939,7 +38926,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26356 +#: book.translate.xml:26375 msgid "" "If a passphrase is used, the user is prompted for the passphrase each time a " "connection is made to the server. To load SSH keys into " @@ -38955,7 +38942,7 @@ "refentrytitle>1。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26362 +#: book.translate.xml:26381 msgid "" "Authentication is handled by ssh-agent, using the private " "keys that are loaded into it. ssh-agent can be used to " @@ -38965,7 +38952,7 @@ "agent 可用在執行其他應用程式，如 Shell 或視窗管理程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26368 +#: book.translate.xml:26387 msgid "" "To use ssh-agent in a shell, start it with a shell as an " "argument. Add the identity by running ssh-add and " @@ -38979,23 +38966,23 @@ "應公鑰的主機，例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26376 +#: book.translate.xml:26395 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"% ssh-agent csh\n" -"% ssh-add\n" +"% ssh-agent csh\n" +"% ssh-add\n" "Enter passphrase for key '/usr/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa': \n" "Identity added: /usr/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa (/usr/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa)\n" "%" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:26384 +#: book.translate.xml:26403 msgid "Enter the passphrase for the key." msgstr "輸入金鑰的密碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26388 +#: book.translate.xml:26407 msgid "" "To use ssh-agent in Xorg, add " "an entry for it in ~/.xinitrc. This provides the " @@ -39009,13 +38996,13 @@ "~/.xinitrc 範例如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26395 +#: book.translate.xml:26414 #, no-wrap msgid "exec ssh-agent startxfce4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26397 +#: book.translate.xml:26416 msgid "" "This launches ssh-agent, which in turn launches " "XFCE, every time Xorg " @@ -39029,17 +39016,17 @@ "ssh-add 來載入所有的 SSH 金鑰。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:26406 +#: book.translate.xml:26425 msgid "SSH Tunneling" msgstr "SSH 通道" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26408 +#: book.translate.xml:26427 msgid "OpenSSH tunneling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26413 +#: book.translate.xml:26432 msgid "" "OpenSSH has the ability to create a tunnel to " "encapsulate another protocol in an encrypted session." @@ -39048,7 +39035,7 @@ "定到一個加密的連線。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26417 +#: book.translate.xml:26436 msgid "" "The following command tells ssh to create a tunnel for " "telnet:" @@ -39057,7 +39044,7 @@ "application> 使用的通道：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26421 +#: book.translate.xml:26440 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh -2 -N -f -L 5023:localhost:23 user@foo.example.com\n" @@ -39065,28 +39052,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26424 +#: book.translate.xml:26443 msgid "This example uses the following options:" msgstr "這個例子使用了以下選項：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:26428 +#: book.translate.xml:26447 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26431 +#: book.translate.xml:26450 msgid "" "Forces ssh to use version 2 to connect to the server." msgstr "強制 ssh 使用版本 2 的通訊協定連線到伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:26437 +#: book.translate.xml:26456 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26440 +#: book.translate.xml:26459 msgid "" "Indicates no command, or tunnel only. If omitted, ssh " "initiates a normal session." @@ -39095,17 +39082,17 @@ "個正常的連線。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26450 +#: book.translate.xml:26469 msgid "Forces ssh to run in the background." msgstr "強制 ssh 在背景執行。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:26456 +#: book.translate.xml:26475 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26459 +#: book.translate.xml:26478 msgid "" "Indicates a local tunnel in localport:remotehost:remoteport format." @@ -39114,18 +39101,18 @@ "replaceable> 格式。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:26466 +#: book.translate.xml:26485 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26469 +#: book.translate.xml:26488 msgid "" "The login name to use on the specified remote SSH server." msgstr "在指定的遠端 SSH 伺服器要使用的登入名稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26475 +#: book.translate.xml:26494 msgid "" "An SSH tunnel works by creating a listen socket on " "localhost on the specified localport 連線。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:26487 +#: book.translate.xml:26506 msgid "" "This method can be used to wrap any number of insecure TCP protocols such as SMTP, POP3, " @@ -39158,12 +39145,12 @@ "acronym>，如下例所示。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:26494 +#: book.translate.xml:26513 msgid "Create a Secure Tunnel for SMTP" msgstr "建立供 SMTP 使用的安全通道" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26497 +#: book.translate.xml:26516 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh -2 -N -f -L 5025:localhost:25 user@mailserver.example.com\n" @@ -39176,7 +39163,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26505 +#: book.translate.xml:26524 msgid "" "This can be used in conjunction with ssh-keygen and " "additional user accounts to create a more seamless SSH " @@ -39188,12 +39175,12 @@ "便可以另一個使用者執行。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:26514 +#: book.translate.xml:26533 msgid "Secure Access of a POP3 Server" msgstr "安全存取 POP3 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26517 +#: book.translate.xml:26536 msgid "" "In this example, there is an SSH server that accepts " "connections from the outside. On the same network resides a mail server " @@ -39207,7 +39194,7 @@ "acronym> 伺服器然後透過通道連線到郵件伺服器：" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26525 +#: book.translate.xml:26544 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh -2 -N -f -L 2110:mail.example.com:110 user@ssh-server.example.com\n" @@ -39215,7 +39202,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26528 +#: book.translate.xml:26547 msgid "" "Once the tunnel is up and running, point the email client to send " "POP3 requests to localhost on " @@ -39227,12 +39214,12 @@ "轉送到 mail.example.com。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:26536 +#: book.translate.xml:26555 msgid "Bypassing a Firewall" msgstr "跳過防火牆" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26538 +#: book.translate.xml:26557 msgid "" "Some firewalls filter both incoming and outgoing connections. For example, a " "firewall might limit access from remote machines to ports 22 and 80 to only " @@ -39244,7 +39231,7 @@ "得 Port 使用 22 或 80 以外的服務無法存取。" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26546 +#: book.translate.xml:26565 msgid "" "The solution is to create an SSH connection to a machine " "outside of the network's firewall and use it to tunnel to the desired " @@ -39254,7 +39241,7 @@ "然後使用該連線的通道連到想要使用的服務：" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26550 +#: book.translate.xml:26569 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ssh -2 -N -f -L 8888:music.example.com:8000 user@unfirewalled-system.example.org\n" @@ -39262,7 +39249,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:26553 +#: book.translate.xml:26572 msgid "" "In this example, a streaming Ogg Vorbis client can now be pointed to " "localhost port 8888, which will be forwarded over " @@ -39274,17 +39261,17 @@ "systemitem> 於 Port 8000，成功的跳過防火牆。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:26563 +#: book.translate.xml:26582 msgid "Enabling the SSH Server" msgstr "開啟 SSH 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26565 +#: book.translate.xml:26584 msgid "OpenSSH enabling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26570 +#: book.translate.xml:26589 msgid "" "In addition to providing built-in SSH client utilities, a " "FreeBSD system can be configured as an SSH server, " @@ -39295,7 +39282,7 @@ "戶端的連線。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26575 +#: book.translate.xml:26594 msgid "" "To see if sshd is operating, use the " "service8 指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26578 +#: book.translate.xml:26597 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd status" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26580 +#: book.translate.xml:26599 msgid "" "If the service is not running, add the following line to /etc/rc." "conf." msgstr "若服務未執行，請加入下行到 /etc/rc.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26583 +#: book.translate.xml:26602 #, no-wrap msgid "sshd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26585 +#: book.translate.xml:26604 msgid "" "This will start sshd, the daemon program for " "OpenSSH, the next time the system boots. To start " @@ -39335,13 +39322,13 @@ "sshd。若要立即啟動：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26589 +#: book.translate.xml:26608 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26591 +#: book.translate.xml:26610 msgid "" "The first time sshd starts on a FreeBSD system, " "the system's host keys will be automatically created and the fingerprint " @@ -39353,7 +39340,7 @@ "時驗證用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26597 +#: book.translate.xml:26616 msgid "" "Refer to sshd8 for the list of available options when starting " @@ -39365,7 +39352,7 @@ "選項的清單以及更多完整有關認証、登入程序與各種設定檔的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26602 +#: book.translate.xml:26621 msgid "" "At this point, the sshd should be available to " "all users with a username and password on the system." @@ -39374,12 +39361,12 @@ "使用者使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:26608 +#: book.translate.xml:26627 msgid "SSH Server Security" msgstr "SSH 伺服器安全性" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26610 +#: book.translate.xml:26629 msgid "" "While sshd is the most widely used remote " "administration facility for FreeBSD, brute force and drive by attacks are " @@ -39392,7 +39379,7 @@ "過攻擊 (Drive by attack)。在本節會介紹一些可用來避免這些攻擊的參數。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26617 +#: book.translate.xml:26636 msgid "" "It is a good idea to limit which users can log into the SSH server and from where using the AllowUsers " @@ -39409,13 +39396,13 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26625 +#: book.translate.xml:26644 #, no-wrap msgid "AllowUsers root@192.168.1.32" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26627 +#: book.translate.xml:26646 msgid "" "To allow admin to log in from " "anywhere, list that user without specifying an IP address:" @@ -39424,24 +39411,24 @@ "可只列出使用者名稱，不指定 IP 位址：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26631 +#: book.translate.xml:26650 #, no-wrap msgid "AllowUsers admin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26633 +#: book.translate.xml:26652 msgid "Multiple users should be listed on the same line, like so:" msgstr "有多位使用者也應列在同一行，例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26636 +#: book.translate.xml:26655 #, no-wrap msgid "AllowUsers root@192.168.1.32 admin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26638 +#: book.translate.xml:26657 msgid "" "After making changes to /etc/ssh/sshd_config, tell " "sshd to reload its configuration file by running:" @@ -39451,13 +39438,13 @@ " " #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26643 +#: book.translate.xml:26662 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd reload" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:26646 +#: book.translate.xml:26665 msgid "" "When this keyword is used, it is important to list each user that needs to " "log into this machine. Any user that is not specified in that line will be " @@ -39477,7 +39464,7 @@ "manvolnum> 來檢查拼寫以及可用的關鍵字。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26658 +#: book.translate.xml:26677 msgid "" "In addition, users may be forced to use two factor authentication via the " "use of a public and private key. When required, the user may generate a key " @@ -39496,13 +39483,13 @@ "者只能使用這個金鑰，可能需要設定以下選項：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26667 +#: book.translate.xml:26686 #, no-wrap msgid "AuthenticationMethods publickey" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:26670 +#: book.translate.xml:26689 msgid "" "Do not confuse /etc/ssh/sshd_config with /etc/" "ssh/ssh_config (note the extra d in the first " @@ -39518,25 +39505,25 @@ "manvolnum> 來取得可用的客戶端設定清單。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:26682 +#: book.translate.xml:26701 msgid "Access Control Lists" msgstr "存取控制清單" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:26685 book.translate.xml:26830 book.translate.xml:26906 -#: book.translate.xml:27226 book.translate.xml:27291 book.translate.xml:27648 +#: book.translate.xml:26704 book.translate.xml:26849 book.translate.xml:26925 +#: book.translate.xml:27245 book.translate.xml:27310 book.translate.xml:27667 msgid "" "TomRhodesContributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:26690 +#: book.translate.xml:26709 msgid "ACL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26694 +#: book.translate.xml:26713 msgid "" "Access Control Lists (ACLs) extend the standard " "UNIX permission model in a " @@ -39546,7 +39533,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26699 +#: book.translate.xml:26718 msgid "" "The FreeBSD GENERIC kernel provides ACL support for UFS file systems. Users who prefer " @@ -39555,13 +39542,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26705 +#: book.translate.xml:26724 #, no-wrap msgid "options UFS_ACL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26707 +#: book.translate.xml:26726 msgid "" "If this option is not compiled in, a warning message will be displayed when " "attempting to mount a file system with ACL support. " @@ -39570,19 +39557,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:26713 +#: book.translate.xml:26732 msgid "" "This chapter describes how to enable ACL support and " "provides some usage examples." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:26718 +#: book.translate.xml:26737 msgid "Enabling ACL Support" msgstr "開啟 ACL 支援" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26720 +#: book.translate.xml:26739 msgid "" "ACLs are enabled by the mount-time administrative flag, " ", which may be added to /etc/fstabmount -u as it requires a complete umount and fresh " @@ -39605,7 +39592,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:26741 +#: book.translate.xml:26760 msgid "" "Setting the superblock flag causes the file system to always be mounted with " "ACLs enabled, even if there is not an fstabACLs enabled because nasty things can happen if ACLs " @@ -39628,14 +39615,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26765 +#: book.translate.xml:26784 msgid "" "File systems with ACLs enabled will show a plus (" "+) sign in their permission settings:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:26769 +#: book.translate.xml:26788 #, no-wrap msgid "" "drwx------ 2 robert robert 512 Dec 27 11:54 private\n" @@ -39646,7 +39633,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26775 +#: book.translate.xml:26794 msgid "" "In this example, directory1, directory2, and directory3 are all taking advantage of " @@ -39654,12 +39641,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:26783 +#: book.translate.xml:26802 msgid "Using ACLs" msgstr "使用 ACL" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26785 +#: book.translate.xml:26804 msgid "" "File system ACLs can be viewed using getfacl. For instance, to view the ACL settings on " @@ -39667,7 +39654,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26790 +#: book.translate.xml:26809 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% getfacl test\n" @@ -39680,7 +39667,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26798 +#: book.translate.xml:26817 msgid "" "To change the ACL settings on this file, use " "setfacl. To remove all of the currently defined " @@ -39690,26 +39677,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:26805 +#: book.translate.xml:26824 #, no-wrap msgid "% setfacl -k test" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:26807 +#: book.translate.xml:26826 msgid "" "To modify the default ACL entries, use channels, so be careful " @@ -40565,24 +40552,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:27509 +#: book.translate.xml:27528 msgid "sbsize" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:27510 +#: book.translate.xml:27529 msgid "" "The limit on the amount of network memory a user may consume. This can be " "generally used to limit network communications." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:27516 +#: book.translate.xml:27535 msgid "stacksize" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:27517 +#: book.translate.xml:27536 msgid "" "The maximum size of a process stack. This alone is not sufficient to limit " "the amount of memory a program may use, so it should be used in conjunction " @@ -40590,19 +40577,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27526 +#: book.translate.xml:27545 msgid "There are a few other things to remember when setting resource limits:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27531 +#: book.translate.xml:27550 msgid "" "Processes started at system startup by /etc/rc are " "assigned to the daemon login class." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27537 +#: book.translate.xml:27556 msgid "" "Although the default /etc/login.conf is a good source " "of reasonable values for most limits, they may not be appropriate for every " @@ -40611,14 +40598,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27546 +#: book.translate.xml:27565 msgid "" "Xorg takes a lot of resources and encourages " "users to run more programs simultaneously." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27552 +#: book.translate.xml:27571 msgid "" "Many limits apply to individual processes, not the user as a whole. For " "example, setting openfiles to 50 means " @@ -40629,7 +40616,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27563 +#: book.translate.xml:27582 msgid "" "For further information on resource limits and login classes and " "capabilities in general, refer to cap_mkdbrctl support is built into the " "kernel. Previous supported releases will need to be recompiled using the " @@ -40655,7 +40642,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27578 +#: book.translate.xml:27597 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options RACCT\n" @@ -40663,27 +40650,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27581 +#: book.translate.xml:27600 msgid "" "Once the system has rebooted into the new kernel, rctl " "may be used to set rules for the system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27585 +#: book.translate.xml:27604 msgid "" "Rule syntax is controlled through the use of a subject, subject-id, " "resource, and action, as seen in this example rule:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27589 +#: book.translate.xml:27608 #, no-wrap msgid "user:trhodes:maxproc:deny=10/user" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27591 +#: book.translate.xml:27610 msgid "" "In this rule, the subject is user, the subject-id is " "trhodes, the resource, maxproc, is the " @@ -40697,7 +40684,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27602 +#: book.translate.xml:27621 msgid "" "Some care must be taken when adding rules. Since this user is constrained to " "10 processes, this example will prevent the user from " @@ -40707,7 +40694,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27609 +#: book.translate.xml:27628 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% man test\n" @@ -40716,20 +40703,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27613 +#: book.translate.xml:27632 msgid "" "As another example, a jail can be prevented from exceeding a memory limit. " "This rule could be written as:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27616 +#: book.translate.xml:27635 #, no-wrap msgid "# rctl -a jail:httpd:memoryuse:deny=2G/jail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27618 +#: book.translate.xml:27637 msgid "" "Rules will persist across reboots if they have been added to /etc/" "rctl.conf. The format is a rule, without the preceding command. " @@ -40737,7 +40724,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27623 +#: book.translate.xml:27642 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Block jail from using more than 2G memory:\n" @@ -40745,19 +40732,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27626 +#: book.translate.xml:27645 msgid "" "To remove a rule, use rctl to remove it from the list:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27629 +#: book.translate.xml:27648 #, no-wrap msgid "# rctl -r user:trhodes:maxproc:deny=10/user" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27631 +#: book.translate.xml:27650 msgid "" "A method for removing all rules is documented in " "rctl8# rctl -r user:trhodes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27637 +#: book.translate.xml:27656 msgid "" "Many other resources exist which can be used to exert additional control " "over various subjects. See " @@ -40781,17 +40768,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:27645 +#: book.translate.xml:27664 msgid "Shared Administration with Sudo" msgstr "使用 Sudo 分享管理權限" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:27653 +#: book.translate.xml:27672 msgid "Security Sudo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27658 +#: book.translate.xml:27677 msgid "" "System administrators often need the ability to grant enhanced permissions " "to users so they may perform privileged tasks. The idea that team members " @@ -40809,7 +40796,7 @@ "理這類的需求，這樣便不需提供這麼大的權限給一般使用者。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27669 +#: book.translate.xml:27688 msgid "" "Up to this point, the security chapter has covered permitting access to " "authorized users and attempting to prevent unauthorized access. Another " @@ -40833,7 +40820,7 @@ "Sudo。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27681 +#: book.translate.xml:27700 msgid "" "Sudo allows administrators to configure more " "rigid access to system commands and provide for some advanced logging " @@ -40851,13 +40838,13 @@ "refentrytitle>8 工具可：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27688 +#: book.translate.xml:27707 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install sudo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27690 +#: book.translate.xml:27709 msgid "" "After the installation is complete, the installed visudo " "will open the configuration file with a text editor. Using visudo/usr/local/etc/sudoers 的最後：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27705 +#: book.translate.xml:27724 #, no-wrap msgid "user1 ALL=(ALL) /usr/sbin/service webservice *" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27707 +#: book.translate.xml:27726 msgid "" "The user may now start webservice using this " "command:" msgstr "現在使用者可使用此指令來啟動 webservice：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27710 +#: book.translate.xml:27729 #, no-wrap msgid "% sudo /usr/sbin/service webservice start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27712 +#: book.translate.xml:27731 msgid "" "While this configuration allows a single user access to the " "webservice service; however, in most " @@ -40918,13 +40905,13 @@ "所有成員能夠管理服務：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27720 +#: book.translate.xml:27739 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupadd -g 6001 -n webteam" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27722 +#: book.translate.xml:27741 msgid "" "Using the same pw8 command, the user is added to the webteam group:" @@ -40933,13 +40920,13 @@ "manvolnum> 指令來加入該使用到 webteam 群組：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27725 +#: book.translate.xml:27744 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod -m user1 -n webteam" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27727 +#: book.translate.xml:27746 msgid "" "Finally, this line in /usr/local/etc/sudoers allows any " "member of the webteam group to manage webservice:" @@ -40948,13 +40935,13 @@ "webteam 群組的所有成員可以管理 webservice：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27732 +#: book.translate.xml:27751 #, no-wrap msgid "%webteam ALL=(ALL) /usr/sbin/service webservice *" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27734 +#: book.translate.xml:27753 msgid "" "Unlike su1, Sudo only requires the " @@ -40967,7 +40954,7 @@ "題且這種情況只有壞處可言。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27739 +#: book.translate.xml:27758 msgid "" "Users permitted to run applications with Sudo " "only enter their own passwords. This is more secure and gives better control " @@ -40985,7 +40972,7 @@ "權限。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:27748 +#: book.translate.xml:27767 msgid "" "Most organizations are moving or have moved toward a two factor " "authentication model. In these cases, the user may not have a password to " @@ -41001,18 +40988,18 @@ "管理該服務：" #. (itstool) path: tip/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27757 +#: book.translate.xml:27776 #, no-wrap msgid "%webteam ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/service webservice *" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:27761 +#: book.translate.xml:27780 msgid "Logging Output" msgstr "記錄輸出" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27763 +#: book.translate.xml:27782 msgid "" "An advantage to implementing Sudo is the ability " "to enable session logging. Using the built in log mechanisms and the " @@ -41031,13 +41018,13 @@ "application> 的操作手冊來取得進一步資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27775 +#: book.translate.xml:27794 #, no-wrap msgid "Defaults iolog_dir=/var/log/sudo-io/%{user}" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:27778 +#: book.translate.xml:27797 msgid "" "This directory will be created automatically after the logging is " "configured. It is best to let the system create directory with default " @@ -41052,7 +41039,7 @@ "項的註解。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27787 +#: book.translate.xml:27806 msgid "" "Once this directive has been added to the sudoers file, " "any user configuration can be updated with the request to log access. In the " @@ -41064,13 +41051,13 @@ "額外設定之後的範例如下： " #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:27793 +#: book.translate.xml:27812 #, no-wrap msgid "%webteam ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: LOG_INPUT: LOG_OUTPUT: /usr/sbin/service webservice *" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27795 +#: book.translate.xml:27814 msgid "" "From this point on, all webteam members altering " "the status of the webservice application will be " @@ -41081,13 +41068,13 @@ "出先前與目前連線階段的記錄可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27801 +#: book.translate.xml:27820 #, no-wrap msgid "# sudoreplay -l" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27803 +#: book.translate.xml:27822 msgid "" "In the output, to replay a specific session, search for the TSID= entry, and pass that to sudoreplay with " @@ -41098,13 +41085,13 @@ "播連線階段，例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:27808 +#: book.translate.xml:27827 #, no-wrap msgid "# sudoreplay user1/00/00/02" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:27811 +#: book.translate.xml:27830 msgid "" "While sessions are logged, any administrator is able to remove sessions and " "leave only a question of why they had done so. It is worthwhile to add a " @@ -41117,7 +41104,7 @@ "加入每日檢查，以便在有人為修改時通知其他管理人員。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:27819 +#: book.translate.xml:27838 msgid "" "The sudoreplay is extremely extendable. Consult the " "documentation for more information." @@ -41126,24 +41113,24 @@ "訊。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:27833 +#: book.translate.xml:27852 msgid "Jails" msgstr "Jail" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:27836 +#: book.translate.xml:27855 msgid "" "MatteoRiondatoContributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:27841 +#: book.translate.xml:27860 msgid "jails" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27846 +#: book.translate.xml:27865 msgid "" "Since system administration is a difficult task, many tools have been " "developed to make life easier for the administrator. These tools often " @@ -41159,7 +41146,7 @@ "用並持續強化它的功能、效率、穩定性以及安全性。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27855 +#: book.translate.xml:27874 msgid "" "Jails build upon the chroot2 concept, which is used " @@ -41182,7 +41169,7 @@ "經被找到，讓這個方法不再是確保服務安全的理想方案。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27868 +#: book.translate.xml:27887 msgid "" "Jails improve on the concept of the traditional chroot environment in " "several ways. In a traditional chroot environment, processes are only " @@ -41201,12 +41188,12 @@ "方式，Jail 可算是一種作業系統層級的虛擬化。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27880 +#: book.translate.xml:27899 msgid "A jail is characterized by four elements:" msgstr "Jail 的四個要素：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27884 +#: book.translate.xml:27903 msgid "" "A directory subtree: the starting point from which a jail is entered. Once " "inside the jail, a process is not permitted to escape outside of this " @@ -41216,12 +41203,12 @@ "錄之外。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27890 +#: book.translate.xml:27909 msgid "A hostname: which will be used by the jail." msgstr "一個主機名稱：將會由 Jail 所使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27894 +#: book.translate.xml:27913 msgid "" "An IP address: which is assigned to the jail. The " "IP address of a jail is often an alias address for an " @@ -41231,7 +41218,7 @@ "acronym> 位址通常是現有網路介面的別名位址。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27901 +#: book.translate.xml:27920 msgid "" "A command: the path name of an executable to run inside the jail. The path " "is relative to the root directory of the jail environment." @@ -41240,7 +41227,7 @@ "路徑。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27907 +#: book.translate.xml:27926 msgid "" "Jails have their own set of users and their own root account which are limited to the jail environment. The " @@ -41253,7 +41240,7 @@ "systemitem> 帳號不允許對指定 Jail 環境之外的系統執行操作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27912 +#: book.translate.xml:27931 msgid "" "This chapter provides an overview of the terminology and commands for " "managing FreeBSD jails. Jails are a powerful tool for both system " @@ -41263,23 +41250,23 @@ "來二者來說皆是強大的工具。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27920 +#: book.translate.xml:27939 msgid "What a jail is and what purpose it may serve in FreeBSD installations." msgstr "Jail 是什麼及它在 FreeBSD 中提供的目的。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27925 +#: book.translate.xml:27944 msgid "How to build, start, and stop a jail." msgstr "如何建立、啟動及停止 Jail。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27929 +#: book.translate.xml:27948 msgid "" "The basics of jail administration, both from inside and outside the jail." msgstr "Jail 管理基礎，不論從內部或外部。" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:27935 +#: book.translate.xml:27954 msgid "" "Jails are a powerful tool, but they are not a security panacea. While it is " "not possible for a jailed process to break out on its own, there are several " @@ -41292,7 +41279,7 @@ "使用者串通來取得主機環境的更高權限。" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:27942 +#: book.translate.xml:27961 msgid "" "Most of these attacks can be mitigated by ensuring that the jail root is not " "accessible to unprivileged users in the host environment. As a general rule, " @@ -41303,12 +41290,12 @@ "上，不受信任的使用者有 Jail 的存取權限並不會讓其可存取主機環境。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:27951 +#: book.translate.xml:27970 msgid "Terms Related to Jails" msgstr "Jail 相關術語" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:27953 +#: book.translate.xml:27972 msgid "" "To facilitate better understanding of parts of the FreeBSD system related to " "jails, their internals and the way they interact with the rest of FreeBSD, " @@ -41318,7 +41305,7 @@ "互作用關係， 以下列出本章將使用的術語：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27960 +#: book.translate.xml:27979 msgid "" "chroot8 (command)" @@ -41327,7 +41314,7 @@ "citerefentry> (指令)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27962 +#: book.translate.xml:27981 msgid "" "Utility, which uses chroot2 FreeBSD system call to " @@ -41338,7 +41325,7 @@ "(System call) 來更改程予及其衍伸程序的根目錄。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27969 +#: book.translate.xml:27988 msgid "" "chroot2 (environment)" @@ -41347,7 +41334,7 @@ "citerefentry> (環境)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27971 +#: book.translate.xml:27990 msgid "" "The environment of processes running in a chroot. This " "includes resources such as the part of the file system which is visible, " @@ -41358,7 +41345,7 @@ "統、可用的使用者及群組 ID、網路介面及其他 IPC 機制等。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27980 +#: book.translate.xml:27999 msgid "" "jail8 (command)" @@ -41367,19 +41354,19 @@ "citerefentry> (指令)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27982 +#: book.translate.xml:28001 msgid "" "The system administration utility which allows launching of processes within " "a jail environment." msgstr "允許在 Jail 環境下執行程序的系統管理工具。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:27988 +#: book.translate.xml:28007 msgid "host (system, process, user, etc.)" msgstr "主機 (系統、程序、使用者等)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:27990 +#: book.translate.xml:28009 msgid "" "The controlling system of a jail environment. The host system has access to " "all the hardware resources available, and can control processes both outside " @@ -41392,24 +41379,24 @@ "像在 Jail 環境那樣受到限制。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:28002 +#: book.translate.xml:28021 msgid "hosted (system, process, user, etc.)" msgstr "託管 (主機、程序、使用者等)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28004 +#: book.translate.xml:28023 msgid "" "A process, user or other entity, whose access to resources is restricted by " "a FreeBSD jail." msgstr "存取資源受到 FreeBSD Jail 限制的託管程序、使用者或其他實體。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:28012 +#: book.translate.xml:28031 msgid "Creating and Controlling Jails" msgstr "建立和控制 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28014 +#: book.translate.xml:28033 msgid "" "Some administrators divide jails into the following two types: " "complete jails, which resemble a real FreeBSD system, and " @@ -41427,7 +41414,7 @@ "先編譯的 Binary (如安裝媒體上提供的 Binary) 或從原始碼編譯。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28024 +#: book.translate.xml:28043 msgid "" "To install the userland from installation media, first create the root " "directory for the jail. This can be done by setting the DESTDIRDESTDIR 來到適當的位置來完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28029 +#: book.translate.xml:28048 msgid "Start a shell and define DESTDIR:" msgstr "啟動 Shell 並定義 DESTDIR：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28031 +#: book.translate.xml:28050 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sh\n" @@ -41450,7 +41437,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28034 +#: book.translate.xml:28053 msgid "" "Mount the install media as covered in mdconfig8 when using the install " @@ -41460,13 +41447,13 @@ "refentrytitle>8 中的說明掛載安裝媒體：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28037 +#: book.translate.xml:28056 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount -t cd9660 /dev/`mdconfig -f cdimage.iso` /mnt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28039 +#: book.translate.xml:28058 msgid "" "Extract the binaries from the tarballs on the install media into the " "declared destination. Minimally, only the base set needs to be extracted, " @@ -41476,29 +41463,29 @@ "的部份，若需要也可完整安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28044 +#: book.translate.xml:28063 msgid "To install just the base system:" msgstr "只安裝基礎系統 (Base system)：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28046 +#: book.translate.xml:28065 #, no-wrap msgid "# tar -xf /mnt/usr/freebsd-dist/base.txz -C $DESTDIR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28048 +#: book.translate.xml:28067 msgid "To install everything except the kernel:" msgstr "安裝全部不含核心：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28050 +#: book.translate.xml:28069 #, no-wrap msgid "# for sets in BASE PORTS; do tar -xf /mnt/FREEBSD_INSTALL/USR/FREEBSD_DIST/$sets.TXZ -C $DESTDIR ; done" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28052 +#: book.translate.xml:28071 msgid "" "The jail8 manual page explains the procedure for building a " @@ -41508,7 +41495,7 @@ "manvolnum> 操作手冊說明的程序建置 Jail：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28055 +#: book.translate.xml:28074 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# setenv D /here/is/the/jail\n" @@ -41521,7 +41508,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:28065 +#: book.translate.xml:28084 msgid "" "Selecting a location for a jail is the best starting point. This is where " "the jail will physically reside within the file system of the jail's host. A " @@ -41540,7 +41527,7 @@ "案。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:28078 +#: book.translate.xml:28097 msgid "" "If you have already rebuilt your userland using make world or make buildworld, you can skip this step and " @@ -41551,7 +41538,7 @@ "到新的 Jail。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:28085 +#: book.translate.xml:28104 msgid "" "This command will populate the directory subtree chosen as jail's physical " "location on the file system with the necessary binaries, libraries, manual " @@ -41561,12 +41548,12 @@ "庫、操作手冊與相關檔案。" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:28092 +#: book.translate.xml:28111 msgid "distribution" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:28092 +#: book.translate.xml:28111 msgid "" "The <_:buildtarget-1/> target for make installs " "every needed configuration file. In simple words, it installs every " @@ -41580,7 +41567,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:28103 +#: book.translate.xml:28122 msgid "" "Mounting the devfs8 file system inside a jail is not required. On the " @@ -41605,7 +41592,7 @@ "refentrytitle>5 操作手冊中有詳細說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28115 +#: book.translate.xml:28134 msgid "" "Once a jail is installed, it can be started by using the " "jail8rc " "mechanism provides an easy way to do this." @@ -41641,7 +41628,7 @@ "簡單的達成這件事。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28134 +#: book.translate.xml:28153 msgid "" "A list of the jails which are enabled to start at boot time should be added " "to the rc.conf55 檔案中：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28137 +#: book.translate.xml:28156 #, no-wrap msgid "" "jail_enable=\"YES\" # Set to NO to disable starting of any jails\n" @@ -41659,14 +41646,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:28141 +#: book.translate.xml:28160 msgid "" "Jail names in jail_list should contain alphanumeric " "characters only." msgstr "在 jail_list 中的 Jail 名稱只允許使用英數字元。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28147 +#: book.translate.xml:28166 msgid "" "For each jail listed in jail_list, a group of " "rc.conf5 設定來描述指定的 Jail：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28151 +#: book.translate.xml:28170 #, no-wrap msgid "" "jail_www_rootdir=\"/usr/jail/www\" # jail's root directory\n" @@ -41688,7 +41675,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28156 +#: book.translate.xml:28175 msgid "" "The default startup of jails configured in rc." "conf5, will run the " @@ -41705,7 +41692,7 @@ "修改預設啟動的指令。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:28165 +#: book.translate.xml:28184 msgid "" "For a full list of available options, please see the " "rc.conf55 操作手冊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28171 +#: book.translate.xml:28190 msgid "" "service8 can be used to start or stop a jail by hand, if an " @@ -41726,7 +41713,7 @@ "manvolnum> 來啟動或停止 Jail：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28175 +#: book.translate.xml:28194 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service jail start www\n" @@ -41734,7 +41721,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28178 +#: book.translate.xml:28197 msgid "" "Jails can be shut down with jexec8. Use " @@ -41751,7 +41738,7 @@ "citerefentry> 在該 Jail 中執行關機 Script。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28182 +#: book.translate.xml:28201 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# jls\n" @@ -41761,7 +41748,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28187 +#: book.translate.xml:28206 msgid "" "More information about this can be found in the " "jail88 操作手冊取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:28192 +#: book.translate.xml:28211 msgid "Fine Tuning and Administration" msgstr "調校與管理" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28194 +#: book.translate.xml:28213 msgid "" "There are several options which can be set for any jail, and various ways of " "combining a host FreeBSD system with jails, to produce higher level " @@ -41786,14 +41773,14 @@ "的方法來提供更高層級的應用程式使用。 本節將介紹：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28201 +#: book.translate.xml:28220 msgid "" "Some of the options available for tuning the behavior and security " "restrictions implemented by a jail installation." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28207 +#: book.translate.xml:28226 msgid "" "Some of the high-level applications for jail management, which are available " "through the FreeBSD Ports Collection, and can be used to implement overall " @@ -41801,12 +41788,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28215 +#: book.translate.xml:28234 msgid "System Tools for Jail Tuning in FreeBSD" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 中調校 Jail 的系統工具" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28217 +#: book.translate.xml:28236 msgid "" "Fine tuning of a jail's configuration is mostly done by setting " "sysctl8security.jail.set_hostname_allowed: 1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28234 +#: book.translate.xml:28253 msgid "security.jail.socket_unixiproute_only: 1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28239 +#: book.translate.xml:28258 msgid "security.jail.sysvipc_allowed: 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28244 +#: book.translate.xml:28263 msgid "security.jail.enforce_statfs: 2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28249 +#: book.translate.xml:28268 msgid "security.jail.allow_raw_sockets: 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28254 +#: book.translate.xml:28273 msgid "security.jail.chflags_allowed: 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28259 +#: book.translate.xml:28278 msgid "security.jail.jailed: 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28263 +#: book.translate.xml:28282 msgid "" "These variables can be used by the system administrator of the " "host system to add or remove some of the limitations " @@ -41874,7 +41861,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28275 +#: book.translate.xml:28294 msgid "" "The base system of FreeBSD contains a basic set of tools for viewing " "information about the active jails, and attaching to a jail to run " @@ -41886,14 +41873,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28283 +#: book.translate.xml:28302 msgid "" "Print a list of active jails and their corresponding jail identifier " "(JID), IP address, hostname and path." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28289 +#: book.translate.xml:28308 msgid "" "Attach to a running jail, from its host system, and run a command inside the " "jail or perform administrative tasks inside the jail itself. This is " @@ -41905,18 +41892,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28297 +#: book.translate.xml:28316 #, no-wrap msgid "# jexec 1 tcsh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28303 +#: book.translate.xml:28322 msgid "High-Level Administrative Tools in the FreeBSD Ports Collection" msgstr "在 FreeBSD Port 套件集中的高層級管理工具" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28306 +#: book.translate.xml:28325 msgid "" "Among the many third-party utilities for jail administration, one of the " "most complete and useful is sysutils/ezjail. It is a set " @@ -41928,12 +41915,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28316 +#: book.translate.xml:28335 msgid "Keeping Jails Patched and up to Date" msgstr "持續 Jail 的修補與更新" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28318 +#: book.translate.xml:28337 msgid "" "Jails should be kept up to date from the host operating system as attempting " "to patch userland from within the jail may likely fail as the default " @@ -41947,7 +41934,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28327 +#: book.translate.xml:28346 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# freebsd-update -b /here/is/the/jail fetch\n" @@ -41955,33 +41942,33 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:28334 +#: book.translate.xml:28353 msgid "Updating Multiple Jails" msgstr "更新多個 Jail" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:28337 book.translate.xml:34759 book.translate.xml:35094 +#: book.translate.xml:28356 book.translate.xml:34779 book.translate.xml:35114 msgid "" " Daniel Gerzo Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:28346 +#: book.translate.xml:28365 msgid "" " Simon L. B. Nielsen Based upon an idea presented by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:28355 +#: book.translate.xml:28374 msgid "" " Ken Tom " "And an article written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28365 +#: book.translate.xml:28384 msgid "" "The management of multiple jails can become problematic because every jail " "has to be rebuilt from scratch whenever it is upgraded. This can be time " @@ -41989,7 +41976,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28370 +#: book.translate.xml:28389 msgid "" "This section demonstrates one method to resolve this issue by safely sharing " "as much as is possible between jails using read-only " @@ -42001,7 +41988,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:28380 +#: book.translate.xml:28399 msgid "" "Simpler solutions exist, such as ezjail, which " "provides an easier method of administering FreeBSD jails but is less " @@ -42010,46 +41997,46 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28387 +#: book.translate.xml:28406 msgid "The goals of the setup described in this section are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28391 +#: book.translate.xml:28410 msgid "" "Create a simple and easy to understand jail structure that does not require " "running a full installworld on each and every jail." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28397 +#: book.translate.xml:28416 msgid "Make it easy to add new jails or remove existing ones." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28402 +#: book.translate.xml:28421 msgid "Make it easy to update or upgrade existing jails." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28406 +#: book.translate.xml:28425 msgid "Make it possible to run a customized FreeBSD branch." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28410 +#: book.translate.xml:28429 msgid "" "Be paranoid about security, reducing as much as possible the possibility of " "compromise." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28415 +#: book.translate.xml:28434 msgid "Save space and inodes, as much as possible." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28419 +#: book.translate.xml:28438 msgid "" "This design relies on a single, read-only master template which is mounted " "into each jail and one read-write device per jail. A device can be a " @@ -42058,68 +42045,68 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28425 +#: book.translate.xml:28444 msgid "The file system layout is as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28429 +#: book.translate.xml:28448 msgid "The jails are based under the /home partition." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28434 +#: book.translate.xml:28453 msgid "" "Each jail will be mounted under the /home/j directory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28439 +#: book.translate.xml:28458 msgid "" "The template for each jail and the read-only partition for all of the jails " "is /home/j/mroot." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28445 +#: book.translate.xml:28464 msgid "" "A blank directory will be created for each jail under the /home/j directory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28450 +#: book.translate.xml:28469 msgid "" "Each jail will have a /s directory that will be linked " "to the read-write portion of the system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28456 +#: book.translate.xml:28475 msgid "" "Each jail will have its own read-write system that is based upon /" "home/j/skel." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:28461 +#: book.translate.xml:28480 msgid "" "The read-write portion of each jail will be created in /home/js." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28469 +#: book.translate.xml:28488 msgid "Creating the Template" msgstr "建立範本" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28471 +#: book.translate.xml:28490 msgid "This section describes the steps needed to create the master template." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28474 +#: book.translate.xml:28493 msgid "" "It is recommended to first update the host FreeBSD system to the latest -" "RELEASE branch using the instructions in . " @@ -42129,7 +42116,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28482 +#: book.translate.xml:28501 msgid "" "First, create a directory structure for the read-only file system which will " "contain the FreeBSD binaries for the jails. Then, change directory to the " @@ -42138,7 +42125,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28488 +#: book.translate.xml:28507 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /home/j /home/j/mroot\n" @@ -42147,14 +42134,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28494 +#: book.translate.xml:28513 msgid "" "Next, prepare a FreeBSD Ports Collection for the jails as well as a FreeBSD " "source tree, which is required for mergemaster:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28498 +#: book.translate.xml:28517 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /home/j/mroot\n" @@ -42164,12 +42151,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28505 +#: book.translate.xml:28524 msgid "Create a skeleton for the read-write portion of the system:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28508 +#: book.translate.xml:28527 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /home/j/skel /home/j/skel/home /home/j/skel/usr-X11R6 /home/j/skel/distfiles\n" @@ -42181,7 +42168,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28517 +#: book.translate.xml:28536 msgid "" "Use mergemaster to install missing configuration " "files. Then, remove the extra directories that mergemaster# mergemaster -t /home/j/skel/var/tmp/temproot -D /home/j/skel -i\n" @@ -42198,7 +42185,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28528 +#: book.translate.xml:28547 msgid "" "Now, symlink the read-write file system to the read-only file system. Ensure " "that the symlinks are created in the correct s/ " @@ -42207,7 +42194,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28534 +#: book.translate.xml:28553 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /home/j/mroot\n" @@ -42223,20 +42210,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28547 +#: book.translate.xml:28566 msgid "" "As a last step, create a generic /home/j/skel/etc/make.conf containing this line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28551 +#: book.translate.xml:28570 #, no-wrap msgid "WRKDIRPREFIX?= /s/portbuild" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28553 +#: book.translate.xml:28572 msgid "" "This makes it possible to compile FreeBSD ports inside each jail. Remember " "that the ports directory is part of the read-only system. The custom path " @@ -42245,12 +42232,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28563 +#: book.translate.xml:28582 msgid "Creating Jails" msgstr "建立 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28565 +#: book.translate.xml:28584 msgid "" "The jail template can now be used to setup and configure the jails in " "/etc/rc.conf. This example demonstrates the creation of " @@ -42259,7 +42246,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28572 +#: book.translate.xml:28591 msgid "" "Add the following lines to /etc/fstab, so that the read-" "only template for the jails and the read-write space will be available in " @@ -42267,7 +42254,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28577 +#: book.translate.xml:28596 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/home/j/mroot /home/j/ns nullfs ro 0 0\n" @@ -42279,7 +42266,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28584 +#: book.translate.xml:28603 msgid "" "To prevent fsck from checking " "nullfs mounts during boot and dump/etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28596 +#: book.translate.xml:28615 #, no-wrap msgid "" "jail_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -42314,7 +42301,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28612 +#: book.translate.xml:28631 msgid "" "The jail_name_rootdir variable " "is set to /usr/home instead of /home# mkdir /home/j/ns /home/j/mail /home/j/www" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28633 +#: book.translate.xml:28652 msgid "" "Install the read-write template into each jail using sysutils/" "cpdup:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28640 +#: book.translate.xml:28659 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /home/js\n" @@ -42355,14 +42342,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28647 +#: book.translate.xml:28666 msgid "" "In this phase, the jails are built and prepared to run. First, mount the " "required file systems for each jail, and then start them:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28651 book.translate.xml:28760 +#: book.translate.xml:28670 book.translate.xml:28779 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mount -a\n" @@ -42370,14 +42357,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28656 +#: book.translate.xml:28675 msgid "" "The jails should be running now. To check if they have started correctly, " "use jls. Its output should be similar to the following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28660 +#: book.translate.xml:28679 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# jls\n" @@ -42388,7 +42375,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28666 +#: book.translate.xml:28685 msgid "" "At this point, it should be possible to log onto each jail, add new users, " "or configure daemons. The JID column indicates the jail " @@ -42398,18 +42385,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28673 +#: book.translate.xml:28692 #, no-wrap msgid "# jexec 3 tcsh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28677 +#: book.translate.xml:28696 msgid "Upgrading" msgstr "升級" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28679 +#: book.translate.xml:28698 msgid "" "The design of this setup provides an easy way to upgrade existing jails " "while minimizing their downtime. Also, it provides a way to roll back to the " @@ -42417,14 +42404,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28686 +#: book.translate.xml:28705 msgid "" "The first step is to upgrade the host system. Then, create a new temporary " "read-only template in /home/j/mroot2." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28690 +#: book.translate.xml:28709 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /home/j/mroot2\n" @@ -42436,19 +42423,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:28697 book.translate.xml:28908 +#: book.translate.xml:28716 book.translate.xml:28927 msgid "installworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28697 +#: book.translate.xml:28716 msgid "" "The <_:buildtarget-1/> creates a few unnecessary directories, which should " "be removed:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28701 +#: book.translate.xml:28720 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chflags -R 0 var\n" @@ -42456,12 +42443,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28706 +#: book.translate.xml:28725 msgid "Recreate the read-write symlinks for the master file system:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28709 +#: book.translate.xml:28728 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ln -s s/etc etc\n" @@ -42474,25 +42461,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28719 +#: book.translate.xml:28738 msgid "Next, stop the jails:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28721 +#: book.translate.xml:28740 #, no-wrap msgid "# service jail stop" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28725 +#: book.translate.xml:28744 msgid "" "Unmount the original file systems as the read-write systems are attached to " "the read-only system (/s):" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28732 +#: book.translate.xml:28751 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# umount /home/j/ns/s\n" @@ -42504,7 +42491,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28741 +#: book.translate.xml:28760 msgid "" "Move the old read-only file system and replace it with the new one. This " "will serve as a backup and archive of the old read-only file system should " @@ -42514,7 +42501,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28749 +#: book.translate.xml:28768 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /home/j\n" @@ -42524,14 +42511,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28756 +#: book.translate.xml:28775 msgid "" "At this point the new read-only template is ready, so the only remaining " "task is to remount the file systems and start the jails:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28765 +#: book.translate.xml:28784 msgid "" "Use jls to check if the jails started correctly. Run " "mergemaster in each jail to update the configuration " @@ -42539,12 +42526,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:28773 +#: book.translate.xml:28792 msgid "Managing Jails with ezjail" msgstr "使用 ezjail 管理 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28786 +#: book.translate.xml:28805 msgid "" "Creating and managing multiple jails can quickly become tedious and error-" "prone. Dirk Engling's ezjail automates and " @@ -42558,7 +42545,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:28797 +#: book.translate.xml:28816 msgid "" "Additional benefits and features are described in detail on the " "ezjail web site, ezjail" msgstr "安裝 ezjail" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28803 +#: book.translate.xml:28822 msgid "" "Installing ezjail consists of adding a loopback " "interface for use in jails, installing the port or package, and enabling the " @@ -42579,7 +42566,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28809 +#: book.translate.xml:28828 msgid "" "To keep jail loopback traffic off the host's loopback network interface " "lo0, a second loopback interface is created by adding an " @@ -42588,13 +42575,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28814 book.translate.xml:29303 +#: book.translate.xml:28833 book.translate.xml:29322 #, no-wrap msgid "cloned_interfaces=\"lo1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28816 +#: book.translate.xml:28835 msgid "" "The second loopback interface lo1 will be created when " "the system starts. It can also be created manually without a restart:" @@ -42602,7 +42589,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: step/screen #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28820 book.translate.xml:29307 +#: book.translate.xml:28839 book.translate.xml:29326 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service netif cloneup\n" @@ -42610,14 +42597,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28823 +#: book.translate.xml:28842 msgid "" "Jails can be allowed to use aliases of this secondary loopback interface " "without interfering with the host." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28827 +#: book.translate.xml:28846 msgid "" "Inside a jail, access to the loopback address 127.0.0.1 is redirected to the first IP " @@ -42628,7 +42615,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28836 +#: book.translate.xml:28855 msgid "" "Give each jail a unique loopback address in the 127.0.0.0/8 " @@ -42636,12 +42623,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28841 +#: book.translate.xml:28860 msgid "Install sysutils/ezjail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28844 +#: book.translate.xml:28863 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/ezjail\n" @@ -42649,33 +42636,33 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28849 +#: book.translate.xml:28868 msgid "" "Enable ezjail by adding this line to /" "etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28852 +#: book.translate.xml:28871 #, no-wrap msgid "ezjail_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28856 +#: book.translate.xml:28875 msgid "" "The service will automatically start on system boot. It can be started " "immediately for the current session:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28860 +#: book.translate.xml:28879 #, no-wrap msgid "# service ezjail start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28868 +#: book.translate.xml:28887 msgid "" "With ezjail installed, the basejail directory " "structure can be created and populated. This step is only needed once on the " @@ -42683,7 +42670,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28873 +#: book.translate.xml:28892 msgid "" "In both of these examples, causes the ports tree to be " "retrieved with portsnapinstall. For example, on a host computer " @@ -42710,30 +42697,30 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28894 +#: book.translate.xml:28913 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin install -p" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:28898 +#: book.translate.xml:28917 msgid "To Populate the Jail with installworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:28902 book.translate.xml:45547 book.translate.xml:45614 +#: book.translate.xml:28921 book.translate.xml:45932 book.translate.xml:45999 msgid "buildworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28901 +#: book.translate.xml:28920 msgid "" "The basejail can be installed from binaries created by <_:buildtarget-1/> on " "the host with ezjail-admin update." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28906 +#: book.translate.xml:28925 msgid "" "In this example, FreeBSD 10-STABLE has been built from source. The jail " "directories are created. Then <_:buildtarget-1/> is executed, installing the " @@ -42741,13 +42728,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28913 +#: book.translate.xml:28932 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin update -i -p" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28915 +#: book.translate.xml:28934 msgid "" "The host's /usr/src is used by default. A different " "source directory on the host can be specified with and a " @@ -42756,7 +42743,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28926 +#: book.translate.xml:28945 msgid "" "The basejail's ports tree is shared by other jails. However, downloaded " "distfiles are stored in the jail that downloaded them. By default, these " @@ -42766,7 +42753,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28935 +#: book.translate.xml:28954 msgid "" "The FTP protocol is used by default to download packages " "for the installation of the basejail. Firewall or proxy configurations can " @@ -42778,23 +42765,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:28944 +#: book.translate.xml:28963 #, no-wrap msgid "ezjail_ftphost=http://ftp.FreeBSD.org" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28946 +#: book.translate.xml:28965 msgid "See for a list of sites." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:28952 +#: book.translate.xml:28971 msgid "Creating and Starting a New Jail" msgstr "建立並啟動新的 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:28954 +#: book.translate.xml:28973 msgid "" "New jails are created with ezjail-admin create. In these " "examples, the lo1 loopback interface is used as described " @@ -42802,12 +42789,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:28960 +#: book.translate.xml:28979 msgid "Create and Start a New Jail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28963 +#: book.translate.xml:28982 msgid "" "Create the jail, specifying a name and the loopback and network interfaces " "to use, along with their IP addresses. In this example, " @@ -42815,13 +42802,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28968 +#: book.translate.xml:28987 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin create dnsjail 'lo1|127.0.1.1,em0|192.168.1.50'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28971 +#: book.translate.xml:28990 msgid "" "Most network services run in jails without problems. A few network services, " "most notably ping8pingjailname_parameters=\"allow.raw_sockets=1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:28991 +#: book.translate.xml:29010 msgid "" "Do not enable raw network sockets unless services in the jail actually " "require them." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:28997 +#: book.translate.xml:29016 msgid "Start the jail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:28999 +#: book.translate.xml:29018 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin start dnsjail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:29003 +#: book.translate.xml:29022 msgid "Use a console on the jail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29005 +#: book.translate.xml:29024 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin console dnsjail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:29009 +#: book.translate.xml:29028 msgid "" "The jail is operating and additional configuration can be completed. Typical " "settings added at this point include:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:29015 +#: book.translate.xml:29034 msgid "Set the root Password" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:29019 +#: book.translate.xml:29038 msgid "" "Connect to the jail and set the root user's password:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29023 +#: book.translate.xml:29042 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ezjail-admin console dnsjail\n" @@ -42909,12 +42896,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:29031 +#: book.translate.xml:29050 msgid "Time Zone Configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:29033 +#: book.translate.xml:29052 msgid "" "The jail's time zone can be set with tzsetup8. To avoid spurious " @@ -42926,36 +42913,36 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:29042 +#: book.translate.xml:29061 msgid "DNS Servers" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:29044 +#: book.translate.xml:29063 msgid "" "Enter domain name server lines in /etc/resolv.conf so " "DNS works in the jail." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:29050 +#: book.translate.xml:29069 msgid "Edit /etc/hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:29052 +#: book.translate.xml:29071 msgid "" "Change the address and add the jail name to the localhost " "entries in /etc/hosts." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:29058 +#: book.translate.xml:29077 msgid "Configure /etc/rc.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:29060 +#: book.translate.xml:29079 msgid "" "Enter configuration settings in /etc/rc.conf. This is " "much like configuring a full computer. The host name and IP# ezjail-admin update -b" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29099 +#: book.translate.xml:29118 msgid "" "If the world has already been compiled on the host, install it in the " "basejail with:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29102 +#: book.translate.xml:29121 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin update -i" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29104 +#: book.translate.xml:29123 msgid "" "Binary updates use freebsd-update8. These updates have " @@ -43036,20 +43023,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29110 +#: book.translate.xml:29129 msgid "" "Update the basejail to the latest patched release of the version of FreeBSD " "on the host. For example, updating from RELEASE-p1 to RELEASE-p2." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29114 +#: book.translate.xml:29133 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin update -u" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29116 +#: book.translate.xml:29135 msgid "" "To upgrade the basejail to a new version, first upgrade the host system as " "described in . Once the host has " @@ -43063,7 +43050,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29124 +#: book.translate.xml:29143 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# file /usr/jails/basejail/bin/sh\n" @@ -43071,20 +43058,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29127 +#: book.translate.xml:29146 msgid "" "Now use this information to perform the upgrade from 9.3-RELEASE to the current version of the host system:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29131 +#: book.translate.xml:29150 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin update -U -s 9.3-RELEASE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29133 +#: book.translate.xml:29152 msgid "" "After updating the basejail, mergemaster8 must be run to update " @@ -43092,7 +43079,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29136 +#: book.translate.xml:29155 msgid "" "How to use mergemaster8 depends on the purpose " @@ -43103,7 +43090,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:29142 +#: book.translate.xml:29161 msgid "" "mergemaster8 on Untrusted Jail" @@ -43112,7 +43099,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29144 +#: book.translate.xml:29163 msgid "" "Delete the link from the jail's /usr/src into the " "basejail and create a new /usr/src in the jail as a " @@ -43121,7 +43108,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29151 +#: book.translate.xml:29170 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# rm /usr/jails/jailname/usr/src\n" @@ -43130,25 +43117,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29155 +#: book.translate.xml:29174 msgid "Get a console in the jail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29157 +#: book.translate.xml:29176 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin console jailname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29159 +#: book.translate.xml:29178 msgid "" "Inside the jail, run mergemaster. Then exit the jail " "console:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29162 +#: book.translate.xml:29181 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -43157,18 +43144,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29166 +#: book.translate.xml:29185 msgid "Finally, unmount the jail's /usr/src:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29169 +#: book.translate.xml:29188 #, no-wrap msgid "# umount /usr/jails/jailname/usr/src" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:29174 +#: book.translate.xml:29193 msgid "" "mergemaster8 on Trusted Jail" @@ -43177,7 +43164,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29176 +#: book.translate.xml:29195 msgid "" "If the users and services in a jail are trusted, " "mergemaster8# mergemaster -U -D /usr/jails/jailname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:29184 +#: book.translate.xml:29203 msgid "Updating Ports" msgstr "更新 Port" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29186 +#: book.translate.xml:29205 msgid "" "The ports tree in the basejail is shared by the other jails. Updating that " "copy of the ports tree gives the other jails the updated version also." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29190 +#: book.translate.xml:29209 msgid "" "The basejail ports tree is updated with " "portsnap8# ezjail-admin update -P" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:29198 +#: book.translate.xml:29217 msgid "Controlling Jails" msgstr "控制 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:29201 +#: book.translate.xml:29220 msgid "Stopping and Starting Jails" msgstr "停止與啟動 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29203 +#: book.translate.xml:29222 msgid "" "ezjail automatically starts jails when the " "computer is started. Jails can be manually stopped and restarted with " @@ -43235,7 +43222,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29208 +#: book.translate.xml:29227 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ezjail-admin stop sambajail\n" @@ -43243,43 +43230,43 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29211 +#: book.translate.xml:29230 msgid "" "By default, jails are started automatically when the host computer starts. " "Autostarting can be disabled with config:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29215 +#: book.translate.xml:29234 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin config -r norun seldomjail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29217 +#: book.translate.xml:29236 msgid "" "This takes effect the next time the host computer is started. A jail that is " "already running will not be stopped." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29221 +#: book.translate.xml:29240 msgid "Enabling autostart is very similar:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29223 +#: book.translate.xml:29242 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin config -r run oftenjail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:29227 +#: book.translate.xml:29246 msgid "Archiving and Restoring Jails" msgstr "封存與還原 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29229 +#: book.translate.xml:29248 msgid "" "Use archive to create a .tar.gz " "archive of a jail. The file name is composed from the name of the jail and " @@ -43290,7 +43277,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29238 +#: book.translate.xml:29257 msgid "" "The archive file can be copied elsewhere as a backup, or an existing jail " "can be restored from it with restore. A new jail can be " @@ -43298,12 +43285,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29244 +#: book.translate.xml:29263 msgid "Stop and archive a jail named wwwserver:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29247 +#: book.translate.xml:29266 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ezjail-admin stop wwwserver\n" @@ -43314,7 +43301,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:29253 +#: book.translate.xml:29272 msgid "" "Create a new jail named wwwserver-clone from the archive " "created in the previous step. Use the em1 interface and " @@ -43323,18 +43310,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29259 +#: book.translate.xml:29278 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin create -a /usr/jails/ezjail_archives/wwwserver-201407271153.13.tar.gz wwwserver-clone 'lo1|127.0.3.1,em1|192.168.1.51'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:29264 +#: book.translate.xml:29283 msgid "Full Example: BIND in a Jail" msgstr "完整範例：在 Jail 中安裝 BIND" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:29267 +#: book.translate.xml:29286 msgid "" "Putting the BIND DNS server in " "a jail improves security by isolating it. This example creates a simple " @@ -43342,68 +43329,68 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29274 +#: book.translate.xml:29293 msgid "The jail will be called dns1." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29279 +#: book.translate.xml:29298 msgid "" "The jail will use IP address 192.168.1.240 on the host's re0 interface." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29285 +#: book.translate.xml:29304 msgid "" "The upstream ISP's DNS servers are at 10.0.0.62 and 10.0.0.61." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29291 +#: book.translate.xml:29310 msgid "" "The basejail has already been created and a ports tree installed as shown in " "." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:29298 +#: book.translate.xml:29317 msgid "Running BIND in a Jail" msgstr "在 Jail 中執行 BIND" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29300 +#: book.translate.xml:29319 msgid "" "Create a cloned loopback interface by adding a line to /etc/rc." "conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29305 +#: book.translate.xml:29324 msgid "Immediately create the new loopback interface:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29310 +#: book.translate.xml:29329 msgid "Create the jail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29312 +#: book.translate.xml:29331 #, no-wrap msgid "# ezjail-admin create dns1 'lo1|127.0.2.1,re0|192.168.1.240'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29314 +#: book.translate.xml:29333 msgid "" "Start the jail, connect to a console running on it, and perform some basic " "configuration:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29317 +#: book.translate.xml:29336 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ezjail-admin start dns1\n" @@ -43418,14 +43405,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29327 +#: book.translate.xml:29346 msgid "" "Temporarily set the upstream DNS servers in /" "etc/resolv.conf so ports can be downloaded:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29331 +#: book.translate.xml:29350 #, no-wrap msgid "" "nameserver 10.0.0.62\n" @@ -43433,27 +43420,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29334 +#: book.translate.xml:29353 msgid "" "Still using the jail console, install dns/bind99." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29337 +#: book.translate.xml:29356 #, no-wrap msgid "# make -C /usr/ports/dns/bind99 install clean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29339 +#: book.translate.xml:29358 msgid "" "Configure the name server by editing /usr/local/etc/namedb/named." "conf." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29342 +#: book.translate.xml:29361 msgid "" "Create an Access Control List (ACL) of addresses and " "networks that are permitted to send DNS queries to this " @@ -43462,7 +43449,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29348 +#: book.translate.xml:29367 #, no-wrap msgid "" "...\n" @@ -43479,7 +43466,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29360 +#: book.translate.xml:29379 msgid "" "Use the jail IP address in the listen-on setting to accept DNS queries from other " @@ -43487,13 +43474,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29365 +#: book.translate.xml:29384 #, no-wrap msgid "\tlisten-on\t{ 192.168.1.240; };" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29367 +#: book.translate.xml:29386 msgid "" "A simple caching-only DNS name server is created by " "changing the forwarders section. The original file " @@ -43501,7 +43488,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29371 +#: book.translate.xml:29390 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/*\n" @@ -43512,7 +43499,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29377 +#: book.translate.xml:29396 msgid "" "Uncomment the section by removing the /* and */ lines. Enter the IP addresses of the upstream " @@ -43522,7 +43509,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29385 +#: book.translate.xml:29404 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\tforwarders {\n" @@ -43536,24 +43523,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29394 +#: book.translate.xml:29413 msgid "Enable the service in /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29397 book.translate.xml:55255 +#: book.translate.xml:29416 book.translate.xml:55640 #, no-wrap msgid "named_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29399 +#: book.translate.xml:29418 msgid "Start and test the name server:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29401 +#: book.translate.xml:29420 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service named start\n" @@ -43563,31 +43550,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29406 +#: book.translate.xml:29425 msgid "A response that includes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29408 +#: book.translate.xml:29427 #, no-wrap msgid ";; Got answer;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29410 +#: book.translate.xml:29429 msgid "" "shows that the new DNS server is working. A long delay " "followed by a response including" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29414 +#: book.translate.xml:29433 #, no-wrap msgid ";; connection timed out; no servers could be reached" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29416 +#: book.translate.xml:29435 msgid "" "shows a problem. Check the configuration settings and make sure any local " "firewalls allow the new DNS access to the upstream " @@ -43595,7 +43582,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29421 +#: book.translate.xml:29440 msgid "" "The new DNS server can use itself for local name " "resolution, just like other local computers. Set the address of the " @@ -43604,13 +43591,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:29427 +#: book.translate.xml:29446 #, no-wrap msgid "nameserver 192.168.1.240" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:29429 +#: book.translate.xml:29448 msgid "" "A local DHCP server can be configured to provide this " "address for a local DNS server, providing automatic " @@ -43619,22 +43606,22 @@ #. (itstool) path: info/title #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm -#: book.translate.xml:29445 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:29464 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Mandatory Access Control" msgstr "強制存取控制 (MAC)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:29456 +#: book.translate.xml:29475 msgid "MAC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:29457 +#: book.translate.xml:29476 msgid "Mandatory Access Control MAC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29462 +#: book.translate.xml:29481 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports security extensions based on the POSIX.1e draft. These security mechanisms include " @@ -43651,7 +43638,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29477 +#: book.translate.xml:29496 msgid "" "This chapter focuses on the MAC framework and the set of " "pluggable security policy modules FreeBSD provides for enabling various " @@ -43659,54 +43646,54 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29485 +#: book.translate.xml:29504 msgid "The terminology associated with the MAC framework." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29490 +#: book.translate.xml:29509 msgid "" "The capabilities of MAC security policy modules as well " "as the difference between a labeled and non-labeled policy." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29496 +#: book.translate.xml:29515 msgid "" "The considerations to take into account before configuring a system to use " "the MAC framework." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29501 +#: book.translate.xml:29520 msgid "" "Which MAC security policy modules are included in FreeBSD " "and how to configure them." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29506 +#: book.translate.xml:29525 msgid "" "How to implement a more secure environment using the MAC " "framework." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29511 +#: book.translate.xml:29530 msgid "" "How to test the MAC configuration to ensure the framework " "has been properly implemented." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29525 book.translate.xml:31278 book.translate.xml:45896 +#: book.translate.xml:29544 book.translate.xml:31297 book.translate.xml:46281 msgid "" "Have some familiarity with security and how it pertains to FreeBSD ()." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:29531 +#: book.translate.xml:29550 msgid "" "Improper MAC configuration may cause loss of system " "access, aggravation of users, or inability to access the features provided " @@ -43718,7 +43705,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:29541 +#: book.translate.xml:29560 msgid "" "The examples contained within this chapter are for demonstration purposes " "and the example settings should not be implemented on a " @@ -43727,7 +43714,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29548 +#: book.translate.xml:29567 msgid "" "While this chapter covers a broad range of security issues relating to the " "MAC framework, the development of new MACMAC framework:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29568 +#: book.translate.xml:29587 msgid "" "compartment: a set of programs and data to be " "partitioned or separated, where users are given explicit access to specific " @@ -43765,7 +43752,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29578 +#: book.translate.xml:29597 msgid "" "integrity: the level of trust which can be placed on " "data. As the integrity of the data is elevated, so does the ability to trust " @@ -43773,7 +43760,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29584 +#: book.translate.xml:29603 msgid "" "level: the increased or decreased setting of a security " "attribute. As the level increases, its security is considered to elevate as " @@ -43781,7 +43768,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29590 +#: book.translate.xml:29609 msgid "" "label: a security attribute which can be applied to " "files, directories, or other items in the system. It could be considered a " @@ -43794,7 +43781,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29604 +#: book.translate.xml:29623 msgid "" "multilabel: this property is a file system option which " "can be set in single-user mode using tunefssingle label: a policy where the entire file system " "uses one label to enforce access control over the flow of data. Whenever " @@ -43816,7 +43803,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29622 +#: book.translate.xml:29641 msgid "" "object: an entity through which information flows under " "the direction of a subject. This includes directories, " @@ -43826,7 +43813,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29632 +#: book.translate.xml:29651 msgid "" "subject: any active entity that causes information to " "flow between objects such as a user, user process, or " @@ -43835,7 +43822,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29640 +#: book.translate.xml:29659 msgid "" "policy: a collection of rules which defines how " "objectives are to be achieved. A policy usually documents how certain items " @@ -43845,7 +43832,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29649 +#: book.translate.xml:29668 msgid "" "high-watermark: this type of policy permits the raising " "of security levels for the purpose of accessing higher level information. In " @@ -43855,7 +43842,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29658 +#: book.translate.xml:29677 msgid "" "low-watermark: this type of policy permits lowering " "security levels for the purpose of accessing information which is less " @@ -43866,7 +43853,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:29667 +#: book.translate.xml:29686 msgid "" "sensitivity: usually used when discussing Multilevel " "Security (MLS). A sensitivity level describes how " @@ -43875,12 +43862,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:29678 +#: book.translate.xml:29697 msgid "Understanding MAC Labels" msgstr "了解 MAC 標籤" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29680 +#: book.translate.xml:29699 msgid "" "A MAC label is a security attribute which may be applied " "to subjects and objects throughout the system. When setting a label, the " @@ -43891,7 +43878,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29688 +#: book.translate.xml:29707 msgid "" "The security label on an object is used as a part of a security access " "control decision by a policy. With some policies, the label contains all of " @@ -43900,7 +43887,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29694 +#: book.translate.xml:29713 msgid "" "There are two types of label policies: single label and multi label. By " "default, the system will use single label. The administrator should be aware " @@ -43909,7 +43896,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29700 +#: book.translate.xml:29719 msgid "" "A single label security policy only permits one label to be used for every " "subject or object. Since a single label policy enforces one set of access " @@ -43920,7 +43907,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29708 +#: book.translate.xml:29727 msgid "" "A single label policy is somewhat similar to DAC as " "root configures the policies so " @@ -43932,7 +43919,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29717 +#: book.translate.xml:29736 msgid "" "When appropriate, a multi label policy can be set on a UFS file system by passing to " @@ -43947,7 +43934,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29729 +#: book.translate.xml:29748 msgid "" "Using a multi label policy on a partition and establishing a multi label " "security model can increase administrative overhead as everything in that " @@ -43956,7 +43943,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:29734 +#: book.translate.xml:29753 msgid "" "The following command will set on the specified " "UFS file system. This may only be done in single-user " @@ -43964,13 +43951,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:29739 +#: book.translate.xml:29758 #, no-wrap msgid "# tunefs -l enable /" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:29742 +#: book.translate.xml:29761 msgid "" "Some users have experienced problems with setting the entry specifies the maximum size for an audit " "trail before automatically terminating and rotating the trail file. A value " @@ -46857,19 +46844,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:31740 +#: book.translate.xml:31759 msgid "" "The field specifies when audit log files will " "expire and be removed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:31745 +#: book.translate.xml:31764 msgid "The audit_user File" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:31747 +#: book.translate.xml:31766 msgid "" "The administrator can specify further audit requirements for specific users " "in audit_user. Each line configures auditing for a user " @@ -46880,7 +46867,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:31755 +#: book.translate.xml:31774 msgid "" "The following example entries audit login/logout events and successful " "command execution for root and " @@ -46893,7 +46880,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31762 +#: book.translate.xml:31781 #, no-wrap msgid "" "root:lo,+ex:no\n" @@ -46901,12 +46888,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:31769 +#: book.translate.xml:31788 msgid "Working with Audit Trails" msgstr "查看稽查線索" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31771 +#: book.translate.xml:31790 msgid "" "Since audit trails are stored in the BSM binary format, " "several built-in tools are available to modify or convert these trails to " @@ -46918,25 +46905,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31781 +#: book.translate.xml:31800 msgid "" "For example, to dump the entire contents of a specified audit log in plain " "text:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31784 +#: book.translate.xml:31803 #, no-wrap msgid "# praudit /var/audit/AUDITFILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31786 +#: book.translate.xml:31805 msgid "Where AUDITFILE is the audit log to dump." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31789 +#: book.translate.xml:31808 msgid "" "Audit trails consist of a series of audit records made up of tokens, which " "praudit prints sequentially, one per line. Each token is " @@ -46946,7 +46933,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31797 +#: book.translate.xml:31816 #, no-wrap msgid "" "header,133,10,execve(2),0,Mon Sep 25 15:58:03 2006, + 384 msec\n" @@ -46959,7 +46946,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31805 +#: book.translate.xml:31824 msgid "" "This audit represents a successful execve call, in which " "the command finger doug has been run. The exec " @@ -46978,14 +46965,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31824 +#: book.translate.xml:31843 msgid "" "XML output format is also supported and can be selected " "by including ." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31827 +#: book.translate.xml:31846 msgid "" "Since audit logs may be very large, a subset of records can be selected " "using auditreduce. This example selects all audit records " @@ -46994,13 +46981,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31833 +#: book.translate.xml:31852 #, no-wrap msgid "# auditreduce -u trhodes /var/audit/AUDITFILE | praudit" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31835 +#: book.translate.xml:31854 msgid "" "Members of the audit group have " "permission to read audit trails in /var/audit. By " @@ -47014,12 +47001,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:31845 +#: book.translate.xml:31864 msgid "Live Monitoring Using Audit Pipes" msgstr "使用 Audit Pipes 即時監視" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31847 +#: book.translate.xml:31866 msgid "" "Audit pipes are cloning pseudo-devices which allow applications to tap the " "live audit record stream. This is primarily of interest to authors of " @@ -47031,13 +47018,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:31856 +#: book.translate.xml:31875 #, no-wrap msgid "# praudit /dev/auditpipe" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31858 +#: book.translate.xml:31877 msgid "" "By default, audit pipe device nodes are accessible only to the root user. To make them accessible to the " @@ -47046,13 +47033,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31864 +#: book.translate.xml:31883 #, no-wrap msgid "add path 'auditpipe*' mode 0440 group audit" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31866 +#: book.translate.xml:31885 msgid "" "See devfs.rules5 for more information on configuring the devfs file " @@ -47060,7 +47047,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:31870 +#: book.translate.xml:31889 msgid "" "It is easy to produce audit event feedback cycles, in which the viewing of " "each audit event results in the generation of more audit events. For " @@ -47073,12 +47060,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:31885 +#: book.translate.xml:31904 msgid "Rotating and Compressing Audit Trail Files" msgstr "翻轉與壓縮 Audit Trail 檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31887 +#: book.translate.xml:31906 msgid "" "Audit trails are written to by the kernel and managed by the audit daemon, " "auditd8# audit -n" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31901 +#: book.translate.xml:31920 msgid "" "If auditd8 is not currently running, this command will fail " @@ -47107,26 +47094,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31904 +#: book.translate.xml:31923 msgid "" "Adding the following line to /etc/crontab will schedule " "this rotation every twelve hours:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31908 +#: book.translate.xml:31927 #, no-wrap msgid "0 */12 * * * root /usr/sbin/audit -n" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31910 +#: book.translate.xml:31929 msgid "" "The change will take effect once /etc/crontab is saved." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31913 +#: book.translate.xml:31932 msgid "" "Automatic rotation of the audit trail file based on file size is possible " "using in audit_control as " @@ -47134,7 +47121,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31917 +#: book.translate.xml:31936 msgid "" "As audit trail files can become very large, it is often desirable to " "compress or otherwise archive trails once they have been closed by the audit " @@ -47146,7 +47133,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:31927 +#: book.translate.xml:31946 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#\n" @@ -47158,7 +47145,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:31934 +#: book.translate.xml:31953 msgid "" "Other archiving activities might include copying trail files to a " "centralized server, deleting old trail files, or reducing the audit trail to " @@ -47168,12 +47155,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:31953 +#: book.translate.xml:31972 msgid "Storage" msgstr "儲存設備" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:31958 +#: book.translate.xml:31977 msgid "" "This chapter covers the use of disks and storage media in FreeBSD. This " "includes SCSI and IDE disks, " @@ -47185,22 +47172,22 @@ "acronym> 媒體、記憶體磁碟及 USB 儲存裝置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31968 +#: book.translate.xml:31987 msgid "How to add additional hard disks to a FreeBSD system." msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 系統加入額外的硬碟。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31973 +#: book.translate.xml:31992 msgid "How to grow the size of a disk's partition on FreeBSD." msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 擴增磁碟分割區的大小。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31978 +#: book.translate.xml:31997 msgid "How to configure FreeBSD to use USB storage devices." msgstr "如何設定 FreeBSD 使用 USB 儲存裝置。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31983 +#: book.translate.xml:32002 msgid "" "How to use CD and DVD media on a " "FreeBSD system." @@ -47209,37 +47196,37 @@ "體。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31988 +#: book.translate.xml:32007 msgid "How to use the backup programs available under FreeBSD." msgstr "如何使用在 FreeBSD 下可用的備份程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31993 +#: book.translate.xml:32012 msgid "How to set up memory disks." msgstr "如何設定記憶體磁碟。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:31997 +#: book.translate.xml:32016 msgid "What file system snapshots are and how to use them efficiently." msgstr "什麼是檔案系統快照 (Snapshot) 以及如何有效使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:32002 +#: book.translate.xml:32021 msgid "How to use quotas to limit disk space usage." msgstr "如何使用配額 (Quota) 來限制磁碟空間使用量。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:32006 +#: book.translate.xml:32025 msgid "How to encrypt disks and swap to secure them against attackers." msgstr "如何加密磁碟及交換空間來防範攻擊者。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:32011 +#: book.translate.xml:32030 msgid "How to configure a highly available storage network." msgstr "如何設定高可用性 (Highly available) 的儲存網路。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:32020 +#: book.translate.xml:32039 msgid "" "Know how to configure and install a new " "FreeBSD kernel." @@ -47247,24 +47234,24 @@ "了解如何 設定並安裝新的 FreeBSD 核心。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:32028 +#: book.translate.xml:32047 msgid "Adding Disks" msgstr "加入磁碟" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:32031 +#: book.translate.xml:32050 msgid "" " David O'Brien Originally contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32041 +#: book.translate.xml:32060 msgid "disks adding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32046 +#: book.translate.xml:32065 msgid "" "This section describes how to add a new SATA disk to a " "machine that currently only has a single drive. First, turn off the computer " @@ -47277,7 +47264,7 @@ "重新啟動系統並登入 root。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32054 +#: book.translate.xml:32073 msgid "" "Inspect /var/run/dmesg.boot to ensure the new disk was " "found. In this example, the newly added SATA drive will " @@ -47288,12 +47275,12 @@ "碟。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32060 book.translate.xml:32156 +#: book.translate.xml:32079 book.translate.xml:32175 msgid "gpart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32064 +#: book.translate.xml:32083 msgid "" "For this example, a single large partition will be created on the new disk. " "The " @@ -47305,7 +47292,7 @@ "分割表格式而非較舊與通用性較差的 MBR 結構。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32071 +#: book.translate.xml:32090 msgid "" "If the disk to be added is not blank, old partition information can be " "removed with gpart delete. See " @@ -47317,7 +47304,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8 取得詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32077 +#: book.translate.xml:32096 msgid "" "The partition scheme is created, and then a single partition is added. To " "improve performance on newer disks with larger hardware block sizes, the " @@ -47327,7 +47314,7 @@ "塊大小 (Block size)，此分割區會對齊 1 MB 的邊界：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32082 +#: book.translate.xml:32101 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart create -s GPT ada1\n" @@ -47335,7 +47322,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32085 +#: book.translate.xml:32104 msgid "" "Depending on use, several smaller partitions may be desired. See " "gpart8 來取得建立較小分割區的選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32089 +#: book.translate.xml:32108 msgid "" "The disk partition information can be viewed with gpart show:" msgstr "磁碟分割區資訊可以使用 gpart show 檢視：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32092 +#: book.translate.xml:32111 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% gpart show ada1\n" @@ -47364,18 +47351,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32098 +#: book.translate.xml:32117 msgid "A file system is created in the new partition on the new disk:" msgstr "在新磁碟的新分割區上建立檔案系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32100 +#: book.translate.xml:32119 #, no-wrap msgid "# newfs -U /dev/ada1p1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32102 +#: book.translate.xml:32121 msgid "" "An empty directory is created as a mountpoint, a " "location for mounting the new disk in the original disk's file system:" @@ -47384,13 +47371,13 @@ "磁碟的檔案系統上可用來掛載新磁碟的位置：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32106 +#: book.translate.xml:32125 #, no-wrap msgid "# mkdir /newdisk" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32108 +#: book.translate.xml:32127 msgid "" "Finally, an entry is added to /etc/fstab so the new " "disk will be mounted automatically at startup:" @@ -47399,41 +47386,41 @@ "的磁碟：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32112 +#: book.translate.xml:32131 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/ada1p1\t/newdisk\tufs\trw\t2\t2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32114 +#: book.translate.xml:32133 msgid "The new disk can be mounted manually, without restarting the system:" msgstr "新的磁碟也可手動掛載，無須重新啟動系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32117 +#: book.translate.xml:32136 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount /newdisk" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:32122 +#: book.translate.xml:32141 msgid "Resizing and Growing Disks" msgstr "重設大小與擴增磁碟" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:32125 +#: book.translate.xml:32144 msgid "" " Allan Jude Originally contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32135 +#: book.translate.xml:32154 msgid "disks resizing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32140 +#: book.translate.xml:32159 msgid "" "A disk's capacity can increase without any changes to the data already " "present. This happens commonly with virtual machines, when the virtual disk " @@ -47448,7 +47435,7 @@ "emphasis> 磁碟內容來使用增加的容量。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32149 +#: book.translate.xml:32168 msgid "" "Determine the device name of the disk to be resized by inspecting /" "var/run/dmesg.boot. In this example, there is only one " @@ -47460,12 +47447,12 @@ "以 ada0 表示。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32160 +#: book.translate.xml:32179 msgid "List the partitions on the disk to see the current configuration:" msgstr "列出在磁碟上的分割區來查看目前的設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32163 +#: book.translate.xml:32182 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart show ada0\n" @@ -47477,7 +47464,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32171 +#: book.translate.xml:32190 msgid "" "If the disk was formatted with the GPT partitioning " @@ -47491,7 +47478,7 @@ "分割區已不存在於磁碟結尾。 使用 gpart 來修正備份分割區：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32179 +#: book.translate.xml:32198 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart recover ada0\n" @@ -47499,7 +47486,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32183 +#: book.translate.xml:32202 msgid "" "Now the additional space on the disk is available for use by a new " "partition, or an existing partition can be expanded:" @@ -47508,7 +47495,7 @@ "區：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32187 +#: book.translate.xml:32206 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart show ada0\n" @@ -47520,7 +47507,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32194 +#: book.translate.xml:32213 msgid "" "Partitions can only be resized into contiguous free space. Here, the last " "partition on the disk is the swap partition, but the second partition is the " @@ -47533,7 +47520,7 @@ "的資料，所以可以安全的卸載、刪除，然後在重設其他分割區大小之後再重建。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32201 +#: book.translate.xml:32220 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# swapoff /dev/ada0p3\n" @@ -47547,7 +47534,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:32211 +#: book.translate.xml:32230 msgid "" "There is risk of data loss when modifying the partition table of a mounted " "file system. It is best to perform the following steps on an unmounted file " @@ -47561,13 +47548,13 @@ "在掛載的檔案系統上修改分割區表：" #. (itstool) path: warning/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32219 +#: book.translate.xml:32238 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=16" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32222 +#: book.translate.xml:32241 msgid "" "Resize the partition, leaving room to recreate a swap partition of the " "desired size. This only modifies the size of the partition. The file system " @@ -47577,7 +47564,7 @@ "分割區中的檔案系統會在另一個步驟擴增。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32227 +#: book.translate.xml:32246 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart resize -i 2 -a 4k -s 47G ada0\n" @@ -47590,12 +47577,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32235 +#: book.translate.xml:32254 msgid "Recreate the swap partition:" msgstr "重新建立交換分割區：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32237 +#: book.translate.xml:32256 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart add -t freebsd-swap -a 4k ada0\n" @@ -47609,14 +47596,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32246 +#: book.translate.xml:32265 msgid "" "Grow the UFS file system to use the new capacity of the " "resized partition:" msgstr "擴增 UFS 檔案系統來使用重設分割區大小之後的新容量：" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32250 +#: book.translate.xml:32269 msgid "" "Growing a live UFS file system is only possible in " "FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE and later. For earlier versions, the file system must " @@ -47626,7 +47613,7 @@ "檔案系統，較先前的版本必須將檔案系統卸載。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32255 +#: book.translate.xml:32274 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# growfs /dev/ada0p2\n" @@ -47639,24 +47626,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32263 +#: book.translate.xml:32282 msgid "" "Both the partition and the file system on it have now been resized to use " "the newly-available disk space." msgstr "現在分割區與檔案系統已透過重設大小來使用新增加的磁碟空間。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:32269 +#: book.translate.xml:32288 msgid "USB Storage Devices" msgstr "USB 儲存裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32282 +#: book.translate.xml:32301 msgid "USB disks" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32287 +#: book.translate.xml:32306 msgid "" "Many external storage solutions, such as hard drives, USB " "thumbdrives, and CD and DVD burners, " @@ -47669,7 +47656,7 @@ "USB 1.x, 2.0 及 3.0 裝置的支援。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32294 +#: book.translate.xml:32313 msgid "" "USB 3.0 support is not compatible with some hardware, " "including Haswell (Lynx point) chipsets. If FreeBSD boots with a " @@ -47681,7 +47668,7 @@ "在系統 BIOS 關閉 xHCI/USB3。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32301 +#: book.translate.xml:32320 msgid "" "Support for USB storage devices is built into the " "GENERIC kernel. For a custom kernel, be sure that the " @@ -47691,7 +47678,7 @@ "filename> 核心，若為自訂的核心，請確定在核心設定檔中有下列幾行設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32306 +#: book.translate.xml:32325 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device scbus\t# SCSI bus (required for ATA/SCSI)\n" @@ -47707,7 +47694,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32317 +#: book.translate.xml:32336 msgid "" "FreeBSD uses the umass4 driver which uses the " @@ -47726,7 +47713,7 @@ "emphasis>在自訂核心設定檔中引用 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32327 +#: book.translate.xml:32346 msgid "" "The rest of this section demonstrates how to verify that a USB storage device is recognized by FreeBSD and how to configure the " @@ -47736,12 +47723,12 @@ "以及如何設定該裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32332 +#: book.translate.xml:32351 msgid "Device Configuration" msgstr "裝置設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32334 +#: book.translate.xml:32353 msgid "" "To test the USB configuration, plug in the USB device. Use dmesg to confirm that the drive " @@ -47752,7 +47739,7 @@ "如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32340 +#: book.translate.xml:32359 #, no-wrap msgid "" "umass0: <STECH Simple Drive, class 0/0, rev 2.00/1.04, addr 3> on usbus0\n" @@ -47767,7 +47754,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32350 +#: book.translate.xml:32369 msgid "" "The brand, device node (da0), speed, and size will " "differ according to the device." @@ -47775,7 +47762,7 @@ "不同的裝置會有不同的廠牌、裝置節點 (da0)、速度與大小。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32353 +#: book.translate.xml:32372 msgid "" "Since the USB device is seen as a SCSI " "one, camcontrol can be used to list the USB# camcontrol devlist\n" @@ -47794,7 +47781,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32361 +#: book.translate.xml:32380 msgid "" "Alternately, usbconfig can be used to list the device. " "Refer to usbconfig 來取得更多有關此指令的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32365 +#: book.translate.xml:32384 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# usbconfig\n" @@ -47814,7 +47801,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32368 +#: book.translate.xml:32387 msgid "" "If the device has not been formatted, refer to for instructions on how to format and create partitions on the " @@ -47828,7 +47815,7 @@ "\"mount-unmount\"/> 中的說明掛載磁碟。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:32375 +#: book.translate.xml:32394 msgid "" "Allowing untrusted users to mount arbitrary media, by enabling vfs." "usermount as described below, should not be considered safe from a " @@ -47840,7 +47827,7 @@ "裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32382 +#: book.translate.xml:32401 msgid "" "To make the device mountable as a normal user, one solution is to make all " "users of the device a member of the 能夠讀取與寫入裝置：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32389 +#: book.translate.xml:32408 #, no-wrap msgid "" "[localrules=5]\n" @@ -47866,7 +47853,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32393 +#: book.translate.xml:32412 msgid "" "If internal SCSI disks are also installed in the system, " "change the second line as follows:" @@ -47874,13 +47861,13 @@ "若系統也同時安裝了內建 SCSI 磁碟，請更改第二行如下：" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32397 +#: book.translate.xml:32416 #, no-wrap msgid "add path 'da[3-9]*' mode 0660 group operator" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32399 +#: book.translate.xml:32418 msgid "" "This will exclude the first three SCSI disks " "(da0 to da2)from belonging to the " @@ -47898,18 +47885,18 @@ "資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32407 +#: book.translate.xml:32426 msgid "Next, enable the ruleset in /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "接著，在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟規則：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32410 +#: book.translate.xml:32429 #, no-wrap msgid "devfs_system_ruleset=\"localrules\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32412 +#: book.translate.xml:32431 msgid "" "Then, instruct the system to allow regular users to mount file systems by " "adding the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:" @@ -47918,13 +47905,13 @@ "者掛載檔案系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32416 +#: book.translate.xml:32435 #, no-wrap msgid "vfs.usermount=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32418 +#: book.translate.xml:32437 msgid "" "Since this only takes effect after the next reboot, use sysctl to set this variable now:" @@ -47933,7 +47920,7 @@ "變數：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32421 +#: book.translate.xml:32440 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sysctl vfs.usermount=1\n" @@ -47941,7 +47928,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32424 +#: book.translate.xml:32443 msgid "" "The final step is to create a directory where the file system is to be " "mounted. This directory needs to be owned by the user that is to mount the " @@ -47959,7 +47946,7 @@ "組：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32434 +#: book.translate.xml:32453 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /mnt/username\n" @@ -47967,7 +47954,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32437 +#: book.translate.xml:32456 msgid "" "Suppose a USB thumbdrive is plugged in, and a device " "/dev/da0s1 appears. If the device is formatted with a " @@ -47978,33 +47965,33 @@ "使用以下指令掛載該檔案系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32442 +#: book.translate.xml:32461 #, no-wrap msgid "% mount -t msdosfs -o -m=644,-M=755 /dev/da0s1 /mnt/username" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32444 +#: book.translate.xml:32463 msgid "" "Before the device can be unplugged, it must be " "unmounted first:" msgstr "在裝置可以被拔除前，必須先卸載：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32447 +#: book.translate.xml:32466 #, no-wrap msgid "% umount /mnt/username" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32449 +#: book.translate.xml:32468 msgid "" "After device removal, the system message buffer will show messages similar " "to the following:" msgstr "裝置移除之後，系統訊息緩衝區會顯示如下的訊息：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32452 +#: book.translate.xml:32471 #, no-wrap msgid "" "umass0: at uhub3, port 2, addr 3 (disconnected)\n" @@ -48014,12 +48001,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32459 +#: book.translate.xml:32478 msgid "Automounting Removable Media" msgstr "自動掛載可移除的媒體" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32462 +#: book.translate.xml:32481 msgid "" "autofs5 supports automatic mounting of removable media starting with " @@ -48030,7 +48017,7 @@ "體。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32466 +#: book.translate.xml:32485 msgid "" "USB devices can be automatically mounted by uncommenting " "this line in /etc/auto_master:" @@ -48039,18 +48026,18 @@ "USB 裝置：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32470 +#: book.translate.xml:32489 #, no-wrap msgid "/media\t\t-media\t\t-nosuid" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32472 +#: book.translate.xml:32491 msgid "Then add these lines to /etc/devd.conf:" msgstr "然後加入這些行到 /etc/devd.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32475 +#: book.translate.xml:32494 #, no-wrap msgid "" "notify 100 {\n" @@ -48061,7 +48048,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32481 +#: book.translate.xml:32500 msgid "" "Reload the configuration if autofs5 and " @@ -48074,7 +48061,7 @@ "載入設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32484 +#: book.translate.xml:32503 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service automount reload\n" @@ -48082,7 +48069,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32487 +#: book.translate.xml:32506 msgid "" "autofs5 can be set to start at boot by adding this line to /" @@ -48093,13 +48080,13 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32490 book.translate.xml:52962 +#: book.translate.xml:32509 book.translate.xml:53347 #, no-wrap msgid "autofs_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32492 +#: book.translate.xml:32511 msgid "" "autofs5 requires devd8，預設已經開啟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32495 +#: book.translate.xml:32514 msgid "Start the services immediately with:" msgstr "立即啟動服務：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32497 +#: book.translate.xml:32516 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service automount start\n" @@ -48126,7 +48113,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32502 +#: book.translate.xml:32521 msgid "" "Each file system that can be automatically mounted appears as a directory in " "/media/. The directory is named after the file system " @@ -48136,7 +48123,7 @@ "檔案系統的標籤來命名目錄，若標籤遺失，則會以裝置節點命名。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32507 +#: book.translate.xml:32526 msgid "" "The file system is transparently mounted on the first access, and unmounted " "after a period of inactivity. Automounted drives can also be unmounted " @@ -48146,13 +48133,13 @@ "碟也可手動卸載：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32511 +#: book.translate.xml:32530 #, no-wrap msgid "# automount -fu" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32513 +#: book.translate.xml:32532 msgid "" "This mechanism is typically used for memory cards and USB " "memory sticks. It can be used with any block device, including optical " @@ -48162,12 +48149,12 @@ "裝置，包含光碟機或 iSCSI LUN。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32520 +#: book.translate.xml:32539 msgid "USB Mass Storage Target" msgstr "USB 大容量儲存目標" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32523 +#: book.translate.xml:32542 msgid "" "The cfumass4 driver is a USB device mode " @@ -48178,7 +48165,7 @@ "USB 裝置模式驅動程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32527 +#: book.translate.xml:32546 msgid "" "When running on USB OTG-compliant " "hardware like that built into many embedded boards, the FreeBSD " @@ -48191,7 +48178,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32538 +#: book.translate.xml:32557 msgid "" "The usb_template4 kernel module allows the USB " @@ -48204,7 +48191,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32548 +#: book.translate.xml:32567 msgid "" "What FreeBSD presents to the USB host depends on the " "hw.usb.template sysctl. See " @@ -48222,7 +48209,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32560 +#: book.translate.xml:32579 msgid "" "The hw.usb.template sysctl is set to 0 by default, making " "FreeBSD work as a USB Mass Storage target. Both " @@ -48237,7 +48224,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32571 +#: book.translate.xml:32590 msgid "" "USB Mass Storage does not require the " "ctld8# kldload cfumass" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32581 +#: book.translate.xml:32600 msgid "" "If cfumass.ko has not been built into the kernel, " "/boot/loader.conf can be set to load the module at boot:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32585 +#: book.translate.xml:32604 #, no-wrap msgid "cfumass_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32587 +#: book.translate.xml:32606 msgid "" "A LUN can be created without the " "ctld8# ctladm create -b block -o file=/data/target0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32592 +#: book.translate.xml:32611 msgid "" "This presents the contents of the image file /data/target0 as a LUN to the USB host. " @@ -48294,7 +48281,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32599 +#: book.translate.xml:32618 msgid "" "ctld8 can also be used to manage LUNs. Create " @@ -48305,7 +48292,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32606 +#: book.translate.xml:32625 msgid "" "This is an example of a simple /etc/ctl.conf " "configuration file. Refer to ctl.confLUN. " "The naa.50015178f369f092 is a device identifier composed " @@ -48338,7 +48325,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32628 +#: book.translate.xml:32647 msgid "" "To make sure the ctld8 daemon is started at " @@ -48346,26 +48333,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32632 book.translate.xml:57488 +#: book.translate.xml:32651 book.translate.xml:57871 #, no-wrap msgid "ctld_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32634 book.translate.xml:57490 +#: book.translate.xml:32653 book.translate.xml:57873 msgid "" "To start ctld8 now, run this command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32636 book.translate.xml:57492 +#: book.translate.xml:32655 book.translate.xml:57875 #, no-wrap msgid "# service ctld start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32638 +#: book.translate.xml:32657 msgid "" "As the ctld8 daemon is started, it reads /etc/ctl." @@ -48378,31 +48365,31 @@ "生效：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32643 book.translate.xml:57499 +#: book.translate.xml:32662 book.translate.xml:57882 #, no-wrap msgid "# service ctld reload" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:32649 +#: book.translate.xml:32668 msgid "Creating and Using CD Media" msgstr "建立與使用 CD 媒體" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:32652 book.translate.xml:45717 +#: book.translate.xml:32671 book.translate.xml:46102 msgid "" " Mike Meyer Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32662 +#: book.translate.xml:32681 msgid "" "CD-ROMs creating" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32667 +#: book.translate.xml:32686 msgid "" "Compact Disc (CD) media provide a number of features that " "differentiate them from conventional disks. They are designed so that they " @@ -48414,25 +48401,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32676 +#: book.translate.xml:32695 msgid "ISO 9660" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32678 book.translate.xml:32868 +#: book.translate.xml:32697 book.translate.xml:32887 msgid "file systems ISO 9660" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32683 +#: book.translate.xml:32702 msgid "" "CD burner ATAPI" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:32688 +#: book.translate.xml:32707 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Ports Collection provides several utilities for burning and " "duplicating audio and data CDs. This chapter demonstrates " @@ -48442,19 +48429,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:32698 +#: book.translate.xml:32717 msgid "Supported Devices" msgstr "支援的裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32711 +#: book.translate.xml:32730 msgid "" "CD burner ATAPI/CAM driver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32716 +#: book.translate.xml:32735 msgid "" "The GENERIC kernel provides support for SCSI, USB, and ATAPI CDSCSI burner, make sure these options are present:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32726 +#: book.translate.xml:32745 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device scbus\t# SCSI bus (required for ATA/SCSI)\n" @@ -48480,13 +48467,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32731 +#: book.translate.xml:32750 msgid "" "For a USB burner, make sure these options are present:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32734 +#: book.translate.xml:32753 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device scbus\t# SCSI bus (required for ATA/SCSI)\n" @@ -48502,13 +48489,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32745 +#: book.translate.xml:32764 msgid "" "For an ATAPI burner, make sure these options are present:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32748 +#: book.translate.xml:32767 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device ata\t# Legacy ATA/SATA controllers\n" @@ -48518,40 +48505,40 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32754 +#: book.translate.xml:32773 msgid "" "On FreeBSD versions prior to 10.x, this line is also needed in the kernel " "configuration file if the burner is an ATAPI device:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32758 +#: book.translate.xml:32777 #, no-wrap msgid "device atapicam" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32760 +#: book.translate.xml:32779 msgid "" "Alternately, this driver can be loaded at boot time by adding the following " "line to /boot/loader.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:32764 +#: book.translate.xml:32783 #, no-wrap msgid "atapicam_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32766 +#: book.translate.xml:32785 msgid "" "This will require a reboot of the system as this driver can only be loaded " "at boot time." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32770 +#: book.translate.xml:32789 msgid "" "To verify that FreeBSD recognizes the device, run dmesg " "and look for an entry for the device. On systems prior to 10.x, the device " @@ -48560,7 +48547,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32776 +#: book.translate.xml:32795 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% dmesg | grep cd\n" @@ -48572,12 +48559,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32785 +#: book.translate.xml:32804 msgid "Burning a CD" msgstr "燒錄 CD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32787 +#: book.translate.xml:32806 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, cdrecord can be used to burn CDs. This command is installed with the sysutils/cdrtoolscdrecord has many options, basic usage is simple. " "Specify the name of the ISO file to burn and, if the " @@ -48593,26 +48580,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32797 +#: book.translate.xml:32816 #, no-wrap msgid "# cdrecord dev=device imagefile.iso" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32799 +#: book.translate.xml:32818 msgid "" "To determine the device name of the burner, use " "which might produce results like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32803 +#: book.translate.xml:32822 msgid "" "CD-ROMs burning" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32807 +#: book.translate.xml:32826 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cdrecord -scanbus\n" @@ -48639,7 +48626,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32829 +#: book.translate.xml:32848 msgid "" "Locate the entry for the CD burner and use the three " "numbers separated by commas as the value for . In this " @@ -48651,14 +48638,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32838 +#: book.translate.xml:32857 msgid "" "Alternately, run the following command to get the device address of the " "burner:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32841 +#: book.translate.xml:32860 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# camcontrol devlist\n" @@ -48666,7 +48653,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32844 +#: book.translate.xml:32863 msgid "" "Use the numeric values for scbus, target, and lun. For this example, 1,0,0ISO File System" msgstr "寫入資料到一個 ISO 檔案系統" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32854 +#: book.translate.xml:32873 msgid "" "In order to produce a data CD, the data files that are " "going to make up the tracks on the CD must be prepared " @@ -48693,13 +48680,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32866 +#: book.translate.xml:32885 #, no-wrap msgid "# mkisofs -o imagefile.iso /path/to/tree" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32873 +#: book.translate.xml:32892 msgid "" "This command maps the file names in the specified path to names that fit the " "limitations of the standard ISO 9660 file system, and " @@ -48708,12 +48695,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32879 +#: book.translate.xml:32898 msgid "file systems Joliet" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32884 +#: book.translate.xml:32903 msgid "" "A number of options are available to overcome the restrictions imposed by " "the standard. In particular, enables the Rock Ridge " @@ -48723,7 +48710,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32890 +#: book.translate.xml:32909 msgid "" "For CDs that are going to be used only on FreeBSD " "systems, can be used to disable all filename " @@ -48733,14 +48720,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:32897 +#: book.translate.xml:32916 msgid "" "CD-ROMs creating bootable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32902 +#: book.translate.xml:32921 msgid "" "The last option of general use is . This is used to " "specify the location of a boot image for use in producing an El " @@ -48757,20 +48744,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32920 +#: book.translate.xml:32939 #, no-wrap msgid "# mkisofs -R -no-emul-boot -b boot/cdboot -o /tmp/bootable.iso /tmp/myboot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32922 +#: book.translate.xml:32941 msgid "" "The resulting ISO image can be mounted as a memory disk " "with:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32925 +#: book.translate.xml:32944 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mdconfig -a -t vnode -f /tmp/bootable.iso -u 0\n" @@ -48778,14 +48765,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32928 +#: book.translate.xml:32947 msgid "" "One can then verify that /mnt and /tmp/" "myboot are identical." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32931 +#: book.translate.xml:32950 msgid "" "There are many other options available for mkisofs to " "fine-tune its behavior. Refer to CD to an image file that is " "functionally equivalent to the image file created with mkisofs# dd if=/dev/cd0 of=file.iso bs=2048" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32945 +#: book.translate.xml:32964 msgid "" "The resulting image file can be burned to CD as described " "in ." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:32951 +#: book.translate.xml:32970 msgid "Using Data CDs" msgstr "使用資料 CD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32953 +#: book.translate.xml:32972 msgid "" "Once an ISO has been burned to a CD, " "it can be mounted by specifying the file system type, the name of the device " @@ -48830,13 +48817,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:32958 +#: book.translate.xml:32977 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0 /mnt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32960 +#: book.translate.xml:32979 msgid "" "Since mount assumes that a file system is of type " "ufs, a Incorrect super block error " @@ -48845,7 +48832,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:32966 +#: book.translate.xml:32985 msgid "" "While any data CD can be mounted this way, disks with " "certain ISO 9660 extensions might behave oddly. For " @@ -48857,7 +48844,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:32975 +#: book.translate.xml:32994 msgid "" "In order to do this character conversion with the help of is used for both " "single and multiple sessions. Replace /dev/cd0, " @@ -49217,20 +49204,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33231 +#: book.translate.xml:33250 msgid "" "To burn a pre-mastered image, such as imagefile.iso, use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33234 +#: book.translate.xml:33253 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0=imagefile.iso" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33236 +#: book.translate.xml:33255 msgid "" "The write speed should be detected and automatically set according to the " "media and the drive being used. To force the write speed, use to " @@ -49256,29 +49243,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:33253 +#: book.translate.xml:33272 msgid "To create this type of ISO file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33255 +#: book.translate.xml:33274 #, no-wrap msgid "% mkisofs -R -J -udf -iso-level 3 -o imagefile.iso /path/to/data" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:33257 +#: book.translate.xml:33276 msgid "To burn files directly to a disk:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33259 +#: book.translate.xml:33278 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -dvd-compat -udf -iso-level 3 -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:33261 +#: book.translate.xml:33280 msgid "" "When an ISO image already contains large files, no additional options are " "required for growisofssysutils/cdrtools, which contains DVD-Video" msgstr "燒錄 DVD-Video" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33277 +#: book.translate.xml:33296 msgid "" "DVD DVD-Video" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33282 +#: book.translate.xml:33301 msgid "" "A DVD-Video is a specific file layout based on the ISO 9660 and micro-UDF (M-" "UDF) specifications. Since DVD-Video presents a specific data structure " @@ -49319,7 +49306,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33288 +#: book.translate.xml:33307 msgid "" "If an image of the DVD-Video file system already exists, it can be burned in " "the same way as any other image. If dvdauthor was used to " @@ -49328,13 +49315,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33295 +#: book.translate.xml:33314 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -dvd-video /path/to/video" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33297 +#: book.translate.xml:33316 msgid "" " is passed to mkisofs8DVD+RW" msgstr "使用 DVD+RW" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33306 +#: book.translate.xml:33325 msgid "" "DVD DVD+RW" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33311 +#: book.translate.xml:33330 msgid "" "Unlike CD-RW, a virgin DVD+RW needs to be formatted " "before first use. It is recommended to let " @@ -49368,13 +49355,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33318 book.translate.xml:33424 +#: book.translate.xml:33337 book.translate.xml:33443 #, no-wrap msgid "# dvd+rw-format /dev/cd0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33320 +#: book.translate.xml:33339 msgid "" "Only perform this operation once and keep in mind that only virgin " "DVD+RW medias need to be formatted. Once formatted, the " @@ -49382,7 +49369,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33325 +#: book.translate.xml:33344 msgid "" "To burn a totally new file system and not just append some data onto a " "DVD+RW, the media does not need to be blanked first. " @@ -49390,13 +49377,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33330 +#: book.translate.xml:33349 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/newdata" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33332 +#: book.translate.xml:33351 msgid "" "The DVD+RW format supports appending data to a previous " "recording. This operation consists of merging a new session to the existing " @@ -49407,20 +49394,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33339 +#: book.translate.xml:33358 msgid "" "For example, to append data to a DVD+RW, use the " "following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33342 book.translate.xml:33446 +#: book.translate.xml:33361 book.translate.xml:33465 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -M /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/nextdata" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33344 +#: book.translate.xml:33363 msgid "" "The same mkisofs8 options used to burn " @@ -49428,7 +49415,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:33348 +#: book.translate.xml:33367 msgid "" "Use for better media compatibility with " "DVD-ROM drives. When using DVD+RW, " @@ -49436,30 +49423,30 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33354 +#: book.translate.xml:33373 msgid "To blank the media, use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33356 +#: book.translate.xml:33375 #, no-wrap msgid "# growisofs -Z /dev/cd0=/dev/zero" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:33360 +#: book.translate.xml:33379 msgid "Using a DVD-RW" msgstr "使用 DVD-RW" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33362 +#: book.translate.xml:33381 msgid "" "DVD DVD-RW" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33367 +#: book.translate.xml:33386 msgid "" "A DVD-RW accepts two disc formats: incremental sequential " "and restricted overwrite. By default, DVD-RW discs are in " @@ -49467,7 +49454,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33372 +#: book.translate.xml:33391 msgid "" "A virgin DVD-RW can be directly written without being " "formatted. However, a non-virgin DVD-RW in sequential " @@ -49475,18 +49462,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33377 +#: book.translate.xml:33396 msgid "To blank a DVD-RW in sequential mode:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33380 book.translate.xml:33428 +#: book.translate.xml:33399 book.translate.xml:33447 #, no-wrap msgid "# dvd+rw-format -blank=full /dev/cd0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:33383 +#: book.translate.xml:33402 msgid "" "A full blanking using will take about one hour " "on a 1x media. A fast blanking can be performed using is used on the root directory, it will not back " "up /home, /usr or many other " @@ -49931,7 +49918,7 @@ "掛載點或連結到其他檔案系統的符號連結。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33695 +#: book.translate.xml:33714 msgid "" "When used to restore data, restore stores temporary files " "in /tmp/ by default. When using a recovery disk with a " @@ -49943,7 +49930,7 @@ "TMPDIR 到一個擁有較多可用空間的目錄以讓還原可以順利執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33702 +#: book.translate.xml:33721 msgid "" "When using dump, be aware that some quirks remain from " "its early days in Version 6 of AT&T .rhosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33712 +#: book.translate.xml:33731 msgid "" "It is possible to backup a file system across the network to a another " "system or to a tape drive attached to another computer. While the " @@ -49978,7 +49965,7 @@ "全性並不足夠。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33718 +#: book.translate.xml:33737 msgid "" "Instead, one can use dump and restore " "in a more secure fashion over an SSH connection. This " @@ -49992,12 +49979,12 @@ "機。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:33726 +#: book.translate.xml:33745 msgid "Using dump over ssh" msgstr "在 ssh 使用 dump" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33729 +#: book.translate.xml:33748 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# /sbin/dump -0uan -f - /usr | gzip -2 | ssh -c blowfish \\\n" @@ -50005,7 +49992,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33733 +#: book.translate.xml:33752 msgid "" "This example sets RSH in order to write the backup to a tape " "drive on a remote system over a SSH connection:" @@ -50014,7 +50001,7 @@ "份到遠端系統的磁帶機：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:33738 +#: book.translate.xml:33757 msgid "" "Using dump over ssh with " "RSH Set" @@ -50023,32 +50010,32 @@ "RSH 設定" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33742 +#: book.translate.xml:33761 #, no-wrap msgid "# env RSH=/usr/bin/ssh /sbin/dump -0uan -f targetuser@targetmachine.example.com:/dev/sa0 /usr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:33747 +#: book.translate.xml:33766 msgid "Directory Backups" msgstr "目錄備份" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33749 +#: book.translate.xml:33768 msgid "" "backup software tar" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33754 +#: book.translate.xml:33773 msgid "" "Several built-in utilities are available for backing up and restoring " "specified files and directories as needed." msgstr "系統已有內建數個工具可在需要時用來備份與還原指定的檔案與目錄。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33758 +#: book.translate.xml:33777 msgid "" "A good choice for making a backup of all of the files in a directory is " "tar1tar" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33766 +#: book.translate.xml:33785 msgid "" "This example creates a compressed backup of the current directory and saves " "it to /tmp/mybackup.tgz. When creating a backup file, " @@ -50080,18 +50067,18 @@ "錄。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:33773 +#: book.translate.xml:33792 msgid "Backing Up the Current Directory with tar" msgstr "使用 tar 備份目前目錄" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33776 +#: book.translate.xml:33795 #, no-wrap msgid "# tar czvf /tmp/mybackup.tgz . " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33779 +#: book.translate.xml:33798 msgid "" "To restore the entire backup, cd into the directory to " "restore into and specify the name of the backup. Note that this will " @@ -50104,18 +50091,18 @@ "還原到一個暫時的目錄或指定備份檔中的檔案做還原。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:33787 +#: book.translate.xml:33806 msgid "Restoring Up the Current Directory with tar" msgstr "使用 tar 還原目前目錄" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33790 +#: book.translate.xml:33809 #, no-wrap msgid "# tar xzvf /tmp/mybackup.tgz" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33793 +#: book.translate.xml:33812 msgid "" "There are dozens of available switches which are described in " "tar1backup software cpio" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33804 +#: book.translate.xml:33823 msgid "" "To create a backup using a specified list of files and directories, " "cpio1ls or " "find. This example creates a recursive listing of the " @@ -50162,7 +50149,7 @@ "command> 來建立名稱為 /tmp/mybackup.cpio 的備份檔。" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:33818 +#: book.translate.xml:33837 msgid "" "Using ls and cpio to Make a Recursive " "Backup of the Current Directory" @@ -50171,36 +50158,36 @@ "份" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33821 +#: book.translate.xml:33840 #, no-wrap msgid "# ls -R | cpio -ovF /tmp/mybackup.cpio" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33824 +#: book.translate.xml:33843 msgid "" "backup software pax" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33828 +#: book.translate.xml:33847 msgid "pax" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33829 book.translate.xml:43402 +#: book.translate.xml:33848 book.translate.xml:43788 msgid "POSIX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33830 +#: book.translate.xml:33849 msgid "IEEE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33832 +#: book.translate.xml:33851 msgid "" "A backup utility which tries to bridge the features provided by " "tar and cpio is " @@ -50219,34 +50206,34 @@ "cpio and tar 格式並加入自己的新格式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33841 +#: book.translate.xml:33860 msgid "" "The pax equivalent to the previous examples would be:" msgstr "以先前的例子改使用 pax 會是：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:33845 +#: book.translate.xml:33864 msgid "Backing Up the Current Directory with pax" msgstr "使用 pax 備份目前目錄" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33848 +#: book.translate.xml:33867 #, no-wrap msgid "# pax -wf /tmp/mybackup.pax ." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:33853 +#: book.translate.xml:33872 msgid "Using Data Tapes for Backups" msgstr "使用資料磁帶備份" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33855 +#: book.translate.xml:33874 msgid "tape media" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33857 +#: book.translate.xml:33876 msgid "" "While tape technology has continued to evolve, modern backup systems tend to " "combine off-site backups with local removable media. FreeBSD supports any " @@ -50260,7 +50247,7 @@ "與 USB 磁帶機。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33865 +#: book.translate.xml:33884 msgid "" "For SCSI tape devices, FreeBSD uses the " "sa4/dev/esa0 時，當關閉裝置後便會退出磁帶。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33876 +#: book.translate.xml:33895 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, mt is used to control operations of the tape " "drive, such as seeking through files on a tape or writing tape control marks " @@ -50292,13 +50279,13 @@ "新檔案前跳過這些檔案：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33882 +#: book.translate.xml:33901 #, no-wrap msgid "# mt -f /dev/nsa0 fsf 3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33884 +#: book.translate.xml:33903 msgid "" "This utility supports many operations. Refer to " "mt11 了解詳情。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33887 +#: book.translate.xml:33906 msgid "" "To write a single file to tape using tar, specify the " "name of the tape device and the file to backup:" @@ -50317,26 +50304,26 @@ "備份的檔案：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33891 +#: book.translate.xml:33910 #, no-wrap msgid "# tar cvf /dev/sa0 file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33893 +#: book.translate.xml:33912 msgid "" "To recover files from a tar archive on tape into the " "current directory:" msgstr "要從磁帶上的 tar 封存檔還原檔案到目前的目錄可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33896 +#: book.translate.xml:33915 #, no-wrap msgid "# tar xvf /dev/sa0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33898 +#: book.translate.xml:33917 msgid "" "To backup a UFS file system, use dump. " "This examples backs up /usr without rewinding the tape " @@ -50346,36 +50333,36 @@ "下例子會備份 /usr 並在完成時不做倒帶：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33903 +#: book.translate.xml:33922 #, no-wrap msgid "# dump -0aL -b64 -f /dev/nsa0 /usr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33905 +#: book.translate.xml:33924 msgid "" "To interactively restore files from a dump file on tape " "into the current directory:" msgstr "要以互動的方式從磁帶上的 dump 檔案還原到目前目錄：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:33909 +#: book.translate.xml:33928 #, no-wrap msgid "# restore -i -f /dev/nsa0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:33913 +#: book.translate.xml:33932 msgid "Third-Party Backup Utilities" msgstr "第三方備份工具" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33915 +#: book.translate.xml:33934 msgid "backup software" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33919 +#: book.translate.xml:33938 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Ports Collection provides many third-party utilities which can " "be used to schedule the creation of backups, simplify tape backup, and make " @@ -50388,7 +50375,7 @@ "或網路上所有電腦的備份。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33926 +#: book.translate.xml:33945 msgid "" "Popular utilities include Amanda, " "Bacula, rsync, and " @@ -50399,49 +50386,49 @@ "application>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:33934 +#: book.translate.xml:33953 msgid "Emergency Recovery" msgstr "緊急還原" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33936 +#: book.translate.xml:33955 msgid "" "In addition to regular backups, it is recommended to perform the following " "steps as part of an emergency preparedness plan." msgstr "除了正常的備份外，建議將下以步驟做為緊急準備計劃的一部份。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33940 +#: book.translate.xml:33959 msgid "bsdlabel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33943 +#: book.translate.xml:33962 msgid "Create a print copy of the output of the following commands:" msgstr "替以下指令的輸出建立一份可列印的複本：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:33948 +#: book.translate.xml:33967 msgid "gpart show" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:33952 +#: book.translate.xml:33971 msgid "more /etc/fstab" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:33956 +#: book.translate.xml:33975 msgid "dmesg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:33960 +#: book.translate.xml:33979 msgid "livefs CD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33963 +#: book.translate.xml:33982 msgid "" "Store this printout and a copy of the installation media in a secure " "location. Should an emergency restore be needed, boot into the installation " @@ -50455,23 +50442,23 @@ "後自備份還原資料。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:33972 +#: book.translate.xml:33991 msgid "" -"The installation media for FreeBSD/i386 10.3-RELEASE does not include a " +"The installation media for FreeBSD/i386 10.4-RELEASE does not include a " "rescue shell. For this version, instead download and burn a Livefs " "CD image from ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/" -"FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-i386-livefs.iso." +"FreeBSD/releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/10.4/FreeBSD-10.4-RELEASE-i386-livefs.iso" +"\">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/10.4/" +"FreeBSD-10.4-RELEASE-i386-livefs.iso." msgstr "" -"FreeBSD/i386 10.3-RELEASE 的安裝媒體未含救援 Shell，針對該版本，可改自 ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" -"releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-i386-livefs.iso 下" -"載 CD 映像檔並燒錄。" +"FreeBSD/i386 10.4-RELEASE 的安裝媒體未含救援 Shell，針對該版本，可改自 ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/" +"releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/10.4/FreeBSD-10.4-RELEASE-i386-livefs.iso 下" +"載 Livefs CD 映像檔並燒錄。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33979 +#: book.translate.xml:33998 msgid "" "Next, test the rescue shell and the backups. Make notes of the procedure. " "Store these notes with the media, the printouts, and the backups. These " @@ -50482,7 +50469,7 @@ "份檔一併保存，這份記錄可以避免在緊張壓力下做緊急還原時因不慎造成備份的毀壞。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:33985 +#: book.translate.xml:34004 msgid "" "For an added measure of security, store the latest backup at a remote " "location which is physically separated from the computers and disk drives by " @@ -50492,19 +50479,19 @@ "位置。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:33993 +#: book.translate.xml:34012 msgid "Memory Disks" msgstr "記憶體磁碟" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:33996 +#: book.translate.xml:34015 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille Reorganized and enhanced by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:34006 +#: book.translate.xml:34025 msgid "" "In addition to physical disks, FreeBSD also supports the creation and use of " "memory disks. One possible use for a memory disk is to access the contents " @@ -50514,7 +50501,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:34013 +#: book.translate.xml:34032 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, the md4 driver is used to provide support for memory " @@ -50523,23 +50510,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:34018 +#: book.translate.xml:34037 #, no-wrap msgid "device md" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:34021 +#: book.translate.xml:34040 msgid "Attaching and Detaching Existing Images" msgstr "連接與解除連接既有的映象檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:34023 +#: book.translate.xml:34042 msgid "disks memory" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34028 +#: book.translate.xml:34047 msgid "" "To mount an existing file system image, use mdconfig to " "specify the name of the ISO file and a free unit number. " @@ -50551,7 +50538,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34038 +#: book.translate.xml:34057 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mdconfig -f diskimage.iso -u 0\n" @@ -50559,7 +50546,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34041 +#: book.translate.xml:34060 msgid "" "If a unit number is not specified with , " "mdconfig will automatically allocate an unused memory " @@ -50570,12 +50557,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:34048 +#: book.translate.xml:34067 msgid "disks detaching a memory disk" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34053 +#: book.translate.xml:34072 msgid "" "When a memory disk is no longer in use, its resources should be released " "back to the system. First, unmount the file system, then use " @@ -50584,7 +50571,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34059 +#: book.translate.xml:34078 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# umount /mnt\n" @@ -50592,24 +50579,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34062 +#: book.translate.xml:34081 msgid "" "To determine if any memory disks are still attached to the system, type " "mdconfig -l." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:34067 +#: book.translate.xml:34086 msgid "Creating a File- or Memory-Backed Memory Disk" msgstr "建立以檔案或記憶體為基底的磁碟" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:34069 +#: book.translate.xml:34088 msgid "disks memory file system" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34073 +#: book.translate.xml:34092 msgid "" "FreeBSD also supports memory disks where the storage to use is allocated " "from either a hard disk or an area of memory. The first method is commonly " @@ -50619,7 +50606,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34080 +#: book.translate.xml:34099 msgid "" "To create a new memory-backed file system, specify a type of swap and the size of the memory disk to create. Then, format the memory " @@ -50629,7 +50616,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34088 +#: book.translate.xml:34107 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mdconfig -a -t swap -s 5m -u 1\n" @@ -50646,7 +50633,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34100 +#: book.translate.xml:34119 msgid "" "To create a new file-backed memory disk, first allocate an area of disk to " "use. This example creates an empty 5K file named newimage# dd if=/dev/zero of=newimage bs=1k count=5k\n" @@ -50663,7 +50650,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34108 +#: book.translate.xml:34127 msgid "" "Next, attach that file to a memory disk, label the memory disk and format it " "with the UFS file system, mount the memory disk, and " @@ -50671,7 +50658,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34113 +#: book.translate.xml:34132 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mdconfig -f newimage -u 0\n" @@ -50688,7 +50675,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34125 +#: book.translate.xml:34144 msgid "" "It takes several commands to create a file- or memory-backed file system " "using mdconfig. FreeBSD also comes with mdmfs# mdmfs -F newimage -s 5m md0 /mnt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34138 +#: book.translate.xml:34157 msgid "" "To instead create a new memory-based memory disk with mdmfs, use this one command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34141 +#: book.translate.xml:34160 #, no-wrap msgid "# mdmfs -s 5m md1 /mnt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34143 +#: book.translate.xml:34162 msgid "" "If the unit number is not specified, mdmfs will " "automatically select an unused memory device. For more details about " @@ -50728,24 +50715,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:34152 +#: book.translate.xml:34171 msgid "File System Snapshots" msgstr "檔案系統快照" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:34165 +#: book.translate.xml:34184 msgid "file systems snapshots" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:34170 +#: book.translate.xml:34189 msgid "" "FreeBSD offers a feature in conjunction with Soft Updates: file system snapshots." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:34174 +#: book.translate.xml:34193 msgid "" "UFS snapshots allow a user to create images of specified file systems, and " "treat them as a file. Snapshot files must be created in the file system that " @@ -50760,7 +50747,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:34186 +#: book.translate.xml:34205 msgid "" "The un-alterable file flag is set by " "mksnap_ffs8mount8. To place a snapshot " @@ -50780,26 +50767,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34196 +#: book.translate.xml:34215 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount -u -o snapshot /var/snapshot/snap /var" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:34198 +#: book.translate.xml:34217 msgid "" "Alternatively, use mksnap_ffs8 to create the snapshot:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34201 +#: book.translate.xml:34220 #, no-wrap msgid "# mksnap_ffs /var /var/snapshot/snap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:34203 +#: book.translate.xml:34222 msgid "" "One can find snapshot files on a file system, such as /var, using find# find /var -flags snapshot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:34209 +#: book.translate.xml:34228 msgid "Once a snapshot has been created, it has several uses:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:34214 +#: book.translate.xml:34233 msgid "" "Some administrators will use a snapshot file for backup purposes, because " "the snapshot can be transferred to CDs or tape." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:34220 +#: book.translate.xml:34239 msgid "" "The file system integrity checker, fsck8, may be run on the " @@ -50834,7 +50821,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:34227 +#: book.translate.xml:34246 msgid "" "Running dump8 on the snapshot will produce a dump file that is " @@ -50845,7 +50832,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:34235 +#: book.translate.xml:34254 msgid "" "The snapshot can be mounted as a frozen image of the file system. To " "mount8# mdconfig -a -t vnode -o readonly -f /var/snapshot/snap -u 4\n" @@ -50861,7 +50848,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:34244 +#: book.translate.xml:34263 msgid "" "The frozen /var is now available through /" "mnt. Everything will initially be in the same state it was during " @@ -50870,7 +50857,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34250 +#: book.translate.xml:34269 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# umount /mnt\n" @@ -50878,7 +50865,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:34253 +#: book.translate.xml:34272 msgid "" "For more information about and file system " "snapshots, including technical papers, visit Marshall Kirk McKusick's " @@ -50887,17 +50874,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:34259 +#: book.translate.xml:34278 msgid "Disk Quotas" msgstr "磁碟配額" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:34261 +#: book.translate.xml:34280 msgid "accounting disk space" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:34267 +#: book.translate.xml:34286 msgid "" "Disk quotas can be used to limit the amount of disk space or the number of " "files a user or members of a group may allocate on a per-file system basis. " @@ -50908,7 +50895,7 @@ "案數量。這個可避免一個使用者或群組成員耗盡所有磁碟的可用空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:34272 +#: book.translate.xml:34291 msgid "" "This section describes how to configure disk quotas for the UFS file system. To configure quotas on the ZFS file " @@ -50919,17 +50906,17 @@ "quota\"/>" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:34277 +#: book.translate.xml:34296 msgid "Enabling Disk Quotas" msgstr "開啟磁碟配額" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34279 +#: book.translate.xml:34298 msgid "To determine if the FreeBSD kernel provides support for disk quotas:" msgstr "查看 FreeBSD 核心是否支援磁碟配額：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34282 +#: book.translate.xml:34301 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% sysctl kern.features.ufs_quota\n" @@ -50937,7 +50924,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34285 +#: book.translate.xml:34304 msgid "" "In this example, the 1 indicates quota support. If the " "value is instead 0, add the following line to a custom " @@ -50949,29 +50936,29 @@ "\"kernelconfig\"/> 的指示重新編譯核心：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:34290 +#: book.translate.xml:34309 #, no-wrap msgid "options QUOTA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34292 +#: book.translate.xml:34311 msgid "Next, enable disk quotas in /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "接著，在 /etc/rc.conf 開啟磁碟配額：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:34295 +#: book.translate.xml:34314 #, no-wrap msgid "quota_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:34297 book.translate.xml:34431 +#: book.translate.xml:34316 book.translate.xml:34450 msgid "disk quotas checking" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34301 +#: book.translate.xml:34320 msgid "" "Normally on bootup, the quota integrity of each file system is checked by " "quotacheck8/etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:34309 +#: book.translate.xml:34328 #, no-wrap msgid "check_quotas=\"NO\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34311 +#: book.translate.xml:34330 msgid "" "Finally, edit /etc/fstab to enable disk quotas on a per-" "file system basis. To enable per-user quotas on a file system, add " @@ -51006,13 +50993,13 @@ "到 /etc/fstab 要開啟配額的檔案系統的項目中。例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:34317 +#: book.translate.xml:34336 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/da1s2g /home ufs rw,userquota 1 2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34319 +#: book.translate.xml:34338 msgid "" "To enable group quotas, use instead. To enable " "both user and group quotas, separate the options with a comma:" @@ -51021,13 +51008,13 @@ "額，可使用逗號隔開選項：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:34323 +#: book.translate.xml:34342 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/da1s2g /home ufs rw,userquota,groupquota 1 2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34325 +#: book.translate.xml:34344 msgid "" "By default, quota files are stored in the root directory of the file system " "as quota.user and quota.group. " @@ -51041,7 +51028,7 @@ "議指定其他位置來儲存配額檔案。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34331 +#: book.translate.xml:34350 msgid "" "Once the configuration is complete, reboot the system and /etc/rc will automatically run the appropriate commands to create the " @@ -51053,7 +51040,7 @@ "檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34337 +#: book.translate.xml:34356 msgid "" "In the normal course of operations, there should be no need to manually run " "quotacheck8disk quotas limits" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34351 +#: book.translate.xml:34370 msgid "To verify that quotas are enabled, run:" msgstr "要確認配額已經開啟，可執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34354 +#: book.translate.xml:34373 #, no-wrap msgid "# quota -v" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34356 +#: book.translate.xml:34375 msgid "" "There should be a one line summary of disk usage and current quota limits " "for each file system that quotas are enabled on." msgstr "每個有開啟配額的檔案系統應該會有一行磁碟用量及目前配額限制的摘要。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34360 +#: book.translate.xml:34379 msgid "" "The system is now ready to be assigned quota limits with edquota." msgstr "現在系統已準備好可以使用 edquota 分配配額限制。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34363 +#: book.translate.xml:34382 msgid "" "Several options are available to enforce limits on the amount of disk space " "a user or group may allocate, and how many files they may create. " @@ -51119,12 +51106,12 @@ "可進一步細分為兩個類型：硬性 (Hard) 及軟性 (Soft) 限制。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:34370 +#: book.translate.xml:34389 msgid "hard limit" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34371 +#: book.translate.xml:34390 msgid "" "A hard limit may not be exceeded. Once a user reaches a hard limit, no " "further allocations can be made on that file system by that user. For " @@ -51138,12 +51125,12 @@ "的空間將會失敗。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:34379 +#: book.translate.xml:34398 msgid "soft limit" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34380 +#: book.translate.xml:34399 msgid "" "Soft limits can be exceeded for a limited amount of time, known as the grace " "period, which is one week by default. If a user stays over their limit " @@ -51156,7 +51143,7 @@ "空間。當使用者使用的空間回到低於軟性限制內，寬限期就會被重置。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34387 +#: book.translate.xml:34406 msgid "" "In the following example, the quota for the test account is being edited. When edquotavi。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34393 +#: book.translate.xml:34412 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# edquota -u test\n" @@ -51181,7 +51168,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34400 +#: book.translate.xml:34419 msgid "" "There are normally two lines for each file system that has quotas enabled. " "One line represents the block limits and the other represents the inode " @@ -51196,18 +51183,18 @@ "性限制到 600，可更改行內的值如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:34409 +#: book.translate.xml:34428 #, no-wrap msgid "/usr: kbytes in use: 65, limits (soft = 500, hard = 600)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34411 +#: book.translate.xml:34430 msgid "The new quota limits take effect upon exiting the editor." msgstr "新的配額限制將在離開編輯器後生效。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34414 +#: book.translate.xml:34433 msgid "" "Sometimes it is desirable to set quota limits on a range of users. This can " "be done by first assigning the desired quota limit to a user. Then, use " @@ -51222,13 +51209,13 @@ "10,000 到 19,999 的使用者：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34423 +#: book.translate.xml:34442 #, no-wrap msgid "# edquota -p test 10000-19999" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34425 +#: book.translate.xml:34444 msgid "" "For more information, refer to edquota8." @@ -51237,12 +51224,12 @@ "refentrytitle>8。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:34429 +#: book.translate.xml:34448 msgid "Checking Quota Limits and Disk Usage" msgstr "檢查配額限制與磁碟使用狀況" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34436 +#: book.translate.xml:34455 msgid "" "To check individual user or group quotas and disk usage, use " "quota18。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34443 +#: book.translate.xml:34462 msgid "" "Normally, file systems that the user is not using any disk space on will not " "show in the output of quota, even if the user has a quota " @@ -51274,7 +51261,7 @@ "查詢某個使用者在兩個檔案系統上的配額限制的範例輸出。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:34451 +#: book.translate.xml:34470 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Disk quotas for user test (uid 1002):\n" @@ -51284,12 +51271,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:34456 +#: book.translate.xml:34475 msgid "grace period" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34458 +#: book.translate.xml:34477 msgid "" "In this example, the user is currently 15 kbytes over the soft limit of 50 " "kbytes on /usr and has 5 days of grace period left. The " @@ -51301,18 +51288,18 @@ "超出配額限制。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:34466 +#: book.translate.xml:34485 msgid "Quotas over NFS" msgstr "NFS 上的配額" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:34468 book.translate.xml:52477 +#: book.translate.xml:34487 book.translate.xml:52862 msgid "NFS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34470 +#: book.translate.xml:34489 msgid "" "Quotas are enforced by the quota subsystem on the NFS " "server. The rpc.rquotadNFS server, enable rpc.rquotad " "by removing the # from this line in /etc/inetd." @@ -51337,23 +51324,23 @@ "rpc.rquotad 行前的 # 移除來開啟：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:34481 +#: book.translate.xml:34500 #, no-wrap msgid "rquotad/1 dgram rpc/udp wait root /usr/libexec/rpc.rquotad rpc.rquotad" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34483 +#: book.translate.xml:34502 msgid "Then, restart inetd:" msgstr "然後重新啟動 inetd：" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:34491 +#: book.translate.xml:34510 msgid "Encrypting Disk Partitions" msgstr "磁碟分割區加密" #. (itstool) path: affiliation/address -#: book.translate.xml:34501 +#: book.translate.xml:34520 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -51362,7 +51349,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:34494 +#: book.translate.xml:34513 msgid "" " Lucky Green Contributed by <_:address-1/> " @@ -51370,12 +51357,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:34509 +#: book.translate.xml:34528 msgid "disks encrypting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:34514 +#: book.translate.xml:34533 msgid "" "FreeBSD offers excellent online protections against unauthorized data " "access. File permissions and Mandatory Access ControlGEOM-based cryptographic " @@ -51400,7 +51387,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:34534 +#: book.translate.xml:34553 msgid "" "This chapter demonstrates how to create an encrypted file system on FreeBSD. " "It first demonstrates the process using gbde and then " @@ -51408,12 +51395,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:34540 +#: book.translate.xml:34559 msgid "Disk Encryption with gbde" msgstr "使用 gbde 做磁碟加密" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34543 +#: book.translate.xml:34562 msgid "" "The objective of the gbde4 facility is to provide " @@ -51427,7 +51414,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34554 +#: book.translate.xml:34573 msgid "" "This facility provides several barriers to protect the data stored in each " "disk sector. It encrypts the contents of a disk sector using 128-bit " @@ -51440,31 +51427,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34563 +#: book.translate.xml:34582 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides a kernel module for gbde which " "can be loaded with this command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34567 +#: book.translate.xml:34586 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload geom_bde" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34569 +#: book.translate.xml:34588 msgid "" "If using a custom kernel configuration file, ensure it contains this line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34572 +#: book.translate.xml:34591 msgid "options GEOM_BDE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34574 +#: book.translate.xml:34593 msgid "" "The following example demonstrates adding a new hard drive to a system that " "will hold a single encrypted partition that will be mounted as /" @@ -51472,17 +51459,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:34579 +#: book.translate.xml:34598 msgid "Encrypting a Partition with gbde" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:34583 +#: book.translate.xml:34602 msgid "Add the New Hard Drive" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34585 +#: book.translate.xml:34604 msgid "" "Install the new drive to the system as explained in . For the purposes of this example, a new hard drive partition has " @@ -51492,7 +51479,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34592 +#: book.translate.xml:34611 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ls /dev/ad*\n" @@ -51502,18 +51489,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:34599 +#: book.translate.xml:34618 msgid "Create a Directory to Hold gbde Lock Files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34602 +#: book.translate.xml:34621 #, no-wrap msgid "# mkdir /etc/gbde" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34604 +#: book.translate.xml:34623 msgid "" "The gbde lock file contains information that " "gbde requires to access encrypted partitions. " @@ -51524,12 +51511,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:34615 +#: book.translate.xml:34634 msgid "Initialize the gbde Partition" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34618 +#: book.translate.xml:34637 msgid "" "A gbde partition must be initialized before it " "can be used. This initialization needs to be performed only once. This " @@ -51539,10 +51526,11 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34626 +#: book.translate.xml:34645 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"# gbde init /dev/ad4s1c -i -L /etc/gbde/ad4s1c.lock# $FreeBSD$\n" +"# gbde init /dev/ad4s1c -i -L /etc/gbde/ad4s1c.lock\n" +"# <_:phrase-1/>\n" "#\n" "# Sector size is the smallest unit of data which can be read or written.\n" "# Making it too small decreases performance and decreases available space.\n" @@ -51554,7 +51542,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34636 +#: book.translate.xml:34656 msgid "" "Once the edit is saved, the user will be asked twice to type the passphrase " "used to secure the data. The passphrase must be the same both times. The " @@ -51566,7 +51554,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34644 +#: book.translate.xml:34664 msgid "" "This initialization creates a lock file for the gbde partition. In this example, it is stored as /etc/gbde/" @@ -51576,7 +51564,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: caution/para -#: book.translate.xml:34653 +#: book.translate.xml:34673 msgid "" "Lock files must be backed up together with the contents " "of any encrypted partitions. Without the lock file, the legitimate owner " @@ -51584,18 +51572,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:34662 +#: book.translate.xml:34682 msgid "Attach the Encrypted Partition to the Kernel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34665 +#: book.translate.xml:34685 #, no-wrap msgid "# gbde attach /dev/ad4s1c -l /etc/gbde/ad4s1c.lock" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34667 +#: book.translate.xml:34687 msgid "" "This command will prompt to input the passphrase that was selected during " "the initialization of the encrypted partition. The new encrypted device will " @@ -51604,7 +51592,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34673 +#: book.translate.xml:34693 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ls /dev/ad*\n" @@ -51614,12 +51602,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:34680 +#: book.translate.xml:34700 msgid "Create a File System on the Encrypted Device" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34683 +#: book.translate.xml:34703 msgid "" "Once the encrypted device has been attached to the kernel, a file system can " "be created on the device. This example creates a UFS file " @@ -51628,23 +51616,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34691 +#: book.translate.xml:34711 #, no-wrap msgid "# newfs -U /dev/ad4s1c.bde" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:34695 +#: book.translate.xml:34715 msgid "Mount the Encrypted Partition" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34697 +#: book.translate.xml:34717 msgid "Create a mount point and mount the encrypted file system:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34700 +#: book.translate.xml:34720 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /private\n" @@ -51652,17 +51640,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:34705 +#: book.translate.xml:34725 msgid "Verify That the Encrypted File System is Available" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34708 +#: book.translate.xml:34728 msgid "The encrypted file system should now be visible and available for use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34711 +#: book.translate.xml:34731 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% df -H\n" @@ -51676,7 +51664,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34722 +#: book.translate.xml:34742 msgid "" "After each boot, any encrypted file systems must be manually re-attached to " "the kernel, checked for errors, and mounted, before the file systems can be " @@ -51685,7 +51673,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:34728 +#: book.translate.xml:34748 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gbde_autoattach_all=\"YES\"\n" @@ -51694,7 +51682,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34732 +#: book.translate.xml:34752 msgid "" "This requires that the passphrase be entered at the console at boot time. " "After typing the correct passphrase, the encrypted partition will be mounted " @@ -51704,7 +51692,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:34742 +#: book.translate.xml:34762 msgid "" "sysinstall is incompatible with " "gbde-encrypted devices. All *.bde# gbde detach /dev/ad4s1c" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:34756 +#: book.translate.xml:34776 msgid "Disk Encryption with geli" msgstr "使用 geli 做磁碟加密" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34769 +#: book.translate.xml:34789 msgid "" "An alternative cryptographic GEOM class is available " "using geli. This control utility adds some features and " @@ -51735,7 +51723,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:34777 +#: book.translate.xml:34797 msgid "" "Utilizes the crypto9 framework and " @@ -51743,31 +51731,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:34783 +#: book.translate.xml:34803 msgid "" "Supports multiple cryptographic algorithms such as AES, " "Blowfish, and 3DES." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:34789 +#: book.translate.xml:34809 msgid "" "Allows the root partition to be encrypted. The passphrase used to access the " "encrypted root partition will be requested during system boot." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:34795 +#: book.translate.xml:34815 msgid "Allows the use of two independent keys." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:34799 +#: book.translate.xml:34819 msgid "It is fast as it performs simple sector-to-sector encryption." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:34804 +#: book.translate.xml:34824 msgid "" "Allows backup and restore of master keys. If a user destroys their keys, it " "is still possible to get access to the data by restoring keys from the " @@ -51775,14 +51763,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:34810 +#: book.translate.xml:34830 msgid "" "Allows a disk to attach with a random, one-time key which is useful for swap " "partitions and temporary file systems." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34816 +#: book.translate.xml:34836 msgid "" "More features and usage examples can be found in " "geli8geli" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:34834 +#: book.translate.xml:34854 msgid "Load geli Support" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34836 +#: book.translate.xml:34856 msgid "" "Support for geli is available as a loadable kernel " "module. To configure the system to automatically load the module at boot " @@ -51820,31 +51808,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:34842 +#: book.translate.xml:34862 #, no-wrap msgid "geom_eli_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34844 +#: book.translate.xml:34864 msgid "To load the kernel module now:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34846 +#: book.translate.xml:34866 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload geom_eli" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34848 +#: book.translate.xml:34868 msgid "" "For a custom kernel, ensure the kernel configuration file contains these " "lines:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:34851 +#: book.translate.xml:34871 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options GEOM_ELI\n" @@ -51852,12 +51840,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:34856 +#: book.translate.xml:34876 msgid "Generate the Master Key" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34858 +#: book.translate.xml:34878 msgid "" "The following commands generate a master key (/root/da2.key) that is protected with a passphrase. The data source for the key " @@ -51867,7 +51855,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34865 +#: book.translate.xml:34885 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# dd if=/dev/random of=/root/da2.key bs=64 count=1\n" @@ -51877,39 +51865,39 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34870 +#: book.translate.xml:34890 msgid "" "It is not mandatory to use both a passphrase and a key file as either method " "of securing the master key can be used in isolation." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34874 +#: book.translate.xml:34894 msgid "" "If the key file is given as -, standard input will be used. " "For example, this command generates three key files:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34878 +#: book.translate.xml:34898 #, no-wrap msgid "# cat keyfile1 keyfile2 keyfile3 | geli init -K - /dev/da2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:34882 +#: book.translate.xml:34902 msgid "Attach the Provider with the Generated Key" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34884 +#: book.translate.xml:34904 msgid "" "To attach the provider, specify the key file, the name of the disk, and the " "passphrase:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34887 +#: book.translate.xml:34907 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# geli attach -k /root/da2.key /dev/da2\n" @@ -51917,12 +51905,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34890 +#: book.translate.xml:34910 msgid "This creates a new device with an .eli extension:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34893 +#: book.translate.xml:34913 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ls /dev/da2*\n" @@ -51930,19 +51918,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:34898 +#: book.translate.xml:34918 msgid "Create the New File System" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34900 +#: book.translate.xml:34920 msgid "" "Next, format the device with the UFS file system and " "mount it on an existing mount point:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34904 +#: book.translate.xml:34924 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/da2.eli bs=1m\n" @@ -51951,12 +51939,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:34908 +#: book.translate.xml:34928 msgid "The encrypted file system should now be available for use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34911 +#: book.translate.xml:34931 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# df -H\n" @@ -51970,7 +51958,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34922 +#: book.translate.xml:34942 msgid "" "Once the work on the encrypted partition is done, and the /" "private partition is no longer needed, it is prudent to put the " @@ -51979,7 +51967,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:34928 +#: book.translate.xml:34948 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# umount /private\n" @@ -51987,7 +51975,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34931 +#: book.translate.xml:34951 msgid "" "A rc.d script is provided to simplify the mounting of " "geli-encrypted devices at boot time. For this example, " @@ -51995,7 +51983,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:34936 +#: book.translate.xml:34956 #, no-wrap msgid "" "geli_devices=\"da2\"\n" @@ -52003,7 +51991,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34939 +#: book.translate.xml:34959 msgid "" "This configures /dev/da2 as a geli " "provider with a master key of /root/da2.key. The system " @@ -52019,24 +52007,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:34957 +#: book.translate.xml:34977 msgid "Encrypting Swap" msgstr "交換空間加密" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:34960 +#: book.translate.xml:34980 msgid "" " Christian Brueffer Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:34970 +#: book.translate.xml:34990 msgid "swap encrypting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:34975 +#: book.translate.xml:34995 msgid "" "Like the encryption of disk partitions, encryption of swap space is used to " "protect sensitive information. Consider an application that deals with " @@ -52048,7 +52036,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:34984 +#: book.translate.xml:35004 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to configure an encrypted swap partition using " "gbde8# dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/ada0s1b bs=1m" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:34999 +#: book.translate.xml:35019 msgid "" "To encrypt the swap partition using gbde8, add the ." @@ -52085,7 +52073,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:35003 +#: book.translate.xml:35023 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Device\t\tMountpoint\tFStype\tOptions\t\tDump\tPass#\n" @@ -52093,7 +52081,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35006 +#: book.translate.xml:35026 msgid "" "To instead encrypt the swap partition using " "geli8geli8 uses the AES algorithm with a " @@ -52119,12 +52107,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:35022 +#: book.translate.xml:35042 msgid "aalgo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35024 +#: book.translate.xml:35044 msgid "" "Data integrity verification algorithm used to ensure that the encrypted data " "has not been tampered with. See geligeli8geli8swapinfo." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35074 +#: book.translate.xml:35094 msgid "" "If gbde8 is being used:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:35076 +#: book.translate.xml:35096 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% swapinfo\n" @@ -52216,14 +52204,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35080 +#: book.translate.xml:35100 msgid "" "If geli8 is being used:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:35082 +#: book.translate.xml:35102 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% swapinfo\n" @@ -52232,45 +52220,45 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:35090 +#: book.translate.xml:35110 msgid "Highly Available Storage (HAST)" msgstr "高可用存儲空間 (HAST)" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:35104 +#: book.translate.xml:35124 msgid "" " Freddie Cash With inputs from " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:35112 +#: book.translate.xml:35132 msgid "" " Pawel Jakub Dawidek " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:35119 +#: book.translate.xml:35139 msgid "" " Michael W. Lucas " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:35126 +#: book.translate.xml:35146 msgid "" " Viktor Petersson " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:35135 +#: book.translate.xml:35155 msgid "HAST high availability" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:35140 +#: book.translate.xml:35160 msgid "" "High availability is one of the main requirements in serious business " "applications and highly-available storage is a key component in such " @@ -52286,60 +52274,60 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:35154 +#: book.translate.xml:35174 msgid "The following are the main features of HAST:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35159 +#: book.translate.xml:35179 msgid "Can be used to mask I/O errors on local hard drives." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35164 +#: book.translate.xml:35184 msgid "" "File system agnostic as it works with any file system supported by FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35169 +#: book.translate.xml:35189 msgid "" "Efficient and quick resynchronization as only the blocks that were modified " "during the downtime of a node are synchronized." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35182 +#: book.translate.xml:35202 msgid "" "Can be used in an already deployed environment to add additional redundancy." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35187 +#: book.translate.xml:35207 msgid "" "Together with CARP, Heartbeat, " "or other tools, it can be used to build a robust and durable storage system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:35193 +#: book.translate.xml:35213 msgid "After reading this section, you will know:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35197 +#: book.translate.xml:35217 msgid "" "What HAST is, how it works, and which features it " "provides." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35202 +#: book.translate.xml:35222 msgid "How to set up and use HAST on FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35207 +#: book.translate.xml:35227 msgid "" "How to integrate CARP and " "devd8)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35225 +#: book.translate.xml:35245 msgid "" "Have a good understanding of FreeBSD networking ()." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:35230 +#: book.translate.xml:35250 msgid "" "The HAST project was sponsored by The FreeBSD Foundation " "with support from http://www.omc." @@ -52375,12 +52363,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:35235 +#: book.translate.xml:35255 msgid "HAST Operation" msgstr "HAST 運作模式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35237 +#: book.translate.xml:35257 msgid "" "HAST provides synchronous block-level replication between " "two physical machines: the primary, also known as the " @@ -52390,7 +52378,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35245 +#: book.translate.xml:35265 msgid "" "Since HAST works in a primary-secondary configuration, it " "allows only one of the cluster nodes to be active at any given time. The " @@ -52401,14 +52389,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35253 +#: book.translate.xml:35273 msgid "" "The physical components of the HAST system are the local " "disk on primary node, and the disk on the remote, secondary node." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35257 +#: book.translate.xml:35277 msgid "" "HAST operates synchronously on a block level, making it " "transparent to file systems and applications. HAST " @@ -52418,7 +52406,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35265 +#: book.translate.xml:35285 msgid "" "Each write, delete, or flush operation is sent to both the local disk and to " "the remote disk over TCP/IP. Each read operation is " @@ -52428,7 +52416,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35272 +#: book.translate.xml:35292 msgid "" "HAST tries to provide fast failure recovery. For this " "reason, it is important to reduce synchronization time after a node's " @@ -52438,7 +52426,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35280 +#: book.translate.xml:35300 msgid "" "There are many ways to handle synchronization. HAST " "implements several replication modes to handle different synchronization " @@ -52446,7 +52434,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35286 +#: book.translate.xml:35306 msgid "" "memsync: This mode reports a write operation as " "completed when the local write operation is finished and when the remote " @@ -52457,7 +52445,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35297 +#: book.translate.xml:35317 msgid "" "fullsync: This mode reports a write operation as " "completed when both the local write and the remote write complete. This is " @@ -52465,7 +52453,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35304 +#: book.translate.xml:35324 msgid "" "async: This mode reports a write operation as completed " "when the local write completes. This is the fastest and the most dangerous " @@ -52474,17 +52462,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:35315 +#: book.translate.xml:35335 msgid "HAST Configuration" msgstr "HAST 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35317 +#: book.translate.xml:35337 msgid "The HAST framework consists of several components:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35322 +#: book.translate.xml:35342 msgid "" "The hastd8 daemon which provides data synchronization. When " @@ -52493,14 +52481,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35328 +#: book.translate.xml:35348 msgid "" "The userland management utility, hastctl8." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35333 +#: book.translate.xml:35353 msgid "" "The hast.conf5 configuration file. This file must exist before " @@ -52508,7 +52496,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35339 +#: book.translate.xml:35359 msgid "" "Users who prefer to statically build GEOM_GATE support " "into the kernel should add this line to the custom kernel configuration " @@ -52517,13 +52505,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:35344 +#: book.translate.xml:35364 #, no-wrap msgid "options\tGEOM_GATE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35346 +#: book.translate.xml:35366 msgid "" "The following example describes how to configure two nodes in master-slave/" "primary-secondary operation using HAST to replicate the " @@ -52538,7 +52526,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35360 +#: book.translate.xml:35380 msgid "" "Configuration of HAST is done using /etc/hast." "conf. This file should be identical on both nodes. The simplest " @@ -52546,7 +52534,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:35365 +#: book.translate.xml:35385 #, no-wrap msgid "" "resource test {\n" @@ -52562,14 +52550,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35376 +#: book.translate.xml:35396 msgid "" "For more advanced configuration, refer to hast." "conf5." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:35380 +#: book.translate.xml:35400 msgid "" "It is also possible to use host names in the remote " "statements if the hosts are resolvable and defined either in /etc/" @@ -52577,7 +52565,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35387 +#: book.translate.xml:35407 msgid "" "Once the configuration exists on both nodes, the HAST " "pool can be created. Run these commands on both nodes to place the initial " @@ -52587,7 +52575,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:35392 +#: book.translate.xml:35412 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# hastctl create test\n" @@ -52595,7 +52583,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:35396 +#: book.translate.xml:35416 msgid "" "It is not possible to use GEOM " "providers with an existing file system or to convert an existing storage to " @@ -52605,7 +52593,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35405 +#: book.translate.xml:35425 msgid "" "A HAST node's primary or secondary " "role is selected by an administrator, or software like " @@ -52616,35 +52604,35 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:35412 +#: book.translate.xml:35432 #, no-wrap msgid "# hastctl role primary test" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35414 +#: book.translate.xml:35434 msgid "Run this command on the secondary node, hastb:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:35417 +#: book.translate.xml:35437 #, no-wrap msgid "# hastctl role secondary test" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35419 +#: book.translate.xml:35439 msgid "Verify the result by running hastctl on each node:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:35422 +#: book.translate.xml:35442 #, no-wrap msgid "# hastctl status test" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35424 +#: book.translate.xml:35444 msgid "" "Check the status line in the output. If it says " "degraded, something is wrong with the configuration file. " @@ -52655,7 +52643,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35433 +#: book.translate.xml:35453 msgid "" "The next step is to create a file system on the GEOM " "provider and mount it. This must be done on the primary " @@ -52665,7 +52653,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:35440 +#: book.translate.xml:35460 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# newfs -U /dev/hast/test\n" @@ -52674,7 +52662,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35444 +#: book.translate.xml:35464 msgid "" "Once the HAST framework is configured properly, the final " "step is to make sure that HAST is started automatically " @@ -52682,18 +52670,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:35450 +#: book.translate.xml:35470 #, no-wrap msgid "hastd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:35453 +#: book.translate.xml:35473 msgid "Failover Configuration" msgstr "容錯移轉設定" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:35455 +#: book.translate.xml:35475 msgid "" "The goal of this example is to build a robust storage system which is " "resistant to the failure of any given node. If the primary node fails, the " @@ -52702,7 +52690,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:35462 +#: book.translate.xml:35482 msgid "" "To accomplish this task, the Common Address Redundancy Protocol " "(CARP) is used to provide for automatic failover at the " @@ -52717,7 +52705,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:35475 +#: book.translate.xml:35495 msgid "" "The HAST pool created in the previous section is now " "ready to be exported to the other hosts on the network. This can be " @@ -52728,7 +52716,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:35485 +#: book.translate.xml:35505 msgid "" "In the event of CARP interfaces going up or down, the " "FreeBSD operating system generates a devdCARP interfaces, add this " "configuration to /etc/devd.conf on each node:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:35498 +#: book.translate.xml:35518 #, no-wrap msgid "" "notify 30 {\n" @@ -52767,14 +52755,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:35513 +#: book.translate.xml:35533 msgid "" "If the systems are running FreeBSD 10 or higher, replace carp0 with the name of the CARP-configured interface." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:35518 +#: book.translate.xml:35538 msgid "" "Restart devd8 on both nodes to put the new configuration into " @@ -52782,13 +52770,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:35521 +#: book.translate.xml:35541 #, no-wrap msgid "# service devd restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:35523 +#: book.translate.xml:35543 msgid "" "When the specified interface state changes by going up or down , the system " "generates a notification, allowing the devdHAST pool to primary on the other node." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35628 +#: book.translate.xml:35648 msgid "Checks the file system under the HAST pool." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35633 +#: book.translate.xml:35653 msgid "Mounts the pool." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:35637 +#: book.translate.xml:35657 msgid "When a node becomes secondary:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35641 +#: book.translate.xml:35661 msgid "Unmounts the HAST pool." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35645 +#: book.translate.xml:35665 msgid "Degrades the HAST pool to secondary." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: caution/para -#: book.translate.xml:35651 +#: book.translate.xml:35671 msgid "" "This is just an example script which serves as a proof of concept. It does " "not handle all the possible scenarios and can be extended or altered in any " @@ -52938,7 +52926,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:35658 +#: book.translate.xml:35678 msgid "" "For this example, a standard UFS file system was used. To " "reduce the time needed for recovery, a journal-enabled UFShttp://wiki.FreeBSD.org/HASTHAST should generally work without issues. However, as " "with any other software product, there may be times when it does not work as " @@ -52964,7 +52952,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:35680 +#: book.translate.xml:35700 msgid "" "When troubleshooting HAST, the debugging level of " "hastd8Split-brain occurs when the nodes of the cluster are " "unable to communicate with each other, and both are configured as primary. " @@ -52990,7 +52978,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:35698 +#: book.translate.xml:35718 msgid "" "The administrator must either decide which node has more important changes, " "or perform the merge manually. Then, let HAST perform " @@ -52999,7 +52987,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:35705 +#: book.translate.xml:35725 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# hastctl role init test\n" @@ -53008,26 +52996,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:35722 +#: book.translate.xml:35742 msgid "GEOM: Modular Disk Transformation Framework" msgstr "GEOM: 模組化磁碟轉換框架" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:35738 book.translate.xml:35822 book.translate.xml:35963 -#: book.translate.xml:36596 book.translate.xml:36744 book.translate.xml:37109 -#: book.translate.xml:37313 +#: book.translate.xml:35758 book.translate.xml:35842 book.translate.xml:35983 +#: book.translate.xml:36616 book.translate.xml:36764 book.translate.xml:37129 +#: book.translate.xml:37333 msgid "GEOM" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:35741 +#: book.translate.xml:35761 msgid "" "GEOM Disk Framework " "GEOM" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:35746 +#: book.translate.xml:35766 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, the GEOM framework permits access and control " "to classes, such as Master Boot Records and BSD labels, " @@ -53043,7 +53031,7 @@ "的存取。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:35754 +#: book.translate.xml:35774 msgid "" "This chapter covers the use of disks under the GEOM " "framework in FreeBSD. This includes the major RAID " @@ -53054,63 +53042,63 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35766 +#: book.translate.xml:35786 msgid "" "What type of RAID support is available through " "GEOM." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35771 +#: book.translate.xml:35791 msgid "" "How to use the base utilities to configure, maintain, and manipulate the " "various RAID levels." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35777 +#: book.translate.xml:35797 msgid "" "How to mirror, stripe, encrypt, and remotely connect disk devices through " "GEOM." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35782 +#: book.translate.xml:35802 msgid "" "How to troubleshoot disks attached to the GEOM framework." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35791 +#: book.translate.xml:35811 msgid "Understand how FreeBSD treats disk devices ()." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:35795 +#: book.translate.xml:35815 msgid "" "Know how to configure and install a new kernel ()." msgstr "了解如何設定並安裝新的核心 ()。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:35802 +#: book.translate.xml:35822 msgid "RAID0 - Striping" msgstr "RAID0 - 串連 (Striping)" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:35813 book.translate.xml:36587 book.translate.xml:62007 +#: book.translate.xml:35833 book.translate.xml:36607 book.translate.xml:62390 msgid "" " Murray Stokely " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:35825 +#: book.translate.xml:35845 msgid "Striping" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:35829 +#: book.translate.xml:35849 msgid "" "Striping combines several disk drives into a single volume. Striping can be " "performed through the use of hardware RAID controllers. " @@ -53124,7 +53112,7 @@ "acronym> 磁碟控制器。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:35837 +#: book.translate.xml:35857 msgid "" "In RAID0, data is split into blocks that are written " "across all the drives in the array. As seen in the following illustration, " @@ -53144,13 +53132,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:35848 +#: book.translate.xml:35868 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='geom/striping' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/mediaobject -#: book.translate.xml:35846 +#: book.translate.xml:35866 msgid "" " Disk Striping Illustration RAID0 stripe must be of the same size, " "since I/O requests are interleaved to read or write to " @@ -53168,7 +53156,7 @@ "O 的請求是平行交錯讀取或寫入到多個磁碟的。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:35862 +#: book.translate.xml:35882 msgid "" "RAID0 does not provide any " "redundancy. This means that if one disk in the array fails, all of the data " @@ -53180,7 +53168,7 @@ "若資料很重要，請規畫備份策略，定期儲存備份到遠端系統或裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:35869 +#: book.translate.xml:35889 msgid "" "The process for creating a software, GEOM-based " "RAID0 on a FreeBSD system using commodity disks is as " @@ -53191,23 +53179,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:35876 +#: book.translate.xml:35896 msgid "Creating a Stripe of Unformatted ATA Disks" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:35880 +#: book.translate.xml:35900 msgid "Load the geom_stripe.ko module:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:35883 +#: book.translate.xml:35903 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload geom_stripe" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:35887 +#: book.translate.xml:35907 msgid "" "Ensure that a suitable mount point exists. If this volume will become a root " "partition, then temporarily use another mount point such as /mnt# gstripe label -v st0 /dev/ad2 /dev/ad3\n" @@ -53234,20 +53222,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:35908 +#: book.translate.xml:35928 msgid "" "Write a standard label, also known as a partition table, on the new volume " "and install the default bootstrap code:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:35912 +#: book.translate.xml:35932 #, no-wrap msgid "# bsdlabel -wB /dev/stripe/st0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:35916 +#: book.translate.xml:35936 msgid "" "This process should create two other devices in /dev/stripe in addition to st0. Those include " @@ -53257,13 +53245,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:35924 +#: book.translate.xml:35944 #, no-wrap msgid "# newfs -U /dev/stripe/st0a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:35926 +#: book.translate.xml:35946 msgid "" "Many numbers will glide across the screen, and after a few seconds, the " "process will be complete. The volume has been created and is ready to be " @@ -53271,18 +53259,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:35932 +#: book.translate.xml:35952 msgid "To manually mount the created disk stripe:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:35934 +#: book.translate.xml:35954 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount /dev/stripe/st0a /mnt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:35938 +#: book.translate.xml:35958 msgid "" "To mount this striped file system automatically during the boot process, " "place the volume information in /etc/fstab. In this " @@ -53291,7 +53279,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:35944 +#: book.translate.xml:35964 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mkdir /stripe\n" @@ -53300,7 +53288,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:35950 +#: book.translate.xml:35970 msgid "" "The geom_stripe.ko module must also be automatically " "loaded during system initialization, by adding a line to /boot/" @@ -53308,28 +53296,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:35955 +#: book.translate.xml:35975 #, no-wrap msgid "# echo 'geom_stripe_load=\"YES\"' >> /boot/loader.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:35961 +#: book.translate.xml:35981 msgid "RAID1 - Mirroring" msgstr "RAID1 - 鏡像 (Mirroring)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:35966 +#: book.translate.xml:35986 msgid "Disk Mirroring" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:35969 +#: book.translate.xml:35989 msgid "RAID1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:35973 +#: book.translate.xml:35993 msgid "" "RAID1, or mirroring, is the " "technique of writing the same data to more than one disk drive. Mirrors are " @@ -53346,7 +53334,7 @@ "者中斷運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:35983 +#: book.translate.xml:36003 msgid "" "Two common situations are illustrated in these examples. The first creates a " "mirror out of two new drives and uses it as a replacement for an existing " @@ -53357,7 +53345,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:35991 +#: book.translate.xml:36011 msgid "" "Traditionally, the two drives in a mirror are identical in model and " "capacity, but gmirrordump8 is used in these procedures to copy file systems, " @@ -53387,12 +53375,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:36013 +#: book.translate.xml:36033 msgid "Metadata Issues" msgstr "Metadata 問題" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36015 +#: book.translate.xml:36035 msgid "" "Many disk systems store metadata at the end of each disk. Old metadata " "should be erased before reusing the disk for a mirror. Most problems are " @@ -53401,7 +53389,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36021 +#: book.translate.xml:36041 msgid "" "GPT metadata can be erased with " "gpart8# gpart destroy -F ada8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36028 +#: book.translate.xml:36048 msgid "" "A disk can be removed from an active mirror and the metadata erased in one " "step using gmirror8# gmirror remove gm4 ada8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36035 +#: book.translate.xml:36055 msgid "" "If the mirror is not running, but old mirror metadata is still on the disk, " "use gmirror clear to remove it:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36039 +#: book.translate.xml:36059 #, no-wrap msgid "# gmirror clear ada8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36041 +#: book.translate.xml:36061 msgid "" "gmirror8 stores one block of metadata at the end of the " @@ -53457,12 +53445,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:36051 +#: book.translate.xml:36071 msgid "Creating a Mirror with Two New Disks" msgstr "使用兩個新磁碟建立鏡像" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36053 +#: book.translate.xml:36073 msgid "" "In this example, FreeBSD has already been installed on a single disk, " "ada0. Two new disks, ada1 and " @@ -53471,7 +53459,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36060 +#: book.translate.xml:36080 msgid "" "The geom_mirror.ko kernel module must either be built " "into the kernel or loaded at boot- or run-time. Manually load the kernel " @@ -53479,24 +53467,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36064 book.translate.xml:36191 +#: book.translate.xml:36084 book.translate.xml:36211 #, no-wrap msgid "# gmirror load" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36066 +#: book.translate.xml:36086 msgid "Create the mirror with the two new drives:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36068 +#: book.translate.xml:36088 #, no-wrap msgid "# gmirror label -v gm0 /dev/ada1 /dev/ada2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36070 +#: book.translate.xml:36090 msgid "" "gm0 is a user-chosen device name assigned to the new " "mirror. After the mirror has been started, this device name appears in " @@ -53504,7 +53492,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36075 +#: book.translate.xml:36095 msgid "" "MBR and bsdlabel partition " "tables can now be created on the mirror with " @@ -53516,7 +53504,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36084 +#: book.translate.xml:36104 msgid "" "Partitions on the mirror do not have to be the same size as those on the " "existing disk, but they must be large enough to hold all the data already " @@ -53524,7 +53512,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36089 +#: book.translate.xml:36109 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart create -s MBR mirror/gm0\n" @@ -53537,7 +53525,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36097 +#: book.translate.xml:36117 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart create -s BSD mirror/gm0s1\n" @@ -53558,14 +53546,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36113 book.translate.xml:36335 +#: book.translate.xml:36133 book.translate.xml:36355 msgid "" "Make the mirror bootable by installing bootcode in the MBR and bsdlabel and setting the active slice:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36117 book.translate.xml:36339 +#: book.translate.xml:36137 book.translate.xml:36359 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart bootcode -b /boot/mbr mirror/gm0\n" @@ -53574,12 +53562,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36121 +#: book.translate.xml:36141 msgid "Format the file systems on the new mirror, enabling soft-updates." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36124 +#: book.translate.xml:36144 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# newfs -U /dev/mirror/gm0s1a\n" @@ -53589,7 +53577,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36129 +#: book.translate.xml:36149 msgid "" "File systems from the original ada0 disk can now be " "copied onto the mirror with dump# mount /dev/mirror/gm0s1a /mnt\n" @@ -53613,14 +53601,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36142 +#: book.translate.xml:36162 msgid "" "Edit /mnt/etc/fstab to point to the new mirror file " "systems:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:36145 +#: book.translate.xml:36165 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Device\t\tMountpoint\tFStype\tOptions\tDump\tPass#\n" @@ -53632,7 +53620,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36152 +#: book.translate.xml:36172 msgid "" "If the geom_mirror.ko kernel module has not been built " "into the kernel, /mnt/boot/loader.conf is edited to " @@ -53640,13 +53628,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:36157 book.translate.xml:36366 book.translate.xml:36486 +#: book.translate.xml:36177 book.translate.xml:36386 book.translate.xml:36506 #, no-wrap msgid "geom_mirror_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36159 +#: book.translate.xml:36179 msgid "" "Reboot the system to test the new mirror and verify that all data has been " "copied. The BIOS will see the mirror as two individual " @@ -53655,7 +53643,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36165 +#: book.translate.xml:36185 msgid "" "See if there are problems " "booting. Powering down and disconnecting the original ada0ada0. A new disk, ada1, has been " @@ -53686,18 +53674,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36188 +#: book.translate.xml:36208 msgid "Load the geom_mirror.ko kernel module:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36193 +#: book.translate.xml:36213 msgid "" "Check the media size of the original disk with diskinfo:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36196 +#: book.translate.xml:36216 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# diskinfo -v ada0 | head -n3\n" @@ -53707,7 +53695,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36201 +#: book.translate.xml:36221 msgid "" "Create a mirror on the new disk. To make certain that the mirror capacity is " "not any larger than the original ada0 drive, " @@ -53724,7 +53712,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36214 +#: book.translate.xml:36234 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# geom zero load\n" @@ -53734,7 +53722,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36219 +#: book.translate.xml:36239 msgid "" "Since gzero.nop does not store any data, the mirror " "does not see it as connected. The mirror is told to forget " @@ -53744,7 +53732,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36226 +#: book.translate.xml:36246 msgid "" "After creating gm0, view the partition table on " "ada0. This output is from a 1 TB drive. If there is " @@ -53753,7 +53741,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36232 +#: book.translate.xml:36252 msgid "" "However, if the output shows that all of the space on the disk is allocated, " "as in the following listing, there is no space available for the 512-byte " @@ -53761,7 +53749,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36237 +#: book.translate.xml:36257 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart show ada0\n" @@ -53770,7 +53758,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36241 +#: book.translate.xml:36261 msgid "" "In this case, the partition table must be edited to reduce the capacity by " "one sector on mirror/gm0. The procedure will be " @@ -53778,14 +53766,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36245 +#: book.translate.xml:36265 msgid "" "In either case, partition tables on the primary disk should be first copied " "using gpart backup and gpart restore." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36249 +#: book.translate.xml:36269 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart backup ada0 > table.ada0\n" @@ -53793,14 +53781,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36252 +#: book.translate.xml:36272 msgid "" "These commands create two files, table.ada0 and " "table.ada0s1. This example is from a 1 TB drive:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36257 +#: book.translate.xml:36277 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cat table.ada0\n" @@ -53809,7 +53797,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36261 +#: book.translate.xml:36281 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cat table.ada0s1\n" @@ -53823,7 +53811,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36270 +#: book.translate.xml:36290 msgid "" "If no free space is shown at the end of the disk, the size of both the slice " "and the last partition must be reduced by one sector. Edit the two files, " @@ -53832,7 +53820,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36276 +#: book.translate.xml:36296 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cat table.ada0\n" @@ -53841,7 +53829,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36280 +#: book.translate.xml:36300 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cat table.ada0s1\n" @@ -53855,19 +53843,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36289 +#: book.translate.xml:36309 msgid "" "If at least one sector was unallocated at the end of the disk, these two " "files can be used without modification." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36292 +#: book.translate.xml:36312 msgid "Now restore the partition table into mirror/gm0:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36295 +#: book.translate.xml:36315 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart restore mirror/gm0 < table.ada0\n" @@ -53875,7 +53863,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36298 +#: book.translate.xml:36318 msgid "" "Check the partition table with gpart show. This example " "has gm0s1a for /, " @@ -53886,7 +53874,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36307 +#: book.translate.xml:36327 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart show mirror/gm0\n" @@ -53906,21 +53894,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36322 +#: book.translate.xml:36342 msgid "" "Both the slice and the last partition must have at least one free block at " "the end of the disk." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36325 +#: book.translate.xml:36345 msgid "" "Create file systems on these new partitions. The number of partitions will " "vary to match the original disk, ada0." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36329 +#: book.translate.xml:36349 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# newfs -U /dev/mirror/gm0s1a\n" @@ -53931,7 +53919,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36343 +#: book.translate.xml:36363 msgid "" "Adjust /etc/fstab to use the new partitions on the " "mirror. Back up this file first by copying it to /etc/fstab.orig# cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.orig" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36349 +#: book.translate.xml:36369 msgid "" "Edit /etc/fstab, replacing /dev/ada0 with mirror/gm0." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:36353 +#: book.translate.xml:36373 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Device\t\tMountpoint\tFStype\tOptions\tDump\tPass#\n" @@ -53965,7 +53953,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36361 +#: book.translate.xml:36381 msgid "" "If the geom_mirror.ko kernel module has not been built " "into the kernel, edit /boot/loader.conf to load it at " @@ -53973,7 +53961,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36368 +#: book.translate.xml:36388 msgid "" "File systems from the original disk can now be copied onto the mirror with " "dump8# mount /dev/mirror/gm0s1a /mnt\n" @@ -54000,7 +53988,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36384 +#: book.translate.xml:36404 msgid "" "Restart the system, booting from ada1. If everything is " "working, the system will boot from mirror/gm0, which " @@ -54009,21 +53997,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36391 +#: book.translate.xml:36411 msgid "" "At this point, the mirror still consists of only the single ada1 disk." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36394 +#: book.translate.xml:36414 msgid "" "After booting from mirror/gm0 successfully, the final " "step is inserting ada0 into the mirror." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: important/para -#: book.translate.xml:36399 +#: book.translate.xml:36419 msgid "" "When ada0 is inserted into the mirror, its former " "contents will be overwritten by data from the mirror. Make certain that " @@ -54038,7 +54026,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36412 +#: book.translate.xml:36432 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gmirror insert gm0 ada0\n" @@ -54046,14 +54034,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36415 +#: book.translate.xml:36435 msgid "" "Synchronization between the two disks will start immediately. Use " "gmirror status to view the progress." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36419 +#: book.translate.xml:36439 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gmirror status\n" @@ -54063,12 +54051,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36424 +#: book.translate.xml:36444 msgid "After a while, synchronization will finish." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36426 +#: book.translate.xml:36446 #, no-wrap msgid "" "GEOM_MIRROR: Device gm0: rebuilding provider ada0 finished.\n" @@ -54079,7 +54067,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36432 +#: book.translate.xml:36452 msgid "" "mirror/gm0 now consists of the two disks " "ada0 and ada1, and the contents " @@ -54088,7 +54076,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36443 +#: book.translate.xml:36463 msgid "" "If the system no longer boots, BIOS settings may have to " "be changed to boot from one of the new mirrored drives. Either mirror drive " @@ -54096,14 +54084,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36448 +#: book.translate.xml:36468 msgid "" "If the boot stops with this message, something is wrong with the mirror " "device:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36451 +#: book.translate.xml:36471 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Mounting from ufs:/dev/mirror/gm0s1a failed with error 19.\n" @@ -54130,7 +54118,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36473 +#: book.translate.xml:36493 msgid "" "Forgetting to load the geom_mirror.ko module in " "/boot/loader.conf can cause this problem. To fix it, " @@ -54139,7 +54127,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36480 +#: book.translate.xml:36500 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gmirror load\n" @@ -54147,19 +54135,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36483 +#: book.translate.xml:36503 msgid "" "Edit /mnt/boot/loader.conf, adding a line to load the " "mirror module:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36488 +#: book.translate.xml:36508 msgid "Save the file and reboot." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36490 +#: book.translate.xml:36510 msgid "" "Other problems that cause error 19 require more " "effort to fix. Although the system should boot from ada0degraded mode with only one drive. The mirror is told to " @@ -54214,13 +54202,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36529 +#: book.translate.xml:36549 #, no-wrap msgid "# gmirror forget gm0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36531 +#: book.translate.xml:36551 msgid "" "Any old metadata should be cleared from the replacement disk using the " "instructions in . Then the " @@ -54229,13 +54217,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36537 +#: book.translate.xml:36557 #, no-wrap msgid "# gmirror insert gm0 /dev/ada4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36539 +#: book.translate.xml:36559 msgid "" "Resynchronization begins when the new drive is inserted into the mirror. " "This process of copying mirror data to a new drive can take a while. " @@ -54244,7 +54232,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36545 +#: book.translate.xml:36565 msgid "" "Progress can be monitored with gmirror status, which " "shows drives that are being synchronized and the percentage of completion. " @@ -54254,38 +54242,38 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:36558 +#: book.translate.xml:36578 msgid "RAID3 - Byte-level Striping with Dedicated Parity" msgstr "RAID3 - 位元級串連與獨立奇偶校驗" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:36562 +#: book.translate.xml:36582 msgid "" " Mark Gladman Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:36570 +#: book.translate.xml:36590 msgid "" " Daniel Gerzo " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:36579 +#: book.translate.xml:36599 msgid "" " Tom Rhodes Based on documentation by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:36599 +#: book.translate.xml:36619 msgid "RAID3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:36603 +#: book.translate.xml:36623 msgid "" "RAID3 is a method used to combine several disk drives " "into a single volume with a dedicated parity disk. In a RAIDRAID3 array. Each disk must be of the same size, since I/ORAID3 " "on a FreeBSD system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:36629 +#: book.translate.xml:36649 msgid "" "While it is theoretically possible to boot from a RAID3 " "array on FreeBSD, that configuration is uncommon and is not advised." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:36635 +#: book.translate.xml:36655 msgid "Creating a Dedicated RAID3 Array" msgstr "建立 Dedicated RAID3 陣列" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36638 +#: book.translate.xml:36658 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, support for RAID3 is implemented by the " "graid38geom_raid3.ko kernel module by issuing " "one of the following commands:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36649 +#: book.translate.xml:36669 #, no-wrap msgid "# graid3 load" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:36651 +#: book.translate.xml:36671 msgid "or:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36653 +#: book.translate.xml:36673 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload geom_raid3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:36657 +#: book.translate.xml:36677 msgid "" "Ensure that a suitable mount point exists. This command creates a new " "directory to use as the mount point:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36661 +#: book.translate.xml:36681 #, no-wrap msgid "# mkdir /multimedia" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:36665 +#: book.translate.xml:36685 msgid "" "Determine the device names for the disks which will be added to the array, " "and create the new RAID3 device. The final device listed " @@ -54387,7 +54375,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36676 +#: book.translate.xml:36696 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# graid3 label -v gr0 /dev/ada1 /dev/ada2 /dev/ada3\n" @@ -54398,14 +54386,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:36684 +#: book.translate.xml:36704 msgid "" "Partition the newly created gr0 device and put a " "UFS file system on it:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36688 +#: book.translate.xml:36708 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gpart create -s GPT /dev/raid3/gr0\n" @@ -54414,7 +54402,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:36692 +#: book.translate.xml:36712 msgid "" "Many numbers will glide across the screen, and after a bit of time, the " "process will be complete. The volume has been created and is ready to be " @@ -54422,25 +54410,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36696 +#: book.translate.xml:36716 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount /dev/raid3/gr0p1 /multimedia/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:36698 +#: book.translate.xml:36718 msgid "The RAID3 array is now ready to use." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36703 +#: book.translate.xml:36723 msgid "" "Additional configuration is needed to retain this setup across system " "reboots." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:36708 +#: book.translate.xml:36728 msgid "" "The geom_raid3.ko module must be loaded before the " "array can be mounted. To automatically load the kernel module during system " @@ -54449,13 +54437,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:36714 +#: book.translate.xml:36734 #, no-wrap msgid "geom_raid3_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:36718 +#: book.translate.xml:36738 msgid "" "The following volume information must be added to /etc/fstab in order to automatically mount the array's file system during the " @@ -54463,32 +54451,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:36723 +#: book.translate.xml:36743 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/raid3/gr0p1\t/multimedia\tufs\trw\t2\t2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:36731 +#: book.translate.xml:36751 msgid "Software RAID Devices" msgstr "軟體 RAID 裝置" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:36734 +#: book.translate.xml:36754 msgid "" " Warren Block Originally contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:36747 +#: book.translate.xml:36767 msgid "" "Software RAID Devices Hardware-assisted RAID" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:36752 +#: book.translate.xml:36772 msgid "" "Some motherboards and expansion cards add some simple hardware, usually just " "a ROM, that allows the computer to boot from a " @@ -54501,7 +54489,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:36763 +#: book.translate.xml:36783 msgid "" "Several levels of RAID are supported, depending on the " "hardware in use. See graidgraid8 requires the geom_raid.ko kernel module, " @@ -54519,12 +54507,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:36774 +#: book.translate.xml:36794 msgid "Creating an Array" msgstr "建立陣列" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36776 +#: book.translate.xml:36796 msgid "" "Software RAID devices often have a menu that can be " "entered by pressing special keys when the computer is booting. The menu can " @@ -54534,7 +54522,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36782 +#: book.translate.xml:36802 msgid "" "graid label is used to create a new array. The " "motherboard used for this example has an Intel software RAID# graid label Intel gm0 RAID1 ada0 ada1\n" @@ -54568,13 +54556,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36808 +#: book.translate.xml:36828 msgid "A status check shows the new mirror is ready for use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36811 book.translate.xml:37017 +#: book.translate.xml:36831 book.translate.xml:37037 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# graid status\n" @@ -54584,7 +54572,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36816 +#: book.translate.xml:36836 msgid "" "The array device appears in /dev/raid/. The first array " "is called r0. Additional arrays, if present, will be " @@ -54592,7 +54580,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36822 +#: book.translate.xml:36842 msgid "" "The BIOS menu on some of these devices can create arrays " "with special characters in their names. To avoid problems with those special " @@ -54603,18 +54591,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36829 +#: book.translate.xml:36849 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl kern.geom.raid.name_format=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:36833 +#: book.translate.xml:36853 msgid "Multiple Volumes" msgstr "多磁碟區" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36835 +#: book.translate.xml:36855 msgid "" "Some software RAID devices support more than one " "volume on an array. Volumes work like partitions, " @@ -54626,7 +54614,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36845 +#: book.translate.xml:36865 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# graid label -S 40G Intel gm0 RAID1 ada0 ada1\n" @@ -54634,7 +54622,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36848 +#: book.translate.xml:36868 msgid "" "Volumes appear as additional rX entries in /dev/raid/. An array with two " @@ -54642,7 +54630,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36854 +#: book.translate.xml:36874 msgid "" "See graid8 for the number of volumes supported by different " @@ -54650,12 +54638,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:36859 +#: book.translate.xml:36879 msgid "Converting a Single Drive to a Mirror" msgstr "轉換單一磁碟為鏡像" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36861 +#: book.translate.xml:36881 msgid "" "Under certain specific conditions, it is possible to convert an existing " "single drive to a graidMBR partitioning " "scheme. GPT or other partitioning schemes with metadata " @@ -54675,7 +54663,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:36877 +#: book.translate.xml:36897 msgid "" "There must be enough unpartitioned and unused space at the end of the drive " "to hold the graid8# graid label Intel gm0 RAID1 ada0 NONE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36891 +#: book.translate.xml:36911 msgid "" "graid8 metadata was written to the end of the drive in the unused " @@ -54705,13 +54693,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36895 +#: book.translate.xml:36915 #, no-wrap msgid "# graid insert raid/r0 ada1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36897 +#: book.translate.xml:36917 msgid "" "Data from the original drive will immediately begin to be copied to the " "second drive. The mirror will operate in degraded status until the copy is " @@ -54719,12 +54707,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:36903 +#: book.translate.xml:36923 msgid "Inserting New Drives into the Array" msgstr "插入新磁碟到陣列" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36905 +#: book.translate.xml:36925 msgid "" "Drives can be inserted into an array as replacements for drives that have " "failed or are missing. If there are no failed or missing drives, the new " @@ -54734,7 +54722,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36912 +#: book.translate.xml:36932 msgid "" "In the example mirror array, data immediately begins to be copied to the " "newly-inserted drive. Any existing information on the new drive will be " @@ -54742,7 +54730,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36916 +#: book.translate.xml:36936 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# graid insert raid/r0 ada1\n" @@ -54753,19 +54741,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:36924 +#: book.translate.xml:36944 msgid "Removing Drives from the Array" msgstr "從陣列移除磁碟" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36926 +#: book.translate.xml:36946 msgid "" "Individual drives can be permanently removed from a from an array and their " "metadata erased:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36929 +#: book.translate.xml:36949 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# graid remove raid/r0 ada1\n" @@ -54775,30 +54763,30 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:36936 +#: book.translate.xml:36956 msgid "Stopping the Array" msgstr "停止陣列" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36938 +#: book.translate.xml:36958 msgid "" "An array can be stopped without removing metadata from the drives. The array " "will be restarted when the system is booted." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36942 +#: book.translate.xml:36962 #, no-wrap msgid "# graid stop raid/r0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:36946 +#: book.translate.xml:36966 msgid "Checking Array Status" msgstr "檢查陣列狀態" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36948 +#: book.translate.xml:36968 msgid "" "Array status can be checked at any time. After a drive was added to the " "mirror in the example above, data is being copied from the original drive to " @@ -54806,7 +54794,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36952 +#: book.translate.xml:36972 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# graid status\n" @@ -54816,7 +54804,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36957 +#: book.translate.xml:36977 msgid "" "Some types of arrays, like RAID0 or CONCAT, may not be shown in the status report if disks have failed. To see " @@ -54824,7 +54812,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36962 +#: book.translate.xml:36982 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# graid status -ga\n" @@ -54833,12 +54821,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:36968 +#: book.translate.xml:36988 msgid "Deleting Arrays" msgstr "刪除陣列" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36970 +#: book.translate.xml:36990 msgid "" "Arrays are destroyed by deleting all of the volumes from them. When the last " "volume present is deleted, the array is stopped and metadata is removed from " @@ -54847,18 +54835,18 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36974 book.translate.xml:37024 +#: book.translate.xml:36994 book.translate.xml:37044 #, no-wrap msgid "# graid delete raid/r0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:36978 +#: book.translate.xml:36998 msgid "Deleting Unexpected Arrays" msgstr "刪除預期之外的陣列" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:36980 +#: book.translate.xml:37000 msgid "" "Drives may unexpectedly contain graid8 metadata, either from " @@ -54869,14 +54857,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:36988 +#: book.translate.xml:37008 msgid "" "Boot the system. At the boot menu, select 2 for the " "loader prompt. Enter:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:36991 +#: book.translate.xml:37011 #, no-wrap msgid "" "OK set kern.geom.raid.enable=0\n" @@ -54884,19 +54872,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:36994 +#: book.translate.xml:37014 msgid "" "The system will boot with graid8 disabled." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:36999 +#: book.translate.xml:37019 msgid "Back up all data on the affected drive." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:37003 +#: book.translate.xml:37023 msgid "" "As a workaround, graid8 array detection can be " @@ -54904,18 +54892,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:37006 +#: book.translate.xml:37026 #, no-wrap msgid "kern.geom.raid.enable=0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:37008 +#: book.translate.xml:37028 msgid "to /boot/loader.conf." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:37010 +#: book.translate.xml:37030 msgid "" "To permanently remove the graid8 metadata from the " @@ -54925,19 +54913,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:37022 +#: book.translate.xml:37042 msgid "Delete the volume by name:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:37026 +#: book.translate.xml:37046 msgid "" "If there is more than one volume shown, repeat the process for each volume. " "After the last array has been deleted, the volume will be destroyed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:37030 +#: book.translate.xml:37050 msgid "" "Reboot and verify data, restoring from backup if necessary. After the " "metadata has been removed, the kern.geom.raid.enable=0 " @@ -54945,12 +54933,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:37041 +#: book.translate.xml:37061 msgid "GEOM Gate Network" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37043 +#: book.translate.xml:37063 msgid "" "GEOM provides a simple mechanism for providing remote " "access to devices such as disks, CDs, and file systems " @@ -54963,7 +54951,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37053 +#: book.translate.xml:37073 msgid "" "Similar to NFS, which is discussed in , ggated is configured using an " @@ -54975,26 +54963,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:37063 +#: book.translate.xml:37083 #, no-wrap msgid "192.168.1.5 RW /dev/da0s4d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37065 +#: book.translate.xml:37085 msgid "" "Before exporting the device, ensure it is not currently mounted. Then, start " "ggated:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37068 +#: book.translate.xml:37088 #, no-wrap msgid "# ggated" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37070 +#: book.translate.xml:37090 msgid "" "Several options are available for specifying an alternate listening port or " "changing the default location of the exports file. Refer to " @@ -55003,7 +54991,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37074 +#: book.translate.xml:37094 msgid "" "To access the exported device on the client machine, first use " "ggatec to specify the IP address of " @@ -55016,7 +55004,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37085 +#: book.translate.xml:37105 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ggatec create -o rw 192.168.1.1 /dev/da0s4d\n" @@ -55025,7 +55013,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37089 +#: book.translate.xml:37109 msgid "" "The device on the server may now be accessed through /mnt on the client. For more details about ggatec " @@ -55034,7 +55022,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:37095 +#: book.translate.xml:37115 msgid "" "The mount will fail if the device is currently mounted on either the server " "or any other client on the network. If simultaneous access is needed to " @@ -55042,24 +55030,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37101 +#: book.translate.xml:37121 msgid "" "When the device is no longer needed, unmount it with umount so that the resource is available to other clients." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:37107 +#: book.translate.xml:37127 msgid "Labeling Disk Devices" msgstr "磁碟裝置標籤" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:37112 +#: book.translate.xml:37132 msgid "Disk Labels" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37116 +#: book.translate.xml:37136 msgid "" "During system initialization, the FreeBSD kernel creates device nodes as " "devices are found. This method of probing for devices raises some issues. " @@ -55072,7 +55060,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37128 +#: book.translate.xml:37148 msgid "" "One solution is to chain SCSI devices in order so a new " "device added to the SCSI card will be issued unused " @@ -55086,7 +55074,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37140 +#: book.translate.xml:37160 msgid "" "A better solution is to use glabel to label the disk " "devices and use the labels in /etc/fstab. Because " @@ -55097,7 +55085,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:37150 +#: book.translate.xml:37170 msgid "" "glabel can create both transient and permanent labels. " "Only permanent labels are consistent across reboots. Refer to " @@ -55106,12 +55094,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:37157 +#: book.translate.xml:37177 msgid "Label Types and Examples" msgstr "標籤類型與範例" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37159 +#: book.translate.xml:37179 msgid "" "Permanent labels can be a generic or a file system label. Permanent file " "system labels can be created with tunefs/dev/label and are suited to experimentation. A " @@ -55134,51 +55122,51 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37178 +#: book.translate.xml:37198 msgid "" "To create a permanent label for a UFS2 file system " "without destroying any data, issue the following command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37182 +#: book.translate.xml:37202 #, no-wrap msgid "# tunefs -L home /dev/da3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37184 +#: book.translate.xml:37204 msgid "" "A label should now exist in /dev/ufs which may be added " "to /etc/fstab:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:37187 +#: book.translate.xml:37207 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/ufs/home\t\t/home ufs rw 2 2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:37190 +#: book.translate.xml:37210 msgid "" "The file system must not be mounted while attempting to run tunefs." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37194 +#: book.translate.xml:37214 msgid "Now the file system may be mounted:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37196 +#: book.translate.xml:37216 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount /home" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37198 +#: book.translate.xml:37218 msgid "" "From this point on, so long as the geom_label.ko kernel " "module is loaded at boot with /boot/loader.conf or the " @@ -55187,7 +55175,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37205 +#: book.translate.xml:37225 msgid "" "File systems may also be created with a default label by using the flag with newfs. Refer to " @@ -55196,28 +55184,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37210 +#: book.translate.xml:37230 msgid "The following command can be used to destroy the label:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37213 +#: book.translate.xml:37233 #, no-wrap msgid "# glabel destroy home" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37215 +#: book.translate.xml:37235 msgid "The following example shows how to label the partitions of a boot disk." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:37219 +#: book.translate.xml:37239 msgid "Labeling Partitions on the Boot Disk" msgstr "在開機磁碟標記分割區標籤" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:37221 +#: book.translate.xml:37241 msgid "" "By permanently labeling the partitions on the boot disk, the system should " "be able to continue to boot normally, even if the disk is moved to another " @@ -55230,7 +55218,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:37235 +#: book.translate.xml:37255 msgid "" "Reboot the system, and at the loader8 prompt, press " @@ -55239,7 +55227,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37239 +#: book.translate.xml:37259 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# glabel label rootfs /dev/ad0s1a\n" @@ -55256,7 +55244,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:37251 +#: book.translate.xml:37271 msgid "" "The system will continue with multi-user boot. After the boot completes, " "edit /etc/fstab and replace the conventional device " @@ -55265,7 +55253,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:37257 +#: book.translate.xml:37277 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass#\n" @@ -55277,14 +55265,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:37264 +#: book.translate.xml:37284 msgid "" "The system can now be rebooted. If everything went well, it will come up " "normally and mount will show:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37268 +#: book.translate.xml:37288 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mount\n" @@ -55296,7 +55284,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37276 +#: book.translate.xml:37296 msgid "" "The glabel8 class supports a label type for UFS% glabel status\n" @@ -55319,7 +55307,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37292 +#: book.translate.xml:37312 msgid "" "In the above example, ad4s1d represents /var, while ad4s1f represents /usrufsid labels can be mounted in this " "way, eliminating the need to manually create permanent labels, while still " @@ -55345,17 +55333,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:37311 +#: book.translate.xml:37331 msgid "UFS Journaling Through GEOM" msgstr "UFS Journaling 透過 GEOM" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:37316 +#: book.translate.xml:37336 msgid "Journaling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37320 +#: book.translate.xml:37340 msgid "" "Support for journals on UFS file systems is available on " "FreeBSD. The implementation is provided through the GEOM " @@ -55366,7 +55354,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37329 +#: book.translate.xml:37349 msgid "" "Journaling stores a log of file system transactions, such as changes that " "make up a complete disk write operation, before meta-data and file writes " @@ -55375,7 +55363,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37335 +#: book.translate.xml:37355 msgid "" "This method provides another mechanism to protect against data loss and " "inconsistencies of the file system. Unlike Soft Updates, which tracks and " @@ -55387,7 +55375,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37344 +#: book.translate.xml:37364 msgid "" "The GENERIC kernel provides support for " "gjournal. To automatically load the " @@ -55396,26 +55384,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:37350 +#: book.translate.xml:37370 #, no-wrap msgid "geom_journal_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37352 +#: book.translate.xml:37372 msgid "" "If a custom kernel is used, ensure the following line is in the kernel " "configuration file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:37355 +#: book.translate.xml:37375 #, no-wrap msgid "options\tGEOM_JOURNAL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37357 +#: book.translate.xml:37377 msgid "" "Once the module is loaded, a journal can be created on a new file system " "using the following steps. In this example, da4 is a " @@ -55423,7 +55411,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37362 +#: book.translate.xml:37382 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# gjournal load\n" @@ -55431,21 +55419,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37365 +#: book.translate.xml:37385 msgid "" "This will load the module and create a /dev/da4.journal " "device node on /dev/da4." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37369 +#: book.translate.xml:37389 msgid "" "A UFS file system may now be created on the journaled " "device, then mounted on an existing mount point:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37373 +#: book.translate.xml:37393 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# newfs -O 2 -J /dev/da4.journal\n" @@ -55453,7 +55441,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:37377 +#: book.translate.xml:37397 msgid "" "In the case of several slices, a journal will be created for each individual " "slice. For instance, if ad4s1 and ad4s2tunefs. However, always make a " @@ -55476,7 +55464,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37395 +#: book.translate.xml:37415 msgid "" "It is possible to journal the boot disk of a FreeBSD system. Refer to the " "article ZFS)" msgstr "Z 檔案系統 (ZFS)" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:37421 +#: book.translate.xml:37441 msgid "" " Allan Jude Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:37428 +#: book.translate.xml:37448 msgid "" " Benedict Reuschling Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:37435 +#: book.translate.xml:37455 msgid "" " Warren Block Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/para -#: book.translate.xml:37445 +#: book.translate.xml:37465 msgid "" "The Z File System, or ZFS, is an " "advanced file system designed to overcome many of the major problems found " @@ -55521,7 +55509,7 @@ "以往設計中發現的主要問題的一個先進的檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/para -#: book.translate.xml:37450 +#: book.translate.xml:37470 msgid "" "Originally developed at Sun, ongoing open source " "ZFS development has moved to the 。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/para -#: book.translate.xml:37453 +#: book.translate.xml:37473 msgid "ZFS has three major design goals:" msgstr "ZFS 的設計目標主要有三個：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:37457 +#: book.translate.xml:37477 msgid "" "Data integrity: All data includes a checksum of the data. When data is written, the checksum is " @@ -55552,7 +55540,7 @@ "資料備援 (Data redundancy)，ZFS 會嘗試自動修正錯誤。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:37468 +#: book.translate.xml:37488 msgid "" "Pooled storage: physical storage devices are added to a pool, and storage " "space is allocated from that shared pool. Space is available to all file " @@ -55563,7 +55551,7 @@ "空間。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:37475 +#: book.translate.xml:37495 msgid "" "Performance: multiple caching mechanisms provide increased performance. " "ARC is an advanced memory-based read " @@ -55577,19 +55565,19 @@ "使用 ZIL。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/para -#: book.translate.xml:37485 +#: book.translate.xml:37505 msgid "" "A complete list of features and terminology is shown in ." msgstr "完整的功能清單與術語在 中有詳述。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:37489 +#: book.translate.xml:37509 msgid "What Makes ZFS Different" msgstr "什麼使 ZFS 與眾不同" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37491 +#: book.translate.xml:37511 msgid "" "ZFS is significantly different from any previous file " "system because it is more than just a file system. Combining the " @@ -55633,12 +55621,12 @@ "案系統，對建立數個不同檔案系統與資料集 (Dataset) 時有許多的好處。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:37522 +#: book.translate.xml:37542 msgid "Quick Start Guide" msgstr "快速入門指南" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37524 +#: book.translate.xml:37544 msgid "" "There is a startup mechanism that allows FreeBSD to mount ZFS pools during system initialization. To enable it, add this line to " @@ -55648,24 +55636,24 @@ "存池。要開啟這個功能，可加入此行到 /etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:37529 +#: book.translate.xml:37549 #, no-wrap msgid "zfs_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37531 +#: book.translate.xml:37551 msgid "Then start the service:" msgstr "然後啟動服務：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37533 +#: book.translate.xml:37553 #, no-wrap msgid "# service zfs start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37535 +#: book.translate.xml:37555 msgid "" "The examples in this section assume three SCSI disks with " "the device names da0, " @@ -55682,28 +55670,28 @@ "filename> 。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:37545 +#: book.translate.xml:37565 msgid "Single Disk Pool" msgstr "單磁碟儲存池" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37547 +#: book.translate.xml:37567 msgid "To create a simple, non-redundant pool using a single disk device:" msgstr "要使用一個磁碟裝置建立一個簡單、無備援的儲存池可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37550 +#: book.translate.xml:37570 #, no-wrap msgid "# zpool create example /dev/da0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37552 +#: book.translate.xml:37572 msgid "To view the new pool, review the output of df:" msgstr "要檢視這個新的儲存池，可查看 df 的輸出結果：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37555 +#: book.translate.xml:37575 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# df\n" @@ -55715,7 +55703,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37562 +#: book.translate.xml:37582 msgid "" "This output shows that the example pool has been created " "and mounted. It is now accessible as a file system. Files can be created on " @@ -55725,7 +55713,7 @@ "以作為檔案系統存取，可以在上面建立檔案且使用者可以瀏覽：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37567 +#: book.translate.xml:37587 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /example\n" @@ -55739,7 +55727,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37576 +#: book.translate.xml:37596 msgid "" "However, this pool is not taking advantage of any ZFS " "features. To create a dataset on this pool with compression enabled:" @@ -55748,7 +55736,7 @@ "上建立一個有開啟壓縮功能的資料集：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37580 +#: book.translate.xml:37600 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs create example/compressed\n" @@ -55756,7 +55744,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37583 +#: book.translate.xml:37603 msgid "" "The example/compressed dataset is now a ZFS compressed file system. Try copying some large files to /" @@ -55767,18 +55755,18 @@ "compressed。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37588 +#: book.translate.xml:37608 msgid "Compression can be disabled with:" msgstr "壓縮功能也可以使用以下指令關閉：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37590 +#: book.translate.xml:37610 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs set compression=off example/compressed" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37592 +#: book.translate.xml:37612 msgid "" "To unmount a file system, use zfs umount and then verify " "with df:" @@ -55787,7 +55775,7 @@ "command> 確認：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37596 +#: book.translate.xml:37616 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs umount example/compressed\n" @@ -55800,7 +55788,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37604 +#: book.translate.xml:37624 msgid "" "To re-mount the file system to make it accessible again, use zfs " "mount and verify with df:" @@ -55809,7 +55797,7 @@ "df 檢查：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37608 +#: book.translate.xml:37628 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs mount example/compressed\n" @@ -55823,14 +55811,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37617 +#: book.translate.xml:37637 msgid "" "The pool and file system may also be observed by viewing the output from " "mount:" msgstr "儲存池與檔案系統也可以從 mount 的結果查詢到：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37620 +#: book.translate.xml:37640 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mount\n" @@ -55842,7 +55830,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37627 +#: book.translate.xml:37647 msgid "" "After creation, ZFS datasets can be used like any file " "systems. However, many other features are available which can be set on a " @@ -55855,7 +55843,7 @@ "data，要設定每個資料區塊 (Data block) 要保留兩份備份：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37635 +#: book.translate.xml:37655 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs create example/data\n" @@ -55863,14 +55851,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37638 +#: book.translate.xml:37658 msgid "" "It is now possible to see the data and space utilization by issuing " "df:" msgstr "現在，可以使用 df 指令來查看資料與空間的使用率：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37641 +#: book.translate.xml:37661 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# df\n" @@ -55884,7 +55872,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37650 +#: book.translate.xml:37670 msgid "" "Notice that each file system on the pool has the same amount of available " "space. This is the reason for using df in these examples, " @@ -55899,14 +55887,14 @@ "(Volume) 與分割區 (Partition) 的概念，且允許多個檔案系統共用相同的儲存池。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37658 +#: book.translate.xml:37678 msgid "" "To destroy the file systems and then destroy the pool as it is no longer " "needed:" msgstr "不需要使用時可摧毀檔案系統後再摧毀儲存池：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37661 +#: book.translate.xml:37681 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs destroy example/compressed\n" @@ -55915,12 +55903,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:37667 +#: book.translate.xml:37687 msgid "RAID-Z" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37669 +#: book.translate.xml:37689 msgid "" "Disks fail. One method of avoiding data loss from disk failure is to " "implement RAID. ZFS supports this " @@ -55933,7 +55921,7 @@ "多的可用空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37676 +#: book.translate.xml:37696 msgid "" "This example creates a RAID-Z pool, specifying the disks " "to add to the pool:" @@ -55942,13 +55930,13 @@ "磁碟：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37679 +#: book.translate.xml:37699 #, no-wrap msgid "# zpool create storage raidz da0 da1 da2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:37682 +#: book.translate.xml:37702 msgid "" "Sun recommends that the number of devices used in a " "RAID-Z configuration be between three and nine. For " @@ -55967,7 +55955,7 @@ "citerefentry> 取得更多詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37692 +#: book.translate.xml:37712 msgid "" "The previous example created the storage zpool. This " "example makes a new file system called home in that pool:" @@ -55976,19 +55964,19 @@ "會在該儲存池中建立一個新的檔案系統，名稱為 home：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37697 +#: book.translate.xml:37717 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs create storage/home" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37699 +#: book.translate.xml:37719 msgid "" "Compression and keeping extra copies of directories and files can be enabled:" msgstr "可以設定開啟壓縮及保留目錄及檔案額外備份的功能：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37702 +#: book.translate.xml:37722 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs set copies=2 storage/home\n" @@ -55996,7 +55984,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37705 +#: book.translate.xml:37725 msgid "" "To make this the new home directory for users, copy the user data to this " "directory and create the appropriate symbolic links:" @@ -56005,7 +55993,7 @@ "符號連結 (Symbolic link)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37709 +#: book.translate.xml:37729 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cp -rp /home/* /storage/home\n" @@ -56015,7 +56003,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37714 +#: book.translate.xml:37734 msgid "" "Users data is now stored on the freshly-created /storage/home. Test by adding a new user and logging in as that user." @@ -56024,25 +56012,25 @@ "新使用者並登入該使用者來測試。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37718 +#: book.translate.xml:37738 msgid "Try creating a file system snapshot which can be rolled back later:" msgstr "試著建立檔案系統快照 (Snapshot)，稍後可用來還原 (Rollback)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37721 +#: book.translate.xml:37741 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs snapshot storage/home@08-30-08" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37723 +#: book.translate.xml:37743 msgid "" "Snapshots can only be made of a full file system, not a single directory or " "file." msgstr "快照只可以使用整個檔案系統製作，無法使用各別目錄或檔案。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37726 +#: book.translate.xml:37746 msgid "" "The @ character is a delimiter between the file system " "name or the volume name. If an important directory has been accidentally " @@ -56054,13 +56042,13 @@ "存在時的快照 (Snapshot)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37732 +#: book.translate.xml:37752 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs rollback storage/home@08-30-08" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37734 +#: book.translate.xml:37754 msgid "" "To list all available snapshots, run ls in the file " "system's .zfs/snapshot directory. For example, to see " @@ -56070,13 +56058,13 @@ "執行 ls，舉例來說，要查看先前已做的快照：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37739 +#: book.translate.xml:37759 #, no-wrap msgid "# ls /storage/home/.zfs/snapshot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37741 +#: book.translate.xml:37761 msgid "" "It is possible to write a script to perform regular snapshots on user data. " "However, over time, snapshots can consume a great deal of disk space. The " @@ -56086,13 +56074,13 @@ "的磁碟空間。先前的快照可以使用指令移除：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37746 +#: book.translate.xml:37766 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs destroy storage/home@08-30-08" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37748 +#: book.translate.xml:37768 msgid "" "After testing, /storage/home can be made the real " "/home using this command:" @@ -56101,13 +56089,13 @@ "home 使用此指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37752 +#: book.translate.xml:37772 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs set mountpoint=/home storage/home" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37754 +#: book.translate.xml:37774 msgid "" "Run df and mount to confirm that the " "system now treats the file system as the real /home:" @@ -56116,7 +56104,7 @@ "檔案系統做為真正的 /home：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37758 +#: book.translate.xml:37778 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mount\n" @@ -56135,7 +56123,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37772 +#: book.translate.xml:37792 msgid "" "This completes the RAID-Z configuration. Daily status " "updates about the file systems created can be generated as part of the " @@ -56149,18 +56137,18 @@ "行。加入此行到 /etc/periodic.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:37778 +#: book.translate.xml:37798 #, no-wrap msgid "daily_status_zfs_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:37782 +#: book.translate.xml:37802 msgid "Recovering RAID-Z" msgstr "復原 RAID-Z" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37784 +#: book.translate.xml:37804 msgid "" "Every software RAID has a method of monitoring its " "state. The status of RAID-Z devices " @@ -56170,13 +56158,13 @@ "方式，而 RAID-Z 裝置的狀態可以使用這個指令來查看：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37789 +#: book.translate.xml:37809 #, no-wrap msgid "# zpool status -x" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37791 +#: book.translate.xml:37811 msgid "" "If all pools are Online and " "everything is normal, the message shows:" @@ -56185,13 +56173,13 @@ "常，則訊息會顯示：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37795 +#: book.translate.xml:37815 #, no-wrap msgid "all pools are healthy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37797 +#: book.translate.xml:37817 msgid "" "If there is an issue, perhaps a disk is in the Offline state, the pool state will look similar to:" @@ -56200,7 +56188,7 @@ "\">Offline) 的狀態，此時儲存池的狀態會是：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37801 +#: book.translate.xml:37821 #, no-wrap msgid "" " pool: storage\n" @@ -56224,20 +56212,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37820 +#: book.translate.xml:37840 msgid "" "This indicates that the device was previously taken offline by the " "administrator with this command:" msgstr "這代表著裝置在之前被管理者使用此指令拿下線：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37823 +#: book.translate.xml:37843 #, no-wrap msgid "# zpool offline storage da1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37825 +#: book.translate.xml:37845 msgid "" "Now the system can be powered down to replace da1. When " "the system is back online, the failed disk can replaced in the pool:" @@ -56246,13 +56234,13 @@ "掉儲存池中故障的磁碟：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37829 +#: book.translate.xml:37849 #, no-wrap msgid "# zpool replace storage da1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37831 +#: book.translate.xml:37851 msgid "" "From here, the status may be checked again, this time without 選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:37908 +#: book.translate.xml:37928 msgid "zpool Administration" msgstr "zpool 管理" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:37910 +#: book.translate.xml:37930 msgid "" "ZFS administration is divided between two main utilities. " "The zpool utility controls the operation of the pool and " @@ -56406,12 +56394,12 @@ "linkend=\"zfs-term-volume\">Volume) 的資料集。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:37920 +#: book.translate.xml:37940 msgid "Creating and Destroying Storage Pools" msgstr "建立與摧毀儲存池" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37922 +#: book.translate.xml:37942 msgid "" "Creating a ZFS storage pool (zpool) " "involves making a number of decisions that are relatively permanent because " @@ -56436,12 +56424,12 @@ "建立之後便無法更改，若要要更改，則必須先備份資料，把儲存池摧毀後再重新建立。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37939 +#: book.translate.xml:37959 msgid "Create a simple mirror pool:" msgstr "建立一個簡單的鏡像儲存池：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37941 +#: book.translate.xml:37961 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool create mypool mirror /dev/ada1 /dev/ada2\n" @@ -56461,7 +56449,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37956 +#: book.translate.xml:37976 msgid "" "Multiple vdevs can be created at once. Specify multiple groups of disks " "separated by the vdev type keyword, mirror in this " @@ -56471,7 +56459,7 @@ "mirror：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37960 +#: book.translate.xml:37980 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool create mypool mirror /dev/ada1 /dev/ada2 mirror /dev/ada3 /dev/ada4\n" @@ -56493,7 +56481,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37977 +#: book.translate.xml:37997 msgid "" "Pools can also be constructed using partitions rather than whole disks. " "Putting ZFS in a separate partition allows the same disk " @@ -56516,7 +56504,7 @@ "時，也可符合這個較小的分割區容量，以使用替換的磁碟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:37992 +#: book.translate.xml:38012 msgid "" "Create a RAID-Z2 pool using " "partitions:" @@ -56525,7 +56513,7 @@ "池：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:37996 +#: book.translate.xml:38016 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool create mypool raidz2 /dev/ada0p3 /dev/ada1p3 /dev/ada2p3 /dev/ada3p3 /dev/ada4p3 /dev/ada5p3\n" @@ -56549,7 +56537,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38015 +#: book.translate.xml:38035 msgid "" "A pool that is no longer needed can be destroyed so that the disks can be " "reused. Destroying a pool involves first unmounting all of the datasets in " @@ -56564,12 +56552,12 @@ "集之中檔案的應用程式無法辨識的行為。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:38026 +#: book.translate.xml:38046 msgid "Adding and Removing Devices" msgstr "加入與移除裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38028 +#: book.translate.xml:38048 msgid "" "There are two cases for adding disks to a zpool: attaching a disk to an " "existing vdev with zpool attach, or adding vdevs to the " @@ -56582,7 +56570,7 @@ "建立之後加入磁碟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38035 +#: book.translate.xml:38055 msgid "" "A pool created with a single disk lacks redundancy. Corruption can be " "detected but not repaired, because there is no other copy of the data. The " @@ -56608,7 +56596,7 @@ "可讓這件事變的很簡單。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38053 +#: book.translate.xml:38073 msgid "" "Upgrade the single disk (stripe) vdev ada0p3 to a " "mirror by attaching ada1p3:" @@ -56617,7 +56605,7 @@ "ada0p3 採用鏡像型態 (mirror)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38057 +#: book.translate.xml:38077 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool status\n" @@ -56677,7 +56665,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38112 +#: book.translate.xml:38132 msgid "" "When adding disks to the existing vdev is not an option, as for " "RAID-Z, an alternative method is to add another vdev to " @@ -56699,7 +56687,7 @@ "若在無備援的磁碟上發生故障的結果便是遺失大半寫到儲存池的資料區塊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38125 +#: book.translate.xml:38145 msgid "" "Data is striped across each of the vdevs. For example, with two mirror " "vdevs, this is effectively a RAID 10 that stripes writes " @@ -56714,14 +56702,14 @@ "料量會不成比例的寫入到使用量較少的 vdev。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38134 +#: book.translate.xml:38154 msgid "" "When attaching additional devices to a boot pool, remember to update the " "bootcode." msgstr "當連接額外的裝置到一個可以開機的儲存池，要記得更新 Bootcode。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38137 +#: book.translate.xml:38157 msgid "" "Attach a second mirror group (ada2p3 and " "ada3p3) to the existing mirror:" @@ -56730,7 +56718,7 @@ "filename>) 到既有的 mirror：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38141 +#: book.translate.xml:38161 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool status\n" @@ -56770,7 +56758,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38176 +#: book.translate.xml:38196 msgid "" "Currently, vdevs cannot be removed from a pool, and disks can only be " "removed from a mirror if there is enough remaining redundancy. If only one " @@ -56782,12 +56770,12 @@ "剩下的那個磁碟故障，便會影響到整個儲存池。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38182 +#: book.translate.xml:38202 msgid "Remove a disk from a three-way mirror group:" msgstr "從一個三方 mirror 群組移除一個磁碟：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38184 +#: book.translate.xml:38204 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool status\n" @@ -56821,12 +56809,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:38215 +#: book.translate.xml:38235 msgid "Checking the Status of a Pool" msgstr "檢查儲存池狀態" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38217 +#: book.translate.xml:38237 msgid "" "Pool status is important. If a drive goes offline or a read, write, or " "checksum error is detected, the corresponding error count increases. The " @@ -56842,7 +56830,7 @@ "併顯示。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38225 +#: book.translate.xml:38245 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool status\n" @@ -56865,12 +56853,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:38245 +#: book.translate.xml:38265 msgid "Clearing Errors" msgstr "清除錯誤" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38247 +#: book.translate.xml:38267 msgid "" "When an error is detected, the read, write, or checksum counts are " "incremented. The error message can be cleared and the counts reset with " @@ -56885,12 +56873,12 @@ "者來說會很重要，因在舊的錯誤尚未清除前不會回報後續的錯誤。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:38258 +#: book.translate.xml:38278 msgid "Replacing a Functioning Device" msgstr "更換運作中的裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38260 +#: book.translate.xml:38280 msgid "" "There are a number of situations where it may be desirable to replace one " "disk with a different disk. When replacing a working disk, the process keeps " @@ -56910,12 +56898,12 @@ "新的空間，請參考 擴增儲存池。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38272 +#: book.translate.xml:38292 msgid "Replace a functioning device in the pool:" msgstr "更換儲存池中正在運作的狀置：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38274 +#: book.translate.xml:38294 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool status\n" @@ -56978,12 +56966,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:38334 +#: book.translate.xml:38354 msgid "Dealing with Failed Devices" msgstr "處理故障裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38336 +#: book.translate.xml:38356 msgid "" "When a disk in a pool fails, the vdev to which the disk belongs enters the " "degraded state. All of the data " @@ -57006,7 +56994,7 @@ "link>) 的狀態。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38350 +#: book.translate.xml:38370 msgid "" "If the vdev does not have any redundancy, or if multiple devices have failed " "and there is not enough redundancy to compensate, the pool enters the Faulted) 的狀態。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38358 +#: book.translate.xml:38378 msgid "" "When replacing a failed disk, the name of the failed disk is replaced with " "the GUID of the device. A new device name parameter for " @@ -57030,12 +57018,12 @@ "裝置名稱參數。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38364 +#: book.translate.xml:38384 msgid "Replace a failed disk using zpool replace:" msgstr "使用 zpool replace 更換故障的磁碟：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38367 +#: book.translate.xml:38387 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool status\n" @@ -57092,12 +57080,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:38421 +#: book.translate.xml:38441 msgid "Scrubbing a Pool" msgstr "清潔儲存池" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38423 +#: book.translate.xml:38443 msgid "" "It is recommended that pools be scrubbed regularly, ideally at least once every month. The scrub# zpool scrub mypool\n" @@ -57141,7 +57129,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38454 +#: book.translate.xml:38474 msgid "" "In the event that a scrub operation needs to be cancelled, issue " "zpool scrub -s mypool." @@ -57150,12 +57138,12 @@ "mypool。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:38460 +#: book.translate.xml:38480 msgid "Self-Healing" msgstr "自我修復" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38462 +#: book.translate.xml:38482 msgid "" "The checksums stored with data blocks enable the file system to " "self-heal. This feature will automatically repair data " @@ -57186,7 +57174,7 @@ "誤的資料。這件事不需要與系統管理者作任何互動便會在一般的儲存池操作時完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38482 +#: book.translate.xml:38502 msgid "" "The next example demonstrates this self-healing behavior. A mirrored pool of " "disks /dev/ada0 and /dev/ada1 is " @@ -57196,7 +57184,7 @@ "filename> 及 /dev/ada1 做鏡像的儲存池。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38486 +#: book.translate.xml:38506 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool create healer mirror /dev/ada0 /dev/ada1\n" @@ -57219,7 +57207,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38504 +#: book.translate.xml:38524 msgid "" "Some important data that to be protected from data errors using the self-" "healing feature is copied to the pool. A checksum of the pool is created for " @@ -57229,7 +57217,7 @@ "驗碼供稍後做比較時使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38508 +#: book.translate.xml:38528 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cp /some/important/data /healer\n" @@ -57242,7 +57230,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38516 +#: book.translate.xml:38536 msgid "" "Data corruption is simulated by writing random data to the beginning of one " "of the disks in the mirror. To prevent ZFS from healing " @@ -57254,7 +57242,7 @@ "入。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:38523 +#: book.translate.xml:38543 msgid "" "This is a dangerous operation that can destroy vital data. It is shown here " "for demonstrational purposes only and should not be attempted during normal " @@ -57270,7 +57258,7 @@ "正確的備份。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38534 +#: book.translate.xml:38554 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool export healer\n" @@ -57282,7 +57270,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38541 +#: book.translate.xml:38561 msgid "" "The pool status shows that one device has experienced an error. Note that " "applications reading data from the pool did not receive any incorrect data. " @@ -57296,7 +57284,7 @@ "有錯誤校驗碼的裝置。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38549 +#: book.translate.xml:38569 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool status healer\n" @@ -57320,7 +57308,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38568 +#: book.translate.xml:38588 msgid "" "The error was detected and handled by using the redundancy present in the " "unaffected ada0 mirror disk. A checksum comparison with " @@ -57330,7 +57318,7 @@ "供資料。可與原來的校驗碼做比較來看儲存池是否已修復為一致。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38573 +#: book.translate.xml:38593 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# sha1 /healer >> checksum.txt\n" @@ -57340,7 +57328,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38578 +#: book.translate.xml:38598 msgid "" "The two checksums that were generated before and after the intentional " "tampering with the pool data still match. This shows how ZFS 上的錯誤資料。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38593 +#: book.translate.xml:38613 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool scrub healer\n" @@ -57392,7 +57380,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38615 +#: book.translate.xml:38635 msgid "" "The scrub operation reads data from ada0 and rewrites " "any data with an incorrect checksum on ada1. This is " @@ -57406,7 +57394,7 @@ "literal> 的項目來辨識。這個作業完成後，儲存池的狀態會更改為：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38622 +#: book.translate.xml:38642 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool status healer\n" @@ -57430,7 +57418,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38641 +#: book.translate.xml:38661 msgid "" "After the scrub operation completes and all the data has been synchronized " "from ada0 to ada1, the error " @@ -57442,7 +57430,7 @@ "\"zfs-zpool-clear\">Clear) 儲存池狀態的錯誤訊息。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38647 +#: book.translate.xml:38667 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool clear healer\n" @@ -57462,19 +57450,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38662 +#: book.translate.xml:38682 msgid "" "The pool is now back to a fully working state and all the errors have been " "cleared." msgstr "儲存池現在恢復完整運作的狀態且清除所有的錯誤了。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:38667 +#: book.translate.xml:38687 msgid "Growing a Pool" msgstr "擴增儲存池" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38669 +#: book.translate.xml:38689 msgid "" "The usable size of a redundant pool is limited by the capacity of the " "smallest device in each vdev. The smallest device can be replaced with a " @@ -57496,7 +57484,7 @@ "可用空間便會成長到 2 TB。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38683 +#: book.translate.xml:38703 msgid "" "Expansion is triggered by using zpool online -e on each " "device. After expansion of all devices, the additional space becomes " @@ -57506,12 +57494,12 @@ "完所有裝置後，儲存池便可使用額外的空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:38690 +#: book.translate.xml:38710 msgid "Importing and Exporting Pools" msgstr "匯入與匯出儲存池" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38692 +#: book.translate.xml:38712 msgid "" "Pools are exported before moving them to another " "system. All datasets are unmounted, and each device is marked as exported " @@ -57520,7 +57508,7 @@ "systems that support ZFS, and even different hardware " "architectures (with some caveats, see zpool8). When a dataset has " -"open files, zpool export -f can be used to force the " +"open files, zpool export -f can be used to force the " "export of a pool. Use this with caution. The datasets are forcibly " "unmounted, potentially resulting in unexpected behavior by the applications " "which had open files on those datasets." @@ -57531,23 +57519,23 @@ "其他作業系統做匯入 (Import)，甚至是不同的硬體架構 (有一" "些注意事項，請參考 zpool8)。當資料集有被開啟的檔" -"案，可使用 zpool export -f 來強制匯出儲存池，使用這個指令" +"案，可使用 zpool export -f 來強制匯出儲存池，使用這個指令" "需要小心，資料集是被強制卸載的，因此有可能造成在該資料集開啟檔案的應用程式發" "生無法預期的結果。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38706 +#: book.translate.xml:38726 msgid "Export a pool that is not in use:" msgstr "匯出未使用的儲存池：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38708 +#: book.translate.xml:38728 #, no-wrap msgid "# zpool export mypool" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38710 +#: book.translate.xml:38730 msgid "" "Importing a pool automatically mounts the datasets. This may not be the " "desired behavior, and can be prevented with zpool import -N 會匯入所有沒有被其他系統使用的儲存池。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38723 +#: book.translate.xml:38743 msgid "List all available pools for import:" msgstr "列出所有可以匯入的儲存池：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38725 +#: book.translate.xml:38745 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool import\n" @@ -57587,12 +57575,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38735 +#: book.translate.xml:38755 msgid "Import the pool with an alternative root directory:" msgstr "使用替代的根目錄匯入儲存池：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38737 +#: book.translate.xml:38757 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool import -o altroot=/mnt mypool\n" @@ -57603,12 +57591,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:38745 +#: book.translate.xml:38765 msgid "Upgrading a Storage Pool" msgstr "升級儲存儲存池" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38747 +#: book.translate.xml:38767 msgid "" "After upgrading FreeBSD, or if a pool has been imported from a system using " "an older version of ZFS, the pool can be manually " @@ -57623,12 +57611,12 @@ "存池可以升級，但有新功能的儲存池無法降級。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38756 +#: book.translate.xml:38776 msgid "Upgrade a v28 pool to support Feature Flags:" msgstr "升級一個 v28 的儲存以支援功能旗標 (Feature Flags)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38759 +#: book.translate.xml:38779 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool status\n" @@ -57675,7 +57663,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38801 +#: book.translate.xml:38821 msgid "" "The newer features of ZFS will not be available until " "zpool upgrade has completed. zpool upgrade -v# zpool status\n" @@ -57746,7 +57734,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:38859 +#: book.translate.xml:38879 msgid "" "The boot code on systems that boot from a pool must be updated to support " "the new pool version. Use gpart bootcode on the partition " @@ -57759,12 +57747,12 @@ "manvolnum> 取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:38868 +#: book.translate.xml:38888 msgid "Displaying Recorded Pool History" msgstr "顯示已記錄的儲存池歷史日誌" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38870 +#: book.translate.xml:38890 msgid "" "Commands that modify the pool are recorded. Recorded actions include the " "creation of datasets, changing properties, or replacement of a disk. This " @@ -57779,7 +57767,7 @@ "zpool history：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38879 +#: book.translate.xml:38899 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool history\n" @@ -57791,7 +57779,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38886 +#: book.translate.xml:38906 msgid "" "The output shows zpool and zfs " "commands that were executed on the pool along with a timestamp. Only " @@ -57805,7 +57793,7 @@ "出所有儲存池的歷史記錄。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38894 +#: book.translate.xml:38914 msgid "" "zpool history can show even more information when the " "options or are provided. 事件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38900 +#: book.translate.xml:38920 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool history -i\n" @@ -57832,7 +57820,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38910 +#: book.translate.xml:38930 msgid "" "More details can be shown by adding . History records are " "shown in a long format, including information like the name of the user who " @@ -57842,7 +57830,7 @@ "包含的資訊有執行指令的使用者名稱、主機名稱以及更改的項目。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38915 +#: book.translate.xml:38935 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool history -l\n" @@ -57854,7 +57842,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38922 +#: book.translate.xml:38942 msgid "" "The output shows that the root " "user created the mirrored pool with disks /dev/ada0 and " @@ -57873,7 +57861,7 @@ "稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38934 +#: book.translate.xml:38954 msgid "" "Both options to zpool history can be combined to give the " "most detailed information possible for any given pool. Pool history provides " @@ -57885,12 +57873,12 @@ "有用的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:38942 +#: book.translate.xml:38962 msgid "Performance Monitoring" msgstr "監視效能" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38944 +#: book.translate.xml:38964 msgid "" "A built-in monitoring system can display pool I/O " "statistics in real time. It shows the amount of free and used space on the " @@ -57905,7 +57893,7 @@ "來，可以提供儲存池名稱來只顯示該儲存池的監視資訊。舉一個簡單的例子：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38953 +#: book.translate.xml:38973 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool iostat\n" @@ -57916,7 +57904,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38959 +#: book.translate.xml:38979 msgid "" "To continuously monitor I/O activity, a number can be " "specified as the last parameter, indicating a interval in seconds to wait " @@ -57933,7 +57921,7 @@ "代表總共要顯示的統計資訊筆數。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38971 +#: book.translate.xml:38991 msgid "" "Even more detailed I/O statistics can be displayed with " ". Each device in the pool is shown with a statistics " @@ -57947,7 +57935,7 @@ "示有兩個裝置的鏡像儲存池：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:38979 +#: book.translate.xml:38999 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool iostat -v \n" @@ -57962,12 +57950,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:38991 +#: book.translate.xml:39011 msgid "Splitting a Storage Pool" msgstr "分割儲存儲存池" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:38993 +#: book.translate.xml:39013 msgid "" "A pool consisting of one or more mirror vdevs can be split into two pools. " "Unless otherwise specified, the last member of each mirror is detached and " @@ -57982,12 +57970,12 @@ "的執行，這可以協助確認操作是否與使用者所要的相同。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:39005 +#: book.translate.xml:39025 msgid "zfs Administration" msgstr "zfs 管理" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:39007 +#: book.translate.xml:39027 msgid "" "The zfs utility is responsible for creating, destroying, " "and managing all ZFS datasets that exist within a pool. " @@ -57999,12 +57987,12 @@ "\">zpool 來管理。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:39013 +#: book.translate.xml:39033 msgid "Creating and Destroying Datasets" msgstr "建立與摧毀資料集" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39015 +#: book.translate.xml:39035 msgid "" "Unlike traditional disks and volume managers, space in ZFS is not preallocated. With traditional file " @@ -58042,7 +58030,7 @@ "會變的較緩慢，且掛載上百個或其至上千個資料集可能會使 FreeBSD 的開機程序變慢。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39039 +#: book.translate.xml:39059 msgid "" "Create a new dataset and enable LZ4 compression on it:" @@ -58051,7 +58039,7 @@ "link>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39042 +#: book.translate.xml:39062 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs list\n" @@ -58089,7 +58077,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39075 +#: book.translate.xml:39095 msgid "" "Destroying a dataset is much quicker than deleting all of the files that " "reside on the dataset, as it does not involve scanning all of the files and " @@ -58099,12 +58087,12 @@ "所有檔案並更新所有相關的 Metadata。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39080 +#: book.translate.xml:39100 msgid "Destroy the previously-created dataset:" msgstr "摧毀先前建立的資料集：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39082 +#: book.translate.xml:39102 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs list\n" @@ -58142,7 +58130,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39115 +#: book.translate.xml:39135 msgid "" "In modern versions of ZFS, zfs destroy " "is asynchronous, and the free space might take several minutes to appear in " @@ -58168,12 +58156,12 @@ "照，而不會真的摧毀，因摧毀快照所釋放出的空間也會同時顯示。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:39134 +#: book.translate.xml:39154 msgid "Creating and Destroying Volumes" msgstr "建立與摧毀磁碟區" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39136 +#: book.translate.xml:39156 msgid "" "A volume is a special type of dataset. Rather than being mounted as a file " "system, it is exposed as a block device under /dev/zvol/" @@ -58189,7 +58177,7 @@ "HAST 通訊協定匯出。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39145 +#: book.translate.xml:39165 msgid "" "A volume can be formatted with any file system, or used without a file " "system to store raw data. To the user, a volume appears to be a regular " @@ -58204,7 +58192,7 @@ "一個 250 MB 的磁碟區可建立一個壓縮的 FAT 檔案系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39154 +#: book.translate.xml:39174 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs create -V 250m -o compression=on tank/fat32\n" @@ -58221,7 +58209,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39166 +#: book.translate.xml:39186 msgid "" "Destroying a volume is much the same as destroying a regular file system " "dataset. The operation is nearly instantaneous, but it may take several " @@ -58231,12 +58219,12 @@ "背景會需要花費數分鐘來讓釋放空間再次可用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:39173 +#: book.translate.xml:39193 msgid "Renaming a Dataset" msgstr "重新命名資料集" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39175 +#: book.translate.xml:39195 msgid "" "The name of a dataset can be changed with zfs rename. The " "parent of a dataset can also be changed with this command. Renaming a " @@ -58252,12 +58240,12 @@ "料集而定)，可使用 來避免重新掛載。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39185 +#: book.translate.xml:39205 msgid "Rename a dataset and move it to be under a different parent dataset:" msgstr "重新命名一個資料集並移動該資料集到另一個父資料集：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39188 +#: book.translate.xml:39208 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs list\n" @@ -58296,7 +58284,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39222 +#: book.translate.xml:39242 msgid "" "Snapshots can also be renamed like this. Due to the nature of snapshots, " "they cannot be renamed into a different parent dataset. To rename a " @@ -58308,7 +58296,7 @@ "也會一併被重新命名。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39228 +#: book.translate.xml:39248 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs list -t snapshot\n" @@ -58321,12 +58309,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:39238 +#: book.translate.xml:39258 msgid "Setting Dataset Properties" msgstr "設定資料集屬性" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39240 +#: book.translate.xml:39260 msgid "" "Each ZFS dataset has a number of properties that control " "its behavior. Most properties are automatically inherited from the parent " @@ -58345,7 +58333,7 @@ "份可以使用 zfs inherit 還原成其繼承的值。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39252 +#: book.translate.xml:39272 msgid "" "User-defined properties can also be set. They become part of the dataset " "configuration and can be used to provide additional information about the " @@ -58358,7 +58346,7 @@ "性，會使用冒號 (:) 建立一個自訂命名空間供自訂屬性使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39259 +#: book.translate.xml:39279 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs set custom:costcenter=1234 tank\n" @@ -58368,7 +58356,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39264 +#: book.translate.xml:39284 msgid "" "To remove a custom property, use zfs inherit with " ". If the custom property is not defined in any of the " @@ -58380,7 +58368,7 @@ "於儲存池的歷史記錄)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39270 +#: book.translate.xml:39290 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs inherit -r custom:costcenter tank\n" @@ -58391,13 +58379,66 @@ "#" msgstr "" +#. (itstool) path: sect3/title +#: book.translate.xml:39298 +msgid "Getting and Setting Share Properties" +msgstr "取得與設定共享屬性" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:39300 +msgid "" +"Two commonly used and useful dataset properties are the NFS and SMB share options. Setting these define if " +"and how ZFS datasets may be shared on the network. At " +"present, only setting sharing via NFS is supported on " +"FreeBSD. To get the current status of a share, enter:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen +#: book.translate.xml:39308 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# zfs get sharenfs mypool/usr/home\n" +"NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE\n" +"mypool/usr/home sharenfs on local\n" +"# zfs get sharesmb mypool/usr/home\n" +"NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE\n" +"mypool/usr/home sharesmb off local" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:39315 +msgid "To enable sharing of a dataset, enter:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen +#: book.translate.xml:39317 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# zfs set sharenfs=on mypool/usr/home" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/para +#: book.translate.xml:39319 +msgid "" +"It is also possible to set additional options for sharing datasets through " +"NFS, such as , . To set additional options to a " +"dataset shared through NFS, enter:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect3/screen +#: book.translate.xml:39325 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# zfs set sharenfs=\"-alldirs,-maproot=root,-network=192.168.1.0/24\" mypool/usr/home" +msgstr "" + #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:39279 +#: book.translate.xml:39330 msgid "Managing Snapshots" msgstr "管理快照 (Snapshot)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39281 +#: book.translate.xml:39332 msgid "" "Snapshots are one of the most " "powerful features of ZFS. A snapshot provides a read-" @@ -58432,7 +58473,7 @@ "所備份的資料其實是分散不同時間點的。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39305 +#: book.translate.xml:39356 msgid "" "Snapshots in ZFS provide a variety of features that even " "other file systems with snapshot functionality lack. A typical example of " @@ -58461,12 +58502,12 @@ "但可以用在快速且簡單的保存某個特定時間點的資料集。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:39326 +#: book.translate.xml:39377 msgid "Creating Snapshots" msgstr "建立快照" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39328 +#: book.translate.xml:39379 msgid "" "Snapshots are created with zfs snapshot dataset@snapshotname. Adding " @@ -58478,12 +58519,12 @@ " 可以遞迴對所有同名的子資料集建立快照。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39333 +#: book.translate.xml:39384 msgid "Create a recursive snapshot of the entire pool:" msgstr "建立一個整個儲存池的遞迴快照：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39335 +#: book.translate.xml:39386 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs list -t all\n" @@ -58524,7 +58565,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39371 +#: book.translate.xml:39422 msgid "" "Snapshots are not shown by a normal zfs list operation. " "To list snapshots, is appended to zfs " @@ -58536,7 +58577,7 @@ " 可以同時列出檔案系統的內容及快照。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39377 +#: book.translate.xml:39428 msgid "" "Snapshots are not mounted directly, so path is shown in the " "MOUNTPOINT column. There is no mention of available disk " @@ -58549,7 +58590,7 @@ "再寫入。比較快照與其原來建立時的資料集：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39384 +#: book.translate.xml:39435 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs list -rt all mypool/usr/home\n" @@ -58559,7 +58600,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39389 +#: book.translate.xml:39440 msgid "" "Displaying both the dataset and the snapshot together reveals how snapshots " "work in COW fashion. They save only " @@ -58574,7 +58615,7 @@ "製一個檔案到該資料集，可以讓空間使用量變的更明顯，然後再做第二個快照：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39399 +#: book.translate.xml:39450 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cp /etc/passwd /var/tmp\n" @@ -58587,7 +58628,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39407 +#: book.translate.xml:39458 msgid "" "The second snapshot contains only the changes to the dataset after the copy " "operation. This yields enormous space savings. Notice that the size of the " @@ -58601,12 +58642,12 @@ "動在前次快照與之後快照間的關係。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:39417 +#: book.translate.xml:39468 msgid "Comparing Snapshots" msgstr "比對快照" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39419 +#: book.translate.xml:39470 msgid "" "ZFS provides a built-in command to compare the differences in content " "between two snapshots. This is helpful when many snapshots were taken over " @@ -58622,7 +58663,7 @@ "個指令會產生以下結果：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39429 +#: book.translate.xml:39480 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs list -rt all mypool/var/tmp\n" @@ -58636,7 +58677,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39438 +#: book.translate.xml:39489 msgid "" "The command lists the changes between the specified snapshot (in this case " "mypool/var/tmp@my_recursive_snapshotpasswd was added after the " @@ -58696,7 +58737,7 @@ "錄已經做過修改。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39478 +#: book.translate.xml:39529 msgid "" "Comparing two snapshots is helpful when using the ZFS " "replication feature to transfer a dataset to a different host for backup " @@ -58706,14 +58747,14 @@ "兩個快照也同樣很有用。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39482 +#: book.translate.xml:39533 msgid "" "Compare two snapshots by providing the full dataset name and snapshot name " "of both datasets:" msgstr "比對兩個快照需要提供兩個資料集的完整資料集名稱與快照名稱：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39485 +#: book.translate.xml:39536 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cp /var/tmp/passwd /var/tmp/passwd.copy\n" @@ -58728,7 +58769,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39495 +#: book.translate.xml:39546 msgid "" "A backup administrator can compare two snapshots received from the sending " "host and determine the actual changes in the dataset. See the 備份 一節來取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:39503 +#: book.translate.xml:39554 msgid "Snapshot Rollback" msgstr "使用快照還原" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39505 +#: book.translate.xml:39556 msgid "" "When at least one snapshot is available, it can be rolled back to at any " "time. Most of the time this is the case when the current state of the " @@ -58778,7 +58819,7 @@ "會遺失重要的資料。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39531 +#: book.translate.xml:39582 msgid "" "In the first example, a snapshot is rolled back because of a careless " "rm operation that removes too much data than was intended." @@ -58787,7 +58828,7 @@ "原到快照。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39535 +#: book.translate.xml:39586 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs list -rt all mypool/var/tmp\n" @@ -58796,16 +58837,15 @@ "mypool/var/tmp@my_recursive_snapshot 88K - 152K -\n" "mypool/var/tmp@after_cp 53.5K - 118K -\n" "mypool/var/tmp@diff_snapshot 0 - 120K -\n" -"% ls /var/tmp\n" -"passwd passwd.copy\n" -"% rm /var/tmp/passwd*\n" -"% ls /var/tmp\n" -"vi.recover\n" -"%" +"# ls /var/tmp\n" +"passwd passwd.copy vi.recover\n" +"# rm /var/tmp/passwd*\n" +"# ls /var/tmp\n" +"vi.recover" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39548 +#: book.translate.xml:39598 msgid "" "At this point, the user realized that too many files were deleted and wants " "them back. ZFS provides an easy way to get them back " @@ -58818,16 +58858,16 @@ "用快照時可用。要拿回檔案並從最後一次快照重新開始，可執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39555 +#: book.translate.xml:39605 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs rollback mypool/var/tmp@diff_snapshot\n" -"% ls /var/tmp\n" +"# ls /var/tmp\n" "passwd passwd.copy vi.recover" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39559 +#: book.translate.xml:39609 msgid "" "The rollback operation restored the dataset to the state of the last " "snapshot. It is also possible to roll back to a snapshot that was taken much " @@ -58838,7 +58878,7 @@ "其之後建立的快照。要這麼做時，ZFS 會發出這個警告：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39565 +#: book.translate.xml:39615 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs list -rt snapshot mypool/var/tmp\n" @@ -58854,7 +58894,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39576 +#: book.translate.xml:39626 msgid "" "This warning means that snapshots exist between the current state of the " "dataset and the snapshot to which the user wants to roll back. To complete " @@ -58873,19 +58913,19 @@ "做，那麼必須要知道會遺失所有在這之間的快照，然後可執行以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39588 +#: book.translate.xml:39638 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs rollback -r mypool/var/tmp@my_recursive_snapshot\n" "# zfs list -rt snapshot mypool/var/tmp\n" "NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT\n" "mypool/var/tmp@my_recursive_snapshot 8K - 152K -\n" -"% ls /var/tmp\n" +"# ls /var/tmp\n" "vi.recover" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39595 +#: book.translate.xml:39645 msgid "" "The output from zfs list -t snapshot confirms that the " "intermediate snapshots were removed as a result of zfs rollback -r 會移除的快照。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:39602 +#: book.translate.xml:39652 msgid "Restoring Individual Files from Snapshots" msgstr "從快照還原個別檔案" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39604 +#: book.translate.xml:39654 msgid "" "Snapshots are mounted in a hidden directory under the parent dataset: " ".zfs/snapshots/snapshotname. " @@ -58921,21 +58961,21 @@ "令中。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39617 +#: book.translate.xml:39667 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs get snapdir mypool/var/tmp\n" "NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE\n" "mypool/var/tmp snapdir hidden default\n" -"% ls -a /var/tmp\n" +"# ls -a /var/tmp\n" ". .. passwd vi.recover\n" "# zfs set snapdir=visible mypool/var/tmp\n" -"% ls -a /var/tmp\n" +"# ls -a /var/tmp\n" ". .. .zfs passwd vi.recover" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39626 +#: book.translate.xml:39676 msgid "" "Individual files can easily be restored to a previous state by copying them " "from the snapshot back to the parent dataset. The directory structure below " @@ -58951,11 +58991,11 @@ "filename> 目錄還原一個檔案，透過從含有該檔案的最新版快照複製：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39637 +#: book.translate.xml:39687 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# rm /var/tmp/passwd\n" -"% ls -a /var/tmp\n" +"# ls -a /var/tmp\n" ". .. .zfs vi.recover\n" "# ls /var/tmp/.zfs/snapshot\n" "after_cp my_recursive_snapshot\n" @@ -58965,7 +59005,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39646 +#: book.translate.xml:39696 msgid "" "When ls .zfs/snapshot was issued, the snapdir property might have been set to hidden, but it would still be " @@ -58983,7 +59023,7 @@ "出現以下錯誤：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39656 +#: book.translate.xml:39706 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cp /etc/rc.conf /var/tmp/.zfs/snapshot/after_cp/\n" @@ -58991,7 +59031,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39659 +#: book.translate.xml:39709 msgid "" "The error reminds the user that snapshots are read-only and cannot be " "changed after creation. Files cannot be copied into or removed from snapshot " @@ -59002,7 +59042,7 @@ "該快照目錄中移除，因為這會變更該資料集所代表的狀態。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39665 +#: book.translate.xml:39715 msgid "" "Snapshots consume space based on how much the parent file system has changed " "since the time of the snapshot. The written property of a " @@ -59012,7 +59052,7 @@ "written 屬性可以用來追蹤有多少空間被快照所使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39670 +#: book.translate.xml:39720 msgid "" "Snapshots are destroyed and the space reclaimed with zfs destroy " "dataset@snapshot# zfs list -rt all camino/home/joe\n" @@ -59073,7 +59113,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39708 +#: book.translate.xml:39758 msgid "" "A typical use for clones is to experiment with a specific dataset while " "keeping the snapshot around to fall back to in case something goes wrong. " @@ -59088,7 +59128,7 @@ "非必要，因為複本與資料集可同時存在，不會有任何問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39717 +#: book.translate.xml:39767 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs clone camino/home/joe@backup camino/home/joenew\n" @@ -59105,7 +59145,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39729 +#: book.translate.xml:39779 msgid "" "After a clone is created it is an exact copy of the state the dataset was in " "when the snapshot was taken. The clone can now be changed independently from " @@ -59123,7 +59163,7 @@ "literal> 也會因為成為一個完全獨立的資料集而移除。以下範例會示範這個動作：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39740 +#: book.translate.xml:39790 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs get origin camino/home/joenew\n" @@ -59136,7 +59176,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39748 +#: book.translate.xml:39798 msgid "" "After making some changes like copying loader.conf to " "the promoted clone, for example, the old directory becomes obsolete in this " @@ -59152,7 +59192,7 @@ "command>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39757 +#: book.translate.xml:39807 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cp /boot/defaults/loader.conf /usr/home/joenew\n" @@ -59166,7 +59206,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39766 +#: book.translate.xml:39816 msgid "" "The cloned snapshot is now handled like an ordinary dataset. It contains all " "the data from the original snapshot plus the files that were added to it " @@ -59188,12 +59228,12 @@ "管理成本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:39781 +#: book.translate.xml:39831 msgid "Replication" msgstr "備份 (Replication)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39783 +#: book.translate.xml:39833 msgid "" "Keeping data on a single pool in one location exposes it to risks like theft " "and natural or human disasters. Making regular backups of the entire pool is " @@ -59215,14 +59255,14 @@ "zfs send 及 zfs receive。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39797 +#: book.translate.xml:39847 msgid "" "These examples demonstrate ZFS replication with these two " "pools:" msgstr "以下例子將示範使用兩個儲存池來做 ZFS 備份：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39800 +#: book.translate.xml:39850 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool list\n" @@ -59232,7 +59272,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39805 +#: book.translate.xml:39855 msgid "" "The pool named mypool is the primary pool where " "data is written to and read from on a regular basis. A second pool, " @@ -59254,7 +59294,7 @@ "可以做備份，最近一次快照之後所做的變更不會含在內容裡面。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39819 +#: book.translate.xml:39869 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs snapshot mypool@backup1\n" @@ -59264,7 +59304,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39824 +#: book.translate.xml:39874 msgid "" "Now that a snapshot exists, zfs send can be used to " "create a stream representing the contents of the snapshot. This stream can " @@ -59277,7 +59317,7 @@ "須要重新導向到一個檔案或轉接到其他地方，否則會錯誤：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39831 +#: book.translate.xml:39881 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs send mypool@backup1\n" @@ -59286,7 +59326,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39835 +#: book.translate.xml:39885 msgid "" "To back up a dataset with zfs send, redirect to a file " "located on the mounted backup pool. Ensure that the pool has enough free " @@ -59299,7 +59339,7 @@ "該快照中內含的所有資料，並非只有上次快照到該快照間的變更。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39842 +#: book.translate.xml:39892 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs send mypool@backup1 > /backup/backup1\n" @@ -59310,7 +59350,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39848 +#: book.translate.xml:39898 msgid "" "The zfs send transferred all the data in the snapshot " "called backup1 to the pool named " @@ -59324,7 +59364,7 @@ "citerefentry> 排程來自動完成建立與傳送快照的動作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:39854 +#: book.translate.xml:39904 msgid "" "Instead of storing the backups as archive files, ZFS can " "receive them as a live file system, allowing the backed up data to be " @@ -59344,7 +59384,7 @@ "可以被複製到另一個空的資料集。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39866 +#: book.translate.xml:39916 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs snapshot mypool@replica1\n" @@ -59360,12 +59400,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:39878 +#: book.translate.xml:39928 msgid "Incremental Backups" msgstr "漸進式備份" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39880 +#: book.translate.xml:39930 msgid "" "zfs send can also determine the difference between two " "snapshots and send only the differences between the two. This saves disk " @@ -59375,7 +59415,7 @@ "的差異，這麼做可以節省磁碟空間及傳輸時間。例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39885 +#: book.translate.xml:39935 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs snapshot mypool@replica2\n" @@ -59390,7 +59430,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39895 +#: book.translate.xml:39945 msgid "" "A second snapshot called replica2 was created. " "This second snapshot contains only the changes that were made to the file " @@ -59406,7 +59446,7 @@ "照，串流中只會含有做過更改的資料。這個動作只在接收端已經有初始快照時才可用。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:39906 +#: book.translate.xml:39956 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs send -v -i mypool@replica1 mypool@replica2 | zfs receive /backup/mypool\n" @@ -59434,7 +59474,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39929 +#: book.translate.xml:39979 msgid "" "The incremental stream was successfully transferred. Only the data that had " "changed was replicated, rather than the entirety of replica1backup/mypool, is available " "with all of the files and data from the pool mypoolSSH" msgstr "透過 SSH 傳送加密的備份" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39954 +#: book.translate.xml:40004 msgid "" "Sending streams over the network is a good way to keep a remote backup, but " "it does come with a drawback. Data sent over the network link is not " @@ -59497,7 +59537,7 @@ "link>。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39968 +#: book.translate.xml:40018 msgid "" "A few settings and security precautions must be completed first. Only the " "necessary steps required for the zfs send operation are " @@ -59509,12 +59549,12 @@ "訊請參考 。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:39974 +#: book.translate.xml:40024 msgid "This configuration is required:" msgstr "必要的環境設定：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:39978 +#: book.translate.xml:40028 msgid "" "Passwordless SSH access between sending and " "receiving host using SSH keys" @@ -59523,7 +59563,7 @@ "SSH 存取" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:39984 +#: book.translate.xml:40034 msgid "" "Normally, the privileges of the root user are needed to send and receive streams. This requires " @@ -59542,18 +59582,18 @@ "\">root 使用者在每個系統上執行各自的發送與接收操作。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40000 +#: book.translate.xml:40050 msgid "On the sending system:" msgstr "在傳送端系統上：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40002 +#: book.translate.xml:40052 #, no-wrap -msgid "# zfs allow -u someuser send,snapshot mypool" +msgid "# zfs allow -u someuser send,snapshot mypool" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40006 +#: book.translate.xml:40056 msgid "" "To mount the pool, the unprivileged user must own the directory, and regular " "users must be allowed to mount file systems. On the receiving system:" @@ -59562,19 +59602,19 @@ "統。在接收端系統上：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40010 +#: book.translate.xml:40060 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"# sysctl vfs.usermount=1\n" +"# sysctl vfs.usermount=1\n" "vfs.usermount: 0 -> 1\n" -"# echo vfs.usermount=1 >> /etc/sysctl.conf\n" +"# sysrc -f /etc/sysctl.conf vfs.usermount=1\n" "# zfs create recvpool/backup\n" "# zfs allow -u someuser create,mount,receive recvpool/backup\n" -"# chown someuser /recvpool/backup" +"# chown someuser /recvpool/backup" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:40019 +#: book.translate.xml:40069 msgid "" "The unprivileged user now has the ability to receive and mount datasets, and " "the home dataset can be replicated to the remote " @@ -59584,7 +59624,7 @@ "replaceable> 資料集可以被複製到遠端系統：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40023 +#: book.translate.xml:40073 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% zfs snapshot -r mypool/home@monday\n" @@ -59592,12 +59632,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:40026 +#: book.translate.xml:40076 msgid "" "A recursive snapshot called monday is made of the " "file system dataset home that resides on the pool " "mypool. Then it is sent with zfs send -" -"R to include the dataset, all child datasets, snaphots, clones, " +"R to include the dataset, all child datasets, snapshots, clones, " "and settings in the stream. The output is piped to the waiting zfs " "receive on the remote host backuphost " "through SSH. Using a fully qualified domain name " @@ -59623,12 +59663,12 @@ "多有關傳輸的詳細資訊，包含已花費的時間及已傳輸的資料量。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:40051 +#: book.translate.xml:40101 msgid "Dataset, User, and Group Quotas" msgstr "資料集、使用者以及群組配額" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40053 +#: book.translate.xml:40103 msgid "" "Dataset quotas are used to restrict " "the amount of space that can be consumed by a particular dataset. Group) 配額可以用來避免使用者或群組用掉儲存池或資料集的所有空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40065 +#: book.translate.xml:40115 msgid "" "To enforce a dataset quota of 10 GB for storage/home/bob:" msgstr "要設定 storage/home/bob 的資料集配額為 10 GB：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40068 +#: book.translate.xml:40118 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs set quota=10G storage/home/bob" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40070 +#: book.translate.xml:40120 msgid "" "To enforce a reference quota of 10 GB for storage/home/bob:" msgstr "要設定 storage/home/bob 的參考配額為 10 GB：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40073 +#: book.translate.xml:40123 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs set refquota=10G storage/home/bob" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40075 +#: book.translate.xml:40125 msgid "To remove a quota of 10 GB for storage/home/bob:" msgstr "要移除 storage/home/bob 的 10 GB 配額：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40078 +#: book.translate.xml:40128 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs set quota=none storage/home/bob" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40080 +#: book.translate.xml:40130 msgid "" "The general format is userquota@user=size, and the user's name " @@ -59695,7 +59735,7 @@ "下格式：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40086 +#: book.translate.xml:40136 msgid "" "POSIX compatible name such as joe." @@ -59703,13 +59743,13 @@ "POSIX 相容的名稱，如 joe。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40091 +#: book.translate.xml:40141 msgid "" "POSIX numeric ID such as 789." msgstr "POSIX 數字 ID，如 789。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40096 +#: book.translate.xml:40146 msgid "" "SID name such as joe.bloggs@example.com." @@ -59718,7 +59758,7 @@ "replaceable>。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40102 +#: book.translate.xml:40152 msgid "" "SID numeric ID such as S-1-123-456-789." @@ -59727,7 +59767,7 @@ "replaceable>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40108 +#: book.translate.xml:40158 msgid "" "For example, to enforce a user quota of 50 GB for the user named " "joe:" @@ -59735,24 +59775,24 @@ "例如，要設定使用者名為 joe 的使用者配額為 50 GB：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40111 +#: book.translate.xml:40161 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs set userquota@joe=50G" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40113 +#: book.translate.xml:40163 msgid "To remove any quota:" msgstr "要移除所有配額：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40115 +#: book.translate.xml:40165 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs set userquota@joe=none" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:40118 +#: book.translate.xml:40168 msgid "" "User quota properties are not displayed by zfs get all. " "Non-root users can only see " @@ -59766,7 +59806,7 @@ "任何人的配額。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40126 +#: book.translate.xml:40176 msgid "" "The general format for setting a group quota is: " "groupquota@group=size=size。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40129 +#: book.translate.xml:40179 msgid "" "To set the quota for the group firstgroup to " "50 GB, use:" @@ -59784,13 +59824,13 @@ "要設定群組 firstgroup 的配額為 50 GB 可使用：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40133 +#: book.translate.xml:40183 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs set groupquota@firstgroup=50G" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40135 +#: book.translate.xml:40185 msgid "" "To remove the quota for the group firstgroup, or " "to make sure that one is not set, instead use:" @@ -59799,13 +59839,13 @@ "額可使用：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40139 +#: book.translate.xml:40189 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs set groupquota@firstgroup=none" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40141 +#: book.translate.xml:40191 msgid "" "As with the user quota property, non-root users can only see the quotas associated with the groups to " @@ -59819,7 +59859,7 @@ "所有群組的任何配額。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40149 +#: book.translate.xml:40199 msgid "" "To display the amount of space used by each user on a file system or " "snapshot along with any quotas, use zfs userspace. For " @@ -59835,7 +59875,7 @@ "citerefentry>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40156 +#: book.translate.xml:40206 msgid "" "Users with sufficient privileges, and root, can list the quota for storage/home/bob " @@ -59845,18 +59885,18 @@ "用以下指令列出 storage/home/bob 的配額：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40160 +#: book.translate.xml:40210 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs get quota storage/home/bob" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:40164 +#: book.translate.xml:40214 msgid "Reservations" msgstr "保留空間" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40166 +#: book.translate.xml:40216 msgid "" "Reservations guarantee a " "minimum amount of space will always be available on a dataset. The reserved " @@ -59869,7 +59909,7 @@ "足夠的可用空間來存放重要的資料集或日誌檔時特別有用。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40173 +#: book.translate.xml:40223 msgid "" "The general format of the reservation property is " "reservation=size, so to set a " @@ -59880,24 +59920,24 @@ "storage/home/bob 設定保留 10 GB 的空間可以用：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40179 +#: book.translate.xml:40229 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs set reservation=10G storage/home/bob" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40181 +#: book.translate.xml:40231 msgid "To clear any reservation:" msgstr "要清除任何保留空間：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40183 +#: book.translate.xml:40233 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs set reservation=none storage/home/bob" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40185 +#: book.translate.xml:40235 msgid "" "The same principle can be applied to the refreservation " "property for setting a Reference " @@ -59910,7 +59950,7 @@ "replaceable>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40191 +#: book.translate.xml:40241 msgid "" "This command shows any reservations or refreservations that exist on " "storage/home/bob:" @@ -59919,7 +59959,7 @@ "reservation 或 refreservation：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40194 +#: book.translate.xml:40244 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs get reservation storage/home/bob\n" @@ -59929,12 +59969,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-compression -#: book.translate.xml:40199 book.translate.xml:41318 +#: book.translate.xml:40249 book.translate.xml:41367 msgid "Compression" msgstr "壓縮 (Compression)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40201 +#: book.translate.xml:40251 msgid "" "ZFS provides transparent compression. Compressing data at " "the block level as it is written not only saves space, but can also increase " @@ -59951,7 +59991,7 @@ "因為壓縮並不需要使用額外的記憶體。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40211 +#: book.translate.xml:40261 msgid "" "ZFS offers several different compression algorithms, each " "with different trade-offs. With the introduction of LZ4 " @@ -59977,14 +60017,14 @@ "link>) 項目。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40227 +#: book.translate.xml:40277 msgid "" "The administrator can monitor the effectiveness of compression using a " "number of dataset properties." msgstr "管理者可以使用資料集的屬性來監視壓縮的效果。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40230 +#: book.translate.xml:40280 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zfs get used,compressratio,compression,logicalused mypool/compressed_dataset\n" @@ -59996,19 +60036,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40237 +#: book.translate.xml:40287 msgid "" "The dataset is currently using 449 GB of space (the used property). Without " -"compression, it would have taken 496 GB of space (the " -"logicallyused property). This results in the 1.11:1 " -"compression ratio." +"compression, it would have taken 496 GB of space (the logicalused property). This results in the 1.11:1 compression ratio." msgstr "" "資料集目前使用了 449 GB 的空間 (在 used 屬性)。在尚未壓縮前，該資料集應該會使" -"用 496 GB 的空間 (於 logicallyused 屬性)，這個結果顯示目前" -"的壓縮比為 1.11:1。" +"用 496 GB 的空間 (於 logicalused 屬性)，這個結果顯示目前的" +"壓縮比為 1.11:1。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40243 +#: book.translate.xml:40293 msgid "" "Compression can have an unexpected side effect when combined with User Quotas. User quotas restrict how " @@ -60032,7 +60071,7 @@ "literal> 屬性)，但因為更改影響了壓縮率，導致使用者達到配額的上限。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40258 +#: book.translate.xml:40308 msgid "" "Compression can have a similar unexpected interaction with backups. Quotas " "are often used to limit how much data can be stored to ensure there is " @@ -60047,12 +60086,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/title #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-deduplication -#: book.translate.xml:40267 book.translate.xml:41411 +#: book.translate.xml:40317 book.translate.xml:41460 msgid "Deduplication" msgstr "去重複 (Deduplication)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40269 +#: book.translate.xml:40319 msgid "" "When enabled, deduplication " "uses the checksum of each block to detect duplicate blocks. When a new block " @@ -60071,20 +60110,20 @@ "啟壓縮功能來達成，而壓縮功能不需要使用額外的記憶體。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40281 +#: book.translate.xml:40331 msgid "" "To activate deduplication, set the dedup property on the " "target pool:" msgstr "要開啟去重複功能，需在目標儲存池設定 dedup 屬性：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40284 +#: book.translate.xml:40334 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs set dedup=on pool" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40286 +#: book.translate.xml:40336 msgid "" "Only new data being written to the pool will be deduplicated. Data that has " "already been written to the pool will not be deduplicated merely by " @@ -60095,7 +60134,7 @@ "會因此啟動了這個選項而做去重複。查看已開啟去重複屬性的儲存池會如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40292 +#: book.translate.xml:40342 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool list\n" @@ -60104,7 +60143,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40296 +#: book.translate.xml:40346 msgid "" "The DEDUP column shows the actual rate of deduplication " "for the pool. A value of 1.00x shows that data has not " @@ -60116,22 +60155,21 @@ "重複儲存池中複製三份 Port 樹到不同的目錄中。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40303 +#: book.translate.xml:40353 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"# zpool list\n" -"for d in dir1 dir2 dir3; do\n" -"for> mkdir $d && cp -R /usr/ports $d &\n" -"for> done" +"# for d in dir1 dir2 dir3; do\n" +"> mkdir $d && cp -R /usr/ports $d &\n" +"> done" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40308 +#: book.translate.xml:40357 msgid "Redundant data is detected and deduplicated:" msgstr "已經偵測到重複的資料並做去重複：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40310 +#: book.translate.xml:40359 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zpool list\n" @@ -60140,7 +60178,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40314 +#: book.translate.xml:40363 msgid "" "The DEDUP column shows a factor of 3.00x. Multiple copies of the ports tree data was detected and " @@ -60154,7 +60192,7 @@ "蹤去重複的資料區塊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40321 +#: book.translate.xml:40370 msgid "" "Deduplication is not always beneficial, especially when the data on a pool " "is not redundant. ZFS can show potential space savings by " @@ -60165,7 +60203,7 @@ "的空間：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:40326 +#: book.translate.xml:40375 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# zdb -S pool\n" @@ -60191,7 +60229,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40347 +#: book.translate.xml:40396 msgid "" "After zdb -S finishes analyzing the pool, it shows the " "space reduction ratio that would be achieved by activating deduplication. In " @@ -60219,12 +60257,12 @@ "\"zfs-term-deduplication\">DDT 時才開啟。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:40367 +#: book.translate.xml:40416 msgid "ZFS and Jails" msgstr "ZFS 與 Jail" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40369 +#: book.translate.xml:40418 msgid "" "zfs jail and the corresponding jailed " "property are used to delegate a ZFS dataset to a ZFS administration functions. For example, if " @@ -60266,12 +60304,12 @@ "委託給其他人，每個子指令與大多數屬性都可使用權限委託。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:40400 +#: book.translate.xml:40449 msgid "Delegating Dataset Creation" msgstr "委託資料集建立" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40402 +#: book.translate.xml:40451 msgid "" "zfs allow someuser create " "mydataset gives the specified user " @@ -60294,12 +60332,12 @@ "systemitem> 使用者必須擁有掛載點在檔案系統中所在位置的權限才可掛載。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:40417 +#: book.translate.xml:40466 msgid "Delegating Permission Delegation" msgstr "委託權限委託" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40419 +#: book.translate.xml:40468 msgid "" "zfs allow someuser allow " "mydataset gives the specified user the " @@ -60315,12 +60353,12 @@ "可以授權 snapshot 權限給其他使用者。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:40435 +#: book.translate.xml:40484 msgid "Tuning" msgstr "調校" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40437 +#: book.translate.xml:40486 msgid "" "There are a number of tunables that can be adjusted to make ZFS perform best for different workloads." @@ -60330,7 +60368,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-advanced-tuning-arc_max -#: book.translate.xml:40443 +#: book.translate.xml:40492 msgid "" "vfs.zfs.arc_max - Maximum size of " "the ARC. The " @@ -60343,7 +60381,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-advanced-tuning-arc_meta_limit -#: book.translate.xml:40454 +#: book.translate.xml:40503 msgid "" "vfs.zfs.arc_meta_limit - Limit the " "portion of the ARC " @@ -60358,7 +60396,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-advanced-tuning-arc_min -#: book.translate.xml:40468 +#: book.translate.xml:40517 msgid "" "vfs.zfs.arc_min - Minimum size of " "the ARC. The " @@ -60371,7 +60409,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-advanced-tuning-vdev-cache-size -#: book.translate.xml:40479 +#: book.translate.xml:40528 msgid "" "vfs.zfs.vdev.cache.size - A " "preallocated amount of memory reserved as a cache for each device in the " @@ -60382,7 +60420,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-advanced-tuning-min-auto-ashift -#: book.translate.xml:40488 +#: book.translate.xml:40537 msgid "" "vfs.zfs.min_auto_ashift - Minimum " "ashift (sector size) that will be used automatically at " @@ -60394,7 +60432,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40498 +#: book.translate.xml:40547 msgid "" "Many drives have 4 KB sectors. Using the default ashift " "of 9 with these drives results in write amplification on " @@ -60409,7 +60447,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40513 +#: book.translate.xml:40562 msgid "" "Forcing 4 KB blocks is also useful on pools where disk upgrades are planned. " "Future disks are likely to use 4 KB sectors, and ashift " @@ -60417,7 +60455,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40518 +#: book.translate.xml:40567 msgid "" "In some specific cases, the smaller 512-byte block size might be preferable. " "When used with 512-byte disks for databases, or as storage for virtual " @@ -60428,7 +60466,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-advanced-tuning-prefetch_disable -#: book.translate.xml:40527 +#: book.translate.xml:40576 msgid "" "vfs.zfs.prefetch_disable - Disable " "prefetch. A value of 0 is enabled and 1vfs.zfs.vdev.trim_on_init - Control " "whether new devices added to the pool have the TRIM " @@ -60458,7 +60496,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-advanced-tuning-vdev-max_pending -#: book.translate.xml:40554 +#: book.translate.xml:40603 msgid "" "vfs.zfs.vdev.max_pending - Limit the " "number of pending I/O requests per device. A higher value will keep the " @@ -60470,7 +60508,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-advanced-tuning-top_maxinflight -#: book.translate.xml:40563 +#: book.translate.xml:40612 msgid "" "vfs.zfs.top_maxinflight - Maxmimum " "number of outstanding I/Os per top-level vfs.zfs.l2arc_write_max - Limit the " "amount of data written to the vfs.zfs.l2arc_write_boost - The " "value of this tunable is added to vfs.zfs.scrub_delay - Number of " "ticks to delay between each I/O during a vfs.zfs.resilver_delay - Number of " "milliseconds of delay inserted between each I/O during a vfs.zfs.scan_idle - Number of " "milliseconds since the last operation before the pool is considered idle. " @@ -60577,7 +60615,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-advanced-tuning-txg-timeout -#: book.translate.xml:40663 +#: book.translate.xml:40712 msgid "" "vfs.zfs.txg.timeout - Maximum number " "of seconds between transaction groups. " @@ -60592,12 +60630,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:40700 +#: book.translate.xml:40749 msgid "ZFS on i386" msgstr "i386 上的 ZFS" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:40702 +#: book.translate.xml:40751 msgid "" "Some of the features provided by ZFS are memory " "intensive, and may require tuning for maximum efficiency on systems with " @@ -60607,12 +60645,12 @@ "RAM 的系統調校來取得最佳的效率。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:40708 +#: book.translate.xml:40757 msgid "Memory" msgstr "記憶體" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:40710 +#: book.translate.xml:40759 msgid "" "As a bare minimum, the total system memory should be at least one gigabyte. " "The amount of recommended RAM depends upon the size of " @@ -60633,12 +60671,12 @@ "要更進一步的調校。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:40725 book.translate.xml:62193 +#: book.translate.xml:40774 book.translate.xml:62576 msgid "Kernel Configuration" msgstr "核心設定" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:40727 +#: book.translate.xml:40776 msgid "" "Due to the address space limitations of the i386 " "platform, ZFS users on the i386 " @@ -60650,13 +60688,13 @@ "定檔，重新編譯核心並重新開啟：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:40733 +#: book.translate.xml:40782 #, no-wrap msgid "options KVA_PAGES=512" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:40735 +#: book.translate.xml:40784 msgid "" "This expands the kernel address space, allowing the vm.kvm_size tunable to be pushed beyond the currently imposed limit of 1 GB, or " @@ -60670,12 +60708,12 @@ "512。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:40745 +#: book.translate.xml:40794 msgid "Loader Tunables" msgstr "載入程式可調參數" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:40747 +#: book.translate.xml:40796 msgid "" "The kmem address space can be increased on all FreeBSD " "architectures. On a test system with 1 GB of physical memory, success was " @@ -60687,7 +60725,7 @@ "conf，重新開啟系統，可成功設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:40754 +#: book.translate.xml:40803 #, no-wrap msgid "" "vm.kmem_size=\"330M\"\n" @@ -60697,7 +60735,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:40759 +#: book.translate.xml:40808 msgid "" "For a more detailed list of recommendations for ZFS-" "related tuning, see 。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:40766 +#: book.translate.xml:40815 msgid "Additional Resources" msgstr "其他資源" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40770 +#: book.translate.xml:40819 msgid "" "FreeBSD Wiki - " "ZFS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40775 +#: book.translate.xml:40824 msgid "" "FreeBSD Wiki - " "ZFS Tuning" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40780 +#: book.translate.xml:40829 msgid "" "Illumos " "Wiki - ZFS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40785 +#: book.translate.xml:40834 msgid "" "Oracle Solaris ZFS Administration Guide" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40791 +#: book.translate.xml:40840 msgid "" "ZFS Evil Tuning Guide" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40796 +#: book.translate.xml:40845 msgid "" "ZFS Best Practices Guide" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40801 +#: book.translate.xml:40850 msgid "" "Calomel Blog - ZFS Raidz Performance, Capacity and " @@ -60762,12 +60800,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:40809 +#: book.translate.xml:40858 msgid "ZFS Features and Terminology" msgstr "ZFS 特色與術語" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:40811 +#: book.translate.xml:40860 msgid "" "ZFS is a fundamentally different file system because it " "is more than just a file system. ZFS combines the roles " @@ -60798,12 +60836,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-pool -#: book.translate.xml:40835 +#: book.translate.xml:40884 msgid "pool" msgstr "儲存池 (Pool)" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:40849 +#: book.translate.xml:40898 msgid "" "FreeBSD 9.0 and 9.1 include support for ZFS version 28. " "Later versions use ZFS version 5000 with feature flags. " @@ -60815,7 +60853,7 @@ "統有更佳的相容性，能夠與其他人實作的 ZFS 相容。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:40837 +#: book.translate.xml:40886 msgid "" "A storage pool is the most basic building block of " "ZFS. A pool is made up of one or more vdevs, the " @@ -60835,13 +60873,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-vdev -#: book.translate.xml:40860 +#: book.translate.xml:40909 msgid "vdev Types" msgstr "vdev 型態 (vdev Types)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-vdev-disk -#: book.translate.xml:40871 +#: book.translate.xml:40920 msgid "" "Disk - The most basic type of vdev is a standard block " "device. This can be an entire disk (such as /dev/" @@ -60860,7 +60898,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-vdev-file -#: book.translate.xml:40886 +#: book.translate.xml:40935 msgid "" "File - In addition to disks, ZFS " "pools can be backed by regular files, this is especially useful for testing " @@ -60874,7 +60912,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-vdev-mirror -#: book.translate.xml:40896 +#: book.translate.xml:40945 msgid "" "Mirror - When creating a mirror, specify the " "mirror keyword followed by the list of member devices for " @@ -60889,7 +60927,7 @@ "故障只剩其中一個而不損失任何資料。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:40907 +#: book.translate.xml:40956 msgid "" "A regular single disk vdev can be upgraded to a mirror vdev at any time with " "zpool attach." @@ -60899,7 +60937,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-vdev-raidz -#: book.translate.xml:40915 +#: book.translate.xml:40964 msgid "" "RAID-Z - ZFS " "implements RAID-Z, a variation on standard " @@ -60923,7 +60961,7 @@ "RAID-Z3 。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40933 +#: book.translate.xml:40982 msgid "" "In a RAID-Z1 configuration with four disks, each 1 TB, " "usable storage is 3 TB and the pool will still be able to operate in " @@ -60936,7 +60974,7 @@ "未更換並修復 (Resilver) 之前又有磁碟故障，所有在儲存池中的資料便會遺失。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40941 +#: book.translate.xml:40990 msgid "" "In a RAID-Z3 configuration with eight disks of 1 TB, the " "volume will provide 5 TB of usable space and still be able to operate with " @@ -60951,7 +60989,7 @@ "vdev，這樣儲存池的資料便會分散到這兩個 vdev。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:40950 +#: book.translate.xml:40999 msgid "" "A configuration of two RAID-Z2 vdevs consisting of 8 " "disks each would create something similar to a RAID-60 " @@ -60969,7 +61007,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-vdev-spare -#: book.translate.xml:40965 +#: book.translate.xml:41014 msgid "" "Spare - ZFS has a special pseudo-" "vdev type for keeping track of available hot spares. Note that installed hot " @@ -60983,7 +61021,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-vdev-log -#: book.translate.xml:40975 +#: book.translate.xml:41024 msgid "" "Log - ZFS Log Devices, also known as " "ZFS Intent Log (Cache - Adding a cache vdev to a pool will add the " "storage of the cache to the L2ARCRAID " @@ -61030,12 +61068,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-txg -#: book.translate.xml:41001 +#: book.translate.xml:41050 msgid "Transaction Group (TXG)" msgstr "交易群組 (Transaction Group, TXG)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41015 +#: book.translate.xml:41064 msgid "" "Open - When a new transaction group is created, it is " "in the open state, and accepts new writes. There is always a transaction " @@ -61052,7 +61090,7 @@ "交易群組便會繼續進入下一個狀態。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41027 +#: book.translate.xml:41076 msgid "" "Quiescing - A short state that allows any pending " "operations to finish while not blocking the creation of a new open " @@ -61064,7 +61102,7 @@ "便會進入到最終狀態。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41036 +#: book.translate.xml:41085 msgid "" "Syncing - All of the data in the transaction group is " "written to stable storage. This process will in turn modify other data, such " @@ -61091,7 +61129,7 @@ "態。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41004 +#: book.translate.xml:41053 msgid "" "Transaction Groups are the way changed blocks are grouped together and " "eventually written to the pool. Transaction groups are the atomic unit that " @@ -61115,12 +61153,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-arc -#: book.translate.xml:41068 +#: book.translate.xml:41117 msgid "Adaptive Replacement Cache (ARC)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41071 +#: book.translate.xml:41120 msgid "" "ZFS uses an Adaptive Replacement Cache (ARC), rather than a more traditional Least Recently Used (LRUL2ARC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41101 +#: book.translate.xml:41150 msgid "" "L2ARC is the second level of the ZFS " "caching system. The primary ARC is stored in " @@ -61216,12 +61254,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-zil -#: book.translate.xml:41136 +#: book.translate.xml:41185 msgid "ZIL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41138 +#: book.translate.xml:41187 msgid "" "ZIL accelerates synchronous transactions by using storage " "devices like SSDs that are faster than those used in the " @@ -61243,12 +61281,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-cow -#: book.translate.xml:41154 +#: book.translate.xml:41203 msgid "Copy-On-Write" msgstr "寫入時複製 (Copy-On-Write)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41156 +#: book.translate.xml:41205 msgid "" "Unlike a traditional file system, when data is overwritten on ZFS, the new data is written to a different block rather than " @@ -61270,12 +61308,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-dataset -#: book.translate.xml:41170 +#: book.translate.xml:41219 msgid "Dataset" msgstr "資料集 (Dataset)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41172 +#: book.translate.xml:41221 msgid "" "Dataset is the generic term for a ZFS file system, volume, snapshot or clone. Each dataset has a unique " @@ -61302,12 +61340,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-filesystem -#: book.translate.xml:41194 +#: book.translate.xml:41243 msgid "File system" msgstr "檔案系統 (File system)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41196 +#: book.translate.xml:41245 msgid "" "A ZFS dataset is most often used as a file system. Like " "most other file systems, a ZFS file system is mounted " @@ -61320,12 +61358,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-volume -#: book.translate.xml:41205 +#: book.translate.xml:41254 msgid "Volume" msgstr "磁碟區 (Volume)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41207 +#: book.translate.xml:41256 msgid "" "In additional to regular file system datasets, ZFS can " "also create volumes, which are block devices. Volumes have many of the same " @@ -61342,12 +61380,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-snapshot -#: book.translate.xml:41219 +#: book.translate.xml:41268 msgid "Snapshot" msgstr "快照 (Snapshot)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41221 +#: book.translate.xml:41270 msgid "" "The copy-on-write (COW) design of ZFS allows for nearly instantaneous, " @@ -61395,12 +61433,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-clone -#: book.translate.xml:41260 +#: book.translate.xml:41309 msgid "Clone" msgstr "複本 (Clone)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41262 +#: book.translate.xml:41311 msgid "" "Snapshots can also be cloned. A clone is a writable version of a snapshot, " "allowing the file system to be forked as a new dataset. As with a snapshot, " @@ -61426,27 +61464,27 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-checksum -#: book.translate.xml:41282 +#: book.translate.xml:41331 msgid "Checksum" msgstr "校驗碼 (Checksum)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41298 +#: book.translate.xml:41347 msgid "fletcher2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41302 +#: book.translate.xml:41351 msgid "fletcher4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41306 +#: book.translate.xml:41355 msgid "sha256" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41284 +#: book.translate.xml:41333 msgid "" "Every block that is allocated is also checksummed. The checksum algorithm " "used is a per-dataset property, see LZ4 - Added in ZFS pool version 5000 (feature flags), LZ4 is now " @@ -61494,12 +61532,12 @@ "1.5 GB/s (每個 CPU 核心)。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:41347 +#: book.translate.xml:41396 msgid "LZ4 compression is only available after FreeBSD 9.2." msgstr "LZ4 壓縮只在 FreeBSD 9.2 之後可使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41353 +#: book.translate.xml:41402 msgid "" "LZJB - The default compression " "algorithm. Created by Jeff Bonwick (one of the original creators of " @@ -61514,7 +61552,7 @@ "提供較佳的壓縮功能。在未來預設的壓縮演算法將會更換為 LZ4。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41365 +#: book.translate.xml:41414 msgid "" "GZIP - A popular stream compression " "algorithm available in ZFS. One of the main advantages of " @@ -61533,7 +61571,7 @@ "間。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41381 +#: book.translate.xml:41430 msgid "" "ZLE - Zero Length Encoding is a " "special compression algorithm that only compresses continuous runs of zeros. " @@ -61545,7 +61583,7 @@ "用。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41320 +#: book.translate.xml:41369 msgid "" "Each dataset has a compression property, which defaults to off. This " "property can be set to one of a number of compression algorithms. This will " @@ -61560,12 +61598,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-copies -#: book.translate.xml:41392 +#: book.translate.xml:41441 msgid "Copies" msgstr "備份數 (Copies)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41394 +#: book.translate.xml:41443 msgid "" "When set to a value greater than 1, the copies property " "instructs ZFS to maintain multiple copies of each block " @@ -61586,7 +61624,7 @@ "損失的資料。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41413 +#: book.translate.xml:41462 msgid "" "Checksums make it possible to detect duplicate blocks of data as they are " "written. With deduplication, the reference count of an existing, identical " @@ -61633,12 +61671,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-scrub -#: book.translate.xml:41451 +#: book.translate.xml:41500 msgid "Scrub" msgstr "清潔 (Scrub)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41453 +#: book.translate.xml:41502 msgid "" "Instead of a consistency check like fsck8, ZFSZFS supports different types of quotas: the dataset " "quota, the reference quota " @@ -61689,7 +61727,7 @@ "以及群組配額 (Group quota)。" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:41490 +#: book.translate.xml:41539 msgid "" "Quotas limit the amount of space that a dataset and all of its descendants, " "including snapshots of the dataset, child datasets, and the snapshots of " @@ -61699,7 +61737,7 @@ "量。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:41496 +#: book.translate.xml:41545 msgid "" "Quotas cannot be set on volumes, as the volsize property " "acts as an implicit quota." @@ -61708,7 +61746,7 @@ "配額。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41475 +#: book.translate.xml:41524 msgid "" "ZFS provides very fast and accurate dataset, user, and " "group space accounting in addition to quotas and space reservations. This " @@ -61722,12 +61760,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-refquota -#: book.translate.xml:41503 +#: book.translate.xml:41552 msgid "Reference Quota" msgstr "參考配額 (Reference Quota)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41506 +#: book.translate.xml:41555 msgid "" "A reference quota limits the amount of space a dataset can consume by " "enforcing a hard limit. However, this hard limit includes only space that " @@ -61740,12 +61778,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-userquota -#: book.translate.xml:41514 +#: book.translate.xml:41563 msgid "User Quota" msgstr "使用者配額 (User Quota)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41517 +#: book.translate.xml:41566 msgid "" "User quotas are useful to limit the amount of space that can be used by the " "specified user." @@ -61753,12 +61791,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-groupquota -#: book.translate.xml:41522 +#: book.translate.xml:41571 msgid "Group Quota" msgstr "群組配額 (Group Quota)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41525 +#: book.translate.xml:41574 msgid "" "The group quota limits the amount of space that a specified group can " "consume." @@ -61766,12 +61804,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-reservation -#: book.translate.xml:41530 +#: book.translate.xml:41579 msgid "Dataset Reservation" msgstr "資料集保留空間 (Dataset Reservation)" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:41548 +#: book.translate.xml:41597 msgid "" "Reservations of any sort are useful in many situations, such as planning and " "testing the suitability of disk space allocation in a new system, or " @@ -61782,7 +61820,7 @@ "上的適應性，或是確保有足夠的空間供稽查日誌或系統還原程序及檔案使用。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41533 +#: book.translate.xml:41582 msgid "" "The reservation property makes it possible to guarantee a " "minimum amount of space for a specific dataset and its descendants. If a " @@ -61804,12 +61842,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-refreservation -#: book.translate.xml:41558 +#: book.translate.xml:41607 msgid "Reference Reservation" msgstr "參考保留空間 (Reference Reservation)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41561 +#: book.translate.xml:41610 msgid "" "The refreservation property makes it possible to " "guarantee a minimum amount of space for the use of a specific dataset " @@ -61837,12 +61875,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-resilver -#: book.translate.xml:41583 +#: book.translate.xml:41632 msgid "Resilver" msgstr "修復 (Resilver)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41585 +#: book.translate.xml:41634 msgid "" "When a disk fails and is replaced, the new disk must be filled with the data " "that was lost. The process of using the parity information distributed " @@ -61855,12 +61893,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-online -#: book.translate.xml:41594 +#: book.translate.xml:41643 msgid "Online" msgstr "上線 (Online)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41596 +#: book.translate.xml:41645 msgid "" "A pool or vdev in the Online state has all of its member " "devices connected and fully operational. Individual devices in the " @@ -61872,12 +61910,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-offline -#: book.translate.xml:41604 +#: book.translate.xml:41653 msgid "Offline" msgstr "離線 (Offline)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41606 +#: book.translate.xml:41655 msgid "" "Individual devices can be put in an Offline state by the " "administrator if there is sufficient redundancy to avoid putting the pool or " @@ -61892,12 +61930,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-degraded -#: book.translate.xml:41617 +#: book.translate.xml:41666 msgid "Degraded" msgstr "降級 (Degraded)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41619 +#: book.translate.xml:41668 msgid "" "A pool or vdev in the Degraded state has one or more " "disks that have been disconnected or have failed. The pool is still usable, " @@ -61915,12 +61953,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#zfs-term-faulted -#: book.translate.xml:41632 +#: book.translate.xml:41681 msgid "Faulted" msgstr "故障 (Faulted)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:41634 +#: book.translate.xml:41683 msgid "" "A pool or vdev in the Faulted state is no longer " "operational. The data on it can no longer be accessed. A pool or vdev enters " @@ -61939,22 +61977,22 @@ "還原。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:41659 +#: book.translate.xml:41708 msgid "Other File Systems" msgstr "其他檔案系統" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:41670 +#: book.translate.xml:41719 msgid "File Systems" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:41671 +#: book.translate.xml:41720 msgid "File Systems Support File Systems" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:41676 +#: book.translate.xml:41725 msgid "" "File systems are an integral part of any operating system. They allow users " "to upload and store files, provide access to data, and make hard drives " @@ -61967,7 +62005,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:41686 +#: book.translate.xml:41735 msgid "" "In addition to its native file systems, FreeBSD supports a multitude of " "other file systems so that data from other operating systems can be accessed " @@ -61978,7 +62016,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:41694 +#: book.translate.xml:41743 msgid "" "There are different levels of FreeBSD support for the various file systems. " "Some require a kernel module to be loaded and others may require a toolset " @@ -61987,56 +62025,56 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41704 +#: book.translate.xml:41753 msgid "The difference between native and supported file systems." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41709 +#: book.translate.xml:41758 msgid "Which file systems are supported by FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41713 +#: book.translate.xml:41762 msgid "" "How to enable, configure, access, and make use of non-native file systems." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41722 +#: book.translate.xml:41771 msgid "" "Understand UNIX and FreeBSD basics." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41727 +#: book.translate.xml:41776 msgid "" "Be familiar with the basics of kernel " "configuration and compilation." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41732 +#: book.translate.xml:41781 msgid "" "Feel comfortable installing software in " "FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41737 +#: book.translate.xml:41786 msgid "" "Have some familiarity with disks, storage, " "and device names in FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:41744 +#: book.translate.xml:41793 msgid "Linux File Systems" msgstr "Linux 檔案系統" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:41746 +#: book.translate.xml:41795 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides built-in support for several Linux file systems. This section demonstrates how to load " @@ -62045,12 +62083,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:41751 +#: book.translate.xml:41800 msgid "ext2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41753 +#: book.translate.xml:41802 msgid "" "Kernel support for ext2 file systems has been available since FreeBSD 2.2. " "In FreeBSD 8.x and earlier, the code is licensed under the GPLext2fs5 driver allows the FreeBSD kernel to both read and " @@ -62067,7 +62105,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:41764 +#: book.translate.xml:41813 msgid "" "This driver can also be used to access ext3 and ext4 file systems. However, " "ext3 journaling and extended attributes are not supported. Support for ext4 " @@ -62075,18 +62113,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41770 +#: book.translate.xml:41819 msgid "To access an ext file system, first load the kernel loadable module:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:41773 +#: book.translate.xml:41822 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload ext2fs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41775 +#: book.translate.xml:41824 msgid "" "Then, mount the ext volume by specifying its FreeBSD partition name and an " "existing mount point. This example mounts /dev/ad1s1 on " @@ -62094,68 +62132,75 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:41780 +#: book.translate.xml:41829 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount -t ext2fs /dev/ad1s1 /mnt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:41784 +#: book.translate.xml:41833 msgid "ReiserFS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41786 +#: book.translate.xml:41835 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides read-only support for The Reiser file system, ReiserFS." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41789 +#: book.translate.xml:41838 msgid "" "To load the reiserfs5 driver:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:41791 +#: book.translate.xml:41840 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload reiserfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41793 +#: book.translate.xml:41842 msgid "" "Then, to mount a ReiserFS volume located on /dev/ad1s1:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:41796 +#: book.translate.xml:41845 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount -t reiserfs /dev/ad1s1 /mnt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:41851 +#: book.translate.xml:41900 msgid "Virtualization" msgstr "虛擬化" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:41854 book.translate.xml:56379 +#: book.translate.xml:41903 book.translate.xml:56762 msgid "" " Murray Stokely Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:41864 +#: book.translate.xml:41913 msgid "" " Allan Jude bhyve section by " msgstr "" +#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author +#: book.translate.xml:41923 +msgid "" +" Benedict Reuschling Xen section by " +msgstr "" + #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:41877 +#: book.translate.xml:41936 msgid "" "Virtualization software allows multiple operating systems to run " "simultaneously on the same computer. Such software systems for PCIntel-based Apple " @@ -62184,7 +62229,7 @@ "trademark> 電腦安裝 FreeBSD 。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41897 +#: book.translate.xml:41956 msgid "" "How to install FreeBSD on Microsoft Windows with " @@ -62195,17 +62240,17 @@ "application> 安裝 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41902 +#: book.translate.xml:41961 msgid "How to install FreeBSD as a guest in bhyve." msgstr "如何以 FreeBSD 作為客端安裝在 bhyve。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41907 +#: book.translate.xml:41966 msgid "How to tune a FreeBSD system for best performance under virtualization." msgstr "如何調校 FreeBSD 系統來取得虛擬化的最佳效能。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41917 +#: book.translate.xml:41976 msgid "" "Understand the basics of UNIX and FreeBSD." @@ -62214,26 +62259,26 @@ "trademark> 與 FreeBSD 的基礎。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41922 +#: book.translate.xml:41981 msgid "Know how to install FreeBSD." msgstr "知道如何安裝 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41927 +#: book.translate.xml:41986 msgid "" "Know how to set up a network " "connection." msgstr "知道如何設定網路連線。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:41932 +#: book.translate.xml:41991 msgid "" "Know how to install additional third-party software." msgstr "知道如何安裝其他第三方軟體。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:41939 +#: book.translate.xml:41998 msgid "" "FreeBSD as a Guest on Parallels for Mac OS X" @@ -62242,7 +62287,7 @@ "Parallels 安裝 FreeBSD 為客端" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:41942 +#: book.translate.xml:42001 msgid "" "Parallels Desktop for Mac is a commercial software product available " @@ -62265,7 +62310,7 @@ "必先完成虛擬機器的設定後才可安裝想使用的客端作業系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:41951 +#: book.translate.xml:42010 msgid "" "Installing FreeBSD on Parallels/Mac OS X" @@ -62274,7 +62319,7 @@ "FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41953 +#: book.translate.xml:42012 msgid "" "The first step in installing FreeBSD on Parallels " "is to create a new virtual machine for installing FreeBSD. Select " @@ -62290,13 +62335,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41961 +#: book.translate.xml:42020 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd1' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41965 +#: book.translate.xml:42024 msgid "" "Choose a reasonable amount of disk and memory depending on the plans for " "this virtual FreeBSD instance. 4GB of disk space and 512MB of RAM work well " @@ -62311,7 +62356,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41972 +#: book.translate.xml:42031 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd2' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -62321,7 +62366,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41978 +#: book.translate.xml:42037 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd3' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -62331,7 +62376,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41984 +#: book.translate.xml:42043 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd4' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -62341,13 +62386,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41990 +#: book.translate.xml:42049 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd5' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:41994 +#: book.translate.xml:42053 msgid "Select the type of networking and a network interface:" msgstr "選擇網路類型以及網路介面：" @@ -62356,7 +62401,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:41999 +#: book.translate.xml:42058 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd6' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -62366,13 +62411,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42005 +#: book.translate.xml:42064 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd7' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42009 book.translate.xml:42193 +#: book.translate.xml:42068 book.translate.xml:42252 msgid "Save and finish the configuration:" msgstr "儲存並完成設定：" @@ -62381,7 +62426,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42013 +#: book.translate.xml:42072 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd8' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -62391,13 +62436,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42019 +#: book.translate.xml:42078 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd9' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42023 +#: book.translate.xml:42082 msgid "" "After the FreeBSD virtual machine has been created, FreeBSD can be installed " "on it. This is best done with an official FreeBSD CD/" @@ -62429,13 +62474,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42040 +#: book.translate.xml:42099 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd11' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42044 +#: book.translate.xml:42103 msgid "" "Once this association with the CD-ROM source has been " "made, reboot the FreeBSD virtual machine by clicking the reboot icon. " @@ -62452,13 +62497,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42053 +#: book.translate.xml:42112 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd10' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42057 +#: book.translate.xml:42116 msgid "" "In this case it will find the FreeBSD installation media and begin a normal " "FreeBSD installation. Perform the installation, but do not attempt to " @@ -62472,13 +62517,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42064 +#: book.translate.xml:42123 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd12' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42068 +#: book.translate.xml:42127 msgid "" "When the installation is finished, reboot into the newly installed FreeBSD " "virtual machine." @@ -62489,18 +62534,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42073 +#: book.translate.xml:42132 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/parallels-freebsd13' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42079 +#: book.translate.xml:42138 msgid "Configuring FreeBSD on Parallels" msgstr "在 Parallels 設定 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42082 +#: book.translate.xml:42141 msgid "" "After FreeBSD has been successfully installed on Mac OS X with Parallelskern.hz tunable to " "reduce the CPU utilization of FreeBSD under the Parallels/boot/loader.conf 來完成這個動作：" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42098 book.translate.xml:42303 book.translate.xml:42507 +#: book.translate.xml:42157 book.translate.xml:42362 book.translate.xml:42566 #, no-wrap msgid "kern.hz=100" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42100 +#: book.translate.xml:42159 msgid "" "Without this setting, an idle FreeBSD Parallels " "guest will use roughly 15% of the CPU of a single processor Parallels " @@ -62573,12 +62618,12 @@ "citerefentry> 外的所有網路裝置可以自核心中移除。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:42118 book.translate.xml:42324 book.translate.xml:42527 +#: book.translate.xml:42177 book.translate.xml:42383 book.translate.xml:42586 msgid "Configure Networking" msgstr "設定網路" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42120 +#: book.translate.xml:42179 msgid "" "The most basic networking setup uses DHCP to connect the virtual machine to " "the same local area network as the host MacVirtual PC for Windows" @@ -62602,7 +62647,7 @@ "Virtual PC 安裝 FreeBSD 為客端" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42136 +#: book.translate.xml:42195 msgid "" "Virtual PC for Windows is a MicrosoftVirtual PC" msgstr "在 Virtual PC 安裝 FreeBSD " #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42148 +#: book.translate.xml:42207 msgid "" "The first step in installing FreeBSD on Virtual PC is to create a new virtual machine for installing FreeBSD. " @@ -62644,7 +62689,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42156 +#: book.translate.xml:42215 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd1' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -62654,13 +62699,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42162 +#: book.translate.xml:42221 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd2' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42166 +#: book.translate.xml:42225 msgid "" "Select Other as the Operating " "system when prompted:" @@ -62673,13 +62718,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42172 +#: book.translate.xml:42231 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd3' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42176 +#: book.translate.xml:42235 msgid "" "Then, choose a reasonable amount of disk and memory depending on the plans " "for this virtual FreeBSD instance. 4GB of disk space and 512MB of RAM work " @@ -62694,7 +62739,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42183 +#: book.translate.xml:42242 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd4' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -62704,7 +62749,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42189 +#: book.translate.xml:42248 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd5' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -62714,13 +62759,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42197 +#: book.translate.xml:42256 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd6' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42201 +#: book.translate.xml:42260 msgid "" "Select the FreeBSD virtual machine and click Settings, " "then set the type of networking and a network interface:" @@ -62733,7 +62778,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42207 +#: book.translate.xml:42266 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd7' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -62743,13 +62788,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42213 +#: book.translate.xml:42272 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd8' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42217 +#: book.translate.xml:42276 msgid "" "After the FreeBSD virtual machine has been created, FreeBSD can be installed " "on it. This is best done with an official FreeBSD CD/" @@ -62781,7 +62826,7 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42235 +#: book.translate.xml:42294 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd9' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" @@ -62791,13 +62836,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42241 +#: book.translate.xml:42300 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd10' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42245 +#: book.translate.xml:42304 msgid "" "Once this association with the CD-ROM source has been " "made, reboot the FreeBSD virtual machine by clicking ActionCD/DVD or release the ISO image. " @@ -62855,18 +62900,18 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42277 +#: book.translate.xml:42336 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/virtualpc-freebsd13' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42283 +#: book.translate.xml:42342 msgid "Configuring FreeBSD on Virtual PC" msgstr "在 Virtual PC 設定 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42286 +#: book.translate.xml:42345 msgid "" "After FreeBSD has been successfully installed on Microsoft kern.hz tunable to " "reduce the CPU utilization of FreeBSD under the Virtual PC/boot/loader.conf 來完成：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42305 +#: book.translate.xml:42364 msgid "" "Without this setting, an idle FreeBSD Virtual PC " "guest OS will use roughly 40% of the CPU of a single processor computer. " @@ -62902,7 +62947,7 @@ "OS 會消耗掉單一處理器的電腦 40% 的 CPU。完成此更改後使用率會減至接近 3%。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42315 +#: book.translate.xml:42374 msgid "" "All of the SCSI, FireWire, and USB device drivers can be removed from a " "custom kernel configuration file. Virtual PC " @@ -62923,7 +62968,7 @@ "citerefentry> 外的所有網路裝置可以自核心中移除。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42326 +#: book.translate.xml:42385 msgid "" "The most basic networking setup uses DHCP to connect the virtual machine to " "the same local area network as the 中描述。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:42339 +#: book.translate.xml:42398 msgid "" "FreeBSD as a Guest on VMware Fusion for " "Mac OS" @@ -62948,7 +62993,7 @@ "Fusion 安裝 FreeBSD 為客端" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42342 +#: book.translate.xml:42401 msgid "" "VMware Fusion for Mac is a commercial software product available for 後，使用者必先完成虛擬機器的設定後才可安裝想使用的客端作業系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42351 +#: book.translate.xml:42410 msgid "Installing FreeBSD on VMware Fusion" msgstr "在 VMware Fusion 安裝 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42354 +#: book.translate.xml:42413 msgid "" "The first step is to start VMware Fusion which " "will load the Virtual Machine Library. Click New " @@ -62988,13 +63033,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42361 +#: book.translate.xml:42420 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd01' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42365 +#: book.translate.xml:42424 msgid "" "This will load the New Virtual Machine Assistant. Click " "Continue to proceed:" @@ -63007,13 +63052,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42370 +#: book.translate.xml:42429 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd02' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42374 +#: book.translate.xml:42433 msgid "" "Select Other as the Operating " "System and either FreeBSD or " @@ -63030,13 +63075,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42382 +#: book.translate.xml:42441 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd03' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42386 +#: book.translate.xml:42445 msgid "" "Choose the name of the virtual machine and the directory where it should be " "saved:" @@ -63047,13 +63092,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42391 +#: book.translate.xml:42450 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd04' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42395 +#: book.translate.xml:42454 msgid "Choose the size of the Virtual Hard Disk for the virtual machine:" msgstr "選擇虛擬機器的 Virtual Hard Disk 大小：" @@ -63062,13 +63107,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42400 +#: book.translate.xml:42459 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd05' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42404 +#: book.translate.xml:42463 msgid "" "Choose the method to install the virtual machine, either from an " "ISO image or from a CD/DVDFinish and the virtual machine will boot:" msgstr "點選 Finish 接著虛擬機器會開機：" @@ -63098,13 +63143,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42419 +#: book.translate.xml:42478 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd07' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42423 +#: book.translate.xml:42482 msgid "Install FreeBSD as usual:" msgstr "照往常方式安裝 FreeBSD：" @@ -63113,20 +63158,20 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42427 +#: book.translate.xml:42486 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd08' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42431 +#: book.translate.xml:42490 msgid "" "Once the install is complete, the settings of the virtual machine can be " "modified, such as memory usage:" msgstr "安裝完成後，可以修改虛擬機器的設定，例如記憶體使用量：" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:42435 +#: book.translate.xml:42494 msgid "" "The System Hardware settings of the virtual machine cannot be modified while " "the virtual machine is running." @@ -63137,13 +63182,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42442 +#: book.translate.xml:42501 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd09' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42446 +#: book.translate.xml:42505 msgid "The number of CPUs the virtual machine will have access to:" msgstr "虛擬機器要使用的 CPU 數量：" @@ -63152,13 +63197,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42451 +#: book.translate.xml:42510 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd10' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42455 +#: book.translate.xml:42514 msgid "" "The status of the CD-ROM device. Normally the " "CD/DVD/ISO is " @@ -63173,13 +63218,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42463 +#: book.translate.xml:42522 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd11' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42467 +#: book.translate.xml:42526 msgid "" "The last thing to change is how the virtual machine will connect to the " "network. To allow connections to the virtual machine from other machines " @@ -63200,25 +63245,25 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:42479 +#: book.translate.xml:42538 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='virtualization/vmware-freebsd12' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42483 +#: book.translate.xml:42542 msgid "" "After modifying the settings, boot the newly installed FreeBSD virtual " "machine." msgstr "在修改設定之後，開機進入新安裝的 FreeBSD 虛擬機器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42488 +#: book.translate.xml:42547 msgid "Configuring FreeBSD on VMware Fusion" msgstr "在 VMware Fusion 設定 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42491 +#: book.translate.xml:42550 msgid "" "After FreeBSD has been successfully installed on Mac OS X with VMware Fusionkern.hz tunable to " "reduce the CPU utilization of FreeBSD under the VMware Fusion/boot/loader.conf 來完成：" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42509 +#: book.translate.xml:42568 msgid "" "Without this setting, an idle FreeBSD VMware Fusion guest will use roughly 15% of the CPU of a single processor " @@ -63254,7 +63299,7 @@ "近 15% 的 CPU。完成此更改後使用率會減至接近 5%。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42518 +#: book.translate.xml:42577 msgid "" "All of the FireWire, and USB device drivers can be removed from a custom " "kernel configuration file. VMware Fusion provides " @@ -63272,7 +63317,7 @@ "核心中移除。" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:42529 +#: book.translate.xml:42588 msgid "" "The most basic networking setup uses DHCP to connect the virtual machine to " "the same local area network as the host MacVirtualBox" msgstr "在 VirtualBox 使用 FreeBSD 作為客端" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42544 +#: book.translate.xml:42603 msgid "" "FreeBSD works well as a guest in VirtualBox. The virtualization software is available for most " @@ -63303,7 +63348,7 @@ "當然也包含 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42549 +#: book.translate.xml:42608 msgid "" "The VirtualBox guest " "additions provide support for:" @@ -63312,37 +63357,37 @@ "支援以下功能：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42554 +#: book.translate.xml:42613 msgid "Clipboard sharing." msgstr "剪貼簿共享。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42558 +#: book.translate.xml:42617 msgid "Mouse pointer integration." msgstr "滑鼠指標整合。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42562 +#: book.translate.xml:42621 msgid "Host time synchronization." msgstr "主機時間同步。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42566 +#: book.translate.xml:42625 msgid "Window scaling." msgstr "視窗縮放。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:42570 +#: book.translate.xml:42629 msgid "Seamless mode." msgstr "無痕模式。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:42575 +#: book.translate.xml:42634 msgid "These commands are run in the FreeBSD guest." msgstr "以下指令均是在 FreeBSD 客端中執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42578 +#: book.translate.xml:42637 msgid "" "First, install the emulators/virtualbox-ose-additions " "package or port in the FreeBSD guest. This will install the port:" @@ -63351,18 +63396,18 @@ "package> 套件或 Port，以下指令會安裝 Port：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42582 +#: book.translate.xml:42641 #, no-wrap msgid "# cd /usr/ports/emulators/virtualbox-ose-additions && make install clean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42584 +#: book.translate.xml:42643 msgid "Add these lines to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "加入下行到 /etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42586 +#: book.translate.xml:42645 #, no-wrap msgid "" "vboxguest_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -63370,7 +63415,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42589 +#: book.translate.xml:42648 msgid "" "If ntpd8 or ntpdateXorg will automatically recognize the " "vboxvideo driver. It can also be manually entered in " @@ -63399,7 +63444,7 @@ "程式，也可手動在 /etc/X11/xorg.conf 中輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42599 +#: book.translate.xml:42658 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"Device\"\n" @@ -63411,7 +63456,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42606 +#: book.translate.xml:42665 msgid "" "To use the vboxmouse driver, adjust the mouse section in " "/etc/X11/xorg.conf:" @@ -63420,7 +63465,7 @@ "xorg.conf 中與滑鼠相關的一節：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42609 +#: book.translate.xml:42668 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Section \"InputDevice\"\n" @@ -63430,7 +63475,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42614 +#: book.translate.xml:42673 msgid "" "HAL users should create the following /usr/" "local/etc/hal/fdi/policy/90-vboxguest.fdi or copy it from " @@ -63442,7 +63487,7 @@ "fdi/policy/10osvendor/90-vboxguest.fdi：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42619 +#: book.translate.xml:42678 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n" @@ -63480,12 +63525,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:42654 +#: book.translate.xml:42713 msgid "FreeBSD as a Host with VirtualBox" msgstr "以 FreeBSD 作為主端安裝 VirtualBox " #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42657 +#: book.translate.xml:42716 msgid "" "VirtualBox is an actively " "developed, complete virtualization package, that is available for most " @@ -63513,12 +63558,12 @@ "Downloads 頁面。目前，這些擴充套件並不支援 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42670 +#: book.translate.xml:42729 msgid "Installing VirtualBox" msgstr "安裝 VirtualBox" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42672 +#: book.translate.xml:42731 msgid "" "VirtualBox is available as " "a FreeBSD package or port in emulators/virtualbox-ose. " @@ -63529,7 +63574,7 @@ "得。要安裝 Port 可使用以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42677 +#: book.translate.xml:42736 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/emulators/virtualbox-ose\n" @@ -63537,7 +63582,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42680 +#: book.translate.xml:42739 msgid "" "One useful option in the port's configuration menu is the " "GuestAdditions suite of programs. These provide a number " @@ -63555,7 +63600,7 @@ "additions 可在客端系統安裝完之後的 Devices 選單找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42690 +#: book.translate.xml:42749 msgid "" "A few configuration changes are needed before " "VirtualBox is started for " @@ -63567,13 +63612,13 @@ "modules，該模組必須在核心中載入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42696 +#: book.translate.xml:42755 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload vboxdrv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42698 +#: book.translate.xml:42757 msgid "" "To ensure the module is always loaded after a reboot, add this line to " "/boot/loader.conf:" @@ -63582,13 +63627,13 @@ "filename>：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42702 +#: book.translate.xml:42761 #, no-wrap msgid "vboxdrv_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42704 +#: book.translate.xml:42763 msgid "" "To use the kernel modules that allow bridged or host-only networking, add " "this line to /etc/rc.conf and reboot the computer:" @@ -63597,13 +63642,13 @@ "rc.conf，然後重新啟動電腦：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42709 +#: book.translate.xml:42768 #, no-wrap msgid "vboxnet_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42711 +#: book.translate.xml:42770 msgid "" "The vboxusers group is created " "during installation of VirtualBoxpw 可用來加入新的成員：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42718 +#: book.translate.xml:42777 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw groupmod vboxusers -m yourusername" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42720 +#: book.translate.xml:42779 msgid "" "The default permissions for /dev/vboxnetctl are " "restrictive and need to be changed for bridged networking:" @@ -63633,7 +63678,7 @@ "接網路：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42724 +#: book.translate.xml:42783 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chown root:vboxusers /dev/vboxnetctl\n" @@ -63641,7 +63686,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42727 +#: book.translate.xml:42786 msgid "" "To make this permissions change permanent, add these lines to /etc/" "devfs.conf:" @@ -63649,7 +63694,7 @@ "要永久變更權限，可加入下列幾行到 /etc/devfs.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42730 +#: book.translate.xml:42789 #, no-wrap msgid "" "own vboxnetctl root:vboxusers\n" @@ -63657,7 +63702,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42733 +#: book.translate.xml:42792 msgid "" "To launch VirtualBox, type " "from a Xorg session:" @@ -63666,13 +63711,13 @@ "Xorg 工作階段輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42736 +#: book.translate.xml:42795 #, no-wrap msgid "% VirtualBox" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42738 +#: book.translate.xml:42797 msgid "" "For more information on configuring and using " "VirtualBox, refer to the " @@ -63688,24 +63733,48 @@ "link>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42747 +#: book.translate.xml:42806 msgid "VirtualBox USB Support" msgstr "VirtualBox USB 支援" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42749 +#: book.translate.xml:42808 msgid "" -"The VirtualBox extension " -"pack is not available for FreeBSD hosts. Without the extension pack, the " -"FreeBSD host cannot pass USB ports through to guest " -"operating systems." +"VirtualBox can be " +"configured to pass USB devices through to the guest " +"operating system. The host controller of the OSE version is limited to " +"emulating USB 1.1 devices until the extension pack " +"supporting USB 2.0 and 3.0 devices becomes available on " +"FreeBSD." msgstr "" -"VirtualBox 擴充包目前不支" -"援 FreeBSD 主端系統，沒有這個擴充包，FreeBSD 主端系統無法傳遞 USB 埠給客端作業系統。" +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:42815 +msgid "" +"For VirtualBox to be aware " +"of USB devices attached to the machine, the user needs to " +"be a member of the operator " +"group." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:42819 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# pw groupmod operator -m yourusername" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:42821 +msgid "" +"Restart the login session and VirtualBox for these changes to take effect, and create " +"USB filters as necessary." +msgstr "" +"重新啟動登作階段與 VirtualBox 來讓這些變更生效，且建立必要的 USB 的過濾器。" + #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42756 +#: book.translate.xml:42828 msgid "" "VirtualBox Host DVD/CD Access" @@ -63714,7 +63783,7 @@ "acronym> 存取" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42759 +#: book.translate.xml:42831 msgid "" "Access to the host DVD/CD drives from " "guests is achieved through the sharing of the physical drives. Within " @@ -63737,7 +63806,7 @@ "acronym> 或燒錄機只會在有勾選此選項時能夠運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42773 +#: book.translate.xml:42845 msgid "" "HAL needs to run for VirtualBox DVD/CD " @@ -63750,19 +63819,19 @@ "它：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42779 +#: book.translate.xml:42851 #, no-wrap msgid "hald_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42781 +#: book.translate.xml:42853 #, no-wrap msgid "# service hald start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42783 +#: book.translate.xml:42855 msgid "" "In order for users to be able to use VirtualBox DVD/CD " @@ -63782,7 +63851,7 @@ "行到 /etc/devfs.conf 來修正：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42794 +#: book.translate.xml:42866 #, no-wrap msgid "" "perm cd* 0660\n" @@ -63791,18 +63860,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42798 +#: book.translate.xml:42870 #, no-wrap msgid "# service devfs restart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:42803 +#: book.translate.xml:42875 msgid "FreeBSD as a Host with bhyve" msgstr "以 FreeBSD 作為主端安裝 bhyve " #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42806 +#: book.translate.xml:42878 msgid "" "The bhyve BSD-licensed " "hypervisor became part of the base system with FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE. This " @@ -63815,7 +63884,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:42817 +#: book.translate.xml:42889 msgid "" "The bhyve design requires a processor that " "supports Intel Extended Page " @@ -63844,12 +63913,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42842 +#: book.translate.xml:42914 msgid "Preparing the Host" msgstr "準備主端" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42844 +#: book.translate.xml:42916 msgid "" "The first step to creating a virtual machine in bhyve is configuring the host system. First, load the " @@ -63857,13 +63926,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42849 +#: book.translate.xml:42921 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload vmm" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42851 +#: book.translate.xml:42923 msgid "" "Then, create a tap interface for the network device in " "the virtual machine to attach to. In order for the network device to " @@ -63873,7 +63942,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42859 +#: book.translate.xml:42931 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig tap0 create\n" @@ -63885,30 +63954,30 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42868 +#: book.translate.xml:42940 msgid "Creating a FreeBSD Guest" msgstr "建立 FreeBSD 客端" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42870 +#: book.translate.xml:42942 msgid "" "Create a file to use as the virtual disk for the guest machine. Specify the " "size and name of the virtual disk:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42874 +#: book.translate.xml:42946 #, no-wrap msgid "# truncate -s 16G guest.img" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42876 +#: book.translate.xml:42948 msgid "Download an installation image of FreeBSD to install:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42878 +#: book.translate.xml:42950 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# fetch ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso\n" @@ -63916,7 +63985,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42881 +#: book.translate.xml:42953 msgid "" "FreeBSD comes with an example script for running a virtual machine in " "bhyve. The script will start the virtual machine " @@ -63934,13 +64003,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42898 +#: book.translate.xml:42970 #, no-wrap -msgid "# sh /usr/share/examples/bhyve/vmrun.sh -c 4 -m 1024M -t tap0 -d guest.img -i -I FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso guestname" +msgid "# sh /usr/share/examples/bhyve/vmrun.sh -c 1 -m 1024M -t tap0 -d guest.img -i -I FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso guestname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42900 +#: book.translate.xml:42972 msgid "" "The virtual machine will boot and start the installer. After installing a " "system in the virtual machine, when the system asks about dropping in to a " @@ -63951,20 +64020,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42908 +#: book.translate.xml:42980 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyu0 \"/usr/libexec/getty 3wire\" xterm on secure" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:42910 +#: book.translate.xml:42982 msgid "" "Beginning with FreeBSD 9.3-RELEASE and 10.1-RELEASE the console is " "configured automatically." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42914 +#: book.translate.xml:42986 msgid "" "Reboot the virtual machine. While rebooting the virtual machine causes " "bhyve to exit, the vmrun.sh " @@ -63975,36 +64044,36 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42922 +#: book.translate.xml:42994 #, no-wrap msgid "# sh /usr/share/examples/bhyve/vmrun.sh -c 4 -m 1024M -t tap0 -d guest.img guestname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:42926 +#: book.translate.xml:42998 msgid "Creating a Linux Guest" msgstr "建立 Linux 客端" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42928 +#: book.translate.xml:43000 msgid "" "In order to boot operating systems other than FreeBSD, the sysutils/" "grub2-bhyve port must be first installed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42932 +#: book.translate.xml:43004 msgid "Next, create a file to use as the virtual disk for the guest machine:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42935 +#: book.translate.xml:43007 #, no-wrap msgid "# truncate -s 16G linux.img" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42937 +#: book.translate.xml:43009 msgid "" "Starting a virtual machine with bhyve is a two " "step process. First a kernel must be loaded, then the guest can be started. " @@ -64015,7 +64084,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:42946 +#: book.translate.xml:43018 #, no-wrap msgid "" "(hd0) ./linux.img\n" @@ -64023,7 +64092,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42949 +#: book.translate.xml:43021 msgid "" "Use sysutils/grub2-bhyve to load the Linux kernel from the ISO " @@ -64031,13 +64100,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42952 +#: book.translate.xml:43024 #, no-wrap msgid "# grub-bhyve -m device.map -r cd0 -M 1024M linuxguest" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42954 +#: book.translate.xml:43026 msgid "" "This will start grub. If the installation CD contains a " "grub.cfg, a menu will be displayed. If not, the " @@ -64046,7 +64115,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42961 +#: book.translate.xml:43033 #, no-wrap msgid "" "grub> ls\n" @@ -64060,14 +64129,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42970 +#: book.translate.xml:43042 msgid "" "Now that the Linux kernel is " "loaded, the guest can be started:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42973 +#: book.translate.xml:43045 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 -s 3:0,virtio-blk,./linux.img \\\n" @@ -64075,7 +64144,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42976 +#: book.translate.xml:43048 msgid "" "The system will boot and start the installer. After installing a system in " "the virtual machine, reboot the virtual machine. This will cause " @@ -64084,19 +64153,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42982 book.translate.xml:43010 +#: book.translate.xml:43054 book.translate.xml:43082 #, no-wrap msgid "# bhyvectl --destroy --vm=linuxguest" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42984 +#: book.translate.xml:43056 msgid "" "Now the guest can be started directly from the virtual disk. Load the kernel:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:42987 +#: book.translate.xml:43059 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# grub-bhyve -m device.map -r hd0,msdos1 -M 1024M linuxguest\n" @@ -64113,12 +64182,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:42999 +#: book.translate.xml:43071 msgid "Boot the virtual machine:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43001 +#: book.translate.xml:43073 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 \\\n" @@ -64126,7 +64195,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43004 +#: book.translate.xml:43076 msgid "" "Linux will now boot in the " "virtual machine and eventually present you with the login prompt. Login and " @@ -64136,7 +64205,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43014 +#: book.translate.xml:43086 msgid "" "Booting bhyve Virtual Machines with " "UEFI Firmware" @@ -64145,7 +64214,7 @@ "器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43017 +#: book.translate.xml:43089 msgid "" "In addition to bhyveload and grub-" "bhyve, the bhyve hypervisor can " @@ -64155,7 +64224,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43024 +#: book.translate.xml:43096 msgid "" "In order to make use of the UEFI support in " "bhyve, first obtain the UEFI " @@ -64164,7 +64233,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43030 +#: book.translate.xml:43102 msgid "" "With the firmware in place, add the flags to your bhyve# bhyve -AHP -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc \\\n" @@ -64184,7 +64253,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43042 +#: book.translate.xml:43114 msgid "" "sysutils/bhyve-firmware also contains a CSM-enabled firmware, to boot guests with no UEFI " @@ -64192,7 +64261,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43047 +#: book.translate.xml:43119 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# bhyve -AHP -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc \\\n" @@ -64203,7 +64272,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43055 +#: book.translate.xml:43127 msgid "" "Graphical UEFI Framebuffer for bhyve Guests" @@ -64212,7 +64281,7 @@ "Framebuffer " #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43058 +#: book.translate.xml:43130 msgid "" "The UEFI firmware support is particularly useful with " "predominantly graphical guest operating systems such as Microsoft -s " "29,fbuf,tcp=0.0.0.0:5900 flags. The " @@ -64233,13 +64302,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43073 +#: book.translate.xml:43145 msgid "" "The resulting bhyve command would look like this:" msgstr "bhyve 指令的結果會如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43076 +#: book.translate.xml:43148 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# bhyve -AHP -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 31:0,lpc \\\n" @@ -64251,20 +64320,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43083 +#: book.translate.xml:43155 msgid "" "Note, in BIOS emulation mode, the framebuffer will cease receiving updates " "once control is passed from firmware to guest operating system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43089 +#: book.translate.xml:43161 msgid "" "Using ZFS with bhyve Guests" msgstr "在 bhyve 客端使用 ZFS" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43092 +#: book.translate.xml:43164 msgid "" "If ZFS is available on the host machine, using " "ZFS volumes instead of disk image files can provide " @@ -64273,20 +64342,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43098 +#: book.translate.xml:43170 #, no-wrap msgid "# zfs create -V16G -o volmode=dev zroot/linuxdisk0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43100 +#: book.translate.xml:43172 msgid "" "When starting the VM, specify the ZFS " "volume as the disk drive:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43103 +#: book.translate.xml:43175 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# bhyve -A -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 1:0,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 -s3:0,virtio-blk,/dev/zvol/zroot/linuxdisk0 \\\n" @@ -64294,12 +64363,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43108 +#: book.translate.xml:43180 msgid "Virtual Machine Consoles" msgstr "虛擬機器 Console" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43110 +#: book.translate.xml:43182 msgid "" "It is advantageous to wrap the bhyve console in a " "session management tool such as sysutils/tmux or " @@ -64316,7 +64385,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43127 +#: book.translate.xml:43199 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kldload nmdm\n" @@ -64331,12 +64400,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43139 +#: book.translate.xml:43211 msgid "Managing Virtual Machines" msgstr "管理虛擬機器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43141 +#: book.translate.xml:43213 msgid "" "A device node is created in /dev/vmm " "for each virtual machine. This allows the administrator to easily see a list " @@ -64344,7 +64413,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43145 +#: book.translate.xml:43217 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ls -al /dev/vmm\n" @@ -64357,25 +64426,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43153 +#: book.translate.xml:43225 msgid "" "A specified virtual machine can be destroyed using bhyvectl:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43156 +#: book.translate.xml:43228 #, no-wrap -msgid "# bhyvectl --destroy --vm=guestname" +msgid "# bhyvectl --destroy --vm=guestname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43160 +#: book.translate.xml:43232 msgid "Persistent Configuration" msgstr "Persistent 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43162 +#: book.translate.xml:43234 msgid "" "In order to configure the system to start bhyve " "guests at boot time, the following configurations must be made in the " @@ -64383,23 +64452,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:43169 +#: book.translate.xml:43241 msgid "/etc/sysctl.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43171 +#: book.translate.xml:43243 #, no-wrap msgid "net.link.tap.up_on_open=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:43175 +#: book.translate.xml:43247 msgid "/boot/loader.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43177 +#: book.translate.xml:43249 #, no-wrap msgid "" "vmm_load=\"YES\"\n" @@ -64409,41 +64478,522 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:43184 +#: book.translate.xml:43256 msgid "/etc/rc.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43186 +#: book.translate.xml:43258 #, no-wrap msgid "" "cloned_interfaces=\"bridge0 tap0\"\n" "ifconfig_bridge0=\"addm igb0 addm tap0\"" msgstr "" +#. (itstool) path: sect1/title +#: book.translate.xml:43266 +msgid "FreeBSD as a Xen-Host" +msgstr "以 FreeBSD 作為主端安裝 Xen" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: book.translate.xml:43268 +msgid "" +"Xen is a GPLv2-licensed type 1 " +"hypervisor for Intel and " +"ARM architectures. FreeBSD has " +"included i386 and AMD 64-Bit DomU and Amazon EC2 unprivileged domain " +"(virtual machine) support since FreeBSD 8.0 and includes Dom0 control domain " +"(host) support in FreeBSD 11.0. Support for para-virtualized (PV) domains " +"has been removed from FreeBSD 11 in favor of hardware virtualized (HVM) " +"domains, which provides better performance." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: book.translate.xml:43278 +msgid "" +"Xen is a bare-metal hypervisor, which means that it " +"is the first program loaded after the BIOS. A special privileged guest " +"called the Domain-0 (Dom0 for short) is then started. The " +"Dom0 uses its special privileges to directly access the underlying physical " +"hardware, making it a high-performance solution. It is able to access the " +"disk controllers and network adapters directly. The Xen management tools to manage and control the Xen hypervisor are also used by the Dom0 to create, list, and destroy " +"VMs. Dom0 provides virtual disks and networking for unprivileged domains, " +"often called DomU. Xen Dom0 can be " +"compared to the service console of other hypervisor solutions, while the " +"DomU is where individual guest VMs are run." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect1/para +#: book.translate.xml:43304 +msgid "" +"Xen can migrate VMs between different Xen servers. When the two xen hosts share the same underlying " +"storage, the migration can be done without having to shut the VM down first. " +"Instead, the migration is performed live while the DomU is running and there " +"is no need to restart it or plan a downtime. This is useful in maintenance " +"scenarios or upgrade windows to ensure that the services provided by the " +"DomU are still provided. Many more features of Xen " +"are listed on the Xen Wiki Overview page. Note that not all " +"features are supported on FreeBSD yet." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/title +#: book.translate.xml:43316 +msgid "Hardware Requirements for Xen Dom0" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43318 +msgid "" +"To run the Xen hypervisor on a host, certain hardware " +"functionality is required. Hardware virtualized domains require Extended " +"Page Table (EPT) and Input/Output Memory Management Unit " +"(IOMMU) support in the host processor." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/title +#: book.translate.xml:43326 +msgid "Xen Dom0 Control Domain Setup" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43328 +msgid "" +"The emulators/xen package works with FreeBSD 11 amd64 " +"binary snapshots and equivalent systems built from source. This example " +"assumes VNC output for unprivileged domains which is accessed from a another " +"system using a tool such as net/tightvnc." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43334 +msgid "Install emulators/xen:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43336 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# pkg install xen" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43338 +msgid "" +"Configuration files must be edited to prepare the host for the Dom0 " +"integration. An entry to /etc/sysctl.conf disables the " +"limit on how many pages of memory are allowed to be wired. Otherwise, DomU " +"VMs with higher memory requirements will not run." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43344 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# sysrc -f /etc/sysctl.conf vm.max_wired=-1" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43346 +msgid "" +"Another memory-related setting involves changing /etc/login.conf, setting the memorylocked option to " +"unlimited. Otherwise, creating DomU domains may fail with " +"Cannot allocate memory errors. After making the " +"change to /etc/login.conf, run cap_mkdb to update the capability database. See for details." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43357 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# sed -i '' -e 's/memorylocked=64K/memorylocked=unlimited/' /etc/login.conf\n" +"# cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43360 +msgid "" +"Add an entry for the Xen console to /etc/" +"ttys:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43363 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# echo 'xc0 \"/usr/libexec/getty Pc\" xterm on secure' >> /etc/ttys" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43365 +msgid "" +"Selecting a Xen kernel in /boot/loader." +"conf activates the Dom0. Xen also requires " +"resources like CPU and memory from the host machine for itself and other " +"DomU domains. How much CPU and memory depends on the individual requirements " +"and hardware capabilities. In this example, 8 GB of memory and 4 virtual " +"CPUs are made available for the Dom0. The serial console is also activated " +"and logging options are defined." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43375 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf hw.pci.mcfg=0\n" +"# sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf xen_kernel=\"/boot/xen\"\n" +"# sysrc -f /boot/loader.conf xen_cmdline=\"dom0_mem=8192M dom0_max_vcpus=4 dom0pvh=1 console=com1,vga com1=115200,8n1 guest_loglvl=all loglvl=all\"" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43379 +msgid "" +"Log files that Xen creates for the Dom0 and DomU VMs " +"are stored in /var/log/xen. This directory does not " +"exist by default and must be created." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43384 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# mkdir -p /var/log/xen\n" +"# chmod 644 /var/log/xen" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43387 +msgid "" +"Xen provides a boot menu to activate and de-activate " +"the hypervisor on demand in /boot/menu.rc.local:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43391 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# echo \"try-include /boot/xen.4th\" >> /boot/menu.rc.local" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43393 +msgid "Activate the xencommons service during system startup:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43396 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# sysrc xencommons_enable=yes" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43398 +msgid "" +"These settings are enough to start a Dom0-enabled system. However, it lacks " +"network functionality for the DomU machines. To fix that, define a bridged " +"interface with the main NIC of the system which the DomU VMs can use to " +"connect to the network. Replace igb0 with the " +"host network interface name." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43406 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# sysrc autobridge_interfaces=bridge0\n" +"# sysrc autobridge_bridge0=igb0\n" +"# sysrc ifconfig_bridge0=SYNCDHCP" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43410 +msgid "" +"Restart the host to load the Xen kernel and start the " +"Dom0." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43413 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# reboot" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43415 +msgid "" +"After successfully booting the Xen kernel and logging " +"into the system again, the Xen management tool " +"xl is used to show information about the domains." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43420 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# xl list\n" +"Name ID Mem VCPUs State Time(s)\n" +"Domain-0 0 8192 4 r----- 962.0" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43424 +msgid "" +"The output confirms that the Dom0 (called Domain-0) has " +"the ID 0 and is running. It also has the memory and " +"virtual CPUs that were defined in /boot/loader.conf " +"earlier. More information can be found in the Xen " +"Documentation. DomU guest VMs can now be created." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/title +#: book.translate.xml:43434 +msgid "Xen DomU Guest VM Configuration" +msgstr "Xen DomU 客端 VM 設置" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43436 +msgid "" +"Unprivileged domains consist of a configuration file and virtual or physical " +"hard disks. Virtual disk storage for the DomU can be files created by " +"truncate1 or ZFS volumes as described in . In this example, a 20 GB volume is used. A VM is created " +"with the ZFS volume, a FreeBSD ISO image, 1 GB of RAM and two virtual CPUs. " +"The ISO installation file is retrieved with " +"fetch1 and saved locally in a file called freebsd.iso." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43446 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# fetch ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso -o freebsd.iso" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43448 +msgid "" +"A ZFS volume of 20 GB called xendisk0 is created to " +"serve as the disk space for the VM." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43452 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# zfs create -V20G -o volmode=dev zroot/xendisk0" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43454 +msgid "" +"The new DomU guest VM is defined in a file. Some specific definitions like " +"name, keymap, and VNC connection details are also defined. The following " +"freebsd.cfg contains a minimum DomU configuration for " +"this example:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43459 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# cat freebsd.cfg\n" +"builder = \"hvm\" \n" +"name = \"freebsd\" \n" +"memory = 1024 \n" +"vcpus = 2 \n" +"vif = [ 'mac=00:16:3E:74:34:32,bridge=bridge0' ] \n" +"disk = [\n" +"'/dev/zvol/tank/xendisk0,raw,hda,rw', \n" +"'/root/freebsd.iso,raw,hdc:cdrom,r' \n" +" ]\n" +"vnc = 1 \n" +"vnclisten = \"0.0.0.0\"\n" +"serial = \"pty\"\n" +"usbdevice = \"tablet\"" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43474 +msgid "These lines are explained in more detail:" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: callout/para +#: book.translate.xml:43478 +msgid "" +"This defines what kind of virtualization to use. hvm " +"refers to hardware-assisted virtualization or hardware virtual machine. " +"Guest operating systems can run unmodified on CPUs with virtualization " +"extensions, providing nearly the same performance as running on physical " +"hardware. generic is the default value and creates a PV " +"domain." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: callout/para +#: book.translate.xml:43489 +msgid "" +"Name of this virtual machine to distinguish it from others running on the " +"same Dom0. Required." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: callout/para +#: book.translate.xml:43494 +msgid "" +"Quantity of RAM in megabytes to make available to the VM. This amount is " +"subtracted from the hypervisor's total available memory, not the memory of " +"the Dom0." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: callout/para +#: book.translate.xml:43500 +msgid "" +"Number of virtual CPUs available to the guest VM. For best performance, do " +"not create guests with more virtual CPUs than the number of physical CPUs on " +"the host." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: callout/para +#: book.translate.xml:43506 +msgid "" +"Virtual network adapter. This is the bridge connected to the network " +"interface of the host. The mac parameter is the MAC " +"address set on the virtual network interface. This parameter is optional, if " +"no MAC is provided Xen will generate a random one." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: callout/para +#: book.translate.xml:43515 +msgid "" +"Full path to the disk, file, or ZFS volume of the disk storage for this VM. " +"Options and multiple disk definitions are separated by commas." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: callout/para +#: book.translate.xml:43521 +msgid "" +"Defines the Boot medium from which the initial operating system is " +"installed. In this example, it is the ISO imaged downloaded earlier. Consult " +"the Xen documentation for other kinds of devices and " +"options to set." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: callout/para +#: book.translate.xml:43529 +msgid "" +"Options controlling VNC connectivity to the serial console of the DomU. In " +"order, these are: active VNC support, define IP address on which to listen, " +"device node for the serial console, and the input method for precise " +"positioning of the mouse and other input methods. keymap " +"defines which keymap to use, and is english by default." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43539 +msgid "" +"After the file has been created with all the necessary options, the DomU is " +"created by passing it to xl create as a parameter." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43543 +#, no-wrap +msgid "# xl create freebsd.cfg" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: note/para +#: book.translate.xml:43546 +msgid "" +"Each time the Dom0 is restarted, the configuration file must be passed to " +"xl create again to re-create the DomU. By default, only " +"the Dom0 is created after a reboot, not the individual VMs. The VMs can " +"continue where they left off as they stored the operating system on the " +"virtual disk. The virtual machine configuration can change over time (for " +"example, when adding more memory). The virtual machine configuration files " +"must be properly backed up and kept available to be able to re-create the " +"guest VM when needed." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43558 +msgid "" +"The output of xl list confirms that the DomU has been " +"created." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43561 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# xl list\n" +"Name ID Mem VCPUs State Time(s)\n" +"Domain-0 0 8192 4 r----- 1653.4\n" +"freebsd 1 1024 1 -b---- 663.9" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43566 +msgid "" +"To begin the installation of the base operating system, start the VNC " +"client, directing it to the main network address of the host or to the IP " +"address defined on the vnclisten line of " +"freebsd.cfg. After the operating system has been " +"installed, shut down the DomU and disconnect the VNC viewer. Edit " +"freebsd.cfg, removing the line with the cdrom definition or commenting it out by inserting a # " +"character at the beginning of the line. To load this new configuration, it " +"is necessary to remove the old DomU with xl destroy, " +"passing either the name or the id as the parameter. Afterwards, recreate it " +"using the modified freebsd.cfg." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen +#: book.translate.xml:43581 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +"# xl destroy freebsd\n" +"# xl create freebsd.cfg" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: sect2/para +#: book.translate.xml:43584 +msgid "" +"The machine can then be accessed again using the VNC viewer. This time, it " +"will boot from the virtual disk where the operating system has been " +"installed and can be used as a virtual machine." +msgstr "" + #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:43214 +#: book.translate.xml:43600 msgid "" "Localization - i18n/L10n Usage and " "Setup" msgstr "在地化 - i18n/L10n 使用與安裝" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:43219 +#: book.translate.xml:43605 msgid "" "AndreyChernovContributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:43223 +#: book.translate.xml:43609 msgid "" "Michael C.WuRewritten by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43233 +#: book.translate.xml:43619 msgid "" "FreeBSD is a distributed project with users and contributors located all " "over the world. As such, FreeBSD supports localization into many languages, " @@ -64456,17 +65006,17 @@ "含但不限於以下語言：中文、德文、日文、韓文、法文、俄文及越南文。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43241 +#: book.translate.xml:43627 msgid "internationalization localization" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43245 +#: book.translate.xml:43631 msgid "localization" msgstr "在地化" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43247 +#: book.translate.xml:43633 msgid "" "The term internationalization has been shortened to i18n, " "which represents the number of letters between the first and the last " @@ -64482,63 +65032,63 @@ "方法、協定及應用程式讓使用者可以自己選擇使用的語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43257 +#: book.translate.xml:43643 msgid "" "This chapter discusses the internationalization and localization features of " "FreeBSD. After reading this chapter, you will know:" msgstr "本章會討論 FreeBSD 的國際化及在地化功能。在閱讀本章之後，您會了解：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43263 +#: book.translate.xml:43649 msgid "How locale names are constructed." msgstr "語系名稱如何組成。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43267 +#: book.translate.xml:43653 msgid "How to set the locale for a login shell." msgstr "如何設定登入 Shell 的語系。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43271 +#: book.translate.xml:43657 msgid "How to configure the console for non-English languages." msgstr "如何設定 Console 給非英文語言的使用者。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43276 +#: book.translate.xml:43662 msgid "" "How to configure Xorg for different languages." msgstr "如果設定 Xorg 使用不同語言。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43281 +#: book.translate.xml:43667 msgid "How to find i18n-compliant applications." msgstr "如何找到支援 i18n 的應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43286 +#: book.translate.xml:43672 msgid "Where to find more information for configuring specific languages." msgstr "那裡可以找到更多設定特定語言的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43294 +#: book.translate.xml:43680 msgid "" "Know how to install additional third-party " "applications." msgstr "了解如何 安裝其他第三方應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:43301 +#: book.translate.xml:43687 msgid "Using Localization" msgstr "使用語系" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43303 book.translate.xml:43420 +#: book.translate.xml:43689 book.translate.xml:43806 msgid "locale" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43305 +#: book.translate.xml:43691 msgid "" "Localization settings are based on three components: the language code, " "country code, and encoding. Locale names are constructed from these parts as " @@ -64548,23 +65098,23 @@ "下：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43309 +#: book.translate.xml:43695 #, no-wrap msgid "LanguageCode_CountryCode.Encoding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43311 +#: book.translate.xml:43697 msgid "language codes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43312 +#: book.translate.xml:43698 msgid "country codes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43314 +#: book.translate.xml:43700 msgid "" "The LanguageCode and CountryCode are used to determine the country and the specific language " @@ -64578,79 +65128,79 @@ "replaceable> 的範例：" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:43320 +#: book.translate.xml:43706 msgid "Common Language and Country Codes" msgstr "常用語言及城市代碼" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43325 +#: book.translate.xml:43711 msgid "LanguageCode_Country Code" msgstr "語言代號_城市代號" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43332 +#: book.translate.xml:43718 msgid "en_US" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43333 +#: book.translate.xml:43719 msgid "English, United States" msgstr "英文，美國" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43337 +#: book.translate.xml:43723 msgid "ru_RU" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43338 +#: book.translate.xml:43724 msgid "Russian, Russia" msgstr "俄文，俄國" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43342 +#: book.translate.xml:43728 msgid "zh_TW" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43343 +#: book.translate.xml:43729 msgid "Traditional Chinese, Taiwan" msgstr "繁體中文，台灣" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43349 +#: book.translate.xml:43735 msgid "A complete listing of available locales can be found by typing:" msgstr "完整可用的語系清單可用以下指令查詢：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43352 +#: book.translate.xml:43738 #, no-wrap msgid "% locale -a | more" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43354 +#: book.translate.xml:43740 msgid "To determine the current locale setting:" msgstr "查詢目前使用的語系設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43356 +#: book.translate.xml:43742 #, no-wrap msgid "% locale" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43358 +#: book.translate.xml:43744 msgid "encodings" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43359 +#: book.translate.xml:43745 msgid "ASCII" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43361 +#: book.translate.xml:43747 msgid "" "Language specific character sets, such as ISO8859-1, ISO8859-15, KOI8-R, and " "CP437, are described in multibyteASCII characters and require an extended language " @@ -64683,12 +65233,12 @@ "組字元支援或者使用正確的字元設定來編譯應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:43379 +#: book.translate.xml:43765 msgid "FreeBSD uses Xorg-compatible locale encodings." msgstr "FreeBSD 使用 Xorg 相容的語系編碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43382 +#: book.translate.xml:43768 msgid "" "The rest of this section describes the various methods for configuring the " "locale on a FreeBSD system. The next section will discuss the considerations " @@ -64698,12 +65248,12 @@ "找以及編譯使用 i18n 支援的應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43388 +#: book.translate.xml:43774 msgid "Setting Locale for Login Shell" msgstr "設定登入 Shell 的語系" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43390 +#: book.translate.xml:43776 msgid "" "Locale settings are configured either in a user's ~/.login_conf or in the startup file of the user's shell: ~/.profile~/.cshrc。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43397 +#: book.translate.xml:43783 msgid "Two environment variables should be set:" msgstr "有兩個環境變數需要設定：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43402 +#: book.translate.xml:43788 msgid "LANG, which sets the locale<_:indexterm-1/>" msgstr "LANG 用來設定語系<_:indexterm-1/>" #. (itstool) path: listitem/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43407 +#: book.translate.xml:43793 msgid "MIME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:43409 +#: book.translate.xml:43795 msgid "" "MM_CHARSET, which sets the MIME character " "set used by applications" @@ -64738,7 +65288,7 @@ "元集" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43415 +#: book.translate.xml:43801 msgid "" "In addition to the user's shell configuration, these variables should also " "be set for specific application configuration and Xorglogin class" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43423 +#: book.translate.xml:43809 msgid "" "Two methods are available for making the needed variable assignments: the " "login class method, which is the " @@ -64766,12 +65316,12 @@ "(Startup file) 法。以下兩節將示範如何使用這兩個方法。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:43431 +#: book.translate.xml:43817 msgid "Login Classes Method" msgstr "登入類別 (Login Class) 法" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43433 +#: book.translate.xml:43819 msgid "" "This first method is the recommended method as it assigns the required " "environment variables for locale name and MIME character " @@ -64783,7 +65333,7 @@ "者設定。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43440 +#: book.translate.xml:43826 msgid "" "This minimal example sets both variables for Latin-1 encoding in the " ".login_conf of an individual user's home directory:" @@ -64792,7 +65342,7 @@ "定 Latin-1 編碼使用的兩個環境變數：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43444 +#: book.translate.xml:43830 #, no-wrap msgid "" "me:\\\n" @@ -64801,13 +65351,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43448 +#: book.translate.xml:43834 msgid "" "Traditional Chinese BIG-5 encoding" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43451 +#: book.translate.xml:43837 msgid "" "Here is an example of a user's ~/.login_conf that sets " "the variables for Traditional Chinese in BIG-5 encoding. More variables are " @@ -64819,7 +65369,7 @@ "因此需要額外多做一些設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43458 +#: book.translate.xml:43844 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#Users who do not wish to use monetary units or time formats\n" @@ -64832,7 +65382,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43466 +#: book.translate.xml:43852 msgid "" "Alternately, the superuser can configure all users of the system for " "localization. The following variables in /etc/login.conf 中的變數可用來設定語系及 MIME 字元集：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43471 +#: book.translate.xml:43857 #, no-wrap msgid "" "language_name|Account Type Description:\\\n" @@ -64853,12 +65403,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43476 +#: book.translate.xml:43862 msgid "So, the previous Latin-1 example would look like this:" msgstr "若套用之前的 Latin-1 編碼範例如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43479 +#: book.translate.xml:43865 #, no-wrap msgid "" "german|German Users Accounts:\\\n" @@ -64868,7 +65418,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43484 +#: book.translate.xml:43870 msgid "" "See login.conf5 for more details about these variables." @@ -64877,7 +65427,7 @@ "manvolnum> 以取得更多有關這些變數的詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43487 +#: book.translate.xml:43873 msgid "" "Whenever /etc/login.conf is edited, remember to execute " "the following command to update the capability database:" @@ -64886,17 +65436,17 @@ "新登入類別的能力資料庫(Capability database)：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:43494 +#: book.translate.xml:43880 msgid "Utilities Which Change Login Classes" msgstr "變更登入類別的工具" #. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43496 +#: book.translate.xml:43882 msgid "vipw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43500 +#: book.translate.xml:43886 msgid "" "In addition to manually editing /etc/login.conf, " "several utilities are available for setting the locale for newly created " @@ -64906,7 +65456,7 @@ "新建立的使用者設定語系。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43505 +#: book.translate.xml:43891 msgid "" "When using vipw to add new users, specify the " "language to set the locale:" @@ -64915,13 +65465,13 @@ "replaceable> 來設定語系：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43509 +#: book.translate.xml:43895 #, no-wrap msgid "user:password:1111:11:language:0:0:User Name:/home/user:/bin/sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43516 +#: book.translate.xml:43902 msgid "" "When using adduser to add new users, the default language " "can be pre-configured for all new users or specified for an individual user." @@ -64930,7 +65480,7 @@ "者事先設定預設的語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43520 +#: book.translate.xml:43906 msgid "" "If all new users use the same language, set " "defaultclass=language in " @@ -64941,49 +65491,49 @@ "literal>。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43524 +#: book.translate.xml:43910 msgid "" "To override this setting when creating a user, either input the required " "locale at this prompt:" msgstr "要在建立使用者時覆蓋預設的設定，可在出現此提示時輸入需要的語系：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43527 +#: book.translate.xml:43913 #, no-wrap msgid "Enter login class: default []:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43529 +#: book.translate.xml:43915 msgid "or specify the locale to set when invoking adduser:" msgstr "或執行 adduser 時指定語系：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43532 +#: book.translate.xml:43918 #, no-wrap msgid "# adduser -class language" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:43538 +#: book.translate.xml:43924 msgid "" "If pw is used to add new users, specify the locale as " "follows:" msgstr "若使用 pw 來新增使用者，則可指定語系如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:43541 +#: book.translate.xml:43927 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw useradd user_name -L language" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:43546 +#: book.translate.xml:43932 msgid "Shell Startup File Method" msgstr "Shell 啟動檔 (Startup File) 法" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43548 +#: book.translate.xml:43934 msgid "" "This second method is not recommended as each shell that is used requires " "manual configuration, where each shell has a different configuration file " @@ -65000,7 +65550,7 @@ "filename> 或 /usr/share/skel/dot.profile：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43559 +#: book.translate.xml:43945 #, no-wrap msgid "" "LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG\n" @@ -65008,7 +65558,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43562 +#: book.translate.xml:43948 msgid "" "However, the name of the configuration file and the syntax used differs for " "the csh shell. These are the equivalent settings for " @@ -65020,7 +65570,7 @@ "login 或 /usr/share/skel/dot.login：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43569 +#: book.translate.xml:43955 #, no-wrap msgid "" "setenv LANG de_DE.ISO8859-1\n" @@ -65028,7 +65578,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:43572 +#: book.translate.xml:43958 msgid "" "To complicate matters, the syntax needed to configure Xorg in ~/.xinitrc also depends upon the shell. " @@ -65040,24 +65590,24 @@ "command> shell 而第二個則是針對 csh shell：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43579 +#: book.translate.xml:43965 #, no-wrap msgid "LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43581 +#: book.translate.xml:43967 #, no-wrap msgid "setenv LANG de_DE.ISO8859-1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43586 +#: book.translate.xml:43972 msgid "Console Setup" msgstr "Console 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43588 +#: book.translate.xml:43974 msgid "" "Several localized fonts are available for the console. To see a listing of " "available fonts, type ls /usr/share/syscons/fonts. To " @@ -65071,7 +65621,7 @@ "型名稱 font_name：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43596 +#: book.translate.xml:43982 #, no-wrap msgid "" "font8x16=font_name\n" @@ -65080,17 +65630,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43600 +#: book.translate.xml:43986 msgid "keymap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43601 +#: book.translate.xml:43987 msgid "screenmap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43602 +#: book.translate.xml:43988 msgid "" "The keymap and screenmap can be set by adding the following to /" "etc/rc.conf:" @@ -65099,7 +65649,7 @@ "rc.conf 來設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43605 +#: book.translate.xml:43991 #, no-wrap msgid "" "scrnmap=screenmap_name\n" @@ -65108,7 +65658,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43609 +#: book.translate.xml:43995 msgid "" "To see the list of available screenmaps, type ls /usr/share/syscons/" "scrnmaps. Do not include the .scm suffix when " @@ -65124,7 +65674,7 @@ "8 的欄位，字母會移出虛擬繪圖區 (Pseudographics area)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43618 +#: book.translate.xml:44004 msgid "" "To see the list of available keymaps, type ls /usr/share/syscons/" "keymaps. When specifying the keymap_name。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43625 +#: book.translate.xml:44011 msgid "" "The keychange entry is usually needed to program function " "keys to match the selected terminal type because function key sequences " @@ -65149,7 +65699,7 @@ "定對應選擇終對機類型的功能鍵。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43630 +#: book.translate.xml:44016 msgid "" "Next, set the correct console terminal type in /etc/ttys for all virtual terminal entries. cons25l1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43653 +#: book.translate.xml:44039 msgid "ISO8859-2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43654 +#: book.translate.xml:44040 msgid "cons25l2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43658 +#: book.translate.xml:44044 msgid "ISO8859-7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43659 +#: book.translate.xml:44045 msgid "cons25l7" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43663 +#: book.translate.xml:44049 msgid "KOI8-R" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43664 +#: book.translate.xml:44050 msgid "cons25r" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43668 +#: book.translate.xml:44054 msgid "KOI8-U" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43669 +#: book.translate.xml:44055 msgid "cons25u" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43673 +#: book.translate.xml:44059 msgid "CP437 (VGA default)" msgstr "CP437 (VGA 預設值)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43674 +#: book.translate.xml:44060 msgid "cons25" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43678 +#: book.translate.xml:44064 msgid "US-ASCII" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43679 +#: book.translate.xml:44065 msgid "cons25w" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43685 +#: book.translate.xml:44071 msgid "moused" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43689 +#: book.translate.xml:44075 msgid "" "For languages with wide or multibyte characters, install a console for that " "language from the FreeBSD Ports Collection. The available ports are " @@ -65264,73 +65814,73 @@ "用說明。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:43696 +#: book.translate.xml:44082 msgid "Available Console from Ports Collection" msgstr "Port 套件集中可用的 Console" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43701 book.translate.xml:43780 +#: book.translate.xml:44087 book.translate.xml:44166 msgid "Language" msgstr "語言" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43702 +#: book.translate.xml:44088 msgid "Port Location" msgstr "Port 位置" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43708 +#: book.translate.xml:44094 msgid "Traditional Chinese (BIG-5)" msgstr "繁體中文 (BIG-5)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43709 +#: book.translate.xml:44095 msgid "chinese/big5con" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43713 book.translate.xml:43718 +#: book.translate.xml:44099 book.translate.xml:44104 msgid "Chinese/Japanese/Korean" msgstr "中文/日文/韓文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43714 +#: book.translate.xml:44100 msgid "chinese/cce" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43719 +#: book.translate.xml:44105 msgid "chinese/zhcon" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43723 book.translate.xml:43728 book.translate.xml:43733 -#: book.translate.xml:43823 book.translate.xml:43828 book.translate.xml:43833 -#: book.translate.xml:43838 book.translate.xml:43843 book.translate.xml:43848 -#: book.translate.xml:43853 book.translate.xml:43858 book.translate.xml:43863 -#: book.translate.xml:43868 book.translate.xml:43873 book.translate.xml:43878 -#: book.translate.xml:43883 book.translate.xml:43888 book.translate.xml:43893 -#: book.translate.xml:43898 book.translate.xml:43903 book.translate.xml:43908 +#: book.translate.xml:44109 book.translate.xml:44114 book.translate.xml:44119 +#: book.translate.xml:44209 book.translate.xml:44214 book.translate.xml:44219 +#: book.translate.xml:44224 book.translate.xml:44229 book.translate.xml:44234 +#: book.translate.xml:44239 book.translate.xml:44244 book.translate.xml:44249 +#: book.translate.xml:44254 book.translate.xml:44259 book.translate.xml:44264 +#: book.translate.xml:44269 book.translate.xml:44274 book.translate.xml:44279 +#: book.translate.xml:44284 book.translate.xml:44289 book.translate.xml:44294 msgid "Japanese" msgstr "日文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43724 +#: book.translate.xml:44110 msgid "chinese/kon2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43729 +#: book.translate.xml:44115 msgid "japanese/kon2-14dot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43734 +#: book.translate.xml:44120 msgid "japanese/kon2-16dot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43740 +#: book.translate.xml:44126 msgid "" "If moused is enabled in /etc/rc.conf, additional configuration may be required. By default, the mouse " @@ -65348,18 +65898,18 @@ "到 /etc/rc.conf 來移動游標的範圍：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:43749 +#: book.translate.xml:44135 #, no-wrap msgid "mousechar_start=3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:43753 +#: book.translate.xml:44139 msgid "Xorg Setup" msgstr "Xorg 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43755 +#: book.translate.xml:44141 msgid "" " describes how to install and configure " "Xorg. When configuring Xorg 中調校且可允許使用者在圖型化應用程式選單檢視其所選擇的語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:43765 +#: book.translate.xml:44151 msgid "X Input Method (XIM)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:43767 +#: book.translate.xml:44153 msgid "" "The X Input Method (XIM) protocol is an " "Xorg standard for inputting non-English " @@ -65395,200 +65945,200 @@ "式。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:43775 +#: book.translate.xml:44161 msgid "Available Input Methods" msgstr "可用的輸入法" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43781 +#: book.translate.xml:44167 msgid "Input Method" msgstr "輸入法" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43788 book.translate.xml:43793 book.translate.xml:43798 -#: book.translate.xml:43803 book.translate.xml:43808 book.translate.xml:43813 -#: book.translate.xml:43818 +#: book.translate.xml:44174 book.translate.xml:44179 book.translate.xml:44184 +#: book.translate.xml:44189 book.translate.xml:44194 book.translate.xml:44199 +#: book.translate.xml:44204 msgid "Chinese" msgstr "中文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43789 +#: book.translate.xml:44175 msgid "chinese/gcin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43794 +#: book.translate.xml:44180 msgid "chinese/ibus-chewing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43799 +#: book.translate.xml:44185 msgid "chinese/ibus-pinyin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43804 +#: book.translate.xml:44190 msgid "chinese/oxim" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43809 +#: book.translate.xml:44195 msgid "chinese/scim-fcitx" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43814 +#: book.translate.xml:44200 msgid "chinese/scim-pinyin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43819 +#: book.translate.xml:44205 msgid "chinese/scim-tables" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43824 +#: book.translate.xml:44210 msgid "japanese/ibus-anthy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43829 +#: book.translate.xml:44215 msgid "japanese/ibus-mozc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43834 +#: book.translate.xml:44220 msgid "japanese/ibus-skk" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43839 +#: book.translate.xml:44225 msgid "japanese/im-ja" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43844 +#: book.translate.xml:44230 msgid "japanese/kinput2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43849 +#: book.translate.xml:44235 msgid "japanese/scim-anthy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43854 +#: book.translate.xml:44240 msgid "japanese/scim-canna" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43859 +#: book.translate.xml:44245 msgid "japanese/scim-honoka" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43864 +#: book.translate.xml:44250 msgid "japanese/scim-honoka-plugin-romkan" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43869 +#: book.translate.xml:44255 msgid "japanese/scim-honoka-plugin-wnn" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43874 +#: book.translate.xml:44260 msgid "japanese/scim-prime" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43879 +#: book.translate.xml:44265 msgid "japanese/scim-skk" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43884 +#: book.translate.xml:44270 msgid "japanese/scim-tables" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43889 +#: book.translate.xml:44275 msgid "japanese/scim-tomoe" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43894 +#: book.translate.xml:44280 msgid "japanese/scim-uim" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43899 +#: book.translate.xml:44285 msgid "japanese/skkinput" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43904 +#: book.translate.xml:44290 msgid "japanese/skkinput3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43909 +#: book.translate.xml:44295 msgid "japanese/uim-anthy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43913 book.translate.xml:43918 book.translate.xml:43923 -#: book.translate.xml:43928 book.translate.xml:43933 +#: book.translate.xml:44299 book.translate.xml:44304 book.translate.xml:44309 +#: book.translate.xml:44314 book.translate.xml:44319 msgid "Korean" msgstr "韓文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43914 +#: book.translate.xml:44300 msgid "korean/ibus-hangul" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43919 +#: book.translate.xml:44305 msgid "korean/imhangul" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43924 +#: book.translate.xml:44310 msgid "korean/nabi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43929 +#: book.translate.xml:44315 msgid "korean/scim-hangul" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43934 +#: book.translate.xml:44320 msgid "korean/scim-tables" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43938 book.translate.xml:43943 +#: book.translate.xml:44324 book.translate.xml:44329 msgid "Vietnamese" msgstr "越南文" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43939 +#: book.translate.xml:44325 msgid "vietnamese/xvnkb" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:43944 +#: book.translate.xml:44330 msgid "vietnamese/x-unikey" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:43988 +#: book.translate.xml:44374 msgid "Finding i18n Applications" msgstr "尋找 i18n 應用程式" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43990 +#: book.translate.xml:44376 msgid "" "i18n applications are programmed using i18n kits under libraries. These allow developers to write a simple file " @@ -65598,7 +66148,7 @@ "庫開發。這讓開發人員可以寫一個簡單的檔案並翻譯顯示的選單及文字至各種語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:43995 +#: book.translate.xml:44381 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Ports " "Collection contains many applications with built-in support for wide " @@ -65612,7 +66162,7 @@ "支援您所需要的語言。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44002 +#: book.translate.xml:44388 msgid "" "Some applications can be compiled with the specific charset. This is usually " "done in the port's Makefile or by passing a value to " @@ -65629,12 +66179,12 @@ "解在編譯時有那些可以使用的編譯選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:44014 +#: book.translate.xml:44400 msgid "Locale Configuration for Specific Languages" msgstr "特定語言的語系設定" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44016 +#: book.translate.xml:44402 msgid "" "This section provides configuration examples for localizing a FreeBSD system " "for the Russian language. It then provides some additional resources for " @@ -65642,24 +66192,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:44022 +#: book.translate.xml:44408 msgid "Russian Language (KOI8-R Encoding)" msgstr "俄語 (KOI8-R 編碼)" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:44025 +#: book.translate.xml:44411 msgid "" "AndreyChernovOriginally contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44030 +#: book.translate.xml:44416 msgid "localization Russian" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44035 +#: book.translate.xml:44421 msgid "" "This section shows the specific settings needed to localize a FreeBSD system " "for the Russian language. Refer to ~/.login_conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44045 +#: book.translate.xml:44431 #, no-wrap msgid "" "me:My Account:\\\n" @@ -65684,14 +66234,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44049 +#: book.translate.xml:44435 msgid "" "To configure the console, add the following lines to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44052 +#: book.translate.xml:44438 #, no-wrap msgid "" "keymap=\"ru.koi8-r\"\n" @@ -65703,19 +66253,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44059 +#: book.translate.xml:44445 msgid "" "For each ttyv entry in /etc/ttys, " "use cons25r as the terminal type." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44063 +#: book.translate.xml:44449 msgid "printers" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44064 +#: book.translate.xml:44450 msgid "" "To configure printing, a special output filter is needed to convert from " "KOI8-R to CP866 since most printers with Russian characters come with " @@ -65725,7 +66275,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44072 +#: book.translate.xml:44458 #, no-wrap msgid "" "lp|Russian local line printer:\\\n" @@ -65734,14 +66284,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44076 +#: book.translate.xml:44462 msgid "" "Refer to printcap5 for a more detailed explanation." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44079 +#: book.translate.xml:44465 msgid "" "To configure support for Russian filenames in mounted MS-DOS file systems, include " @@ -65749,20 +66299,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44084 +#: book.translate.xml:44470 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/ad0s2 /dos/c msdos rw,-Lru_RU.KOI8-R 0 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44086 +#: book.translate.xml:44472 msgid "" "Refer to mount_msdosfs8 for more details." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44088 +#: book.translate.xml:44474 msgid "" "To configure Russian fonts for Xorg, install the " "x11-fonts/xorg-fonts-cyrillic package. Then, check the " @@ -65772,25 +66322,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44096 +#: book.translate.xml:44482 #, no-wrap msgid "FontPath \"/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44098 +#: book.translate.xml:44484 msgid "Additional Cyrillic fonts are available in the Ports Collection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44101 +#: book.translate.xml:44487 msgid "" "To activate a Russian keyboard, add the following to the \"Keyboard" "\" section of /etc/xorg.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44105 +#: book.translate.xml:44491 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Option \"XkbLayout\" \"us,ru\"\n" @@ -65798,13 +66348,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44108 +#: book.translate.xml:44494 msgid "" "Make sure that XkbDisable is commented out in that file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44111 +#: book.translate.xml:44497 msgid "" "For grp:toggle use Right Alt, for " "grp:ctrl_shift_toggle use Windows keys, and some non-alphabetical keys are mapped " @@ -65825,13 +66375,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44126 +#: book.translate.xml:44512 #, no-wrap msgid "Option \"XkbVariant\" \",winkeys\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44129 +#: book.translate.xml:44515 msgid "" "The Russian XKB keyboard may not work with non-localized applications. " "Minimally localized applications should call a XtSetLanguageProc " @@ -65839,7 +66389,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44136 +#: book.translate.xml:44522 msgid "" "See http://koi8.pp.ru/xwin." "html for more instructions on localizing Xorglocalization Traditional Chinese" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44152 +#: book.translate.xml:44538 msgid "localization German" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44156 +#: book.translate.xml:44542 msgid "localization Greek" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44160 +#: book.translate.xml:44546 msgid "localization Japanese" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44164 +#: book.translate.xml:44550 msgid "localization Korean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44171 +#: book.translate.xml:44557 msgid "Traditional Chinese for Taiwan" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44174 +#: book.translate.xml:44560 msgid "" "The FreeBSD-Taiwan Project has a Chinese HOWTO for FreeBSD at http://netlab." @@ -65899,12 +66449,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44180 +#: book.translate.xml:44566 msgid "Greek Language Localization" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44183 +#: book.translate.xml:44569 msgid "" "A complete article on Greek support in FreeBSD is available http://" "www.jp.FreeBSD.org/, and for Korean, refer to Jim Mock Restructured, reorganized, and parts updated by Jordan Hubbard Original work by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:44247 +#: book.translate.xml:44633 msgid "" " Poul-Henning Kamp " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:44254 +#: book.translate.xml:44640 msgid "" " John Polstra " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:44261 +#: book.translate.xml:44647 msgid "" " Nik Clayton " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44273 +#: book.translate.xml:44659 msgid "" "FreeBSD is under constant development between releases. Some people prefer " "to use the officially released versions, while others prefer to keep in sync " @@ -65999,7 +66549,7 @@ "FreeBSD 系統維持最新版本的基本工具。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44287 +#: book.translate.xml:44673 msgid "" "How to keep a FreeBSD system up-to-date with freebsd-update or Subversion." @@ -66008,14 +66558,14 @@ "application> 來維持 FreeBSD 系統為最新版。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44293 +#: book.translate.xml:44679 msgid "" "How to compare the state of an installed system against a known pristine " "copy." msgstr "如何比對已安裝系統與已知原始複本間的狀態。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44298 +#: book.translate.xml:44684 msgid "" "How to keep the installed documentation up-to-date with " "Subversion or documentation ports." @@ -66024,33 +66574,33 @@ "文件為新版。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44304 +#: book.translate.xml:44690 msgid "" "The difference between the two development branches: FreeBSD-STABLE and " "FreeBSD-CURRENT." msgstr "兩種開發分支間的差異：FreeBSD-STABLE 與 FreeBSD-CURRENT。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44309 +#: book.translate.xml:44695 msgid "How to rebuild and reinstall the entire base system." msgstr "如何重新編譯及重新安裝整個基礎系統 (Base system)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44318 +#: book.translate.xml:44704 msgid "" "Properly set up the network connection ()." msgstr "正確的設定網路連線 ()。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44323 book.translate.xml:50176 book.translate.xml:61483 +#: book.translate.xml:44709 book.translate.xml:50561 book.translate.xml:61866 msgid "" "Know how to install additional third-party software ()." msgstr "了解如何安裝其他第三方軟體 ()。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44329 +#: book.translate.xml:44715 msgid "" "Throughout this chapter, svn is used to obtain and update " "FreeBSD sources. To use it, first install the devel/subversiondevel/subversion Port 或套件。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:44338 +#: book.translate.xml:44724 msgid "FreeBSD Update" msgstr "FreeBSD 更新" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:44351 +#: book.translate.xml:44737 msgid "" " Colin Percival Based on notes provided by " @@ -66073,17 +66623,17 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44361 book.translate.xml:44868 book.translate.xml:45004 +#: book.translate.xml:44747 book.translate.xml:45254 book.translate.xml:45390 msgid "Updating and Upgrading" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44364 +#: book.translate.xml:44750 msgid "freebsd-update updating-upgrading" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44369 +#: book.translate.xml:44755 msgid "" "Applying security patches in a timely manner and upgrading to a newer " "release of an operating system are important aspects of ongoing system " @@ -66095,37 +66645,37 @@ "freebsd-update。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44375 +#: book.translate.xml:44761 msgid "" "This utility supports binary security and errata updates to FreeBSD, without " "the need to manually compile and install the patch or a new kernel. Binary " "updates are available for all architectures and releases currently supported " "by the security team. The list of supported releases and their estimated end-" -"of-life dates are listed at http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/." +"of-life dates are listed at https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/." msgstr "" "這個工具程式支援使用 Binary 對 FreeBSD 做安全性與和錯誤更新，不需要手動編譯和" "安裝修補 (Patch) 或新核心。目前由安全性團隊提供支援的 Binary 更新可用於所有的" -"架構和發行版。支援的發行版清單及各自的支援期限列於 http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/。" +"架構和發行版。支援的發行版清單及各自的支援期限列於 https://www.FreeBSD.org/security/。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44382 +#: book.translate.xml:44768 msgid "" "This utility also supports operating system upgrades to minor point releases " "as well as upgrades to another release branch. Before upgrading to a new " "release, review its release announcement as it contains important " "information pertinent to the release. Release announcements are available " -"from http://www.FreeBSD." -"org/releases/." +"from https://www." +"FreeBSD.org/releases/." msgstr "" "這個工具程式也支援升級作業系統到次要的發佈版以及升級到另一個發佈版分支。在升" "級到新的發佈版本前，需先查看該版本的發佈公告，因為發行公告中包含了該發行版本" -"的相關重要資訊。發行公告可自 http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ 取得。" +"的相關重要資訊。發行公告可自 https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ 取得。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44389 +#: book.translate.xml:44775 msgid "" "If a crontab utilizing the features of " "freebsd-update8，則必須在升級作業系統前先關閉。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44394 +#: book.translate.xml:44780 msgid "" "This section describes the configuration file used by freebsd-" "update, demonstrates how to apply a security patch and how to " @@ -66149,7 +66699,7 @@ "事項。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44403 +#: book.translate.xml:44789 msgid "" "The default configuration file for freebsd-update works " "as-is. Some users may wish to tweak the default configuration in /" @@ -66163,7 +66713,7 @@ "要進一步的說明：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44411 +#: book.translate.xml:44797 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Components of the base system which should be kept updated.\n" @@ -66171,7 +66721,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44414 +#: book.translate.xml:44800 msgid "" "This parameter controls which parts of FreeBSD will be kept up-to-date. The " "default is to update the entire base system and the kernel. Individual " @@ -66188,7 +66738,7 @@ "新而造成慘重的後果。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44424 +#: book.translate.xml:44810 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an IgnorePaths\n" @@ -66197,7 +66747,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44428 +#: book.translate.xml:44814 msgid "" "To leave specified directories, such as /bin or " "/sbin, untouched during the update process, add their " @@ -66209,7 +66759,7 @@ "freebsd-update 覆蓋本地的修改。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44435 +#: book.translate.xml:44821 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an UpdateIfUnmodified\n" @@ -66219,7 +66769,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44440 +#: book.translate.xml:44826 msgid "" "This option will only update unmodified configuration files in the specified " "directories. Any changes made by the user will prevent the automatic " @@ -66232,7 +66782,7 @@ "freebsd-update 在合併時儲存使用者做的變更。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44448 +#: book.translate.xml:44834 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# When upgrading to a new FreeBSD release, files which match MergeChanges\n" @@ -66241,7 +66791,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44452 +#: book.translate.xml:44838 msgid "" "List of directories with configuration files that freebsd-update should attempt to merge. The file merge process is a series of " @@ -66266,7 +66816,7 @@ "refentrytitle>8。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44462 +#: book.translate.xml:44848 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Directory in which to store downloaded updates and temporary\n" @@ -66275,7 +66825,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44466 +#: book.translate.xml:44852 msgid "" "This directory is where all patches and temporary files are placed. In cases " "where the user is doing a version upgrade, this location should have at " @@ -66285,7 +66835,7 @@ "有至少 1GB 的可用磁碟空間。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44471 +#: book.translate.xml:44857 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# When upgrading between releases, should the list of Components be\n" @@ -66296,7 +66846,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44477 +#: book.translate.xml:44863 msgid "" "When this option is set to yes, freebsd-update will assume that the Components list is complete " @@ -66310,12 +66860,12 @@ "於 Components 清單中的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44487 +#: book.translate.xml:44873 msgid "Applying Security Patches" msgstr "套用安全性修補" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44489 +#: book.translate.xml:44875 msgid "" "The process of applying FreeBSD security patches has been simplified, " "allowing an administrator to keep a system fully patched using " @@ -66327,7 +66877,7 @@ "。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44495 +#: book.translate.xml:44881 msgid "" "FreeBSD security patches may be downloaded and installed using the following " "commands. The first command will determine if any outstanding patches are " @@ -66338,7 +66888,7 @@ "補，如果有，將列出若執行修補後會變更的檔案清單。第二個指令將會套用修補。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44501 +#: book.translate.xml:44887 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# freebsd-update fetch\n" @@ -66346,7 +66896,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44504 +#: book.translate.xml:44890 msgid "" "If the update applies any kernel patches, the system will need a reboot in " "order to boot into the patched kernel. If the patch was applied to any " @@ -66358,7 +66908,7 @@ "本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44510 +#: book.translate.xml:44896 msgid "" "The system can be configured to automatically check for updates once every " "day by adding this entry to /etc/crontab:" @@ -66367,13 +66917,13 @@ "次：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:44514 +#: book.translate.xml:44900 #, no-wrap msgid "@daily root freebsd-update cron" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44516 +#: book.translate.xml:44902 msgid "" "If patches exist, they will automatically be downloaded but will not be " "applied. The root user will be " @@ -66385,7 +66935,7 @@ "freebsd-update install 安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44522 +#: book.translate.xml:44908 msgid "" "If anything goes wrong, freebsd-update has the ability to " "roll back the last set of changes with the following command:" @@ -66394,7 +66944,7 @@ "後所做的變更：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44526 +#: book.translate.xml:44912 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# freebsd-update rollback\n" @@ -66402,7 +66952,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44529 +#: book.translate.xml:44915 msgid "" "Again, the system should be restarted if the kernel or any kernel modules " "were modified and any affected binaries should be restarted." @@ -66411,7 +66961,7 @@ "Binary 應重新執行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44533 +#: book.translate.xml:44919 msgid "" "Only the GENERIC kernel can be automatically updated by " "freebsd-update. If a custom kernel is installed, it will " @@ -66428,7 +66978,7 @@ "新 GENERIC 核心，即使該核心並非目前系統正在執行的核心。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44544 +#: book.translate.xml:44930 msgid "" "Always keep a copy of the GENERIC kernel in /" "boot/GENERIC. It will be helpful in diagnosing a variety of " @@ -66442,7 +66992,7 @@ "filename> 核心的複本說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44552 +#: book.translate.xml:44938 msgid "" "Unless the default configuration in /etc/freebsd-update.conf has been changed, freebsd-update will install " @@ -66454,7 +67004,7 @@ "可依平常的方式執行重新編譯與重新安裝核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44559 +#: book.translate.xml:44945 msgid "" "The updates distributed by freebsd-update do not always " "involve the kernel. It is not necessary to rebuild a custom kernel if the " @@ -66478,12 +67028,12 @@ "更新。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44577 +#: book.translate.xml:44963 msgid "Performing Major and Minor Version Upgrades" msgstr "執行主要及次要版號升級" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44579 +#: book.translate.xml:44965 msgid "" "Upgrades from one minor version of FreeBSD to another, like from FreeBSD 9.0 " "to FreeBSD 9.1, are called minor version upgrades. " @@ -66499,7 +67049,7 @@ "以透過提供 freebsd-update 目標的發佈版本來執行。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44589 +#: book.translate.xml:44975 msgid "" "If the system is running a custom kernel, make sure that a copy of the " "GENERIC kernel exists in /boot/GENERICGENERIC 核心複本的說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44597 +#: book.translate.xml:44983 msgid "" "The following command, when run on a FreeBSD 9.0 system, will upgrade it to " "FreeBSD 9.1:" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 9.0 系統執行以下指令，將會把系統升級至 FreeBSD 9.1：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44600 +#: book.translate.xml:44986 #, no-wrap msgid "# freebsd-update -r 9.1-RELEASE upgrade" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44602 +#: book.translate.xml:44988 msgid "" "After the command has been received, freebsd-update will " "evaluate the configuration file and current system in an attempt to gather " @@ -66537,7 +67087,7 @@ "統來收集升級所需的資訊。 螢幕會顯示偵測到或沒偵測到的元件清單。例如：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44609 +#: book.translate.xml:44995 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 1 mirrors found.\n" @@ -66559,7 +67109,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44626 +#: book.translate.xml:45012 msgid "" "At this point, freebsd-update will attempt to download " "all files required for the upgrade. In some cases, the user may be prompted " @@ -66569,14 +67119,14 @@ "些情況，會詢問使用者一些關於要安裝什麼或要如何繼續。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44631 +#: book.translate.xml:45017 msgid "" "When using a custom kernel, the above step will produce a warning similar to " "the following:" msgstr "當使用自訂核心，上述的步驟將會產生如下的警告：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44634 +#: book.translate.xml:45020 #, no-wrap msgid "" "WARNING: This system is running a \"MYKERNEL\" kernel, which is not a\n" @@ -66586,7 +67136,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44639 +#: book.translate.xml:45025 msgid "" "This warning may be safely ignored at this point. The updated " "GENERIC kernel will be used as an intermediate step in " @@ -66596,7 +67146,7 @@ "filename> 核心來進行。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44643 +#: book.translate.xml:45029 msgid "" "Once all the patches have been downloaded to the local system, they will be " "applied. This process may take a while, depending on the speed and workload " @@ -66617,7 +67167,7 @@ "或 group。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44657 +#: book.translate.xml:45043 msgid "" "The system is not being altered yet as all patching and merging is happening " "in another directory. Once all patches have been applied successfully, all " @@ -66631,13 +67181,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: note/screen #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44664 book.translate.xml:44701 book.translate.xml:44795 +#: book.translate.xml:45050 book.translate.xml:45087 book.translate.xml:45181 #, no-wrap msgid "# freebsd-update install" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44667 +#: book.translate.xml:45053 msgid "" "The kernel and kernel modules will be patched first. If the system is " "running with a custom kernel, use nextboot：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44672 +#: book.translate.xml:45058 #, no-wrap msgid "# nextboot -k GENERIC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:44675 +#: book.translate.xml:45061 msgid "" "Before rebooting with the GENERIC kernel, make sure it " "contains all the drivers required for the system to boot properly and " @@ -66675,19 +67225,19 @@ "filename> 核心。建議關閉非必須的服務和磁碟與網路掛載直到升級程序完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44689 +#: book.translate.xml:45075 msgid "The machine should now be restarted with the updated kernel:" msgstr "機器現在應使用更新過的核心重新開機：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44692 book.translate.xml:45707 +#: book.translate.xml:45078 book.translate.xml:46092 #, no-wrap msgid "# shutdown -r now" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44694 +#: book.translate.xml:45080 msgid "" "Once the system has come back online, restart freebsd-update using the following command. Since the state of the process has " @@ -66700,14 +67250,14 @@ "一個階段並移除所有舊的共用程式庫和目標檔。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:44704 +#: book.translate.xml:45090 msgid "" "Depending upon whether any library version numbers were bumped, there may " "only be two install phases instead of three." msgstr "取決於是否有任何程式庫版本編號衝突，也可能只有兩個而不是三個安裝階段。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44709 +#: book.translate.xml:45095 msgid "" "The upgrade is now complete. If this was a major version upgrade, reinstall " "all ports and packages as described in 的說明重新安裝所有的 Port 和套件。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:44714 +#: book.translate.xml:45100 msgid "Custom Kernels with FreeBSD 9.X and Later" msgstr "在 FreeBSD 9.X 及之後版本自訂核心" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44716 +#: book.translate.xml:45102 msgid "" "Before using freebsd-update, ensure that a copy of the " "GENERIC kernel exists in /boot/GENERIC 核心，只需要將該目錄重新命名為 /boot/kernel。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44724 +#: book.translate.xml:45110 msgid "" "If a custom kernel has been built more than once or if it is unknown how " "many times the custom kernel has been built, obtain a copy of the " @@ -66750,7 +67300,7 @@ "則可以從安裝媒體取得 GENERIC 核心複本：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44732 +#: book.translate.xml:45118 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mount /cdrom\n" @@ -66759,14 +67309,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44736 +#: book.translate.xml:45122 msgid "" "Alternately, the GENERIC kernel may be rebuilt and " "installed from source:" msgstr "或者，可以從原始碼重新編譯 GENERIC 核心：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44739 +#: book.translate.xml:45125 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -66774,7 +67324,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44742 +#: book.translate.xml:45128 msgid "" "For this kernel to be identified as the GENERIC kernel by " "freebsd-update, the GENERIC " @@ -66786,7 +67336,7 @@ "在編譯核心時不要使用其他特殊選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44750 +#: book.translate.xml:45136 msgid "" "Rebooting into the GENERIC kernel is not required as " "freebsd-update only needs /boot/GENERICGENERIC。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:44756 +#: book.translate.xml:45142 msgid "Upgrading Packages After a Major Version Upgrade" msgstr "主要版號升級後的套件升級" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44759 +#: book.translate.xml:45145 msgid "" "Generally, installed applications will continue to work without problems " "after minor version upgrades. Major versions use different Application " @@ -66819,7 +67369,7 @@ "package> 工具。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44770 +#: book.translate.xml:45156 msgid "" "A forced upgrade of all installed packages will replace the packages with " "fresh versions from the repository even if the version number has not " @@ -66832,20 +67382,20 @@ "制升級可以執行以下指令來完成：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44777 +#: book.translate.xml:45163 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg-static upgrade -f" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44779 +#: book.translate.xml:45165 msgid "" "A rebuild of all installed applications can be accomplished with this " "command:" msgstr "重新編譯所有已安裝的應用程式可以執行以下指令來完成：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44784 +#: book.translate.xml:45170 msgid "" "This command will display the configuration screens for each application " "that has configurable options and wait for the user to interact with those " @@ -66857,7 +67407,7 @@ "option> 參數。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44790 +#: book.translate.xml:45176 msgid "" "Once the software upgrades are complete, finish the upgrade process with a " "final call to freebsd-update in order to tie up all the " @@ -66867,7 +67417,7 @@ "動作：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44797 +#: book.translate.xml:45183 msgid "" "If the GENERIC kernel was temporarily used, this is the " "time to build and install a new custom kernel using the instructions in " @@ -66877,19 +67427,19 @@ "\"kernelconfig\"/> 的說明編譯並安裝新的自訂核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:44801 +#: book.translate.xml:45187 msgid "" "Reboot the machine into the new FreeBSD version. The upgrade process is now " "complete." msgstr "重新開機使用新的 FreeBSD 版本後，升級程序便正式完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44807 +#: book.translate.xml:45193 msgid "System State Comparison" msgstr "比對系統狀態" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44809 +#: book.translate.xml:45195 msgid "" "The state of the installed FreeBSD version against a known good copy can be " "tested using freebsd-update IDS. This command evaluates " @@ -66903,7 +67453,7 @@ "IDS)。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:44817 +#: book.translate.xml:45203 msgid "" "This command is not a replacement for a real IDS such as " "security/snort. As freebsd-update " @@ -66925,19 +67475,19 @@ "IDS 功能，在 有詳細說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44832 +#: book.translate.xml:45218 msgid "" "To begin the comparison, specify the output file to save the results to:" msgstr "要開始比對，需指定輸出的檔案來儲存結果：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44835 +#: book.translate.xml:45221 #, no-wrap msgid "# freebsd-update IDS >> outfile.ids" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44837 +#: book.translate.xml:45223 msgid "" "The system will now be inspected and a lengthy listing of files, along with " "the SHA256 hash values for both the known value in the " @@ -66948,7 +67498,7 @@ "版本的 SHA256 雜湊值會儲存到指定的輸出檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44843 +#: book.translate.xml:45229 msgid "" "The entries in the listing are extremely long, but the output format may be " "easily parsed. For instance, to obtain a list of all files which differ from " @@ -66958,7 +67508,7 @@ "版本不同的檔案清單，可使用以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44848 +#: book.translate.xml:45234 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cat outfile.ids | awk '{ print $1 }' | more\n" @@ -66969,7 +67519,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44854 +#: book.translate.xml:45240 msgid "" "This sample output has been truncated as many more files exist. Some files " "have natural modifications. For example, /etc/passwd " @@ -66986,31 +67536,31 @@ "的 IDSIgnorePaths 選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:44866 +#: book.translate.xml:45252 msgid "Updating the Documentation Set" msgstr "更新文件集" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:44870 +#: book.translate.xml:45256 msgid "Documentation Updating and Upgrading" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44875 +#: book.translate.xml:45261 msgid "" "Documentation is an integral part of the FreeBSD operating system. While an " "up-to-date version of the FreeBSD documentation is always available on the " -"FreeBSD web site (http://www." +"FreeBSD web site (https://www." "freebsd.org/doc/), it can be handy to have an up-to-date, local copy " "of the FreeBSD website, handbooks, FAQ, and articles." msgstr "" -"文件是 FreeBSD 作業系統不可或缺的一部份。在最新版本的 FreeBSD 文件可在 " -"FreeBSD 網站 (http://www.freebsd." -"org/doc/) 取得的同時，也可很簡單的取得 FreeBSD 網站、使用手冊、" -"FAQ 及文章的本地複本。" +"說明文件是 FreeBSD 作業系統不可或缺的一部份。最新版本的 FreeBSD 文件除了可在 " +"FreeBSD 網站 (https://www." +"freebsd.org/doc/) 取得，也可很簡單的取得本地的 FreeBSD 網站、使用手" +"冊、FAQ 及文章副本。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44881 +#: book.translate.xml:45267 msgid "" "This section describes how to use either source or the FreeBSD Ports " "Collection to keep a local copy of the FreeBSD documentation up-to-date." @@ -67019,24 +67569,24 @@ "複本。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:44885 +#: book.translate.xml:45271 msgid "" "For information on editing and submitting corrections to the documentation, " "refer to the FreeBSD Documentation Project Primer for New Contributors " "(http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/)." +"\">https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/)." msgstr "" -"要取得編輯與提出修正文件相關的資訊請參考 FreeBSD 文件計畫入門書 (http://www." -"freebsd.org/doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/fdp-primer/)。" +"有關編輯與提出修正說明文件的資訊，請參考 FreeBSD 文件計畫入門書 (https://www." +"freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/fdp-primer/)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:44890 +#: book.translate.xml:45276 msgid "Updating Documentation from Source" msgstr "自原始碼更新說明文件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44892 +#: book.translate.xml:45278 msgid "" "Rebuilding the FreeBSD documentation from source requires a collection of " "tools which are not part of the FreeBSD base system. The required tools, " @@ -67049,7 +67599,7 @@ "textproc/docproj 套件或 Port 安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44899 +#: book.translate.xml:45285 msgid "" "Once installed, use svn to fetch a clean copy of " "the documentation source:" @@ -67058,31 +67608,31 @@ "本：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44902 +#: book.translate.xml:45288 #, no-wrap msgid "# svn checkout https://svn.FreeBSD.org/doc/head /usr/doc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44904 +#: book.translate.xml:45290 msgid "" "The initial download of the documentation sources may take a while. Let it " "run until it completes." msgstr "第一次下載文件原始碼需要一些時間，請耐心等候執行完畢。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44907 +#: book.translate.xml:45293 msgid "Future updates of the documentation sources may be fetched by running:" msgstr "往後更新文件原始碼可執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44910 +#: book.translate.xml:45296 #, no-wrap msgid "# svn update /usr/doc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44912 +#: book.translate.xml:45298 msgid "" "Once an up-to-date snapshot of the documentation sources has been fetched to " "/usr/doc, everything is ready for an update of the " @@ -67092,12 +67642,12 @@ "文件的準備動作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44916 +#: book.translate.xml:45302 msgid "A full update of all available languages may be performed by typing:" msgstr "完整更新所有可用的語言可以執行：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44919 +#: book.translate.xml:45305 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/doc\n" @@ -67105,7 +67655,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44922 +#: book.translate.xml:45308 msgid "" "If an update of only a specific language is desired, make " "can be invoked in a language-specific subdirectory of /usr/docmake：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44927 +#: book.translate.xml:45313 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1\n" @@ -67123,7 +67673,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44930 +#: book.translate.xml:45316 msgid "" "An alternative way of updating the documentation is to run this command from " "/usr/doc or the desired language-specific subdirectory:" @@ -67132,20 +67682,20 @@ "行此指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44934 +#: book.translate.xml:45320 #, no-wrap msgid "# make update" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44936 +#: book.translate.xml:45322 msgid "" "The output formats that will be installed may be specified by setting " "FORMATS:" msgstr "要指定安裝的輸出格式可使用 FORMATS 來設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:44939 +#: book.translate.xml:45325 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/doc\n" @@ -67153,7 +67703,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44942 +#: book.translate.xml:45328 msgid "" "Several options are available to ease the process of updating only parts of " "the documentation, or the build of specific translations. These options can " @@ -67165,17 +67715,17 @@ "給 make。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44949 +#: book.translate.xml:45335 msgid "The options include:" msgstr "選項有：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44953 +#: book.translate.xml:45339 msgid "DOC_LANG" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44956 +#: book.translate.xml:45342 msgid "" "The list of languages and encodings to build and install, such as " "en_US.ISO8859-1 for English documentation." @@ -67184,12 +67734,12 @@ "語文件。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44963 +#: book.translate.xml:45349 msgid "FORMATS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44966 +#: book.translate.xml:45352 msgid "" "A single format or a list of output formats to be built. Currently, " "html, html-split, txt。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:44975 +#: book.translate.xml:45361 msgid "DOCDIR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:44978 +#: book.translate.xml:45364 msgid "" "Where to install the documentation. It defaults to /usr/share/doc." msgstr "要安裝文件的位置，預設為 /usr/share/doc。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:44984 +#: book.translate.xml:45370 msgid "" "For more make variables supported as system-wide options " "in FreeBSD, refer to make.conf。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:44991 +#: book.translate.xml:45377 msgid "Updating Documentation from Ports" msgstr "自 Port 更新說明文件" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:44994 +#: book.translate.xml:45380 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille Based on the work of " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45008 +#: book.translate.xml:45394 msgid "" "documentation package Updating and Upgrading" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45013 +#: book.translate.xml:45399 msgid "" "The previous section presented a method for updating the FreeBSD " "documentation from sources. This section describes an alternative method " @@ -67251,21 +67801,21 @@ "方法，可由以下方式達成：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45020 +#: book.translate.xml:45406 msgid "" "Install pre-built packages of the documentation, without having to locally " "build anything or install the documentation toolchain." msgstr "安裝事先編譯好的文件套件，無須在本地編譯任何東西或安裝文件工具集。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45026 +#: book.translate.xml:45412 msgid "" "Build the documentation sources through the ports framework, making the " "checkout and build steps a bit easier." msgstr "使用 Port 框架來編譯文件原始碼，可讓取得與編譯文件的步驟更簡單。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45032 +#: book.translate.xml:45418 msgid "" "This method of updating the FreeBSD documentation is supported by a set of " "documentation ports and packages which are updated by the Documentation " @@ -67280,12 +67830,12 @@ "org/docs/\">http://www.freshports.org/docs/)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45038 +#: book.translate.xml:45424 msgid "Organization of the documentation ports is as follows:" msgstr "文件 Port 的組織方式如下：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45043 +#: book.translate.xml:45429 msgid "" "The misc/freebsd-doc-en package or port installs all of " "the English documentation." @@ -67293,7 +67843,7 @@ "misc/freebsd-doc-en 套件或 Port 會安裝所有英語的文件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45048 +#: book.translate.xml:45434 msgid "" "The misc/freebsd-doc-all meta-package or port installs " "all documentation in all available languages." @@ -67302,7 +67852,7 @@ "件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45054 +#: book.translate.xml:45440 msgid "" "There is a package and port for each translation, such as misc/" "freebsd-doc-hu for the Hungarian documentation." @@ -67311,7 +67861,7 @@ "利語文件。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45060 +#: book.translate.xml:45446 msgid "" "When binary packages are used, the FreeBSD documentation will be installed " "in all available formats for the given language. For example, the following " @@ -67321,13 +67871,13 @@ "會安裝最新的匈牙利語文件套件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45065 +#: book.translate.xml:45451 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install hu-freebsd-doc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45068 +#: book.translate.xml:45454 msgid "" "Packages use a format that differs from the corresponding port's name: " "lang-freebsd-doc, where " @@ -67341,7 +67891,7 @@ "literal> 代表簡體中文。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45077 +#: book.translate.xml:45463 msgid "" "To specify the format of the documentation, build the port instead of " "installing the package. For example, to build and install the English " @@ -67350,7 +67900,7 @@ "要指定文件的格式，需以編譯 Port 來代替安裝套件。例如要編譯並安裝英語文件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45081 +#: book.translate.xml:45467 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/misc/freebsd-doc-en\n" @@ -67358,19 +67908,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45084 +#: book.translate.xml:45470 msgid "" "The port provides a configuration menu where the format to build and install " "can be specified. By default, split HTML, similar to the " "format used on http://www.FreeBSD." "org, and PDF are selected." msgstr "" -"Port 提供設定選單來指定要編譯與安裝的格式，預設為分頁的 HTML　(類似 http://www." -"FreeBSD.org 使用的格式) 以及 PDF。" +"Port 提供設定選單來指定要編譯與安裝的格式，預設會選擇分頁的 HTML (類似 http://www.FreeBSD." +"org 使用的格式) 以及 PDF。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45089 +#: book.translate.xml:45475 msgid "" "Alternately, several make options can be specified when " "building a documentation port, including:" @@ -67378,12 +67928,12 @@ "此外，編譯文件 Port 時也可指定數個 make 選項，包括：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:45095 +#: book.translate.xml:45481 msgid "WITH_HTML" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45098 +#: book.translate.xml:45484 msgid "" "Builds the HTML format with a single HTML file per document. The formatted " "documentation is saved to a file called article.html, " @@ -67393,12 +67943,12 @@ "article.html 或 book.html 的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:45106 +#: book.translate.xml:45492 msgid "WITH_PDF" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45109 +#: book.translate.xml:45495 msgid "" "The formatted documentation is saved to a file called article.pdf or book.pdf." @@ -67407,12 +67957,12 @@ "book.pdf 的檔案。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:45116 +#: book.translate.xml:45502 msgid "DOCBASE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45119 +#: book.translate.xml:45505 msgid "" "Specifies where to install the documentation. It defaults to /usr/" "local/share/doc/freebsd." @@ -67421,7 +67971,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45126 +#: book.translate.xml:45512 msgid "" "This example uses variables to install the Hungarian documentation as a " "PDF in the specified directory:" @@ -67429,15 +67979,15 @@ "以下範例使用變數來安裝 PDF 的匈牙利語文件到特定目錄：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45130 +#: book.translate.xml:45516 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"# cd /usr/ports/misc/freebsd-doc-hu\n" -"# make -DWITH_PDF DOCBASE=share/doc/freebsd/hu install clean" +"# cd /usr/ports/misc/freebsd-doc-hu\n" +"# make -DWITH_PDF DOCBASE=share/doc/freebsd/hu install clean" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45133 +#: book.translate.xml:45519 msgid "" "Documentation packages or ports can be updated using the instructions in " ". For example, the following command updates the " @@ -67448,34 +67998,34 @@ "用 ports-mgmt/portmaster 更新已安裝的匈牙利語文件：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45139 +#: book.translate.xml:45525 #, no-wrap msgid "# portmaster -PP hu-freebsd-doc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:45144 +#: book.translate.xml:45530 msgid "Tracking a Development Branch" msgstr "追蹤開發分支" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45146 +#: book.translate.xml:45532 msgid "-CURRENT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45147 +#: book.translate.xml:45533 msgid "-STABLE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45149 +#: book.translate.xml:45535 msgid "" "FreeBSD has two development branches: FreeBSD-CURRENT and FreeBSD-STABLE." msgstr "FreeBSD 有兩個開發分支：FreeBSD-CURRENT 及 FreeBSD-STABLE。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45152 +#: book.translate.xml:45538 msgid "" "This section provides an explanation of each branch and its intended " "audience, as well as how to keep a system up-to-date with each respective " @@ -67484,12 +68034,12 @@ "本節將說明每個分支及其的特定使用者，也會說明如何在各別分支維持系統為最新版。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:45157 +#: book.translate.xml:45543 msgid "Using FreeBSD-CURRENT" msgstr "使用 FreeBSD-CURRENT" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45159 +#: book.translate.xml:45545 msgid "" "FreeBSD-CURRENT is the bleeding edge of FreeBSD development " "and FreeBSD-CURRENT users are expected to have a high degree of technical " @@ -67501,7 +68051,7 @@ "支。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45165 +#: book.translate.xml:45551 msgid "" "FreeBSD-CURRENT is the very latest source code for FreeBSD and includes " "works in progress, experimental changes, and transitional mechanisms that " @@ -67519,19 +68069,19 @@ "量這個問題。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45175 +#: book.translate.xml:45561 msgid "FreeBSD-CURRENT is made available for three primary interest groups:" msgstr "FreeBSD-CURRENT 主要給下以三種族群：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45180 +#: book.translate.xml:45566 msgid "" "Members of the FreeBSD community who are actively working on some part of " "the source tree." msgstr "致力於開發某一部份原始碼樹的 FreeBSD 社群成員。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45185 +#: book.translate.xml:45571 msgid "" "Members of the FreeBSD community who are active testers. They are willing to " "spend time solving problems, making topical suggestions on changes and the " @@ -67541,7 +68091,7 @@ "及大方向提出專業建議並送交修補。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45192 +#: book.translate.xml:45578 msgid "" "Users who wish to keep an eye on things, use the current source for " "reference purposes, or make the occasional comment or code contribution." @@ -67549,7 +68099,7 @@ "隨時關注的使用者，使用目前原始碼做為參考用途，或是偶爾提供意見或貢獻原始碼。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45198 +#: book.translate.xml:45584 msgid "" "FreeBSD-CURRENT should not be considered a fast-track " "to getting new features before the next release as pre-release features are " @@ -67564,17 +68114,17 @@ "CURRENT 不在 官方支援 的範圍內。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45206 +#: book.translate.xml:45592 msgid "-CURRENT using" msgstr "-CURRENT 使用" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45211 +#: book.translate.xml:45597 msgid "To track FreeBSD-CURRENT:" msgstr "若要追蹤 FreeBSD-CURRENT：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45215 +#: book.translate.xml:45601 msgid "" "Join the freebsd-current and the svn-src-head list records the commit log entry for each change as " @@ -67601,7 +68151,7 @@ "用的相關資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45226 +#: book.translate.xml:45612 msgid "" "To join these lists, go to http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo, click " @@ -67617,7 +68167,7 @@ "listinfo/svn-src-all\">svn-src-all 郵遞論壇。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45234 +#: book.translate.xml:45620 msgid "" "Synchronize with the FreeBSD-CURRENT sources. Typically, svn is used to check out the -CURRENT code from the headhead 分支中取出 -CURRENT 的程式碼。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45242 +#: book.translate.xml:45628 msgid "" "Due to the size of the repository, some users choose to only synchronize the " "sections of source that interest them or which they are contributing patches " @@ -67642,12 +68192,12 @@ "的 FreeBSD-CURRENT，不可只有選擇的部份。" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45250 +#: book.translate.xml:45636 msgid "-CURRENT compiling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45249 +#: book.translate.xml:45635 msgid "" "Before compiling FreeBSD-CURRENT <_:indexterm-1/>, read /usr/src/" "Makefile very carefully and follow the instructions in 來了解升級的相關資訊，有時會含有升級下一個發行版的必要資訊。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45264 +#: book.translate.xml:45650 msgid "" "Be active! FreeBSD-CURRENT users are encouraged to submit their suggestions " "for enhancements or bug fixes. Suggestions with accompanying code are always " @@ -67674,12 +68224,13 @@ "議。 如果您在建議時能附上相關程式碼的話， 那真是太棒了！" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:45274 +#. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#updating-src +#: book.translate.xml:45660 msgid "Updating FreeBSD from Source" msgstr "從原始碼更新 FreeBSD" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45276 +#: book.translate.xml:45662 msgid "" "Updating FreeBSD by compiling from source offers several advantages over " "binary updates. Code can be built with options to take advantage of specific " @@ -67694,7 +68245,7 @@ "時許多，但能夠完整自訂一個量身定做版本的 FreeBSD。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45288 +#: book.translate.xml:45674 msgid "" "This is a quick reference for the typical steps used to update FreeBSD by " "building from source. Later sections describe the process in more detail." @@ -67703,12 +68254,12 @@ "這個程序。" #. (itstool) path: step/title -#: book.translate.xml:45294 +#: book.translate.xml:45680 msgid "Update and Build" msgstr "更新並編譯" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45296 +#: book.translate.xml:45682 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# svn update /usr/src \n" @@ -67724,7 +68275,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45309 +#: book.translate.xml:45695 msgid "" "Get the latest version of the source. See for more information on obtaining and updating source." @@ -67733,70 +68284,60 @@ "來了解更多取得與更新原始碼的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45316 +#: book.translate.xml:45702 msgid "" -"Any manual steps required before or after building from source are shown in " -"/usr/src/UPDATING." +"Check /usr/src/UPDATING for any manual steps required " +"before or after building from source." msgstr "" -"從原始碼編譯之前與之後任何需要手動操作步驟會在 /usr/src/UPDATING 中有說明。" +"檢查 /usr/src/UPDATING 看是否有任後在原始碼編譯之前或之" +"後需要手動操作的步驟。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45322 book.translate.xml:45342 +#: book.translate.xml:45708 book.translate.xml:45727 msgid "Go to the source directory." msgstr "前往原始碼目錄。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45326 +#: book.translate.xml:45712 msgid "Compile the world, everything except the kernel." msgstr "編譯世界 (World)，即除了核心 (Kernel) 外的所有東西。" -#. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:45333 book.translate.xml:45549 book.translate.xml:45615 -msgid "buildkernel" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:45334 -msgid "installkernel" -msgstr "" - #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45331 +#: book.translate.xml:45717 msgid "" -"Compile and install the kernel. This is equivalent to <_:buildtarget-1/> <_:" -"buildtarget-2/>." +"Compile and install the kernel. This is equivalent to make " +"buildkernel installkernel." msgstr "" -"編譯並安裝核心，此動作等同於同時做 <_:buildtarget-1/> <_:buildtarget-2/>。" +"編譯並安裝核心，此動作等同於 make buildkernel installkernel。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45338 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:45723 msgid "Reboot the system to the new kernel." -msgstr "重新啟動系統以使用新編譯好的世界與核心。" +msgstr "重新啟動系統以使用新的核心。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45346 +#: book.translate.xml:45731 msgid "Install the world." msgstr "安裝世界。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45350 +#: book.translate.xml:45735 msgid "Update and merge configuration files in /etc/." msgstr "更新與合併在 /etc/ 中的設定檔案。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45355 +#: book.translate.xml:45740 msgid "Restart the system to use the newly-built world and kernel." msgstr "重新啟動系統以使用新編譯好的世界與核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:45364 +#: book.translate.xml:45749 msgid "Preparing for a Source Update" msgstr "準備原始碼更新" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45366 +#: book.translate.xml:45751 msgid "" "Read /usr/src/UPDATING. Any manual steps that must be " "performed before or after an update are described in this file." @@ -67805,12 +68346,12 @@ "動操作步驟會在此檔案中說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:45372 +#: book.translate.xml:45757 msgid "Updating the Source" msgstr "更新原始碼" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45374 +#: book.translate.xml:45759 msgid "" "FreeBSD source code is located in /usr/src/. The " "preferred method of updating this source is through the " @@ -67822,7 +68363,7 @@ "始碼已在版本控制系統的管控下可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45380 +#: book.translate.xml:45765 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# svn info /usr/src\n" @@ -67832,7 +68373,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45385 +#: book.translate.xml:45770 msgid "" "This indicates that /usr/src/ is under version control " "and can be updated with svn# svn update /usr/src" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45391 +#: book.translate.xml:45776 msgid "" "The update process can take some time if the directory has not been updated " "recently. After it finishes, the source code is up to date and the build " @@ -67860,12 +68401,12 @@ "始碼便為最新版本，並可開始依下一章節的說明來編譯程序。" #. (itstool) path: note/title -#: book.translate.xml:45397 +#: book.translate.xml:45782 msgid "Obtaining the Source" msgstr "取得原始碼" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45399 +#: book.translate.xml:45784 msgid "" "If the output says '/usr/src' is not a working copy, the " "files there are missing or were installed with a different method. A new " @@ -67875,50 +68416,49 @@ "檔案或原始碼是採用其他方式安裝，若是如此，便需重新取出 (checkout) 原始碼。" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:45405 +#: book.translate.xml:45790 msgid "FreeBSD Versions and Repository Paths" msgstr "FreeBSD 版本與檔案庫路徑" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45410 +#: book.translate.xml:45795 msgid "uname -r Output" msgstr "uname -r 的輸出結果" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45411 +#: book.translate.xml:45796 msgid "Repository Path" msgstr "檔案庫路徑" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45418 +#: book.translate.xml:45803 msgid "X.Y-RELEASE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45419 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:45804 msgid "base/releng/X.Y" -msgstr "ada 或 ad" +msgstr "base/releng/X.Y" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45420 +#: book.translate.xml:45805 msgid "" "The Release version plus only critical security and bug fix patches. This " "branch is recommended for most users." msgstr "發佈版本加上關鍵的安全性與錯誤修正，較建議大多數使用者使用這個分支。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45426 +#: book.translate.xml:45811 msgid "X.Y-STABLE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45427 +#: book.translate.xml:45812 msgid "base/stable/X" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:45429 +#: book.translate.xml:45814 msgid "" "The Release version plus all additional development on that branch. " "STABLE refers to the Applications Binary Interface " @@ -67932,7 +68472,7 @@ "FreeBSD 10.1 可執行的軟體在編譯完 FreeBSD 10-STABLE 之後仍可以執行。" #. (itstool) path: entry/para -#: book.translate.xml:45439 +#: book.translate.xml:45824 msgid "" "STABLE branches occasionally have bugs or incompatibilities which might " "affect users, although these are typically fixed quickly." @@ -67941,17 +68481,17 @@ "的被修正。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45446 +#: book.translate.xml:45831 msgid "X-CURRENT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45447 +#: book.translate.xml:45832 msgid "base/head/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:45448 +#: book.translate.xml:45833 msgid "" "The latest unreleased development version of FreeBSD. The CURRENT branch can " "have major bugs or incompatibilities and is recommended only for advanced " @@ -67961,7 +68501,7 @@ "建議進階的使用者使用。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45457 +#: book.translate.xml:45842 msgid "" "Determine which version of FreeBSD is being used with " "uname11：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45460 +#: book.translate.xml:45845 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# uname -r\n" @@ -67979,8 +68519,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:45463 -#, fuzzy +#: book.translate.xml:45848 msgid "" "Based on , the source " "used to update 10.3-RELEASE has a repository path of " @@ -67989,10 +68528,10 @@ msgstr "" "根據 ，要更新 " "10.3-RELEASE 需使用的原始碼檔案庫路徑為 base/" -"releng/10，在取出 (checkout) 原始碼時便要使用這個路徑：" +"releng/10.3，在取出 (checkout) 原始碼時便要使用這個路徑：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45469 +#: book.translate.xml:45854 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mv /usr/src /usr/src.bak \n" @@ -68000,7 +68539,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45474 +#: book.translate.xml:45859 msgid "" "Move the old directory out of the way. If there are no local modifications " "in this directory, it can be deleted." @@ -68009,7 +68548,7 @@ "錄。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:45480 +#: book.translate.xml:45865 msgid "" "The path from is " "added to the repository URL. The third parameter is the " @@ -68020,13 +68559,12 @@ "錄。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:45491 +#: book.translate.xml:45876 msgid "Building from Source" msgstr "從原始碼編譯" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#makeworld -#: book.translate.xml:45493 +#: book.translate.xml:45878 msgid "" "The world, or all of the operating system except the " "kernel, is compiled. This is done first to provide up-to-date tools to build " @@ -68037,7 +68575,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45498 book.translate.xml:65320 +#: book.translate.xml:45883 book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -68046,29 +68584,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45502 +#: book.translate.xml:45887 msgid "The compiled code is written to /usr/obj." msgstr "編譯完的程式會寫入至 /usr/obj。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45505 +#: book.translate.xml:45890 msgid "" "These are the basic steps. Additional options to control the build are " "described below." msgstr "以上這些均為基本的步驟，用來控制編譯的其他選項在以下章節會說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:45509 +#: book.translate.xml:45894 msgid "Performing a Clean Build" msgstr "執行清除編譯" #. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget -#: book.translate.xml:45516 +#: book.translate.xml:45901 msgid "cleanworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45511 +#: book.translate.xml:45896 msgid "" "Some versions of the FreeBSD build system leave previously-compiled code in " "the temporary object directory, /usr/obj. This can " @@ -68081,18 +68619,18 @@ "強制重新編譯所有東西可在開始編譯前使用 <_:buildtarget-1/>：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45519 +#: book.translate.xml:45904 #, no-wrap msgid "# make cleanworld" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:45523 +#: book.translate.xml:45908 msgid "Setting the Number of Jobs" msgstr "設定工作數量" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45525 +#: book.translate.xml:45910 msgid "" "Increasing the number of build jobs on multi-core processors can improve " "build speed. Determine the number of cores with sysctl hw.ncpu# make -j4 buildworld buildkernel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:45545 +#: book.translate.xml:45930 msgid "Building Only the Kernel" msgstr "只編譯核心" +#. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget +#: book.translate.xml:45934 book.translate.xml:46000 +msgid "buildkernel" +msgstr "" + #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45547 +#: book.translate.xml:45932 msgid "" "A <_:buildtarget-1/> must be completed if the source code has changed. After " "that, a <_:buildtarget-2/> to build a kernel can be run at any time. To " @@ -68140,7 +68683,7 @@ "buildtarget-2/> 來編譯核心，若要只編譯核心可：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45552 +#: book.translate.xml:45937 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -68148,12 +68691,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:45557 +#: book.translate.xml:45942 msgid "Building a Custom Kernel" msgstr "編譯自訂核心" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45559 +#: book.translate.xml:45944 msgid "" "The standard FreeBSD kernel is based on a kernel config file called GENERIC. The GENERICRAM could remove unneeded device drivers or " @@ -68177,7 +68720,7 @@ "除不需要的裝置驅動程式或選項來縮小核心。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45573 +#: book.translate.xml:45958 msgid "" "Kernel config files are located in /usr/src/sys/arch/conf/, where arch is the " @@ -68192,7 +68735,7 @@ "filename>。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:45581 +#: book.translate.xml:45966 msgid "" "/usr/src can be deleted or recreated, so it is " "preferable to keep custom kernel config files in a separate directory, like " @@ -68206,7 +68749,7 @@ "心設定的連結。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45590 +#: book.translate.xml:45975 msgid "" "A custom config file can be created by copying the GENERIC config file. In this example, the new custom kernel is for a " @@ -68216,7 +68759,7 @@ "自訂核心要用在儲存伺服器，所以將其命名為 STORAGESERVER：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45595 +#: book.translate.xml:45980 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cp /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf/GENERIC /root/STORAGESERVER\n" @@ -68225,7 +68768,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45599 +#: book.translate.xml:45984 msgid "" "/root/STORAGESERVER is then edited, adding or removing " "devices or options as shown in config。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45603 +#: book.translate.xml:45988 msgid "" "The custom kernel is built by setting KERNCONF to the " "kernel config file on the command line:" @@ -68244,18 +68787,18 @@ "自訂核心要在指令列設定 KERNCONF 為核心設定檔來編譯：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45607 +#: book.translate.xml:45992 #, no-wrap msgid "# make buildkernel KERNCONF=STORAGESERVER" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:45612 +#: book.translate.xml:45997 msgid "Installing the Compiled Code" msgstr "安裝編譯好的程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45614 +#: book.translate.xml:45999 msgid "" "After the <_:buildtarget-1/> and <_:buildtarget-2/> steps have been " "completed, the new kernel and world are installed:" @@ -68264,7 +68807,7 @@ "心與世界：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45618 +#: book.translate.xml:46003 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -68276,7 +68819,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45625 +#: book.translate.xml:46010 msgid "" "If a custom kernel was built, KERNCONF must also be set " "to use the new custom kernel:" @@ -68284,7 +68827,7 @@ "若使用自訂核心，則同樣須設定 KERNCONF 來使用新的自訂核心：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45628 +#: book.translate.xml:46013 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src\n" @@ -68296,12 +68839,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:45637 +#: book.translate.xml:46022 msgid "Completing the Update" msgstr "完成更新" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:45639 +#: book.translate.xml:46024 msgid "" "A few final tasks complete the update. Any modified configuration files are " "merged with the new versions, outdated libraries are located and removed, " @@ -68311,7 +68854,7 @@ "移除找到的過時程式庫，然後重新啟動系統。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:45645 +#: book.translate.xml:46030 msgid "" "Merging Configuration Files with mergemaster8" @@ -68320,7 +68863,7 @@ "manvolnum> 合併設定檔案" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45648 +#: book.translate.xml:46033 msgid "" "mergemaster8 provides an easy way to merge changes that have " @@ -68330,7 +68873,7 @@ "manvolnum> 可簡單的將修改過的系統設定檔與新版設定檔合併。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45652 +#: book.translate.xml:46037 msgid "" "With , mergemaster8 automatically updates " @@ -68342,13 +68885,13 @@ "者修改過的設定檔並安裝尚不存在的檔案：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45656 +#: book.translate.xml:46041 #, no-wrap msgid "# mergemaster -Ui" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45658 +#: book.translate.xml:46043 msgid "" "If a file must be manually merged, an interactive display allows the user to " "choose which portions of the files are kept. See " @@ -68360,58 +68903,58 @@ "manvolnum> 取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:45665 +#: book.translate.xml:46050 msgid "Checking for Outdated Files and Libraries" msgstr "檢查過時的檔案與程式庫" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45667 +#: book.translate.xml:46052 msgid "" "Some obsolete files or directories can remain after an update. These files " "can be located:" msgstr "部份廢棄的檔案或目錄可以在更新之後保留，可使用以下指令找出這些檔案：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45670 +#: book.translate.xml:46055 #, no-wrap msgid "# make check-old" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45672 +#: book.translate.xml:46057 msgid "and deleted:" msgstr "並用以下指令刪除：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45674 +#: book.translate.xml:46059 #, no-wrap msgid "# make delete-old" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45676 +#: book.translate.xml:46061 msgid "Some obsolete libraries can also remain. These can be detected with:" msgstr "部份廢棄的程式庫也可以保留下來，可使用以下指令來偵測這些程式庫：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45679 +#: book.translate.xml:46064 #, no-wrap msgid "# make check-old-libs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45681 +#: book.translate.xml:46066 msgid "and deleted with" msgstr "並使用以下指令刪除" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45683 +#: book.translate.xml:46068 #, no-wrap msgid "# make delete-old-libs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45685 +#: book.translate.xml:46070 msgid "" "Programs which were still using those old libraries will stop working when " "the library has been deleted. These programs must be rebuilt or replaced " @@ -68421,7 +68964,7 @@ "舊程式庫之後重新編譯或更換。" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:45691 +#: book.translate.xml:46076 msgid "" "When all the old files or directories are known to be safe to delete, " "pressing y and Enter to delete each file " @@ -68433,36 +68976,36 @@ "BATCH_DELETE_OLD_FILES，例如：" #. (itstool) path: tip/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45697 +#: book.translate.xml:46082 #, no-wrap msgid "# make BATCH_DELETE_OLD_FILES=yes delete-old-libs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:45702 +#: book.translate.xml:46087 msgid "Restarting After the Update" msgstr "更新後重新啟動" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:45704 +#: book.translate.xml:46089 msgid "" "The last step after updating is to restart the computer so all the changes " "take effect:" msgstr "更新之後的最後一個步驟便是重新啟動電腦，來讓所有的變更生效：" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:45714 +#: book.translate.xml:46099 msgid "Tracking for Multiple Machines" msgstr "多部機器追蹤" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45727 +#: book.translate.xml:46112 msgid "" "NFS installing multiple machines" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45732 +#: book.translate.xml:46117 msgid "" "When multiple machines need to track the same source tree, it is a waste of " "disk space, network bandwidth, and CPU cycles to have " @@ -68480,7 +69023,7 @@ ">。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45741 +#: book.translate.xml:46126 msgid "" "First, identify a set of machines which will run the same set of binaries, " "known as a build set. Each machine can have a custom " @@ -68498,7 +69041,7 @@ "buildworld 與 make buildkernel 的主機。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45751 +#: book.translate.xml:46136 msgid "" "Select a machine to be the test machine, which will " "test software updates before they are put into production. This " @@ -68510,7 +69053,7 @@ "服務停止一段時間的主機，它也可是同時是建置主機，但不是一定要。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45757 +#: book.translate.xml:46142 msgid "" "All the machines in this build set need to mount /usr/obj and /usr/src from the build machine via " @@ -68524,7 +69067,7 @@ "使用 NFS 掛載。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45763 +#: book.translate.xml:46148 msgid "" "Ensure that /etc/make.conf and /etc/src.conf on all the machines in the build set agree with the build machine. " @@ -68546,7 +69089,7 @@ "usr/src/sys/arch/conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45775 +#: book.translate.xml:46160 msgid "" "On the build machine, build the kernel and world as described in , but do not install anything on the build machine. " @@ -68565,7 +69108,7 @@ "command>。完成之後，重新開機回到正常的多使用者模式運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45786 +#: book.translate.xml:46171 msgid "" "After verifying that everything on the test machine is working properly, use " "the same procedure to install the new software on each of the other machines " @@ -68575,7 +69118,7 @@ "在建置集中的其他主機。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45790 +#: book.translate.xml:46175 msgid "" "The same methodology can be used for the ports tree. The first step is to " "share /usr/ports via NFS to all the " @@ -68599,22 +69142,22 @@ "PACKAGES 到一個類似 DISTDIR 的目錄。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:45823 +#: book.translate.xml:46208 msgid "DTrace" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45834 +#: book.translate.xml:46219 msgid "DTrace" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:45835 +#: book.translate.xml:46220 msgid "DTrace support DTrace" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45840 +#: book.translate.xml:46225 msgid "" "DTrace, also known as Dynamic Tracing, was developed by Sun as a tool for locating performance bottlenecks in production and " @@ -68624,7 +69167,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45847 +#: book.translate.xml:46232 msgid "" "DTrace is a remarkable profiling tool, with an impressive array of features " "for diagnosing system issues. It may also be used to run pre-written scripts " @@ -68634,7 +69177,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45854 +#: book.translate.xml:46239 msgid "" "The FreeBSD implementation provides full support for kernel DTrace and " "experimental support for userland DTrace. Userland DTrace allows users to " @@ -68648,36 +69191,36 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45866 +#: book.translate.xml:46251 msgid "" "The official guide to DTrace is maintained by the Illumos project at DTrace Guide." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45874 +#: book.translate.xml:46259 msgid "What DTrace is and what features it provides." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45878 +#: book.translate.xml:46263 msgid "" "Differences between the Solaris DTrace implementation " "and the one provided by FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:45883 +#: book.translate.xml:46268 msgid "How to enable and use DTrace on FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:45903 +#: book.translate.xml:46288 msgid "Implementation Differences" msgstr "實作差異" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45905 +#: book.translate.xml:46290 msgid "" "While the DTrace in FreeBSD is similar to that found in Solaris, differences do exist. The primary difference is that in FreeBSD, " @@ -68686,20 +69229,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:45911 +#: book.translate.xml:46296 #, no-wrap msgid "# kldload dtraceall" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45913 +#: book.translate.xml:46298 msgid "" "Beginning with FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE, the modules are automatically loaded " "when dtrace is run." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45917 +#: book.translate.xml:46302 msgid "" "FreeBSD uses the DDB_CTF kernel option to enable support " "for loading CTF data from kernel modules and the kernel " @@ -68715,7 +69258,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45931 +#: book.translate.xml:46316 msgid "" "Some different providers exist for FreeBSD than for Solaris. Most notable is the dtmalloc provider, which " @@ -68730,7 +69273,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45943 +#: book.translate.xml:46328 msgid "" "Due to security differences, only root may use DTrace on FreeBSD. Solaris has a " @@ -68740,7 +69283,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45949 +#: book.translate.xml:46334 msgid "" "DTrace falls under the Common Development and Distribution License " "(CDDL) license. To view this license on FreeBSD, see " @@ -68753,12 +69296,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:45961 +#: book.translate.xml:46346 msgid "Enabling DTrace Support" msgstr "開啟 DTrace 支援" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45963 +#: book.translate.xml:46348 msgid "" "In FreeBSD 9.2 and 10.0, DTrace support is built into the GENERIC kernel. Users of earlier versions of FreeBSD or who prefer to " @@ -68768,7 +69311,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:45969 +#: book.translate.xml:46354 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options KDTRACE_HOOKS\n" @@ -68778,18 +69321,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45974 +#: book.translate.xml:46359 msgid "Users of the AMD64 architecture should also add this line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:45977 +#: book.translate.xml:46362 #, no-wrap msgid "options KDTRACE_FRAME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45979 +#: book.translate.xml:46364 msgid "" "This option provides support for FBT. While DTrace will " "work without this option, there will be limited support for function " @@ -68797,7 +69340,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45983 +#: book.translate.xml:46368 msgid "" "Once the FreeBSD system has rebooted into the new kernel, or the DTrace " "kernel modules have been loaded using kldload dtraceall, " @@ -68809,7 +69352,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:45993 +#: book.translate.xml:46378 msgid "" "Finally, install the current DTrace Toolkit, a collection of ready-made " "scripts for collecting system information. There are scripts to check open " @@ -68820,7 +69363,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:46006 +#: book.translate.xml:46391 msgid "" "The scripts found in /usr/share/dtrace have been " "specifically ported to FreeBSD. Not all of the scripts found in the DTrace " @@ -68829,7 +69372,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46013 +#: book.translate.xml:46398 msgid "" "The DTrace Toolkit includes many scripts in the special language of DTrace. " "This language is called the D language and it is very similar to C++. An in " @@ -68840,12 +69383,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:46021 +#: book.translate.xml:46406 msgid "Using DTrace" msgstr "使用 DTrace" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46023 +#: book.translate.xml:46408 msgid "" "DTrace scripts consist of a list of one or more probes, or instrumentation points, where each probe is associated with " @@ -68858,19 +69401,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46034 +#: book.translate.xml:46419 msgid "" "To view all probes, the administrator can execute the following command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46037 +#: book.translate.xml:46422 #, no-wrap msgid "# dtrace -l | more" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46039 +#: book.translate.xml:46424 msgid "" "Each probe has an ID, a PROVIDER " "(dtrace or fbt), a MODULE, and a FUNCTION NAMEhotkernelhotkernel script is designed to identify which " "function is using the most kernel time. It will produce output similar to " @@ -68896,7 +69439,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46055 +#: book.translate.xml:46440 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/share/dtrace/toolkit\n" @@ -68905,7 +69448,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46059 +#: book.translate.xml:46444 msgid "" "As instructed, use the CtrlC key combination to stop the process. " @@ -68914,7 +69457,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46066 +#: book.translate.xml:46451 #, no-wrap msgid "" "kernel`_thread_lock_flags 2 0.0%\n" @@ -68946,14 +69489,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46097 +#: book.translate.xml:46482 msgid "" "This script will also work with kernel modules. To use this feature, run the " "script with :" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46100 +#: book.translate.xml:46485 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ./hotkernel -m\n" @@ -68975,7 +69518,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46121 +#: book.translate.xml:46506 msgid "" "The procsystime script captures and prints the system " "call time usage for a given process ID (PID# ./procsystime -n csh\n" @@ -69018,7 +69561,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46157 +#: book.translate.xml:46542 msgid "" "As shown, the read() system call used the most time in " "nanoseconds while the getpid() system call used the " @@ -69026,12 +69569,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: part/title -#: book.translate.xml:46167 +#: book.translate.xml:46552 msgid "Network Communication" msgstr "網路通訊" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:46170 +#: book.translate.xml:46555 msgid "" "FreeBSD is one of the most widely deployed operating systems for high " "performance network servers. The chapters in this part cover:" @@ -69039,39 +69582,39 @@ "FreeBSD 是一種廣泛的被使用在高效能的網路伺服器中的作業系統，這些章節包含了：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46176 +#: book.translate.xml:46561 msgid "Serial communication" msgstr "序列通訊" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46180 +#: book.translate.xml:46565 msgid "PPP and PPP over Ethernet" msgstr "PPP 和在乙太網路使用 PPP" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:46185 book.translate.xml:50075 +#: book.translate.xml:46570 book.translate.xml:50460 msgid "Electronic Mail" msgstr "電子郵件" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46189 +#: book.translate.xml:46574 msgid "Running Network Servers" msgstr "執行網路伺服器" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:46193 book.translate.xml:57699 +#: book.translate.xml:46578 book.translate.xml:58082 msgid "Firewalls" msgstr "防火牆" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46197 +#: book.translate.xml:46582 msgid "Other Advanced Networking Topics" msgstr "其他的進階網路主題" #. (itstool) path: partintro/para -#: book.translate.xml:46201 +#: book.translate.xml:46586 msgid "" "These chapters are designed to be read when the information is needed. They " "do not need to be read in any particular order, nor is it necessary to read " @@ -69081,17 +69624,17 @@ "要將這些章節全部讀過之後才將 FreeBSD 用在網路環境下。" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:46214 +#: book.translate.xml:46599 msgid "Serial Communications" msgstr "序列通訊" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:46219 +#: book.translate.xml:46604 msgid "serial communications" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46221 +#: book.translate.xml:46606 msgid "" "UNIX has always had support for " "serial communications as the very first configure and install a custom " "kernel." msgstr "了解如何 設定並安裝自訂核心。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46254 +#: book.translate.xml:46639 msgid "" "Understand FreeBSD permissions and processes." msgstr "了解 FreeBSD 的權限與程序。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46258 +#: book.translate.xml:46643 msgid "" "Have access to the technical manual for the serial hardware to be used with " "FreeBSD." msgstr "能夠取得要在 FreeBSD 使用的序列硬體的技術手冊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:46265 +#: book.translate.xml:46650 msgid "Serial Terminology and Hardware" msgstr "序列術語與硬體" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46267 +#: book.translate.xml:46652 msgid "The following terms are often used in serial communications:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:46271 +#: book.translate.xml:46656 msgid "bps" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:46274 +#: book.translate.xml:46659 msgid "bits-per-second" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46273 +#: book.translate.xml:46658 msgid "" "Bits per Second<_:indexterm-1/> (bps) is the rate at " "which data is transmitted." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:46281 +#: book.translate.xml:46666 msgid "DTE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:46284 +#: book.translate.xml:46669 msgid "DTE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46283 +#: book.translate.xml:46668 msgid "" "Data Terminal Equipment<_:indexterm-1/> (DTE) is one of " "two endpoints in a serial communication. An example would be a computer." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:46292 +#: book.translate.xml:46677 msgid "DCE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:46295 +#: book.translate.xml:46680 msgid "DCE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46294 +#: book.translate.xml:46679 msgid "" "Data Communications Equipment<_:indexterm-1/> (DTE) is " "the other endpoint in a serial communication. Typically, it is a modem or " @@ -69209,19 +69752,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:46303 +#: book.translate.xml:46688 msgid "RS-232" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46305 +#: book.translate.xml:46690 msgid "" "The original standard which defined hardware serial communications. It has " "since been renamed to TIA-232." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46312 +#: book.translate.xml:46697 msgid "" "When referring to communication data rates, this section does not use the " "term baud. Baud refers to the number of electrical " @@ -69230,7 +69773,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46318 +#: book.translate.xml:46703 msgid "" "To connect a serial terminal to a FreeBSD system, a serial port on the " "computer and the proper cable to connect to the serial device are needed. " @@ -69239,12 +69782,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:46324 +#: book.translate.xml:46709 msgid "Serial Cables and Ports" msgstr "序列線與埠" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46326 +#: book.translate.xml:46711 msgid "" "There are several different kinds of serial cables. The two most common " "types are null-modem cables and standard RS-232 cables. " @@ -69253,7 +69796,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46331 +#: book.translate.xml:46716 msgid "" "These two types of cables differ in how the wires are connected to the " "connector. Each wire represents a signal, with the defined signals " @@ -69266,7 +69809,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46341 +#: book.translate.xml:46726 msgid "" "A null-modem cable switches the Transmitted Data pin of the " "connector on one end with the Received Data pin on the other " @@ -69275,7 +69818,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46347 +#: book.translate.xml:46732 msgid "" "A null-modem cable can be constructed using the pin connections summarized " "in , , " @@ -69288,154 +69831,154 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm #. (itstool) path: step/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:46356 book.translate.xml:48033 +#: book.translate.xml:46741 book.translate.xml:48418 msgid "null-modem cable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:46361 +#: book.translate.xml:46746 msgid "RS-232C Signal Names" msgstr "RS-232C 信號名稱" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46366 +#: book.translate.xml:46751 msgid "Acronyms" msgstr "縮寫" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46367 +#: book.translate.xml:46752 msgid "Names" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46373 +#: book.translate.xml:46758 msgid "RD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm -#: book.translate.xml:46374 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:46759 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Received Data" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46378 +#: book.translate.xml:46763 msgid "TD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm -#: book.translate.xml:46379 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:46764 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Transmitted Data" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46383 +#: book.translate.xml:46768 msgid "DTR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm -#: book.translate.xml:46384 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:46769 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Data Terminal Ready" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46388 +#: book.translate.xml:46773 msgid "DSR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm -#: book.translate.xml:46389 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:46774 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Data Set Ready" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46393 +#: book.translate.xml:46778 msgid "DCD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46394 +#: book.translate.xml:46779 msgid "Data Carrier Detect" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46398 +#: book.translate.xml:46783 msgid "SG" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm -#: book.translate.xml:46399 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:46784 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Signal Ground" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46403 +#: book.translate.xml:46788 msgid "RTS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46404 +#: book.translate.xml:46789 msgid "Request to Send" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46408 +#: book.translate.xml:46793 msgid "CTS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46409 +#: book.translate.xml:46794 msgid "Clear to Send" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:46416 +#: book.translate.xml:46801 msgid "DB-25 to DB-25 Null-Modem Cable" msgstr "DB-25 對 DB-25 Null-Modem 線" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46421 book.translate.xml:46425 book.translate.xml:46511 -#: book.translate.xml:46515 book.translate.xml:46601 book.translate.xml:46605 +#: book.translate.xml:46806 book.translate.xml:46810 book.translate.xml:46896 +#: book.translate.xml:46900 book.translate.xml:46986 book.translate.xml:46990 msgid "Signal" msgstr "信號" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46422 book.translate.xml:46424 book.translate.xml:46512 -#: book.translate.xml:46514 book.translate.xml:46602 book.translate.xml:46604 +#: book.translate.xml:46807 book.translate.xml:46809 book.translate.xml:46897 +#: book.translate.xml:46899 book.translate.xml:46987 book.translate.xml:46989 msgid "Pin #" msgstr "針腳 #" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm #. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym -#: book.translate.xml:46431 book.translate.xml:46435 book.translate.xml:46553 -#: book.translate.xml:46557 book.translate.xml:46643 book.translate.xml:46647 +#: book.translate.xml:46816 book.translate.xml:46820 book.translate.xml:46938 +#: book.translate.xml:46942 book.translate.xml:47028 book.translate.xml:47032 #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "SG" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46433 book.translate.xml:46441 book.translate.xml:46449 -#: book.translate.xml:46457 book.translate.xml:46465 book.translate.xml:46473 -#: book.translate.xml:46481 book.translate.xml:46489 book.translate.xml:46497 -#: book.translate.xml:46523 book.translate.xml:46531 book.translate.xml:46539 -#: book.translate.xml:46547 book.translate.xml:46555 book.translate.xml:46563 -#: book.translate.xml:46571 book.translate.xml:46579 book.translate.xml:46587 -#: book.translate.xml:46613 book.translate.xml:46621 book.translate.xml:46629 -#: book.translate.xml:46637 book.translate.xml:46645 book.translate.xml:46653 -#: book.translate.xml:46661 book.translate.xml:46669 book.translate.xml:46677 +#: book.translate.xml:46818 book.translate.xml:46826 book.translate.xml:46834 +#: book.translate.xml:46842 book.translate.xml:46850 book.translate.xml:46858 +#: book.translate.xml:46866 book.translate.xml:46874 book.translate.xml:46882 +#: book.translate.xml:46908 book.translate.xml:46916 book.translate.xml:46924 +#: book.translate.xml:46932 book.translate.xml:46940 book.translate.xml:46948 +#: book.translate.xml:46956 book.translate.xml:46964 book.translate.xml:46972 +#: book.translate.xml:46998 book.translate.xml:47006 book.translate.xml:47014 +#: book.translate.xml:47022 book.translate.xml:47030 book.translate.xml:47038 +#: book.translate.xml:47046 book.translate.xml:47054 book.translate.xml:47062 msgid "connects to" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm #. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym -#: book.translate.xml:46439 book.translate.xml:46451 book.translate.xml:46525 -#: book.translate.xml:46529 book.translate.xml:46615 book.translate.xml:46619 +#: book.translate.xml:46824 book.translate.xml:46836 book.translate.xml:46910 +#: book.translate.xml:46914 book.translate.xml:47000 book.translate.xml:47004 #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "TD" msgstr "" @@ -69443,8 +69986,8 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm #. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym -#: book.translate.xml:46443 book.translate.xml:46447 book.translate.xml:46521 -#: book.translate.xml:46533 book.translate.xml:46611 book.translate.xml:46623 +#: book.translate.xml:46828 book.translate.xml:46832 book.translate.xml:46906 +#: book.translate.xml:46918 book.translate.xml:46996 book.translate.xml:47008 #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "RD" msgstr "" @@ -69452,8 +69995,8 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm #. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym -#: book.translate.xml:46455 book.translate.xml:46467 book.translate.xml:46577 -#: book.translate.xml:46589 book.translate.xml:46667 book.translate.xml:46679 +#: book.translate.xml:46840 book.translate.xml:46852 book.translate.xml:46962 +#: book.translate.xml:46974 book.translate.xml:47052 book.translate.xml:47064 #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "RTS" msgstr "" @@ -69461,8 +70004,8 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm #. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym -#: book.translate.xml:46459 book.translate.xml:46463 book.translate.xml:46581 -#: book.translate.xml:46585 book.translate.xml:46671 book.translate.xml:46675 +#: book.translate.xml:46844 book.translate.xml:46848 book.translate.xml:46966 +#: book.translate.xml:46970 book.translate.xml:47056 book.translate.xml:47060 #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "CTS" msgstr "" @@ -69470,53 +70013,53 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm #. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym -#: book.translate.xml:46471 book.translate.xml:46479 book.translate.xml:46491 -#: book.translate.xml:46499 book.translate.xml:46537 book.translate.xml:46545 -#: book.translate.xml:46565 book.translate.xml:46573 book.translate.xml:46627 -#: book.translate.xml:46635 book.translate.xml:46655 book.translate.xml:46663 +#: book.translate.xml:46856 book.translate.xml:46864 book.translate.xml:46876 +#: book.translate.xml:46884 book.translate.xml:46922 book.translate.xml:46930 +#: book.translate.xml:46950 book.translate.xml:46958 book.translate.xml:47012 +#: book.translate.xml:47020 book.translate.xml:47040 book.translate.xml:47048 #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "DTR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46472 book.translate.xml:46480 book.translate.xml:46490 -#: book.translate.xml:46498 book.translate.xml:46654 book.translate.xml:46662 +#: book.translate.xml:46857 book.translate.xml:46865 book.translate.xml:46875 +#: book.translate.xml:46883 book.translate.xml:47039 book.translate.xml:47047 msgid "20" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossentry/glossterm #. (itstool) path: glossentry/acronym -#: book.translate.xml:46475 book.translate.xml:46487 book.translate.xml:46541 -#: book.translate.xml:46561 book.translate.xml:46631 book.translate.xml:46651 +#: book.translate.xml:46860 book.translate.xml:46872 book.translate.xml:46926 +#: book.translate.xml:46946 book.translate.xml:47016 book.translate.xml:47036 #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "DSR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46482 book.translate.xml:46496 book.translate.xml:46580 -#: book.translate.xml:46586 book.translate.xml:46638 book.translate.xml:46676 +#: book.translate.xml:46867 book.translate.xml:46881 book.translate.xml:46965 +#: book.translate.xml:46971 book.translate.xml:47023 book.translate.xml:47061 msgid "8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:46483 book.translate.xml:46495 book.translate.xml:46549 -#: book.translate.xml:46569 book.translate.xml:46639 book.translate.xml:46659 +#: book.translate.xml:46868 book.translate.xml:46880 book.translate.xml:46934 +#: book.translate.xml:46954 book.translate.xml:47024 book.translate.xml:47044 msgid "DCD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:46506 +#: book.translate.xml:46891 msgid "DB-9 to DB-9 Null-Modem Cable" msgstr "DB-9 對 DB-9 Null-Modem 線" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:46596 +#: book.translate.xml:46981 msgid "DB-9 to DB-25 Null-Modem Cable" msgstr "DB-9 對 DB-25 Null-Modem 線" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:46686 +#: book.translate.xml:47071 msgid "" "When one pin at one end connects to a pair of pins at the other end, it is " "usually implemented with one short wire between the pair of pins in their " @@ -69524,7 +70067,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46692 +#: book.translate.xml:47077 msgid "" "Serial ports are the devices through which data is transferred between the " "FreeBSD host computer and the terminal. Several kinds of serial ports exist. " @@ -69533,7 +70076,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46698 +#: book.translate.xml:47083 msgid "" "Most terminals have DB-25 ports. Personal computers may " "have DB-25 or DB-9 ports. A multiport " @@ -69543,14 +70086,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46706 +#: book.translate.xml:47091 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, each serial port is accessed through an entry in /dev. There are two different kinds of entries:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46712 +#: book.translate.xml:47097 msgid "" "Call-in ports are named /dev/ttyuN where N is the port number, starting " @@ -69564,7 +70107,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46727 +#: book.translate.xml:47112 msgid "" "Call-out ports are named /dev/cuauN on FreeBSD versions 8.X and higher and /dev/" @@ -69575,7 +70118,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46739 +#: book.translate.xml:47124 msgid "" "FreeBSD also provides initialization devices (/dev/" "ttyuN.init and /dev/" @@ -69598,12 +70141,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:46763 +#: book.translate.xml:47148 msgid "Serial Port Configuration" msgstr "序列埠設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46765 +#: book.translate.xml:47150 msgid "" "By default, FreeBSD supports four serial ports which are commonly known as " "COM1, COM2, COM3uart:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46778 +#: book.translate.xml:47163 #, no-wrap msgid "# grep uart /var/run/dmesg.boot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46780 +#: book.translate.xml:47165 msgid "" "If the system does not recognize all of the needed serial ports, additional " "entries can be added to /boot/device.hints. This file " @@ -69642,17 +70185,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:46793 +#: book.translate.xml:47178 msgid "ttyu" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:46794 +#: book.translate.xml:47179 msgid "cuau" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46796 +#: book.translate.xml:47181 msgid "" "To determine the default set of terminal I/O settings " "used by the port, specify its device name. This example determines the " @@ -69660,13 +70203,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46801 +#: book.translate.xml:47186 #, no-wrap msgid "# stty -a -f /dev/ttyu1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46803 +#: book.translate.xml:47188 msgid "" "System-wide initialization of serial devices is controlled by /etc/" "rc.d/serial. This file affects the default settings of serial " @@ -69680,20 +70223,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46815 +#: book.translate.xml:47200 #, no-wrap msgid "# stty -f /dev/ttyu5.init clocal cs8 ixon ixoff" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:46817 book.translate.xml:47402 +#: book.translate.xml:47202 book.translate.xml:47787 msgid "" "rc files rc.serial" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46822 +#: book.translate.xml:47207 msgid "" "To prevent certain settings from being changed by an application, make " "adjustments to the locking device. For example, to lock the speed of " @@ -69701,32 +70244,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:46827 +#: book.translate.xml:47212 #, no-wrap msgid "# stty -f /dev/ttyu5.lock 57600" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46829 +#: book.translate.xml:47214 msgid "" "Now, any application that opens ttyu5 and tries to " "change the speed of the port will be stuck with 57600 bps." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:46837 +#: book.translate.xml:47222 msgid "Terminals" msgstr "終端機" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:46840 +#: book.translate.xml:47225 msgid "" " Sean Kelly Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46852 +#: book.translate.xml:47237 msgid "" "Terminals provide a convenient and low-cost way to access a FreeBSD system " "when not at the computer's console or on a connected network. This section " @@ -69734,7 +70277,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46857 +#: book.translate.xml:47242 msgid "" "The original UNIX systems did " "not have consoles. Instead, users logged in and ran programs through " @@ -69742,7 +70285,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46861 +#: book.translate.xml:47246 msgid "" "The ability to establish a login session on a serial port still exists in " "nearly every UNIX-like operating " @@ -69752,7 +70295,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46868 +#: book.translate.xml:47253 msgid "" "Many terminals can be attached to a FreeBSD system. An older spare computer " "can be used as a terminal wired into a more powerful computer running " @@ -69761,17 +70304,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:46874 +#: book.translate.xml:47259 msgid "FreeBSD supports three types of terminals:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:46878 +#: book.translate.xml:47263 msgid "Dumb terminals" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46880 +#: book.translate.xml:47265 msgid "" "Dumb terminals are specialized hardware that connect to computers over " "serial lines. They are called dumb because they have only " @@ -69781,7 +70324,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46888 +#: book.translate.xml:47273 msgid "" "There are hundreds of kinds of dumb terminals made by many manufacturers, " "and just about any kind will work with FreeBSD. Some high-end terminals can " @@ -69790,19 +70333,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46894 +#: book.translate.xml:47279 msgid "" "Dumb terminals are popular in work environments where workers do not need " "access to graphical applications." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:46901 +#: book.translate.xml:47286 msgid "Computers Acting as Terminals" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46903 +#: book.translate.xml:47288 msgid "" "Since a dumb terminal has just enough ability to display, send, and receive " "text, any spare computer can be a dumb terminal. All that is needed is the " @@ -69811,7 +70354,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46909 +#: book.translate.xml:47294 msgid "" "This configuration can be useful. For example, if one user is busy working " "at the FreeBSD system's console, another user can do some text-only work at " @@ -69820,7 +70363,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46915 +#: book.translate.xml:47300 msgid "" "There are at least two utilities in the base-system of FreeBSD that can be " "used to work through a serial connection: cu# cu -l serial-port-device" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46924 +#: book.translate.xml:47309 msgid "" "Replace serial-port-device with the device name " "of the connected serial port. These device files are called /dev/" @@ -69856,19 +70399,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46937 +#: book.translate.xml:47322 msgid "" "Additional programs are available through the Ports Collection, such as " "comms/minicom." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:46944 +#: book.translate.xml:47329 msgid "X Terminals" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46946 +#: book.translate.xml:47331 msgid "" "X terminals are the most sophisticated kind of terminal available. Instead " "of connecting to a serial port, they usually connect to a network like " @@ -69877,18 +70420,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:46953 +#: book.translate.xml:47338 msgid "" "This chapter does not cover the setup, configuration, or use of X terminals." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:46960 +#: book.translate.xml:47345 msgid "Terminal Configuration" msgstr "終端機設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46962 +#: book.translate.xml:47347 msgid "" "This section describes how to configure a FreeBSD system to enable a login " "session on a serial terminal. It assumes that the system recognizes the " @@ -69897,7 +70440,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46968 +#: book.translate.xml:47353 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, init reads /etc/ttys and " "starts a getty process on the available terminals. The " @@ -69913,7 +70456,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:46984 +#: book.translate.xml:47369 msgid "" "The default /etc/ttys configures support for the first " "four serial ports, ttyu0 through ttyu3on configures two terminals in /etc/" "ttys. The first entry configures a Wyse-50 connected to " @@ -69952,12 +70495,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:47010 +#: book.translate.xml:47395 msgid "Configuring Terminal Entries" msgstr "設定終端機項目" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47012 +#: book.translate.xml:47397 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ttyu1 \"/usr/libexec/getty std.38400\" wy50 on insecure\n" @@ -69965,12 +70508,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47017 +#: book.translate.xml:47402 msgid "The first field specifies the device name of the serial terminal." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47022 +#: book.translate.xml:47407 msgid "" "The second field tells getty to initialize and open the " "line, set the line speed, prompt for a user name, and then execute the " @@ -69986,7 +70529,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47038 +#: book.translate.xml:47423 msgid "" "When setting the getty type, make sure to match the communications settings " "used by the terminal. For this example, the Wyse-50 uses no parity and " @@ -69994,7 +70537,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47046 +#: book.translate.xml:47431 msgid "" "The third field is the type of terminal. For dial-up ports, " "unknown or dialup is typically used " @@ -70006,14 +70549,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47060 +#: book.translate.xml:47445 msgid "" "The fourth field specifies if the port should be enabled. To enable logins " "on this port, this field must be set to on." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:47066 +#: book.translate.xml:47451 msgid "" "The final field is used to specify whether the port is secure. Marking a " "port as secure means that it is trusted enough to allow " @@ -70027,7 +70570,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47080 +#: book.translate.xml:47465 msgid "" "After making any changes to /etc/ttys, send a SIGHUP " "(hangup) signal to the init process to force it to re-" @@ -70035,20 +70578,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47085 book.translate.xml:47400 +#: book.translate.xml:47470 book.translate.xml:47785 #, no-wrap msgid "# kill -HUP 1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47087 +#: book.translate.xml:47472 msgid "" "Since init is always the first process run on a system, " "it always has a process ID of 1." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47091 +#: book.translate.xml:47476 msgid "" "If everything is set up correctly, all cables are in place, and the " "terminals are powered up, a getty process should now be " @@ -70057,12 +70600,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47099 +#: book.translate.xml:47484 msgid "Troubleshooting the Connection" msgstr "連線疑難排解" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47101 +#: book.translate.xml:47486 msgid "" "Even with the most meticulous attention to detail, something could still go " "wrong while setting up a terminal. Here is a list of common symptoms and " @@ -70070,7 +70613,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47106 +#: book.translate.xml:47491 msgid "" "If no login prompt appears, make sure the terminal is plugged in and powered " "up. If it is a personal computer acting as a terminal, make sure it is " @@ -70078,14 +70621,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47111 +#: book.translate.xml:47496 msgid "" "Make sure the cable is connected firmly to both the terminal and the FreeBSD " "computer. Make sure it is the right kind of cable." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47115 +#: book.translate.xml:47500 msgid "" "Make sure the terminal and FreeBSD agree on the bps rate " "and parity settings. For a video display terminal, make sure the contrast " @@ -70094,7 +70637,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47121 +#: book.translate.xml:47506 msgid "" "Use ps to make sure that a getty " "process is running and serving the terminal. For example, the following " @@ -70104,7 +70647,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47129 +#: book.translate.xml:47514 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ps -axww|grep ttyu\n" @@ -70112,7 +70655,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47132 +#: book.translate.xml:47517 msgid "" "If no getty process is running, make sure the port is " "enabled in /etc/ttys. Remember to run kill -" @@ -70120,7 +70663,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47137 +#: book.translate.xml:47522 msgid "" "If the getty process is running but the terminal still " "does not display a login prompt, or if it displays a prompt but will not " @@ -70135,7 +70678,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47151 +#: book.translate.xml:47536 msgid "" "If garbage appears instead of a login prompt, make sure the terminal and " "FreeBSD agree on the bps rate and parity settings. Check " @@ -70145,7 +70688,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47159 +#: book.translate.xml:47544 msgid "" "If characters appear doubled and the password appears when typed, switch the " "terminal, or the terminal emulation software, from half duplex Guy Helmer Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:47181 +#: book.translate.xml:47566 msgid "" " Sean Kelly Additions by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47191 +#: book.translate.xml:47576 msgid "dial-in service" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47193 +#: book.translate.xml:47578 msgid "" "Configuring a FreeBSD system for dial-in service is similar to configuring " "terminals, except that modems are used instead of terminal devices. FreeBSD " @@ -70185,7 +70728,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47198 +#: book.translate.xml:47583 msgid "" "External modems are more convenient because they often can be configured via " "parameters stored in non-volatile RAM and they usually " @@ -70195,7 +70738,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47205 +#: book.translate.xml:47590 msgid "" "Internal modems usually lack non-volatile RAM, so their " "configuration may be limited to setting DIP switches. If " @@ -70204,19 +70747,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47211 +#: book.translate.xml:47596 msgid "modem" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47213 +#: book.translate.xml:47598 msgid "" "When using an external modem, a proper cable is needed. A standard " "RS-232C serial cable should suffice." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47217 +#: book.translate.xml:47602 msgid "" "FreeBSD needs the RTS and CTS signals " "for flow control at speeds above 2400 bps, the CD signal " @@ -70229,7 +70772,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47227 +#: book.translate.xml:47612 msgid "" "Like other UNIX-like operating " "systems, FreeBSD uses the hardware signals to find out when a call has been " @@ -70239,7 +70782,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47233 +#: book.translate.xml:47618 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports the NS8250, NS16450, " "NS16550, and NS16550A-based " @@ -70255,7 +70798,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47248 +#: book.translate.xml:47633 msgid "" "The rest of this section demonstrates how to configure a modem to receive " "incoming connections, how to communicate with the modem, and offers some " @@ -70263,17 +70806,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47253 +#: book.translate.xml:47638 msgid "Modem Configuration" msgstr "數據機設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47255 +#: book.translate.xml:47640 msgid "getty" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47256 +#: book.translate.xml:47641 msgid "" "As with terminals, init spawns a getty " "process for each configured serial port used for dial-in connections. When a " @@ -70291,12 +70834,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47273 +#: book.translate.xml:47658 msgid "/usr/bin/login" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47277 +#: book.translate.xml:47662 msgid "" "There are two schools of thought regarding dial-up modems. One configuration " "method is to set the modems and systems so that no matter at what speed a " @@ -70309,7 +70852,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47289 +#: book.translate.xml:47674 msgid "" "The second method is to configure the RS-232 interface to " "vary its speed based on the remote user's connection speed. Because " @@ -70327,7 +70870,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47307 +#: book.translate.xml:47692 msgid "" "When locking a modem's data communications rate at a particular speed, no " "changes to /etc/gettytab should be needed. However, for " @@ -70344,7 +70887,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47324 +#: book.translate.xml:47709 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#\n" @@ -70363,14 +70906,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47338 +#: book.translate.xml:47723 msgid "" "For a 28.8 Kbps modem, or to take advantage of compression on a 14.4 Kbps " "modem, use a higher communications rate, as seen in this example:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47342 +#: book.translate.xml:47727 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#\n" @@ -70390,7 +70933,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47357 +#: book.translate.xml:47742 msgid "" "For a slow CPU or a heavily loaded system without 16550A-" "based serial ports, this configuration may produce sio/etc/ttys" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47366 +#: book.translate.xml:47751 msgid "" "The configuration of /etc/ttys is similar to , but a different argument is passed to " @@ -70413,13 +70956,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47373 +#: book.translate.xml:47758 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyu0 \"/usr/libexec/getty xxx\" dialup on" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47375 +#: book.translate.xml:47760 msgid "" "The dialup terminal type can be changed. For example, " "setting vt102 as the default terminal type allows users " @@ -70427,7 +70970,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47381 +#: book.translate.xml:47766 msgid "" "For a locked-speed configuration, specify the speed with a valid type listed " "in /etc/gettytab. This example is for a modem whose " @@ -70435,13 +70978,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47386 +#: book.translate.xml:47771 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyu0 \"/usr/libexec/getty std.19200\" dialup on" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47388 +#: book.translate.xml:47773 msgid "" "In a matching-speed configuration, the entry needs to reference the " "appropriate beginning auto-baud entry in /etc/" @@ -70450,20 +70993,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47394 +#: book.translate.xml:47779 #, no-wrap msgid "ttyu0 \"/usr/libexec/getty V19200\" dialup on" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47396 +#: book.translate.xml:47781 msgid "" "After editing /etc/ttys, wait until the modem is " "properly configured and connected before signaling init:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47407 +#: book.translate.xml:47792 msgid "" "High-speed modems, like V.32, V.32bis, " "and V.34 modems, use hardware (RTS/CTS# stty -f /dev/ttyu1.init crtscts\n" @@ -70482,14 +71025,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47570 +#: book.translate.xml:47955 msgid "" "This section provides a few tips for troubleshooting a dial-up modem that " "will not connect to a FreeBSD system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47573 +#: book.translate.xml:47958 msgid "" "Hook up the modem to the FreeBSD system and boot the system. If the modem " "has status indication lights, watch to see whether the modem's DTRDTR indicator does not light, login to the FreeBSD " "system through the console and type ps ax to see if " @@ -70508,13 +71051,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47587 +#: book.translate.xml:47972 #, no-wrap msgid " 114 ?? I 0:00.10 /usr/libexec/getty V19200 ttyu0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47589 +#: book.translate.xml:47974 msgid "" "If the second column contains a d0 instead of a " "?? and the modem has not accepted a call yet, this means " @@ -70526,7 +71069,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47598 +#: book.translate.xml:47983 msgid "" "If no getty processes are waiting to open the port, " "double-check that the entry for the port is correct in /etc/ttyslogin: prompt, check /etc/" "gettytab again and double-check that:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47620 +#: book.translate.xml:48005 msgid "" "The initial capability name specified in the entry in /etc/ttys matches the name of a capability in /etc/gettytabnx= entry matches another gettytab capability name." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:47631 +#: book.translate.xml:48016 msgid "" "Each tc= entry matches another gettytab capability name." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47636 +#: book.translate.xml:48021 msgid "" "If the modem on the FreeBSD system will not answer, make sure that the modem " "is configured to answer the phone when DTR is asserted. " @@ -70585,7 +71128,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47643 +#: book.translate.xml:48028 msgid "" "If it still does not work, try sending an email to the FreeBSD " @@ -70593,17 +71136,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:47650 +#: book.translate.xml:48035 msgid "Dial-out Service" msgstr "撥出服務" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47652 +#: book.translate.xml:48037 msgid "dial-out service" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47654 +#: book.translate.xml:48039 msgid "" "The following are tips for getting the host to connect over the modem to " "another computer. This is appropriate for establishing a terminal session " @@ -70611,7 +71154,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47658 +#: book.translate.xml:48043 msgid "" "This kind of connection can be helpful to get a file on the Internet if " "there are problems using PPP. If PPP is not working, use the terminal " @@ -70620,19 +71163,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47664 +#: book.translate.xml:48049 msgid "Using a Stock Hayes Modem" msgstr "使用 Stock Hayes 數據機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47666 +#: book.translate.xml:48051 msgid "" "A generic Hayes dialer is built into tip. Use " "at=hayes in /etc/remote." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47670 +#: book.translate.xml:48055 msgid "" "The Hayes driver is not smart enough to recognize some of the advanced " "features of newer modems messages like BUSY, NO " @@ -70642,7 +71185,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47677 +#: book.translate.xml:48062 msgid "" "The dial timeout for tip is 60 seconds. The modem should " "use something less, or else tip will think there is a " @@ -70650,17 +71193,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47684 +#: book.translate.xml:48069 msgid "Using AT Commands" msgstr "使用 AT 指令" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47686 +#: book.translate.xml:48071 msgid "/etc/remote" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47689 +#: book.translate.xml:48074 msgid "" "Create a direct entry in /etc/remote. " "For example, if the modem is hooked up to the first serial port, /" @@ -70668,13 +71211,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47695 +#: book.translate.xml:48080 #, no-wrap msgid "cuau0:dv=/dev/cuau0:br#19200:pa=none" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47697 +#: book.translate.xml:48082 msgid "" "Use the highest bps rate the modem supports in the " "br capability. Then, type tip cuau0 to " @@ -70682,20 +71225,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47701 +#: book.translate.xml:48086 msgid "" "Or, use cu as root with the following command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47704 +#: book.translate.xml:48089 #, no-wrap msgid "# cu -lline -sspeed" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47706 +#: book.translate.xml:48091 msgid "" "line is the serial port, such as /dev/" "cuau0, and speed is the speed, such as " @@ -70704,12 +71247,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47714 +#: book.translate.xml:48099 msgid "The @ Sign Does Not Work" msgstr "@ 符號無法運作" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47716 +#: book.translate.xml:48101 msgid "" "The @ sign in the phone number capability tells " "tip to look in /etc/phones for a " @@ -70719,25 +71262,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47723 +#: book.translate.xml:48108 #, no-wrap msgid "pn=\\@" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47727 +#: book.translate.xml:48112 msgid "Dialing from the Command Line" msgstr "從指令列撥號" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47729 +#: book.translate.xml:48114 msgid "" "Put a generic entry in /etc/remote. For " "example:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47732 +#: book.translate.xml:48117 #, no-wrap msgid "" "tip115200|Dial any phone number at 115200 bps:\\\n" @@ -70747,25 +71290,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47737 +#: book.translate.xml:48122 msgid "This should now work:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47739 +#: book.translate.xml:48124 #, no-wrap msgid "# tip -115200 5551234" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47741 +#: book.translate.xml:48126 msgid "" "Users who prefer cu over tip, can use " "a generic cu entry:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47745 +#: book.translate.xml:48130 #, no-wrap msgid "" "cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\\\n" @@ -70773,23 +71316,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47748 +#: book.translate.xml:48133 msgid "and type:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47750 +#: book.translate.xml:48135 #, no-wrap msgid "# cu 5551234 -s 115200" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47754 +#: book.translate.xml:48139 msgid "Setting the bps Rate" msgstr "設定 bps 率" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47756 +#: book.translate.xml:48141 msgid "" "Put in an entry for tip1200 or cu1200, " "but go ahead and use whatever bps rate is appropriate " @@ -70799,12 +71342,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47766 +#: book.translate.xml:48151 msgid "Accessing a Number of Hosts Through a Terminal Server" msgstr "透過終端伺服器存取多個主機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47769 +#: book.translate.xml:48154 msgid "" "Rather than waiting until connected and typing CONNECT " "host each time, use tiptip" msgstr "在 tip 使用超過一行" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47792 +#: book.translate.xml:48177 msgid "" "This is often a problem where a university has several modem lines and " "several thousand students trying to use them." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47796 +#: book.translate.xml:48181 msgid "" "Make an entry in /etc/remote and use @ for the pn capability:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47800 +#: book.translate.xml:48185 #, no-wrap msgid "" "big-university:\\\n" @@ -70857,12 +71400,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47805 +#: book.translate.xml:48190 msgid "Then, list the phone numbers in /etc/phones:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47808 +#: book.translate.xml:48193 #, no-wrap msgid "" "big-university 5551111\n" @@ -70872,7 +71415,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47813 +#: book.translate.xml:48198 msgid "" "tip will try each number in the listed order, then give " "up. To keep retrying, run tip in a while Ctrl P is the default force character, used to tell " @@ -70895,7 +71438,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47831 +#: book.translate.xml:48216 msgid "" "Type ~sforce=single-char " "followed by a newline. single-char is any single " @@ -70909,25 +71452,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47852 +#: book.translate.xml:48237 msgid "" "To change the force character, specify the following in ~/.tiprc:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47855 +#: book.translate.xml:48240 #, no-wrap msgid "force=single-char" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47859 +#: book.translate.xml:48244 msgid "Upper Case Characters" msgstr "大寫字元" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47861 +#: book.translate.xml:48246 msgid "" "This happens when Ctrl " "A is pressed, which is tip's " @@ -70938,7 +71481,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47872 +#: book.translate.xml:48257 msgid "" "Here is a sample ~/.tiprc for Emacs users who need to type " @@ -70947,7 +71490,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:47882 +#: book.translate.xml:48267 #, no-wrap msgid "" "force=^^\n" @@ -70955,19 +71498,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47885 +#: book.translate.xml:48270 msgid "" "The ^^ is ShiftCtrl6 ." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47893 +#: book.translate.xml:48278 msgid "File Transfers with tip" msgstr "使用 tip 傳輸檔案" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47895 +#: book.translate.xml:48280 msgid "" "When talking to another UNIX-" "like operating system, files can be sent and received using ~p~p local-file remote-file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/cmdsynopsis -#: book.translate.xml:47907 +#: book.translate.xml:48292 msgid "" "~t remote-file local-file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47913 +#: book.translate.xml:48298 msgid "" "There is no error checking, so another protocol, like zmodem, should " "probably be used." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47918 +#: book.translate.xml:48303 msgid "Using zmodem with tip?" msgstr "在 zmodem 使用 tip?" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47921 +#: book.translate.xml:48306 msgid "" "To receive files, start the sending program on the remote end. Then, type " "~C rz to begin receiving them locally." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47925 +#: book.translate.xml:48310 msgid "" "To send files, start the receiving program on the remote end. Then, type " "~C sz files to send them to " @@ -71018,31 +71561,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:47934 +#: book.translate.xml:48319 msgid "Setting Up the Serial Console" msgstr "設定序列 Console" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:47937 +#: book.translate.xml:48322 msgid "" " Kazutaka YOKOTA Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:47947 +#: book.translate.xml:48332 msgid "" " Bill Paul Based on a document by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:47957 +#: book.translate.xml:48342 msgid "serial console" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47959 +#: book.translate.xml:48344 msgid "" "FreeBSD has the ability to boot a system with a dumb terminal on a serial " "port as a console. This configuration is useful for system administrators " @@ -71051,7 +71594,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47966 +#: book.translate.xml:48351 msgid "" "As described in , FreeBSD employs a three stage " "bootstrap. The first two stages are in the boot block code which is stored " @@ -71060,19 +71603,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:47972 +#: book.translate.xml:48357 msgid "" "In order to set up booting from a serial console, the boot block code, the " "boot loader code, and the kernel need to be configured." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:47977 +#: book.translate.xml:48362 msgid "Quick Serial Console Configuration" msgstr "快速序列 Console 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:47979 +#: book.translate.xml:48364 msgid "" "This section provides a fast overview of setting up the serial console. This " "procedure can be used when the dumb terminal is connected to COM1COM1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:47988 +#: book.translate.xml:48373 msgid "" "Connect the serial cable to COM1 and the controlling " "terminal." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:47994 +#: book.translate.xml:48379 msgid "" "To configure boot messages to display on the serial console, issue the " "following command as the superuser:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:47998 +#: book.translate.xml:48383 #, no-wrap msgid "# echo 'console=\"comconsole\"' >> /boot/loader.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48002 +#: book.translate.xml:48387 msgid "" "Edit /etc/ttys and change off to " "on and dialup to vt100 for a discussion on serial " @@ -71157,12 +71700,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48041 +#: book.translate.xml:48426 msgid "Unplug the keyboard." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48043 +#: book.translate.xml:48428 msgid "" "Many systems probe for the keyboard during the Power-On Self-Test " "(POST) and will generate an error if the keyboard is not " @@ -71170,14 +71713,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48049 +#: book.translate.xml:48434 msgid "" "If the computer complains about the error, but boots anyway, no further " "configuration is needed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48052 +#: book.translate.xml:48437 msgid "" "If the computer refuses to boot without a keyboard attached, configure the " "BIOS so that it ignores this error. Consult the " @@ -71185,7 +71728,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:48058 +#: book.translate.xml:48443 msgid "" "Try setting the keyboard to Not installed in the " "BIOS. This setting tells the BIOS not " @@ -71197,7 +71740,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48069 +#: book.translate.xml:48454 msgid "" "If the system has a PS/2 mouse, " "unplug it as well. PS/2 mice " @@ -71206,7 +71749,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48075 +#: book.translate.xml:48460 msgid "" "While most systems will boot without a keyboard, quite a few will not boot " "without a graphics adapter. Some systems can be configured to boot with no " @@ -71219,7 +71762,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48090 +#: book.translate.xml:48475 msgid "" "Plug a dumb terminal, an old computer with a modem program, or the serial " "port on another UNIX box into " @@ -71227,7 +71770,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48096 +#: book.translate.xml:48481 msgid "" "Add the appropriate hint.sio.* entries to /boot/" "device.hints for the serial port. Some multi-port cards also " @@ -71238,14 +71781,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48105 +#: book.translate.xml:48490 msgid "" "Create boot.config in the root directory of the " "a partition on the boot drive." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48109 +#: book.translate.xml:48494 msgid "" "This file instructs the boot block code how to boot the system. In order to " "activate the serial console, one or more of the following options are " @@ -71254,12 +71797,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48117 book.translate.xml:48226 +#: book.translate.xml:48502 book.translate.xml:48611 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48120 +#: book.translate.xml:48505 msgid "" "Toggles between the internal and serial consoles. Use this to switch console " "devices. For instance, to boot from the internal (video) console, use " @@ -71271,12 +71814,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48133 book.translate.xml:48231 +#: book.translate.xml:48518 book.translate.xml:48616 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48136 +#: book.translate.xml:48521 msgid "" "Toggles between the single and dual console configurations. In the single " "configuration, the console will be either the internal console (video " @@ -71289,19 +71832,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48154 +#: book.translate.xml:48539 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48157 +#: book.translate.xml:48542 msgid "" "Makes the boot block probe the keyboard. If no keyboard is found, the " " and options are automatically set." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48163 +#: book.translate.xml:48548 msgid "" "Due to space constraints in the current version of the boot blocks, is capable of detecting extended keyboards only. Keyboards with " @@ -71311,7 +71854,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48176 +#: book.translate.xml:48561 msgid "" "Use either to select the console automatically or " " to activate the serial console. Refer to " @@ -71321,7 +71864,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48181 +#: book.translate.xml:48566 msgid "" "The options, except for , are passed to the boot loader. " "The boot loader will determine whether the internal video or the serial port " @@ -71333,19 +71876,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48194 +#: book.translate.xml:48579 msgid "Boot the machine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48196 +#: book.translate.xml:48581 msgid "" "When FreeBSD starts, the boot blocks echo the contents of /boot." "config to the console. For example:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:48200 +#: book.translate.xml:48585 #, no-wrap msgid "" "/boot.config: -P\n" @@ -71353,7 +71896,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48203 +#: book.translate.xml:48588 msgid "" "The second line appears only if is in /boot." "config and indicates the presence or absence of the keyboard. " @@ -71362,52 +71905,52 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48214 +#: book.translate.xml:48599 msgid "Options" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48215 +#: book.translate.xml:48600 msgid "Message goes to" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48221 +#: book.translate.xml:48606 msgid "none" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48222 book.translate.xml:48242 +#: book.translate.xml:48607 book.translate.xml:48627 msgid "internal console" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48227 book.translate.xml:48247 +#: book.translate.xml:48612 book.translate.xml:48632 msgid "serial console" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48232 book.translate.xml:48237 +#: book.translate.xml:48617 book.translate.xml:48622 msgid "serial and internal consoles" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48236 +#: book.translate.xml:48621 msgid "" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48241 +#: book.translate.xml:48626 msgid ", keyboard present" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:48246 +#: book.translate.xml:48631 msgid ", keyboard absent" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48253 +#: book.translate.xml:48638 msgid "" "After the message, there will be a small pause before the boot blocks " "continue loading the boot loader and before any further messages are printed " @@ -71417,7 +71960,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48260 +#: book.translate.xml:48645 msgid "" "Press any key, other than Enter, at the console to " "interrupt the boot process. The boot blocks will then prompt for further " @@ -71425,7 +71968,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:48268 +#: book.translate.xml:48653 msgid "" "Verify that the above message appears on either the serial or internal " "console, or both, according to the options in /boot.config-h then Enter or " @@ -71444,7 +71987,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48285 +#: book.translate.xml:48670 msgid "" "During the third stage of the boot process, one can still switch between the " "internal console and the serial console by setting appropriate environment " @@ -71453,7 +71996,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48292 +#: book.translate.xml:48677 msgid "" "This line in /boot/loader.conf or /boot/" "loader.conf.local configures the boot loader and the kernel to " @@ -71462,13 +72005,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48298 +#: book.translate.xml:48683 #, no-wrap msgid "console=\"comconsole\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48300 +#: book.translate.xml:48685 msgid "" "That line should be the first line of /boot/loader.conf " "so that boot messages are displayed on the serial console as early as " @@ -71476,7 +72019,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48305 +#: book.translate.xml:48690 msgid "" "If that line does not exist, or if it is set to console=\"vidconsole" "\", the boot loader and the kernel will use whichever console is " @@ -71486,7 +72029,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48311 +#: book.translate.xml:48696 msgid "" "At the moment, the boot loader has no option equivalent to . Replace " "115200 with the speed to use." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48372 +#: book.translate.xml:48757 #, no-wrap msgid "" "boot_multicons=\"YES\"\n" @@ -71577,12 +72120,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48381 +#: book.translate.xml:48766 msgid "Entering the DDB Debugger from the Serial Line" msgstr "從序列線路 (Serial Line) 進入 DDB 除錯程式" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48383 +#: book.translate.xml:48768 msgid "" "To configure the ability to drop into the kernel debugger from the serial " "console, add the following options to a custom kernel configuration file and " @@ -71596,7 +72139,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48392 +#: book.translate.xml:48777 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options BREAK_TO_DEBUGGER\n" @@ -71604,18 +72147,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:48417 +#: book.translate.xml:48802 msgid "PPP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#ppp-ppp -#: book.translate.xml:48422 book.translate.xml:48449 +#: book.translate.xml:48807 book.translate.xml:48834 msgid "PPP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48426 +#: book.translate.xml:48811 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports the Point-to-Point (PPP) protocol which " "can be used to establish a network or Internet connection using a dial-up " @@ -71627,13 +72170,13 @@ "為基礎的通訊服務。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48435 +#: book.translate.xml:48820 msgid "" "How to configure, use, and troubleshoot a PPP connection." msgstr "如何設定、使用 PPP 連線及排除問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48439 +#: book.translate.xml:48824 msgid "" "How to set up PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)." @@ -71642,7 +72185,7 @@ "acronym>)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48443 +#: book.translate.xml:48828 msgid "" "How to set up PPP over ATM " "(PPPoA)." @@ -71651,31 +72194,31 @@ "(PPPoA)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:48452 book.translate.xml:49713 +#: book.translate.xml:48837 book.translate.xml:50098 msgid "" "PPP over Ethernet" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48461 book.translate.xml:61474 +#: book.translate.xml:48846 book.translate.xml:61857 msgid "Be familiar with basic network terminology." msgstr "熟悉基本網路術語。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48464 +#: book.translate.xml:48849 msgid "" "Understand the basics and purpose of a dial-up connection and PPP." msgstr "了解撥號連線及 PPP 的基礎及目的。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:48505 +#: book.translate.xml:48890 msgid "Configuring PPP" msgstr "設定 PPP" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48507 +#: book.translate.xml:48892 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides built-in support for managing dial-up PPP connections using pppPPP connection, the following items are " "needed:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48521 +#: book.translate.xml:48906 msgid "" "A dial-up account with an Internet Service Provider (ISP)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48526 +#: book.translate.xml:48911 msgid "A dial-up modem." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48530 +#: book.translate.xml:48915 msgid "The dial-up number for the ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48535 +#: book.translate.xml:48920 msgid "The login name and password assigned by the ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48540 +#: book.translate.xml:48925 msgid "" "The IP address of one or more DNS " "servers. Normally, the ISP provides these addresses. If " @@ -71725,21 +72268,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48548 +#: book.translate.xml:48933 msgid "" "If any of the required information is missing, contact the ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48551 +#: book.translate.xml:48936 msgid "" "The following information may be supplied by the ISP, but " "is not necessary:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48556 +#: book.translate.xml:48941 msgid "" "The IP address of the default gateway. If this " "information is unknown, the ISP will automatically " @@ -71749,7 +72292,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48565 +#: book.translate.xml:48950 msgid "" "The subnet mask. If the ISP has not provided one, " "255.255.255.255 will be used in " @@ -71759,12 +72302,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/indexterm #. (itstool) id: book.translate.xml#ppp-static-ip -#: book.translate.xml:48571 +#: book.translate.xml:48956 msgid "static IP address" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48575 +#: book.translate.xml:48960 msgid "" "If the ISP has assigned a static IP " "address and hostname, it should be input into the configuration file. " @@ -71773,7 +72316,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:48583 +#: book.translate.xml:48968 msgid "" "The rest of this section demonstrates how to configure FreeBSD for common " "PPP connection scenarios. The required configuration file " @@ -71782,7 +72325,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48591 +#: book.translate.xml:48976 msgid "" "Throughout this section, many of the file examples display line numbers. " "These line numbers have been added to make it easier to follow the " @@ -71790,7 +72333,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:48596 +#: book.translate.xml:48981 msgid "" "When editing a configuration file, proper indentation is important. Lines " "that end in a : start in the first column (beginning of " @@ -71799,19 +72342,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:48603 book.translate.xml:50964 +#: book.translate.xml:48988 book.translate.xml:51349 msgid "Basic Configuration" msgstr "基礎設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:48605 +#: book.translate.xml:48990 msgid "" "PPP with static IP " "addresses" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:48611 +#: book.translate.xml:48996 msgid "" "In order to configure a PPP connection, first edit " "/etc/ppp/ppp.conf with the dial-in information for the " @@ -71819,7 +72362,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48616 +#: book.translate.xml:49001 #, no-wrap msgid "" "1 default:\n" @@ -71842,12 +72385,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48636 +#: book.translate.xml:49021 msgid "Line 1:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48639 +#: book.translate.xml:49024 msgid "" "Identifies the default entry. Commands in this entry " "(lines 2 through 9) are executed automatically when ppp " @@ -71855,30 +72398,30 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48647 +#: book.translate.xml:49032 msgid "Line 2:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48650 +#: book.translate.xml:49035 msgid "" "Enables verbose logging parameters for testing the connection. Once the " "configuration is working satisfactorily, this line should be reduced to:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:48655 +#: book.translate.xml:49040 #, no-wrap msgid "set log phase tun" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48661 +#: book.translate.xml:49046 msgid "Line 3:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48664 +#: book.translate.xml:49049 msgid "" "Displays the version of ppp8 to the PPPCOM1 is /dev/cuau0 and COM2 " @@ -71899,24 +72442,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48683 +#: book.translate.xml:49068 msgid "Line 5:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48686 +#: book.translate.xml:49071 msgid "" "Sets the connection speed. If 115200 does not work on an " "older modem, try 38400 instead." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48693 +#: book.translate.xml:49078 msgid "Lines 6 & 7:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48696 +#: book.translate.xml:49081 msgid "" "The dial string written as an expect-send syntax. Refer to " "chat8ppp.conf may do this if the last character " @@ -71932,22 +72475,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48709 +#: book.translate.xml:49094 msgid "Line 8:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48712 +#: book.translate.xml:49097 msgid "Sets the idle timeout for the link in seconds." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48718 +#: book.translate.xml:49103 msgid "Line 9:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48721 +#: book.translate.xml:49106 msgid "" "Instructs the peer to confirm the DNS settings. If the " "local network is running its own DNS server, this line " @@ -71956,12 +72499,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:48731 +#: book.translate.xml:49116 msgid "Line 10:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:48734 +#: book.translate.xml:49119 msgid "" "A blank line for readability. Blank lines are ignored by " "ppp8provider. This could be " "changed to the name of the ISP so that HomeConnect ADSL Modem Dual Link" @@ -73286,14 +73829,14 @@ "\"registered\">HomeConnect ADSL Modem Dual Link 使用 PPPoE" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:49793 +#: book.translate.xml:50178 msgid "" "This modem does not follow the PPPoE specification defined in RFC 2516." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:49797 +#: book.translate.xml:50182 msgid "" "In order to make FreeBSD capable of communicating with this device, a sysctl " "must be set. This can be done automatically at boot time by updating " @@ -73301,24 +73844,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:49802 +#: book.translate.xml:50187 #, no-wrap msgid "net.graph.nonstandard_pppoe=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:49804 +#: book.translate.xml:50189 msgid "or can be done immediately with the command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:49806 +#: book.translate.xml:50191 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl net.graph.nonstandard_pppoe=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:49808 +#: book.translate.xml:50193 msgid "" "Unfortunately, because this is a system-wide setting, it is not possible to " "talk to a normal PPPoE client or server and a PPP over ATM (PPPoA)" msgstr "在 ATM 使用 PPP (PPPoA)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:49819 +#: book.translate.xml:50204 msgid "" "PPP over ATM" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:49824 +#: book.translate.xml:50209 msgid "PPPoA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:49828 +#: book.translate.xml:50213 msgid "" "The following describes how to set up PPP over ATM " "(PPPoA). PPPoA is a popular choice among European DSL providers." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:49885 +#: book.translate.xml:50270 msgid "Using mpd" msgstr "使用 mpd" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:49887 +#: book.translate.xml:50272 msgid "" "The mpd application can be used to connect to a " "variety of services, in particular PPTP services. It can be installed using " @@ -73366,7 +73909,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:49894 +#: book.translate.xml:50279 msgid "" "Once installed, configure mpd to suit the " "provider's settings. The port places a set of sample configuration files " @@ -73379,14 +73922,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:49906 +#: book.translate.xml:50291 msgid "" "This example mpd.conf only works with mpd 4.x." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:49910 +#: book.translate.xml:50295 #, no-wrap msgid "" "default:\n" @@ -73415,17 +73958,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:49936 +#: book.translate.xml:50321 msgid "The username used to authenticate with your ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:49940 +#: book.translate.xml:50325 msgid "The password used to authenticate with your ISP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:49945 +#: book.translate.xml:50330 msgid "" "Information about the link, or links, to establish is found in mpd." "links. An example mpd.links to accompany the " @@ -73433,7 +73976,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:49950 +#: book.translate.xml:50335 #, no-wrap msgid "" "adsl:\n" @@ -73445,14 +73988,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:49959 +#: book.translate.xml:50344 msgid "" "The IP address of FreeBSD computer running " "mpd." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:49963 +#: book.translate.xml:50348 msgid "" "The IP address of the ADSL modem. The Alcatel " "SpeedTouch Home defaults to root:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:49972 +#: book.translate.xml:50357 #, no-wrap msgid "# mpd -b adsl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:49974 +#: book.translate.xml:50359 msgid "To view the status of the connection:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:49976 +#: book.translate.xml:50361 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ifconfig ng0\n" @@ -73487,26 +74030,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:49980 +#: book.translate.xml:50365 msgid "" "Using mpd is the recommended way to connect to an " "ADSL service with FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:49985 +#: book.translate.xml:50370 msgid "Using pptpclient" msgstr "使用 pptpclient" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:49987 +#: book.translate.xml:50372 msgid "" "It is also possible to use FreeBSD to connect to other PPPoA services using " "net/pptpclient." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:49990 +#: book.translate.xml:50375 msgid "" "To use net/pptpclient to connect to a DSL service, " "install the port or package, then edit /etc/ppp/ppp.confppp.confin " "plain text form, make sure nobody can read the contents of this file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50021 +#: book.translate.xml:50406 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chown root:wheel /etc/ppp/ppp.conf\n" @@ -73556,7 +74099,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50026 +#: book.translate.xml:50411 msgid "" "This will open a tunnel for a PPP session to the DSL " "router. Ethernet DSL modems have a preconfigured LAN IP " @@ -73567,20 +74110,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50035 +#: book.translate.xml:50420 #, no-wrap msgid "# pptp address adsl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:50038 +#: book.translate.xml:50423 msgid "" "If an ampersand (&) is added to the end of this command, " "pptp will return the prompt." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50044 +#: book.translate.xml:50429 msgid "" "A tun virtual tunnel device will be created for " "interaction between the pptp and " @@ -73590,7 +74133,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50052 +#: book.translate.xml:50437 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ifconfig tun0\n" @@ -73600,7 +74143,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50057 +#: book.translate.xml:50442 msgid "" "If the connection fails, check the configuration of the router, which is " "usually accessible using a web browser. Also, examine the output of " @@ -73609,21 +74152,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:50078 +#: book.translate.xml:50463 msgid "" "BillLloydOriginal work by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:50082 +#: book.translate.xml:50467 msgid "" "JimMockRewritten by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50092 +#: book.translate.xml:50477 msgid "" "Electronic Mail, better known as email, is one of the most " "widely used forms of communication today. This chapter provides a basic " @@ -73636,31 +74179,31 @@ "細節請參閱 內的參考書籍。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50103 +#: book.translate.xml:50488 msgid "" "Which software components are involved in sending and receiving electronic " "mail." msgstr "哪些軟體元件與收發電子郵件有關。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50108 +#: book.translate.xml:50493 msgid "" "Where basic Sendmail configuration files are " "located in FreeBSD." msgstr "FreeBSD 內的 Sendmail 設定檔在哪。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50113 +#: book.translate.xml:50498 msgid "The difference between remote and local mailboxes." msgstr "遠端信箱 (Mailbox) 與本機信箱的差異。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50118 +#: book.translate.xml:50503 msgid "How to block spammers from illegally using a mail server as a relay." msgstr "如何阻擋垃圾郵件寄件者 (Spammer) 非法使用郵件伺服器作為中繼站。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50123 +#: book.translate.xml:50508 msgid "" "How to install and configure an alternate Mail Transfer Agent, replacing " "Sendmail." @@ -73669,27 +74212,27 @@ "Sendmail。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50129 +#: book.translate.xml:50514 msgid "How to troubleshoot common mail server problems." msgstr "如何排除常見的郵件伺服器問題。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50133 +#: book.translate.xml:50518 msgid "How to set up the system to send mail only." msgstr "如何設定系統只能寄送郵件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50137 +#: book.translate.xml:50522 msgid "How to use mail with a dialup connection." msgstr "如何在撥號連線上使用郵件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50141 +#: book.translate.xml:50526 msgid "How to configure SMTP authentication for added security." msgstr "如何設定 SMTP 認証來增加安全性。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50146 +#: book.translate.xml:50531 msgid "" "How to install and use a Mail User Agent, such as mutt, to send and receive email." @@ -73698,7 +74241,7 @@ "application> 來寄發與接收電子郵件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50152 +#: book.translate.xml:50537 msgid "" "How to download mail from a remote POP or IMAP server." @@ -73707,19 +74250,19 @@ "件。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50158 +#: book.translate.xml:50543 msgid "How to automatically apply filters and rules to incoming email." msgstr "如何自動套用過濾器及規則在收到的電子郵件上。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50167 +#: book.translate.xml:50552 msgid "" "Properly set up a network connection ()." msgstr "正確的設定網路連線 ()。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50171 +#: book.translate.xml:50556 msgid "" "Properly set up the DNS information for a mail host " "()." @@ -73728,68 +74271,68 @@ "servers\"/>)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:50183 +#: book.translate.xml:50568 msgid "Mail Components" msgstr "郵件組成" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50185 +#: book.translate.xml:50570 msgid "POP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50186 +#: book.translate.xml:50571 msgid "IMAP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50188 +#: book.translate.xml:50573 msgid "" "mail server daemons Sendmail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50192 +#: book.translate.xml:50577 msgid "" "mail server daemons Postfix" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50196 +#: book.translate.xml:50581 msgid "" "mail server daemons qmail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50200 +#: book.translate.xml:50585 msgid "" "mail server daemons Exim" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50204 +#: book.translate.xml:50589 msgid "email receiving" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50208 book.translate.xml:50880 book.translate.xml:50999 -#: book.translate.xml:55832 +#: book.translate.xml:50593 book.translate.xml:51265 book.translate.xml:51384 +#: book.translate.xml:56217 msgid "MX record" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50209 +#: book.translate.xml:50594 msgid "mail host" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50211 +#: book.translate.xml:50596 msgid "" "There are five major parts involved in an email exchange: the Mail User " "Agent (MUA), the Mail Transfer Agent (MTAMUA)" msgstr "郵件使用者代理程式 (Mail User Agent, MUA)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50221 +#: book.translate.xml:50606 msgid "" "The Mail User Agent (MUA) is an application which is used " "to compose, send, and receive emails. This application can be a command line " @@ -73820,12 +74363,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50241 +#: book.translate.xml:50626 msgid "Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)" msgstr "郵件傳輸代理程式 (Mail Transfer Agent, MTA)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50243 +#: book.translate.xml:50628 msgid "" "The Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) is responsible for " "receiving incoming mail and delivering outgoing mail. FreeBSD ships with " @@ -73840,12 +74383,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50263 +#: book.translate.xml:50648 msgid "Mail Host and Mailboxes" msgstr "郵件主機 (Mail Host) 與郵件信箱 (Mailbox)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50265 +#: book.translate.xml:50650 msgid "" "The mail host is a server that is responsible for delivering and receiving " "mail for a host or a network. The mail host collects all mail sent to the " @@ -73859,7 +74402,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50278 +#: book.translate.xml:50663 msgid "" "To access mailboxes remotely, a POP or IMAP server is required as these protocols allow users to connect to " @@ -73873,7 +74416,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50291 +#: book.translate.xml:50676 msgid "" "Several POP and IMAP servers are " "available in the Ports Collection. These include mail/qpopperPOP and IMAP transmit information, including username and password credentials, " @@ -73895,12 +74438,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:50312 book.translate.xml:54916 +#: book.translate.xml:50697 book.translate.xml:55301 msgid "Domain Name System (DNS)" -msgstr "網域名稱系統 (Domain Name System, DNS)" +msgstr "網域名稱系統 (DNS)" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50314 +#: book.translate.xml:50699 msgid "" "The Domain Name System (DNS) and its daemon " "named play a large role in the delivery of email. In " @@ -73911,7 +74454,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50323 +#: book.translate.xml:50708 msgid "" "In addition to mapping hostnames to IP addresses, " "DNS is responsible for storing information specific to " @@ -73921,7 +74464,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50331 +#: book.translate.xml:50716 msgid "" "To view the MX records for a domain, specify the type of " "record. Refer to host% host -t mx FreeBSD.org\n" @@ -73938,31 +74481,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50338 +#: book.translate.xml:50723 msgid "" "Refer to for more information about " "DNS and its configuration." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:50348 +#: book.translate.xml:50733 msgid "Sendmail Configuration Files" msgstr "Sendmail 設定檔" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:50352 +#: book.translate.xml:50737 msgid "" " Christopher Shumway Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50362 +#: book.translate.xml:50747 msgid "Sendmail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50366 +#: book.translate.xml:50751 msgid "" "Sendmail is the default MTA " "installed with FreeBSD. It accepts mail from MUAs and " @@ -73972,7 +74515,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50374 +#: book.translate.xml:50759 msgid "" "The configuration files for Sendmail are located " "in /etc/mail. This section describes these files in " @@ -73980,47 +74523,47 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50379 +#: book.translate.xml:50764 msgid "/etc/mail/access" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50382 +#: book.translate.xml:50767 msgid "/etc/mail/aliases" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50385 +#: book.translate.xml:50770 msgid "/etc/mail/local-host-names" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50388 +#: book.translate.xml:50773 msgid "/etc/mail/mailer.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50391 +#: book.translate.xml:50776 msgid "/etc/mail/mailertable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50394 +#: book.translate.xml:50779 msgid "/etc/mail/sendmail.cf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50397 +#: book.translate.xml:50782 msgid "/etc/mail/virtusertable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50403 +#: book.translate.xml:50788 msgid "/etc/mail/access" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50405 +#: book.translate.xml:50790 msgid "" "This access database file defines which hosts or IP " "addresses have access to the local mail server and what kind of access they " @@ -74038,7 +74581,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50423 +#: book.translate.xml:50808 msgid "" "Examples of using these options for both IPv4 and " "IPv6 addresses can be found in the FreeBSD sample " @@ -74046,10 +74589,10 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50428 +#: book.translate.xml:50813 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"# $FreeBSD$\n" +"# <_:phrase-1/>\n" "#\n" "# Mail relay access control list. Default is to reject mail unless the\n" "# destination is local, or listed in /etc/mail/local-host-names\n" @@ -74068,7 +74611,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50445 +#: book.translate.xml:50830 msgid "" "To configure the access database, use the format shown in the sample to make " "entries in /etc/mail/access, but do not put a comment " @@ -74079,14 +74622,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50454 +#: book.translate.xml:50839 msgid "" "Whenever this file is updated, update its database and restart " "Sendmail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50457 +#: book.translate.xml:50842 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# makemap hash /etc/mail/access < /etc/mail/access\n" @@ -74094,12 +74637,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50463 +#: book.translate.xml:50848 msgid "/etc/mail/aliases" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50465 +#: book.translate.xml:50850 msgid "" "This database file contains a list of virtual mailboxes that are expanded to " "users, files, programs, or other aliases. Here are a few entries to " @@ -74107,7 +74650,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50470 +#: book.translate.xml:50855 #, no-wrap msgid "" "root: localuser\n" @@ -74117,7 +74660,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50475 +#: book.translate.xml:50860 msgid "" "The mailbox name on the left side of the colon is expanded to the target(s) " "on the right. The first entry expands the newaliases to update " "and initialize the aliases database." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50527 +#: book.translate.xml:50912 msgid "/etc/mail/sendmail.cf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50529 +#: book.translate.xml:50914 msgid "" "This is the master configuration file for Sendmail. It controls the overall behavior of SendmailSendmail configuration file can be " "built from m41Sendmail " "needs to be restarted for the changes to take effect." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50552 +#: book.translate.xml:50937 msgid "/etc/mail/virtusertable" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50554 +#: book.translate.xml:50939 msgid "" "This database file maps mail addresses for virtual domains and users to real " "mailboxes. These mailboxes can be local, remote, aliases defined in " @@ -74193,7 +74736,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50561 +#: book.translate.xml:50946 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides a sample configuration file in /etc/mail/" "virtusertable.sample to further demonstrate its format. The " @@ -74202,7 +74745,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50567 +#: book.translate.xml:50952 #, no-wrap msgid "" "root@example.com root\n" @@ -74211,7 +74754,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50571 +#: book.translate.xml:50956 msgid "" "This file is processed in a first match order. When an email address matches " "the address on the left, it is mapped to the local mailbox listed on the " @@ -74227,7 +74770,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50586 +#: book.translate.xml:50971 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# makemap hash /etc/mail/virtusertable < /etc/mail/virtusertable\n" @@ -74235,12 +74778,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:50592 +#: book.translate.xml:50977 msgid "/etc/mail/relay-domains" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50594 +#: book.translate.xml:50979 msgid "" "In a default FreeBSD installation, Sendmail is " "configured to only send mail from the host it is running on. For example, if " @@ -74252,7 +74795,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50605 +#: book.translate.xml:50990 msgid "" "The most straightforward solution is to add the ISP's " "FQDN to /etc/mail/relay-domains. If " @@ -74260,7 +74803,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50611 +#: book.translate.xml:50996 #, no-wrap msgid "" "your.isp.example.com\n" @@ -74270,14 +74813,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50616 +#: book.translate.xml:51001 msgid "" "After creating or editing this file, restart Sendmail with service sendmail restart." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50620 +#: book.translate.xml:51005 msgid "" "Now any mail sent through the system by any host in this list, provided the " "user has an account on the system, will succeed. This allows users to send " @@ -74286,31 +74829,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:50632 +#: book.translate.xml:51017 msgid "Changing the Mail Transfer Agent" msgstr "更改郵件傳輸代理程式" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:50635 +#: book.translate.xml:51020 msgid "" " Andrew Boothman Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:50645 +#: book.translate.xml:51030 msgid "" " Gregory Neil Shapiro " " Information taken from emails written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50655 +#: book.translate.xml:51040 msgid "email change mta" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50660 +#: book.translate.xml:51045 msgid "" "FreeBSD comes with Sendmail already installed as " "the MTA which is in charge of outgoing and incoming mail. " @@ -74320,7 +74863,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50668 +#: book.translate.xml:51053 msgid "" "Once a new MTA is installed, configure and test the new " "software before replacing Sendmail. Refer to the " @@ -74329,7 +74872,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:50674 +#: book.translate.xml:51059 msgid "" "Once the new MTA is working, use the instructions in this " "section to disable Sendmail and configure FreeBSD " @@ -74337,12 +74880,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:50680 +#: book.translate.xml:51065 msgid "Disable Sendmail" msgstr "關閉 Sendmail" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:50683 +#: book.translate.xml:51068 msgid "" "If Sendmail's outgoing mail service is disabled, " "it is important that it is replaced with an alternative mail delivery " @@ -74356,14 +74899,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50695 +#: book.translate.xml:51080 msgid "" "In order to completely disable Sendmail, add or " "edit the following lines in /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50699 +#: book.translate.xml:51084 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sendmail_enable=\"NO\"\n" @@ -74373,20 +74916,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50704 +#: book.translate.xml:51089 msgid "" "To only disable Sendmail's incoming mail service, " "use only this entry in /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50708 +#: book.translate.xml:51093 #, no-wrap msgid "sendmail_enable=\"NO\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50710 +#: book.translate.xml:51095 msgid "" "More information on Sendmail's startup options is " "available in rc.sendmailMTA" msgstr "替換預設的 MTA" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50717 +#: book.translate.xml:51102 msgid "" "When a new MTA is installed using the Ports Collection, " "its startup script is also installed and startup instructions are mentioned " @@ -74410,7 +74953,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:50725 +#: book.translate.xml:51110 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service sendmail stop\n" @@ -74418,7 +74961,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50728 +#: book.translate.xml:51113 msgid "" "To start the replacement MTA at system boot, add its " "configuration line to /etc/rc.conf. This entry enables " @@ -74426,13 +74969,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50733 +#: book.translate.xml:51118 #, no-wrap msgid "postfix_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50735 +#: book.translate.xml:51120 msgid "" "Some extra configuration is needed as Sendmail is " "so ubiquitous that some software assumes it is already installed and " @@ -74442,7 +74985,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50742 +#: book.translate.xml:51127 #, no-wrap msgid "" "daily_clean_hoststat_enable=\"NO\"\n" @@ -74452,7 +74995,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50747 +#: book.translate.xml:51132 msgid "" "Some alternative MTAs provide their own compatible " "implementations of the Sendmail command-line " @@ -74468,15 +75011,15 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50760 +#: book.translate.xml:51145 msgid "The default /etc/mail/mailer.conf looks like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50763 +#: book.translate.xml:51148 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"# $FreeBSD$\n" +"# <_:phrase-1/>\n" "#\n" "# Execute the \"real\" sendmail program, named /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail\n" "#\n" @@ -74489,7 +75032,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50774 +#: book.translate.xml:51159 msgid "" "When any of the commands listed on the left are run, the system actually " "executes the associated command shown on the right. This system makes it " @@ -74498,7 +75041,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50779 +#: book.translate.xml:51164 msgid "" "Some MTAs, when installed using the Ports Collection, " "will prompt to update this file for the new binaries. For example, " @@ -74506,7 +75049,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50784 +#: book.translate.xml:51169 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#\n" @@ -74519,7 +75062,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50792 +#: book.translate.xml:51177 msgid "" "If the installation of the MTA does not automatically " "update /etc/mail/mailer.conf, edit this file in a text " @@ -74528,19 +75071,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50799 +#: book.translate.xml:51184 #, no-wrap msgid "" "sendmail /usr/local/sbin/ssmtp\n" "send-mail /usr/local/sbin/ssmtp\n" -"mailq /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail\n" -"newaliases /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail\n" -"hoststat /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail\n" -"purgestat /usr/libexec/sendmail/sendmail" +"mailq /usr/local/sbin/ssmtp\n" +"newaliases /usr/local/sbin/ssmtp\n" +"hoststat /usr/bin/true\n" +"purgestat /usr/bin/true" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50806 +#: book.translate.xml:51191 msgid "" "Once everything is configured, it is recommended to reboot the system. " "Rebooting provides the opportunity to ensure that the system is correctly " @@ -74548,17 +75091,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50816 +#: book.translate.xml:51201 msgid "email troubleshooting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:50824 +#: book.translate.xml:51209 msgid "Why do I have to use the FQDN for hosts on my site?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:50829 +#: book.translate.xml:51214 msgid "" "The host may actually be in a different domain. For example, in order for a " "host in foo.bar.edu to reach " @@ -74571,12 +75114,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: para/indexterm #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:50838 book.translate.xml:54930 +#: book.translate.xml:51223 book.translate.xml:55315 msgid "BIND" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:50837 +#: book.translate.xml:51222 msgid "" "This is because the version of BIND<_:indexterm-1/" "> which ships with FreeBSD no longer provides default abbreviations for non-" @@ -74587,7 +75130,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:50846 +#: book.translate.xml:51231 msgid "" "In older versions of BIND, the search continued " "across mumble.bar.edu, and " @@ -74596,29 +75139,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:50852 +#: book.translate.xml:51237 msgid "As a good workaround, place the line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50854 +#: book.translate.xml:51239 #, no-wrap msgid "search foo.bar.edu bar.edu" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:50856 +#: book.translate.xml:51241 msgid "instead of the previous:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50858 +#: book.translate.xml:51243 #, no-wrap msgid "domain foo.bar.edu" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:50860 +#: book.translate.xml:51245 msgid "" "into /etc/resolv.conf. However, make sure that the " "search order does not go beyond the boundary between local and public " @@ -74626,19 +75169,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: question/para -#: book.translate.xml:50869 +#: book.translate.xml:51254 msgid "How can I run a mail server on a dial-up PPP host?" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:50874 +#: book.translate.xml:51259 msgid "" "Connect to a FreeBSD mail gateway on the LAN. The PPP connection is non-" "dedicated." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:50877 +#: book.translate.xml:51262 msgid "" "One way to do this is to get a full-time Internet server to provide " "secondary MX <_:indexterm-1/> services for the domain. In " @@ -74649,7 +75192,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50888 +#: book.translate.xml:51273 #, no-wrap msgid "" "example.com. MX 10 example.com.\n" @@ -74657,7 +75200,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:50891 +#: book.translate.xml:51276 msgid "" "Only one host should be specified as the final recipient. For " "Sendmail, add Cw example.com " @@ -74666,7 +75209,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:50896 +#: book.translate.xml:51281 msgid "" "When the sending MTA attempts to deliver mail, it will " "try to connect to the system, example." @@ -74680,12 +75223,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:50908 +#: book.translate.xml:51293 msgid "Use something like this as a login script:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:50910 +#: book.translate.xml:51295 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -74695,7 +75238,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:50915 +#: book.translate.xml:51300 msgid "" "When creating a separate login script for users, instead use " "sendmail -qRexample.com in the script above. This will " @@ -74704,7 +75247,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: answer/para -#: book.translate.xml:50922 +#: book.translate.xml:51307 msgid "" "A further refinement of the situation can be seen from this example from the " "email configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50971 +#: book.translate.xml:51356 msgid "" "Out of the box, one can send email to external hosts as long as /" "etc/resolv.conf is configured or the network has access to a " @@ -74766,18 +75309,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50979 +#: book.translate.xml:51364 msgid "Run a DNS server for the domain." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50984 +#: book.translate.xml:51369 msgid "" "Get mail delivered directly to the FQDN for the machine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:50990 +#: book.translate.xml:51375 msgid "" "In order to have mail delivered directly to a host, it must have a permanent " "static IP address, not a dynamic IP address. If the system is behind a " @@ -74786,32 +75329,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:50998 +#: book.translate.xml:51383 msgid "" "Make sure that the lowest-numbered MX<_:indexterm-1/> " "record in DNS points to the host's static IP address." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51006 +#: book.translate.xml:51391 msgid "" "Make sure there is no MX entry in the DNS for the host." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51011 +#: book.translate.xml:51396 msgid "" "Either of the above will allow mail to be received directly at the host." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51014 +#: book.translate.xml:51399 msgid "Try this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51016 +#: book.translate.xml:51401 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# hostname\n" @@ -74821,7 +75364,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51021 +#: book.translate.xml:51406 msgid "" "In this example, mail sent directly to yourlogin@example.FreeBSD.org should work without problems, " @@ -74830,12 +75373,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51027 +#: book.translate.xml:51412 msgid "For this example:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51029 +#: book.translate.xml:51414 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# host example.FreeBSD.org\n" @@ -74844,7 +75387,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51033 +#: book.translate.xml:51418 msgid "" "All mail sent to example.FreeBSD.org will be collected on hub under the same " @@ -74852,7 +75395,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51037 +#: book.translate.xml:51422 msgid "" "The above information is handled by the DNS server. The " "DNS record that carries mail routing information is the " @@ -74861,14 +75404,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51044 +#: book.translate.xml:51429 msgid "" "The MX entry for freefall.FreeBSD.org at one time looked like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51047 +#: book.translate.xml:51432 #, no-wrap msgid "" "freefall\t\tMX\t30\tmail.crl.net\n" @@ -74878,7 +75421,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51052 +#: book.translate.xml:51437 msgid "" "freefall had many MX entries. " "The lowest MX number is the host that receives mail " @@ -74888,7 +75431,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51060 +#: book.translate.xml:51445 msgid "" "Alternate MX sites should have separate Internet " "connections in order to be most useful. Your ISP can " @@ -74896,12 +75439,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:51066 +#: book.translate.xml:51451 msgid "Mail for a Domain" msgstr "網域中的郵件" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51068 +#: book.translate.xml:51453 msgid "" "When configuring a MTA for a network, any mail sent to " "hosts in its domain should be diverted to the MTA so that " @@ -74909,7 +75452,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51074 +#: book.translate.xml:51459 msgid "" "To make life easiest, a user account with the same username should exist on both the MTA and the system " @@ -74919,7 +75462,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51080 +#: book.translate.xml:51465 msgid "" "The MTA must be the designated mail exchanger for each " "workstation on the network. This is done in theDNS " @@ -74927,7 +75470,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51085 +#: book.translate.xml:51470 #, no-wrap msgid "" "example.FreeBSD.org\tA\t204.216.27.XX\t\t; Workstation\n" @@ -74935,7 +75478,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51088 +#: book.translate.xml:51473 msgid "" "This will redirect mail for the workstation to the MTA no " "matter where the A record points. The mail is sent to the MXDNS server. If the network " "does not run its own DNS server, talk to the " @@ -74951,7 +75494,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51098 +#: book.translate.xml:51483 msgid "" "The following is an example of virtual email hosting. Consider a customer " "with the domain customer1.orgA> record is not needed for " "customer1.org in order to " @@ -74978,7 +75521,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51113 +#: book.translate.xml:51498 msgid "" "Tell the MTA which domains and/or hostnames it should " "accept mail for. Either of the following will work for " @@ -74986,40 +75529,40 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51119 +#: book.translate.xml:51504 msgid "" "Add the hosts to /etc/mail/local-host-names when using " "the FEATURE(use_cw_file)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51125 +#: book.translate.xml:51510 msgid "" "Add a Cwyour.host.com line to /etc/sendmail.cf." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:51134 +#: book.translate.xml:51519 msgid "Setting Up to Send Only" msgstr "寄件設定" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:51137 +#: book.translate.xml:51522 msgid "" " Bill Moran Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51147 +#: book.translate.xml:51532 msgid "" "There are many instances where one may only want to send mail through a " "relay. Some examples are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51152 +#: book.translate.xml:51537 msgid "" "The computer is a desktop machine that needs to use programs such as " "send-pr1MTA is capable of filling this particular " "niche, it can be difficult to properly configure a full-featured " @@ -75044,21 +75587,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51171 +#: book.translate.xml:51556 msgid "" "Additionally, a typical Internet access service agreement may forbid one " "from running a mail server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51174 +#: book.translate.xml:51559 msgid "" "The easiest way to fulfill those needs is to install the mail/" "ssmtp port:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51177 +#: book.translate.xml:51562 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/mail/ssmtp\n" @@ -75066,14 +75609,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51180 +#: book.translate.xml:51565 msgid "" "Once installed, mail/ssmtp can be configured with " "/usr/local/etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51184 +#: book.translate.xml:51569 #, no-wrap msgid "" "root=yourrealemail@example.com\n" @@ -75083,7 +75626,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51189 +#: book.translate.xml:51574 msgid "" "Use the real email address for root. Enter the ISP's outgoing mail relay in place " @@ -75093,7 +75636,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51195 +#: book.translate.xml:51580 msgid "" "Make sure to disable Sendmail, including the " "outgoing mail service. See for " @@ -75101,7 +75644,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51198 +#: book.translate.xml:51583 msgid "" "mail/ssmtp has some other options available. Refer to the " "examples in /usr/local/etc/ssmtp or the manual page of " @@ -75109,7 +75652,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51203 +#: book.translate.xml:51588 msgid "" "Setting up ssmtp in this manner allows any " "software on the computer that needs to send mail to function properly, while " @@ -75118,12 +75661,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:51211 +#: book.translate.xml:51596 msgid "Using Mail with a Dialup Connection" msgstr "在撥號連線使用郵件" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51213 +#: book.translate.xml:51598 msgid "" "When using a static IP address, one should not need to adjust the default " "configuration. Set the hostname to the assigned Internet name and " @@ -75131,7 +75674,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51218 +#: book.translate.xml:51603 msgid "" "When using a dynamically assigned IP address and a dialup PPP connection to " "the Internet, one usually has a mailbox on the ISP's mail " @@ -75144,7 +75687,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51227 +#: book.translate.xml:51612 msgid "" "In order to retrieve mail from the ISP's mailbox, install " "a retrieval agent from the Ports Collection. mail/fetchmailSendmail to deliver mail to non-local " "accounts, configure Sendmail to process the mail " @@ -75174,13 +75717,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51247 +#: book.translate.xml:51632 #, no-wrap msgid " !bg su user -c \"sendmail -q\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51249 +#: book.translate.xml:51634 msgid "" "In this example, there is an account for user on bsd.homeuser as it contains the password " @@ -75204,7 +75747,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51262 +#: book.translate.xml:51647 msgid "" "In order to send mail with the correct from: header, " "configure Sendmail to use user@example." @@ -75214,12 +75757,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51269 +#: book.translate.xml:51654 msgid "The following .mc should suffice:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51272 +#: book.translate.xml:51657 #, no-wrap msgid "" "VERSIONID(`bsd.home.mc version 1.0')\n" @@ -75241,7 +75784,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51289 +#: book.translate.xml:51674 msgid "" "Refer to the previous section for details of how to convert this file into " "the sendmail.cf format. Do not forget to restart " @@ -75250,19 +75793,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:51297 +#: book.translate.xml:51682 msgid "SMTP Authentication" msgstr "SMTP 認證" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:51300 +#: book.translate.xml:51685 msgid "" " James Gorham Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51310 +#: book.translate.xml:51695 msgid "" "Configuring SMTP authentication on the MTA provides a number of benefits. SMTP " @@ -75273,7 +75816,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51320 +#: book.translate.xml:51705 msgid "" "Install security/cyrus-sasl2 from the Ports Collection. " "This port supports a number of compile-time options. For the SMTP " @@ -75282,7 +75825,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51329 +#: book.translate.xml:51714 msgid "" "After installing security/cyrus-sasl2, edit /" "usr/local/lib/sasl2/Sendmail.conf, or create it if it does not " @@ -75290,37 +75833,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51335 +#: book.translate.xml:51720 #, no-wrap msgid "pwcheck_method: saslauthd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51339 +#: book.translate.xml:51724 msgid "" "Next, install security/cyrus-sasl2-saslauthd and add the " "following line to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51344 +#: book.translate.xml:51729 #, no-wrap msgid "saslauthd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51346 +#: book.translate.xml:51731 msgid "Finally, start the saslauthd daemon:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51348 +#: book.translate.xml:51733 #, no-wrap msgid "# service saslauthd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51350 +#: book.translate.xml:51735 msgid "" "This daemon serves as a broker for Sendmail to " "authenticate against the FreeBSD passwd/etc/make.conf and add the following lines:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51362 +#: book.translate.xml:51747 #, no-wrap msgid "" "SENDMAIL_CFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include/sasl -DSASL\n" @@ -75346,7 +75889,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51366 +#: book.translate.xml:51751 msgid "" "These lines provide Sendmail the proper " "configuration options for linking to cyrus-sasl2 at " @@ -75355,14 +75898,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51375 +#: book.translate.xml:51760 msgid "" "Recompile Sendmail by executing the following " "commands:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51378 +#: book.translate.xml:51763 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/src/lib/libsmutil\n" @@ -75374,14 +75917,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51385 +#: book.translate.xml:51770 msgid "" "This compile should not have any problems if /usr/src " "has not changed extensively and the shared libraries it needs are available." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51391 +#: book.translate.xml:51776 msgid "" "After Sendmail has been compiled and reinstalled, " "edit /etc/mail/freebsd.mc or the local .mcSendmail for authenticating users. To use a " @@ -75410,7 +75953,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:51411 +#: book.translate.xml:51796 msgid "" "Finally, run make1 while in /etc/mail. That will " @@ -75423,7 +75966,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51425 +#: book.translate.xml:51810 msgid "" "To test the configuration, use a MUA to send a test " "message. For further investigation, set the of " @@ -75432,31 +75975,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51431 +#: book.translate.xml:51816 msgid "" "For more information, refer to SMTP authentication." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:51437 +#: book.translate.xml:51822 msgid "Mail User Agents" msgstr "郵件使用者代理程式" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:51440 book.translate.xml:51797 book.translate.xml:51897 +#: book.translate.xml:51825 book.translate.xml:52182 book.translate.xml:52282 msgid "" " Marc Silver Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:51450 +#: book.translate.xml:51835 msgid "Mail User Agents" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51454 +#: book.translate.xml:51839 msgid "" "A MUA is an application that is used to send and receive " "email. As email evolves and becomes more complex, " @@ -75470,12 +76013,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:51467 +#: book.translate.xml:51852 msgid "mail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51469 +#: book.translate.xml:51854 msgid "" "mail1 is the default MUA installed with FreeBSD. " @@ -75485,7 +76028,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51476 +#: book.translate.xml:51861 msgid "" "Although mail does not natively support interaction with " "POP or IMAP servers, these mailboxes " @@ -75494,18 +76037,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51483 +#: book.translate.xml:51868 msgid "In order to send and receive email, run mail:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51486 +#: book.translate.xml:51871 #, no-wrap msgid "% mail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51488 +#: book.translate.xml:51873 msgid "" "The contents of the user's mailbox in /var/mail are " "automatically read by mail. Should the mailbox be empty, " @@ -75516,7 +76059,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51497 +#: book.translate.xml:51882 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Mail version 8.1 6/6/93. Type ? for help.\n" @@ -75527,14 +76070,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51503 +#: book.translate.xml:51888 msgid "" "Messages can now be read by typing t followed by the " "message number. This example reads the first email:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51507 +#: book.translate.xml:51892 #, no-wrap msgid "" "& t 1\n" @@ -75551,14 +76094,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51519 +#: book.translate.xml:51904 msgid "" "As seen in this example, the message will be displayed with full headers. To " "display the list of messages again, press h." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51523 +#: book.translate.xml:51908 msgid "" "If the email requires a reply, press either R or r mail keys. R instructs " @@ -75570,7 +76113,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51534 +#: book.translate.xml:51919 #, no-wrap msgid "" "& R 1\n" @@ -75583,7 +76126,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51542 +#: book.translate.xml:51927 msgid "" "In order to send a new email, press m, followed by the " "recipient email address. Multiple recipients may be specified by separating " @@ -75594,7 +76137,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51550 +#: book.translate.xml:51935 #, no-wrap msgid "" "& mail root@localhost\n" @@ -75606,7 +76149,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51557 +#: book.translate.xml:51942 msgid "" "While using mail, press ? to display " "help at any time. Refer to mailmail1 was not designed to handle attachments and thus deals with " @@ -75625,51 +76168,51 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:51573 +#: book.translate.xml:51958 msgid "mutt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51575 +#: book.translate.xml:51960 msgid "" "mutt is a powerful MUA, with " "many features, including:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51580 +#: book.translate.xml:51965 msgid "The ability to thread messages." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51584 +#: book.translate.xml:51969 msgid "PGP support for digital signing and encryption of email." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51589 +#: book.translate.xml:51974 msgid "MIME support." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51593 +#: book.translate.xml:51978 msgid "Maildir support." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51597 +#: book.translate.xml:51982 msgid "Highly customizable." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51601 +#: book.translate.xml:51986 msgid "" "Refer to http://www.mutt.org " "for more information on mutt." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51605 +#: book.translate.xml:51990 msgid "" "mutt may be installed using the mail/" "mutt port. After the port has been installed, mutt% mutt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51612 +#: book.translate.xml:51997 msgid "" "mutt will automatically read and display the " "contents of the user mailbox in /var/mail. If no mails " @@ -75697,13 +76240,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:51622 +#: book.translate.xml:52007 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/mutt1' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51626 +#: book.translate.xml:52011 msgid "" "To read an email, select it using the cursor keys and press Enter. An example of mutt displaying email can " @@ -75715,13 +76258,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:51633 +#: book.translate.xml:52018 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/mutt2' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51637 +#: book.translate.xml:52022 msgid "" "Similar to mail1, mutt can be used to " @@ -75732,7 +76275,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:51645 +#: book.translate.xml:52030 msgid "" "By default, mutt uses the " "vi1m. After a valid " "subject has been given, mutt will start " @@ -75762,13 +76305,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:51668 +#: book.translate.xml:52053 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/mutt3' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51672 +#: book.translate.xml:52057 msgid "" "mutt contains extensive help which can be " "accessed from most of the menus by pressing ?. The top line " @@ -75776,19 +76319,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:51680 +#: book.translate.xml:52065 msgid "alpine" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51682 +#: book.translate.xml:52067 msgid "" "alpine is aimed at a beginner user, but also " "includes some advanced features." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:51686 +#: book.translate.xml:52071 msgid "" "alpine has had several remote vulnerabilities " "discovered in the past, which allowed remote attackers to execute arbitrary " @@ -75801,7 +76344,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51698 +#: book.translate.xml:52083 msgid "" "The current version of alpine may be installed " "using the mail/alpine port. Once the port has installed, " @@ -75810,13 +76353,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51704 +#: book.translate.xml:52089 #, no-wrap msgid "% alpine" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51706 +#: book.translate.xml:52091 msgid "" "The first time alpine runs, it displays a " "greeting page with a brief introduction, as well as a request from the " @@ -75832,13 +76375,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:51719 +#: book.translate.xml:52104 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/pine1' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51723 +#: book.translate.xml:52108 msgid "" "The main menu is then presented, which can be navigated using the cursor " "keys. This main menu provides shortcuts for the composing new mails, " @@ -75848,7 +76391,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51730 +#: book.translate.xml:52115 msgid "" "The default directory opened by alpine is " "inbox. To view the message index, press Ialpine. Contextual keyboard shortcuts are " @@ -75899,13 +76442,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:51763 +#: book.translate.xml:52148 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/pine4' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51767 +#: book.translate.xml:52152 msgid "" "Replying to an email in alpine is done using the " "pico editor, which is installed by default with " @@ -75924,13 +76467,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:51780 +#: book.translate.xml:52165 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='mail/pine5' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:51784 +#: book.translate.xml:52169 msgid "" "alpine can be customized using the " "SETUP option from the main menu. Consult fetchmail" msgstr "使用 fetchmail" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:51807 +#: book.translate.xml:52192 msgid "fetchmail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51811 +#: book.translate.xml:52196 msgid "" "fetchmail is a full-featured IMAP and POP client. It allows users to automatically " @@ -75961,7 +76504,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51822 +#: book.translate.xml:52207 msgid "" "Support for the POP3, APOP, " "KPOP, IMAP, ETRN " @@ -75969,26 +76512,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51829 +#: book.translate.xml:52214 msgid "" "Ability to forward mail using SMTP, which allows " "filtering, forwarding, and aliasing to function normally." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51835 +#: book.translate.xml:52220 msgid "May be run in daemon mode to check periodically for new messages." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:51840 +#: book.translate.xml:52225 msgid "" "Can retrieve multiple mailboxes and forward them, based on configuration, to " "different local users." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51845 +#: book.translate.xml:52230 msgid "" "This section explains some of the basic features of fetchmail. This utility requires a .fetchmailrc " @@ -75999,13 +76542,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51854 +#: book.translate.xml:52239 #, no-wrap msgid "% chmod 600 .fetchmailrc" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51856 +#: book.translate.xml:52241 msgid "" "The following .fetchmailrc serves as an example for " "downloading a single user mailbox using POP. It tells " @@ -76017,13 +76560,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51866 +#: book.translate.xml:52251 #, no-wrap msgid "poll example.com protocol pop3 username \"joesoap\" password \"XXX\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51868 +#: book.translate.xml:52253 msgid "" "The next example connects to multiple POP and " "IMAP servers and redirects to different local usernames " @@ -76031,7 +76574,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51872 +#: book.translate.xml:52257 #, no-wrap msgid "" "poll example.com proto pop3:\n" @@ -76042,7 +76585,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51878 +#: book.translate.xml:52263 msgid "" "fetchmail can be run in daemon mode by running it " "with , followed by the interval (in seconds) that " @@ -76052,13 +76595,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:51886 +#: book.translate.xml:52271 #, no-wrap msgid "% fetchmail -d 600" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51888 +#: book.translate.xml:52273 msgid "" "More information on fetchmail can be found at " "http://www.fetchmail.info/procmail" msgstr "使用 procmail" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:51907 +#: book.translate.xml:52292 msgid "procmail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51911 +#: book.translate.xml:52296 msgid "" "procmail is a powerful application used to filter " "incoming mail. It allows users to define rules which can be " @@ -76091,13 +76634,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51925 +#: book.translate.xml:52310 #, no-wrap msgid "\"|exec /usr/local/bin/procmail || exit 75\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51927 +#: book.translate.xml:52312 msgid "" "The following section displays some basic procmail rules, as well as brief descriptions of what they do. Rules " @@ -76106,7 +76649,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51933 +#: book.translate.xml:52318 msgid "" "The majority of these rules can be found in procmailex5user@example.com to an external " "address of goodmail@example2.com:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51939 +#: book.translate.xml:52324 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -76130,14 +76673,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51943 +#: book.translate.xml:52328 msgid "" "To forward all mails shorter than 1000 bytes to an external address of " "goodmail@example2.com:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51946 +#: book.translate.xml:52331 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -76146,14 +76689,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51950 +#: book.translate.xml:52335 msgid "" "To send all mail sent to alternate@example.com to a mailbox " "called alternate:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51954 +#: book.translate.xml:52339 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -76162,14 +76705,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51958 +#: book.translate.xml:52343 msgid "" "To send all mail with a subject of Spam to /dev/" "null:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51961 +#: book.translate.xml:52346 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -76178,7 +76721,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:51965 +#: book.translate.xml:52350 msgid "" "A useful recipe that parses incoming FreeBSD.org mailing lists and places each list in its own " @@ -76186,7 +76729,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:51968 +#: book.translate.xml:52353 #, no-wrap msgid "" ":0\n" @@ -76200,12 +76743,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:51998 +#: book.translate.xml:52383 msgid "Network Servers" msgstr "網路伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52003 +#: book.translate.xml:52388 msgid "" "This chapter covers some of the more frequently used network services on " "UNIX systems. This includes " @@ -76218,22 +76761,22 @@ "定檔以供參考。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52009 +#: book.translate.xml:52394 msgid "By the end of this chapter, readers will know:" msgstr "讀完本章，您將了解：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52013 +#: book.translate.xml:52398 msgid "How to manage the inetd daemon." msgstr "如何管理 inetd Daemon。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52018 +#: book.translate.xml:52403 msgid "How to set up the Network File System (NFS)." msgstr "如何設定網路檔案系統 (Network File System, NFS)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52023 +#: book.translate.xml:52408 msgid "" "How to set up the Network Information Server (NIS) for " "centralizing and sharing user accounts." @@ -76242,23 +76785,23 @@ "來集中管理及共用使用者帳號。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52029 +#: book.translate.xml:52414 msgid "" "How to set FreeBSD up to act as an LDAP server or client" msgstr "如何設定 FreeBSD 成為 LDAP 伺服器或客戶端。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52034 +#: book.translate.xml:52419 msgid "How to set up automatic network settings using DHCP." msgstr "如何設定使用 DHCP 自動網路設定。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52039 +#: book.translate.xml:52424 msgid "How to set up a Domain Name Server (DNS)." msgstr "如何設定網域名稱伺服器 (Domain Name Server, DNS)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52044 +#: book.translate.xml:52429 msgid "" "How to set up the Apache HTTP " "Server." @@ -76266,14 +76809,14 @@ "如何設定 Apache HTTP 伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52049 +#: book.translate.xml:52434 msgid "How to set up a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server." msgstr "" "如何設定檔案傳輸協定 (File Transfer Protocol, FTP) 伺服" "器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52054 +#: book.translate.xml:52439 msgid "" "How to set up a file and print server for Windows clients using Samba." @@ -76282,7 +76825,7 @@ "class=\"registered\">Windows 客戶端使用。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52059 +#: book.translate.xml:52444 msgid "" "How to synchronize the time and date, and set up a time server using the " "Network Time Protocol (NTP)." @@ -76291,38 +76834,38 @@ "acronym>) 設定時間伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52065 +#: book.translate.xml:52450 msgid "How to set up iSCSI." msgstr "如何設定 iSCSI。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52069 +#: book.translate.xml:52454 msgid "This chapter assumes a basic knowledge of:" msgstr "本章假設您有以下基礎知識：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52073 +#: book.translate.xml:52458 msgid "/etc/rc scripts." msgstr "/etc/rc Script。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52077 +#: book.translate.xml:52462 msgid "Network terminology." msgstr "網路術語。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52081 +#: book.translate.xml:52466 msgid "" "Installation of additional third-party software ()." msgstr "安裝其他第三方軟體 ()。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:52088 +#: book.translate.xml:52473 msgid "The inetd Super-Server" msgstr "inetd 超級伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52109 +#: book.translate.xml:52494 msgid "" "The inetd8 daemon is sometimes referred to as a Super-Server " @@ -76337,7 +76880,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52121 +#: book.translate.xml:52506 msgid "" "Primarily, inetd is used to spawn other daemons, " "but several trivial protocols are handled internally, such as " @@ -76347,19 +76890,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:52130 +#: book.translate.xml:52515 msgid "" "This section covers the basics of configuring inetd." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:52134 +#: book.translate.xml:52519 msgid "Configuration File" msgstr "設定檔" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52136 +#: book.translate.xml:52521 msgid "" "Configuration of inetd is done by editing " "/etc/inetd.conf. Each line of this configuration file " @@ -76372,7 +76915,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52148 +#: book.translate.xml:52533 msgid "" "After saving your edits, configure inetd to start " "at system boot by editing /etc/rc.conf:" @@ -76380,13 +76923,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:52152 book.translate.xml:65291 +#: book.translate.xml:52537 book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "inetd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52154 +#: book.translate.xml:52539 msgid "" "To start inetd now, so that it listens for the " "service you configured, type:" @@ -76394,31 +76937,31 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:52157 book.translate.xml:65313 +#: book.translate.xml:52542 book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "# service inetd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52159 +#: book.translate.xml:52544 msgid "" "Once inetd is started, it needs to be notified " "whenever a modification is made to /etc/inetd.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:52164 +#: book.translate.xml:52549 msgid "Reloading the inetd Configuration File" msgstr "重新庫入 inetd 設定檔" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:52167 +#: book.translate.xml:52552 #, no-wrap msgid "# service inetd reload" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52170 +#: book.translate.xml:52555 msgid "" "Typically, the default entry for an application does not need to be edited " "beyond removing the #. In some situations, it may be " @@ -76426,7 +76969,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:52175 +#: book.translate.xml:52560 msgid "" "As an example, this is the default entry for " "ftpd8/etc/services. This determines which port " @@ -76478,12 +77021,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:52208 +#: book.translate.xml:52593 msgid "socket-type" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52211 +#: book.translate.xml:52596 msgid "" "Either stream, dgram, raw, or seqpacket. Use stream for " @@ -76492,94 +77035,94 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:52221 +#: book.translate.xml:52606 msgid "protocol" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52224 +#: book.translate.xml:52609 msgid "Use one of the following protocol names:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52230 +#: book.translate.xml:52615 msgid "Protocol Name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52231 +#: book.translate.xml:52616 msgid "Explanation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52237 +#: book.translate.xml:52622 msgid "tcp or tcp4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52238 +#: book.translate.xml:52623 msgid "TCP IPv4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52242 +#: book.translate.xml:52627 msgid "udp or udp4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52243 +#: book.translate.xml:52628 msgid "UDP IPv4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52247 +#: book.translate.xml:52632 msgid "tcp6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52248 +#: book.translate.xml:52633 msgid "TCP IPv6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52252 +#: book.translate.xml:52637 msgid "udp6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52253 +#: book.translate.xml:52638 msgid "UDP IPv6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52257 +#: book.translate.xml:52642 msgid "tcp46" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52258 +#: book.translate.xml:52643 msgid "Both TCP IPv4 and IPv6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52262 +#: book.translate.xml:52647 msgid "udp46" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:52263 +#: book.translate.xml:52648 msgid "Both UDP IPv4 and IPv6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:52273 +#: book.translate.xml:52658 msgid "" "{wait|nowait}[/max-child[/max-connections-per-ip-per-minute[/max-child-per-" "ip]]]" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52276 +#: book.translate.xml:52661 msgid "" "In this field, or must be " "specified. , indicates whether or not the service is able to " "handle its own socket. socket types must use " @@ -76598,7 +77141,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52292 +#: book.translate.xml:52677 msgid "" "The maximum number of child daemons inetd may " "spawn is set by . For example, to limit ten " @@ -76608,7 +77151,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52300 +#: book.translate.xml:52685 msgid "" " limits the number of " "connections from any particular IP address per minute. " @@ -76622,7 +77165,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52314 +#: book.translate.xml:52699 msgid "" "An example can be seen in the default settings for " "fingerd8root, daemoninetd internally, use ." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:52344 +#: book.translate.xml:52729 msgid "server-program-arguments" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:52347 +#: book.translate.xml:52732 msgid "" "Used to specify any command arguments to be passed to the daemon on " "invocation. If the daemon is an internal service, use 。最後的結果應該如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:54421 +#: book.translate.xml:54806 #, no-wrap msgid "" "TLSCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:+SSLv3\n" @@ -79646,7 +80189,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54427 +#: book.translate.xml:54812 msgid "" "Finally, enable the OpenLDAP service in " "/etc/rc.conf and set the URI:" @@ -79655,7 +80198,7 @@ "application> 服務並設定 URI：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:54431 +#: book.translate.xml:54816 #, no-wrap msgid "" "slapd_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -79663,25 +80206,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54434 +#: book.translate.xml:54819 msgid "At this point the server can be started and tested:" msgstr "此時便可啟動並測試伺服器：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:54436 +#: book.translate.xml:54821 #, no-wrap msgid "# service slapd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54438 +#: book.translate.xml:54823 msgid "" "If everything is configured correctly, a search of the directory should show " "a successful connection with a single response as in this example:" msgstr "若所有的設定均正確，搜尋目錄應會如此範例顯示成功連線並有一筆回應：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:54442 +#: book.translate.xml:54827 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ldapsearch -Z\n" @@ -79701,7 +80244,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:54458 +#: book.translate.xml:54843 msgid "" "If the command fails and the configuration looks correct, stop the " "slapd service and restart it with debugging options:" @@ -79710,7 +80253,7 @@ "除錯選項並重新啟動：" #. (itstool) path: note/screen -#: book.translate.xml:54462 +#: book.translate.xml:54847 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service slapd stop\n" @@ -79718,7 +80261,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54466 +#: book.translate.xml:54851 msgid "" "Once the service is responding, the directory can be populated using " "ldapadd. In this example, a file containing this list of " @@ -79728,7 +80271,7 @@ "中，會先建立一個含有使用者清單的檔案，每位使用者應使用以下格式定義：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:54471 +#: book.translate.xml:54856 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dn: dc=example,dc=com\n" @@ -79743,7 +80286,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54481 +#: book.translate.xml:54866 msgid "" "To import this file, specify the file name. The following command will " "prompt for the password specified earlier and the output should look " @@ -79753,7 +80296,7 @@ "下的結果：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:54485 +#: book.translate.xml:54870 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ldapadd -Z -D \"cn=Manager,dc=example,dc=com\" -W -f import.ldif\n" @@ -79764,7 +80307,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54491 +#: book.translate.xml:54876 msgid "" "Verify the data was added by issuing a search on the server using " "ldapsearch:" @@ -79772,7 +80315,7 @@ "使用 ldapsearch 發出一個查詢到伺服器來確認資料已新增：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:54494 +#: book.translate.xml:54879 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ldapsearch -Z\n" @@ -79805,30 +80348,30 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54522 +#: book.translate.xml:54907 msgid "" "At this point, the server should be configured and functioning properly." msgstr "此時，伺服器應已設定完成並可正常運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:54539 +#: book.translate.xml:54924 msgid "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)" msgstr "動態主機設置協定 (DHCP)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:54542 +#: book.translate.xml:54927 msgid "" "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:54546 +#: book.translate.xml:54931 msgid "Internet Systems Consortium (ISC)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:54550 +#: book.translate.xml:54935 msgid "" "The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) allows a " "system to connect to a network in order to be assigned the necessary " @@ -79851,7 +80394,7 @@ "\">isc.org/downloads/dhcp/ 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:54562 +#: book.translate.xml:54947 msgid "" "This section describes how to use the built-in DHCP " "client. It then describes how to install and configure a DHCPDHCP 伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:54567 +#: book.translate.xml:54952 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, the bpf4 device is needed by " @@ -79877,7 +80420,7 @@ "DHCP 則須保留這個裝置。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:54574 +#: book.translate.xml:54959 msgid "" "It should be noted that bpf also allows privileged " "users to run network packet sniffers on that system." @@ -79886,12 +80429,12 @@ "封包監聽程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:54580 +#: book.translate.xml:54965 msgid "Configuring a DHCP Client" msgstr "設定 DHCP 客戶端" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54582 +#: book.translate.xml:54967 msgid "" "DHCP client support is included in the FreeBSD installer, " "making it easy to configure a newly installed system to automatically " @@ -79904,12 +80447,12 @@ "考 取得網路設置的範例。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:54589 +#: book.translate.xml:54974 msgid "UDP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54590 +#: book.translate.xml:54975 msgid "" "When dhclient is executed on the client machine, it " "begins broadcasting requests for configuration information. By default, " @@ -79933,7 +80476,7 @@ "refentrytitle>5 找到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54606 +#: book.translate.xml:54991 msgid "" "By default, when a FreeBSD system boots, its DHCP client " "runs in the background, or asynchronously. Other " @@ -79945,7 +80488,7 @@ "acronym> 程序的同時其他啟動 Script 會繼續執行，來加速系統啟動。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54612 +#: book.translate.xml:54997 msgid "" "Background DHCP works well when the DHCP server responds quickly to the client's requests. However, " @@ -79964,7 +80507,7 @@ "DHCP 已設置完成。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54622 +#: book.translate.xml:55007 msgid "" "This line in /etc/rc.conf is used to configure " "background or asynchronous mode:" @@ -79972,13 +80515,13 @@ "在 /etc/rc.conf 中的這行用來設定採用背景 (非同步模式)：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:54625 +#: book.translate.xml:55010 #, no-wrap msgid "ifconfig_fxp0=\"DHCP\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54627 +#: book.translate.xml:55012 msgid "" "This line may already exist if the system was configured to use " "DHCP during installation. Replace the fxp0 中的說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54633 +#: book.translate.xml:55018 msgid "" "To instead configure the system to use synchronous mode, and to pause during " "startup while DHCP completes, use " @@ -80001,13 +80544,13 @@ "用 SYNCDHCP：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:54638 +#: book.translate.xml:55023 #, no-wrap msgid "ifconfig_fxp0=\"SYNCDHCP\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54640 +#: book.translate.xml:55025 msgid "" "Additional client options are available. Search for dhclient in rc.confdhclient 來取得詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:54644 book.translate.xml:54848 +#: book.translate.xml:55029 book.translate.xml:55233 msgid "" "DHCP configuration files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54649 +#: book.translate.xml:55034 msgid "The DHCP client uses the following files:" msgstr "DHCP 客戶端會使用到以下檔案：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54654 +#: book.translate.xml:55039 msgid "/etc/dhclient.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54656 +#: book.translate.xml:55041 msgid "" "The configuration file used by dhclient. Typically, this " "file contains only comments as the defaults are suitable for most clients. " @@ -80048,12 +80591,12 @@ "refentrytitle>5 中有說明。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54664 +#: book.translate.xml:55049 msgid "/sbin/dhclient" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54666 +#: book.translate.xml:55051 msgid "" "More information about the command itself can be found in " "dhclient88 找到。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54671 +#: book.translate.xml:55056 msgid "/sbin/dhclient-script" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54673 +#: book.translate.xml:55058 msgid "" "The FreeBSD-specific DHCP client configuration script. It " "is described in dhclient-script 中有說明，但應不須做任何修改便可正常運作。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54681 +#: book.translate.xml:55066 msgid "" "/var/db/dhclient.leases.interface" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54683 +#: book.translate.xml:55068 msgid "" "The DHCP client keeps a database of valid leases in this " "file, which is written as a log and is described in " @@ -80099,12 +80642,12 @@ "refentrytitle>5 有說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:54691 +#: book.translate.xml:55076 msgid "Installing and Configuring a DHCP Server" msgstr "安裝並設定 DHCP 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54694 +#: book.translate.xml:55079 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to configure a FreeBSD system to act as a " "DHCP server using the Internet Systems Consortium " @@ -80118,20 +80661,20 @@ "package> 套件或 Port 安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:54702 +#: book.translate.xml:55087 msgid "" "DHCP server" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:54707 +#: book.translate.xml:55092 msgid "" "DHCP installation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54712 +#: book.translate.xml:55097 msgid "" "The installation of net/isc-dhcp43-server installs a " "sample configuration file. Copy /usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf.example 並在這個新檔案做編輯。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:54719 +#: book.translate.xml:55104 msgid "" "DHCP dhcpd.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54723 +#: book.translate.xml:55108 msgid "" "The configuration file is comprised of declarations for subnets and hosts " "which define the information that is provided to DHCP " @@ -80159,7 +80702,7 @@ "acronym> 客戶端的資訊。如以下行設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:54728 +#: book.translate.xml:55113 #, no-wrap msgid "" "option domain-name \"example.org\";\n" @@ -80182,7 +80725,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:54748 +#: book.translate.xml:55133 msgid "" "This option specifies the default search domain that will be provided to " "clients. Refer to resolv.conf 取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:54754 +#: book.translate.xml:55139 msgid "" "This option specifies a comma separated list of DNS " "servers that the client should use. They can be listed by their Fully " @@ -80205,19 +80748,19 @@ "FQDN) 或伺服器的 IP 位址。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:54762 +#: book.translate.xml:55147 msgid "The subnet mask that will be provided to clients." msgstr "要提供給客戶端的子網路遮罩。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:54767 +#: book.translate.xml:55152 msgid "" "The default lease expiry time in seconds. A client can be configured to " "override this value." msgstr "預設租約到期時間 (秒)。客戶端可以自行設定覆蓋這個數值。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:54772 +#: book.translate.xml:55157 msgid "" "The maximum allowed length of time, in seconds, for a lease. Should a client " "request a longer lease, a lease will still be issued, but it will only be " @@ -80227,7 +80770,7 @@ "只會在 max-lease-time 內有效。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:54779 +#: book.translate.xml:55164 msgid "" "The default of disables dynamic DNS updates. Changing " "this to configures the DHCP " @@ -80244,7 +80787,7 @@ "DNS 伺服器已設定為支援動態 DNS。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:54792 +#: book.translate.xml:55177 msgid "" "This line creates a pool of available IP addresses which " "are reserved for allocation to DHCP clients. The range of " @@ -80256,7 +80799,7 @@ "路中有效。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:54800 +#: book.translate.xml:55185 msgid "" "Declares the default gateway that is valid for the network or subnet " "specified before the opening { bracket." @@ -80265,7 +80808,7 @@ "訊閘。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:54806 +#: book.translate.xml:55191 msgid "" "Specifies the hardware MAC address of a client so that " "the DHCP server can recognize the client when it makes a " @@ -80275,7 +80818,7 @@ "服器在客戶端發出請求時可以辨識客戶端。" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:54812 +#: book.translate.xml:55197 msgid "" "Specifies that this host should always be given the same IP address. Using the hostname is correct, since the DHCPDHCP 伺服器會在回傳租約資訊前先解析主機名稱。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54820 +#: book.translate.xml:55205 msgid "" "This configuration file supports many more options. Refer to dhcpd.conf(5), " "installed with the server, for details and examples." @@ -80295,7 +80838,7 @@ "訊與範例。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54824 +#: book.translate.xml:55209 msgid "" "Once the configuration of dhcpd.conf is complete, " "enable the DHCP server in /etc/rc.conf 啟動 DHCP 伺服器：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:54828 +#: book.translate.xml:55213 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dhcpd_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -80313,7 +80856,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54831 +#: book.translate.xml:55216 msgid "" "Replace the dc0 with the interface (or interfaces, " "separated by whitespace) that the DHCP server should " @@ -80323,18 +80866,18 @@ "DHCP 客戶端請求的網路介面 (多個介面可以空白分隔)。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54836 +#: book.translate.xml:55221 msgid "Start the server by issuing the following command:" msgstr "執行以下指令來啟動伺服器：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:54838 book.translate.xml:65483 +#: book.translate.xml:55223 book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "# service isc-dhcpd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54840 +#: book.translate.xml:55225 msgid "" "Any future changes to the configuration of the server will require the " "dhcpd service to be stopped and then started " @@ -80346,7 +80889,7 @@ "dhcpd 服務然後啟動。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:54844 +#: book.translate.xml:55229 msgid "" "The DHCP server uses the following files. Note that the " "manual pages are installed with the server software." @@ -80355,12 +80898,12 @@ "一同安裝。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54854 +#: book.translate.xml:55239 msgid "/usr/local/sbin/dhcpd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54856 +#: book.translate.xml:55241 msgid "" "More information about the dhcpd server can be " "found in dhcpd(8)." @@ -80368,12 +80911,12 @@ "更多有關 dhcpd 伺服器的資訊可在 dhcpd(8) 找到。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54862 +#: book.translate.xml:55247 msgid "/usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54864 +#: book.translate.xml:55249 msgid "" "The server configuration file needs to contain all the information that " "should be provided to clients, along with information regarding the " @@ -80384,12 +80927,12 @@ "dhcpd.conf(5) 有此設定檔的說明。 " #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54871 +#: book.translate.xml:55256 msgid "/var/db/dhcpd.leases" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54873 +#: book.translate.xml:55258 msgid "" "The DHCP server keeps a database of leases it has issued " "in this file, which is written as a log. Refer to dhcpd.leases(5), which " @@ -80399,12 +80942,12 @@ "式類似日誌。參考 dhcpd.leases(5) 會有更完整的說明。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54880 +#: book.translate.xml:55265 msgid "/usr/local/sbin/dhcrelay" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:54882 +#: book.translate.xml:55267 msgid "" "This daemon is used in advanced environments where one DHCP server forwards a request from a client to another DHCPDNS) is the protocol through which " "domain names are mapped to IP addresses, and vice versa. " @@ -80428,9 +80971,15 @@ "individual domain information. It is not necessary to run a name server to " "perform DNS lookups on a system." msgstr "" +"網域名稱系統 (Domain Name System, DNS) 是一種協定用來轉換" +"網域名稱為 IP 位址，反之亦然。DNS 會協" +"調網際網路上有權的根節點 (Authoritative root)、最上層網域 (Top Level Domain, " +"TLD) 及其他小規模名稱伺服器來取得結果，而這些伺服器可管理" +"與快取個自的網域資訊。要在系統上做 DNS 查詢並不需要架設一" +"個名稱伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:54932 +#: book.translate.xml:55317 msgid "" "In FreeBSD 10, the Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) " "has been removed from the base system and replaced with Unbound. Unbound as " @@ -80444,157 +80993,178 @@ "BIND is maintained by the Internet Systems Consortium." msgstr "" +"在 FreeBSD 10，已自基礎系統移除了 Berkeley Internet Name Domain " +"(BIND)，並替換為 Unbound。Unbound 被設置來做為 FreeBSD 的" +"基礎中的本地快取解析程式。BIND 仍可以自 Port 套件集取得，" +"名稱為 dns/bind99 或 dns/bind98。在 FreeBSD 9 與較先前的版本，FreeBSD 基礎系統中是內" +"建 BIND，FreeBSD 的版本提供了增強的安全性功能、新檔案系統" +"配置及自動化 chroot8 設置，而 " +"BIND 是由 Internet Systems Consortium 所維護。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:54943 +#: book.translate.xml:55328 msgid "resolver" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:54944 +#: book.translate.xml:55329 msgid "reverse DNS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:54946 +#: book.translate.xml:55331 msgid "root zone" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:54948 +#: book.translate.xml:55333 msgid "" "The following table describes some of the terms associated with " "DNS:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "以下表格會說明一些與 DNS 有關的術語：" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:54952 +#: book.translate.xml:55337 msgid "DNS Terminology" msgstr "DNS 術語" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:54961 +#: book.translate.xml:55346 msgid "Definition" msgstr "定義" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:54967 +#: book.translate.xml:55352 msgid "Forward DNS" -msgstr "" +msgstr "正向 DNS (Forward DNS)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:54968 +#: book.translate.xml:55353 msgid "Mapping of hostnames to IP addresses." -msgstr "" +msgstr "將主機名稱對應 IP 位址的動作。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:54973 +#: book.translate.xml:55358 msgid "Origin" -msgstr "" +msgstr "源頭 (Origin)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:54974 +#: book.translate.xml:55359 msgid "Refers to the domain covered in a particular zone file." -msgstr "" +msgstr "代表某個轄區檔案中所涵蓋的網域。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:54979 +#: book.translate.xml:55364 msgid "named, BIND" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:54980 +#: book.translate.xml:55365 msgid "Common names for the BIND name server package within FreeBSD." -msgstr "" +msgstr "在 FreeBSD 中對 BIND 名稱伺服器套件的通用稱呼。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:54985 +#: book.translate.xml:55370 msgid "Resolver" -msgstr "" +msgstr "解析器 (Resolver)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:54986 +#: book.translate.xml:55371 msgid "" "A system process through which a machine queries a name server for zone " "information." -msgstr "" +msgstr "主機向名稱伺服器查詢轄區資訊的系統程序。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:54991 +#: book.translate.xml:55376 msgid "Reverse DNS" -msgstr "" +msgstr "反向 DNS (Reverse DNS)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:54992 +#: book.translate.xml:55377 msgid "Mapping of IP addresses to hostnames." -msgstr "" +msgstr "將 IP 對應主機名稱的動作。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:54997 +#: book.translate.xml:55382 msgid "Root zone" -msgstr "" +msgstr "根轄區 (Root zone)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:54999 +#: book.translate.xml:55384 msgid "" "The beginning of the Internet zone hierarchy. All zones fall under the root " "zone, similar to how all files in a file system fall under the root " "directory." msgstr "" +"網際網路轄區階層的最開始，所有的轄區會在根轄區之下，類似在檔案系統中所有的檔" +"案會在根目錄底下。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55005 +#: book.translate.xml:55390 msgid "Zone" -msgstr "" +msgstr "轄區 (Zone)" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55006 +#: book.translate.xml:55391 msgid "" "An individual domain, subdomain, or portion of the DNS " "administered by the same authority." msgstr "" +"獨立的網域、子網域或或由相同授權 (Authority) 管理的部分 DNS。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:55014 +#: book.translate.xml:55399 msgid "zones examples" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:55019 +#: book.translate.xml:55404 msgid "Examples of zones:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "轄區範例：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55023 +#: book.translate.xml:55408 msgid "" ". is how the root zone is usually referred to in " "documentation." -msgstr "" +msgstr ". 是一般在文件中表達根轄區的方式。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55028 +#: book.translate.xml:55413 msgid "" "org. is a Top Level Domain (TLD) " "under the root zone." msgstr "" +"org. 是一個在根轄區底下的最上層網域 (Top Level " +"Domain , TLD)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55033 +#: book.translate.xml:55418 msgid "" "example.org. is a zone under " "the org. TLD." msgstr "" +"example.org. 是一個在 " +"org. TLD 底下的轄區。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55039 +#: book.translate.xml:55424 msgid "" "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa is a zone referencing all " "IP addresses which fall under the 192.168.1.* IP address space." msgstr "" +"1.168.192.in-addr.arpa 是一個轄區用來代表所有在 " +"192.168.1.* IP 位址空間底下的 IP 位址。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:55046 +#: book.translate.xml:55431 msgid "" "As one can see, the more specific part of a hostname appears to its left. " "For example, example.org. is " @@ -80603,65 +81173,77 @@ "a hostname is much like a file system: the /dev " "directory falls within the root, and so on." msgstr "" +"如您所見，更詳細的主機名稱會加在左方，例如 example.org. 比 org. 更具體，如同 " +"org. 比根轄區更具體，主機名稱每一部份的架構很像檔案" +"系統：/dev 目錄在根目錄底下，以此類推。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:55055 +#: book.translate.xml:55440 msgid "Reasons to Run a Name Server" -msgstr "要執行名稱伺服器的原因" +msgstr "要架設名稱伺服器的原因" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55057 +#: book.translate.xml:55442 msgid "" "Name servers generally come in two forms: authoritative name servers, and " "caching (also known as resolving) name servers." msgstr "" +"名稱伺服器通常有兩種形式：有權的 (Authoritative) 名稱伺服器與快取 (或稱解析) " +"名稱伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55061 +#: book.translate.xml:55446 msgid "An authoritative name server is needed when:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "以下情況會需要一台有權的名稱伺服器：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55065 +#: book.translate.xml:55450 msgid "" "One wants to serve DNS information to the world, replying " "authoritatively to queries." -msgstr "" +msgstr "想要提供 DNS 資訊給全世界，做為官方回覆查詢。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55070 +#: book.translate.xml:55455 msgid "" "A domain, such as example.org, is registered and IP addresses need to be " "assigned to hostnames under it." msgstr "" +"已經註冊了一個網域，例如 example.org，且要將 IP 位址分配到主機名稱下。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55076 +#: book.translate.xml:55461 msgid "" "An IP address block requires reverse DNS entries (IP to hostname)." msgstr "" +"一段 IP 位址範圍需要反向 DNS 項目 " +"(IP 轉主機名稱)。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55082 +#: book.translate.xml:55467 msgid "A backup or second name server, called a slave, will reply to queries." -msgstr "" +msgstr "要有一台備援或次要名稱伺服器用來回覆查詢。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55087 +#: book.translate.xml:55472 msgid "A caching name server is needed when:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "以下情況會需要一台快取名稱伺服器：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55091 +#: book.translate.xml:55476 msgid "" "A local DNS server may cache and respond more quickly " "than querying an outside name server." msgstr "" +"比起查詢外部的名稱伺服器本地 DNS 伺服器可以快取並更快的回" +"應。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55097 +#: book.translate.xml:55482 msgid "" "When one queries for www.FreeBSD.org, the resolver usually queries the uplink ISPwww.FreeBSD.org 時，解" +"析程式通常會查詢上游 ISP 的名稱伺服器然後接收其回覆，使用" +"本地、快取 DNS 伺服器，只需要由快取 DNS 伺服器對外部做一次查詢，其他的查詢則不需要再向區域網路之外查詢，因為" +"這些資訊已經在本地被快取了。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:55108 +#: book.translate.xml:55493 msgid "DNS Server Configuration in FreeBSD 10.0 and Later" msgstr "DNS 伺服器設定於 FreeBSD 10.0 及之後版本" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55111 +#: book.translate.xml:55496 msgid "" "In FreeBSD 10.0, BIND has been replaced with " "Unbound. Unbound is a " "validating caching resolver only. If an authoritative server is needed, many " "are available from the Ports Collection." msgstr "" +"於 FreeBSD 10.0，BIND 已被替換為 " +"Unbound，Unbound 只會驗" +"證快取解析程式，若需要有權的 (Authoritative) 伺服器，有很多可在 Port 套件集找" +"到。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55117 +#: book.translate.xml:55502 msgid "" "Unbound is provided in the FreeBSD base system. " "By default, it will provide DNS resolution to the local " @@ -80696,30 +81287,38 @@ "requirements be addressed by installing Unbound " "from the FreeBSD Ports Collection." msgstr "" +"Unbound 由 FreeBSD 基礎系統提供，預設只會提供本機" +"的 DNS 解析，雖然基礎系統的套件可被設定提供本機以外的解析" +"服務，但要解決這樣的需求仍建議安裝 FreeBSD Port 套件集中的 " +"Unbound。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55126 +#: book.translate.xml:55511 msgid "" "To enable Unbound, add the following to " "/etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" +"要開啟 Unbound 可加入下行到 /etc/rc." +"conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55129 +#: book.translate.xml:55514 #, no-wrap msgid "local_unbound_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55131 +#: book.translate.xml:55516 msgid "" "Any existing nameservers in /etc/resolv.conf will be " "configured as forwarders in the new Unbound " "configuration." msgstr "" +"任何已存在於 /etc/resolv.conf 中的名稱伺服器會在新的 " +"Unbound 設定中被設為追隨者 (Forwarder)。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:55137 +#: book.translate.xml:55522 msgid "" "If any of the listed nameservers do not support DNSSEC, " "local DNS resolution will fail. Be sure to test each " @@ -80727,37 +81326,45 @@ "show the trust tree or a failure for a nameserver running on 192.168.1.1:" msgstr "" +"若任一個列在清單中的名稱伺服器不支援 DNSSEC，則本地的 " +"DNS 解析便會失敗，請確認有測試每一台名稱伺服器並移除所有測" +"試失敗的項目。以下指令會顯示出信認樹或在 192.168.1.1 上執行失敗的名稱伺服器：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:55145 +#: book.translate.xml:55530 #, no-wrap msgid "% drill -S FreeBSD.org @192.168.1.1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55147 +#: book.translate.xml:55532 msgid "" "Once each nameserver is confirmed to support DNSSEC, " "start Unbound:" msgstr "" +"確認完每一台名稱伺服器都支援 DNSSEC 後啟動 " +"Unbound：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:55151 +#: book.translate.xml:55536 #, no-wrap msgid "# service local_unbound onestart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55153 +#: book.translate.xml:55538 msgid "" "This will take care of updating /etc/resolv.conf so " "that queries for DNSSEC secured domains will now work. " "For example, run the following to validate the FreeBSD.org DNSSEC trust tree:" msgstr "" +"這將會更新 /etc/resolv.conf 來讓查詢已用 " +"DNSSEC 確保安全的網域現在可以運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:55159 +#: book.translate.xml:55544 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% drill -S FreeBSD.org\n" @@ -80782,57 +81389,57 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:55181 +#: book.translate.xml:55566 msgid "DNS Server Configuration in FreeBSD 9.X" msgstr "DNS 伺服器設定於 FreeBSD 9.X" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55184 +#: book.translate.xml:55569 msgid "In FreeBSD, the BIND daemon is called named." -msgstr "" +msgstr "在 FreeBSD 中，會稱 BIND daemon 為 named。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55198 +#: book.translate.xml:55583 msgid "" "named8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55199 +#: book.translate.xml:55584 msgid "The BIND daemon." -msgstr "" +msgstr "BIND daemon 本身。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55203 +#: book.translate.xml:55588 msgid "" "rndc8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55204 +#: book.translate.xml:55589 msgid "Name server control utility." -msgstr "" +msgstr "名稱伺服器控制工具。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55209 +#: book.translate.xml:55594 msgid "Directory where BIND zone information resides." -msgstr "" +msgstr "儲存 BIND 轄區 (Zone) 資訊的目錄。" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:55214 book.translate.xml:55282 +#: book.translate.xml:55599 book.translate.xml:55667 msgid "/etc/namedb/named.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:55215 +#: book.translate.xml:55600 msgid "Configuration file of the daemon." -msgstr "" +msgstr "Daemon 的設定檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:55221 +#: book.translate.xml:55606 msgid "" "Depending on how a given zone is configured on the server, the files related " "to that zone can be found in the master, " @@ -80841,25 +81448,29 @@ "DNS information that will be given out by the name server " "in response to queries." msgstr "" +"依指定轄區在伺服器上設定的方式，與該轄區相關的檔案會存放在 /etc/" +"namedb 目錄中的 master, slave 或 dynamic 子目錄，這些檔案中會含有 " +"DNS 資訊，會在名稱伺服器回覆查詢時使用到。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:55232 +#: book.translate.xml:55617 msgid "Starting BIND" msgstr "啟動 BIND" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:55234 +#: book.translate.xml:55619 msgid "BIND starting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:55239 +#: book.translate.xml:55624 msgid "" "Since BIND is installed by default, configuring it is relatively simple." -msgstr "" +msgstr "由於 BIND 預設已經安裝，要設定它相對簡單。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:55242 +#: book.translate.xml:55627 msgid "" "The default named configuration is that of a " "basic resolving name server, running in a " @@ -80868,22 +81479,28 @@ "loopback address (127.0.0.1). To start the server one time with this " "configuration, use the following command:" msgstr "" +"預設的 named 設定成只做基本的名稱解析伺服器，運作" +"於 chroot8 環境中，並限制只傾聽本地 IPv4 loopback 位址 " +"(127.0.0.1)，若只要使用這個設定啟動伺服器一次可使用以下指令：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:55249 +#: book.translate.xml:55634 #, no-wrap msgid "# service named onestart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:55251 +#: book.translate.xml:55636 msgid "" "To ensure the named daemon is started at boot " "each time, put the following line into the /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" +"要讓 named 在每次開機都會啟動，可加入下行到 " +"/etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:55257 +#: book.translate.xml:55642 msgid "" "There are many configuration options for /etc/namedb/named.conf that are beyond the scope of this document. Other startup options " @@ -80893,26 +81510,36 @@ "refentrytitle>5. The section is also a good read." msgstr "" +"還有許多 /etc/namedb/named.conf 的設定選項以超出本文章的" +"範圍，named 其他在 FreeBSD 上的啟動選項可在 " +"/etc/defaults/rc.conf 與在 " +"rc.conf5 中尋找 named_* 項目，也建議閱讀 " +"一節。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:55270 +#: book.translate.xml:55655 msgid "BIND configuration files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:55275 +#: book.translate.xml:55660 msgid "" "Configuration files for named currently reside in " "/etc/namedb directory and will need modification before " "use unless all that is needed is a simple resolver. This is where most of " "the configuration will be performed." msgstr "" +"named 的設定檔目前儲存在 /etc/namedb 目錄中且使用前必須先做修改，除非您只需要它做簡單的解析，這也是需要" +"做最多設定的地方。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55284 +#: book.translate.xml:55669 #, no-wrap msgid "" -"// $FreeBSD$\n" +"// <_:phrase-1/>\n" "//\n" "// Refer to the named.conf(5) and named(8) man pages, and the documentation\n" "// in /usr/share/doc/bind9 for more details.\n" @@ -80970,7 +81597,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55340 +#: book.translate.xml:55725 msgid "" "Just as the comment says, to benefit from an uplink's cache, " "forwarders can be enabled here. Under normal " @@ -80981,17 +81608,25 @@ "question is a heavily trafficked, fast name server, enabling this may be " "worthwhile." msgstr "" +"如同註解所述，要利用上游的快取功能，可以在此啟動 forwarders，正常的情況下，名稱伺服器會在網際網路上做遞迴查詢來尋找特定名稱伺服" +"器，直到找到要查詢的答案，開啟快取功能會讓名稱伺服器先查詢上游的名稱伺服器 " +"(或自行設定的名稱伺服器) 來利用該伺服器的快取，若查詢的上游名稱伺服器是有規模" +"營運且快速的名稱伺服器，則開啟此功能是相當值得的。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:55352 +#: book.translate.xml:55737 msgid "" "127.0.0.1 will not work here. Change this IP address to a name " "server at the uplink." msgstr "" +"在此處使用 127.0.0.1 會" +"沒有作用，請更改此 IP 位址為上游的名" +"稱伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55358 +#: book.translate.xml:55743 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\t/*\n" @@ -81235,28 +81870,34 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55597 +#: book.translate.xml:55982 msgid "" "In named.conf, these are examples of slave entries for " "a forward and reverse zone." msgstr "" +"在 named.conf 中，這些為正向與反向轄區的備援 (Slave) 項" +"目範例。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55600 +#: book.translate.xml:55985 msgid "" "For each new zone served, a new zone entry must be added to named." "conf." msgstr "" +"每一個要提供的新轄區 (Zone)，都必須在 named.conf 加入新" +"轄區的項目。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55603 +#: book.translate.xml:55988 msgid "" "For example, the simplest zone entry for example.org can look like:" msgstr "" +"以最簡單的轄區項目 example.org 來舉例：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55607 +#: book.translate.xml:55992 #, no-wrap msgid "" "zone \"example.org\" {\n" @@ -81266,15 +81907,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55612 +#: book.translate.xml:55997 msgid "" "The zone is a master, as indicated by the statement, " "holding its zone information in /etc/namedb/master/example.org indicated by the statement." msgstr "" +"該轄區的角色為主要 (Master)，使用 述敘句來指定，該轄區" +"的資訊會儲存在 /etc/namedb/master/example.org，使用 " +" 述敘句來指定。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55618 +#: book.translate.xml:56003 #, no-wrap msgid "" "zone \"example.org\" {\n" @@ -81284,34 +81928,39 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55623 +#: book.translate.xml:56008 msgid "" "In the slave case, the zone information is transferred from the master name " "server for the particular zone, and saved in the file specified. If and when " "the master server dies or is unreachable, the slave name server will have " "the transferred zone information and will be able to serve it." msgstr "" +"若為次要轄區，則會由主要名稱伺服器接收特定轄區的轄區資訊，並儲存到指定的檔" +"案，若主要伺服器故障或無法連線，次要名稱伺服器會有先前接收過的轄區資訊可用來" +"繼續提供服務。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:55632 +#: book.translate.xml:56017 msgid "Zone Files" -msgstr "" +msgstr "轄區檔案" #. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:55634 +#: book.translate.xml:56019 msgid "BIND zone files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55639 +#: book.translate.xml:56024 msgid "" "An example master zone file for example." "org (existing within /etc/namedb/master/example.org) is as follows:" msgstr "" +"example.org 的主要轄區檔範例 " +"(位於 /etc/namedb/master/example.org) 如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55645 +#: book.translate.xml:56030 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$TTL 3600 ; 1 hour default TTL\n" @@ -81345,99 +81994,103 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55674 +#: book.translate.xml:56059 msgid "" "Note that every hostname ending in a . is an exact hostname, " "whereas everything without a trailing . is relative to the " "origin. For example, ns1 is translated into ns1." "example.org." msgstr "" +"注意，每個有以 . 號結尾的主機是完整的主機名稱，也就是說，若沒" +"有以 . 結尾則是該源頭 (Origin) 的相對主機名稱。例如 " +"ns1 會被轉換成 ns1.example.org.。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55680 +#: book.translate.xml:56065 msgid "The format of a zone file follows:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "轄區檔案的格式如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55682 +#: book.translate.xml:56067 #, no-wrap msgid "recordname IN recordtype value" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:55684 +#: book.translate.xml:56069 msgid "" "DNS records" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55689 +#: book.translate.xml:56074 msgid "The most commonly used DNS records:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "最常用到的 DNS 記錄有：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:55694 +#: book.translate.xml:56079 msgid "SOA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55697 +#: book.translate.xml:56082 msgid "start of zone authority" -msgstr "" +msgstr "開始轄區授權 (Authority)" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:55702 +#: book.translate.xml:56087 msgid "NS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55705 +#: book.translate.xml:56090 msgid "an authoritative name server" -msgstr "" +msgstr "一台有權的名稱伺服器" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:55710 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:56095 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "A" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55713 +#: book.translate.xml:56098 msgid "a host address" -msgstr "" +msgstr "主機位址" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:55718 +#: book.translate.xml:56103 msgid "CNAME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55721 +#: book.translate.xml:56106 msgid "the canonical name for an alias" -msgstr "" +msgstr "別名的正規名稱 (Canonical name)" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:55726 +#: book.translate.xml:56111 msgid "MX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55729 +#: book.translate.xml:56114 msgid "mail exchanger" -msgstr "" +msgstr "郵件交換器 (Mail exchanger)" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:55734 +#: book.translate.xml:56119 msgid "PTR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55737 +#: book.translate.xml:56122 msgid "a domain name pointer (used in reverse DNS)" -msgstr "" +msgstr "網域名稱指標 (用在反向 DNS)" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55743 +#: book.translate.xml:56128 #, no-wrap msgid "" "example.org. IN SOA ns1.example.org. admin.example.org. (\n" @@ -81449,45 +82102,48 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:55752 +#: book.translate.xml:56137 msgid "example.org." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55755 +#: book.translate.xml:56140 msgid "the domain name, also the origin for this zone file." -msgstr "" +msgstr "網域名稱，也同樣是此轄區檔案的源頭 (Origin)。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:55761 +#: book.translate.xml:56146 msgid "ns1.example.org." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55764 +#: book.translate.xml:56149 msgid "the primary/authoritative name server for this zone." -msgstr "" +msgstr "此轄區主要/有權的名稱伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:55770 +#: book.translate.xml:56155 msgid "admin.example.org." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55773 +#: book.translate.xml:56158 msgid "" "the responsible person for this zone, email address with @ " "replaced. (admin@example.org becomes admin.example." "org)" msgstr "" +"此轄區的負責人，將 @ 取代後的電子郵件位址。 " +"(admin@example.org 會變成 admin.example.org)" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:55781 +#: book.translate.xml:56166 msgid "2006051501" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:55784 +#: book.translate.xml:56169 msgid "" "the serial number of the file. This must be incremented each time the zone " "file is modified. Nowadays, many admins prefer a yyyymmddrryyyymmddrr 格式來編號，如 2006051501 代" +"表最後一次修改於 2006 年 5 月 15 號，再後面的 01 代表這是" +"在那一天做的第一次修改，序號的編號很重要，因為它會在更新轄區之後用來通知備援 " +"(Slave) 的名稱伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55798 +#: book.translate.xml:56183 #, no-wrap msgid " IN NS ns1.example.org." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55800 +#: book.translate.xml:56185 msgid "" "This is an NS entry. Every name server that is going to reply " "authoritatively for the zone must have one of these entries." msgstr "" +"這是一個 NS 項目，每個要有權力能做回覆的名稱伺服器必須具有至少設定一個項目。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55804 +#: book.translate.xml:56189 #, no-wrap msgid "" "localhost IN A 127.0.0.1\n" @@ -81522,35 +82184,41 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55810 +#: book.translate.xml:56195 msgid "" "The A record indicates machine names. As seen above, ns1.example.org would resolve to 192.168.1.2." msgstr "" +"A 記錄代表主機名稱，以上述例子來說，ns1." +"example.org 會解析為 192.168.1.2。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55814 +#: book.translate.xml:56199 #, no-wrap msgid " IN A 192.168.1.1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55816 +#: book.translate.xml:56201 msgid "" "This line assigns IP address 192.168.1.1 to the current origin, in this case example.org." msgstr "" +"這行會分配 IP 位址 192.168.1.1 給目前的源頭 (Origin)，在這個例子為 example.org。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55820 +#: book.translate.xml:56205 #, no-wrap msgid "www IN CNAME @" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55822 +#: book.translate.xml:56207 msgid "" "The canonical name record is usually used for giving aliases to a machine. " "In the example, www is aliased to the " @@ -81559,24 +82227,32 @@ "(192.168.1.1). CNAMEs can never " "be used together with another kind of record for the same hostname." msgstr "" +"canonical name 記錄通常用來替主機設定別名，在這個例子中 www 是 master 主機的別名，其名稱會與網域名稱 " +"example.org (192.168.1.1) 相同。CNAME 不能與其他類型的記" +"錄同時用在一個主機上。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55836 +#: book.translate.xml:56221 #, no-wrap msgid " IN MX 10 mail.example.org." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55838 +#: book.translate.xml:56223 msgid "" "The MX record indicates which mail servers are responsible for handling " "incoming mail for the zone. mail.example." "org is the hostname of a mail server, and 10 is the priority of " "that mail server." msgstr "" +"MX 記錄用來指定該轄區要負責處理內寄郵件的郵件伺服器，mail.example.org 是郵件伺服器的主機名稱，而 10 " +"是該郵件伺服器的優先順序。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55844 +#: book.translate.xml:56229 msgid "" "One can have several mail servers, with priorities of 10, 20 and so on. A " "mail server attempting to deliver to example.org 會先嘗試優先順序最高的 MX (優先順序數字最低的記錄)，然後第二高" +"的，接著繼續，直到郵件被寄出。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55851 +#: book.translate.xml:56236 msgid "" "For in-addr.arpa zone files (reverse DNS), the same " "format is used, except with PTR entries instead of A or CNAME." msgstr "" +"in-addr.arpa 轄區檔案 (反向 DNS) 也使用相同的格式，除了項" +"目要改使用 PTR 而非 A 或 CNAME。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55855 +#: book.translate.xml:56240 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$TTL 3600\n" @@ -81616,51 +82298,57 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55873 +#: book.translate.xml:56258 msgid "" "This file gives the proper IP address to hostname " "mappings for the above fictitious domain." msgstr "" +"這個檔案會對上述虛擬網域給予 IP 位置到主機名稱的正確對應" +"表。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55877 +#: book.translate.xml:56262 msgid "" "It is worth noting that all names on the right side of a PTR record need to " "be fully qualified (i.e., end in a .)." msgstr "" +"值得注意的是，所有在 PTR 記錄右邊的名字必須要是完整的 (即以 . " +"結尾)。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:55884 +#: book.translate.xml:56269 msgid "Caching Name Server" msgstr "快取名稱伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:55886 +#: book.translate.xml:56271 msgid "BIND caching name server" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:55891 +#: book.translate.xml:56276 msgid "" "A caching name server is a name server whose primary role is to resolve " "recursive queries. It simply asks queries of its own, and remembers the " "answers for later use." msgstr "" +"快取名稱伺服器是一種主要用來解析遞迴查詢的名稱伺服器，它只會詢問自己的查詢並" +"記住結果供以後使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:55898 +#: book.translate.xml:56283 msgid "DNSSEC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:55900 +#: book.translate.xml:56285 msgid "" "BIND DNS security " "extensions" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:55906 +#: book.translate.xml:56291 msgid "" "Domain Name System Security Extensions, or DNSSEC for short, is a suite of " @@ -81680,9 +82368,22 @@ "the relevant RFCs are a good place to start. See the list " "in ." msgstr "" +"網域名稱系統安全性擴充 (Domain Name System Security Extension)，或簡稱 " +"DNSSEC，是一套規" +"範，用來保護解析名稱伺服器收到偽造的 DNS 資料，如：假 " +"DNS 記錄，利用數位簽章，解析器可以驗証記錄的正確性。注意，" +"DNSSEC 只提供透過" +"數位簽署資源記錄 (Resource Records, RR) 的方式來確認正確性，這代表它無法保護要前往 example.net 但卻跑去 example.com 的使用者，DNSSEC 所做的唯一一件事便是認証資料在傳輸時沒有被竄改。DNS 的安全性是保護網際網路重要的一步，要取得更進一步有關 " +"DNSSEC 如何運作的資訊可從相關的 RFC 文" +"件開始，請參考 清單。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:55928 +#: book.translate.xml:56313 msgid "" "The following sections will demonstrate how to enable DNSSEC for an authoritative DNS server and a recursive " @@ -81698,14 +82399,23 @@ "configurations differ between 9.6.2 and 9.7 and later, differences will be " "pointed out." msgstr "" +"接下來的章節會示範如何在一台運行 BIND 9 的有權的 " +"DNS 伺服器與遞迴 (或快取) DNS 伺服器開" +"啟 DNSSEC。雖然所有 BIND 9 的版本階支" +"援 DNSSEC，但要能夠在驗証 DNS 查詢時使" +"用已簽署的根轄區必須使用版本 9.6.2 以上，這是因為較先前的版本缺少必要的演算法" +"來開啟使用根轄區金鑰驗證的功能，強烈建議使用 BIND 9.7 的最" +"新版本或之後的版本以支援根金鑰的自動自動金鑰更新以及自動確保轄區已簽署與更新" +"簽名為最新版的功能，9.6.2 與 9.7 之後版本的設定會有一些差異，差異點會再特別說" +"明。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:55947 +#: book.translate.xml:56332 msgid "Recursive DNS Server Configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55950 +#: book.translate.xml:56335 msgid "" "Enabling DNSSEC validation of queries performed by a " "recursive DNS server requires a few changes to " @@ -81716,22 +82426,27 @@ "by querying the root zone for it using dig. By " "running" msgstr "" +"需要對 named.conf 做一些修改才能開啟遞迴 DNS 伺服器執行查詢 DNSSEC 的驗証，在做這更改前，必須" +"先取得根轄區金鑰或信任的錨點 (Anchor)，目前 BIND 可用的檔" +"案格式不支援根轄區金鑰 (Root zone key)，因此必須手動轉換為需要的格式，金鑰本" +"身可使用 dig 查詢根轄區來取得，透過執行" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:55962 +#: book.translate.xml:56347 #, no-wrap msgid "% dig +multi +noall +answer DNSKEY . > root.dnskey" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55964 +#: book.translate.xml:56349 msgid "" "the key will end up in root.dnskey. The contents should " "look something like this:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "金鑰會儲存到 root.dnskey，其內容應會如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:55968 +#: book.translate.xml:56353 #, no-wrap msgid "" ". 93910 IN DNSKEY 257 3 8 (\n" @@ -81753,7 +82468,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:55985 +#: book.translate.xml:56370 msgid "" "Do not be alarmed if the obtained keys differ from this example. They might " "have changed since these instructions were last updated. This output " @@ -81766,31 +82481,44 @@ "acronym>). More on the different key types later in ." msgstr "" +"若取得的金鑰與此範例不同不要感到訝異，可能在最後一次更新這些操作指示之後有更" +"改過，這個輸出結果實際上包含了兩組金鑰，在清單中的第一組金鑰，即在 DNSKEY 記" +"錄類型之後有數值 257 的這組，是我們需要的，這個數值代表該金鑰是一個 Secure " +"Entry Point (SEP)、俗稱 Key " +"Signing Key (KSK)。第二組金鑰，數" +"值為 256，這是一個附屬金鑰，俗稱 Zone Signing Key (ZSK)。更多有關不同金鑰類型的資訊之後在 會說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56000 +#: book.translate.xml:56385 msgid "" "Now the key must be verified and formatted so that BIND " "can use it. To verify the key, generate a DS RR set. Create a " "file containing these RRs with" msgstr "" +"現在必須驗証這個金鑰並格式化才可供 BIND 使用。產生 " +"DS RR 集來驗証這個金鑰，使用以下指令建立一個包含這些 " +"RR 的檔案" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56007 +#: book.translate.xml:56392 #, no-wrap msgid "% dnssec-dsfromkey -f root.dnskey . > root.ds" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56009 +#: book.translate.xml:56394 msgid "" "These records use SHA-1 and SHA-256 respectively, and should look similar to " "the following example, where the longer is using SHA-256." msgstr "" +"這些記錄分別使用 SHA-1 與 SHA-256，且如下範例所示，使用 SHA-256 的段落較長。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56013 +#: book.translate.xml:56398 #, no-wrap msgid "" ". IN DS 19036 8 1\n" @@ -81799,7 +82527,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56017 +#: book.translate.xml:56402 msgid "" "The SHA-256 RR can now be compared to the digest in https://" @@ -81808,9 +82536,14 @@ "acronym> file should be verified using a proper PGP " "signature." msgstr "" +"SHA-256 RR 現在可以與在 https://data.iana.org/root-anchors/" +"root-anchors.xml 中的 digest 比對。要完全確保該金鑰沒有被竄改，" +"XML 檔案中的資料應使用正確的 PGP 簽名來" +"驗證。" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56024 +#: book.translate.xml:56409 msgid "" "Next, the key must be formatted properly. This differs a little between " "BIND versions 9.6.2 and 9.7 and later. In version 9.7 " @@ -81820,9 +82553,14 @@ "trusted-keys statement and updates must be done manually. " "For BIND 9.6.2 the format should look like:" msgstr "" +"接著，金鑰必須正確的格式化，BIND 版本 9.6.2 與 9.7 及之後" +"的版本有一些不同，在版本 9.7 開始支援自動追蹤對金鑰的變更並在需要的時候更新，" +"這可使用 managed-keys 如下範例所示來達成。若使用較舊的版" +"本，金鑰必須使用 trusted-keys 敘述加入且必須手動更新，供 " +"BIND 9.6.2 的格式如下：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56036 +#: book.translate.xml:56421 #, no-wrap msgid "" "trusted-keys {\n" @@ -81838,12 +82576,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56047 +#: book.translate.xml:56432 msgid "For 9.7 the format will instead be:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "供 9.7 的格式則為：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56049 +#: book.translate.xml:56434 #, no-wrap msgid "" "managed-keys {\n" @@ -81859,7 +82597,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56060 +#: book.translate.xml:56445 msgid "" "The root key can now be added to named.conf either " "directly or by including a file containing the key. After these steps, " @@ -81867,9 +82605,13 @@ "on queries by editing named.conf and adding the " "following to the options directive:" msgstr "" +"現在可以直接或透過引用包含金鑰的檔案將根金鑰 (Root key) 加入到 " +"named.conf，完成這些步驟後，編輯 named.conf 來設定 BIND 執行 DNSSEC 在查" +"詢時驗證並加入以下項目到 options 指示項目中：" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56068 +#: book.translate.xml:56453 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dnssec-enable yes;\n" @@ -81877,7 +82619,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56071 +#: book.translate.xml:56456 msgid "" "To verify that it is actually working use dig to " "make a query for a signed zone using the resolver just configured. A " @@ -81886,13 +82628,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56078 +#: book.translate.xml:56463 #, no-wrap msgid "% dig @resolver +dnssec se ds " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56080 +#: book.translate.xml:56465 msgid "" "should return the DS RR for the " ".se zone. In the flags: section the " @@ -81900,7 +82642,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56086 +#: book.translate.xml:56471 #, no-wrap msgid "" "...\n" @@ -81909,18 +82651,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56090 +#: book.translate.xml:56475 msgid "" "The resolver is now capable of authenticating DNS queries." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:56095 +#: book.translate.xml:56480 msgid "Authoritative DNS Server Configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56098 +#: book.translate.xml:56483 msgid "" "In order to get an authoritative name server to serve a DNSSEC signed zone a little more work is required. A zone is signed using " @@ -81949,7 +82691,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56129 +#: book.translate.xml:56514 msgid "" "To enable DNSSEC for the example.com zone depicted in previous examples, the first " @@ -81962,24 +82704,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56141 +#: book.translate.xml:56526 #, no-wrap msgid "% dnssec-keygen -f KSK -a RSASHA256 -b 2048 -n ZONE example.com" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56143 +#: book.translate.xml:56528 msgid "and to generate the ZSK, run" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56145 +#: book.translate.xml:56530 #, no-wrap msgid "% dnssec-keygen -a RSASHA256 -b 2048 -n ZONE example.com" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56147 +#: book.translate.xml:56532 msgid "" "dnssec-keygen outputs two files, the public and " "the private keys in files named similar to Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn." @@ -81991,7 +82733,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56159 +#: book.translate.xml:56544 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% mv Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.key Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.KSK.key\n" @@ -81999,7 +82741,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56162 +#: book.translate.xml:56547 msgid "" "For the ZSK files, substitute KSK for " "ZSK as necessary. The files can now be included in the " @@ -82008,7 +82750,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56168 +#: book.translate.xml:56553 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$include Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.KSK.key ; KSK\n" @@ -82016,7 +82758,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56171 +#: book.translate.xml:56556 msgid "" "Finally, sign the zone and tell BIND to use the signed " "zone file. To sign a zone dnssec-signzone is " @@ -82026,16 +82768,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56179 +#: book.translate.xml:56564 #, no-wrap -msgid "" -"% dnssec-signzone -o\n" -"\texample.com -k Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.KSK example.com.db\n" -"\tKexample.com.+005+nnnnn.ZSK.key" +msgid "% dnssec-signzone -o example.com -k Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.KSK example.com.db Kexample.com.+005+nnnnn.ZSK.key" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56183 +#: book.translate.xml:56566 msgid "" "The key supplied to the argument is the KSK and the other key file is the ZSK that should be " @@ -82057,7 +82796,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56208 +#: book.translate.xml:56591 msgid "" "Be sure to keep private keys confidential, as with all cryptographic keys. " "When changing a key it is best to include the new key into the zone, while " @@ -82072,12 +82811,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:56224 +#: book.translate.xml:56607 msgid "Automation Using BIND 9.7 or Later" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56227 +#: book.translate.xml:56610 msgid "" "Beginning with BIND version 9.7 a new feature called " "Smart Signing was introduced. This feature aims to make " @@ -82095,7 +82834,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56244 +#: book.translate.xml:56627 #, no-wrap msgid "" "zone example.com {\n" @@ -82108,7 +82847,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:56252 +#: book.translate.xml:56635 msgid "" "After making these changes, generate keys for the zone as explained in , put those keys in the key repository given as " @@ -82121,7 +82860,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56268 +#: book.translate.xml:56651 msgid "" "Although BIND is the most common implementation of DNS, " "there is always the issue of security. Possible and exploitable security " @@ -82129,7 +82868,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56273 +#: book.translate.xml:56656 msgid "" "While FreeBSD automatically drops named into a " "chroot8CERT's security advisories and to subscribe to the named may help." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:56293 +#: book.translate.xml:56676 msgid "Further Reading" msgstr "延伸閱讀" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56295 +#: book.translate.xml:56678 msgid "" "BIND/named manual pages: " "rndc8Official ISC BIND " "Page" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56307 +#: book.translate.xml:56690 msgid "" "Official ISC BIND " "Forum" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56312 +#: book.translate.xml:56695 msgid "" "O'Reilly " "DNS and BIND 5th Edition" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56318 +#: book.translate.xml:56701 msgid "" "Root " "DNSSEC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56323 +#: book.translate.xml:56706 msgid "" "DNSSEC Trust Anchor Publication for " @@ -82212,49 +82951,49 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56329 +#: book.translate.xml:56712 msgid "" "RFC1034 - Domain " "Names - Concepts and Facilities" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56334 +#: book.translate.xml:56717 msgid "" "RFC1035 - Domain " "Names - Implementation and Specification" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56340 +#: book.translate.xml:56723 msgid "" "RFC4033 - " "DNS Security Introduction and Requirements" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56346 +#: book.translate.xml:56729 msgid "" "RFC4034 - Resource " "Records for the DNS Security Extensions" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56352 +#: book.translate.xml:56735 msgid "" "RFC4035 - Protocol " "Modifications for the DNS Security Extensions" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56359 +#: book.translate.xml:56742 msgid "" "RFC4641 - DNSSEC " "Operational Practices" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56364 +#: book.translate.xml:56747 msgid "" "RFC 5011 - Automated " "Updates of DNS Security (DNSSEC Trust " @@ -82262,26 +83001,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:56376 +#: book.translate.xml:56759 msgid "Apache HTTP Server" msgstr "Apache HTTP 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56389 +#: book.translate.xml:56772 msgid "web servers setting up" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:56393 +#: book.translate.xml:56776 msgid "" "The open source Apache HTTP Server is the most " "widely used web server. FreeBSD does not install this web server by default, " "but it can be installed from the www/apache24 package or " "port." msgstr "" +"開放源碼的 Apache HTTP Server 是目前最廣泛被使用的" +"網頁伺服器，FreeBSD 預設並不會安裝這個網頁伺服器，但可從 www/" +"apache24 套件或 Port 安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:56399 +#: book.translate.xml:56782 msgid "" "This section summarizes how to configure and start version 2.x of the Apache HTTP Server on " @@ -82289,19 +83031,23 @@ "application> 2.X and its configuration directives, refer to httpd.apache.org." msgstr "" +"本節將會摘要如何設定並啟動在 FreeBSD 上 2.x 版的 " +"Apache HTTP Server，要取得有關 " +"Apache 更詳細的資訊及其設定項目請參考 httpd.apache.org。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:56406 +#: book.translate.xml:56789 msgid "Configuring and Starting Apache" msgstr "設定並啟動 Apache" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56408 +#: book.translate.xml:56791 msgid "Apache configuration file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56411 +#: book.translate.xml:56794 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, the main Apache HTTP Server " "configuration file is installed as /usr/local/etc/" @@ -82310,14 +83056,19 @@ "ASCII text file begins comment lines with a #. The most frequently modified directives are:" msgstr "" +"在 FreeBSD 中，主 Apache HTTP Server 設定檔會安裝" +"於 /usr/local/etc/apache2x/httpd.conf，其中 x 代表版號，這份 ASCII 文字檔中以 # 做為行首的是註解，而最常需修改的項目" +"有：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:56421 +#: book.translate.xml:56804 msgid "ServerRoot \"/usr/local\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56424 +#: book.translate.xml:56807 msgid "" "Specifies the default directory hierarchy for the Apache installation. Binaries are stored in the binetc/" "apache2x subdirectory." msgstr "" +"指定該 Apache 的預設安裝路徑，Binary 檔會儲存在伺" +"服器根目錄 (Server root) 下的 bin 與 sbin 子目錄，而設定檔會儲存在 etc/apache2x 子目錄。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:56434 +#: book.translate.xml:56817 msgid "ServerAdmin you@example.com" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56437 +#: book.translate.xml:56820 msgid "" "Change this to the email address to receive problems with the server. This " "address also appears on some server-generated pages, such as error documents." msgstr "" +"更改此項目為您要接收問題回報的電子郵件位址，這個位址也會顯示在一些伺服器產生" +"的頁面上，如：錯誤頁面。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:56444 +#: book.translate.xml:56827 msgid "ServerName www.example.com:80" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56448 +#: book.translate.xml:56831 msgid "" "Allows an administrator to set a hostname which is sent back to clients for " "the server. For example, www can be used instead of " @@ -82353,24 +83110,30 @@ "server will listen on an alternate report, change 80 to " "the alternate port number." msgstr "" +"讓管理者可以設定伺服器要回傳給客戶端的主機名稱 (Hostname)，例如，" +"www 可以更改為實際的主機名稱，若系統並未有註冊的 " +"DNS 名稱，則可改輸入其 IP 位址，若伺服" +"器需要傾聽其他埠號，可更改 80 為其他埠號。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:56461 +#: book.translate.xml:56844 msgid "" "DocumentRoot \"/usr/local/www/apache2x/" "data\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:56465 +#: book.translate.xml:56848 msgid "" "The directory where documents will be served from. By default, all requests " "are taken from this directory, but symbolic links and aliases may be used to " "point to other locations." msgstr "" +"提供文件的目錄，預設所有的請求均會到此目錄，但可以使用符號連結與別名來指向其" +"他地方。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56473 +#: book.translate.xml:56856 msgid "" "It is always a good idea to make a backup copy of the default " "Apache configuration file before making changes. " @@ -82379,54 +83142,64 @@ "command>. Running apachectl configtest should return " "Syntax OK." msgstr "" +"在對 Apache 設定檔做變更之前，建議先做備份，在 " +"Apache 設定完成之後，儲存讓檔案並使用 " +"apachectl 檢驗設定，執行 apachectl configtest 的結果應回傳 Syntax OK。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56482 +#: book.translate.xml:56865 msgid "Apache starting or stopping" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56485 +#: book.translate.xml:56868 msgid "" "To launch Apache at system startup, add the " "following line to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" +"要在系統啟動時執行 Apache，可加入下行到 " +"/etc/rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56489 +#: book.translate.xml:56872 #, no-wrap msgid "apache24_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56491 +#: book.translate.xml:56874 msgid "" "If Apache should be started with non-default " "options, the following line may be added to /etc/rc.conf to specify the needed flags:" msgstr "" +"若 Apache 要使用非預設的選項啟動，可加入下行到 " +"/etc/rc.conf 來指定所需的旗標參數：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56496 +#: book.translate.xml:56879 #, no-wrap msgid "apache24_flags=\"\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56498 +#: book.translate.xml:56881 msgid "" "If apachectl does not report configuration " "errors, start httpd now:" msgstr "" +"若 apachectl 未回報設定錯，則可啟動 " +"httpd：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56502 +#: book.translate.xml:56885 #, no-wrap msgid "# service apache24 start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56504 +#: book.translate.xml:56887 msgid "" "The httpd service can be tested by entering " "http://localhost in a web " @@ -82435,37 +83208,48 @@ "default web page that is displayed is /usr/local/www/" "apache24/data/index.html." msgstr "" +"httpd 服務可以透過在網頁瀏覽器中輸入 http://" +"localhost 來測試，將 " +"localhost 更改為執行 httpd 那台" +"主機的完整網域名稱 (Fully-qualified domain name)。預設會顯示的網頁為 " +"/usr/local/www/apache24/data/index." +"html。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56513 +#: book.translate.xml:56896 msgid "" "The Apache configuration can be tested for errors " "after making subsequent configuration changes while httpd " "is running using the following command:" msgstr "" +"後續若有在 httpd 執行中時修改 Apache 設定檔可使用以下指令來測試是否有誤：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56518 +#: book.translate.xml:56901 #, no-wrap msgid "# service apache24 configtest" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:56521 +#: book.translate.xml:56904 msgid "" "It is important to note that configtest is not an " "rc8 standard, and should not be expected to work for all startup " "scripts." msgstr "" +"注意，configtest 並非採用 " +"rc8 標準，不應預期其可在所有的啟動 Script 中正常運作。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:56529 +#: book.translate.xml:56912 msgid "Virtual Hosting" msgstr "虛擬主機" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56531 +#: book.translate.xml:56914 msgid "" "Virtual hosting allows multiple websites to run on one Apache server. The virtual hosts can be IP-basedIP address." msgstr "" +"虛擬主機允許在一個 Apache 伺服器執行多個網站，虛擬" +"主機可以是以 IP 為主 (IP-based) 或以名稱為主 " +"(name-based)。以 IP 為主的虛擬主機" +"中的每一個網站要使用不同的 IP 位址。以名稱為主的虛擬主機會" +"使用客戶端的 HTTP/1.1 標頭來判斷主機名稱，這可讓不同的網站共用相同的 " +"IP 位址。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56541 +#: book.translate.xml:56924 msgid "" "To setup Apache to use name-based virtual " "hosting, add a VirtualHost block for each website. For " @@ -82486,9 +83276,14 @@ "\"fqdomainname\">www.someotherdomain.tld, add the following " "entries to httpd.conf:" msgstr "" +"要設定 Apache 使用以名稱為主的虛擬主機可在每一個網" +"站加入 VirtualHost 區塊，例如，有一個名稱為 www.domain.tld 的主機擁有一個 " +"www.someotherdomain.tld 的虛" +"擬網域，可加入以下項目到 httpd.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56549 +#: book.translate.xml:56932 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<VirtualHost *>\n" @@ -82503,32 +83298,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56559 +#: book.translate.xml:56942 msgid "" "For each virtual host, replace the values for ServerName " "and DocumentRoot with the values to be used." msgstr "" +"每一個虛擬主機均需更改其 ServerName 與 " +"DocumentRoot 的值為實際要使用的值。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56564 +#: book.translate.xml:56947 msgid "" "For more information about setting up virtual hosts, consult the official " "Apache documentation at: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/vhosts/." msgstr "" +"更多有關設定虛擬主機的資訊，可參考 Apache 官方說明" +"文件於：http://" +"httpd.apache.org/docs/vhosts/。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:56570 +#: book.translate.xml:56953 msgid "Apache Modules" msgstr "Apache 模組" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56572 +#: book.translate.xml:56955 msgid "Apache modules" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56575 +#: book.translate.xml:56958 msgid "" "Apache uses modules to augment the functionality " "provided by the basic server. Refer to Apache 使用模組 (Module) 來擴充伺服器所提供的功" +"能。請參考 http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/ 來取得可用模組的完整清單與" +"設定詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56580 +#: book.translate.xml:56963 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, some modules can be compiled with the www/apache24 port. Type make config within /usr/" @@ -82547,29 +83351,34 @@ "FreeBSD Ports Collection provides an easy way to install many modules. This " "section describes three of the most commonly used modules." msgstr "" +"在 FreeBSD 中有些模組可以隨著 www/apache24 Port 編譯，只要" +"在 /usr/ports/www/apache24 輸入 make config 便可查看有那一些模組是預設開啟的，若模組未與 Port 一併編譯，FreeBSD " +"Port 套件集也提供了一個簡單的方式可安裝各種模組，本節將介紹最常使用的三個模" +"組。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:56591 +#: book.translate.xml:56974 msgid "mod_ssl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56593 +#: book.translate.xml:56976 msgid "web servers secure" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56597 +#: book.translate.xml:56980 msgid "SSL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56598 +#: book.translate.xml:56981 msgid "cryptography" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56600 +#: book.translate.xml:56983 msgid "" "The mod_ssl module uses the OpenSSL library to provide strong cryptography via the Secure Sockets " @@ -82578,28 +83387,37 @@ "necessary to request a signed certificate from a trusted certificate signing " "authority to run a secure web server on FreeBSD." msgstr "" +"mod_ssl 模組利用了 OpenSSL 透" +"過 Secure Sockets Layer (SSLv3) 與 Transport Layer " +"Security (TLSv1) 通訊協定來提供強大的加密，這個模組提供了" +"向受信認的憑証簽署機構申請簽章憑証所需的任何東西，讓 FreeBSD 上能夠執行安全的" +"網頁伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56609 +#: book.translate.xml:56992 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, mod_ssl module is enabled by default in " "both the package and the port. The available configuration directives are " "explained at http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_ssl.html." msgstr "" +"在 FreeBSD 中 mod_ssl 模組預設在套件與 Port 均是開啟的，" +"可用的設定項目在 http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_ssl.html 會" +"說明。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:56615 +#: book.translate.xml:56998 msgid "mod_perl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56617 +#: book.translate.xml:57000 msgid "mod_perl Perl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56622 +#: book.translate.xml:57005 msgid "" "The mod_perl module makes it possible to write " "Apache modules in PerlPerl start-up time." msgstr "" +"mod_perl 模組讓您可以使用 Perl 撰寫 Apache 模組，除此之外，嵌入到伺" +"服器的直譯器可避免啟動外部直譯器的額外開銷與 Perl " +"耗費的啟動時間。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56630 +#: book.translate.xml:57013 msgid "" "The mod_perl can be installed using the www/" "mod_perl2 package or port. Documentation for using this module can " "be found at http://perl.apache.org/docs/2.0/index.html." msgstr "" +"mod_perl 可以使用 www/mod_perl2 套件" +"或 Port 安裝，有關使用此模組的說明文件可在 http://perl.apache.org/docs/2.0/index.html 中找到。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:56637 +#: book.translate.xml:57020 msgid "mod_php" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56650 +#: book.translate.xml:57033 msgid "mod_php PHP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56655 +#: book.translate.xml:57038 msgid "" "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) " "is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web " @@ -82637,9 +83463,14 @@ "and Perl with the intention of allowing web " "developers to write dynamically generated webpages quickly." msgstr "" +"PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) " +"是一般用途的腳本 (Script) 語言，特別適用於網站開發，能夠嵌入在 " +"HTML 當中，它的語法參考自 C, " +"Java 及 Perl，目的在讓網頁" +"開發人員能快速的寫出動態網頁。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56664 +#: book.translate.xml:57047 msgid "" "To gain support for PHP5 for the Apache web server, install the www/mod_php56 " @@ -82648,86 +83479,103 @@ "automatically add this line to /usr/local/etc/" "apache24/httpd.conf:" msgstr "" +"要在 Apache 網頁伺服器上加入對 PHP5 的支援，可安裝 www/mod_php56 套件或 Port，這會安" +"裝並設定支援動態 PHP 應用程式所需的模組。安裝過程會自動加" +"入下行到 /usr/local/etc/apache24/httpd." +"conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56672 +#: book.translate.xml:57055 #, no-wrap msgid "LoadModule php5_module libexec/apache24/libphp5.so" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56687 +#: book.translate.xml:57070 msgid "" "Then, perform a graceful restart to load the PHP module:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "接著，執行 graceful 重新啟動來載入 PHP 模組：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56690 book.translate.xml:56709 +#: book.translate.xml:57073 book.translate.xml:57092 #, no-wrap msgid "# apachectl graceful" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56692 +#: book.translate.xml:57075 msgid "" "The PHP support provided by www/mod_php56 is limited. Additional support can be installed using the " "lang/php56-extensions port which provides a menu driven " "interface to the available PHP extensions." msgstr "" +"由 www/mod_php56 所提供的 PHP 支援是有" +"限的，若需要額外的支援可以使用 lang/php56-extensions Port " +"來安裝，該 Port 提供了選單介面來選擇可用的 PHP 擴充套件。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56699 +#: book.translate.xml:57082 msgid "" "Alternatively, individual extensions can be installed using the appropriate " "port. For instance, to add PHP support for the " "MySQL database server, install databases/" "php56-mysql." msgstr "" +"或者，可以找到適當的 Port 來安裝各別的擴充套件，例如，要增加 PHP 對 MySQL 資料庫伺服器的支援可安裝 " +"databases/php56-mysql。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56705 +#: book.translate.xml:57088 msgid "" "After installing an extension, the Apache server " "must be reloaded to pick up the new configuration changes:" msgstr "" +"在安裝完擴充套件之後，必須重新載入 Apache 伺服器來" +"使用新的設定值：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:56714 +#: book.translate.xml:57097 msgid "Dynamic Websites" msgstr "動態網站" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56716 +#: book.translate.xml:57099 msgid "web servers dynamic" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56721 +#: book.translate.xml:57104 msgid "" "In addition to mod_perl and mod_php, other languages are available for creating dynamic web " "content. These include Django and " "Ruby on Rails." msgstr "" +"除了 mod_perl 與 mod_php 外，也有其他語言可用來建立動態網頁內容，這包含了 " +"Django 與 Ruby on Rails。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:56728 +#: book.translate.xml:57111 msgid "Django" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56730 +#: book.translate.xml:57113 msgid "Python" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56731 +#: book.translate.xml:57114 msgid "Django" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56733 +#: book.translate.xml:57116 msgid "" "Django is a BSD-licensed framework designed to " "allow developers to write high performance, elegant web applications " @@ -82738,9 +83586,15 @@ "an extensible template system so that the logic of the application is " "separated from the HTML presentation." msgstr "" +"Django 是以 BSD 授權的框架 (Framework)，指在讓開發" +"人員能快速的寫出高效、優雅的網頁應用程式。它提供了物件關聯對應器 (Object-" +"relational mapper)，所以各種資料型態可當做 Python " +"的物件來開發，且提供了豐富的動態資料庫存取 API 給這些物" +"件，讓開發人員不再需要寫 SQL。它也同時提供了可擴充的樣板系" +"統，來讓應用程式的邏輯與 HTML 呈現能夠被拆開。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56745 +#: book.translate.xml:57128 msgid "" "Django depends on mod_python, and an SQL database engine. In FreeBSD, the www/py-django " @@ -82751,9 +83605,16 @@ "make config within /usr/ports/www/py-django, then install the port." msgstr "" +"Django 需要 mod_python，以及一個 SQL " +"資料庫引擎才能運作。在 FreeBSD 中的 www/py-django Port 會" +"自動安裝 mod_python 以及對 PostgreSQL, MySQL 或 SQLite 資料庫的支援，預設為 SQLite，要更改資" +"料庫引擎可在 /usr/ports/www/py-django 輸入 " +"make config 然後再安裝該 Port。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56757 +#: book.translate.xml:57140 msgid "" "Once Django is installed, the application will " "need a project directory along with the Apache " @@ -82761,18 +83622,25 @@ "interpreter. This interpreter is used to call the application for specific " "URLs on the site." msgstr "" +"Django 安裝完成之後，應用程式會需要一個專案目錄並" +"搭配 Apache 設定才能使用內嵌的 " +"Python 直譯器，此直譯器會用來呼叫網站上指定 " +"URL 的應用程式。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56765 +#: book.translate.xml:57148 msgid "" "To configure Apache to pass requests for certain " "URLs to the web application, add the following to " "httpd.conf, specifying the full path to the project " "directory:" msgstr "" +"要設定 Apache 傳遞某個 URL 請求" +"到網站應用程式，可加入下行到 httpd.conf 來指定專案目錄的" +"完整路徑：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56771 +#: book.translate.xml:57154 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<Location \"/\">\n" @@ -82786,25 +83654,28 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56780 +#: book.translate.xml:57163 msgid "" "Refer to https://docs." "djangoproject.com for more information on how to use " "Django." msgstr "" +"請參考 https://docs." +"djangoproject.com 來取得如何使用 Django 的更" +"多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:56786 +#: book.translate.xml:57169 msgid "Ruby on Rails" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56788 +#: book.translate.xml:57171 msgid "Ruby on Rails" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56790 +#: book.translate.xml:57173 msgid "" "Ruby on Rails is another open source web " "framework that provides a full development stack. It is optimized to make " @@ -82812,36 +83683,47 @@ "quickly. On FreeBSD, it can be installed using the www/rubygem-" "rails package or port." msgstr "" +"Ruby on Rails 是另外一套開放源碼的網站框架 " +"(Framework)，提供了完整的開發堆疊，這使得網頁開發人員可以更有生產力且能夠快速" +"的寫出強大的應用程式，在 FreeBSD 它可以使用 www/rubygem-rails 套件或 Port 安裝。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:56797 +#: book.translate.xml:57180 msgid "" "Refer to http://guides." "rubyonrails.org for more information on how to use Ruby " "on Rails." msgstr "" +"請參考 http://guides." +"rubyonrails.org 來取得更多有關如何使用 Ruby on Rails 的資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:56816 +#: book.translate.xml:57199 msgid "File Transfer Protocol (FTP)" msgstr "檔案傳輸協定 (FTP)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56818 +#: book.translate.xml:57201 msgid "FTP servers" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:56821 +#: book.translate.xml:57204 msgid "" "The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) provides users with a " "simple way to transfer files to and from an FTP server. " "FreeBSD includes FTP server software, ftpd, in the base system." msgstr "" +"檔案傳輸協定 (File Transfer Protocol, FTP) 提供了使用一個" +"簡單的方式能夠將檔案傳輸到與接收自 FTP 伺服器，FreeBSD 內" +"建了 FTP 伺服器軟體 ftpd 在基礎" +"系統 (Base system) 中。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:56827 +#: book.translate.xml:57210 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides several configuration files for controlling access to the " "FTP server. This section summarizes these files. Refer to " @@ -82849,9 +83731,13 @@ "citerefentry> for more details about the built-in FTP " "server." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 提供了多個設定檔來控制對 FTP 伺服器的存取，本節將" +"摘要這些檔案的設定方式，請參考 ftpd8 來取得更多有關內建 " +"FTP 伺服器的詳細資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56835 +#: book.translate.xml:57218 msgid "" "The most important configuration step is deciding which accounts will be " "allowed access to the FTP server. A FreeBSD system has a " @@ -82861,9 +83747,14 @@ "system accounts. Additional users that should not be allowed access to " "FTP can be added." msgstr "" +"最重要的一個設定步驟便是決定那些帳號能夠存取 FTP 伺服器，" +"FreeBSD 系統有數個系統帳號，這些帳號不應該能夠擁有 FTP 存" +"取權，不允許存取 FTP 的使用者清單可在 /etc/" +"ftpusers 找到，預設該檔案內會有所有的系統帳號，其他不應允許存取 " +"FTP 的使用者也可在此加入。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56844 +#: book.translate.xml:57227 msgid "" "In some cases it may be desirable to restrict the access of some users " "without preventing them completely from using FTP. This " @@ -82872,15 +83763,20 @@ "refentrytitle>5. This file lists users " "and groups subject to FTP access restrictions." msgstr "" +"在某些情況可能會布望限制某些使用者的存取，而不是完全避免這些使用者使用 " +"FTP，這可以透過建立 /etc/ftpchroot 來" +"完成，詳如 ftpchroot5 所述，這個檔案會列出受" +"到 FTP 存取限制的使用者與群組。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56851 book.translate.xml:56909 +#: book.translate.xml:57234 book.translate.xml:57292 msgid "" "FTP anonymous" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56856 +#: book.translate.xml:57239 msgid "" "To enable anonymous FTP access to the server, create a " "user named ftp on the FreeBSD " @@ -82893,9 +83789,18 @@ "citerefentry> when an anonymous user logs in, to restrict access to only the " "home directory of the ftp user." msgstr "" +"要在伺服器上開啟匿名 FTP 存取權，可在 FreeBSD 系統上建立一" +"個名稱為 ftp 使用者，使用者將能夠" +"使用 ftp 或 anonymous 使用者名稱來登入 FTP " +"伺服器，當提示輸入密碼時，輸入任何值都會被接受，但是慣例上應使用電子郵件位址" +"來當做密碼。當匿名使用者登入時 FTP 伺服器會呼叫 " +"chroot2 來限制使用者只能存取 ftp 使用者的家目錄。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56867 +#: book.translate.xml:57250 msgid "" "There are two text files that can be created to specify welcome messages to " "be displayed to FTP clients. The contents of /" @@ -82905,51 +83810,58 @@ "relative to the login environment, so the contents of ~ftp/etc/" "ftpmotd would be displayed for anonymous users." msgstr "" +"要設定顯示給 FTP 客戶端的歡迎訊息有兩個文字檔可以建立，" +"/etc/ftpwelcome 的內容會在收到登入提示前顯示給使用者看，" +"登入成功能後，則會顯示 /etc/ftpmotd 的內容。注意，這個檔" +"案的路徑是相對於登入環境的，所以 ~ftp/etc/ftpmotd 的內容" +"只會對匿名使用者顯示。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56879 +#: book.translate.xml:57262 msgid "" "Once the FTP server has been configured, set the " "appropriate variable in /etc/rc.conf to start the " "service during boot:" msgstr "" +"設定完 FTP 伺服器之後，在 /etc/rc.conf 設定適當的變數來在開機時啟動該服務：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56884 +#: book.translate.xml:57267 #, no-wrap msgid "ftpd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56886 +#: book.translate.xml:57269 msgid "To start the service now:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "要立即啟動服務可：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56888 +#: book.translate.xml:57271 #, no-wrap msgid "# service ftpd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56890 +#: book.translate.xml:57273 msgid "Test the connection to the FTP server by typing:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "要測試到 FTP 伺服器的連線可輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:56893 +#: book.translate.xml:57276 #, no-wrap msgid "% ftp localhost" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56896 +#: book.translate.xml:57279 msgid "" "log files FTP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56899 +#: book.translate.xml:57282 msgid "" "The ftpd daemon uses " "syslog3. The location of the FTP log can be modified by " "changing the following line in /etc/syslog.conf:" msgstr "" +"ftpd daemon 會使用 " +"syslog3 來記錄訊息，預設，系統記錄 Daemon 會寫入有關 FTP 的訊息到 /var/log/xferlog，FTP 記錄的位置可以透過更改 /etc/syslog.conf 中下行" +"來做修改：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56907 +#: book.translate.xml:57290 #, no-wrap msgid "ftp.info /var/log/xferlog" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:56915 +#: book.translate.xml:57298 msgid "" "Be aware of the potential problems involved with running an anonymous " "FTP server. In particular, think twice about allowing " @@ -82976,9 +83894,14 @@ "then verify the permissions so that these files cannot be read by other " "anonymous users until they have been reviewed by an administrator." msgstr "" +"要注意啟動匿名 FTP 伺服器可能的潛藏問題，尤其是要讓匿名使" +"用者上傳檔案時要再次確認，因為這可能讓該 FTP 站變成用來交" +"換未授權商業軟體的交流平台或者更糟的狀況。若真的需要匿名 FTP 上傳，那麼請檢查權限設定，讓這些檔案在尚未被管理者審查前不能夠被其他" +"匿名使用者讀取。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:56940 +#: book.translate.xml:57323 msgid "" "File and Print Services for Microsoft Windows Clients " @@ -82988,27 +83911,27 @@ "\"registered\">Windows 用戶端檔案與列印服務 (Samba)" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56943 +#: book.translate.xml:57326 msgid "Samba server" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56944 +#: book.translate.xml:57327 msgid "Microsoft Windows" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56945 +#: book.translate.xml:57328 msgid "file server Windows clients" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:56949 +#: book.translate.xml:57332 msgid "print server Windows clients" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:56954 +#: book.translate.xml:57337 msgid "" "Samba is a popular open source software package " "that provides file and print services using the SMB/CIFS " @@ -83021,9 +83944,17 @@ "be mapped as a local disk drive and shared printers can be used as if they " "were local printers." msgstr "" +"Samba 是熱門的開放源碼軟體套件，使用 SMB/" +"CIFS 通訊協定提供檔案與列印服務，此通訊協定內建於 Microsoft Windows 系統，在非 Microsoft Windows 的系統可透過安" +"裝 Samba 客戶端程式庫來支援此協定。此通訊協定讓客" +"戶端可以存取共享的資料與印表機，這些共享的資源可掛載到一個本機的磁碟機，而共" +"享的印表機則可以當做本機的印表機使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:56964 +#: book.translate.xml:57347 msgid "" "On FreeBSD, the Samba client libraries can be " "installed using the net/samba-smbclient port or package. " @@ -83031,34 +83962,48 @@ "CIFS shares in a Microsoft Windows network." msgstr "" +"在 FreeBSD 上，可以使用 net/samba-smbclient Port 或套件來" +"安裝 Samba 客戶端程式庫，這個客戶端提供了讓 " +"FreeBSD 系統能存取 SMB/CIFS 在 Microsoft Windows 網路中共享的資源。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:56971 +#: book.translate.xml:57354 msgid "" "A FreeBSD system can also be configured to act as a Samba server by installing the net/samba43 port or " +"application> server by installing the net/samba46 port or " "package. This allows the administrator to create SMB/" "CIFS shares on the FreeBSD system which can be accessed " "by clients running Microsoft Windows or the " "Samba client libraries." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 系統也可以透過安裝 net/samba46 Port 或套件來設定" +"成 Samba 伺服器，這讓管理者可以在 FreeBSD 系統上建" +"立 SMB/CIFS 的共享資源，讓執行 " +"Microsoft Windows 或 Samba 客戶端" +"程式庫的客戶端能夠存取。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:56981 +#: book.translate.xml:57364 msgid "Server Configuration" msgstr "伺服器設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56983 +#: book.translate.xml:57366 msgid "" "Samba is configured in /usr/local/etc/" "smb4.conf. This file must be created before Samba can be used." msgstr "" +"Samba 的設定位於 /usr/local/etc/smb4." +"conf，必須先設定這個檔案才可使用 Samba。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:56988 +#: book.translate.xml:57371 msgid "" "A simple smb4.conf to share directories and printers " "with Windows clients in a " @@ -83067,9 +84012,14 @@ "refentrytitle>8 to create the initial " "smb4.conf." msgstr "" +"要共享目錄與印表機給在工作群組中的 Windows 客戶端的簡易 smb4.conf 範例如下。對於涉及 " +"LDAP 或 Active Directory 的複雜安裝，可使用 " +"samba-tool8 來建立初始的 smb4.conf。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:56995 +#: book.translate.xml:57378 #, no-wrap msgid "" "[global]\n" @@ -83094,86 +84044,96 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:57016 +#: book.translate.xml:57399 msgid "Global Settings" msgstr "全域設定" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57018 +#: book.translate.xml:57401 msgid "" "Settings that describe the network are added in /usr/local/etc/" "smb4.conf:" msgstr "" +"在 /usr/local/etc/smb4.conf 中加入用來描述網路環境的設定" +"有：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:57023 +#: book.translate.xml:57406 msgid "workgroup" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57026 +#: book.translate.xml:57409 msgid "The name of the workgroup to be served." -msgstr "" +msgstr "要提供的工作群組名稱。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:57031 +#: book.translate.xml:57414 msgid "netbios name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57034 +#: book.translate.xml:57417 msgid "" "The NetBIOS name by which a Samba server is " "known. By default, it is the same as the first component of the host's " "DNS name." msgstr "" +"Samba 伺服器已知的 NetBIOS 名稱，預設為主機的 " +"DNS 名稱第一節。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:57042 +#: book.translate.xml:57425 msgid "server string" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57045 +#: book.translate.xml:57428 msgid "" "The string that will be displayed in the output of net view and some other networking tools that seek to display descriptive " "text about the server." msgstr "" +"會顯示於 net view 輸出結果以及其他會尋找伺服器描述文字並顯" +"示的網路工具的文字。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:57053 +#: book.translate.xml:57436 msgid "wins support" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57056 +#: book.translate.xml:57439 msgid "" "Whether Samba will act as a WINS server. Do not enable support for WINS on more " "than one server on the network." msgstr "" +"不論 Samba 是否要作為 WINS 伺服" +"器，請不要在網路上開啟超過一台伺服器的 WINS 功能。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:57066 +#: book.translate.xml:57449 msgid "Security Settings" msgstr "安全性設定" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57068 +#: book.translate.xml:57451 msgid "" "The most important settings in /usr/local/etc/smb4.conf " "are the security model and the backend password format. These directives " "control the options:" msgstr "" +"在 /usr/local/etc/smb4.conf 中最重要的設定便是安全性模式" +"以及後端密碼格式，以下項目管控的選項有：" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:57075 +#: book.translate.xml:57458 msgid "security" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57078 +#: book.translate.xml:57461 msgid "" "The most common settings are security = share and " "security = user. If the clients use usernames that are " @@ -83181,33 +84141,40 @@ "should be used. This is the default security policy and it requires clients " "to first log on before they can access shared resources." msgstr "" +"最常見的設定為 security = share 以及 security = " +"user，若客戶端使用的使用者名稱與在 FreeBSD 主機上使用的使用者名稱相" +"同，則應該使用使用者 (user) 層級的安全性，這是預設的安全性原則且它會要求客戶" +"端在存取共享資源前先登入。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57087 +#: book.translate.xml:57470 msgid "" "In share level security, clients do not need to log onto the server with a " "valid username and password before attempting to connect to a shared " "resource. This was the default security model for older versions of " "Samba." msgstr "" +"安全性為共享 (share) 層級時，客戶端存取共享資源不需要先使用有效的使用者名稱與" +"密碼登入伺服器，在是在舊版 Samba 所採用的預設安全" +"性模式。" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:57096 +#: book.translate.xml:57479 msgid "passdb backend" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57099 +#: book.translate.xml:57482 msgid "NIS+" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57101 +#: book.translate.xml:57484 msgid "SQL database" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57103 +#: book.translate.xml:57486 msgid "" "Samba has several different backend " "authentication models. Clients may be authenticated with LDAP, NIS+, an SQL " @@ -83217,14 +84184,19 @@ "literal> is recommended. smbpasswd was the former default " "and is now obsolete." msgstr "" +"Samba 支援數種不同的後端認証模式，客戶端可以使用 " +"LDAP, NIS+, SQL 資料庫或修改過的密碼檔來認証，建議的認証方式是 " +"tdbsam，適用於簡易的網路環境且在此處說明，對於較大或更複雜" +"的網路則較建議使用 ldapsam，而 smbpasswd 是舊版的預設值，現在已廢棄不使用。" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:57120 +#: book.translate.xml:57503 msgid "Samba Users" msgstr "Samba 使用者" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57122 +#: book.translate.xml:57505 msgid "" "FreeBSD user accounts must be mapped to the SambaSAMAccount database for Windows " @@ -83232,58 +84204,67 @@ "pdbedit8:" msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 使用者帳號必須對應 SambaSAMAccount 資料庫， 才能" +"讓 Windows 客戶端存取共享資源，要" +"對應既有的 FreeBSD 使用者帳號可使用 pdbedit8：" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57128 +#: book.translate.xml:57511 #, no-wrap msgid "# pdbedit -a username" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57130 +#: book.translate.xml:57513 msgid "" "This section has only mentioned the most commonly used settings. Refer to " "the Official Samba HOWTO for additional information about " "the available configuration options." msgstr "" +"本節只會提到一些最常用的設定，請參考 官方 Samba HOWTO 來取得有關可" +"用設定選項的額外資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:57138 +#: book.translate.xml:57521 msgid "Starting Samba" msgstr "啟動 Samba" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57140 +#: book.translate.xml:57523 msgid "" "To enable Samba at boot time, add the following " "line to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" +"要在開機時啟動 Samba，可加入下行到 /etc/" +"rc.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57144 +#: book.translate.xml:57527 #, no-wrap msgid "samba_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57146 +#: book.translate.xml:57529 msgid "To enable Samba4, use:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "要啟動 Samba4 可使用：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57147 +#: book.translate.xml:57530 #, no-wrap msgid "samba_server_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57149 +#: book.translate.xml:57532 msgid "To start Samba now:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "要立即啟動 Samba：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57151 +#: book.translate.xml:57534 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service samba start\n" @@ -83293,33 +84274,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57156 +#: book.translate.xml:57539 msgid "" "Samba consists of three separate daemons. Both " "the nmbd and smbd " "daemons are started by samba_enable. If winbind name " "resolution is also required, set:" msgstr "" +"Samba 由三個獨立的 Daemon 所組成，" +"nmbd 與 smbd daemon 可" +"透過 samba_enable 來啟動，若同時也需要 winbind 名稱解析服" +"務則需額外設定：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57162 +#: book.translate.xml:57545 #, no-wrap msgid "winbindd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57164 +#: book.translate.xml:57547 msgid "Samba can be stopped at any time by typing:" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Samba 可以隨時停止，要停止可輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57167 +#: book.translate.xml:57550 #, no-wrap msgid "# service samba stop" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57169 +#: book.translate.xml:57552 msgid "" "Samba is a complex software suite with " "functionality that allows broad integration with http://www.samba.org." msgstr "" +"Samba 是一套擁有能整合 Microsoft Windows 網路功能的複雜軟體套件，除了在此處說明的基礎設定，要取" +"得更多的功能資訊，請參考 http://www." +"samba.org。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:57189 +#: book.translate.xml:57572 msgid "Clock Synchronization with NTP" msgstr "NTP 時間校對" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57191 +#: book.translate.xml:57574 msgid "NTP ntpd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57195 +#: book.translate.xml:57578 msgid "" "Over time, a computer's clock is prone to drift. This is problematic as many " "network services require the computers on a network to share the same " @@ -83348,9 +84338,13 @@ "stay consistent. The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is one " "way to provide clock accuracy in a network." msgstr "" +"隨著使用時間，電腦的時鐘會逐漸偏移，這對需要網路上電腦有相同準確度時間的許多" +"網路服務來說是一個大問題。準確的時間同樣能確保檔案時間戳記的一致性。網路時間" +"協定 (Network Time Protocol, NTP) 是一種在網路上可以確保時" +"間準確的方式。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57202 +#: book.translate.xml:57585 msgid "" "FreeBSD includes ntpd8 which can be " @@ -83363,36 +84357,48 @@ "When choosing a public NTP server, select one that is " "geographically close and review its usage policy." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 內建 ntpd8 可以設定來查詢其他 NTP 伺服器來" +"同步在該主機的時間或者提供時間服務給其他在網路上的電腦，查詢的伺服器可以為在" +"網路上的本地主機或者由 ISP 提供。除此之外也有 開放存取的 " +"NTP 伺服器線上清單，當要使用開放的 NTP 伺服器，請選擇地理位置較近的並檢查該服務的使用方針。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57213 +#: book.translate.xml:57596 msgid "" "Choosing several NTP servers is recommended in case one " "of the servers becomes unreachable or its clock proves unreliable. As " "ntpd receives responses, it favors reliable " "servers over the less reliable ones." msgstr "" +"建議選擇多個 NTP 伺服器，以避免萬一某一台伺服器無法連線，" +"或者該伺服器的時間變的不可靠，當 ntpd 收到回應，會" +"自動先選擇可靠的伺服器。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57219 +#: book.translate.xml:57602 msgid "" "This section describes how to configure ntpd on " "FreeBSD. Further documentation can be found in /usr/share/doc/ntp/" " in HTML format." msgstr "" +"本節將會介紹如何設定 FreeBSD 上的 ntpd，更進一步的" +"說明文件可於 /usr/share/doc/ntp/ 找到 HTML 格式的版本。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:57225 +#: book.translate.xml:57608 msgid "NTP Configuration" msgstr "NTP 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57227 +#: book.translate.xml:57610 msgid "NTP ntp.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57231 +#: book.translate.xml:57614 msgid "" "On FreeBSD, the built-in ntpd can be used to " "synchronize a system's clock. To enable ntpd at " @@ -83403,22 +84409,32 @@ "ntpd8 for details." msgstr "" +"在 FreeBSD，內建的 ntpd 可用來同步系統的時間，要在" +"開機時開啟 ntpd，可加入 ntpd_enable=\"YES" +"\" 到 /etc/rc.conf，也可在 /etc/rc." +"conf 設定其他的變數，請參考 rc.conf5 與 " +"ntpd8 來了解詳情。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57240 +#: book.translate.xml:57623 msgid "" "This application reads /etc/ntp.conf to determine which " "NTP servers to query. Here is a simple example of an " "/etc/ntp.conf:" msgstr "" +"該應用程式會讀取 /etc/ntp.conf 來得知要查詢那一個 " +"NTP 伺服器，這裡有一個簡單的 /etc/ntp.conf 範例：" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:57246 +#: book.translate.xml:57629 msgid "Sample /etc/ntp.conf" msgstr "/etc/ntp.conf 範例" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57248 +#: book.translate.xml:57631 #, no-wrap msgid "" "server ntplocal.example.com prefer\n" @@ -83429,7 +84445,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57255 +#: book.translate.xml:57638 msgid "" "The format of this file is described in ntp." "conf5. The " @@ -83442,9 +84458,16 @@ "known to be highly accurate, such as those with special time monitoring " "hardware." msgstr "" +"這個檔案的格式在 ntp.conf5 有說明，" +"server 選項設定了要查詢那一些伺服器，每一行列一個伺服器。" +"若伺服項目中含有 prefer，則會較偏好使用該伺服器。從偏好伺" +"服器收到的回應若明顯與他伺服器的回應差異過大則會被放棄，否則都會以偏好的伺服" +"器為主。prefer 參數只應用在已知高度準確的 NTP 伺服器上，例如那些有特別在監控時間的硬體。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57267 +#: book.translate.xml:57650 msgid "" "The driftfile entry specifies which file is used to store " "the system clock's frequency offset. ntpd uses " @@ -83455,9 +84478,14 @@ "Since this file contains internal information for NTP, it " "should not be modified." msgstr "" +"driftfile 項目用來指定要使用那一個檔案儲存系統時間的頻率偏" +"移量，ntpd 會使用這個檔來自動補償時間的自然偏移，" +"讓時間即始在切斷所有外部時間來源一段時間時仍能夠保持合理的設定值。這個檔案也" +"會儲存有關前次由 NTP 伺服器收到的回應，由於這個檔案包含供 " +"NTP 使用的內部資訊，所以不應手動修改。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57278 +#: book.translate.xml:57661 msgid "" "By default, an NTP server is accessible to any network " "host. The restrict option in /etc/ntp.confNTP " "server, add the following line to /etc/ntp.conf:" msgstr "" +"預設，NTP 伺服器是開放給任何網路主機存取的，在 /" +"etc/ntp.conf 中的 restrict 選項可以用來控制那些" +"系統可以存取該伺服器。例如，要拒絕所有主機的存取，可加入下行到 /" +"etc/ntp.conf：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57286 +#: book.translate.xml:57669 #, no-wrap msgid "restrict default ignore" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:57289 +#: book.translate.xml:57672 msgid "" "This will also prevent access from other NTP servers. If " "there is a need to synchronize with an external NTP " @@ -83481,59 +84513,75 @@ "ntp.conf5 for more information." msgstr "" +"這將會避免其他 NTP 伺服器的存取，若有需要與一個外部 " +"NTP 伺服器同步，則可以只允許該伺服器。請參考 " +"ntp.conf5 來取得更多資訊。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57296 +#: book.translate.xml:57679 msgid "" "To allow machines within the network to synchronize their clocks with the " "server, but ensure they are not allowed to configure the server or be used " "as peers to synchronize against, instead use:" msgstr "" +"要允許在網路內的主機與伺服器同步時間，但要確保這些主機不允許設定伺服器或者被" +"這些主機當作同輩的主機相互同步，可改使用：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57301 +#: book.translate.xml:57684 #, no-wrap msgid "restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57303 +#: book.translate.xml:57686 msgid "" "where 192.168.1.0 is the local " "network address and 255.255.255.0 " "is the network's subnet mask." msgstr "" +"其中 192.168.1.0 是本地網路的位" +"址，而 255.255.255.0 是網路的子遮" +"罩。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57307 +#: book.translate.xml:57690 msgid "" "Multiple restrict entries are supported. For more " "details, refer to the Access Control Support subsection " "of ntp.conf5." msgstr "" +"也支援多個 restrict 項目，要取得詳細的資料，請參考 " +"ntp.conf5 的 Access Control Support 子章" +"節。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57312 +#: book.translate.xml:57695 msgid "" "Once ntpd_enable=\"YES\" has been added to /etc/" "rc.conf, ntpd can be started now " "without rebooting the system by typing:" msgstr "" +"ntpd_enable=\"YES\" 加入到 /etc/rc.conf 之後，ntpd 便可不需重新開機立即啟動，只" +"要輸入：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57317 +#: book.translate.xml:57700 #, no-wrap msgid "# service ntpd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:57321 +#: book.translate.xml:57704 msgid "Using NTP with a PPP Connection" msgstr "在 PPP 連線使用 NTP" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57324 +#: book.translate.xml:57707 msgid "" "ntpd does not need a permanent connection to the " "Internet to function properly. However, if a PPP " @@ -83542,9 +84590,13 @@ "connection alive. This can be configured with filter " "directives in /etc/ppp/ppp.conf. For example:" msgstr "" +"ntpd 並不需要永久的網際網路連線才能正常運作，若有" +"一個 PPP 連線是設定成需要時撥號，那麼便需要避免 " +"NTP 的流量觸發撥號或是保持連線不中斷，這可在 /" +"etc/ppp/ppp.conf 使用 filter 項目設定，例如： " #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57333 +#: book.translate.xml:57716 #, no-wrap msgid "" " set filter dial 0 deny udp src eq 123\n" @@ -83558,28 +84610,34 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57342 +#: book.translate.xml:57725 msgid "" "For more details, refer to the PACKET FILTERING section " "in ppp8 and the examples in /usr/share/examples/ppp/." msgstr "" +"要取得更詳細的資訊，請參考於 ppp8 的 PACKET " +"FILTERING 小節以及在 /usr/share/examples/ppp/ " +"中的範例。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:57348 +#: book.translate.xml:57731 msgid "" "Some Internet access providers block low-numbered ports, preventing NTP from " "functioning since replies never reach the machine." msgstr "" +"部份網際網路存取提供商會封鎖較小編號的埠，這會讓 NTP 無法運作，因為回應永遠無" +"到傳送到該主機。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:57367 +#: book.translate.xml:57750 msgid "iSCSI Initiator and Target Configuration" msgstr "iSCSI Initiator 與 Target 設定" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57370 +#: book.translate.xml:57753 msgid "" "iSCSI is a way to share storage over a network. Unlike " "NFS, which works at the file system level, " @@ -83587,7 +84645,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57375 +#: book.translate.xml:57758 msgid "" "In iSCSI terminology, the system that shares the storage " "is known as the target. The storage can be a physical " @@ -83597,7 +84655,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57383 +#: book.translate.xml:57766 msgid "" "The clients which access the iSCSI storage are called " "initiators. To initiators, the storage available " @@ -83607,7 +84665,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57391 +#: book.translate.xml:57774 msgid "" "Beginning with 10.0-RELEASE, FreeBSD provides a native, kernel-based " "iSCSI target and initiator. This section describes how to " @@ -83615,12 +84673,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:57397 +#: book.translate.xml:57780 msgid "Configuring an iSCSI Target" msgstr "設定 iSCSI Target" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:57400 +#: book.translate.xml:57783 msgid "" "The native iSCSI target is supported starting with " "FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE. To use iSCSI in older versions of " @@ -83629,7 +84687,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57408 +#: book.translate.xml:57791 msgid "" "To configure an iSCSI target, create the /etc/" "ctl.conf configuration file, add a line to /etc/rc." @@ -83639,7 +84697,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57414 +#: book.translate.xml:57797 msgid "" "The following is an example of a simple /etc/ctl.conf " "configuration file. Refer to ctl.confpg0 portal group. Portal " "groups define which network addresses the ctlddefault. In this case, the difference " @@ -83694,7 +84752,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57455 +#: book.translate.xml:57838 msgid "" "The second entry defines a single target. Target has two possible meanings: " "a machine serving iSCSI or a named group of " @@ -83708,7 +84766,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57468 +#: book.translate.xml:57851 msgid "" "The auth-group no-authentication line allows all " "initiators to connect to the specified target and portal-group pg0LUN. To the initiator, each " "LUN will be visible as a separate disk device. Multiple " @@ -83731,7 +84789,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57484 +#: book.translate.xml:57867 msgid "" "Next, to make sure the ctld8 daemon is started at " @@ -83739,7 +84797,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57494 +#: book.translate.xml:57877 msgid "" "As the ctld8 daemon is started, it reads /etc/ctl." @@ -83749,12 +84807,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect3/title #. (itstool) path: sect5/title -#: book.translate.xml:57502 book.translate.xml:62469 +#: book.translate.xml:57885 book.translate.xml:62852 msgid "Authentication" msgstr "認證" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57504 +#: book.translate.xml:57887 msgid "" "The previous example is inherently insecure as it uses no authentication, " "granting anyone full access to all targets. To require a username and " @@ -83762,7 +84820,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57509 +#: book.translate.xml:57892 #, no-wrap msgid "" "auth-group ag0 {\n" @@ -83787,7 +84845,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57529 +#: book.translate.xml:57912 msgid "" "The auth-group section defines username and password " "pairs. An initiator trying to connect to iqn.2012-06.com.example:" @@ -83799,7 +84857,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57539 +#: book.translate.xml:57922 msgid "" "It is common to define a single exported target for every initiator. As a " "shorthand for the syntax above, the username and password can be specified " @@ -83807,7 +84865,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57544 +#: book.translate.xml:57927 #, no-wrap msgid "" "target iqn.2012-06.com.example:target0 {\n" @@ -83822,12 +84880,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:57557 +#: book.translate.xml:57940 msgid "Configuring an iSCSI Initiator" msgstr "設定 iSCSI Initiator" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:57560 +#: book.translate.xml:57943 msgid "" "The iSCSI initiator described in this section is " "supported starting with FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE. To use the iSCSIiSCSI initiator requires that the " "iscsid8iscsid8 now, run this command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57575 +#: book.translate.xml:57958 #, no-wrap msgid "# service iscsid start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:57577 +#: book.translate.xml:57960 msgid "" "Connecting to a target can be done with or without an /etc/iscsi." "conf configuration file. This section demonstrates both types of " @@ -83874,32 +84932,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:57582 +#: book.translate.xml:57965 msgid "Connecting to a Target Without a Configuration File" msgstr "不使用設定檔連線到 Target " #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57585 +#: book.translate.xml:57968 msgid "" "To connect an initiator to a single target, specify the IP address of the portal and the name of the target:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57589 +#: book.translate.xml:57972 #, no-wrap msgid "# iscsictl -A -p 10.10.10.10 -t iqn.2012-06.com.example:target0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57591 +#: book.translate.xml:57974 msgid "" "To verify if the connection succeeded, run iscsictl " "without any arguments. The output should look similar to this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57595 +#: book.translate.xml:57978 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Target name Target portal State\n" @@ -83907,7 +84965,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57598 +#: book.translate.xml:57981 msgid "" "In this example, the iSCSI session was successfully " "established, with /dev/da0 representing the attached " @@ -83917,13 +84975,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57607 +#: book.translate.xml:57990 #, no-wrap msgid "Connected: da0 da1 da2." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57609 +#: book.translate.xml:57992 msgid "" "Any errors will be reported in the output, as well as the system logs. For " "example, this message usually means that the " @@ -83932,7 +84990,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57613 +#: book.translate.xml:57996 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Target name Target portal State\n" @@ -83940,14 +84998,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57616 +#: book.translate.xml:57999 msgid "" "The following message suggests a networking problem, such as a wrong " "IP address or port:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57620 +#: book.translate.xml:58003 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Target name Target portal State\n" @@ -83955,12 +85013,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57623 +#: book.translate.xml:58006 msgid "This message means that the specified target name is wrong:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57626 +#: book.translate.xml:58009 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Target name Target portal State\n" @@ -83968,12 +85026,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57629 +#: book.translate.xml:58012 msgid "This message means that the target requires authentication:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57632 +#: book.translate.xml:58015 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Target name Target portal State\n" @@ -83981,31 +85039,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57635 +#: book.translate.xml:58018 msgid "" "To specify a CHAP username and secret, use this syntax:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57638 +#: book.translate.xml:58021 #, no-wrap msgid "# iscsictl -A -p 10.10.10.10 -t iqn.2012-06.com.example:target0 -u user -s secretsecret" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:57642 +#: book.translate.xml:58025 msgid "Connecting to a Target with a Configuration File" msgstr "使用設定檔連線到 Target " #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57645 +#: book.translate.xml:58028 msgid "" "To connect using a configuration file, create /etc/iscsi.conf with contents like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:57649 +#: book.translate.xml:58032 #, no-wrap msgid "" "t0 {\n" @@ -84018,7 +85076,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57657 +#: book.translate.xml:58040 msgid "" "The t0 specifies a nickname for the configuration file " "section. It will be used by the initiator to specify which configuration to " @@ -84029,31 +85087,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57667 +#: book.translate.xml:58050 msgid "To connect to the defined target, specify the nickname:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57670 +#: book.translate.xml:58053 #, no-wrap msgid "# iscsictl -An t0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57672 +#: book.translate.xml:58055 msgid "" "Alternately, to connect to all targets defined in the configuration file, " "use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:57675 +#: book.translate.xml:58058 #, no-wrap msgid "# iscsictl -Aa" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:57677 +#: book.translate.xml:58060 msgid "" "To make the initiator automatically connect to all targets in /etc/" "iscsi.conf, add the following to /etc/rc.conf Brad Davis Converted to SGML and updated by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57724 +#: book.translate.xml:58107 msgid "security firewalls" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57733 +#: book.translate.xml:58116 msgid "" "Firewalls make it possible to filter the incoming and outgoing traffic that " "flows through a system. A firewall can use one or more sets of rules規則 " -"(Rules) 來檢查網路連線中進出的網路封包(Network packets)，並且能允許或" -"阻擋其通過。 而防火牆規則可以檢查封包中一個或數個特徵，例如通訊協定類型、來源" -"或目的主機位址，以及來源及目地的連接埠 (Port)。" +"防火牆能夠過濾透過系統內送 (Incoming) 與外發 (Outgoing) 的流量，防火牆可使用" +"一組或多組 規則 (Rules) 來檢查網路連線中進出的網路封包" +"(Network packets)，並且能允許或阻擋其通過。 而防火牆規則可以檢查封包中一個或" +"數個特徵，例如通訊協定類型、來源或目的主機位址，以及來源及目地的連接埠 " +"(Port)。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57742 +#: book.translate.xml:58125 msgid "" "Firewalls can enhance the security of a host or a network. They can be used " "to do one or more of the following:" msgstr "防火牆可以加強主機或網路的安全性，它可以用來完成下列事情：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57747 +#: book.translate.xml:58130 msgid "" "Protect and insulate the applications, services, and machines of an internal " "network from unwanted traffic from the public Internet." msgstr "" +"保護並隔離內部網路的應用程式、服務與主機，避免來自網際網路不必要的存取。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57753 +#: book.translate.xml:58136 msgid "" "Limit or disable access from hosts of the internal network to services of " "the public Internet." -msgstr "" +msgstr "限制或者禁止內部網路的主機存取網際網路服務。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57758 +#: book.translate.xml:58141 msgid "" "Support network address translation (NAT), which allows " "an internal network to use private IP addresses and share " @@ -84126,9 +85186,12 @@ "IP address or a shared pool of automatically assigned " "public addresses." msgstr "" +"支援網路位址轉譯 (Network address translation, NAT)，可允" +"許內部網路使用私有 IP 位址並共用一個連線使用一個 " +"IP 位址連到網際網路或者自動分配一個共用池當中的公開位址。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57767 +#: book.translate.xml:58150 msgid "" "FreeBSD has three firewalls built into the base system: PF, IPFW, and IPFILTERPF, " +"IPFW 與 IPFILTER 即 " +"IPF。FreeBSD 也提供了兩種流量限制程式 (Traffic " +"shaper) 來控制頻寬的用量：altq4 與 " +"dummynet4，ALTQ 一般配合 " +"PF 使用，而 dummynet 會" +"配合 IPFW。每一種防火牆都會使用規則來管制來自與送" +"往 FreeBSD 的封包，儘管它們用不同的方式運作且有不同的規則語法。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57781 +#: book.translate.xml:58164 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides multiple firewalls in order to meet the different " "requirements and preferences for a wide variety of users. Each user should " "evaluate which firewall best meets their needs." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 提供多個防火牆是為了滿足不同的需求與各種使用者的偏好，每位使用者應評" +"估那一種防火牆最能滿足其需求。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57790 +#: book.translate.xml:58173 msgid "How to define packet filtering rules." -msgstr "" +msgstr "如何定義封包過濾規則。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57794 +#: book.translate.xml:58177 msgid "The differences between the firewalls built into FreeBSD." -msgstr "" +msgstr "FreeBSD 內建防火牆之間的差異。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57799 +#: book.translate.xml:58182 msgid "How to use and configure the PF firewall." -msgstr "" +msgstr "如何使用與設定 PF 防火牆。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57804 +#: book.translate.xml:58187 msgid "How to use and configure the IPFW firewall." -msgstr "" +msgstr "如何使用與設定 IPFW 防火牆。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57809 +#: book.translate.xml:58192 msgid "" "How to use and configure the IPFILTER firewall." -msgstr "" +msgstr "如何使用與設定 IPFILTER 防火牆。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:57823 +#: book.translate.xml:58206 msgid "" "Since all firewalls are based on inspecting the values of selected packet " "control fields, the creator of the firewall ruleset must have an " @@ -84188,19 +85263,24 @@ "normal session conversation. For a good introduction, refer to Daryl's TCP/IP Primer." msgstr "" +"由於所有防火牆均是以監控所選封包的控制欄位值為基礎運作，所以防火牆規則集的建" +"立者必須很明白 TCP/IP 是如何運作的，在封包的控制欄位中會有" +"那些數值，這些數值會被如何用在一般的連線階段，要了解更多相關資訊，可參考 " +"Daryl's TCP/IP " +"Primer。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:57835 +#: book.translate.xml:58218 msgid "Firewall Concepts" msgstr "防火牆概念" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57837 +#: book.translate.xml:58220 msgid "firewall rulesets" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57843 +#: book.translate.xml:58226 msgid "" "A ruleset contains a group of rules which pass or block packets based on the " "values contained in the packet. The bi-directional exchange of packets " @@ -84213,9 +85293,15 @@ "address. All the above parameters can be used as selection criteria to " "create rules which will pass or block services." msgstr "" +"一個規則集 (Ruleset) 中會有一群根據封包內的資料來判斷通過或封鎖的規則，主機間" +"雙向的封包交換構成一個連線階段的對話，防火牆規則集會同時處理接收自網際網路的" +"封包以及由系統所產生的回應封包，每一個 TCP/IP 服務都會預先" +"定義其通訊協定以及要傾聽的埠，要送往指定服務的封包會誕生在來源位址，使用一個" +"不需特殊權限的埠並傳送給目標位址上特定服務的埠，所有上述過程中的參數均可用來" +"當做建立規則的篩選條件，來允許或封鎖服務。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57856 +#: book.translate.xml:58239 msgid "" "To lookup unknown port numbers, refer to /etc/services. " "Alternatively, visit and do a port number lookup to find " "the purpose of a particular port number." msgstr "" +"要查詢一個不清楚的埠號，可參考 /etc/services，或者至 " +"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" +"List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers 查詢埠號來找出特定埠號的用途。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57861 +#: book.translate.xml:58244 msgid "" "Check out this link for port numbers used by Trojans http://www." "sans.org/security-resources/idfaq/oddports.php." msgstr "" +"查看這個連結來了解有那些埠號會被木馬程式使用 http://www.sans.org/" +"security-resources/idfaq/oddports.php。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57863 +#: book.translate.xml:58246 msgid "" "FTP has two modes: active mode and passive mode. The difference is in how " "the data channel is acquired. Passive mode is more secure as the data " @@ -84241,9 +85334,13 @@ "explanation of FTP and the different modes, see http://www.slacksite.com/other/ftp.html." msgstr "" +"FTP 有兩個模式：主動 (Active) 模式與被動 (Passive) 模式，兩者的差異在於取得資" +"料通道的方式，被動模式會較安全，由於資料通道會取自 FTP 連線請求者。想要取得 " +"FTP 與兩種模式更進一步的說明，詳見 http://www.slacksite.com/other/ftp.html。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57869 +#: book.translate.xml:58252 msgid "" "A firewall ruleset can be either exclusive or " "inclusive. An exclusive firewall allows all traffic through " @@ -84251,9 +85348,13 @@ "reverse as it only allows traffic matching the rules through and blocks " "everything else." msgstr "" +"防火牆規則集可以為排除式 (exclusive) 或者內含式 " +"(inclusive)，一個排除式的防火牆會允許所有的連線通過除了符合規" +"則集的連線，內含式的防火牆則會反過來只允許符合規則集的連線並封鎖其他任何的連" +"線。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57876 +#: book.translate.xml:58259 msgid "" "An inclusive firewall offers better control of the outgoing traffic, making " "it a better choice for systems that offer services to the public Internet. " @@ -84263,25 +85364,32 @@ "than exclusive firewalls because they significantly reduce the risk of " "allowing unwanted traffic." msgstr "" +"內含式的防火牆對於外發的流量有較好的控制，使其成為提供網際網路服務的系統的最" +"佳選擇，它同時可以控制可存取私有網路的網際網路連線，所有不符合該規則的連線會" +"被封鎖並記錄。一般來說，內含式的防火牆會比排除式的防火牆安全，因為內含式的防" +"火牆可以明顯的減少不必要連線所造成風險。" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:57887 +#: book.translate.xml:58270 msgid "" "Unless noted otherwise, all configuration and example rulesets in this " "chapter create inclusive firewall rulesets." -msgstr "" +msgstr "除非另有說明，否則所有在此章節的範例規則集均為內含式防火牆規則集。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57892 +#: book.translate.xml:58275 msgid "" "Security can be tightened further using a stateful firewall. " "This type of firewall keeps track of open connections and only allows " "traffic which either matches an existing connection or opens a new, allowed " "connection." msgstr "" +"使用具狀態防火牆 (Stateful firewall) 可以更進一步加強安全性，" +"這種類型的防火牆可持續追蹤連線，只允許與現有連線相符的封包或符合允許條件的新" +"連線通過。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57897 +#: book.translate.xml:58280 msgid "" "Stateful filtering treats traffic as a bi-directional exchange of packets " "comprising a session. When state is specified on a matching rule the " @@ -84290,14 +85398,18 @@ "to determine if a packet is valid for a session. Any packets that do not " "properly fit the session template are automatically rejected." msgstr "" +"狀態過濾技術 (Stateful filtering) 將所有的流量當做是一個由雙向封包交換所組成" +"的連線階段，當在符合的規則上指定狀態 (State) 時，防火牆會自動產生內部規則來處" +"理該連線階段中每個預期會通過的封包，這種防火牆有足夠的比對能力可以辨別是否為" +"同一個連線階段的封包，任何不符合連線階段樣板的封包都會被自動拒絕。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57906 +#: book.translate.xml:58289 msgid "When the session completes, it is removed from the dynamic state table." -msgstr "" +msgstr "當連線階段結束時，該規則將會動態狀態表 (Dynamic state table) 中移除。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57909 +#: book.translate.xml:58292 msgid "" "Stateful filtering allows one to focus on blocking/passing new sessions. If " "the new session is passed, all its subsequent packets are allowed " @@ -84306,9 +85418,13 @@ "filtering provides advanced matching abilities capable of defending against " "the flood of different attack methods employed by attackers." msgstr "" +"Stateful filtering 讓管理者可以專注於封鎖/傳遞新的連線階段，若新的連線階段通" +"過，那麼該連線階段後續的封包將會自動允許通過，且任何假冒的封包會自動被拒絕。" +"若新的連線階最被封鎖，將不允許其任何後續的封包。Stateful filtering 提供了進階" +"的比對能力，能夠抵禦不同種類由攻擊者發動的 flood 攻擊。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57917 +#: book.translate.xml:58300 msgid "" "NAT stands for Network Address Translation. NAT function enables the private LAN behind " @@ -84317,41 +85433,50 @@ "Internet access, without having to pay the ISP for multiple Internet " "accounts or IP addresses." msgstr "" +"NAT 代表 Network Address Translation " +"即網路位址轉譯，NAT 功能讓在防火牆之後的私有 LAN 可以共用" +"一個 ISP 分配的 IP 位址 (甚至是動態分配的)，NAT 每一台在該 LAN 中的電腦均可連" +"線網際網路，而不需要支付 ISP 多個網路帳號或 IP 位址的額外費用。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57925 +#: book.translate.xml:58308 msgid "" "NAT will automatically translate the private LAN IP " "address for each system on the LAN to the single public IP address as " "packets exit the firewall bound for the public Internet. It also performs " "the reverse translation for returning packets." msgstr "" +"NAT 在當封包要外送到防火牆之外的網際網路時，會自動轉譯每一" +"台電腦在私有 LAN 的 IP 位址成為一個公有 IP 位址，它也同樣會對回傳的封包做反向" +"轉譯。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57931 +#: book.translate.xml:58314 msgid "" "According to RFC 1918, the following IP address ranges are reserved for " "private networks which will never be routed directly to the public Internet, " "and therefore are available for use with NAT:" msgstr "" +"根據 RFC1918，會保留以下範圍的 IP 位址做為私有網路使用，永遠不會被傳送到網際" +"網路，因此可供 NAT 使用：" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57938 +#: book.translate.xml:58321 msgid "10.0.0.0/8." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57942 +#: book.translate.xml:58325 msgid "172.16.0.0/12." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:57946 +#: book.translate.xml:58329 msgid "192.168.0.0/16." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:57951 +#: book.translate.xml:58334 msgid "" "When working with the firewall rules, be very careful. " "Some configurations can lock the administrator out of " @@ -84359,26 +85484,29 @@ "configuration from the local console rather than doing it remotely over " "ssh." msgstr "" +"在使用防火牆規則時要非常小心，有一些設定會將管" +"理者鎖在伺服器之外，保險起見的方式是在本機的 Console 做初次的防火" +"牆設定，不要直接由遠端透過 ssh 來設定防火牆。" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:57962 +#: book.translate.xml:58345 msgid "PF" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:57965 +#: book.translate.xml:58348 msgid "" " John Ferrell Revised and updated by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:57975 +#: book.translate.xml:58358 msgid "firewall PF" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57981 +#: book.translate.xml:58364 msgid "" "Since FreeBSD 5.3, a ported version of OpenBSD's PF firewall has been included as an integrated part of the base " @@ -84386,9 +85514,13 @@ "that has optional support for ALTQ (Alternate " "Queuing), which provides Quality of Service (QoS)." msgstr "" +"自 FreeBSD 5.3 開始，基礎系統便有內建 OpenBSD's PF 防火牆的移植版本，PF 是一套完整、多功" +"能的防火牆，並可選擇開啟 ALTQ (Alternate Queuing) " +"的支援來提供 Quality of Service (QoS) 機制。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:57989 +#: book.translate.xml:58372 msgid "" "The OpenBSD Project maintains the definitive reference for PF in the PF " @@ -84396,17 +85528,23 @@ "application> tutorial at http://home.nuug.no/~peter/pf/." msgstr "" +"OpenBSD 計劃有維護一份官方參考文件於 PF FAQ ，Peter Hansteen 有維一份詳盡的 PF 教學於 http://home.nuug.no/~peter/pf/。" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:57995 +#: book.translate.xml:58378 msgid "" "When reading the PF FAQ, keep in mind that FreeBSD uses the same version of PF as OpenBSD 4.5." msgstr "" +"在閱讀 PF FAQ 時，" +"要注意 FreeBSD 採用與 OpenBSD 4.5 相同版本的 PF。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58000 +#: book.translate.xml:58383 msgid "" "The FreeBSD packet filter mailing list is a good place to ask " @@ -84414,31 +85552,42 @@ "firewall. Check the mailing list archives before asking a question as it may " "have already been answered." msgstr "" +"要詢問有關設定與執行 PF 防火牆的問題可至 FreeBSD " +"packet filter 郵遞論壇，在詢問問題之前請先查看該郵遞論壇的封存資料，因" +"您的問題可能已有解答。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58005 +#: book.translate.xml:58388 msgid "" "More information about porting PF to FreeBSD can " "be found at http://" "pf4freebsd.love2party.net/." msgstr "" +"更多有關移植 PF 到 FreeBSD 的資訊可至 http://pf4freebsd.love2party.net/" +" 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:58008 +#: book.translate.xml:58391 msgid "" "This section of the Handbook focuses on PF as it " "pertains to FreeBSD. It demonstrates how to enable PF and ALTQ. It then provides several " "examples for creating rulesets on a FreeBSD system." msgstr "" +"由於 FreeBSD 也支援 PF 因此操作手冊特別在此章節對" +"此介紹，本節會示範如何開啟 PF 與 " +"ALTQ，然後提供幾個在 FreeBSD 系統上建立規則集的例" +"子。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:58015 +#: book.translate.xml:58398 msgid "Enabling PF" msgstr "開啟 PF" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58017 +#: book.translate.xml:58400 msgid "" "In order to use PF, its kernel module must be " "first loaded. This section describes the entries that can be added to " @@ -84447,19 +85596,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58022 +#: book.translate.xml:58405 msgid "" "Start by adding the following line to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58025 +#: book.translate.xml:58408 #, no-wrap msgid "pf_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58027 +#: book.translate.xml:58410 msgid "" "Additional options, described in pfctl8, can be passed to " @@ -84469,13 +85618,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58033 +#: book.translate.xml:58416 #, no-wrap msgid "pf_flags=\"\" # additional flags for pfctl startup" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58035 +#: book.translate.xml:58418 msgid "" "PF will not start if it cannot find its ruleset " "configuration file. The default ruleset is already created and is named " @@ -84485,13 +85634,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58043 +#: book.translate.xml:58426 #, no-wrap msgid "pf_rules=\"/path/to/pf.conf\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58045 +#: book.translate.xml:58428 msgid "" "Logging support for PF is provided by " "pflog4LAN behind the firewall and " "packets need to be forwarded for the computers on the LANPF can be started " "with logging support by typing:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:58070 +#: book.translate.xml:58453 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service pf start\n" @@ -84552,7 +85701,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58124 +#: book.translate.xml:58507 msgid "" "By default, PF reads its configuration rules from " "/etc/pf.conf and modifies, drops, or passes packets " @@ -84564,7 +85713,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58134 +#: book.translate.xml:58517 msgid "" "To control PF, use pfctl. " " summarizes some useful options to this command. " @@ -84573,71 +85722,71 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:58140 +#: book.translate.xml:58523 msgid "Useful pfctl Options" msgstr "有用的 pfctl 選項" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58146 book.translate.xml:61678 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:58529 book.translate.xml:62061 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Purpose" msgstr "用途" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58152 +#: book.translate.xml:58535 msgid "pfctl -e" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58154 +#: book.translate.xml:58537 msgid "Enable PF." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58158 +#: book.translate.xml:58541 msgid "pfctl -d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58160 +#: book.translate.xml:58543 msgid "Disable PF." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58164 +#: book.translate.xml:58547 msgid "pfctl -F all -f /etc/pf.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58166 +#: book.translate.xml:58549 msgid "" "Flush all NAT, filter, state, and table rules and reload " "/etc/pf.conf." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58172 +#: book.translate.xml:58555 msgid "pfctl -s [ rules | nat | states ]" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58174 +#: book.translate.xml:58557 msgid "" "Report on the filter rules, NAT rules, or state table." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58180 +#: book.translate.xml:58563 msgid "pfctl -vnf /etc/pf.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:58182 +#: book.translate.xml:58565 msgid "" "Check /etc/pf.conf for errors, but do not load ruleset." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:58190 +#: book.translate.xml:58573 msgid "" "security/sudo is useful for running commands like " "pfctl that require elevated privileges. It can be " @@ -84645,7 +85794,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58196 +#: book.translate.xml:58579 msgid "" "To keep an eye on the traffic that passes through the PF firewall, consider installing the sysutils/pftopALTQ" msgstr "開啟 ALTQ" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58207 +#: book.translate.xml:58590 msgid "" "On FreeBSD, ALTQ can be used with " "PF to provide Quality of Service (QOSALTQ, refer to " "altq4ALTQ is not available as a loadable kernel " "module. If the system's interfaces support ALTQ, " @@ -84691,7 +85840,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58227 +#: book.translate.xml:58610 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options ALTQ\n" @@ -84703,17 +85852,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58234 +#: book.translate.xml:58617 msgid "The following scheduler algorithms are available:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:58238 +#: book.translate.xml:58621 msgid "CBQ" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58240 +#: book.translate.xml:58623 msgid "" "Class Based Queuing (CBQ) is used to divide a " "connection's bandwidth into different classes or queues to prioritize " @@ -84721,12 +85870,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:58248 +#: book.translate.xml:58631 msgid "RED" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58250 +#: book.translate.xml:58633 msgid "" "Random Early Detection (RED) is used to avoid network " "congestion by measuring the length of the queue and comparing it to the " @@ -84735,12 +85884,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:58259 +#: book.translate.xml:58642 msgid "RIO" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58261 +#: book.translate.xml:58644 msgid "" "In Random Early Detection In and Out (RIO) mode, " "RED maintains multiple average queue lengths and multiple " @@ -84748,12 +85897,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:58270 +#: book.translate.xml:58653 msgid "HFSC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58272 +#: book.translate.xml:58655 msgid "" "Hierarchical Fair Service Curve Packet Scheduler (HFSC) " "is described in PRIQ) always passes traffic that is in " "a higher queue first." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58286 +#: book.translate.xml:58669 msgid "" "More information about the scheduling algorithms and example rulesets are " "available at PF Rulesets" msgstr "PF 規則集" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:58295 +#: book.translate.xml:58678 msgid "" " Peter Hansteen " "N. M. Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58306 +#: book.translate.xml:58689 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to create a customized ruleset. It starts with " "the simplest of rulesets and builds upon its concepts using several examples " @@ -84802,7 +85951,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58312 +#: book.translate.xml:58695 msgid "" "The simplest possible ruleset is for a single machine that does not run any " "services and which needs access to one network, which may be the Internet. " @@ -84811,7 +85960,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58318 +#: book.translate.xml:58701 #, no-wrap msgid "" "block in all\n" @@ -84819,7 +85968,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58321 +#: book.translate.xml:58704 msgid "" "The first rule denies all incoming traffic by default. The second rule " "allows connections created by this system to pass out, while retaining state " @@ -84829,13 +85978,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:58329 +#: book.translate.xml:58712 #, no-wrap msgid "# pfctl -e ; pfctl -f /etc/pf.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58331 +#: book.translate.xml:58714 msgid "" "In addition to keeping state, PF provides " "lists and macros which can be " @@ -84845,7 +85994,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58339 +#: book.translate.xml:58722 #, no-wrap msgid "" "tcp_services = \"{ ssh, smtp, domain, www, pop3, auth, pop3s }\"\n" @@ -84853,7 +86002,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58342 +#: book.translate.xml:58725 msgid "" "PF understands port names as well as port " "numbers, as long as the names are listed in /etc/servicesUDP is considered to be a stateless protocol, " "PF is able to track some state information. For " @@ -84887,7 +86036,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58366 +#: book.translate.xml:58749 msgid "" "Whenever an edit is made to a ruleset, the new rules must be loaded so they " "can be used:" @@ -84895,13 +86044,13 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:58369 book.translate.xml:58616 +#: book.translate.xml:58752 book.translate.xml:58999 #, no-wrap msgid "# pfctl -f /etc/pf.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58371 +#: book.translate.xml:58754 msgid "" "If there are no syntax errors, pfctl will not output any " "messages during the rule load. Rules can also be tested before attempting to " @@ -84909,13 +86058,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:58375 +#: book.translate.xml:58758 #, no-wrap msgid "# pfctl -nf /etc/pf.conf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:58377 +#: book.translate.xml:58760 msgid "" "Including causes the rules to be interpreted only, but " "not loaded. This provides an opportunity to correct any errors. At all " @@ -84924,7 +86073,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:58385 +#: book.translate.xml:58768 msgid "" "Adding to a pfctl ruleset verify or " "load will display the fully parsed rules exactly the way they will be " @@ -84932,12 +86081,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:58392 +#: book.translate.xml:58775 msgid "A Simple Gateway with NAT" msgstr "使用 NAT 的簡單通訊閘" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58394 +#: book.translate.xml:58777 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to configure a FreeBSD system running " "PF to act as a gateway for at least one other " @@ -84948,7 +86097,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58402 +#: book.translate.xml:58785 msgid "" "First, enable the gateway in order to let the machine forward the network " "traffic it receives on one interface to another interface. This " @@ -84957,31 +86106,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:58407 +#: book.translate.xml:58790 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58409 +#: book.translate.xml:58792 msgid "To forward IPv6 traffic, use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:58411 +#: book.translate.xml:58794 #, no-wrap msgid "# sysctl net.inet6.ip6.forwarding=1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58413 +#: book.translate.xml:58796 msgid "" "To enable these settings at system boot, add the following to /etc/" "rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58416 +#: book.translate.xml:58799 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gateway_enable=\"YES\"\t\t#for ipv4\n" @@ -84989,14 +86138,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58419 +#: book.translate.xml:58802 msgid "" "Verify with ifconfig that both of the interfaces are up " "and running." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58422 +#: book.translate.xml:58805 msgid "" "Next, create the PF rules to allow the gateway to " "pass traffic. While the following rule allows stateful traffic to pass from " @@ -85005,26 +86154,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58429 +#: book.translate.xml:58812 #, no-wrap msgid "pass in on xl1 from xl1:network to xl0:network port $ports keep state" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58431 +#: book.translate.xml:58814 msgid "" "That rule only lets the traffic pass in to the gateway on the internal " "interface. To let the packets go further, a matching rule is needed:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58435 +#: book.translate.xml:58818 #, no-wrap msgid "pass out on xl0 from xl1:network to xl0:network port $ports keep state" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58437 +#: book.translate.xml:58820 msgid "" "While these two rules will work, rules this specific are rarely needed. For " "a busy network admin, a readable ruleset is a safer ruleset. The remainder " @@ -85033,13 +86182,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58444 +#: book.translate.xml:58827 #, no-wrap msgid "pass from xl1:network to any port $ports keep state" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58446 +#: book.translate.xml:58829 msgid "" "The interface:network notation can be replaced with a " "macro to make the ruleset even more readable. For example, a " @@ -85051,7 +86200,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58457 +#: book.translate.xml:58840 msgid "" "If required, $localnet could even be defined as a list of " "networks. Whatever the specific needs, a sensible $localnettun0. " "For an ADSL connection, specifically those using " @@ -85083,7 +86232,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58479 +#: book.translate.xml:58862 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ext_if = \"xl0\"\t# macro for external interface - use tun0 for PPPoE\n" @@ -85096,7 +86245,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58487 +#: book.translate.xml:58870 msgid "" "This ruleset introduces the nat rule which is used to " "handle the network address translation from the non-routable addresses " @@ -85109,14 +86258,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58498 +#: book.translate.xml:58881 msgid "" "Note that this ruleset probably allows more traffic to pass out of the " "network than is needed. One reasonable setup could create this macro:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58502 +#: book.translate.xml:58885 #, no-wrap msgid "" "client_out = \"{ ftp-data, ftp, ssh, domain, pop3, auth, nntp, http, \\\n" @@ -85124,12 +86273,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58505 +#: book.translate.xml:58888 msgid "to use in the main pass rule:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58507 +#: book.translate.xml:58890 #, no-wrap msgid "" "pass inet proto tcp from $localnet to any port $client_out \\\n" @@ -85137,27 +86286,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58510 +#: book.translate.xml:58893 msgid "" "A few other pass rules may be needed. This one enables SSH on the external interface::" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58513 +#: book.translate.xml:58896 #, no-wrap msgid "pass in inet proto tcp to $ext_if port ssh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58515 +#: book.translate.xml:58898 msgid "" "This macro definition and rule allows DNS and " "NTP for internal clients:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58519 +#: book.translate.xml:58902 #, no-wrap msgid "" "udp_services = \"{ domain, ntp }\"\n" @@ -85165,7 +86314,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58522 +#: book.translate.xml:58905 msgid "" "Note the quick keyword in this rule. Since the ruleset " "consists of several rules, it is important to understand the relationships " @@ -85179,12 +86328,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:58537 +#: book.translate.xml:58920 msgid "Creating an FTP Proxy" msgstr "建立 FTP Proxy" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58539 +#: book.translate.xml:58922 msgid "" "Configuring working FTP rules can be problematic due to " "the nature of the FTP protocol. FTP " @@ -85193,26 +86342,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58548 +#: book.translate.xml:58931 msgid "Passwords are transferred in the clear." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58552 +#: book.translate.xml:58935 msgid "" "The protocol demands the use of at least two TCP " "connections (control and data) on separate ports." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:58558 +#: book.translate.xml:58941 msgid "" "When a session is established, data is communicated using randomly selected " "ports." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58563 +#: book.translate.xml:58946 msgid "" "All of these points present security challenges, even before considering any " "potential security weaknesses in client or server software. More secure " @@ -85224,7 +86373,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58570 +#: book.translate.xml:58953 msgid "" "For those situations when FTP is required, " "PF provides redirection of FTP " @@ -85236,26 +86385,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58579 +#: book.translate.xml:58962 msgid "" "To enable the FTP proxy, add this line to /etc/" "rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58582 +#: book.translate.xml:58965 #, no-wrap msgid "ftpproxy_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58584 +#: book.translate.xml:58967 msgid "" "Then start the proxy by running service ftp-proxy start." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58587 +#: book.translate.xml:58970 msgid "" "For a basic configuration, three elements need to be added to /etc/" "pf.conf. First, the anchors which the proxy will use to insert " @@ -85263,7 +86412,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58592 +#: book.translate.xml:58975 #, no-wrap msgid "" "nat-anchor \"ftp-proxy/*\"\n" @@ -85271,14 +86420,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58595 +#: book.translate.xml:58978 msgid "" "Second, a pass rule is needed to allow FTP traffic in to " "the proxy." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58598 +#: book.translate.xml:58981 msgid "" "Third, redirection and NAT rules need to be defined " "before the filtering rules. Insert this rdr rule " @@ -85286,38 +86435,38 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58603 +#: book.translate.xml:58986 #, no-wrap msgid "rdr pass on $int_if proto tcp from any to any port ftp -> 127.0.0.1 port 8021" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58605 +#: book.translate.xml:58988 msgid "Finally, allow the redirected traffic to pass:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58607 +#: book.translate.xml:58990 #, no-wrap msgid "pass out proto tcp from $proxy to any port ftp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58609 +#: book.translate.xml:58992 msgid "" "where $proxy expands to the address the proxy daemon is " "bound to." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58612 +#: book.translate.xml:58995 msgid "" "Save /etc/pf.conf, load the new rules, and verify from " "a client that FTP connections are working:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58618 +#: book.translate.xml:59001 msgid "" "This example covers a basic setup where the clients in the local network " "need to contact FTP servers elsewhere. This basic " @@ -85332,7 +86481,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58631 +#: book.translate.xml:59014 msgid "" "For ways to run an FTP server protected by " "PF and ftp-proxyICMP" msgstr "管理 ICMP" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58642 +#: book.translate.xml:59025 msgid "" "Many of the tools used for debugging or troubleshooting a TCP/IP network rely on the Internet Control Message Protocol " @@ -85356,7 +86505,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58647 +#: book.translate.xml:59030 msgid "" "The ICMP protocol sends and receives control " "messages between hosts and gateways, mainly to provide feedback " @@ -85367,7 +86516,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58656 +#: book.translate.xml:59039 msgid "" "From a firewall perspective, some ICMP control messages " "are vulnerable to known attack vectors. Also, letting all diagnostic traffic " @@ -85377,20 +86526,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58664 +#: book.translate.xml:59047 #, no-wrap msgid "pass inet proto icmp from any to any" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58666 +#: book.translate.xml:59049 msgid "" "One solution is to let all ICMP traffic from the local " "network through while stopping all probes from outside the network:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58670 +#: book.translate.xml:59053 #, no-wrap msgid "" "pass inet proto icmp from $localnet to any keep state\n" @@ -85398,7 +86547,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58673 +#: book.translate.xml:59056 msgid "" "Additional options are available which demonstrate some of PF's flexibility. For example, rather than allowing all " @@ -85410,25 +86559,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58680 +#: book.translate.xml:59063 #, no-wrap msgid "icmp_types = \"echoreq\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58682 +#: book.translate.xml:59065 msgid "and a rule which uses the macro:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58684 book.translate.xml:58744 +#: book.translate.xml:59067 book.translate.xml:59127 #, no-wrap msgid "pass inet proto icmp all icmp-type $icmp_types keep state" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58686 +#: book.translate.xml:59069 msgid "" "If other types of ICMP packets are needed, expand " "icmp_types to a list of those packet types. Type " @@ -85441,14 +86590,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58694 +#: book.translate.xml:59077 msgid "" "Since Unix traceroute uses UDP by " "default, another rule is needed to allow Unix traceroute:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58698 +#: book.translate.xml:59081 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# allow out the default range for traceroute(8):\n" @@ -85456,7 +86605,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58701 +#: book.translate.xml:59084 msgid "" "Since TRACERT.EXE on Microsoft Windows systems uses " "ICMP echo request messages, only the first rule is needed " @@ -85468,12 +86617,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:58711 +#: book.translate.xml:59094 msgid "Path MTU Discovery" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:58713 +#: book.translate.xml:59096 msgid "" "Internet protocols are designed to be device independent, and one " "consequence of device independence is that the optimal packet size for a " @@ -85485,7 +86634,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:58724 +#: book.translate.xml:59107 msgid "" "TCP/IP uses a process known as path MTU discovery to determine the right packet size for a connection. This " @@ -85500,20 +86649,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58738 +#: book.translate.xml:59121 #, no-wrap msgid "icmp_types = \"{ echoreq, unreach }\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:58740 +#: book.translate.xml:59123 msgid "" "Since the pass rule already uses that macro, it does not need to be modified " "in order to support the new ICMP type:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:58746 +#: book.translate.xml:59129 msgid "" "PF allows filtering on all variations of " "ICMP types and codes. The list of possible types and " @@ -85524,12 +86673,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:58754 +#: book.translate.xml:59137 msgid "Using Tables" msgstr "使用 Tables" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58756 +#: book.translate.xml:59139 msgid "" "Some types of data are relevant to filtering and redirection at a given " "time, but their definition is too long to be included in the ruleset file. " @@ -85540,13 +86689,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58765 +#: book.translate.xml:59148 #, no-wrap msgid "table <clients> { 192.168.2.0/24, !192.168.2.5 }" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58767 +#: book.translate.xml:59150 msgid "" "In this example, the 192.168.2.0/24 network is part of " "the table, except for the address 192.168.2.5, which is " @@ -85556,7 +86705,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58775 +#: book.translate.xml:59158 #, no-wrap msgid "" "192.168.2.0/24\n" @@ -85564,42 +86713,42 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58778 +#: book.translate.xml:59161 msgid "To refer to the file, define the table like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58780 +#: book.translate.xml:59163 #, no-wrap msgid "table <clients> persist file \"/etc/clients\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58782 +#: book.translate.xml:59165 msgid "Once the table is defined, it can be referenced by a rule:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58785 +#: book.translate.xml:59168 #, no-wrap msgid "pass inet proto tcp from <clients> to any port $client_out flags S/SA keep state" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58787 +#: book.translate.xml:59170 msgid "" "A table's contents can be manipulated live, using pfctl. " "This example adds another network to the table:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:58791 +#: book.translate.xml:59174 #, no-wrap msgid "# pfctl -t clients -T add 192.168.1.0/16" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58793 +#: book.translate.xml:59176 msgid "" "Note that any changes made this way will take affect now, making them ideal " "for testing, but will not survive a power failure or reboot. To make the " @@ -85613,25 +86762,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:58805 +#: book.translate.xml:59188 #, no-wrap msgid "# pfctl -t clients -T replace -f /etc/clients" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:58809 +#: book.translate.xml:59192 msgid "Using Overload Tables to Protect SSH" msgstr "使用 Overload Tables 保護 SSH" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58812 +#: book.translate.xml:59195 msgid "" "Those who run SSH on an external interface have probably " "seen something like this in the authentication logs:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58816 +#: book.translate.xml:59199 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Sep 26 03:12:34 skapet sshd[25771]: Failed password for root from 200.72.41.31 port 40992 ssh2\n" @@ -85643,7 +86792,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58823 +#: book.translate.xml:59206 msgid "" "This is indicative of a brute force attack where somebody or some program is " "trying to discover the user name and password which will let them into the " @@ -85651,7 +86800,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58827 +#: book.translate.xml:59210 msgid "" "If external SSH access is needed for legitimate users, " "changing the default port used by SSH can offer some " @@ -85663,26 +86812,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58837 +#: book.translate.xml:59220 msgid "" "To configure this, create this table in the tables section of the ruleset:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58840 +#: book.translate.xml:59223 #, no-wrap msgid "table <bruteforce> persist" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58842 +#: book.translate.xml:59225 msgid "" "Then, somewhere early in the ruleset, add rules to block brute access while " "allowing legitimate access:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58845 +#: book.translate.xml:59228 #, no-wrap msgid "" "block quick from <bruteforce>\n" @@ -85693,21 +86842,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58851 +#: book.translate.xml:59234 msgid "" "The part in parentheses defines the limits and the numbers should be changed " "to meet local requirements. It can be read as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58855 +#: book.translate.xml:59238 msgid "" "max-src-conn is the number of simultaneous connections " "allowed from one host." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58858 +#: book.translate.xml:59241 msgid "" "max-src-conn-rate is the rate of new connections allowed " "from any single host (15) per number of seconds " @@ -85715,7 +86864,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58863 +#: book.translate.xml:59246 msgid "" "overload <bruteforce> means that any host which " "exceeds these limits gets its address added to the bruteforceflush global says that when a host reaches the " "limit, that all (global) of that host's connections will " @@ -85732,7 +86881,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:58875 +#: book.translate.xml:59258 msgid "" "These rules will not block slow bruteforcers, as " "described in SSH, and it is not always " @@ -85773,7 +86922,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:58901 +#: book.translate.xml:59284 msgid "" "For example, an overload rule could be used to protect a mail service or a " "web service, and the overload table could be used in a rule to assign " @@ -85782,7 +86931,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58908 +#: book.translate.xml:59291 msgid "" "Over time, tables will be filled by overload rules and their size will grow " "incrementally, taking up more memory. Sometimes an IP " @@ -85792,7 +86941,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58915 +#: book.translate.xml:59298 msgid "" "For situations like these, pfctl provides the " "ability to expire table entries. For example, this command will remove " @@ -85801,13 +86950,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:58922 +#: book.translate.xml:59305 #, no-wrap msgid "# pfctl -t bruteforce -T expire 86400" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58924 +#: book.translate.xml:59307 msgid "" "Similar functionality is provided by security/expiretable, which removes table entries which have not been accessed for a " @@ -85815,7 +86964,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58929 +#: book.translate.xml:59312 msgid "" "Once installed, expiretable can be run to remove " "<bruteforce> table entries older than a specified " @@ -85823,18 +86972,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58934 +#: book.translate.xml:59317 #, no-wrap msgid "/usr/local/sbin/expiretable -v -d -t 24h bruteforce" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:58938 +#: book.translate.xml:59321 msgid "Protecting Against SPAM" msgstr "SPAM 防護" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58940 +#: book.translate.xml:59323 msgid "" "Not to be confused with the spamd daemon which " "comes bundled with spamassassin, mail/" @@ -85845,7 +86994,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58950 +#: book.translate.xml:59333 msgid "" "Spammers tend to send a large number of messages, and SPAM is mainly sent from a few spammer friendly networks and a large " @@ -85854,7 +87003,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58956 +#: book.translate.xml:59339 msgid "" "When an SMTP connection from an address in a blacklist is " "received, spamd presents its banner and " @@ -85866,7 +87015,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:58968 +#: book.translate.xml:59351 msgid "" "This example demonstrates the basic procedure for setting up " "spamd with automatically updated blacklists. " @@ -85875,12 +87024,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:58975 +#: book.translate.xml:59358 msgid "Configuring spamd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:58978 +#: book.translate.xml:59361 msgid "" "Install the mail/spamd package or port. In order to use " "spamd's greylisting features, " @@ -85890,29 +87039,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58985 +#: book.translate.xml:59368 #, no-wrap msgid " fdescfs /dev/fd fdescfs rw 0 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:58987 +#: book.translate.xml:59370 msgid "Then, mount the filesystem:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58989 +#: book.translate.xml:59372 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount fdescfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:58993 +#: book.translate.xml:59376 msgid "Next, edit the PF ruleset to include:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:58996 +#: book.translate.xml:59379 #, no-wrap msgid "" "table <spamd> persist\n" @@ -85924,7 +87073,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59003 +#: book.translate.xml:59386 msgid "" "The two tables <spamd> and <spamd-" "white> are essential. SMTP traffic from an " @@ -85934,7 +87083,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59013 +#: book.translate.xml:59396 msgid "" "The next step is to configure spamd in /" "usr/local/etc/spamd.conf and to add some rc.confmail/spamd includes a sample " "configuration file (/usr/local/etc/spamd.conf.sample) " @@ -85951,7 +87100,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59025 +#: book.translate.xml:59408 msgid "" "One of the first lines in the configuration file that does not begin with a " "# comment sign contains the block which defines the " @@ -85959,7 +87108,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59031 +#: book.translate.xml:59414 #, no-wrap msgid "" "all:\\\n" @@ -85967,7 +87116,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59034 +#: book.translate.xml:59417 msgid "" "This entry adds the desired blacklists, separated by colons (:). To use a whitelist to subtract addresses from a blacklist, add " @@ -85976,12 +87125,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59041 +#: book.translate.xml:59424 msgid "This is followed by the specified blacklist's definition:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59044 +#: book.translate.xml:59427 #, no-wrap msgid "" "traplist:\\\n" @@ -85992,7 +87141,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59050 +#: book.translate.xml:59433 msgid "" "where the first line is the name of the blacklist and the second line " "specifies the list type. The msg field contains the " @@ -86007,14 +87156,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59065 +#: book.translate.xml:59448 msgid "" "The definition of the specified whitelist is similar, but omits the " "msg field since a message is not needed:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59069 +#: book.translate.xml:59452 #, no-wrap msgid "" "whitelist:\\\n" @@ -86024,12 +87173,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/title -#: book.translate.xml:59075 +#: book.translate.xml:59458 msgid "Choose Data Sources with Care" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: tip/para -#: book.translate.xml:59077 +#: book.translate.xml:59460 msgid "" "Using all the blacklists in the sample spamd.conf will " "blacklist large blocks of the Internet. Administrators need to edit the file " @@ -86038,20 +87187,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59085 +#: book.translate.xml:59468 msgid "" "Next, add this entry to /etc/rc.conf. Additional flags " "are described in the man page specified by the comment:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59090 +#: book.translate.xml:59473 #, no-wrap msgid "spamd_flags=\"-v\" # use \"\" and see spamd-setup(8) for flags" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59092 +#: book.translate.xml:59475 msgid "" "When finished, reload the ruleset, start spamd by " "typing service start obspamd, and complete the " @@ -86062,14 +87211,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59102 +#: book.translate.xml:59485 msgid "" "On a typical gateway in front of a mail server, hosts will soon start " "getting trapped within a few seconds to several minutes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59106 +#: book.translate.xml:59489 msgid "" "PF also supports greylisting, which temporarily rejects messages from unknown hosts with " @@ -86080,7 +87229,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59115 +#: book.translate.xml:59498 msgid "" "More information about greylisting as a technique can be found at the greylisting.org web site. " @@ -86090,17 +87239,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59122 +#: book.translate.xml:59505 msgid "The basic procedure for configuring greylisting is as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: procedure/title -#: book.translate.xml:59126 +#: book.translate.xml:59509 msgid "Configuring Greylisting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59129 +#: book.translate.xml:59512 msgid "" "Make sure that fdescfs5 is mounted as " @@ -86108,32 +87257,32 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59134 +#: book.translate.xml:59517 msgid "" "To run spamd in greylisting mode, add this line " "to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59138 +#: book.translate.xml:59521 #, no-wrap msgid "spamd_grey=\"YES\" # use spamd greylisting if YES" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59140 +#: book.translate.xml:59523 msgid "" "Refer to the spamd man page for descriptions of " "additional related parameters." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:59146 +#: book.translate.xml:59529 msgid "To complete the greylisting setup:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59148 +#: book.translate.xml:59531 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service restart obspamd\n" @@ -86141,7 +87290,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59153 +#: book.translate.xml:59536 msgid "" "Behind the scenes, the spamdb database tool and " "the spamlogd whitelist updater perform essential " @@ -86151,12 +87300,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:59163 +#: book.translate.xml:59546 msgid "Network Hygiene" msgstr "網路保健" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59165 +#: book.translate.xml:59548 msgid "" "This section describes how block-policy, scrub, and antispoof can be used to make the ruleset " @@ -86164,7 +87313,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59170 +#: book.translate.xml:59553 msgid "" "The block-policy is an option which can be set in the " "options part of the ruleset, which precedes the " @@ -86176,20 +87325,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59181 +#: book.translate.xml:59564 msgid "" "If not set, the default policy is drop. To change the " "block-policy, specify the desired value:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59186 +#: book.translate.xml:59569 #, no-wrap msgid "set block-policy return" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59188 +#: book.translate.xml:59571 msgid "" "In PF, scrub is a keyword " "which enables network packet normalization. This process reassembles " @@ -86201,13 +87350,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59198 +#: book.translate.xml:59581 #, no-wrap msgid "scrub in all" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59200 +#: book.translate.xml:59583 msgid "" "Some services, such as NFS, require specific fragment " "handling options. Refer to do not fragment bit, and sets the maximum segment size to 1440 bytes:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59208 +#: book.translate.xml:59591 #, no-wrap msgid "scrub in all fragment reassemble no-df max-mss 1440" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59210 +#: book.translate.xml:59593 msgid "" "The antispoof mechanism protects against activity from " "spoofed or forged IP addresses, mainly by blocking " @@ -86238,14 +87387,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59216 +#: book.translate.xml:59599 msgid "" "These rules weed out spoofed traffic coming in from the rest of the world as " "well as any spoofed packets which originate in the local network:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59220 +#: book.translate.xml:59603 #, no-wrap msgid "" "antispoof for $ext_if\n" @@ -86253,12 +87402,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:59225 +#: book.translate.xml:59608 msgid "Handling Non-Routable Addresses" msgstr "處理不可路由 (Non-Routable) 的位址" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59227 +#: book.translate.xml:59610 msgid "" "Even with a properly configured gateway to handle network address " "translation, one may have to compensate for other people's " @@ -86270,7 +87419,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59237 +#: book.translate.xml:59620 msgid "" "In this example, a macro containing non-routable addresses is defined, then " "used in blocking rules. Traffic to and from these addresses is quietly " @@ -86278,7 +87427,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59243 +#: book.translate.xml:59626 #, no-wrap msgid "" "martians = \"{ 127.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/16, 172.16.0.0/12, \\\n" @@ -86290,17 +87439,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:59254 +#: book.translate.xml:59637 msgid "IPFW" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59256 +#: book.translate.xml:59639 msgid "firewall IPFW" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:59262 +#: book.translate.xml:59645 msgid "" "IPFW is a stateful firewall written for FreeBSD " "which supports both IPv4 and IPv6. It " @@ -86310,9 +87459,15 @@ "refentrytitle>4 traffic shaper, a " "forward facility, a bridge facility, and an ipstealth facility." msgstr "" +"IPFW 是一套專為 FreeBSD 所寫的具狀態防火牆 " +"(Stateful firewall)，它同時支援 IPv4 與 IPv6，它由數個元件組成：核心防火牆過濾規則處理器與其整合的封包計帳設施、" +"記錄設施、NAT、dummynet4 流量限制程式、轉送設" +"施、橋接設施以及 ipstealth 設施。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:59271 +#: book.translate.xml:59654 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides a sample ruleset in /etc/rc.firewall " "which defines several firewall types for common scenarios to assist novice " @@ -86320,29 +87475,35 @@ "provides a powerful syntax which advanced users can use to craft customized " "rulesets that meet the security requirements of a given environment." msgstr "" +"FreeBSD 提供一個範本規則集於 /etc/rc.firewall，其定義了" +"幾個常見情境會使用的防火牆類型來協助初學的使用者撰寫合適的規則集。" +"IPFW 提供了強大的語法讓進階的使用者可以用來自訂符" +"合環境安全性要求的規則集。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:59279 +#: book.translate.xml:59662 msgid "" "This section describes how to enable IPFW, " "provides an overview of its rule syntax, and demonstrates several rulesets " "for common configuration scenarios." msgstr "" +"本節將介紹如何開啟 IPFW、規則語法的概要以及示範幾" +"種常見情境所使用的規則集：" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:59285 +#: book.translate.xml:59668 msgid "Enabling IPFW" msgstr "開啟 IPFW" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59287 +#: book.translate.xml:59670 msgid "" "IPFW enabling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59293 +#: book.translate.xml:59676 msgid "" "IPFW is included in the basic FreeBSD install as " "a kernel loadable module, meaning that a custom kernel is not needed in " @@ -86350,18 +87511,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59298 +#: book.translate.xml:59681 msgid "kernel options IPFIREWALL" msgstr "核心選項 IPFIREWALL" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59304 +#: book.translate.xml:59687 msgid "" "kernel options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE" msgstr "核心選項 IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59310 +#: book.translate.xml:59693 msgid "" "kernel options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT" @@ -86369,14 +87530,14 @@ "核心選項 IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59316 +#: book.translate.xml:59699 msgid "" "IPFW kernel " "options" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59322 +#: book.translate.xml:59705 msgid "" "For those users who wish to statically compile IPFW support into a custom kernel, refer to the instructions in " @@ -86385,7 +87546,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59328 +#: book.translate.xml:59711 #, no-wrap msgid "" "options IPFIREWALL\t\t\t# enables IPFW\n" @@ -86396,79 +87557,79 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59334 +#: book.translate.xml:59717 msgid "" "To configure the system to enable IPFW at boot " "time, add the following entry to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59338 +#: book.translate.xml:59721 #, no-wrap msgid "firewall_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59340 +#: book.translate.xml:59723 msgid "" "To use one of the default firewall types provided by FreeBSD, add another " "line which specifies the type:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59343 +#: book.translate.xml:59726 #, no-wrap msgid "firewall_type=\"open\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59345 +#: book.translate.xml:59728 msgid "The available types are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59349 +#: book.translate.xml:59732 msgid "open: passes all traffic." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59352 +#: book.translate.xml:59735 msgid "client: protects only this machine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59356 +#: book.translate.xml:59739 msgid "simple: protects the whole network." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59360 +#: book.translate.xml:59743 msgid "" "closed: entirely disables IP traffic except for the " "loopback interface." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59364 +#: book.translate.xml:59747 msgid "" "workstation: protects only this machine using stateful " "rules." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59368 +#: book.translate.xml:59751 msgid "UNKNOWN: disables the loading of firewall rules." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59372 +#: book.translate.xml:59755 msgid "" "filename: full path of the " "file containing the firewall ruleset." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59378 +#: book.translate.xml:59761 msgid "" "If firewall_type is set to either client or simple, modify the default rules found in " @@ -86476,14 +87637,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59384 +#: book.translate.xml:59767 msgid "" "Note that the filename type is used to load a custom " "ruleset." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59387 +#: book.translate.xml:59770 msgid "" "An alternate way to load a custom ruleset is to set the " "firewall_script variable to the absolute path of an " @@ -86494,24 +87655,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59395 +#: book.translate.xml:59778 #, no-wrap msgid "firewall_script=\"/etc/ipfw.rules\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59397 +#: book.translate.xml:59780 msgid "To enable logging, include this line:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59399 +#: book.translate.xml:59782 #, no-wrap msgid "firewall_logging=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59401 +#: book.translate.xml:59784 msgid "" "There is no /etc/rc.conf variable to set logging " "limits. To limit the number of times a rule is logged per connection " @@ -86520,20 +87681,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59406 +#: book.translate.xml:59789 #, no-wrap msgid "net.inet.ip.fw.verbose_limit=5" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59408 +#: book.translate.xml:59791 msgid "" "After saving the needed edits, start the firewall. To enable logging limits " "now, also set the sysctl value specified above:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:59412 +#: book.translate.xml:59795 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service ipfw start\n" @@ -86541,19 +87702,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:59417 +#: book.translate.xml:59800 msgid "IPFW Rule Syntax" msgstr "IPFW 規則語法" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59419 +#: book.translate.xml:59802 msgid "" "IPFW rule " "processing order" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59425 +#: book.translate.xml:59808 msgid "" "When a packet enters the IPFW firewall, it is " "compared against the first rule in the ruleset and progresses one rule at a " @@ -86571,14 +87732,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59441 +#: book.translate.xml:59824 msgid "" "IPFW rule syntax" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59447 +#: book.translate.xml:59830 msgid "" "When creating an IPFW rule, keywords must be " "written in the following order. Some keywords are mandatory while other " @@ -86589,14 +87750,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59457 +#: book.translate.xml:59840 msgid "" "CMD RULE_NUMBER set SET_NUMBER ACTION log LOG_AMOUNT PROTO from " "SRC SRC_PORT to DST DST_PORT OPTIONS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59461 +#: book.translate.xml:59844 msgid "" "This section provides an overview of these keywords and their options. It is " "not an exhaustive list of every possible option. Refer to " @@ -86606,22 +87767,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59469 +#: book.translate.xml:59852 msgid "CMD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59471 +#: book.translate.xml:59854 msgid "Every rule must start with ipfw add." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59477 +#: book.translate.xml:59860 msgid "RULE_NUMBER" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59479 +#: book.translate.xml:59862 msgid "" "Each rule is associated with a number from 1 to " "65534. The number is used to indicate the order of rule " @@ -86630,12 +87791,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59490 +#: book.translate.xml:59873 msgid "SET_NUMBER" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59492 +#: book.translate.xml:59875 msgid "" "Each rule is associated with a set number from 0 to " "31. Sets can be individually disabled or enabled, making " @@ -86644,12 +87805,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59502 book.translate.xml:60480 +#: book.translate.xml:59885 book.translate.xml:60863 msgid "ACTION" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59504 +#: book.translate.xml:59887 msgid "" "A rule can be associated with one of the following actions. The specified " "action will be executed when the packet matches the selection criterion of " @@ -86657,14 +87818,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59509 +#: book.translate.xml:59892 msgid "" "allow | accept | pass | permit: these keywords are " "equivalent and allow packets that match the rule." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59513 +#: book.translate.xml:59896 msgid "" "check-state: checks the packet against the dynamic " "state table. If a match is found, execute the action associated with the " @@ -86676,21 +87837,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59524 +#: book.translate.xml:59907 msgid "" "count: updates counters for all packets that match " "the rule. The search continues with the next rule." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59528 +#: book.translate.xml:59911 msgid "" "deny | drop: either word silently discards packets " "that match this rule." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59531 +#: book.translate.xml:59914 msgid "" "Additional actions are available. Refer to " "ipfw8log keyword, a " "message will be logged to syslogd/etc/protocols." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59572 +#: book.translate.xml:59955 msgid "SRC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59574 +#: book.translate.xml:59957 msgid "" "The from keyword must be followed by the source address " "or a keyword that represents the source address. An address can be " @@ -86758,24 +87919,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59592 book.translate.xml:60616 +#: book.translate.xml:59975 book.translate.xml:60999 msgid "SRC_PORT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59594 +#: book.translate.xml:59977 msgid "" "An optional source port can be specified using the port number or name from " "/etc/services." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59601 +#: book.translate.xml:59984 msgid "DST" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59603 +#: book.translate.xml:59986 msgid "" "The to keyword must be followed by the destination " "address or a keyword that represents the destination address. The same " @@ -86784,24 +87945,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59612 book.translate.xml:60653 +#: book.translate.xml:59995 book.translate.xml:61036 msgid "DST_PORT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59614 +#: book.translate.xml:59997 msgid "" "An optional destination port can be specified using the port number or name " "from /etc/services." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:59621 book.translate.xml:60532 +#: book.translate.xml:60004 book.translate.xml:60915 msgid "OPTIONS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59623 +#: book.translate.xml:60006 msgid "" "Several keywords can follow the source and destination. As the name " "suggests, OPTIONS are optional. Commonly used options include inkeep-state rule is matched, the firewall will " "create a dynamic rule which matches bidirectional traffic between the source " @@ -86819,7 +87980,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59638 +#: book.translate.xml:60021 msgid "" "The dynamic rules facility is vulnerable to resource depletion from a SYN-" "flood attack which would open a huge number of dynamic rules. To counter " @@ -86832,7 +87993,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:59650 +#: book.translate.xml:60033 msgid "" "Dozens of OPTIONS are available. Refer to ipfw8 for a description of " @@ -86840,12 +88001,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:59659 book.translate.xml:60732 +#: book.translate.xml:60042 book.translate.xml:61115 msgid "Example Ruleset" msgstr "範例規則集" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59661 +#: book.translate.xml:60044 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to create an example stateful firewall ruleset " "script named /etc/ipfw.rules. In this example, all " @@ -86856,20 +88017,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:59671 +#: book.translate.xml:60054 msgid "" "When first creating or testing a firewall ruleset, consider temporarily " "setting this tunable:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59674 +#: book.translate.xml:60057 #, no-wrap msgid "net.inet.ip.fw.default_to_accept=\"1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:59676 +#: book.translate.xml:60059 msgid "" "This sets the default policy of ipfw8 to be more permissive " @@ -86878,7 +88039,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59682 +#: book.translate.xml:60065 msgid "" "The firewall script begins by indicating that it is a Bourne shell script " "and flushes any existing rules. It then creates the cmd " @@ -86889,7 +88050,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59690 +#: book.translate.xml:60073 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#!/bin/sh\n" @@ -86902,14 +88063,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59698 +#: book.translate.xml:60081 msgid "" "The first two rules allow all traffic on the trusted internal interface and " "on the loopback interface:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59701 +#: book.translate.xml:60084 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Change xl0 to LAN NIC interface name\n" @@ -86920,27 +88081,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59707 +#: book.translate.xml:60090 msgid "" "The next rule allows the packet through if it matches an existing entry in " "the dynamic rules table:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59710 +#: book.translate.xml:60093 #, no-wrap msgid "$cmd 00101 check-state" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59712 +#: book.translate.xml:60095 msgid "" "The next set of rules defines which stateful connections internal systems " "can create to hosts on the Internet:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59715 +#: book.translate.xml:60098 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Allow access to public DNS\n" @@ -86977,7 +88138,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59747 +#: book.translate.xml:60130 msgid "" "The next set of rules controls connections from Internet hosts to the " "internal network. It starts by denying packets typically associated with " @@ -86987,7 +88148,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59754 +#: book.translate.xml:60137 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Deny all inbound traffic from non-routable reserved address spaces\n" @@ -87034,14 +88195,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59796 +#: book.translate.xml:60179 msgid "" "The last rule logs all packets that do not match any of the rules in the " "ruleset:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59799 +#: book.translate.xml:60182 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Everything else is denied and logged\n" @@ -87050,19 +88211,19 @@ #. (itstool) path: info/title #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:59805 book.translate.xml:60886 +#: book.translate.xml:60188 book.translate.xml:61269 msgid "Configuring NAT" msgstr "設定 NAT" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:59817 +#: book.translate.xml:60200 msgid "" "NAT and IPFW" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59823 +#: book.translate.xml:60206 msgid "" "FreeBSD's built-in NAT daemon, " "natd8NICs, where one is " @@ -87087,7 +88248,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59843 +#: book.translate.xml:60226 msgid "" "Some additional configuration is needed in order to activate the " "NAT function of IPFW. If the " @@ -87097,14 +88258,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59850 +#: book.translate.xml:60233 msgid "" "To enable NAT support at boot time, the following must be " "in /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59853 +#: book.translate.xml:60236 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gateway_enable=\"YES\"\t\t# enables the gateway\n" @@ -87114,7 +88275,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:59859 +#: book.translate.xml:60242 msgid "" "It is also possible to specify a configuration file which contains the " "options to pass to natdnatd8NAT rules to the firewall ruleset. When the " "rulest contains stateful rules, the positioning of the NATNAT rule is inserted after the two rules which allow all traffic on the trusted internal " @@ -87197,7 +88358,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59908 +#: book.translate.xml:60291 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$cmd 005 allow all from any to any via xl0 # exclude LAN traffic\n" @@ -87208,7 +88369,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59914 +#: book.translate.xml:60297 msgid "" "The outbound rules are modified to replace the allow " "action with the $skip variable, indicating that rule " @@ -87219,7 +88380,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59923 +#: book.translate.xml:60306 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Authorized outbound packets\n" @@ -87230,7 +88391,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59929 +#: book.translate.xml:60312 msgid "" "The inbound rules remain the same, except for the very last rule which " "removes the via $pif in order to catch both inbound and " @@ -87245,7 +88406,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:59942 +#: book.translate.xml:60325 #, no-wrap msgid "" "$cmd 499 deny log all from any to any\n" @@ -87254,7 +88415,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59946 +#: book.translate.xml:60329 msgid "" "In this example, rules 100, 101, " "125, 500, and 510 " @@ -87264,7 +88425,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59954 +#: book.translate.xml:60337 msgid "" "Consider an internal web browser which initializes a new outbound " "HTTP session over port 80. When the first outbound packet " @@ -87287,7 +88448,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:59978 +#: book.translate.xml:60361 msgid "" "On the inbound side, the ruleset has to deny bad packets and allow only " "authorized services. A packet which matches an inbound rule is posted to the " @@ -87299,12 +88460,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:59990 +#: book.translate.xml:60373 msgid "Port Redirection" msgstr "Port 重新導向" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:59992 +#: book.translate.xml:60375 msgid "" "The drawback with natd8 is that the " @@ -87318,7 +88479,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60002 +#: book.translate.xml:60385 msgid "" "For example, an IRC server runs on client A and a web server runs on client B. For " @@ -87328,12 +88489,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60009 +#: book.translate.xml:60392 msgid "The syntax for is as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60012 +#: book.translate.xml:60395 #, no-wrap msgid "" " -redirect_port proto targetIP:targetPORT[-targetPORT]\n" @@ -87342,12 +88503,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60016 +#: book.translate.xml:60399 msgid "In the above example, the argument should be:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60018 +#: book.translate.xml:60401 #, no-wrap msgid "" " -redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.2:6667 6667\n" @@ -87355,14 +88516,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60021 +#: book.translate.xml:60404 msgid "" "This redirects the proper TCP ports to the LAN client machines." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60024 +#: book.translate.xml:60407 msgid "" "Port ranges over individual ports can be indicated with . For example, tcp 192.168.0.2:2000-3000 " @@ -87371,7 +88532,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60031 +#: book.translate.xml:60414 msgid "" "These options can be used when directly running " "natd8natd8address redirection" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60048 +#: book.translate.xml:60431 msgid "" "Address redirection is useful if more than one IP address " "is available. Each LAN client can be assigned its own " @@ -87421,47 +88582,47 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60066 +#: book.translate.xml:60449 msgid "The syntax is as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60069 +#: book.translate.xml:60452 #, no-wrap msgid "-redirect_address localIP publicIP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:60076 +#: book.translate.xml:60459 msgid "localIP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:60077 +#: book.translate.xml:60460 msgid "" "The internal IP address of the LAN " "client." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:60082 +#: book.translate.xml:60465 msgid "publicIP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:60083 +#: book.translate.xml:60466 msgid "" "The external IP address corresponding to the " "LAN client." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60091 +#: book.translate.xml:60474 msgid "In the example, this argument would read:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60093 +#: book.translate.xml:60476 #, no-wrap msgid "" "-redirect_address 192.168.0.2 128.1.1.2\n" @@ -87469,7 +88630,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60096 +#: book.translate.xml:60479 msgid "" "Like , these arguments are placed within the " "natd_flags=\"\" option of /etc/rc.confIP addresses on the " "natd8IPFW Command" msgstr "IPFW 指令" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60114 +#: book.translate.xml:60497 msgid "ipfw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60116 +#: book.translate.xml:60499 msgid "" "ipfw can be used to make manual, single rule additions or " "deletions to the active firewall while it is running. The problem with using " @@ -87510,7 +88671,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60125 +#: book.translate.xml:60508 msgid "" "ipfw is a useful way to display the running firewall " "rules to the console screen. The IPFW accounting " @@ -87521,31 +88682,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60133 +#: book.translate.xml:60516 msgid "To list all the running rules in sequence:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60135 +#: book.translate.xml:60518 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60137 +#: book.translate.xml:60520 msgid "" "To list all the running rules with a time stamp of when the last time the " "rule was matched:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60140 +#: book.translate.xml:60523 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw -t list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60142 +#: book.translate.xml:60525 msgid "" "The next example lists accounting information and the packet count for " "matched rules along with the rules themselves. The first column is the rule " @@ -87554,71 +88715,71 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60148 +#: book.translate.xml:60531 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw -a list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60150 +#: book.translate.xml:60533 msgid "To list dynamic rules in addition to static rules:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60152 +#: book.translate.xml:60535 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw -d list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60154 +#: book.translate.xml:60537 msgid "To also show the expired dynamic rules:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60156 +#: book.translate.xml:60539 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw -d -e list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60158 +#: book.translate.xml:60541 msgid "To zero the counters:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60160 +#: book.translate.xml:60543 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw zero" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60162 +#: book.translate.xml:60545 msgid "" "To zero the counters for just the rule with number NUM:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60165 +#: book.translate.xml:60548 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipfw zero NUM" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:60168 +#: book.translate.xml:60551 msgid "Logging Firewall Messages" msgstr "記錄防火牆訊息" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60170 +#: book.translate.xml:60553 msgid "" "IPFW logging" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60176 +#: book.translate.xml:60559 msgid "" "Even with the logging facility enabled, IPFW will " "not generate any rule logging on its own. The firewall administrator decides " @@ -87631,7 +88792,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60188 +#: book.translate.xml:60571 msgid "" "Logging is a two edged sword. If one is not careful, an over abundance of " "log data or a DoS attack can fill the disk with log files. Log messages are " @@ -87640,7 +88801,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60194 +#: book.translate.xml:60577 msgid "" "The IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=5 kernel option limits the " "number of consecutive messages sent to syslogd/var/log/" "security, which is defined in /etc/syslog.confIPFW users create a file " "containing the rules and code them in a manner compatible with running them " @@ -87686,7 +88847,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60228 +#: book.translate.xml:60611 msgid "" "This example script is compatible with the syntax used by the " "sh1/etc/ipfw.rules, the rules " "could be reloaded by the following command:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60261 +#: book.translate.xml:60644 #, no-wrap msgid "# sh /etc/ipfw.rules" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60263 +#: book.translate.xml:60646 msgid "" "/etc/ipfw.rules can be located anywhere and the file " "can have any name." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:60266 +#: book.translate.xml:60649 msgid "The same thing could be accomplished by running these commands by hand:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60269 +#: book.translate.xml:60652 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ipfw -q -f flush\n" @@ -87770,28 +88931,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title -#: book.translate.xml:60281 +#: book.translate.xml:60664 msgid "IPFILTER (IPF)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60283 +#: book.translate.xml:60666 msgid "" "firewall IPFILTER" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:60289 +#: book.translate.xml:60672 msgid "" "IPFILTER, also known as IPF, is a cross-platform, open source firewall which has been " "ported to several operating systems, including FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and " "Solaris." msgstr "" +"IPFILTER 即為 IPF，是一" +"套跨平台、開放源碼的防火牆，已被移植到各種作業系統，包含 FreeBSD, NetBSD, " +"OpenBSD 與 Solaris。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:60294 +#: book.translate.xml:60677 msgid "" "IPFILTER is a kernel-side firewall and " "NAT mechanism that can be controlled and monitored by " @@ -87803,9 +88967,16 @@ "be used to log IPFILTER actions to the system log " "files." msgstr "" +"IPFILTER 是核心端 (Kernel-side) 的防火牆且 " +"NAT 機制可由 Userland 的程式控制與監控，防火牆規則可以使" +"用 ipf 設定或刪除，NAT 規則可以" +"使用 ipnat 設定或刪除，可使用 " +"ipfstat 來列出 IPFILTER 在核心部份的執行期統計資訊，可使用 ipmon 來記錄 IPFILTER 動作到系統記錄檔。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:60306 +#: book.translate.xml:60689 msgid "" "IPF was originally written using a rule " "processing logic of the last matching rule wins and only used " @@ -87813,38 +88984,49 @@ "enhanced to include the quick and keep state options." msgstr "" +"IPF 原來是以 最後一個符合的條件優先 的規則處理邏輯所撰寫並只能使用無狀態 (Stateless) 的規則，之後 " +"IPF 才被加強支援快速 (quick) 與" +"保留狀態 (keep state) 的選項。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:60313 +#: book.translate.xml:60696 msgid "" "The IPF FAQ is at http://www.phildev.net/ipf/index.html. A " "searchable archive of the IPFilter mailing list is available at http://marc.info/?l=ipfilter." msgstr "" +"IPF FAQ 位於 http://www.phildev.net/ipf/index.html，可搜尋的 " +"IPFilter 郵遞論壇封存資料可至 http://marc.info/?l=ipfilter 取得。" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:60317 +#: book.translate.xml:60700 msgid "" "This section of the Handbook focuses on IPF as it " "pertains to FreeBSD. It provides examples of rules that contain the " "quick and keep state options." msgstr "" +"由於 FreeBSD 也支援 IPF 因此操作手冊特別在此章節對" +"此介紹，本節提供幾個有使用快速 (quick) 與保留狀態 " +"(keep state) 選項的規則範例。" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:60324 +#: book.translate.xml:60707 msgid "Enabling IPF" msgstr "開啟 IPF" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60326 +#: book.translate.xml:60709 msgid "" "IPFILTER enabling" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60332 +#: book.translate.xml:60715 msgid "" "IPF is included in the basic FreeBSD install as a " "kernel loadable module, meaning that a custom kernel is not needed in order " @@ -87852,7 +89034,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60337 +#: book.translate.xml:60720 msgid "" "kernel options IPFILTER" @@ -87861,12 +89043,12 @@ "secondary>" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60343 +#: book.translate.xml:60726 msgid "kernel options IPFILTER_LOG" msgstr "核心選項 IPFILTER_LOG" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60349 +#: book.translate.xml:60732 msgid "" "kernel options IPFILTER_DEFAULT_BLOCK" @@ -87874,14 +89056,14 @@ "核心選項 IPFILTER_DEFAULT_BLOCK" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60355 +#: book.translate.xml:60738 msgid "" "IPFILTER kernel " "options" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60361 +#: book.translate.xml:60744 msgid "" "For users who prefer to statically compile IPF " "support into a custom kernel, refer to the instructions in options IPFILTER enables support for " "IPFILTER, options IPFILTER_LOG " @@ -87913,7 +89095,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60384 +#: book.translate.xml:60767 msgid "" "To configure the system to enable IPF at boot " "time, add the following entries to /etc/rc.conf. These " @@ -87924,7 +89106,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60393 +#: book.translate.xml:60776 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ipfilter_enable=\"YES\" # Start ipf firewall\n" @@ -87937,13 +89119,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60401 +#: book.translate.xml:60784 msgid "" "If NAT functionality is needed, also add these lines:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60404 +#: book.translate.xml:60787 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gateway_enable=\"YES\" # Enable as LAN gateway\n" @@ -87952,18 +89134,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60408 +#: book.translate.xml:60791 msgid "Then, to start IPF now:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60410 +#: book.translate.xml:60793 #, no-wrap msgid "# service ipfilter start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60412 +#: book.translate.xml:60795 msgid "" "To load the firewall rules, specify the name of the ruleset file using " "ipf. The following command can be used to replace the " @@ -87971,20 +89153,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:60417 +#: book.translate.xml:60800 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipf -Fa -f /etc/ipf.rules" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60419 +#: book.translate.xml:60802 msgid "" "where flushes all the internal rules tables and " " specifies the file containing the rules to load." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60423 +#: book.translate.xml:60806 msgid "" "This provides the ability to make changes to a custom ruleset and update the " "running firewall with a fresh copy of the rules without having to reboot the " @@ -87993,7 +89175,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60429 +#: book.translate.xml:60812 msgid "" "Refer to ipf8 for details on the other flags available with this " @@ -88001,19 +89183,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:60434 +#: book.translate.xml:60817 msgid "IPF Rule Syntax" msgstr "IPF 規則語法" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60436 +#: book.translate.xml:60819 msgid "" "IPFILTER rule " "syntax" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60442 +#: book.translate.xml:60825 msgid "" "This section describes the IPF rule syntax used " "to create stateful rules. When creating rules, keep in mind that unless the " @@ -88026,7 +89208,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60453 +#: book.translate.xml:60836 msgid "" "When creating rules, a # character is used to mark the " "start of a comment and may appear at the end of a rule, to explain that " @@ -88034,7 +89216,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60458 +#: book.translate.xml:60841 msgid "" "The keywords which are used in rules must be written in a specific order, " "from left to right. Some keywords are mandatory while others are optional. " @@ -88045,7 +89227,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60467 +#: book.translate.xml:60850 msgid "" "ACTION DIRECTION OPTIONS proto PROTO_TYPE from SRC_ADDR " "SRC_PORT to DST_ADDR DST_PORT TCP_FLAG|ICMP_TYPE keep state STATEmust have an action. The following " @@ -88072,91 +89254,91 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60487 +#: book.translate.xml:60870 msgid "block: drops the packet." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60489 +#: book.translate.xml:60872 msgid "pass: allows the packet." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60491 +#: book.translate.xml:60874 msgid "log: generates a log record." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60494 +#: book.translate.xml:60877 msgid "" "count: counts the number of packets and bytes which can " "provide an indication of how often a rule is used." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60498 +#: book.translate.xml:60881 msgid "" "auth: queues the packet for further processing by another " "program." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60501 +#: book.translate.xml:60884 msgid "" "call: provides access to functions built into " "IPF that allow more complex actions." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60505 +#: book.translate.xml:60888 msgid "" "decapsulate: removes any headers in order to process the " "contents of the packet." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:60511 +#: book.translate.xml:60894 msgid "DIRECTION" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60513 +#: book.translate.xml:60896 msgid "" "Next, each rule must explicitly state the direction of traffic using one of " "these keywords:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60516 +#: book.translate.xml:60899 msgid "in: the rule is applied against an inbound packet." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60519 +#: book.translate.xml:60902 msgid "out: the rule is applied against an outbound packet." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60522 +#: book.translate.xml:60905 msgid "all: the rule applies to either direction." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60525 +#: book.translate.xml:60908 msgid "" "If the system has multiple interfaces, the interface can be specified along " "with the direction. An example would be in on fxp0." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60534 +#: book.translate.xml:60917 msgid "" "Options are optional. However, if multiple options are specified, they must " "be used in the order shown here." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60538 +#: book.translate.xml:60921 msgid "" "log: when performing the specified ACTION, the contents " "of the packet's headers will be written to the " @@ -88165,7 +89347,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60543 +#: book.translate.xml:60926 msgid "" "quick: if a packet matches this rule, the ACTION " "specified by the rule occurs and no further processing of any following " @@ -88173,7 +89355,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60548 +#: book.translate.xml:60931 msgid "" "on: must be followed by the interface name as displayed " "by ifconfig8log keyword, the following qualifiers may " "be used in this order:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60557 +#: book.translate.xml:60940 msgid "" "body: indicates that the first 128 bytes of the packet " "contents will be logged after the headers." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60561 +#: book.translate.xml:60944 msgid "" "first: if the log keyword is being " "used in conjunction with a keep state option, this option " @@ -88205,7 +89387,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60568 +#: book.translate.xml:60951 msgid "" "Additional options are available to specify error return messages. Refer to " "ipf5from keyword is mandatory and is followed by a " "keyword which represents the source of the packet. The source can be a " @@ -88247,7 +89429,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60604 +#: book.translate.xml:60987 msgid "" "There is no way to match ranges of IP addresses which do " "not express themselves easily using the dotted numeric form / mask-length " @@ -88258,7 +89440,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60618 +#: book.translate.xml:61001 msgid "" "The port number of the source is optional. However, if it is used, it " "requires PROTO_TYPE to be first defined in the rule. The port number must " @@ -88266,7 +89448,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60623 +#: book.translate.xml:61006 msgid "" "A number of different comparison operators are supported: = (equal to), != (not equal to), <<>" " (less than and greater than ), >< " @@ -88285,12 +89467,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:60641 +#: book.translate.xml:61024 msgid "DST_ADDR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60643 +#: book.translate.xml:61026 msgid "" "The to keyword is mandatory and is followed by a keyword " "which represents the destination of the packet. Similar to SRC_ADDR, it can " @@ -88300,7 +89482,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60655 +#: book.translate.xml:61038 msgid "" "Similar to SRC_PORT, the port number of the destination is optional. " "However, if it is used, it requires PROTO_TYPE to be first defined in the " @@ -88309,14 +89491,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:60664 +#: book.translate.xml:61047 msgid "TCP_FLAG|ICMP_TYPE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60666 +#: book.translate.xml:61049 msgid "" -"If tcp is specifed as the PROTO_TYPE, flags can be " +"If tcp is specified as the PROTO_TYPE, flags can be " "specified as letters, where each letter represents one of the possible " "TCP flags used to determine the state of a connection. " "Possible values are: S (SYN), A (ACK), " @@ -88326,21 +89508,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60680 +#: book.translate.xml:61063 msgid "" -"If icmp is specifed as the PROTO_TYPE, the ICMP type to match can be specified. Refer to " +"If icmp is specified as the PROTO_TYPE, the " +"ICMP type to match can be specified. Refer to " "ipf5 for the allowable types." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:60688 +#: book.translate.xml:61071 msgid "STATE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60690 +#: book.translate.xml:61073 msgid "" "If a pass rule contains keep state, " "IPF will add an entry to its dynamic state table " @@ -88352,7 +89534,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60702 +#: book.translate.xml:61085 msgid "" "In IPF, packets destined to go out through the " "interface connected to the public Internet are first checked against the " @@ -88369,7 +89551,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:60720 +#: book.translate.xml:61103 msgid "" "Several keywords can be added after keep state. If used, " "these keywords set various options that control stateful filtering, such as " @@ -88379,14 +89561,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60734 +#: book.translate.xml:61117 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to create an example ruleset which only allows " "services matching pass rules and blocks all others." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60738 +#: book.translate.xml:61121 msgid "" "FreeBSD uses the loopback interface (lo0) and the " "IP address 127.0.0.1LAN interface named xl0:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60764 +#: book.translate.xml:61147 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# no restrictions on inside LAN interface for private network\n" @@ -88433,7 +89615,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60768 +#: book.translate.xml:61151 msgid "" "The rules for the public interface's outbound and inbound sections should " "have the most frequently matched rules placed before less commonly matched " @@ -88442,7 +89624,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60774 +#: book.translate.xml:61157 msgid "" "This set of rules defines the outbound section of the public interface named " "dc0. These rules keep state and identify the specific " @@ -88452,7 +89634,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60782 +#: book.translate.xml:61165 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# interface facing Internet (outbound)\n" @@ -88497,7 +89679,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60822 +#: book.translate.xml:61205 msgid "" "This example of the rules in the inbound section of the public interface " "blocks all undesirable packets first. This reduces the number of packets " @@ -88505,7 +89687,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60827 +#: book.translate.xml:61210 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# interface facing Internet (inbound)\n" @@ -88546,7 +89728,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60863 +#: book.translate.xml:61246 msgid "" "Any time there are logged messages on a rule with the log first option, run ipfstat -hio to evaluate how many " @@ -88555,7 +89737,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60869 +#: book.translate.xml:61252 msgid "" "The rest of the rules in the inbound section define which connections are " "allowed to be initiated from the Internet. The last rule denies all " @@ -88564,7 +89746,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60874 +#: book.translate.xml:61257 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Allow traffic in from ISP's DHCP server. Replace z.z.z.z with\n" @@ -88579,22 +89761,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60890 +#: book.translate.xml:61273 msgid "IP masquerading NAT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60896 +#: book.translate.xml:61279 msgid "network address translation NAT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:60902 +#: book.translate.xml:61285 msgid "ipnat" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60904 +#: book.translate.xml:61287 msgid "" "To enable NAT, add these statements to /etc/rc." "conf and specify the name of the file containing the " @@ -88602,7 +89784,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60908 +#: book.translate.xml:61291 #, no-wrap msgid "" "gateway_enable=\"YES\"\n" @@ -88611,7 +89793,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60912 +#: book.translate.xml:61295 msgid "" "NAT rules are flexible and can accomplish many different " "things to fit the needs of both commercial and home users. The rule syntax " @@ -88622,7 +89804,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60918 +#: book.translate.xml:61301 msgid "" "The basic syntax for a NAT rule is as follows, where " "map starts the rule and IF " @@ -88630,13 +89812,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60923 +#: book.translate.xml:61306 #, no-wrap msgid "map IF LAN_IP_RANGE -> PUBLIC_ADDRESS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60925 +#: book.translate.xml:61308 msgid "" "The LAN_IP_RANGE is the range of IP addresses used by internal clients. Usually, it is a private " @@ -88648,7 +89830,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60934 +#: book.translate.xml:61317 msgid "" "In IPF, when a packet arrives at the firewall " "from the LAN with a public destination, it first passes " @@ -88670,7 +89852,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60957 +#: book.translate.xml:61340 msgid "" "For networks that have large numbers of internal systems or multiple " "subnets, the process of funneling every private IP " @@ -88679,7 +89861,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60963 +#: book.translate.xml:61346 msgid "" "The first method is to assign a range of ports to use as source ports. By " "adding the portmap keyword, NAT can be " @@ -88687,26 +89869,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60968 +#: book.translate.xml:61351 #, no-wrap msgid "map dc0 192.168.1.0/24 -> 0/32 portmap tcp/udp 20000:60000" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60970 +#: book.translate.xml:61353 msgid "" "Alternately, use the auto keyword which tells " "NAT to determine the ports that are available for use:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60974 +#: book.translate.xml:61357 #, no-wrap msgid "map dc0 192.168.1.0/24 -> 0/32 portmap tcp/udp auto" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60976 +#: book.translate.xml:61359 msgid "" "The second method is to use a pool of public addresses. This is useful when " "there are too many LAN addresses to fit into a single " @@ -88717,14 +89899,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60985 +#: book.translate.xml:61368 msgid "" "The range of public IP addresses can be specified using a " "netmask or CIDR notation. These two rules are equivalent:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:60989 +#: book.translate.xml:61372 #, no-wrap msgid "" "map dc0 192.168.1.0/24 -> 204.134.75.0/255.255.255.0\n" @@ -88732,7 +89914,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:60992 +#: book.translate.xml:61375 msgid "" "A common practice is to have a publically accessible web server or mail " "server segregated to an internal network segment. The traffic from these " @@ -88744,26 +89926,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61001 +#: book.translate.xml:61384 #, no-wrap msgid "rdr dc0 20.20.20.5/32 port 80 -> 10.0.10.25 port 80" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61003 +#: book.translate.xml:61386 msgid "" "If it is the only web server, this rule would also work as it redirects all " "external HTTP requests to 10.0.10.25:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61007 +#: book.translate.xml:61390 #, no-wrap msgid "rdr dc0 0.0.0.0/0 port 80 -> 10.0.10.25 port 80" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61009 +#: book.translate.xml:61392 msgid "" "IPF has a built in FTP proxy " "which can be used with NAT. It monitors all outbound " @@ -88774,7 +89956,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61018 +#: book.translate.xml:61401 msgid "" "In this example, the first rule calls the proxy for outbound FTP traffic from the internal LAN. The second rule " @@ -88784,7 +89966,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61026 +#: book.translate.xml:61409 #, no-wrap msgid "" "map dc0 10.0.10.0/29 -> 0/32 proxy port 21 ftp/tcp\n" @@ -88793,7 +89975,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61030 +#: book.translate.xml:61413 msgid "" "The FTP map rules go before the " "NAT rule so that when a packet matches an FTPFTP proxy, the following firewall rules would " "instead be needed. Note that without the proxy, all ports above " @@ -88813,7 +89995,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61045 +#: book.translate.xml:61428 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Allow out LAN PC client FTP to public Internet\n" @@ -88828,7 +90010,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61055 +#: book.translate.xml:61438 msgid "" "Whenever the file containing the NAT rules is edited, run " "ipnat with to delete the current " @@ -88838,65 +90020,65 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61063 +#: book.translate.xml:61446 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipnat -CF -f /etc/ipnat.rules" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61065 +#: book.translate.xml:61448 msgid "To display the NAT statistics:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61067 +#: book.translate.xml:61450 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipnat -s" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61069 +#: book.translate.xml:61452 msgid "To list the NAT table's current mappings:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61072 +#: book.translate.xml:61455 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipnat -l" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61074 +#: book.translate.xml:61457 msgid "" "To turn verbose mode on and display information relating to rule processing " "and active rules and table entries:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61077 +#: book.translate.xml:61460 #, no-wrap msgid "# ipnat -v" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:61193 +#: book.translate.xml:61576 msgid "Viewing IPF Statistics" msgstr "檢視 IPF 統計資訊" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61195 +#: book.translate.xml:61578 msgid "ipfstat" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61197 +#: book.translate.xml:61580 msgid "" "IPFILTER " "statistics" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61203 +#: book.translate.xml:61586 msgid "" "IPF includes " "ipfstat8ipfstat output looks like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61215 +#: book.translate.xml:61598 #, no-wrap msgid "" "input packets: blocked 99286 passed 1255609 nomatch 14686 counted 0\n" @@ -88935,7 +90117,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61233 +#: book.translate.xml:61616 msgid "" "Several options are available. When supplied with either " "for inbound or for outbound, the command will retrieve " @@ -88946,7 +90128,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61242 +#: book.translate.xml:61625 #, no-wrap msgid "" "@1 pass out on xl0 from any to any\n" @@ -88955,7 +90137,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61246 +#: book.translate.xml:61629 msgid "" "Include to prefix each rule with a count of how many " "times the rule was matched. For example, ipfstat -oh " @@ -88964,7 +90146,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61251 +#: book.translate.xml:61634 #, no-wrap msgid "" "2451423 pass out on xl0 from any to any\n" @@ -88973,7 +90155,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61255 +#: book.translate.xml:61638 msgid "" "To display the state table in a format similar to " "top1IPF Logging" msgstr "IPF 日誌" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61267 +#: book.translate.xml:61650 msgid "ipmon" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61269 +#: book.translate.xml:61652 msgid "" "IPFILTER logging" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61275 +#: book.translate.xml:61658 msgid "" "IPF provides ipmon, which can " "be used to write the firewall's logging information in a human readable " @@ -89013,7 +90195,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61281 +#: book.translate.xml:61664 msgid "" "This command is typically run in daemon mode in order to provide a " "continuous system log file so that logging of past events may be reviewed. " @@ -89024,7 +90206,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61289 +#: book.translate.xml:61672 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ipmon_flags=\"-Ds\" # D = start as daemon\n" @@ -89034,7 +90216,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61294 +#: book.translate.xml:61677 msgid "" "Logging provides the ability to review, after the fact, information such as " "which packets were dropped, what addresses they came from, and where they " @@ -89042,7 +90224,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61299 +#: book.translate.xml:61682 msgid "" "Once the logging facility is enabled in rc.conf and " "started with service ipmon start, IPFipmon -Ds mode uses local0 " "as the logging facility. The following logging levels can be used to further " @@ -89063,7 +90245,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61315 +#: book.translate.xml:61698 #, no-wrap msgid "" "LOG_INFO - packets logged using the \"log\" keyword as the action rather than pass or block.\n" @@ -89073,33 +90255,33 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61320 +#: book.translate.xml:61703 msgid "" "In order to setup IPF to log all data to " "/var/log/ipfilter.log, first create the empty file:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61324 +#: book.translate.xml:61707 #, no-wrap msgid "# touch /var/log/ipfilter.log" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61326 +#: book.translate.xml:61709 msgid "" "Then, to write all logged messages to the specified file, add the following " "statement to /etc/syslog.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61330 +#: book.translate.xml:61713 #, no-wrap msgid "local0.* /var/log/ipfilter.log" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61332 +#: book.translate.xml:61715 msgid "" "To activate the changes and instruct syslogd8 to read the modified " @@ -89108,44 +90290,44 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61336 +#: book.translate.xml:61719 msgid "" "Do not forget to edit /etc/newsyslog.conf to rotate the " "new log file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61340 +#: book.translate.xml:61723 msgid "" "Messages generated by ipmon consist of data fields " "separated by white space. Fields common to all messages are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61346 +#: book.translate.xml:61729 msgid "The date of packet receipt." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61350 +#: book.translate.xml:61733 msgid "" "The time of packet receipt. This is in the form HH:MM:SS.F, for hours, " "minutes, seconds, and fractions of a second." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61356 +#: book.translate.xml:61739 msgid "The name of the interface that processed the packet." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61361 +#: book.translate.xml:61744 msgid "" "The group and rule number of the rule in the format @0:17." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61366 +#: book.translate.xml:61749 msgid "" "The action: p for passed, b for " "blocked, S for a short packet, n did " @@ -89153,7 +90335,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61373 +#: book.translate.xml:61756 msgid "" "The addresses written as three fields: the source address and port separated " "by a comma, the -> symbol, and the destination address and port. For " @@ -89161,21 +90343,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61381 +#: book.translate.xml:61764 msgid "" "PR followed by the protocol name or number: for example, " "PR tcp." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61386 +#: book.translate.xml:61769 msgid "" "len followed by the header length and total length of the " "packet: for example, len 20 40." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61392 +#: book.translate.xml:61775 msgid "" "If the packet is a TCP packet, there will be an " "additional field starting with a hyphen followed by letters corresponding to " @@ -89185,7 +90367,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61397 +#: book.translate.xml:61780 msgid "" "If the packet is an ICMP packet, there will be two fields " "at the end: the first always being icmp and the next being " @@ -89195,100 +90377,100 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: chapter/title -#: book.translate.xml:61415 +#: book.translate.xml:61798 msgid "Advanced Networking" msgstr "進階網路設定" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:61420 +#: book.translate.xml:61803 msgid "This chapter covers a number of advanced networking topics." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61427 +#: book.translate.xml:61810 msgid "The basics of gateways and routes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61431 +#: book.translate.xml:61814 msgid "How to set up USB tethering." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61435 +#: book.translate.xml:61818 msgid "" "How to set up IEEE 802.11 and " "Bluetooth devices." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61440 +#: book.translate.xml:61823 msgid "How to make FreeBSD act as a bridge." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61444 +#: book.translate.xml:61827 msgid "How to set up network PXE booting." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61449 +#: book.translate.xml:61832 msgid "How to set up IPv6 on a FreeBSD machine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61454 +#: book.translate.xml:61837 msgid "" "How to enable and utilize the features of the Common Address Redundancy " "Protocol (CARP) in FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61460 +#: book.translate.xml:61843 msgid "How to configure multiple VLANs on FreeBSD." msgstr "如何在 FreeBSD 上設定多個 VLAN。" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61469 +#: book.translate.xml:61852 msgid "Understand the basics of the /etc/rc scripts." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61478 +#: book.translate.xml:61861 msgid "" "Know how to configure and install a new FreeBSD kernel ()." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:61492 +#: book.translate.xml:61875 msgid "Gateways and Routes" msgstr "通訊閘與路由" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:61495 +#: book.translate.xml:61878 msgid "" " Coranth Gryphon Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61505 +#: book.translate.xml:61888 msgid "routing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61508 +#: book.translate.xml:61891 msgid "gateway" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61511 +#: book.translate.xml:61894 msgid "subnet" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:61515 +#: book.translate.xml:61898 msgid "" "Routing is the mechanism that allows a system to find " "the network path to another system. A route is a " @@ -89303,7 +90485,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:61529 +#: book.translate.xml:61912 msgid "" "This section provides an overview of routing basics. It then demonstrates " "how to configure a FreeBSD system as a router and offers some " @@ -89311,12 +90493,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:61534 +#: book.translate.xml:61917 msgid "Routing Basics" msgstr "路由基礎概念" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61536 +#: book.translate.xml:61919 msgid "" "To view the routing table of a FreeBSD system, use " "netstat1% netstat -r\n" @@ -89344,17 +90526,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61554 +#: book.translate.xml:61937 msgid "The entries in this example are as follows:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:61558 +#: book.translate.xml:61941 msgid "default" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61560 +#: book.translate.xml:61943 msgid "" "The first route in this table specifies the default " "route. When the local system needs to make a connection to a remote host, it " @@ -89364,7 +90546,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61568 +#: book.translate.xml:61951 msgid "" "If the destination does not match an entry, or if all known paths fail, the " "system uses the entry for the default route. For hosts on a local area " @@ -89375,7 +90557,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61577 +#: book.translate.xml:61960 msgid "" "The default route for a machine which itself is functioning as the gateway " "to the outside world will be the gateway machine at the Internet Service " @@ -89383,12 +90565,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:61585 +#: book.translate.xml:61968 msgid "localhost" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61587 +#: book.translate.xml:61970 msgid "" "The second route is the localhost route. The interface " "specified in the Netif column for localhost0:e0: are MAC addresses. FreeBSD will automatically " @@ -89418,12 +90600,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:61620 +#: book.translate.xml:62003 msgid "subnet" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61622 +#: book.translate.xml:62005 msgid "" "FreeBSD will automatically add subnet routes for the local subnet. In this " "example, 10.20.30.255 is the " @@ -89434,7 +90616,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61630 +#: book.translate.xml:62013 msgid "" "Local network hosts and local subnets have their routes automatically " "configured by a daemon called routedhost1 line refers to the host by its Ethernet " "address. Since it is the sending host, FreeBSD knows to use the loopback " @@ -89456,7 +90638,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:61647 +#: book.translate.xml:62030 msgid "" "The two host2 lines represent aliases which were created " "using ifconfig8224) deals with multicasting." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61667 +#: book.translate.xml:62050 msgid "" "Various attributes of each route can be seen in the Flags " "column. summarizes some of these flags and " @@ -89488,40 +90670,40 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:61672 +#: book.translate.xml:62055 msgid "Commonly Seen Routing Table Flags" msgstr "常見路由表標記" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:61684 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:62067 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "U" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61685 +#: book.translate.xml:62068 msgid "The route is active (up)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:61689 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:62072 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "H" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61690 +#: book.translate.xml:62073 msgid "The route destination is a single host." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:61694 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:62077 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "G" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61695 +#: book.translate.xml:62078 msgid "" "Send anything for this destination on to this gateway, which will figure out " "from there where to send it." @@ -89529,52 +90711,52 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:61701 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:62084 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "S" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61702 +#: book.translate.xml:62085 msgid "This route was statically configured." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:61706 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:62089 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "C" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61707 +#: book.translate.xml:62090 msgid "" "Clones a new route based upon this route for machines to connect to. This " "type of route is normally used for local networks." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61713 +#: book.translate.xml:62096 msgid "W" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61714 +#: book.translate.xml:62097 msgid "" "The route was auto-configured based upon a local area network (clone) route." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry #. (itstool) path: glossdiv/title -#: book.translate.xml:61719 book.translate.xml:65535 +#: book.translate.xml:62102 book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "L" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:61720 +#: book.translate.xml:62103 msgid "Route involves references to Ethernet (link) hardware." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61727 +#: book.translate.xml:62110 msgid "" "On a FreeBSD system, the default route can defined in /etc/rc." "conf by specifying the IP address of the " @@ -89582,25 +90764,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61731 +#: book.translate.xml:62114 #, no-wrap msgid "defaultrouter=\"10.20.30.1\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61733 +#: book.translate.xml:62116 msgid "" "It is also possible to manually add the route using route:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61736 +#: book.translate.xml:62119 #, no-wrap msgid "# route add default 10.20.30.1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61738 +#: book.translate.xml:62121 msgid "" "Note that manually added routes will not survive a reboot. For more " "information on manual manipulation of network routing tables, refer to " @@ -89609,24 +90791,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:61745 +#: book.translate.xml:62128 msgid "Configuring a Router with Static Routes" msgstr "設定路由器使用靜態路由" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:61748 +#: book.translate.xml:62131 msgid "" " Al Hoang Contributed by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61759 +#: book.translate.xml:62142 msgid "dual homed hosts" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61763 +#: book.translate.xml:62146 msgid "" "A FreeBSD system can be configured as the default gateway, or router, for a " "network if it is a dual-homed system. A dual-homed system is a host which " @@ -89637,7 +90819,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61775 +#: book.translate.xml:62158 msgid "" "In order for the system to forward packets between interfaces, FreeBSD must " "be configured as a router. Internet standards and good engineering practice " @@ -89647,13 +90829,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61782 +#: book.translate.xml:62165 #, no-wrap msgid "gateway_enable=\"YES\" # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61784 +#: book.translate.xml:62167 msgid "" "To enable routing now, set the sysctl8 variable net." @@ -89662,22 +90844,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61789 +#: book.translate.xml:62172 msgid "BGP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61792 +#: book.translate.xml:62175 msgid "RIP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61795 +#: book.translate.xml:62178 msgid "OSPF" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61799 +#: book.translate.xml:62182 msgid "" "The routing table of a router needs additional routes so it knows how to " "reach other networks. Routes can be either added manually using static " @@ -89687,7 +90869,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:61807 +#: book.translate.xml:62190 msgid "" "For large networks, static routes quickly become unscalable. FreeBSD comes " "with the standard BSD routing daemon " @@ -89699,7 +90881,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61817 +#: book.translate.xml:62200 msgid "Consider the following network:" msgstr "" @@ -89708,13 +90890,13 @@ #. the file changes, the md5 hash will change to let you know you need to #. update your localized copy. The msgstr is not used at all. Set it to #. whatever you like once you have updated your copy of the file. -#: book.translate.xml:61821 +#: book.translate.xml:62204 msgctxt "_" msgid "external ref='advanced-networking/static-routes' md5='__failed__'" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: textobject/literallayout -#: book.translate.xml:61825 +#: book.translate.xml:62208 #, no-wrap msgid "" "\n" @@ -89743,7 +90925,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61851 +#: book.translate.xml:62234 msgid "" "In this scenario, RouterA is a FreeBSD machine that " "is acting as a router to the rest of the Internet. It has a default route " @@ -89754,14 +90936,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61859 +#: book.translate.xml:62242 msgid "" "Before adding any static routes, the routing table on RouterA looks like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:61862 +#: book.translate.xml:62245 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% netstat -nr\n" @@ -89776,7 +90958,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61872 +#: book.translate.xml:62255 msgid "" "With the current routing table, RouterA does not " "have a route to the 192.168.2.0/24# route add -net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61882 +#: book.translate.xml:62265 msgid "" "Now, RouterA can reach any host on the 192.168.2.0/24 network. However, the " @@ -89802,7 +90984,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61888 +#: book.translate.xml:62271 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Add Internal Net 2 as a persistent static route\n" @@ -89811,7 +90993,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61892 +#: book.translate.xml:62275 msgid "" "The static_routes configuration variable is a list of " "strings separated by a space, where each string references a route name. The " @@ -89820,7 +91002,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61898 +#: book.translate.xml:62281 msgid "" "Using more than one string in static_routes creates " "multiple static routes. The following shows an example of adding static " @@ -89829,7 +91011,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61905 +#: book.translate.xml:62288 #, no-wrap msgid "" "static_routes=\"net1 net2\"\n" @@ -89838,7 +91020,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61913 +#: book.translate.xml:62296 msgid "" "When an address space is assigned to a network, the service provider " "configures their routing tables so that all traffic for the network will be " @@ -89847,7 +91029,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61919 +#: book.translate.xml:62302 msgid "" "There is a system that keeps track of all assigned address spaces and " "defines their point of connection to the Internet backbone, or the main " @@ -89859,7 +91041,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61928 +#: book.translate.xml:62311 msgid "" "It is the task of the service provider to advertise to the backbone sites " "that they are the point of connection, and thus the path inward, for a site. " @@ -89867,14 +91049,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61933 +#: book.translate.xml:62316 msgid "" "traceroute8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61937 +#: book.translate.xml:62320 msgid "" "Sometimes, there is a problem with route propagation and some sites are " "unable to connect. Perhaps the most useful command for trying to figure out " @@ -89883,7 +91065,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61943 +#: book.translate.xml:62326 msgid "" "When using traceroute, include the address of the remote " "host to connect to. The output will show the gateway hosts along the path of " @@ -89894,22 +91076,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:61952 +#: book.translate.xml:62335 msgid "Multicast Considerations" msgstr "群播 (Multicast) 注意事項" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61954 +#: book.translate.xml:62337 msgid "multicast routing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:61957 +#: book.translate.xml:62340 msgid "kernel options MROUTING" msgstr "核心選項 MROUTING" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61962 +#: book.translate.xml:62345 msgid "" "FreeBSD natively supports both multicast applications and multicast routing. " "Multicast applications do not require any special configuration in order to " @@ -89918,13 +91100,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:61968 +#: book.translate.xml:62351 #, no-wrap msgid "options MROUTING" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:61970 +#: book.translate.xml:62353 msgid "" "The multicast routing daemon, mrouted can be " "installed using the net/mrouted package or port. This " @@ -89938,7 +91120,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:61983 +#: book.translate.xml:62366 msgid "" "DVMRP has largely been replaced by the PIM protocol in many multicast installations. Refer to " @@ -89947,39 +91129,39 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:61993 +#: book.translate.xml:62376 msgid "Wireless Networking" msgstr "無線網路" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:61996 +#: book.translate.xml:62379 msgid " Loader " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:62001 +#: book.translate.xml:62384 msgid "" " Marc Fonvieille " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:62016 +#: book.translate.xml:62399 msgid "wireless networking" msgstr "無線網路" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:62019 +#: book.translate.xml:62402 msgid "802.11 wireless networking" msgstr "802.11 無線網路" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:62025 +#: book.translate.xml:62408 msgid "Wireless Networking Basics" msgstr "無線網路基礎" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62027 +#: book.translate.xml:62410 msgid "" "Most wireless networks are based on the IEEE 802.11 standards. A basic wireless network consists of " @@ -89989,7 +91171,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62034 +#: book.translate.xml:62417 msgid "" "802.11 networks are organized in two ways. In infrastructure mode, one station acts as a master with all the other stations " @@ -90004,7 +91186,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62049 +#: book.translate.xml:62432 msgid "" "802.11 networks were first deployed in the 2.4GHz band using protocols " "defined by the IEEE 802.11 and " @@ -90019,7 +91201,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62062 +#: book.translate.xml:62445 msgid "" "Separate from the underlying transmission techniques, 802.11 networks have a " "variety of security mechanisms. The original 802.11 specifications defined a " @@ -90046,7 +91228,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62092 +#: book.translate.xml:62475 msgid "" "The other standard to be aware of is 802.11e. It defines protocols for " "deploying multimedia applications, such as streaming video and voice over IP " @@ -90063,7 +91245,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62109 +#: book.translate.xml:62492 msgid "" "FreeBSD supports networks that operate using 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g. " "The WPA and 802.11i security protocols are likewise " @@ -90074,14 +91256,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62121 +#: book.translate.xml:62504 msgid "" "Connecting a computer to an existing wireless network is a very common " "situation. This procedure shows the steps required." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:62127 +#: book.translate.xml:62510 msgid "" "Obtain the SSID (Service Set Identifier) and " "PSK (Pre-Shared Key) for the wireless network from the " @@ -90089,7 +91271,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:62134 +#: book.translate.xml:62517 msgid "" "Identify the wireless adapter. The FreeBSD GENERIC " "kernel includes drivers for many common wireless adapters. If the wireless " @@ -90099,37 +91281,37 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62140 +#: book.translate.xml:62523 #, no-wrap msgid "% ifconfig | grep -B3 -i wireless" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:62142 +#: book.translate.xml:62525 msgid "On FreeBSD 11 or higher, use this command instead:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62145 +#: book.translate.xml:62528 #, no-wrap msgid "% sysctl net.wlan.devices" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:62147 +#: book.translate.xml:62530 msgid "" "If a wireless adapter is not listed, an additional kernel module might be " "required, or it might be a model not supported by FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:62153 +#: book.translate.xml:62536 msgid "" "This example shows the Atheros ath0 wireless adapter." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:62158 +#: book.translate.xml:62541 msgid "" "Add an entry for this network to /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf. If the file does not exist, create it. Replace " @@ -90139,7 +91321,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62166 +#: book.translate.xml:62549 #, no-wrap msgid "" "network={\n" @@ -90149,14 +91331,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:62173 +#: book.translate.xml:62556 msgid "" "Add entries to /etc/rc.conf to configure the network on " "startup:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62176 +#: book.translate.xml:62559 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -90164,19 +91346,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:62181 +#: book.translate.xml:62564 msgid "" "Restart the computer, or restart the network service to connect to the " "network:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:62190 +#: book.translate.xml:62573 msgid "Basic Setup" msgstr "基礎設定" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62195 +#: book.translate.xml:62578 msgid "" "To use wireless networking, a wireless networking card is needed and the " "kernel needs to be configured with the appropriate wireless networking " @@ -90185,7 +91367,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62201 +#: book.translate.xml:62584 msgid "" "The most commonly used wireless devices are those that use parts made by " "Atheros. These devices are supported by athath4ath4 device and the device " "name in the examples must be changed according to the configuration. A list " "of available wireless drivers and supported adapters can be found in the " -"FreeBSD Hardware Notes, available on the Release Information page of the " "FreeBSD website. If a native FreeBSD driver for the wireless device does not " "exist, it may be possible to use the /boot/loader.conf, reboot the FreeBSD box. Alternately, load the modules by hand " @@ -90277,7 +91459,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:62259 +#: book.translate.xml:62642 msgid "" "For users who do not want to use modules, it is possible to compile these " "drivers into the kernel by adding the following lines to a custom kernel " @@ -90285,7 +91467,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62264 +#: book.translate.xml:62647 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device wlan # 802.11 support\n" @@ -90300,21 +91482,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:62274 +#: book.translate.xml:62657 msgid "" "With this information in the kernel configuration file, recompile the kernel " "and reboot the FreeBSD machine." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:62279 +#: book.translate.xml:62662 msgid "" "Information about the wireless device should appear in the boot messages, " "like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62282 +#: book.translate.xml:62665 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ath0: <Atheros 5212> mem 0x88000000-0x8800ffff irq 11 at device 0.0 on cardbus1\n" @@ -90323,12 +91505,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:62289 +#: book.translate.xml:62672 msgid "Infrastructure Mode" msgstr "主從式 (Infrastructure)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:62291 +#: book.translate.xml:62674 msgid "" "Infrastructure (BSS) mode is the mode that is typically " "used. In this mode, a number of wireless access points are connected to a " @@ -90338,17 +91520,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:62299 +#: book.translate.xml:62682 msgid "FreeBSD Clients" msgstr "FreeBSD 客戶端" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:62302 +#: book.translate.xml:62685 msgid "How to Find Access Points" msgstr "如何尋找存取點" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62304 +#: book.translate.xml:62687 msgid "" "To scan for available networks, use ifconfig8. This request may take " @@ -90358,7 +91540,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62310 +#: book.translate.xml:62693 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n" @@ -90369,14 +91551,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:62317 +#: book.translate.xml:62700 msgid "" "The interface must be before it can scan. Subsequent " "scan requests do not require the interface to be marked as up again." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62322 +#: book.translate.xml:62705 msgid "" "The output of a scan request lists each BSS/" "IBSS network found. Besides listing the name of the " @@ -90387,22 +91569,22 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: table/title -#: book.translate.xml:62333 +#: book.translate.xml:62716 msgid "Station Capability Codes" msgstr "站台功能代號" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62338 +#: book.translate.xml:62721 msgid "Capability Code" msgstr "功能代號" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62345 +#: book.translate.xml:62728 msgid "E" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62346 +#: book.translate.xml:62729 msgid "" "Extended Service Set (ESS). Indicates that the station is " "part of an infrastructure network rather than an IBSS/ad-" @@ -90410,24 +91592,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62354 +#: book.translate.xml:62737 msgid "I" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62355 +#: book.translate.xml:62738 msgid "" "IBSS/ad-hoc network. Indicates that the station is part " "of an ad-hoc network rather than an ESS network." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62362 +#: book.translate.xml:62745 msgid "P" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62363 +#: book.translate.xml:62746 msgid "" "Privacy. Encryption is required for all data frames exchanged within the " "BSS using cryptographic means such as WEPS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62373 +#: book.translate.xml:62756 msgid "" "Short Preamble. Indicates that the network is using short preambles, defined " "in 802.11b High Rate/DSSS PHY, and utilizes a 56 bit sync field rather than " @@ -90449,30 +91631,30 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62381 +#: book.translate.xml:62764 msgid "s" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:62382 +#: book.translate.xml:62765 msgid "" "Short slot time. Indicates that the 802.11g network is using a short slot " "time because there are no legacy (802.11b) stations present." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62390 +#: book.translate.xml:62773 msgid "One can also display the current list of known networks with:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62393 +#: book.translate.xml:62776 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig wlan0 list scan" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62395 +#: book.translate.xml:62778 msgid "" "This information may be updated automatically by the adapter or manually " "with a request. Old data is automatically removed from " @@ -90481,12 +91663,12 @@ #. (itstool) path: sect4/title #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:62403 book.translate.xml:63231 +#: book.translate.xml:62786 book.translate.xml:63614 msgid "Basic Settings" msgstr "基礎設定" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62405 +#: book.translate.xml:62788 msgid "" "This section provides a simple example of how to make the wireless network " "adapter work in FreeBSD without encryption. Once familiar with these " @@ -90495,7 +91677,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62411 +#: book.translate.xml:62794 msgid "" "There are three basic steps to configure a wireless network: select an " "access point, authenticate the station, and configure an IPSSID:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62432 +#: book.translate.xml:62815 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -90539,7 +91721,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62435 +#: book.translate.xml:62818 msgid "" "In an environment where there are multiple access points with the same " "SSID, which is often done to simplify roaming, it may be " @@ -90549,7 +91731,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62443 +#: book.translate.xml:62826 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -90557,7 +91739,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62446 +#: book.translate.xml:62829 msgid "" "There are other ways to constrain the choice of an access point, such as " "limiting the set of frequencies the system will scan on. This may be useful " @@ -90567,7 +91749,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62454 +#: book.translate.xml:62837 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -90575,7 +91757,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62457 +#: book.translate.xml:62840 msgid "" "This example will force the card to operate in 802.11g, which is defined " "only for 2.4GHz frequencies so any 5GHz channels will not be considered. " @@ -90588,7 +91770,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62471 +#: book.translate.xml:62854 msgid "" "Once an access point is selected, the station needs to authenticate before " "it can pass data. Authentication can happen in several ways. The most common " @@ -90604,7 +91786,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:62488 +#: book.translate.xml:62871 msgid "" "If using an Apple AirPort Extreme base station for an access " @@ -90617,7 +91799,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62496 +#: book.translate.xml:62879 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -90625,7 +91807,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:62499 +#: book.translate.xml:62882 msgid "" "In general, shared key authentication should be avoided because it uses the " "WEP key material in a highly-constrained manner, making " @@ -90637,12 +91819,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/title -#: book.translate.xml:62512 +#: book.translate.xml:62895 msgid "Getting an IP Address with DHCP" msgstr "使用 DHCP 取得 IP 位址" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62515 +#: book.translate.xml:62898 msgid "" "Once an access point is selected and the authentication parameters are set, " "an IP address must be obtained in order to communicate. " @@ -90653,18 +91835,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62528 +#: book.translate.xml:62911 msgid "The wireless interface is now ready to bring up:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62531 +#: book.translate.xml:62914 #, no-wrap msgid "# service netif start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62533 +#: book.translate.xml:62916 msgid "" "Once the interface is running, use ifconfig8 to see the status of " @@ -90672,7 +91854,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62537 +#: book.translate.xml:62920 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0\n" @@ -90688,7 +91870,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62548 +#: book.translate.xml:62931 msgid "" "The status: associated line means that it is connected to " "the wireless network. The bssid 00:13:46:49:41:76 is the " @@ -90697,12 +91879,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/title -#: book.translate.xml:62557 +#: book.translate.xml:62940 msgid "Static IP Address" msgstr "靜態 IP 位址" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62559 +#: book.translate.xml:62942 msgid "" "If an IP address cannot be obtained from a DHCP server, set a fixed IP address. Replace the " @@ -90711,7 +91893,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62566 +#: book.translate.xml:62949 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -90719,12 +91901,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:62572 +#: book.translate.xml:62955 msgid "WPA" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62574 +#: book.translate.xml:62957 msgid "" "Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a security protocol used " "together with 802.11 networks to address the lack of proper authentication " @@ -90745,7 +91927,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62597 +#: book.translate.xml:62980 msgid "" "WPA defines authentication and encryption protocols. " "Authentication is most commonly done using one of two techniques: by 802.1X " @@ -90759,7 +91941,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:62611 +#: book.translate.xml:62994 msgid "" "The control of the wireless connection and the key negotiation or " "authentication with a server is done using " @@ -90772,12 +91954,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/title -#: book.translate.xml:62620 +#: book.translate.xml:63003 msgid "WPA-PSK" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62622 +#: book.translate.xml:63005 msgid "" "WPA-PSK, also known as WPA Personal, " "is based on a pre-shared key (PSK) which is generated " @@ -90788,14 +91970,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:62633 +#: book.translate.xml:63016 msgid "" "Always use strong passwords that are sufficiently long and made from a rich " "alphabet so that they will not be easily guessed or attacked." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62638 +#: book.translate.xml:63021 msgid "" "The first step is the configuration of /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf with the SSID and the pre-shared key of the " @@ -90803,7 +91985,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62643 +#: book.translate.xml:63026 #, no-wrap msgid "" "network={\n" @@ -90813,7 +91995,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62648 +#: book.translate.xml:63031 msgid "" "Then, in /etc/rc.conf, indicate that the wireless " "device configuration will be done with WPA and the " @@ -90821,8 +92003,8 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62654 book.translate.xml:62854 book.translate.xml:62948 -#: book.translate.xml:63072 +#: book.translate.xml:63037 book.translate.xml:63237 book.translate.xml:63331 +#: book.translate.xml:63455 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -90830,12 +92012,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62657 book.translate.xml:63075 +#: book.translate.xml:63040 book.translate.xml:63458 msgid "Then, bring up the interface:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62659 +#: book.translate.xml:63042 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service netif start\n" @@ -90859,14 +92041,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62678 +#: book.translate.xml:63061 msgid "" "Or, try to configure the interface manually using the information in " "/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62682 +#: book.translate.xml:63065 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf\n" @@ -90877,7 +92059,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62688 +#: book.translate.xml:63071 msgid "" "The next operation is to launch dhclient8 to get the " @@ -90885,7 +92067,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62692 +#: book.translate.xml:63075 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# dhclient wlan0\n" @@ -90906,7 +92088,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:62709 +#: book.translate.xml:63092 msgid "" "If /etc/rc.conf has an ifconfig_wlan0=\"DHCP" "\" entry, dhclientDHCP is not possible or desired, set a static " "IP address after " @@ -90926,7 +92108,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62721 +#: book.translate.xml:63104 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0\n" @@ -90944,14 +92126,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62734 +#: book.translate.xml:63117 msgid "" "When DHCP is not used, the default gateway and the " "nameserver also have to be manually set:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62738 +#: book.translate.xml:63121 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# route add default your_default_router\n" @@ -90959,12 +92141,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/title -#: book.translate.xml:62743 +#: book.translate.xml:63126 msgid "WPA with EAP-TLS" msgstr "WPA 加上 EAP-TLS" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62746 +#: book.translate.xml:63129 msgid "" "The second way to use WPA is with an 802.1X backend " "authentication server. In this case, WPA is called " @@ -90975,7 +92157,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62755 +#: book.translate.xml:63138 msgid "" "EAP does not come with an encryption method. Instead, " "EAP is embedded inside an encrypted tunnel. There are " @@ -90985,7 +92167,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62763 +#: book.translate.xml:63146 msgid "" "EAP with Transport Layer Security (EAP-TLS) is a well-" "supported wireless authentication protocol since it was the first " @@ -91001,14 +92183,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62780 +#: book.translate.xml:63163 msgid "" "As previously, the configuration is done via /etc/wpa_supplicant." "conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62783 +#: book.translate.xml:63166 #, no-wrap msgid "" "network={\n" @@ -91025,19 +92207,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62797 +#: book.translate.xml:63180 msgid "This field indicates the network name (SSID)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62802 +#: book.translate.xml:63185 msgid "" "This example uses the RSN IEEE 802.11i protocol, also known as WPA2." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62808 +#: book.translate.xml:63191 msgid "" "The key_mgmt line refers to the key management protocol " "to use. In this example, it is WPA using EAPEAP method for the connection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62820 +#: book.translate.xml:63203 msgid "" "The identity field contains the identity string for " "EAP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62826 book.translate.xml:62929 book.translate.xml:63042 +#: book.translate.xml:63209 book.translate.xml:63312 book.translate.xml:63425 msgid "" "The ca_cert field indicates the pathname of the " "CA certificate file. This file is needed to verify the " @@ -91066,7 +92248,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62833 +#: book.translate.xml:63216 msgid "" "The client_cert line gives the pathname to the client " "certificate file. This certificate is unique to each wireless client of the " @@ -91074,31 +92256,31 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62840 +#: book.translate.xml:63223 msgid "" "The private_key field is the pathname to the client " "certificate private key file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62846 +#: book.translate.xml:63229 msgid "" "The private_key_passwd field contains the passphrase for " "the private key." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62851 +#: book.translate.xml:63234 msgid "Then, add the following lines to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62857 book.translate.xml:62951 +#: book.translate.xml:63240 book.translate.xml:63334 msgid "The next step is to bring up the interface:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62859 +#: book.translate.xml:63242 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service netif start\n" @@ -91120,7 +92302,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62876 +#: book.translate.xml:63259 msgid "" "It is also possible to bring up the interface manually using " "wpa_supplicant8WPA with EAP-TTLS" msgstr "WPA 加上 EAP-TTLS" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62885 +#: book.translate.xml:63268 msgid "" "With EAP-TLS, both the authentication server and the " "client need a certificate. With EAP-TTLS, a client " @@ -91145,14 +92327,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62895 +#: book.translate.xml:63278 msgid "" "The required configuration can be added to /etc/wpa_supplicant." "conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:62898 +#: book.translate.xml:63281 #, no-wrap msgid "" "network={\n" @@ -91168,13 +92350,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62911 book.translate.xml:63024 +#: book.translate.xml:63294 book.translate.xml:63407 msgid "" "This field specifies the EAP method for the connection." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62916 book.translate.xml:63029 +#: book.translate.xml:63299 book.translate.xml:63412 msgid "" "The identity field contains the identity string for " "EAP authentication inside the encrypted TLSpassword field contains the passphrase for the " "EAP authentication." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:62936 +#: book.translate.xml:63319 msgid "" "This field specifies the authentication method used in the encrypted " "TLS tunnel. In this example, EAP with " @@ -91198,12 +92380,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62945 +#: book.translate.xml:63328 msgid "Next, add the following lines to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/screen -#: book.translate.xml:62953 book.translate.xml:63077 +#: book.translate.xml:63336 book.translate.xml:63460 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service netif start\n" @@ -91226,12 +92408,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/title -#: book.translate.xml:62973 +#: book.translate.xml:63356 msgid "WPA with EAP-PEAP" msgstr "WPA 加上 EAP-PEAP" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:62977 +#: book.translate.xml:63360 msgid "" "PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2 is the most common PEAP method. In this chapter, the term PEAP is used " @@ -91239,7 +92421,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62983 +#: book.translate.xml:63366 msgid "" "Protected EAP (PEAP) is designed as an alternative to " "EAP-TTLS and is the most used EAP " @@ -91249,7 +92431,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:62991 +#: book.translate.xml:63374 msgid "" "PEAP is similar to EAP-TTLS as it uses " "a server-side certificate to authenticate clients by creating an encrypted " @@ -91263,14 +92445,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/para -#: book.translate.xml:63005 +#: book.translate.xml:63388 msgid "" "Add the following lines to /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf to " "configure the EAP-PEAP related settings:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect5/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63010 +#: book.translate.xml:63393 #, no-wrap msgid "" "network={\n" @@ -91287,7 +92469,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63049 +#: book.translate.xml:63432 msgid "" "This field contains the parameters for the first phase of authentication, " "the TLS tunnel. According to the authentication server " @@ -91299,7 +92481,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63061 +#: book.translate.xml:63444 msgid "" "This field specifies the authentication protocol used in the encrypted " "TLS tunnel. In the case of PEAP, it is " @@ -91307,12 +92489,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:63098 +#: book.translate.xml:63481 msgid "WEP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:63100 +#: book.translate.xml:63483 msgid "" "Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is part of the original " "802.11 standard. There is no authentication mechanism, only a weak form of " @@ -91320,7 +92502,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:63105 +#: book.translate.xml:63488 msgid "" "WEP can be set up using " "ifconfig8# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n" @@ -91337,7 +92519,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63115 +#: book.translate.xml:63498 msgid "" "The weptxkey specifies which WEP key " "will be used in the transmission. This example uses the third key. This must " @@ -91346,7 +92528,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63125 +#: book.translate.xml:63508 msgid "" "The wepkey selects one of the WEP " "keys. It should be in the format index:key. Key " @@ -91355,21 +92537,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:63133 +#: book.translate.xml:63516 msgid "" "Replace the 0x3456789012 with the key configured for use " "on the access point." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:63140 +#: book.translate.xml:63523 msgid "" "Refer to ifconfig8 for further information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:63143 +#: book.translate.xml:63526 msgid "" "The wpa_supplicant8 facility can be used to configure a wireless " @@ -91378,7 +92560,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63149 +#: book.translate.xml:63532 #, no-wrap msgid "" "network={\n" @@ -91390,12 +92572,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:63156 +#: book.translate.xml:63539 msgid "Then:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63158 +#: book.translate.xml:63541 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf\n" @@ -91404,12 +92586,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:63166 +#: book.translate.xml:63549 msgid "Ad-hoc Mode" msgstr "對等式 (Ad-hoc)" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63168 +#: book.translate.xml:63551 msgid "" "IBSS mode, also called ad-hoc mode, is designed for point " "to point connections. For example, to establish an ad-hoc network between " @@ -91418,12 +92600,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63175 +#: book.translate.xml:63558 msgid "On A:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63177 +#: book.translate.xml:63560 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode adhoc\n" @@ -91440,21 +92622,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63189 +#: book.translate.xml:63572 msgid "" "The adhoc parameter indicates that the interface is " "running in IBSS mode." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63192 +#: book.translate.xml:63575 msgid "" "B should now be able to detect A:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63195 +#: book.translate.xml:63578 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode adhoc\n" @@ -91464,7 +92646,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63200 +#: book.translate.xml:63583 msgid "" "The I in the output confirms that A is in ad-hoc mode. Now, configure B " @@ -91472,7 +92654,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63205 +#: book.translate.xml:63588 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap\n" @@ -91488,19 +92670,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63216 +#: book.translate.xml:63599 msgid "" "Both A and B are now ready " "to exchange information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:63222 +#: book.translate.xml:63605 msgid "FreeBSD Host Access Points" msgstr "FreeBSD 主機存取點" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63224 +#: book.translate.xml:63607 msgid "" "FreeBSD can act as an Access Point (AP) which eliminates " "the need to buy a hardware AP or run an ad-hoc network. " @@ -91509,7 +92691,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63233 +#: book.translate.xml:63616 msgid "" "Before configuring a FreeBSD machine as an AP, the kernel " "must be configured with the appropriate networking support for the wireless " @@ -91518,7 +92700,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:63240 +#: book.translate.xml:63623 msgid "" "The NDIS driver wrapper for Windows drivers does not currently support AP# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n" @@ -91544,7 +92726,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63256 +#: book.translate.xml:63639 msgid "" "This output displays the card's capabilities. The HOSTAP " "word confirms that this wireless card can act as an AP. " @@ -91554,7 +92736,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63264 +#: book.translate.xml:63647 msgid "" "The wireless device can only be put into hostap mode during the creation of " "the network pseudo-device, so a previously created device must be destroyed " @@ -91562,19 +92744,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63268 +#: book.translate.xml:63651 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig wlan0 destroy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63270 +#: book.translate.xml:63653 msgid "" "then regenerated with the correct option before setting the other parameters:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63273 +#: book.translate.xml:63656 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap\n" @@ -91582,7 +92764,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63276 +#: book.translate.xml:63659 msgid "" "Use ifconfig8 again to see the status of the wlan0# ifconfig wlan0\n" @@ -91605,21 +92787,21 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63289 +#: book.translate.xml:63672 msgid "" "The hostap parameter indicates the interface is running " "in the host-based access point mode." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63293 +#: book.translate.xml:63676 msgid "" "The interface configuration can be done automatically at boot time by adding " "the following lines to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63297 +#: book.translate.xml:63680 #, no-wrap msgid "" "wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n" @@ -91628,12 +92810,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:63303 +#: book.translate.xml:63686 msgid "Host-based Access Point Without Authentication or Encryption" msgstr "無認證或加密的 Host-based 存取點" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63306 +#: book.translate.xml:63689 msgid "" "Although it is not recommended to run an AP without any " "authentication or encryption, this is a simple way to check if the " @@ -91642,14 +92824,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63312 +#: book.translate.xml:63695 msgid "" "Once the AP is configured, initiate a scan from another " "wireless machine to find the AP:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63316 +#: book.translate.xml:63699 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n" @@ -91659,14 +92841,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63321 +#: book.translate.xml:63704 msgid "" "The client machine found the AP and can be associated " "with it:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63324 +#: book.translate.xml:63707 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap\n" @@ -91683,12 +92865,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:63338 +#: book.translate.xml:63721 msgid "WPA2 Host-based Access Point" msgstr "WPA2 Host-based 存取點" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63340 +#: book.translate.xml:63723 msgid "" "This section focuses on setting up a FreeBSD access point using the " "WPA2 security protocol. More details regarding " @@ -91697,7 +92879,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63347 +#: book.translate.xml:63730 msgid "" "The hostapd8 daemon is used to deal with client authentication " @@ -91706,7 +92888,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63352 +#: book.translate.xml:63735 msgid "" "The following configuration operations are performed on the FreeBSD machine " "acting as the AP. Once the AP is " @@ -91716,13 +92898,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63359 +#: book.translate.xml:63742 #, no-wrap msgid "hostapd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63361 +#: book.translate.xml:63744 msgid "" "Before trying to configure hostapd8, first configure the " @@ -91730,24 +92912,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/title -#: book.translate.xml:63365 +#: book.translate.xml:63748 msgid "WPA2-PSK" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:63367 +#: book.translate.xml:63750 msgid "" "WPA2-PSK is intended for small networks where the use of " "a backend authentication server is not possible or desired." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:63371 +#: book.translate.xml:63754 msgid "The configuration is done in /etc/hostapd.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63374 +#: book.translate.xml:63757 #, no-wrap msgid "" "interface=wlan0 \n" @@ -91762,12 +92944,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63386 +#: book.translate.xml:63769 msgid "Wireless interface used for the access point." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63391 +#: book.translate.xml:63774 msgid "" "Level of verbosity used during the execution of " "hostapd8hostapd8 to store domain socket " @@ -91786,19 +92968,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63405 +#: book.translate.xml:63788 msgid "The group allowed to access the control interface files." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63410 +#: book.translate.xml:63793 msgid "" "The wireless network name, or SSID, that will appear in " "wireless scans." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63416 +#: book.translate.xml:63799 msgid "" "Enable WPA and specify which WPA " "authentication protocol will be required. A value of 2 " @@ -91808,26 +92990,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63427 +#: book.translate.xml:63810 msgid "ASCII passphrase for WPA authentication." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: warning/para -#: book.translate.xml:63431 +#: book.translate.xml:63814 msgid "" "Always use strong passwords that are at least 8 characters long and made " "from a rich alphabet so that they will not be easily guessed or attacked." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63439 +#: book.translate.xml:63822 msgid "" "The key management protocol to use. This example sets WPA-PSK." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: callout/para -#: book.translate.xml:63445 +#: book.translate.xml:63828 msgid "" "Encryption algorithms accepted by the access point. In this example, only " "the CCMP (AES) cipher is accepted. " @@ -91837,20 +93019,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:63458 +#: book.translate.xml:63841 msgid "" "The next step is to start hostapd8:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63460 +#: book.translate.xml:63843 #, no-wrap msgid "# service hostapd forcestart" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63462 +#: book.translate.xml:63845 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0\n" @@ -91869,7 +93051,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect4/para -#: book.translate.xml:63476 +#: book.translate.xml:63859 msgid "" "Once the AP is running, the clients can associate with " "it. See for more details. It is " @@ -91878,12 +93060,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:63486 +#: book.translate.xml:63869 msgid "WEP Host-based Access Point" msgstr "WEP Host-based 存取點" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63488 +#: book.translate.xml:63871 msgid "" "It is not recommended to use WEP for setting up an " "AP since there is no authentication mechanism and the " @@ -91893,14 +93075,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63496 +#: book.translate.xml:63879 msgid "" "The wireless device can now be put into hostap mode and configured with the " "correct SSID and IP address:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63500 +#: book.translate.xml:63883 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap\n" @@ -91909,7 +93091,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63506 +#: book.translate.xml:63889 msgid "" "The weptxkey indicates which WEP key " "will be used in the transmission. This example uses the third key as key " @@ -91918,7 +93100,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63515 +#: book.translate.xml:63898 msgid "" "The wepkey sets the selected WEP key. " "It should be in the format index:key. If the " @@ -91927,7 +93109,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63524 +#: book.translate.xml:63907 msgid "" "Use ifconfig8 to see the status of the wlan0# ifconfig wlan0\n" @@ -91950,14 +93132,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63537 +#: book.translate.xml:63920 msgid "" "From another wireless machine, it is now possible to initiate a scan to find " "the AP:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63540 +#: book.translate.xml:63923 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n" @@ -91967,7 +93149,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63545 +#: book.translate.xml:63928 msgid "" "In this example, the client machine found the AP and can " "associate with it using the correct parameters. See failover fashion. This type of configuration " @@ -91998,7 +93180,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63566 +#: book.translate.xml:63949 msgid "" "Link aggregation and failover is covered in and an example for using both wired and wireless connections " @@ -92006,14 +93188,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63573 +#: book.translate.xml:63956 msgid "" "This section describes a number of steps to help troubleshoot common " "wireless networking problems." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63579 +#: book.translate.xml:63962 msgid "" "If the access point is not listed when scanning, check that the " "configuration has not limited the wireless device to a limited set of " @@ -92021,7 +93203,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63585 +#: book.translate.xml:63968 msgid "" "If the device cannot associate with an access point, verify that the " "configuration matches the settings on the access point. This includes the " @@ -92032,7 +93214,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63594 +#: book.translate.xml:63977 msgid "" "Debugging support is provided by " "wpa_supplicant8ping# wlandebug -i wlan0 +scan+auth+debug+assoc\n" @@ -92068,7 +93250,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:63617 +#: book.translate.xml:64000 msgid "" "Many useful statistics are maintained by the 802.11 layer and " "wlanstats, found in /usr/src/tools/tools/" @@ -92080,24 +93262,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63628 +#: book.translate.xml:64011 msgid "" "If the above information does not help to clarify the problem, submit a " "problem report and include output from the above tools." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:63636 +#: book.translate.xml:64019 msgid "USB Tethering" msgstr "USB 網路共享" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:63639 +#: book.translate.xml:64022 msgid "tether" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:63643 +#: book.translate.xml:64026 msgid "" "Many cellphones provide the option to share their data connection over USB " "(often called \"tethering\"). This feature uses either the RNDISAndroid devices generally use the " "urndis4Apple devices use the " "ipheth4cdce4 driver." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:63665 +#: book.translate.xml:64048 msgid "Before attaching a device, load the appropriate driver into the kernel:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63668 +#: book.translate.xml:64051 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# kldload if_urndis\n" @@ -92144,7 +93326,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:63672 +#: book.translate.xml:64055 msgid "" "Once the device is attached ue0 will be available for use like a normal network device. Be sure " @@ -92152,24 +93334,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:63681 +#: book.translate.xml:64064 msgid "Bluetooth" msgstr "藍牙" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:63684 +#: book.translate.xml:64067 msgid "" " Pav Lucistnik Written by pav@FreeBSD.org" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:63695 +#: book.translate.xml:64078 msgid "Bluetooth" msgstr "藍牙" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:63699 +#: book.translate.xml:64082 msgid "" "Bluetooth is a wireless technology for creating personal networks operating " "in the 2.4 GHz unlicensed band, with a range of 10 meters. Networks are " @@ -92180,7 +93362,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:63708 +#: book.translate.xml:64091 msgid "" "This section describes the use of a USB Bluetooth dongle " "on a FreeBSD system. It then describes the various Bluetooth protocols and " @@ -92188,12 +93370,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:63713 +#: book.translate.xml:64096 msgid "Loading Bluetooth Support" msgstr "載入藍牙支援" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63715 +#: book.translate.xml:64098 msgid "" "The Bluetooth stack in FreeBSD is implemented using the " "netgraph4# kldload ng_ubt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63731 +#: book.translate.xml:64114 msgid "" "If the Bluetooth device will be attached to the system during system " "startup, the system can be configured to load the module at boot time by " @@ -92238,13 +93420,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63736 +#: book.translate.xml:64119 #, no-wrap msgid "ng_ubt_load=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63738 +#: book.translate.xml:64121 msgid "" "Once the driver is loaded, plug in the USB dongle. If the " "driver load was successful, output similar to the following should appear on " @@ -92252,7 +93434,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63744 +#: book.translate.xml:64127 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ubt0: vendor 0x0a12 product 0x0001, rev 1.10/5.25, addr 2\n" @@ -92262,7 +93444,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63749 +#: book.translate.xml:64132 msgid "" "To start and stop the Bluetooth stack, use its startup script. It is a good " "idea to stop the stack before unplugging the device. When starting the " @@ -92270,7 +93452,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63754 +#: book.translate.xml:64137 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service bluetooth start ubt0\n" @@ -92288,17 +93470,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:63769 +#: book.translate.xml:64152 msgid "Finding Other Bluetooth Devices" msgstr "尋找其他藍牙裝置" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:63771 +#: book.translate.xml:64154 msgid "HCI" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63775 +#: book.translate.xml:64158 msgid "" "The Host Controller Interface (HCI) provides a uniform " "method for accessing Bluetooth baseband capabilities. In FreeBSD, a netgraph " @@ -92308,7 +93490,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63781 +#: book.translate.xml:64164 msgid "" "One of the most common tasks is discovery of Bluetooth devices within " "RF proximity. This operation is called inquiry% hccontrol -n ubt0hci inquiry\n" @@ -92338,7 +93520,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63802 +#: book.translate.xml:64185 msgid "" "The BD_ADDR is the unique address of a Bluetooth device, " "similar to the MAC address of a network card. This " @@ -92350,7 +93532,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63812 +#: book.translate.xml:64195 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% hccontrol -n ubt0hci remote_name_request 00:80:37:29:19:a4\n" @@ -92359,7 +93541,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63816 +#: book.translate.xml:64199 msgid "" "If an inquiry is performed on a remote Bluetooth device, it will find the " "computer as your.host.name (ubt0). The name assigned to the " @@ -92367,7 +93549,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63821 +#: book.translate.xml:64204 msgid "" "The Bluetooth system provides a point-to-point connection between two " "Bluetooth units, or a point-to-multipoint connection which is shared among " @@ -92376,7 +93558,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63827 +#: book.translate.xml:64210 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% hccontrol -n ubt0hci read_connection_list\n" @@ -92385,7 +93567,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63831 +#: book.translate.xml:64214 msgid "" "A connection handle is useful when termination of the " "baseband connection is required, though it is normally not required to do " @@ -92394,7 +93576,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63837 +#: book.translate.xml:64220 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# hccontrol -n ubt0hci disconnect 41\n" @@ -92403,7 +93585,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63841 +#: book.translate.xml:64224 msgid "" "Type hccontrol help for a complete listing of available " "HCI commands. Most of the HCI commands " @@ -92411,12 +93593,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:63848 +#: book.translate.xml:64231 msgid "Device Pairing" msgstr "裝置配對" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63850 +#: book.translate.xml:64233 msgid "" "By default, Bluetooth communication is not authenticated, and any device can " "talk to any other device. A Bluetooth device, such as a cellular phone, may " @@ -92433,7 +93615,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63867 +#: book.translate.xml:64250 msgid "" "The hcsecd8 daemon is responsible for handling Bluetooth " @@ -92444,7 +93626,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63874 +#: book.translate.xml:64257 #, no-wrap msgid "" "device {\n" @@ -92456,7 +93638,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63881 +#: book.translate.xml:64264 msgid "" "The only limitation on PIN codes is length. Some devices, " "such as Bluetooth headsets, may have a fixed PIN code " @@ -92472,7 +93654,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63895 +#: book.translate.xml:64278 msgid "" "The following line can be added to /etc/rc.conf to " "configure hcsecd8hcsecd8 daemon output:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:63904 +#: book.translate.xml:64287 #, no-wrap msgid "" "hcsecd[16484]: Got Link_Key_Request event from 'ubt0hci', remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4\n" @@ -92505,12 +93687,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:63913 +#: book.translate.xml:64296 msgid "Network Access with PPP Profiles" msgstr "使用 PPP Profile 存取網路 " #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63916 +#: book.translate.xml:64299 msgid "" "A Dial-Up Networking (DUN) profile can be used to " "configure a cellular phone as a wireless modem for connecting to a dial-up " @@ -92519,7 +93701,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63922 +#: book.translate.xml:64305 msgid "" "Network access with a PPP profile can be used to provide " "LAN access for a single Bluetooth device or multiple " @@ -92529,7 +93711,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63929 +#: book.translate.xml:64312 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, these profiles are implemented with " "ppp8rfcomm_pppd8 is used to open a " @@ -92553,13 +93735,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:63944 +#: book.translate.xml:64327 #, no-wrap msgid "# rfcomm_pppd -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4 -c -C dun -l rfcomm-dialup" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63946 +#: book.translate.xml:64329 msgid "" "The actual channel number will be obtained from the remote device using the " "SDP protocol. It is possible to specify the " @@ -92572,7 +93754,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63954 +#: book.translate.xml:64337 msgid "" "In order to provide network access with the PPP " "LAN service, sdpd# rfcomm_pppd -s -C 7 -l rfcomm-server" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:63972 +#: book.translate.xml:64355 msgid "Bluetooth Protocols" msgstr "藍牙通訊協定" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:63974 +#: book.translate.xml:64357 msgid "" "This section provides an overview of the various Bluetooth protocols, their " "function, and associated utilities." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:63978 +#: book.translate.xml:64361 msgid "Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:63981 +#: book.translate.xml:64364 msgid "L2CAP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63985 +#: book.translate.xml:64368 msgid "" "The Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) " "provides connection-oriented and connectionless data services to upper layer " @@ -92627,7 +93809,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:63993 +#: book.translate.xml:64376 msgid "" "L2CAP is based around the concept of channels. A channel is a logical connection on top of a baseband " @@ -92639,7 +93821,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64004 +#: book.translate.xml:64387 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, a netgraph L2CAP node is created for each " "Bluetooth device. This node is normally connected to the downstream " @@ -92651,7 +93833,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64012 +#: book.translate.xml:64395 msgid "" "A useful command is l2ping8, which can be used to " @@ -92661,7 +93843,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64017 +#: book.translate.xml:64400 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# l2ping -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4\n" @@ -92672,7 +93854,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64023 +#: book.translate.xml:64406 msgid "" "The l2control8 utility is used to perform various operations on " @@ -92682,7 +93864,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64029 +#: book.translate.xml:64412 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% l2control -a 00:02:72:00:d4:1a read_channel_list\n" @@ -92696,7 +93878,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64038 +#: book.translate.xml:64421 msgid "" "Another diagnostic tool is btsockstat1. It is similar to " @@ -92708,7 +93890,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64044 +#: book.translate.xml:64427 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% btsockstat\n" @@ -92724,12 +93906,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:64057 +#: book.translate.xml:64440 msgid "Radio Frequency Communication (RFCOMM)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64060 +#: book.translate.xml:64443 msgid "" "The RFCOMM protocol provides emulation of serial ports " "over the L2CAP protocol. RFCOMM is a " @@ -92740,7 +93922,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64069 +#: book.translate.xml:64452 msgid "" "For the purposes of RFCOMM, a complete communication path " "involves two applications running on the communication endpoints with a " @@ -92751,7 +93933,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64078 +#: book.translate.xml:64461 msgid "" "RFCOMM is only concerned with the connection between the " "devices in the direct connect case, or between the device and a modem in the " @@ -92761,24 +93943,24 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64086 +#: book.translate.xml:64469 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, RFCOMM is implemented at the Bluetooth " "sockets layer." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:64091 +#: book.translate.xml:64474 msgid "Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64094 +#: book.translate.xml:64477 msgid "SDP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64098 +#: book.translate.xml:64481 msgid "" "The Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) provides the means " "for client applications to discover the existence of services provided by " @@ -92788,7 +93970,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64106 +#: book.translate.xml:64489 msgid "" "SDP involves communication between a SDP server and a SDP client. The server maintains a " @@ -92804,7 +93986,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64121 +#: book.translate.xml:64504 msgid "" "Normally, a SDP client searches for services based on " "some desired characteristics of the services. However, there are times when " @@ -92815,7 +93997,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64130 +#: book.translate.xml:64513 msgid "" "The Bluetooth SDP server, " "sdpd8% sdpcontrol -a 00:01:03:fc:6e:ec browse\n" @@ -92855,7 +94037,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64159 +#: book.translate.xml:64542 msgid "" "Note that each service has a list of attributes, such as the " "RFCOMM channel. Depending on the service, the user might " @@ -92867,13 +94049,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64169 +#: book.translate.xml:64552 #, no-wrap msgid "% sdpcontrol -a 00:01:03:fc:6e:ec search OPUSH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64171 +#: book.translate.xml:64554 msgid "" "Offering services on FreeBSD to Bluetooth clients is done with the " "sdpd8sdpd8 daemon can be started with:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64179 +#: book.translate.xml:64562 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sdpd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64181 +#: book.translate.xml:64564 msgid "" "The local server application that wants to provide a Bluetooth service to " "remote clients will register the service with the local SDPSDP server " "can be obtained by issuing a SDP browse query via the " @@ -92920,23 +94102,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64193 +#: book.translate.xml:64576 #, no-wrap msgid "# sdpcontrol -l browse" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:64197 +#: book.translate.xml:64580 msgid "OBEX Object Push (OPUSH)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64200 +#: book.translate.xml:64583 msgid "OBEX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64204 +#: book.translate.xml:64587 msgid "" "Object Exchange (OBEX) is a widely used protocol for " "simple file transfers between mobile devices. Its main use is in infrared " @@ -92947,7 +94129,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64213 +#: book.translate.xml:64596 msgid "" "The OBEX server and client are implemented by " "obexapp, which can be installed using the " @@ -92955,7 +94137,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64218 +#: book.translate.xml:64601 msgid "" "The OBEX client is used to push and/or pull objects from " "the OBEX server. An example object is a business card or " @@ -92972,7 +94154,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64234 +#: book.translate.xml:64617 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% obexapp -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4 -C IrMC\n" @@ -92985,7 +94167,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64242 +#: book.translate.xml:64625 msgid "" "In order to provide the OPUSH service, " "sdpd8# obexapp -s -C 10" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/title -#: book.translate.xml:64258 +#: book.translate.xml:64641 msgid "Serial Port Profile (SPP)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64260 +#: book.translate.xml:64643 msgid "" "The Serial Port Profile (SPP) allows Bluetooth devices to " "perform serial cable emulation. This profile allows legacy applications to " @@ -93020,7 +94202,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64266 +#: book.translate.xml:64649 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, rfcomm_sppd1 implements " @@ -93034,7 +94216,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64276 +#: book.translate.xml:64659 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# rfcomm_sppd -a 00:07:E0:00:0B:CA -t\n" @@ -93043,23 +94225,23 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64280 +#: book.translate.xml:64663 msgid "Once connected, the pseudo tty can be used as serial port:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64283 +#: book.translate.xml:64666 #, no-wrap msgid "# cu -l /dev/pts/6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/para -#: book.translate.xml:64285 +#: book.translate.xml:64668 msgid "The pseudo tty is printed on stdout and can be read by wrapper scripts:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect3/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64288 +#: book.translate.xml:64671 #, no-wrap msgid "" "PTS=`rfcomm_sppd -a 00:07:E0:00:0B:CA -t`\n" @@ -93067,7 +94249,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64296 +#: book.translate.xml:64679 msgid "" "By default, when FreeBSD is accepting a new connection, it tries to perform " "a role switch and become master. Some older Bluetooth devices which do not " @@ -93078,13 +94260,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64305 +#: book.translate.xml:64688 #, no-wrap msgid "# hccontrol -n ubt0hci write_node_role_switch 0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64307 +#: book.translate.xml:64690 msgid "" "To display Bluetooth packets, use the third-party package " "hcidump, which can be installed using the " @@ -93096,29 +94278,29 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:64318 +#: book.translate.xml:64701 msgid "Bridging" msgstr "橋接" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:64321 book.translate.xml:64782 +#: book.translate.xml:64704 book.translate.xml:65165 msgid "" " Andrew Thompson Written by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64331 +#: book.translate.xml:64714 msgid "IP subnet" msgstr "IP 子網段" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64334 +#: book.translate.xml:64717 msgid "bridge" msgstr "橋接" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:64338 +#: book.translate.xml:64721 msgid "" "It is sometimes useful to divide a network, such as an Ethernet segment, " "into network segments without having to create IP subnets " @@ -93127,7 +94309,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:64345 +#: book.translate.xml:64728 msgid "" "A bridge works by learning the MAC addresses of the " "devices on each of its network interfaces. It forwards traffic between " @@ -93138,17 +94320,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:64353 +#: book.translate.xml:64736 msgid "Bridging can be useful in the following situations:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64357 +#: book.translate.xml:64740 msgid "Connecting Networks" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64359 +#: book.translate.xml:64742 msgid "" "The basic operation of a bridge is to join two or more network segments. " "There are many reasons to use a host-based bridge instead of networking " @@ -93158,19 +94340,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64369 +#: book.translate.xml:64752 msgid "Filtering/Traffic Shaping Firewall" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64371 +#: book.translate.xml:64754 msgid "" "A bridge can be used when firewall functionality is needed without routing " "or Network Address Translation (NAT)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64375 +#: book.translate.xml:64758 msgid "" "An example is a small company that is connected via DSL " "or ISDN to an ISP. There are thirteen " @@ -93181,12 +94363,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64388 +#: book.translate.xml:64771 msgid "Network Tap" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64390 +#: book.translate.xml:64773 msgid "" "A bridge can join two network segments in order to inspect all Ethernet " "frames that pass between them using bpfVPN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64401 +#: book.translate.xml:64784 msgid "" "Two Ethernet networks can be joined across an IP link by " "bridging the networks to an EtherIP tunnel or a " @@ -93211,19 +94393,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64409 +#: book.translate.xml:64792 msgid "Layer 2 Redundancy" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64411 +#: book.translate.xml:64794 msgid "" "A network can be connected together with multiple links and use the Spanning " "Tree Protocol (STP) to block redundant paths." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:64418 +#: book.translate.xml:64801 msgid "" "This section describes how to configure a FreeBSD system as a bridge using " "if_bridge4pfil9if_bridge4 is a kernel module " @@ -93261,14 +94443,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64439 +#: book.translate.xml:64822 msgid "" "The bridge is created using interface cloning. To create the bridge " "interface:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64442 +#: book.translate.xml:64825 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig bridge create\n" @@ -93282,7 +94464,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64451 +#: book.translate.xml:64834 msgid "" "When a bridge interface is created, it is automatically assigned a randomly " "generated Ethernet address. The maxaddr and " @@ -93293,7 +94475,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64460 +#: book.translate.xml:64843 msgid "" "Next, specify which network interfaces to add as members of the bridge. For " "the bridge to forward packets, all member interfaces and the bridge need to " @@ -93301,7 +94483,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64464 +#: book.translate.xml:64847 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig bridge0 addm fxp0 addm fxp1 up\n" @@ -93310,7 +94492,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64468 +#: book.translate.xml:64851 msgid "" "The bridge can now forward Ethernet frames between fxp0 " "and fxp1. Add the following lines to /etc/rc." @@ -93318,7 +94500,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64473 +#: book.translate.xml:64856 #, no-wrap msgid "" "cloned_interfaces=\"bridge0\"\n" @@ -93328,7 +94510,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64478 +#: book.translate.xml:64861 msgid "" "If the bridge host needs an IP address, set it on the " "bridge interface, not on the member interfaces. The address can be set " @@ -93337,13 +94519,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64484 +#: book.translate.xml:64867 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig bridge0 inet 192.168.0.1/24" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64486 +#: book.translate.xml:64869 msgid "" "It is also possible to assign an IPv6 address to a bridge " "interface. To make the changes permanent, add the addressing information to " @@ -93351,7 +94533,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:64492 +#: book.translate.xml:64875 msgid "" "When packet filtering is enabled, bridged packets will pass through the " "filter inbound on the originating interface on the bridge interface, and " @@ -93361,7 +94543,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:64499 +#: book.translate.xml:64882 msgid "" "The bridge has several configurable settings for passing non-IP and IP packets, and layer2 firewalling with " @@ -93371,12 +94553,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:64507 +#: book.translate.xml:64890 msgid "Enabling Spanning Tree" msgstr "開啟 Spanning Tree" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64509 +#: book.translate.xml:64892 msgid "" "For an Ethernet network to function properly, only one active path can exist " "between two devices. The STP protocol detects loops and " @@ -93386,7 +94568,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64517 +#: book.translate.xml:64900 msgid "" "The Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP or 802.1w) " "provides backwards compatibility with legacy STP. " @@ -93398,7 +94580,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64526 +#: book.translate.xml:64909 msgid "" "STP can be enabled on member interfaces using " "ifconfig8# ifconfig bridge0 stp fxp0 stp fxp1\n" @@ -93426,7 +94608,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64544 +#: book.translate.xml:64927 msgid "" "This bridge has a spanning tree ID of 00:01:02:4b:d4:50 " "and a priority of 32768. As the root idSTP enabled:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64553 +#: book.translate.xml:64936 #, no-wrap msgid "" "bridge0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n" @@ -93456,7 +94638,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64565 +#: book.translate.xml:64948 msgid "" "The line root id 00:01:02:4b:d4:50 priority 32768 ifcost 400000 " "port 4 shows that the root bridge is 00:01:02:4b:d4:50ifconfig parameters are unique to bridge " "interfaces. This section summarizes some common uses for these parameters. " @@ -93481,12 +94663,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64583 +#: book.translate.xml:64966 msgid "private" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64585 +#: book.translate.xml:64968 msgid "" "A private interface does not forward any traffic to any other port that is " "also designated as a private interface. The traffic is blocked " @@ -93496,12 +94678,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64596 +#: book.translate.xml:64979 msgid "span" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64598 +#: book.translate.xml:64981 msgid "" "A span port transmits a copy of every Ethernet frame received by the bridge. " "The number of span ports configured on a bridge is unlimited, but if an " @@ -93513,18 +94695,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64608 +#: book.translate.xml:64991 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig bridge0 span fxp4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64613 +#: book.translate.xml:64996 msgid "sticky" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64615 +#: book.translate.xml:64998 msgid "" "If a bridge member interface is marked as sticky, dynamically learned " "address entries are treated as static entries in the forwarding cache. " @@ -93536,7 +94718,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64625 +#: book.translate.xml:65008 msgid "" "An example of using sticky addresses is to combine the bridge with " "VLANs in order to isolate customer networks without " @@ -93548,7 +94730,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64634 +#: book.translate.xml:65017 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig bridge0 addm vlan100 sticky vlan100 addm vlan101 sticky vlan101\n" @@ -93556,7 +94738,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64637 +#: book.translate.xml:65020 msgid "" "In this example, both clients see 192.168.0.1 as their default gateway. Since the bridge cache " @@ -93565,20 +94747,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64643 +#: book.translate.xml:65026 msgid "" "Any communication between the VLANs can be blocked using " "a firewall or, as seen in this example, private interfaces:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64647 +#: book.translate.xml:65030 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig bridge0 private vlan100 private vlan101" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64649 +#: book.translate.xml:65032 msgid "" "The customers are completely isolated from each other and the full " "/24 address range can be " @@ -93586,7 +94768,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64653 +#: book.translate.xml:65036 msgid "" "The number of unique source MAC addresses behind an " "interface can be limited. Once the limit is reached, packets with unknown " @@ -93595,7 +94777,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64659 +#: book.translate.xml:65042 msgid "" "The following example sets the maximum number of Ethernet devices for " "CustomerA on " @@ -93603,13 +94785,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64663 +#: book.translate.xml:65046 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig bridge0 ifmaxaddr vlan100 10" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64668 +#: book.translate.xml:65051 msgid "" "Bridge interfaces also support monitor mode, where the packets are discarded " "after bpf4# ifconfig bridge0 addm fxp0 addm fxp1 addm fxp2 addm fxp3 monitor up\n" @@ -93631,12 +94813,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:64682 +#: book.translate.xml:65065 msgid "SNMP Monitoring" msgstr "SNMP 監視" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64684 +#: book.translate.xml:65067 msgid "" "The bridge interface and STP parameters can be monitored " "via bsnmpd1/etc/" "snmpd.config by removing the beginning # " @@ -93655,13 +94837,13 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64695 +#: book.translate.xml:65078 #, no-wrap msgid "begemotSnmpdModulePath.\"bridge\" = \"/usr/lib/snmp_bridge.so\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64697 +#: book.translate.xml:65080 msgid "" "Other configuration settings, such as community names and access lists, may " "need to be modified in this file. See bsnmpdbsnmpd1:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64707 +#: book.translate.xml:65090 #, no-wrap msgid "# service bsnmpd start" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64709 +#: book.translate.xml:65092 msgid "" "The following examples use the Net-SNMP software " "(net-mgmt/net-snmp) to query a bridge from a client " @@ -93703,7 +94885,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64719 +#: book.translate.xml:65102 #, no-wrap msgid "" "mibdirs +/usr/share/snmp/mibs\n" @@ -93711,12 +94893,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64722 +#: book.translate.xml:65105 msgid "To monitor a single bridge using the IETF BRIDGE-MIB (RFC4188):" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64725 +#: book.translate.xml:65108 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% snmpwalk -v 2c -c public bridge1.example.com mib-2.dot1dBridge\n" @@ -93738,7 +94920,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64742 +#: book.translate.xml:65125 msgid "" "The dot1dStpTopChanges.0 value is two, indicating that " "the STP bridge topology has changed twice. A topology " @@ -93749,14 +94931,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64750 +#: book.translate.xml:65133 msgid "" "To monitor multiple bridge interfaces, the private BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB can be " "used:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64753 +#: book.translate.xml:65136 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% snmpwalk -v 2c -c public bridge1.example.com\n" @@ -93777,14 +94959,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64769 +#: book.translate.xml:65152 msgid "" "To change the bridge interface being monitored via the mib-2." "dot1dBridge subtree:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64772 +#: book.translate.xml:65155 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% snmpset -v 2c -c private bridge1.example.com\n" @@ -93792,42 +94974,42 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:64779 +#: book.translate.xml:65162 msgid "Link Aggregation and Failover" msgstr "Link Aggregation 與容錯移轉" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64792 +#: book.translate.xml:65175 msgid "lagg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64795 +#: book.translate.xml:65178 msgid "failover" msgstr "容錯移轉" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64798 +#: book.translate.xml:65181 msgid "FEC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64801 +#: book.translate.xml:65184 msgid "LACP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64804 +#: book.translate.xml:65187 msgid "loadbalance" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:64807 +#: book.translate.xml:65190 msgid "roundrobin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:64811 +#: book.translate.xml:65194 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides the lagg4 interface which can be " @@ -93840,7 +95022,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:64821 +#: book.translate.xml:65204 msgid "" "The aggregation protocols supported by the lagg interface determine which " "ports are used for outgoing traffic and whether or not a specific port " @@ -93850,12 +95032,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64828 +#: book.translate.xml:65211 msgid "failover" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64830 +#: book.translate.xml:65213 msgid "" "This mode sends and receives traffic only through the master port. If the " "master port becomes unavailable, the next active port is used. The first " @@ -93866,12 +95048,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64842 +#: book.translate.xml:65225 msgid "fec / loadbalance" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64844 +#: book.translate.xml:65227 msgid "" "Cisco Fast EtherChannel (FEC) is found on " @@ -93882,12 +95064,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64854 +#: book.translate.xml:65237 msgid "lacp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64856 +#: book.translate.xml:65239 msgid "" "The IEEE 802.3ad Link " "Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) negotiates a set of " @@ -93901,7 +95083,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64870 +#: book.translate.xml:65253 msgid "" "LACP balances outgoing traffic across the active ports " "based on hashed protocol header information and accepts incoming traffic " @@ -93912,12 +95094,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term -#: book.translate.xml:64882 +#: book.translate.xml:65265 msgid "roundrobin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:64884 +#: book.translate.xml:65267 msgid "" "This mode distributes outgoing traffic using a round-robin scheduler through " "all active ports and accepts incoming traffic from any active port. Since " @@ -93925,12 +95107,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:64894 +#: book.translate.xml:65277 msgid "Configuration Examples" msgstr "設定範例" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:64896 +#: book.translate.xml:65279 msgid "" "This section demonstrates how to configure a Cisco switch and a FreeBSD system for LACP " @@ -93940,7 +95122,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:64904 +#: book.translate.xml:65287 msgid "" "LACP Aggregation with a Cisco Switch" @@ -93949,7 +95131,7 @@ "LACP Aggregation" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64907 +#: book.translate.xml:65290 msgid "" "This example connects two fxp4 Ethernet interfaces on " @@ -93962,7 +95144,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64916 +#: book.translate.xml:65299 msgid "" "Frame ordering is mandatory on Ethernet links and any traffic between two " "stations always flows over the same physical link, limiting the maximum " @@ -93972,7 +95154,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64924 +#: book.translate.xml:65307 msgid "" "On the Cisco switch, add the " "FastEthernet0/1 and FastEthernet0/2interface FastEthernet0/1\n" @@ -93993,7 +95175,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64937 +#: book.translate.xml:65320 msgid "" "On the FreeBSD system, create the lagg4 interface using the " @@ -94003,7 +95185,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64944 +#: book.translate.xml:65327 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig fxp0 up\n" @@ -94013,12 +95195,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64949 +#: book.translate.xml:65332 msgid "Next, verify the status of the virtual interface:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64951 +#: book.translate.xml:65334 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig lagg0\n" @@ -94033,7 +95215,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64961 +#: book.translate.xml:65344 msgid "" "Ports marked as ACTIVE are part of the LAG that has been negotiated with the remote switch. Traffic will be " @@ -94042,14 +95224,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64969 +#: book.translate.xml:65352 msgid "" "To see the port status on the Cisco switch:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:64971 +#: book.translate.xml:65354 #, no-wrap msgid "" "switch# show lacp neighbor\n" @@ -94068,19 +95250,19 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64985 +#: book.translate.xml:65368 msgid "For more detail, type show lacp neighbor detail." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:64988 +#: book.translate.xml:65371 msgid "" "To retain this configuration across reboots, add the following entries to " "/etc/rc.conf on the FreeBSD system:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:64992 +#: book.translate.xml:65375 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ifconfig_fxp0=\"up\"\n" @@ -94090,12 +95272,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:64999 +#: book.translate.xml:65382 msgid "Failover Mode" msgstr "容錯移轉模式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65001 +#: book.translate.xml:65384 msgid "" "Failover mode can be used to switch over to a secondary interface if the " "link is lost on the master interface. To configure failover, make sure that " @@ -94108,7 +95290,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65011 +#: book.translate.xml:65394 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig fxp0 up\n" @@ -94118,12 +95300,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65016 book.translate.xml:65105 +#: book.translate.xml:65399 book.translate.xml:65488 msgid "The virtual interface should look something like this:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65019 +#: book.translate.xml:65402 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig lagg0\n" @@ -94139,7 +95321,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65030 +#: book.translate.xml:65413 msgid "" "Traffic will be transmitted and received on fxp0. " "If the link is lost on fxp0, fxp1/etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65041 +#: book.translate.xml:65424 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ifconfig_fxp0=\"up\"\n" @@ -94165,12 +95347,12 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/title -#: book.translate.xml:65048 +#: book.translate.xml:65431 msgid "Failover Mode Between Ethernet and Wireless Interfaces" msgstr "乙太網路與無線介面間的容錯移轉模式" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65051 +#: book.translate.xml:65434 msgid "" "For laptop users, it is usually desirable to configure the wireless device " "as a secondary which is only used when the Ethernet connection is not " @@ -94182,14 +95364,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65059 +#: book.translate.xml:65442 msgid "" "This is achieved by overriding the physical wireless interface's " "MAC address with that of the Ethernet interface." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65063 +#: book.translate.xml:65446 msgid "" "In this example, the Ethernet interface, bge0, is " "the master and the wireless interface, wlan0, is " @@ -94200,7 +95382,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65073 +#: book.translate.xml:65456 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig bge0\n" @@ -94214,7 +95396,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65082 +#: book.translate.xml:65465 msgid "" "Replace bge0 to match the system's Ethernet " "interface name. The ether line will contain the " @@ -94223,26 +95405,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65089 +#: book.translate.xml:65472 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig iwn0 ether 00:21:70:da:ae:37" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65091 +#: book.translate.xml:65474 msgid "" "Bring the wireless interface up, but do not set an IP " "address:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65094 +#: book.translate.xml:65477 #, no-wrap msgid "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev iwn0 ssid my_router up" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65096 +#: book.translate.xml:65479 msgid "" "Make sure the bge0 interface is up, then create " "the lagg4# ifconfig bge0 up\n" @@ -94260,7 +95442,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65108 +#: book.translate.xml:65491 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# ifconfig lagg0\n" @@ -94275,61 +95457,61 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/para -#: book.translate.xml:65118 +#: book.translate.xml:65501 msgid "" "Then, start the DHCP client to obtain an IP address:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65121 +#: book.translate.xml:65504 #, no-wrap msgid "# dhclient lagg0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: example/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65127 +#: book.translate.xml:65510 #, no-wrap msgid "" "ifconfig_bge0=\"up\"\n" -"ifconfig_iwn0=\"ether 00:21:70:da:ae:37\"\n" "wlans_iwn0=\"wlan0\"\n" "ifconfig_wlan0=\"WPA\"\n" +"create_args_wlan0=\"wlanaddr 00:21:70:da:ae:37\"\n" "cloned_interfaces=\"lagg0\"\n" -"ifconfig_lagg0=\"laggproto failover laggport bge0 laggport wlan0 DHCP\"" +"ifconfig_lagg0=\"up laggproto failover laggport bge0 laggport wlan0 DHCP\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:65139 +#: book.translate.xml:65522 msgid "Diskless Operation with PXE" msgstr "PXE 無磁碟作業" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:65142 +#: book.translate.xml:65525 msgid "" " Jean-François Dockès " " Updated by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:65151 +#: book.translate.xml:65534 msgid "" " Alex Dupre Reorganized and enhanced by " msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:65161 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "diskless workstation" msgstr "無磁碟工作站" #. (itstool) path: sect1/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:65164 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "diskless operation" msgstr "無磁碟作業" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:65168 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The Intel Preboot eXecution " "Environment (PXE) allows an operating system to boot over " @@ -94343,7 +95525,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:65179 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "In order to provide the files needed for an operating system to boot over " "the network, a PXE setup also requires properly " @@ -94352,7 +95534,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65187 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Initial parameters, such as an IP address, executable " "boot filename and location, server name, and root path are obtained from the " @@ -94360,18 +95542,18 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65194 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The operating system loader file is booted using TFTP." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para -#: book.translate.xml:65199 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "The file systems are loaded using NFS." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:65204 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "When a computer PXE boots, it receives information over " "DHCP about where to obtain the initial boot loader file. " @@ -94384,7 +95566,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/para -#: book.translate.xml:65215 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "This section describes how to configure these services on a FreeBSD system " "so that other systems can PXE boot into FreeBSD. Refer to " @@ -94393,25 +95575,25 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: caution/para -#: book.translate.xml:65221 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "As described, the system providing these services is insecure. It should " "live in a protected area of a network and be untrusted by other hosts." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: info/title -#: book.translate.xml:65228 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Setting Up the PXE Environment" msgstr "設定 PXE 環境" #. (itstool) path: affiliation/address -#: book.translate.xml:65238 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "rodrigc@FreeBSD.org" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author -#: book.translate.xml:65232 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" " Craig Rodrigues <_:address-1/> Written by " @@ -94419,7 +95601,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65245 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The steps shown in this section configure the built-in NFS and TFTP servers. The next section demonstrates " @@ -94432,14 +95614,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:65259 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Create the root directory which will contain a FreeBSD installation to be " "NFS mounted:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65262 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# export NFSROOTDIR=/b/tftpboot/FreeBSD/install\n" @@ -94447,38 +95629,38 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:65267 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Enable the NFS server by adding this line to /" "etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65270 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "nfs_server_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:65274 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Export the diskless root directory via NFS by adding the " "following to /etc/exports:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65278 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "/b -ro -alldirs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:65282 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Start the NFS server:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:65288 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Enable inetd8 by adding the following line to /etc/rc." @@ -94486,20 +95668,20 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:65295 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Uncomment the following line in /etc/inetd.conf by " "making sure it does not start with a # symbol:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65299 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/libexec/tftpd tftpd -l -s /b/tftpboot" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:65302 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Some PXE versions require the TCP " "version of TFTP. In this case, uncomment the second " @@ -94507,26 +95689,26 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:65311 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Start inetd8:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:65317 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Rebuild the FreeBSD kernel and userland (refer to for more detailed instructions):" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:65326 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Install FreeBSD into the directory mounted over NFS:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65329 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# make installworld DESTDIR=${NFSROOTDIR}\n" @@ -94535,14 +95717,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:65335 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Test that the TFTP server works and can download the boot " "loader which will be obtained via PXE:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65339 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# tftp localhost\n" @@ -94551,14 +95733,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:65345 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Edit ${NFSROOTDIR}/etc/fstab and create an entry to " "mount the root file system over NFS:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65349 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# Device Mountpoint FSType Options Dump Pass\n" @@ -94566,7 +95748,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:65352 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Replace myhost.example.com with the hostname or " "IP address of the NFS server. In this " @@ -94576,14 +95758,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:65361 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Set the root password in the PXE environment for client " "machines which are PXE booting :" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65365 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chroot ${NFSROOTDIR}\n" @@ -94591,7 +95773,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:65370 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "If needed, enable ssh1 root logins for client " @@ -94603,7 +95785,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: step/para -#: book.translate.xml:65379 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Perform any other needed customizations of the PXE " "environment in ${NFSROOTDIR}. These customizations " @@ -94613,7 +95795,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65387 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "When booting from an NFS root volume, /etc/rc detects the NFS boot and runs /etc/rc." @@ -94624,7 +95806,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/screen -#: book.translate.xml:65396 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# chroot ${NFSROOTDIR}\n" @@ -94634,7 +95816,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65401 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "When the system boots, memory file systems for /etc and " "/var will be created and mounted and the contents of " @@ -94642,17 +95824,17 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:65409 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Configuring the DHCP Server" msgstr "設定 DHCP 伺服器" #. (itstool) path: sect2/indexterm -#: book.translate.xml:65411 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "DHCP diskless operation" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65416 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The DHCP server does not need to be the same machine as " "the TFTP and NFS server, but it needs " @@ -94660,14 +95842,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65421 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "DHCP is not part of the FreeBSD base system but can be " -"installed using the net/isc-dhcp42-server port or package." +"installed using the net/isc-dhcp43-server port or package." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65426 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Once installed, edit the configuration file, /usr/local/etc/dhcpd." "conf. Configure the next-server, " @@ -94676,7 +95858,7 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65433 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "" "subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {\n" @@ -94700,14 +95882,14 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65463 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The next-server directive is used to specify the " "IP address of the TFTP server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65467 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The filename directive defines the path to /" "boot/pxeboot. A relative filename is used, meaning that " @@ -94715,27 +95897,27 @@ msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65472 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "The root-path option defines the path to the " "NFS root file system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65475 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Once the edits are saved, enable DHCP at boot time by " "adding the following line to /etc/rc.conf:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65479 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 #, no-wrap msgid "dhcpd_enable=\"YES\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65481 +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Then start the DHCP service:" msgstr "" @@ -97831,146 +99013,17 @@ "器檢視 Subversion 檔案庫可以使用 https://svnweb.FreeBSD.org/。" -#. (itstool) path: note/para -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "" -"The FreeBSD Subversion mirrors previously used " -"self-signed SSL certificates documented in this chapter. As of July 14, " -"2015, all mirrors now use an official SSL certificate that will be " -"recognized by Subversion if the security/ca_root_nss port is installed. The legacy self-" -"signed certificates and server names are still available but are deprecated " -"and no longer supported." -msgstr "" -"FreeBSD Subversion 鏡像站先前使用的自我簽署 SSL 憑" -"証記錄於本章節中。自 2015 年 7 月開始，所有鏡像站開始使用官方的 SSL 憑証，若" -"有安裝 security/ca_root_nss Port 則 " -"Subversion 便有辦法辨識。舊的自我簽署憑証與伺服器" -"名稱仍可以使用，但已不建議使用且不再支援。" - #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" -"For those without the security/ca_root_nss " -"port installed, the SHA1 and SHA256 fingerprints are:" +"HTTPS is the preferred protocol, but the security/" +"ca_root_nss package will need to be installed in order to " +"automatically validate certificates." msgstr "" -"對於未安裝 security/ca_root_nss Port 的系" -"統，所需的 SHA1 與 SHA256 的指紋 (Fingerprint) 為：" -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "Hash" -msgstr "編碼 (Hash)" - -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "Fingerprint" -msgstr "指紋 (Fingerprint)" - -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "SHA1" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "" -"E9:37:73:80:B5:32:1B:93:92:94:98:17:59:F0:FA:A2:5F:1E:DE:B9" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "SHA256" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "" -"D5:27:1C:B6:55:E6:A8:7D:48:D5:0C:F0:DA:9D:51:60:D7:42:6A:F2:05:" -"F1:8A:47:BE:78:A1:3A:72:06:92:60" -msgstr "" - #. (itstool) path: sect2/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" -"HTTPS is the preferred protocol, providing protection " -"against another computer pretending to be the FreeBSD mirror (commonly known " -"as a man in the middle attack) or otherwise trying to send " -"bad content to the end user." -msgstr "" -"建議使用 HTTPS 通訊協定，這可提供避免其他電腦假裝為 " -"FreeBSD 鏡像站 (即為一般所知的 中間人攻擊 (Man in the middle) " -"攻擊) 與其他嘗試傳送惡意內容給終端使用者的保護。" - -#. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "" -"If https cannot be used due to firewall or other " -"problems, svn is the next choice, with slightly faster " -"transfers. When neither can be used, use http." -msgstr "" -"若因防火牆或其他問題無法使用 https，那麼下一個選擇為使用 " -"svn，這個通訊協定會有較快的傳輸速度。當兩者皆無法使用時才" -"使用 http。" - -#. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "" -"For those still using deprecated server names, the SHA1 and SHA256 " -"fingerprints will be one of:" -msgstr "" -"對於那些仍使用已不建議使用伺服器名稱的電腦的 SHA1 及 SHA256 指紋可為下列其中" -"之一：" - -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "Legacy-SHA1" -msgstr "舊-SHA1" - -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "" -"1C:BD:85:95:11:9F:EB:75:A5:4B:C8:A3:FE:08:E4:02:73:06:1E:61" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "" -"F6:44:AA:B9:03:89:0E:3E:8C:4D:4D:14:F0:27:E6:C7:C1:8B:17:C5" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "Legacy-SHA256" -msgstr "舊-SHA256" - -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "" -"47:35:A9:09:A3:AB:FA:20:33:36:43:C5:1A:D6:E6:FB:EB:C0:C0:83:37:" -"D4:46:9C:A0:AB:89:7F:C2:9C:4C:A3" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "" -"48:3C:84:DB:7C:27:1B:FA:D5:0B:A0:D7:E0:4C:79:AA:A3:8E:A3:FA:84:" -"E6:32:34:7D:EB:30:E6:11:01:CF:BE" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "" -"Seeing one of these legacy certificate fingerprints means it is likely that " -"a deprecated server name is being used." -msgstr "從這些舊的憑証指紋中找到對應已不建已使用伺服器名稱所使用的項目。" - -#. (itstool) path: sect2/para -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "" "For other information about using Subversion, " "please see the Subversion Book, titled Version Control with Subversion, or " @@ -98432,8 +99485,9 @@ #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" "Edinburgh University has " -"written an Online Guide for newcomers to the UNIX environment." +"written an Online " +"Guide for newcomers to the UNIX environment." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: sect1/title @@ -99202,20 +100256,6 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" -"freebsd-aic7xxx" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "" -"Developing drivers for the Adaptec AIC 7xxx" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: row/entry -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "" "freebsd-amd64" msgstr "" @@ -100668,6 +101708,20 @@ #. (itstool) path: row/entry #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" +"svn-src-stable-11" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: row/entry +#: book.translate.xml:65535 +msgid "" +"All changes to the stable/11 branch of the src " +"Subversion repository" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: row/entry +#: book.translate.xml:65535 +msgid "" "svn-src-stable-other" msgstr "" @@ -101799,8 +102853,25 @@ "the C99 and the POSIX standards." msgstr "" +#. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term +#: book.translate.xml:65535 +msgid "" +"freebsd-teaching" +msgstr "" + #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 +msgid "Teaching with FreeBSD" +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: listitem/para +#: book.translate.xml:65535 +msgid "Non technical mailing list discussing teaching with FreeBSD." +msgstr "" + +#. (itstool) path: listitem/para +#: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "Testing on FreeBSD" msgstr "" @@ -101940,7 +103011,7 @@ #. (itstool) path: footnote/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" -"http://www.freebsd." +"https://www.freebsd." "org/news/status/" msgstr "" @@ -102290,8 +103361,9 @@ #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "" -"http://www.FreeBSD.org/" +"https://www.FreeBSD.org/" msgstr "" +"https://www.FreeBSD.org/" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #: book.translate.xml:65535 @@ -102628,674 +103700,6 @@ msgid "Officers" msgstr "人員" -#. (itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "Security Officer Team security-officer@FreeBSD.org" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -#, no-wrap -msgid "" -"\n" -"pub rsa4096/ED67ECD65DCF6AE7 2013-09-24 [expires: 2018-01-01]\n" -" Key fingerprint = 1CF7 FF6F ADF5 CA9F BE1B 8CB2 ED67 ECD6 5DCF 6AE7\n" -"uid FreeBSD Security Officer <security-officer@FreeBSD.org>\n" -"sub rsa4096/B64357A343D9CBAE 2013-09-24 [expires: 2018-01-01]\n" -"\n" -msgstr "" - -#. 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(itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "Security Team Secretary secteam-secretary@FreeBSD.org" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -#, no-wrap -msgid "" -"\n" -"pub 4096R/3CB2EAFCC3D6C666 2013-09-24 [expires: 2018-01-01]\n" -" Key fingerprint = FA97 AA04 4DF9 0969 D5EF 4ADA 3CB2 EAFC C3D6 C666\n" -"uid FreeBSD Security Team Secretary <secteam-secretary@FreeBSD.org>\n" -"sub 4096R/509B26612335EB65 2013-09-24 [expires: 2018-01-01]\n" -msgstr "" - -#. 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(itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "Core Team Secretary core-secretary@FreeBSD.org" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -#, no-wrap -msgid "" -"\n" -"pub rsa4096/36A7C05FE1ECF9BB 2014-07-09 [SC] [expires: 2017-07-08]\n" -" Key fingerprint = C07B F5E3 10AE 64BF 6120 B0F6 36A7 C05F E1EC F9BB\n" -"uid FreeBSD Core Team Secretary <core-secretary@freebsd.org>\n" -"uid Core Secretary <core-secretary@freebsd.org>\n" -"sub rsa4096/7B5150C8D7CE5D02 2014-07-09 [E] [expires: 2017-07-08]\n" -"\n" -msgstr "" - -#. 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(itstool) path: sect2/title -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -msgid "" -"Ports Management Team Secretary portmgr-secretary@FreeBSD.org" -msgstr "" - -#. (itstool) path: sect2/programlisting -#: book.translate.xml:65535 -#, no-wrap -msgid "" -"\n" -"pub rsa2048/D8294EC3BBC4D7D5 2012-07-24 [SC]\n" -" Key fingerprint = FB37 45C8 6F15 E8ED AC81 32FC D829 4EC3 BBC4 D7D5\n" -"uid FreeBSD Ports Management Team Secretary <portmgr-secretary@FreeBSD.org>\n" -"sub rsa2048/5CC117965F65CFE7 2012-07-24 [E]\n" -"\n" -msgstr "" - -#. 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(itstool) path: glossary/title #: book.translate.xml:65535 msgid "FreeBSD Glossary" @@ -105352,1175 +105756,5 @@ "JadeTeX 巨集套件的重要貢獻，本文件的印刷版本將無以" "完成。" -#~ msgid "Using FreeBSD-STABLE" -#~ msgstr "使用 FreeBSD-STABLE" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "FreeBSD-STABLE is the development branch from which major releases are " -#~ "made. Changes go into this branch at a slower pace and with the general " -#~ "assumption that they have first been tested in FreeBSD-CURRENT. This is " -#~ "still a development branch and, at any given time, " -#~ "the sources for FreeBSD-STABLE may or may not be suitable for general " -#~ "use. It is simply another engineering development track, not a resource " -#~ "for end-users. Users who do not have the resources to perform testing " -#~ "should instead run the most recent release of FreeBSD." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "主要發行版便是使用 FreeBSD-STABLE 這個開發分支所產生。變更進入這個分支的速" -#~ "度比較慢，並假設這些變更已經先在 FreeBSD-CURRENT 測試過。但這 仍" -#~ "然 是一個開發分支，而且 FreeBSD-STABLE 的原始碼在任何時候都有可" -#~ "能不適合一般的使用。它只是另一個開發分支，並非專門提供給終端使用者使用。若" -#~ "沒有替代資源可供測試的使用者應該改使用最新的 FreeBSD 發行版。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Those interested in tracking or contributing to the FreeBSD development " -#~ "process, especially as it relates to the next release of FreeBSD, should " -#~ "consider following FreeBSD-STABLE." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "有興趣追蹤或對 FreeBSD 開發流程貢獻的人，尤其是對 FreeBSD 接下來的發行版相" -#~ "關內容有興趣的人，應該考慮追蹤 FreeBSD-STABLE。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "While the FreeBSD-STABLE branch should compile and run at all times, this " -#~ "cannot be guaranteed. Since more people run FreeBSD-STABLE than FreeBSD-" -#~ "CURRENT, it is inevitable that bugs and corner cases will sometimes be " -#~ "found in FreeBSD-STABLE that were not apparent in FreeBSD-CURRENT. For " -#~ "this reason, one should not blindly track FreeBSD-STABLE. It is " -#~ "particularly important not to update any production " -#~ "servers to FreeBSD-STABLE without thoroughly testing the code in a " -#~ "development or testing environment." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "儘管 FreeBSD-STABLE 分支應該在任何時候均能正確編譯、執行，但是並不保証不會" -#~ "有問題。因為使用 FreeBSD-STABLE 的人比 FreeBSD-CURRENT 多，有時無可避免地" -#~ "會在 FreeBSD-STABLE 發現在 FreeBSD-CURRENT 並非顯而易見的錯誤和極端的狀" -#~ "況。也因此，我們並不建議盲目追蹤 FreeBSD-STABLE。 特別重要的是 " -#~ "不要 在尚未使用開發或測試環境對程式碼做完整的測試之前，升級任何" -#~ "上線的伺服器為 FreeBSD-STABLE。" - -#~ msgid "To track FreeBSD-STABLE:" -#~ msgstr "若要追蹤 FreeBSD-STABLE：" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Join the freebsd-stable list in order to stay informed of " -#~ "build dependencies that may appear in FreeBSD-STABLE or any other issues " -#~ "requiring special attention. Developers will also make announcements in " -#~ "this mailing list when they are contemplating some controversial fix or " -#~ "update, giving the users a chance to respond if they have any issues to " -#~ "raise concerning the proposed change." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "加入 freebsd-stable 郵遞論壇來隨時瞭解 FreeBSD-STABLE 編譯的相" -#~ "依關係或是任何其他需特別注意的議題。開發者在評估一些有爭議的修正或更新時，" -#~ "也會先在這裡發信公告，讓使用者有機會可以對提案的更改提出問題。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Join the relevant svn list for the branch " -#~ "being tracked. For example, users tracking the 9-STABLE branch should " -#~ "join the svn-src-stable-9 list. This list records the commit " -#~ "log entry for each change as it is made, along with any pertinent " -#~ "information on possible side effects." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "加入 svn 相關郵遞論壇來追蹤該分支的修訂。 例" -#~ "如，要追蹤 9-STABLE 分支的使用者應該加入 svn-src-stable-9 郵" -#~ "遞論壇。這個郵遞論壇會記錄每一次修改的提交項目，以及可能產生的副作用的相關" -#~ "資訊。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "To join these lists, go to http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo, " -#~ "click on the list to subscribe to, and follow the instructions. In order " -#~ "to track changes for the whole source tree, subscribe to svn-src-all." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "要加入這兩個郵遞論壇，請前往 http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo 點選要" -#~ "訂閱的郵遞論壇，並依照網頁指示的步驟操作。要追蹤整個原始碼樹，不單只有 " -#~ "FreeBSD-CURRENT 的變更，可訂閱 svn-src-all 郵遞論壇。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "To install a new FreeBSD-STABLE system, install the most recent FreeBSD-" -#~ "STABLE release from the FreeBSD mirror sites or use a monthly snapshot built from FreeBSD-STABLE. Refer to www.freebsd.org/snapshots for more information about snapshots." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "要安裝新的 FreeBSD-STABLE 系統， 可從 FreeBSD 鏡" -#~ "像站 或從 FreeBSD-STABLE 每個月的快照 (Snapshot) 來安裝最新的 " -#~ "FreeBSD-STABLE 發行版。請參考 www.freebsd.org/snapshots 來取得更多有關快照的資訊。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "To compile or upgrade to an existing FreeBSD system to FreeBSD-STABLE, " -#~ "use svn <_:indexterm-1/> to check out the " -#~ "source for the desired branch. Branch names, such as stable/9, are listed at www.freebsd.org/releng." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "要編譯或升級已經安裝的 FreeBSD 系統至 FreeBSD-STABLE，可使用 svn <_:indexterm-1/> 來取得欲安裝分支的原始碼。分支" -#~ "的名稱列在 www.freebsd.org/" -#~ "releng，例如 stable/9。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Before compiling or upgrading to FreeBSD-STABLE <_:indexterm-1/>, read " -#~ "/usr/src/Makefile carefully and follow the " -#~ "instructions in . Read FreeBSD-" -#~ "STABLE mailing list and /usr/src/UPDATING to " -#~ "keep up-to-date on other bootstrapping procedures that sometimes become " -#~ "necessary on the road to the next release." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "在編譯或升級到 FreeBSD-STABLE <_:indexterm-1/> 之前 ， 請仔細閱讀 " -#~ "/usr/src/Makefile 並依照 的指示操作。閱讀 FreeBSD-STABLE 郵遞論壇 以及 /" -#~ "usr/src/UPDATING 來了解升級的相關資訊，有時會含有升級下一個發行" -#~ "版的必要資訊。" - -#~ msgid "Synchronizing Source" -#~ msgstr "同步原始碼" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "There are various methods for staying up-to-date with the FreeBSD " -#~ "sources. This section describes the primary service, " -#~ "Subversion." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "有多許方法可以更新 FreeBSD 的原始碼，本節將說明主要的方法：" -#~ "Subversion。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "While it is possible to update only parts of the source tree, the only " -#~ "supported update procedure is to update the entire tree and recompile all " -#~ "the programs that run in user space, such as those in /bin and /sbin, and kernel sources. Updating " -#~ "only part of the source tree, only the kernel, or only the userland " -#~ "programs will often result in problems ranging from compile errors to " -#~ "kernel panics or data corruption." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "雖然有可能只更新部份原始碼樹，但是正式支援的更新步驟是更新整個樹並重新編譯" -#~ "所有在使用者空間 (User space) 中的程式，例如在 /bin " -#~ "和 /sbin 中的程式及核心原始碼，只更新部份的原始碼樹 " -#~ "(例如：只更新核心或使用者空間的程式) 的做法經常會導致編譯錯誤、核心錯誤或" -#~ "資料損毀的問題。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Subversion uses the pull " -#~ "model of updating sources. The user, or a cron script, " -#~ "invokes the svn program which updates the local " -#~ "version of the source. Subversion is the " -#~ "preferred method for updating local source trees as updates are up-to-the-" -#~ "minute and the user controls when updates are downloaded. It is easy to " -#~ "restrict updates to specific files or directories and the requested " -#~ "updates are generated on the fly by the server. How to synchronize source " -#~ "using Subversion is described in ." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "Subversion 使用了拉式 (Pull) 的原始碼更新模式，使用者或 cron script 只要執" -#~ "行 svn 程式便可更新本地的原始碼。會選擇 " -#~ "Subversion 做為更新本地原始碼樹的方法是因為它更" -#~ "新速度很快且使用者可以控制要下載那些更新，它可以很容易的限制只下載特定檔案" -#~ "或目錄的更新，且伺服器可以立即產生請求的更新，如何使用 " -#~ "Subversion 同步原始碼在 有介紹。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "If a user inadvertently wipes out portions of the local archive, " -#~ "Subversion will detect and rebuild the damaged " -#~ "portions during an update." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "若使用者無意見刪除了部份的本地封存檔，Subversion 可以在更新時偵測到並且重新建立被刪除的部份。" - -#~ msgid "Rebuilding World" -#~ msgstr "重新編譯 World" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Once the local source tree is synchronized against a particular version " -#~ "of FreeBSD such as FreeBSD-STABLE or FreeBSD-CURRENT, the source tree can " -#~ "be used to rebuild the system. This process is known as rebuilding world." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "當本地的原始碼樹已與特定版本的 FreeBSD 如 FreeBSD-STABLE 或 FreeBSD-" -#~ "CURRENT 同步以後，便可使用原始碼樹來重新編譯系統。這個程序即為重新編譯 " -#~ "World。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Before rebuilding world, be sure to perform the " -#~ "following tasks:" -#~ msgstr "在重新編譯 World 之前，請確定已完成以下工作：" - -#~ msgid "Perform These Tasks Before Building World" -#~ msgstr "編譯 World 之前 要完成的工作" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Backup all important data to another system or removable media, verify " -#~ "the integrity of the backup, and have a bootable installation media at " -#~ "hand. It cannot be stressed enough how important it is to make a backup " -#~ "of the system before rebuilding the system. While " -#~ "rebuilding world is an easy task, there will inevitably be times when " -#~ "mistakes in the source tree render the system unbootable. You will " -#~ "probably never have to use the backup, but it is better to be safe than " -#~ "sorry!" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "備份所有重要的資料到另一個系統或可卸除的媒體，檢查備份的完整性並在手中保留" -#~ "一份可開機的安裝媒體。如何強調都不足夠說明在重新編譯系統 之前 備份系統的重要性，即便重新編譯 World 已變成簡單的一件事，也難免" -#~ "會有原始碼樹失誤導致系統無法開機的時候。您可能永遠都用不上備份，但最好確保" -#~ "安全而非後悔。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Review the recent freebsd-stable or freebsd-" -#~ "current entries, depending upon the branch being tracked. Be aware " -#~ "of any known problems and which systems are affected. If a known issue " -#~ "affects the version of synchronized code, wait for an all clear announcement to be posted stating that the problem has been " -#~ "solved. Resynchronize the sources to ensure that the local version of " -#~ "source has the needed fix." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "回顧最近 freebsd-stable 或 freebsd-current 中的" -#~ "項目，依您所追蹤的分支決定。注意任何已知的問題以及會被影響的系統，若已知的" -#~ "問題影響您已同步的原始碼版本，請等候表明問題已被解決的 全部解決 " -#~ "(all clear) 公告發佈，然後重新同步原始碼並確認本地的原始碼版本已含" -#~ "有所需的修正。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Read /usr/src/UPDATING for any extra steps necessary " -#~ "for that version of the source. This file contains important information " -#~ "about potential problems and may specify the order to run certain " -#~ "commands. Many upgrades require specific additional steps such as " -#~ "renaming or deleting specific files prior to installing the new world. " -#~ "These will be listed at the end of this file where the currently " -#~ "recommended upgrade sequence is explicitly spelled out. If " -#~ "UPDATING contradicts any steps in this chapter, the " -#~ "instructions in UPDATING take precedence and should " -#~ "be followed." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "閱讀 /usr/src/UPDATING 了解該版本的原始碼是否有必要的" -#~ "額外步驟要完成。 這個檔案中會包含有關潛藏問題的重要資訊，並且可能會要求執" -#~ "行某些指令。大多升級需要完成指定的額外步驟，例如：在安裝新 World 前重新命" -#~ "名或刪除指定檔案，這些步驟會列在檔案最後，明確說明目前建議的升級順序。若 " -#~ "UPDATING 中有與本章相矛盾的步驟，請以 " -#~ "UPDATING 為準並應遵循其內容。" - -#~ msgid "Do Not Use make world" -#~ msgstr "不要使用 make world" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Some older documentation recommends using make world. " -#~ "However, that command skips some important steps and should only be used " -#~ "by experts. For almost all circumstances make world is " -#~ "the wrong thing to do, and the procedure described here should be used " -#~ "instead." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "部份舊版的文件建議使用 make world，然而該指令跳過了部份" -#~ "重要的步驟，應僅供專家使用。大多數的情況使用 make world 都是錯的，並應使用此處說明的程序。" - -#~ msgid "Overview of Process" -#~ msgstr "流程概述" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "The build world process assumes an upgrade from an older FreeBSD version " -#~ "using the source of a newer version that was obtained using the " -#~ "instructions in ." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "編譯 World 流程會假設您是依照 指示取得最近版" -#~ "本的原始碼來升級舊版的 FreeBSD。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "In FreeBSD, the term world includes the kernel, core " -#~ "system binaries, libraries, programming files, and built-in compiler. The " -#~ "order in which these components are built and installed is important." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "在 FreeBSD，world 一詞包含了核心，核心系統 Binary，程式庫，" -#~ "原始碼以及內建的編譯器。這些元件編譯與安裝的順序非常重要。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "For example, the old compiler might have a bug and not be able to compile " -#~ "the new kernel. Since the new kernel should be built with the new " -#~ "compiler, the new compiler must be built, but not necessarily installed, " -#~ "before the new kernel is built." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "舉例來說，舊的編譯器可能有問題而無法編譯新的核心。新的核心需使用新的編譯器" -#~ "來編譯，因此新的編譯器必需先編譯，但在新核心編譯前並不一定要安裝。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "The new world might rely on new kernel features, so the new kernel must " -#~ "be installed before the new world is installed. The old world might not " -#~ "run correctly on the new kernel, so the new world must be installed " -#~ "immediately upon installing the new kernel." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "新的 World 可能需要使用新的核心功能，所以必須在新的 World 安裝之前先安裝新" -#~ "的核心。舊的 World 也可能在新的核心上無法正常執行，所以必須在新的核心安裝" -#~ "完之後\n" -#~ "馬上安裝新的 World。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Some configuration changes must be made before the new world is " -#~ "installed, but others might break the old world. Hence, two different " -#~ "configuration upgrade steps are used. For the most part, the update " -#~ "process only replaces or adds files and existing old files are not " -#~ "deleted. Since this can cause problems, /usr/src/UPDATING will indicate if any files need to be manually deleted and at " -#~ "which step to do so." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "有一部份設定必須在新的 World 安裝前變更，但其他的部份在之前變更則可能會破" -#~ "壞舊的 World。因此會使用到兩種不同的設定升級步驟。大部份情況，更新程序只會" -#~ "取代或新增檔案，不會刪除已存在的舊檔案。當這可能會造成問題時 /" -#~ "usr/src/UPDATING 便會說明需要手動刪除的檔案以及操作的步驟。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "These concerns have led to the recommended upgrade sequence described in " -#~ "the following procedure." -#~ msgstr "這些問題會影響接下來的建議升級順序。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "It is a good idea to save the output from running make " -#~ "to a file. If something goes wrong, a copy of the error message can be " -#~ "posted to one of the FreeBSD mailing lists." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "將執行 make 的輸出儲存到檔案是不錯的辦法，若發生錯誤" -#~ "時，便可複製錯誤訊息張貼到 FreeBSD 郵遞論壇。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "The easiest way to do this is to use script with a " -#~ "parameter that specifies the name of the file to save all output to. Do " -#~ "not save the output to /tmp as this directory may be " -#~ "cleared at next reboot. A better place to save the file is /var/" -#~ "tmp. Run this command immediately before rebuilding the world, " -#~ "and then type exit when the process has finished:" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "最簡單的方式是使用 script 並透過參數指定要儲存所有輸出" -#~ "的檔案名稱。請不要儲存輸出到 /tmp，因這個目錄可能在下" -#~ "次重新開機後被清除。儲存檔案最好的地方是 /var/tmp。在" -#~ "重新編譯 World 之前執行這個指令，並在流程完成後輸入 exit：" - -#~ msgid "Overview of Build World Process" -#~ msgstr "編譯 World 流程概述" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "The commands used in the build world process should be run in the order " -#~ "specified here. This section summarizes the function of each command." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "編譯 World 流程中使用的指令應依此處指定的順序執行。本節將摘要各指令的功" -#~ "能。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "If the build world process has previously been run on this system, a copy " -#~ "of the previous build may still exist in /usr/obj. " -#~ "To speed up the new build world process, and possibly save some " -#~ "dependency headaches, remove this directory if it already exists:" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "若編譯 World 流程先前已在系統執行過，先前編譯的結果可能遺留在 /" -#~ "usr/obj。要加速新的編譯 World 流程及節省處理相依問題的時間，若" -#~ "此目錄存在，請移除此目錄：" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Compile the new compiler and a few related tools, then use the new " -#~ "compiler to compile the rest of the new world. The result is saved to " -#~ "/usr/obj." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "編譯新的編譯器及一些相關工具，然後使用新的編譯器編譯新的 World。編譯的結果" -#~ "會儲存到 /usr/obj。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Use the new compiler residing in /usr/obj to build " -#~ "the new kernel, in order to protect against compiler-kernel mismatches. " -#~ "This is necessary, as certain memory structures may have changed, and " -#~ "programs like ps and top will fail " -#~ "to work if the kernel and source code versions are not the same." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "使用在 /usr/obj 中的新編譯器來編譯新的核心，來確保不" -#~ "會發生編譯器與核心不相容的問題。因某些記憶體結構可能有修改，這個步驟是必要" -#~ "的，若核心與原始碼的版本不同，ps 及 top 這類的程式會無法運作。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Install the new kernel and kernel modules, making it possible to boot " -#~ "with the newly updated kernel. If kern.securelevel has " -#~ "been raised above 1 and " -#~ "noschg or similar flags have been set on the kernel " -#~ "binary, drop the system into single-user mode first. Otherwise, this " -#~ "command can be run from multi-user mode without problems. See " -#~ "init8 for details about kern.securelevel and chflags1 for details about " -#~ "the various file flags." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "安裝新的核心與新的核心模組，讓開機時可以使用新的核心。這個指令可在多使用者" -#~ "模式執行，除非 kern.securelevel 設定在 1 以上 且 在核心 Binary 有設定 " -#~ "noschg 或類似的旗標 (Flag)，請先讓系統進入單使用者模" -#~ "式。請參考 init8 取得有關 kern.securelevel 的" -#~ "詳細資訊以及 chflags1 取得有關各種檔案旗標" -#~ "的詳細資訊。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Drop the system into single-user mode in order to minimize problems from " -#~ "updating any binaries that are already running. It also minimizes any " -#~ "problems from running the old world on a new kernel." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "讓系統進入單使用者模組來減少升級任何已在執行中的 Binary 所產生的問題，同樣" -#~ "也可減少在新核心上執行舊 World 的問題。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Once in single-user mode, run these commands if the system is formatted " -#~ "with UFS:" -#~ msgstr "進入單使用者模式後，若系統磁碟格式為 UFS 請執行以下指令：" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "If the system is instead formatted with ZFS, run these two commands. This " -#~ "example assumes a zpool name of zroot:" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "若系統磁碟格式為 ZFS，則需執行以下兩個指令。此範例假設 zpool 名稱為 " -#~ "zroot：" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Optional: If a keyboard mapping other than the default US English is " -#~ "desired, it can be changed with kbdmap1:" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "選用：若想要使用 US 英文以外的鍵盤對應表，可以使用 " -#~ "kbdmap1 來變更：" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Then, for either file system, if the CMOS clock is set " -#~ "to local time (this is true if the output of " -#~ "date1 does not show the correct time and zone), run:" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "接著，不論那一種檔案系統，若 CMOS 時鐘設定為本地時間 " -#~ "(若 date1 顯示不正確的時間與時區)，請執行：" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Remaking the world will not update certain directories, such as " -#~ "/etc, /var and /usr, with new or changed configuration files. The next step is to " -#~ "perform some initial configuration file updates to /etc in preparation for the new world. The following command " -#~ "compares only those files that are essential for the success of <_:" -#~ "buildtarget-1/>. For instance, this step may add new groups, system " -#~ "accounts, or startup scripts which have been added to FreeBSD since the " -#~ "last update. This is necessary so that the <_:buildtarget-2/> step will " -#~ "be able to use any new system accounts, groups, and scripts. Refer to " -#~ " for more detailed instructions about this " -#~ "command:" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "重新編譯 World 不會直接更新某些目錄中的設定檔，如 /etc, /var 以及 /usr。接下" -#~ "來的步驟是更新一部份的設定檔到 /etc 來準備安裝新的 " -#~ "World。以下指令只會比對影響 <_:buildtarget-1/> 是否成功執行的必要檔案。例" -#~ "如，這個步驟會可能會加入新版 FreeBSD 的新群組、系統帳號或啟動 Script。為了" -#~ "讓 <_:buildtarget-2/> 步驟可以使用任何新的系統帳號、群組與 Script，這是個" -#~ "必要的步驟。請參考 來取得更多有關此指令的" -#~ "詳細操作說明：" - -#~ msgid "Update any remaining configuration files." -#~ msgstr "更新任何剩下的設定檔。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Delete any obsolete files. This is important as they may cause problems " -#~ "if left on the disk." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "刪除任何廢棄的檔案。這很重要，因為若檔案遺留在磁碟上可能會造成問題。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "A full reboot is now needed to load the new kernel and new world with the " -#~ "new configuration files." -#~ msgstr "現在需要完整重新啟動來載入新的核心、新的 World 與新的設定檔。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Make sure that all installed ports have first been rebuilt before old " -#~ "libraries are removed using the instructions in . When finished, remove any obsolete libraries to avoid " -#~ "conflicts with newer ones. For a more detailed description of this step, " -#~ "refer to ." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "確認所有已安裝的 Port 在舊的程式庫移除前已依照 的說明重新編譯。當重新編譯完成後，移除廢棄的程式庫來避免與新" -#~ "的程式庫發生衝突。有關此步驟更詳細的說明請參考 。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "If the system can have a window of down-time, consider compiling the " -#~ "system in single-user mode instead of compiling the system in multi-user " -#~ "mode, and then dropping into single-user mode for the installation. " -#~ "Reinstalling the system touches a lot of important system files, all the " -#~ "standard system binaries, libraries, and include files. Changing these on " -#~ "a running system, particularly one with active users, is asking for " -#~ "trouble." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "若系統允許停機一小段時間，請考慮以單使用者模式編譯系統來替代在多使用者模組" -#~ "編譯系統，然後進入單使用者模式來完成安裝。重新安裝系統會觸及到很多重要的系" -#~ "統檔案，所有的標準系統 Binary、程式庫以及引用檔。在執行中的系統更換這些檔" -#~ "案，特別是有使用者在使用時，是自找麻煩。" - -#~ msgid "This build world process uses several configuration files." -#~ msgstr "建置 Word 的程序會使用到許多個設定檔。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "The Makefile located in /usr/src describes how the programs that comprise FreeBSD should be " -#~ "built and the order in which they should be built." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "位於 /usr/src 的 Makefile 用來描" -#~ "述要如何編譯組成 FreeBSD 的程式以及編譯的順序。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "The options available to make are described in " -#~ "make.conf5 and some common examples are included in " -#~ "/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf. Any options which " -#~ "are added to /etc/make.conf will control the how " -#~ "make runs and builds programs. These options take " -#~ "effect every time make is used, including compiling " -#~ "applications from the Ports Collection, compiling custom C programs, or " -#~ "building the FreeBSD operating system. Changes to some settings can have " -#~ "far-reaching and potentially surprising effects. Read the comments in " -#~ "both locations and keep in mind that the defaults have been chosen for a " -#~ "combination of performance and safety." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "make 可用的選項在 make." -#~ "conf5 中有介紹， 在 " -#~ "/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf 也有一些常見的範" -#~ "例。所有加到 /etc/make.conf 的選項會控制 " -#~ "make 要如何執行與編譯程式。這些選項對每一次使用 " -#~ "make 都會有影響，包含編譯在 Port 套件集中的應用程式、編" -#~ "譯自訂的 C 程式或編譯 FreeBSD 作業系統，更動某些設定可能會產生深遠與意想不" -#~ "到的影響，在更改前要仔細閱讀在這些地方的註解，然後也要了預設值是在效率與安" -#~ "全之間取得的平衝點。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "How the operating system is built from source code is controlled by " -#~ "/etc/src.conf. Unlike /etc/make.conf, the contents of /etc/src.conf only take " -#~ "effect when the FreeBSD operating system itself is being built. " -#~ "Descriptions of the many options available for this file are shown in " -#~ "src.conf5. Be cautious about disabling seemingly unneeded " -#~ "kernel modules and build options. Sometimes there are unexpected or " -#~ "subtle interactions." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "要如何由原始碼編譯成作業系統是由 /etc/src.conf 控制，" -#~ "不像 /etc/make.conf，/etc/src.conf 的內容只會對 FreeBSD 作業系統編譯產生效果。有關這個檔案可用的選" -#~ "項在 src.conf5 有說明。要注意，停用看似不須要的核心模組與選項，" -#~ "有時會有意想不到或微妙的結果。" - -#~ msgid "Variables and Targets" -#~ msgstr "變數與目標" - -#~ msgid "The general format for using make is as follows:" -#~ msgstr "使用 make 的一般格式如下：" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "In this example, is an " -#~ "option passed to make. Refer to " -#~ "make1 for examples of the available options." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "在這個例子中， 是傳送給 " -#~ "make 的一個選項，可參考 " -#~ "make1 來取得可用選項的範例。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "To pass a variable, specify the variable name with . The behavior of the " -#~ "Makefile is controlled by variables. These can " -#~ "either be set in /etc/make.conf or they can be " -#~ "specified when using make. For example, this variable " -#~ "specifies that profiled libraries should not be built:" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "要傳送一個變數 (Variable)，可使用 來指定變數名稱，Makefile 的行為" -#~ "便是由這些變數來控制。這些變數可設定在 /etc/make.conf 或在使用 make 時指定，舉例來說，以下變數可以" -#~ "控制不要編譯 profile 的程式庫 ：" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "It corresponds with this setting in /etc/make.conf:" -#~ msgstr "在 /etc/make.conf 要做一樣的設定可：" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "The target tells make what " -#~ "to do and the Makefile defines the available " -#~ "targets. Some targets are used by the build process to break out the " -#~ "steps necessary to rebuild the system into a number of sub-steps." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "target 會告訴 make 要做什" -#~ "麼，而在 Makefile 中會定義可用的目標 (Target)， 有些" -#~ "目標是給建置程序使用的，這些步驟是由一個重新編譯系統的必要步驟細分而成的。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Having separate options is useful for two reasons. First, it allows for a " -#~ "build that does not affect any components of a running system. Because of " -#~ "this, <_:buildtarget-1/> can be safely run on a machine running in multi-" -#~ "user mode. It is still recommended that <_:buildtarget-2/> be run in part " -#~ "in single-user mode, though." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "把選項分成數個主要為了兩個原因，第一，它可單獨編譯不影響系統執行中的元件，" -#~ "也因為如此，<_:buildtarget-1/> 可以安全的在多使用者模式時執行，雖然如此，" -#~ "但還是建議 <_:buildtarget-2/> 要在單使用者模式執行。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Secondly, it allows NFS mounts to be used to upgrade " -#~ "multiple machines on a network, as described in ." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "第二，它讓 NFS 掛載可以使用，以便同時升級網路上多台主" -#~ "機，如 所介紹的。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "It is possible to specify which will cause " -#~ "make to spawn several simultaneous processes. Since " -#~ "much of the compiling process is I/O-bound rather than " -#~ "CPU-bound, this is useful on both single CPU and multi-CPU machines." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "編譯時也可以指定 來讓 make 產生數個" -#~ "平行的程序來編譯。由於大多數的編譯程序會受到 I/O 綁定而" -#~ "非 CPU 綁定，這個選項在單 CPU 與多 " -#~ "CPU 的主機都很有用。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "On a single-CPU machine, run the following command to " -#~ "have up to 4 processes running at any one time. Empirical evidence posted " -#~ "to the mailing lists shows this generally gives the best performance " -#~ "benefit." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "在單 CPU 主機，執行以下指令讓一次最多可有 4 個程序同時" -#~ "執行，根據回報到郵遞論壇 (Mailing list) 的經驗顯示，這個設定值在大多數情況" -#~ "可以有最佳的效能。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "On a multi-CPU machine, try values between 6 and 10 to see how they speed things up." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "在多 CPU 主機，可嘗試使用 6 至 " -#~ "10 並觀察加速的情形。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "If any variables were specified to make buildworld, " -#~ "specify the same variables to make installworld. " -#~ "However, must never be used with " -#~ "<_:buildtarget-1/>." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "任何傳給 make buildworld 的變數，也同樣要傳給 " -#~ "make installworld。只有 " -#~ "永遠不該用在 <_:buildtarget-1/>。" - -#~ msgid "For example, if this command was used:" -#~ msgstr "例如，若使用了以下指令：" - -#~ msgid "Install the results with:" -#~ msgstr "在安裝時便要使用：" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Otherwise, the second command will try to install profiled libraries that " -#~ "were not built during the make buildworld phase." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "否則，第二個指令會嘗試安裝在 make buildworld 階段沒有編" -#~ "譯的 profile 的程式庫。" - -#~ msgid "Merging Configuration Files" -#~ msgstr "合併設定檔" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "FreeBSD provides the mergemaster8 Bourne script to " -#~ "aid in determining the differences between the configuration files in " -#~ "/etc, and the configuration files in /usr/" -#~ "src/etc. This is the recommended solution for keeping the " -#~ "system configuration files up to date with those located in the source " -#~ "tree." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "FreeBSD 提供了 mergemaster8 Bourne script 來協助" -#~ "比對在 /etc 的設定檔與在 /usr/src/etc 的設定檔間的差異，這是要維持系統設定檔與原始碼樹中最新的設定檔相" -#~ "同版本的建議方式。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Before using mergemaster, it is recommended to first " -#~ "copy the existing /etc somewhere safe. Include " -#~ " which does a recursive copy and " -#~ "which preserves times and the ownerships on files:" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "在使用 mergemaster 之前，建議先將現有的 /" -#~ "etc 備份到某一處安全的地方，加上 來做遞迴複" -#~ "製以及 來保留檔案的時間與擁有者資訊：" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "When run, mergemaster builds a temporary root " -#~ "environment, from / down, and populates it with " -#~ "various system configuration files. Those files are then compared to the " -#~ "ones currently installed in the system. Files that differ will be shown " -#~ "in diff1 format, with the sign " -#~ "representing added or modified lines, and representing " -#~ "lines that will be either removed completely or replaced with a new file. " -#~ "Refer to diff1 for more information about how file differences " -#~ "are shown." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "執行時，mergemaster 會在 / 下建立" -#~ "暫存的 root 環境，然後放入各種系統設定檔，這些檔案接著會被拿來與目前安裝在" -#~ "系統的設定檔做比對，有差異的檔案會以 diff1 的格式顯示， " -#~ " 號代表增加或修改過的行，而 號代表在" -#~ "新檔案已完全移除或被取代的行。請參考 diff1 來取得更多有關檔案差" -#~ "異會如何顯示的資訊。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Next, mergemaster will display each file that differs, " -#~ "and present options to: delete the new file, referred to as the temporary " -#~ "file, install the temporary file in its unmodified state, merge the " -#~ "temporary file with the currently installed file, or view the results " -#~ "again." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "接著，mergemaster 會顯示每個有差異的檔案，然後提供操作" -#~ "選項：刪除新的暫存設定檔、不修改安裝暫存設定檔、將暫存設定檔與目前安裝的設" -#~ "定檔合併或再檢視結果一次。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Choosing to delete the temporary file will tell mergemaster to keep the current file unchanged and to delete the new " -#~ "version. This option is not recommended. To get help at any time, type " -#~ "? at the mergemaster prompt. If the " -#~ "user chooses to skip a file, it will be presented again after all other " -#~ "files have been dealt with." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "選擇刪除暫存設定檔案會告訴 mergemaster 保留目前的設定檔" -#~ "不變然後刪除新版本的設定檔，但這是較不建議使用的選項。在要尋求協助可隨時" -#~ "在 mergemaster 提示後輸入 ?。若使用者" -#~ "選擇跳過該設定檔，該檔案則會在所有其他檔案處理過之後再顯示一次。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Choosing to install the unmodified temporary file will replace the " -#~ "current file with the new one. For most unmodified files, this is the " -#~ "best option." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "選擇安裝未修改過的暫存設定檔會使用較新的設定檔來取代目前的設定檔，對於大多" -#~ "數未修改過的設定檔來說，這是最佳的選項。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Choosing to merge the file will present a text editor with the contents " -#~ "of both files open. The files can be merged by reviewing both files side " -#~ "by side on the screen and choosing parts from both to create a finished " -#~ "product. When the files are compared side by side, l " -#~ "selects the left contents and r selects contents from " -#~ "the right. The final output will be a file consisting of both parts, " -#~ "which can then be installed. This option is customarily used for files " -#~ "where settings have been modified by the user." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "選擇合併檔案會進入文字編輯器並同時顯示兩個檔案的內容，可在畫面上並排查看這" -#~ "兩個檔案，並從兩者之中選擇一邊來產生最終要的部份來合併這兩個設定檔。在檔案" -#~ "並排比較時，使用 l 可選擇左邊的內容，r " -#~ "可選擇右邊的內容，最終的結果會是一個由兩邊選擇部份所組成的檔案，然後才可以" -#~ "安裝。這個選項習慣上是針對那些有被使用者修改過設定的檔案使用。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Choosing to view the results again will redisplay the file differences." -#~ msgstr "選擇再查看結果一次則會再顯示一次檔案間的差異。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "After mergemaster is done with the system files, it " -#~ "will prompt for other options. It may prompt to rebuild the password file " -#~ "and will finish up with an option to remove left-over temporary files." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "mergemaster 完成系統設定檔的處理之後，會提示其他選項，" -#~ "有可能會提示重建密碼檔，然後最終會出現移除剩下的暫存檔。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "As a part of the FreeBSD development lifecycle, files and their contents " -#~ "occasionally become obsolete. This may be because functionality is " -#~ "implemented elsewhere, the version number of the library has changed, or " -#~ "it was removed from the system entirely. These obsoleted files, " -#~ "libraries, and directories should be removed when updating the system. " -#~ "This ensures that the system is not cluttered with old files which take " -#~ "up unnecessary space on the storage and backup media. Additionally, if " -#~ "the old library has a security or stability issue, the system should be " -#~ "updated to the newer library to keep it safe and to prevent crashes " -#~ "caused by the old library. Files, directories, and libraries which are " -#~ "considered obsolete are listed in /usr/src/ObsoleteFiles.inc. The following instructions should be used to remove obsolete " -#~ "files during the system upgrade process." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "隨著 FreeBSD 開發生命週期結束，檔案與其內容最終會被廢棄，這可是因為該功能" -#~ "已改在其他地方實作、程式庫的版本編號改變、或者完全從系統中移除。這些廢棄的" -#~ "檔案、程式庫與目錄應在升級系統時被移除，這可確保系統不會到處散布著舊檔案，" -#~ "在儲存與備份媒體中佔據不必要的空間。除此之外，若舊的程式庫有安全性或穩定性" -#~ "的問題，則系統應更新到較新的程式庫來確保系統安全與避免因舊程式庫造成的當" -#~ "機。被列為廢棄的檔案、目錄與程式庫會列於 /usr/src/ObsoleteFiles." -#~ "inc。在進行系統升級程序時應依照以下指示移除廢棄的檔案。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "After the make installworld and the subsequent " -#~ "mergemaster have finished successfully, check for " -#~ "obsolete files and libraries:" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "在 make installworld 與接下來的 mergemaster 成功完成之後，需檢查是否有廢棄的檔案與程式庫：" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "If any obsolete files are found, they can be deleted using the following " -#~ "command:" -#~ msgstr "若有找到任何廢棄的檔案，可使用以下指令刪除這些檔案：" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "A prompt is displayed before deleting each obsolete file. To skip the " -#~ "prompt and let the system remove these files automatically, use " -#~ "BATCH_DELETE_OLD_FILES:" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "在刪除每一個廢棄檔案之前會顯示提示確認，若要跳過這些提示讓系統自動移除這些" -#~ "檔案，可使用 BATCH_DELETE_OLD_FILES：" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "The same goal can be achieved by piping these commands through " -#~ "yes:" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "也可使用管線 (Pipe) 符號傳遞 yes 給這些指令來達到同樣的" -#~ "效果：" - -#~ msgid "Warning" -#~ msgstr "警告" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Deleting obsolete files will break applications that still depend on " -#~ "those obsolete files. This is especially true for old libraries. In most " -#~ "cases, the programs, ports, or libraries that used the old library need " -#~ "to be recompiled before make delete-old-libs is " -#~ "executed." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "刪除廢棄檔案會弄壞那些相依這些廢棄檔案的應用程式，尤其是刪除廢棄的程式庫。" -#~ "在大多數情況，使用舊程式庫的程式、Port、程式庫需要在執行 make " -#~ "delete-old-libs 之前重新編譯。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Utilities for checking shared library dependencies include " -#~ "sysutils/libchk and sysutils/bsdadminscripts." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "可檢查共用程式庫相依的工具有 sysutils/libchk 與 " -#~ "sysutils/bsdadminscripts。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Obsolete shared libraries can conflict with newer libraries, causing " -#~ "messages like these:" -#~ msgstr "廢棄的共用程式庫可能會與較新的程式庫衝突，會出現訊息如下：" - -#~ msgid "To solve these problems, determine which port installed the library:" -#~ msgstr "要解決這些問題須找出那個 Port 會安裝該程式庫：" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Then deinstall, rebuild, and reinstall the port. To automate this " -#~ "process, ports-mgmt/portmaster can be used. After all " -#~ "ports are rebuilt and no longer use the old libraries, delete the old " -#~ "libraries using the following command:" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "然後解除安裝、重新編譯然後重新安裝 Port，要將這個程序自動化可使用 " -#~ "ports-mgmt/portmaster。在所有 Port 重新編譯且舊程式庫不" -#~ "再使用之後，使用以下指令刪除舊程式庫：" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "If something goes wrong, it is easy to rebuild a particular piece of the " -#~ "system. For example, if /etc/magic was accidentally " -#~ "deleted as part of the upgrade or merge of /etc, " -#~ "file will stop working. To fix this, run:" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "若有東西發生錯誤，要重新編譯系統的特定部份也很簡單。例如，若 /" -#~ "etc/magic 在升級或合併 /etc 時被意外刪除，" -#~ "file 便會無法運作，要修正這個問題可執行：" - -#~ msgid "Common Questions" -#~ msgstr "常見問題" - -#~ msgid "Do I need to re-make the world for every change?" -#~ msgstr "每個變更是否都需要重新編譯 World?" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "It depends upon the nature of the change. For example, if " -#~ "svn only shows the following files as being " -#~ "updated:" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "這需視變更的內容而定，例如，若 svn 只有顯示以下" -#~ "檔案有被更新過：" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "it probably is not worth rebuilding the entire world. Instead, go into " -#~ "the appropriate sub-directories and run make all install. But if something major changes, such as src/lib/libc/" -#~ "stdlib, consider rebuilding world." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "那可能就不須要重新編譯整個 World，可改直接進入對應的子目錄然後執行 " -#~ "make all install。但若有一些主要 (Major) 的變更，例如 " -#~ "src/lib/libc/stdlib，那麼請考慮重新編譯 World。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Some users rebuild world every fortnight and let changes accumulate over " -#~ "that fortnight. Others only re-make those things that have changed and " -#~ "are careful to spot all the dependencies. It all depends on how often a " -#~ "user wants to upgrade and whether they are tracking FreeBSD-STABLE or " -#~ "FreeBSD-CURRENT." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "有些使用者每兩週會重新編譯一次 World 然後讓變更再累積兩週，也有些使用者只" -#~ "重新編譯那些有變更過的內容並非常小心的檢查所有相依，要怎麼做完全是依使用者" -#~ "相要多久升級一次系統以及他們是追蹤 FreeBSD-STABLE 或是 FreeBSD-CURRENT 分" -#~ "支而定。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "What would cause a compile to fail with lots of signal 11<_:indexterm-1/> " -#~ "(or other signal number) errors?" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "什麼會造成有很多 signal 11<_:indexterm-1/> (或其他信號) 錯誤的編譯失敗?" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "This normally indicates a hardware problem. Building world is an " -#~ "effective way to stress test hardware, especially memory. A sure " -#~ "indicator of a hardware issue is when make is " -#~ "restarted and it dies at a different point in the process." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "這通常代表發生硬體問題，編譯 World 是對硬體做壓力測試很有效的方式，特別是" -#~ "對記憶體。對於硬體問題較明確的指標是每一次重新 make 會在程序的不同地方停止。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "To resolve this error, swap out the components in the machine, starting " -#~ "with RAM, to determine which component is failing." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "要解決這種問題，需要更換主機的元件，先從 RAM 開始，然後找出那個元件故障。" - -#~ msgid "Can /usr/obj be removed when finished?" -#~ msgstr "完成編譯後是可否移除 /usr/obj?" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "This directory contains all the object files that were produced during " -#~ "the compilation phase. Normally, one of the first steps in the " -#~ "make buildworld process is to remove this directory " -#~ "and start afresh. Keeping /usr/obj around when " -#~ "finished makes little sense, and its removal frees up a approximately 2GB " -#~ "of disk space." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "這個目錄包含了所有在編譯階段所產生的目標檔 (Object file)。正常在 " -#~ "make buildworld 程序的其中一個初始步驟便是移除所有在這" -#~ "個目錄的檔案然後重頭開始，因此在編譯完成之後保留 /usr/obj 沒有太大意義，把它移除之後可以釋放大約 2GB 的磁碟空間。" - -#~ msgid "Can interrupted builds be resumed?" -#~ msgstr "是否能繼續中斷的編譯?" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "This depends on how far into the process the problem occurs. In general, " -#~ "make buildworld builds new copies of essential tools " -#~ "and the system libraries. These tools and libraries are then installed, " -#~ "used to rebuild themselves, and are installed again. The rest of the " -#~ "system is then rebuilt with the new system tools." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "這要看程序執行到什麼程度才發生問題，一般來說，make buildworld 會編譯新版的重要工具及系統程式庫，接著會安裝這些工具及程式庫，再" -#~ "用來重新編譯它們自己，然後再安裝一次，接著才會使用這些新系統工具重新編譯系" -#~ "統剩下未完成的部份。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "During the last stage, it is fairly safe to run these commands as they " -#~ "will not undo the work of the previous make buildworld:" -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "在最後一個階段執行這個指令是相同安全的，這些指令不會重做先前 " -#~ "make buildworld 所做的工作：" - -#~ msgid "If this message appears:" -#~ msgstr "若出現這個訊息：" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "in the make buildworld output, it is probably fairly " -#~ "safe to do so." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "在 make buildworld 的輸出結果，要執行上述指令是相當安全" -#~ "的。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "If that message is not displayed, it is always better to be safe than " -#~ "sorry and to restart the build from scratch." -#~ msgstr "若沒有顯示上述訊息，保險起見最好重頭開始編譯的動作。" - -#~ msgid "Is it possible to speed up making the world?" -#~ msgstr "有可能加速編譯 World 的速度嗎?" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Several actions can speed up the build world process. For example, the " -#~ "entire process can be run from single-user mode. However, this will " -#~ "prevent users from having access to the system until the process is " -#~ "complete." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "有很多方法可以加速整個編譯 World 的程序，舉例來說，整個程序可以在單使用者" -#~ "模式執行，這可以避免一般使用者在程序完成前存取系統。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "Careful file system design or the use of ZFS datasets can make a " -#~ "difference. Consider putting /usr/src and /" -#~ "usr/obj on separate file systems. If possible, place the file " -#~ "systems on separate disks on separate disk controllers. When mounting " -#~ "/usr/src, use which " -#~ "prevents the file system from recording the file access time. If " -#~ "/usr/src is not on its own file system, consider " -#~ "remounting /usr with ." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "注意檔案系統的規劃或者採用 ZFS 資料集可能會有明顯的差異，可以考慮將 " -#~ "/usr/src 與 /usr/obj 放在不同的" -#~ "檔案系統，若可能的話，將檔案系統放在不同磁碟控制器的磁碟。在掛載 " -#~ "/usr/src 時，使用 可以避免檔" -#~ "案系統記錄檔案存取時間，若 /usr/src 放在不是自己所擁" -#~ "有的檔案系統，則可考慮使用 重新掛載 /" -#~ "usr。" - -#~ msgid "" -#~ "The file system holding /usr/obj can be mounted or " -#~ "remounted with so that disk writes happen " -#~ "asynchronously. The write completes immediately, and the data is written " -#~ "to the disk a few seconds later. This allows writes to be clustered " -#~ "together, and can provide a dramatic performance boost." -#~ msgstr "" -#~ "儲存 /usr/obj 的檔案系統可使用